1 A Proposed Therapeutic Resort Complex in Siargao Island Developing A Better Healing Environment Through Biophilic Design

MAPUA UNIVERSITY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment
A Proposed Therapeutic Resort Complex in Siargao Island: Developing a Better Healing

Environment through Biophilic Design
BY
AMORATO, TRACY KATE T.

2015380015
August 2021
0
APPROVAL SHEET
This is to certify that I supervised and read the thesis of Tracy Kate T. Amorato entitled “A Proposed Therapeutic
Resort Complex in Siargao Island: Developing A Better Healing Environment Through Biophilic Design”
and recommended it for acceptance and approval of the Thesis Evaluation Committee.
__________________________________________
Rhea Reodique-Olimpo
Thesis Adviser
As member of the Thesis Evaluation Committee, we certify that we reviewed and examined this thesis and gave it an
evaluation of PASS/FAIL. We hereby recommend its acceptance as a partial fulfillment for the terminal design course
AR200-2 for the degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
__________________________________________
Firstname M.I. Lastname
Committee Chair
__________________________________________
Panel Member 1
__________________________________________
Panel Member 2
This thesis is hereby approved by the School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and the Built Environment in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture.
__________________________________________
Gloria B. Teodoro
Dean, ARIDBE
1
ABSTRACT
Despite high rates of emotional/psychological suffering, people across the world have a widespread
aversion and negative attitude towards going to clinics/hospitals for formal help-seeking. It may be due to
the unwelcoming design of a therapeutic setting, the self and societal stigma, and the escapist psychology
of the people that makes them embrace traveling as a coping technique against emotional distress
conditions. This study aims to determine Biophilic Design elements that will make an improved and
effective holistic healing environment, to determine the therapeutic resort spaces and activities that will
contribute to an effective holistic healing and entice the people to participate in, and to integrate therapy
and tourism by presenting a new approach for a therapeutic resort. Specifically, it will investigate the
existing therapy and wellness approaches and integrate it into a therapeutic resort complex. The significance
of this study ranges from the significance of wellness tourism in the country’s industry up to its significance
on the users. This study will expand the knowledge on how Biophilic design strategies can directly bring
up the well-being of both the tourists who seek wellness and relaxation, and the people who seek for
emotional, and even holistic healing. This research will introduce the integration of therapy and tourism
through Architecture. It will present how Architecture can develop an alternative healing environment for
emotional stress related conditions. To develop more detailed study, this research utilizes mixed methods,
through the forms of qualitative and quantitative research. The archival research method; interviews and
surveys. For the archival research method, the study will provide content-based data from published
materials and obtain qualitative and quantitative information containing analysis and references that will
assist the research study. For survey, the researcher conducted quantitative research through the form of a
survey questionnaire provided to 800 local and international tourists across more than 20 nationalities in
June 2021. Through this study, the researcher provided questions regarding the stress related problems
encountered. Additionally, the researcher also provided questions regarding the resort and wellness
facilities preferences. The conducted interviews focus on professionals with the greatest knowledge
regarding the proposed topic. This is an essential research approach that may be used to improve the
research study since it will allow persons working in the hospitality industries to give a clearer observation
and analysis. The researcher conducted case studies about Siargao Resorts, Wellness Center, and Biophilic
Hotel. The case studies utilized in this research will focus on the facilities, the design, and technology
innovations that can be applied to this proposal. Both local and international case studies will be used. After
analyzing all the gathered data, the researcher proposes a Therapeutic Resort Complex that will: promote
emotional therapy and holistic healing, provide a different setting for professional help seeking, provide a
place where psychological therapy and holistic healing can be fun and adventurous, and promote health and
well-being through Biophilic Healing Environment.
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Tracy Kate T. Amorato is a 22-year-old BS Architecture student at the Mapua University in Manila,
Philippines. She is specializing in Project Construction Management. She is a consistent honor student in
Grade School and graduated with Second Honorable Mention and Best in Science award in High School.
At the start of her college journey, she began as a BS Leisure and Tourism Management student at Miriam
College (formerly Maryknoll) in Quezon City, Philippines. At the middle of her first semester, she then
realized that Architecture is what she is truly passionate about, and that’s when her BS Architecture career
started. In January 2016, she transferred to Mapua University and took up BS Architecture.
She made it to the list of Top 50 Architecture students of Mapua (Batch 2015) and was crowned Miss AR-
ID-BE (Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment) in December 2016 and represented the
School of ARIDBE in Miss Mapua Cardinals in February 2017. Clearly, she knows how to balance her
academical responsibilities and her career in modeling and pageantry.
Her relatives from her father’s side are mostly in the line of construction and architecture, while her
mother’s side are mostly in the hospitality and tourism industry. That’s what inspired her to come up with
her thesis that proposes a therapeutic resort that revolves around Biophilic Design.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to use this opportunity to express her heartfelt appreciation and fulfillment to
everyone who helped her with this thesis research and who supported her through all of the obstacles that
she experienced upon completing this thesis. These individuals were significant because the fulfillment and
achievement of the researcher's work would not have been possible without their support.
Firstly, the researcher would like to thank God, the one above, who gave her hope to finish her thesis, and
have provided her with utmost guidance in all the steps that she took in life.
Second, the profound gratitude goes to the researcher's adviser, Arch. Rhea Olimpo, whose competence has
provided wisdom on her thesis, as well as consistent guidance through her insightful feedback,
recommendations, suggestions, and lectures, which have aided the researcher to gain a complete
understanding of her thesis study.
Third, the researcher would like to express her utmost gratitude to the interviewees from the hospitality
industry, Ms. Cyril Anne Amorato, Mrs. Reybie Iting, and Mr. Jerome Iting. Also, to Mr. Lazaro dela Cruz
of Zarrbuilt Konstruction. These individuals have provided the researcher with high understanding and
guidance through constructive comments and recommendations for her thesis study on the realistic needs
and demands in the hospitality and construction industry.
Fourth, the researcher would like to thank her closest friends, Tin Dieron, Lee Benito, Renielle Maglayo,
and Jonash Galvez who have supported her and gave her all the help that they can throughout the completion
of this study.
Fifth, to the most important part of the researcher’s life, who went through everything, for her to even be
where she is at now, who has trained and guided her on the structure of the real world and have brought her
up since birth. She would like to thank her family, Alvin V. Amorato, Jennifer T. Amorato, Cyril Anne T.
Amorato, and Cory Tolentino, who were the reason why she heavily wanted to accomplish this thesis and
succeed in life.
Additionally, the researcher would like to thank Zarr De Leon, who stood by her side through all the
challenges and success that the researcher had during her college days, and his parents who gave her the
consistent support through all the hardships and have always motivated her to finish her thesis.
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DEDICATION
First of all, the researcher wholeheartedly dedicates this thesis study to our Almighty God, who gave
strength, knowledge, and patience for her everyday life.
Second, to the School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment and the professors who
have been part of her college journey.
Third, to her adviser, Architect Rhea Olimpo, who guided her from Thesis 1 until the end of this study.
Fourth, to her outstanding design professor, Architect Felix Resurreccion, who has given the researcher all
the knowledge and insights to produce a great design, and who trained her to unleash the best version of
her design plates.
Lastly, to her family, who never gave up on her dreams and for their endless understanding.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Approval Sheet
Acknowledgement
PART 1: The Problem and its Background
Chapter 1.1: General Overview
Introduction………………………………………………………….……………….………22
Background of the study………………………………………….…….…………………….27
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….………….…….……...31
Objectives, Goals, and Strategies ……………………………………………………………32
Significance of the Study…………………………………………………..………….……...33
Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………..33
Assumption…………………………………..………………………………………………34
Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………………35
Definition of Terms…………………………………….………………………………….…36
Acronyms…………………………………………………………………………………….36
Chapter 1.2 Review on Related Literature and Studies
Reviews of Related Literature…………………………………………………….…………37
Tourism Industry in the Philippines…………………………………………………37
The Evolving Landscape of Domestic Travel in the Philippines: A study of

travelers and tourism enterprises amidst the pandemic……………………….……..42
Siargao Island………………………………………………………………………..43
The Rise of Health Tourism Industry in the Philippines…………………….………43
Hydrotherapy………………………………………………………….….……….…45
Water Aerobics……………………………………………..……………….……….46
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Yoga……………………………………………………………………….………..46
Grounding…………………………………………………………………………..47
Forest Bathing………………………………………………………………………48
Wellness…………………………………………………………………………….49
Holistic Movement………………………………………………………………….49
Holistic Medicine…………………………………………………………………...49
Biophilic Design………………………………………………………..………..….50
Biophilic Design on Tourism and Hospitality…………………………..………..…51
The Healing Power of Nature…………………………………………………….…53
Biophilia Healing Environments……………………………………..……………..55
Biophilic Hotel Lobbies…………………………………………….………………57
Biophilic Hotel Guest Rooms…………………………………………………...….58
Biophilic Spas and Wellness………………………………………………………..59
Biophilic Design Patterns………………………………………...…………………60
The Elements of Biophilic Design………………………………….………………62
Wellness Retreat Spaces……………………………………………………...…….64
Designing for Spas………………………………………………..………………..66
Designing Hotel Spaces…………………………………………..………….…….69
SIPLAS………………………………………………………...……………….….87
Coastal Tourism…………………………………………………...………………91
Reviews of Related Projects………………………………………………………………100
The Farm at San Benito, Batangas, Philippines………………………...………...100
Badian Island Wellness Resort, Cebu, Philippines…………………………….…102
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Mandai Resort, Singapore……………………………………………...………..102
ParkRoyal Hotels, Singapore…………………………………….…….……..…103
Supertree Grove at Gardens by the Bay, Singapore…………………….……….106
Amezcua Wellness Center, Metro Manila, Philippines…………………….……106
Four Seasons Langkawi, Malaysia………………………………………………107
Chapter 1.3 Research Methodology…………………………………………/……..…109
Methodology Framework………………………………………………………..109
Research Design…………………………………………………………………109
Research Locale…………………………………………………………………110
Research Tools…………………………………………………………………..110
Population and Sampling………………………………………………………..110
Data Gathering Procedures……………………………………………………...111
Statistical Treatment…………………………………………………………….113
Chapter 1.4 Results and Discussion…………………………………...……………...113
Presentation of Collected Data………………………………………………….113
Summary of Findings and Analysis…………………………………………….156
Need Analysis…………………………………………………………………..183
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis………………………………………….184
Chapter 1.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions and Recommendations ………………………………….………..192
PART 2: Research Focus and Innovation……………………………………...……193
Chapter 2.1 Rationale……………………………………………………...…………193
Chapter 2.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project……………………………….193
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Chapter 2.3 Application to the Project…………………………………………….195
PART 3: Site Identification and Analysis………………………...………………..198
Chapter 3.1 Site Selection Process………………………………………………….198
Criteria for Site Selection……………………………………………………..198
Site Option Description ………………………………………………………203
Site Selection and Justification………………………………………………..219
Chapter 3.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis………………………………………….220
The Macro Setting…………………………………………………………….220
The Micro Setting……………………………………………………………..233
Related Laws and Ordinances………………………..……………………….240
Chapter 3.3 Site Development Options……………………………………………..246
Micro Site Analysis……………………………………………..…………….246
Proposed Site Development Plan……………………………………..………252
References…………………………………………………………………………….256
Annexes……………………………………………………………………………….261
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Chapter 1.1
Figure 1.1.1 Conde Nast Article featuring Siargao Island
Figure 1.1.2 Guyam Island, Siargao
Figure 1.1.3 Daku Island
Figure 1.1.4 Naked Island
Figure 1.1.5 Maasin River
Figure 1.1.6 Sohoton Cove
Figure 1.1.7 Vogue Paris Article featuring Siargao Island
Figure 1.1.8 Time Magazine Article featuring Siargao Island
Figure 1.1.9 Negative Experience Index
Figure 1.1.10 Siargao Island Vicinity and Tourist Attractions
Figure 1.1.11 Conceptual Framework
Chapter 1.2
Figure 1.2.1 Visitor Arrivals in the Philippines (2010-2019)
Figure 1.2.2 Monthly Visitor Arrivals in the Philippines (2018 vs 2019)
Figure 1.2.3 Main Purpose of Visitors
Figure 1.2.4 Things liked most about the Philippines
Figure 1.2.5 Percent Share of Tourism to GDP (2017-2019)
Figure 1.2.6 Percent Share of Tourism to total employment (2018-2019)
Figure 1.2.9 Percentage Distribution for all major tourism establishments in the Philippines.
Figure 1.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Revenue Generated in Health and Wellness
Establishments in the Philippines
Figure 1.2.11 Cortisol Profile before grounding (a), and after grounding (b).
Figure 1.2.12 Comparison Chart of Hotel Lobby Usage.
Figure 1.2.13 Strength of Biophilic Patterns Across Hotel Amenities.
Figure 1.2.14 Nature Nurtures, Macro to Micro.
Figure 1.2.15 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Main Facility
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Figure 1.2.16 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Treatment Spaces
Figure 1.2.17 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Fitness Spaces
Figure 1.2.18 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Staff Spaces
Figure 1.2.19 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Offices
Figure 1.2.20 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Living Spaces
Figure 1.2.21 Locker/Changing/Vanity Area
Figure 1.2.22 Locker Room/Wet Area
Figure 1.2.23 The Components of Spa Facility
Figure 1.2.24 Design for Beauty Services in Spa.
Figure 1.2.25 Design for Facial Rooms.
Figure 1.2.26 Design for Massage Therapy Rooms.
Figure 1.2.27 Design for Spa Treatment Rooms.
Figure 1.2.28 Design for Dry Treatment Rooms.
Figure 1.2.29 Typical Guestroom Layout.
Figure 1.2.30 Typical Layout – Loading Dock Area.
Figure 1.2.31 SIPLAS Map
Figure 1.2.32 Siargao Slope Map
Figure 1.2.33 Management Prescriptions – Strict Protection Zone.
Figure 1.2.34 Management Prescriptions – Multiple Use Zone.
Figure 1.2.35 Ecotourism Areas – Multiple Use Zone.
Figure 1.2.36 White Beaches – Multiple Use Zone.
Figure 1.2.37 Illustrative Zoning and Resource Use Plan for Coastal Area and Municipal Waters.
Figure 1.2.38 Classification of Beach Resort Sites based on Coastal Features.
Figure 1.2.39 Zoning schemes used for minimizing resort impacts to sensitive areas.
Figure 1.2.40 Negative effects of not having a setback.
Figure 1.2.41 Coastal Shoreline Setback Required by Law in the Philippines.
Figure 1.2.42 Setback along a beach front from edge of vegetation as stipulated by DOT.
Figure 1.2.43 Staggered layout.
Figure 1.2.44 Services provided by trees and vegetation that enhance the environmental and
aesthetic quality of a coastal tourism facility
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Figure 1.2.45 Sulu Terraces
Figure 1.2.46 Outdoor Bathroom
Figure 1.2.47 The Farm at San Benito Map
Figure 1.2.48 Pool Area at Badian Island Wellness Resort
Figure 1.2.49 Aerial View of the Resort.
Figure 1.2.50 Mandai Resort Sectional Layout.
Figure 1.2.51 Mandai Resort Perspective.
Figure 1.2.52 Mandai Resort Balcony.
Figure 1.2.53 ParkRoyal Marina Bay Lobby
Figure 1.2.54 ParkRoyal Marina Bay Bird Cage Lounge
Figure 1.2.55 Atrium Sky Bridge at ParkRoyal Marina Bay
Figure 1.2.56 Parkroyal Pickering Section.
Figure 1.2.57 Supertrees.
Figure 1.2.58 Walkway to Supertree Grove
Figure 1.2.59 Supertree Grove
Figure 1.2.60 Massage Room.
Figure 1.2.61 Private Treatment Room
Figure 1.2.62 Four Seasons Langkawi Villa
Figure 1.2.63 Four Seasons Langkawi Reflecting Pond
Figure 1.2.64 Four Seasons Langkawi Yoga Pavilion
Figure 1.2.65 Beach Villa Floor Plan
Figure 1.2.66 Beach Villa Outdoor Bathroom
Chapter 1.3
Figure 1.3.1 Methodology Framework.
Figure 1.3.2 Siargao Tourist Arrivals Report 2018-July 2021
Chapter 1.4
Figure 1.4.0 Nationality
Figure 1.4.1 Age groups
Figure 1.4.2 Emotional Problems experienced by the respondents
Figure 1.4.3 Results of the way of coping of the respondents on how to overcome emotional
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problems.
Figure 1.4.4 Reasons why they did not choose to go to the hospital/clinic
Figure 1.4.5 Type of Resort Preference
Figure 1.4.6 Checklist of Biophilic Design Features for the resort
Figure 1.4.7 Hotel room view preference
Figure 1.4.8 Bathroom preference
Figure 1.4.9 Aromatic plants presence
Figure 1.4.10 Hotel corridor preference
Figure 1.4.11 Hotel lobby preference
Figure 1.4.12 Lighting preference
Figure 1.4.13 The effects of nature towards the emotions
Figure 1.4.14 Usual complaints when regarding resort facilities
Figure 1.4.15 Wellness activities ranking
Figure 1.4.16 Resort stay preference
Figure 1.4.17 Tourists’ interest to visit Siargao
Figure 1.4.18 Interviewee 1.
Figure 1.4.19 Interviewee 2
Figure 1.4.21 Primary Case Study Chart.
Figure 1.4.22 Nay Palad Hideaway Siargao
Figure 1.4.23 The Perlah Villa
Figure 1.4.24 The Perlah Villa Floor Plan
Figure 1.4.25 The Deluxe Villa
Figure 1.4.26 The Superior Villa
Figure 1.4.27 The Superior Family Villa
Figure 1.4.28 Spa Cottage
Figure 1.4.29 Yoga Pagoda
Figure 1.4.30 Fitness Gym
Figure 1.4.31 Kayaking at Nay Palad
Figure 1.4.32 Infinity Pool
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Figure 1.4.33 Bonfire Lounge
Figure 1.4.34 Movie Nights
Figure 1.4.35 Culinary at Nay Palad
Figure 1.4.36 Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa
Figure 1.4.37 Siargao Bleu Floating Cottage
Figure 1.4.38 Garden Deluxe Room
Figure 1.4.39 Terrace Room
Figure 1.4.40 Spa Offers
Figure 1.4.41 Kermit Surf Resort
Figure 1.4.42 Lokal Cottage
Figure 1.4.43 Native AC Bungalow
Figure 1.4.44 Deluxe Rooms
Figure 1.4.45 Basic AC Rooms
Figure 1.4.46 Yoga at Kermit
Figure 1.4.47 Kermit Restaurant
Figure 1.4.48 Kermit Pizza Station
Figure 1.4.49 Secondary Case Studies Chart
Figure 1.4.50 Amezcua Reception.
Figure 1.4.51 Amezcua Massage Area
Figure 1.4.52 Hilot Massage
Figure 1.4.53 Yoga Lessons
Figure 1.4.54 Basement Plan – AWC
Figure 1.4.55 Ground Floor Plan – AWC
Figure 1.4.56 Third Floor Plan – AWC
Figure 1.4.57 Fourth Floor Plan – AWC
Figure 1.4.58 Penthouse – AWC
Figure 1.4.59 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering
Figure 1.4.60 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering Elevation
Figure 1.4.61 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering Typical Plan
Figure 1.4.62 Graph of Therapeutic Activities
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Figure 1.4.63 Siargao Resort Trends
Figure 1.4.64 Conventional Psychotherapy Process
Figure 1.4.65 Wellness Center Process
Figure 1.4.66 Hotel Resort Process
Figure 1.4.67 Proposed Therapeutic Resort Process
Figure 1.4.68 Global Negative Experience Index
Figure 1.4.69 Stress Prevalence in the Philippines
Figure 1.4.70 Emotional Related Problems by the respondents
Figure 1.4.71 Respondents’ way of coping with emotional related problems
Figure 1.4.72 Reasons why the respondents did not prefer to go to the hospitals
Figure 1.4.73 Resort preference of respondents
Figure 1.4.74 Share of TDGVA to GDP 2008-2020
Figure 1.4.75 Share of tourism employment to total employment (2008-2020)
Figure 1.4.76 Projected additional room demand for Mindanao
Figure 1.4.77 Employee to Room Ratio
Chapter 2.1
Chapter 2.2
Figure 2.2.1 Bioswale Benefits
Figure 2.2.2 Bioswale Diagram
Figure 2.2.3 Therapeutic Flooring Benefits
Chapter 3.1
Figure 3.1.1 Site Selection Criteria
Figure 3.1.2 Site Options Map.
Figure 3.1.3 Pilar Tourist Attractions Map
Figure 3.1.4 Paghungawan Marsh.
Figure 3.1.5 Magpopongko Rock Pool.
Figure 3.1.6 Site 1 on map.
Figure 3.1.7 Shore condition of Site 1.
Figure 3.1.8 Seaview from Site 1.
Figure 3.1.9 Lot Plan of Site 1.
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Figure 3.1.10 Tourist Attraction Map of Site 2.
Figure 3.1.11 Naked Island.
Figure 3.1.12 Maasin River Swing.
Figure 3.1.13 Site 2 on Map.
Figure 3.1.14 Site 2 Shore Condition.
Figure 3.1.15 Site 2 Vegetation
Figure 3.1.16 Site 2 Lot Plan
Figure 3.1.17 Site 3 Tourist Attractions Map.
Figure 3.1.18 Taktak Waterfalls.
Figure 3.1.19 Alegria Beach.
Figure 3.1.20 Danjug Cave Nature Park.
Figure 3.1.21 Hagukan Diving Zone.
Figure 3.1.23 Site 3 Shore Condition
Figure 3.1.24 Site 3 Vegetation
Figure 3.1.25 Site 3 Lot Plan.
Chapter 3.2
Figure 3.2.1 Surigao del Norte Provincial Map.
Figure 3.2.2 Surigao del Norte Average Daily Sun hours per month.
Figure 3.2.3 Comparative Tourist Arrivals of Siargao Island. (2012 – 2019)
Figure 3.2.4 Transport Framework Map of Surigao del Norte.
Figure 3.2.5 Selected Site.
Figure 3.2.6 Sun and Wind Analysis.
Figure 3.2.7 Siargao Land Use Map
Figure 3.2.8 Flood Susceptibility Map.
Figure 3.2.9 Liquefaction Susceptibility Map.
Figure 3.2.10 Sea Level Rise Susceptibility Map.
Figure 3.2.11 Storm Surge Susceptibility Map.
Figure 3.2.12 Land Use Map
Figure 3.2.13 Setbacks for Beachfront
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Chapter 3.3
Figure 3.3.1 Scheme 1 with zones
Figure 3.3.2 Scheme 1 without zones
Figure 3.3.3 Scheme 1 Oriented
List of Tables
Chapter 1.1
Table 1.1.1 List of Most Stressed Countries 2018.
Chapter 1.2
Table 1.2.1 Percent Share of Tourism to GDP (2000-2019)
Table 1.2.2 Pool Size chart for Hydrotherapy
Table 1.2.3 Pump Room size chart for Hydrotherapy Pool
Table 1.2.4 The 8 Points of Biophilic Effect
Table 1.2.5 Effects of Visual Connection with Nature on Hotel Lobbies
Table 1.2.6 Effects of Prospect on Hotel Lobbies
Table 1.2.7 Effects of Material Connection with Nature on Hotel Lobbies.
Table 1.2.8 Effects of Lighting on Hotel Guest Rooms.
Table 1.2.9 Effects of Material Connection with Nature on Hotel Guest Rooms
Table 1.2.10 Effects of Refuge on Hotel Guest Rooms
Table 1.2.11 Effects of Non-Visual Connection with Nature on Wellness Spaces.
Table 1.2.12 Effects of Lighting on Wellness Spaces.
Table 1.2.13 Effects of Refuge on Wellness Spaces.
Table 1.2.14 Biophilic Design Patterns.
Table 1.2.15 Biophilic Design Patterns and its effects.
Table 1.2.17 Six Elements of Biophilic Design
Table 1.2.18 Spa Design Tips
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Table 1.2.19 Design Guide for Hotels. (Front of the House).
Table 1.2.20 Design Guide for Hotels (Back of the House)
Table 1.2.21 Space Programming Five Star Hotel
Table 1.2.22 Slope Classification – Siargao Island.
Table 1.2.23 Land Classification – Siargao Island.
Table 1.2.24 Major Tourism Attractions in Siargao.
Table 1.2.25 Terrestrial Management Zone, Siargao
Table 1.2.26 Ref. Guide to Coastal Legislation and Management, Philippines
Table 1.2.27 Guide for the classification of natural resources in zones of impacts
Table 1.2.28 Programs by The Farm at San Benito.
Table 1.2.29 The Farm at San Benito Villas
Chapter 1.3
Table 1.3.1 Respondents’ Nationalities
Chapter 1.4
Table 1.4.1 The Perlah Villa Room Inventory
Table 1.4.2 The Deluxe Villa Room Inventory
Table 1.4.3 The Superior Villa Room Inventory
Table 1.4.4 The Superior Family Villa Room Inventory
Table 1.4.5 Floating Cottages Inventory
Table 1.4.6 Garden Deluxe Room Inventory
Table 1.4.7 Terrace Room Inventory
Table 1.4.8 Lokal Cottage Information
Table 1.4.9 Native AC Bungalow Information
Table 1.4.10 Deluxe Room Information
Table 1.4.11 Basic AC Room Information
Table 1.4.12 Biophilic Presence at Parkroyal.
Table 1.4.13 Biophilic Elements and Patterns
Table 1.4.14 Biophilic Design Elements
Table 1.4.15 Environmental Features
Table 1.4.16 Natural Shapes and Forms
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Table 1.4.17 Natural Patterns and Processes
Table 1.4.18 Light and Spaces
Table 1.4.19 Place Based Relationships
Table 1.4.20 Evolved Human-Nature Relationships
Table 1.4.21 Biophilic Design Patterns/Elements
Table 1.4.22 Biophilic Design Pattern Health Impacts
Table 1.4.23 Survey Transcript
Table 1.4.24 Spaces for Therapeutic Activities
Table 1.4.25 Primary Case Studies Summary
Table 1.4.26 Interview Summary
Table 1.4.27 Siargao Resorts Evaluation
Table 1.4.28 Siargao Resorts Room and Employees
Table 1.4.29 Accommodation Capacity of all Regions in Mindanao
Table 1.4.30 Siargao resorts Employee to Room Ratio
Chapter 2.1
Chapter 2.2
Chapter 2.3
Chapter 3.1
Table 3.1.1 Shore Quality Rating System.
Table 3.1.2 Lot Size Rating System
Table 3.1.3 Orientation Rating System.
Table 3.1.4 Topography and Slope Rating System
Table 3.1.5 Lot Shape Rating System.
Table 3.1.6 Adjacent Roads Rating System.
Table 3.1.7 Proximity to Airport Rating System.
Table 3.1.8 Proximity to Major Tourist Attractions Rating System
Table 3.1.9 Availability of Water Rating System
Table 3.1.10 Availability of Electricity Rating System
Table 3.1.11 Availability of Communications Rating System.
Table 3.1.12 Availability of Drainage Rating System.
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Table 3.1.13 Flood Susceptibility Rating System.
Table 3.1.14 Liquefaction Susceptibility Rating System
Table 3.1.15 Sea Level Rise Susceptibility Rating System.
Table 3.1.16 Storm Surge Susceptibility Rating System
Table 3.1.17 Land Use Rating System.
Table 3.1.18 Site 1 Criteria
Table 3.1.19 Site 2 Criteria
Table 3.1.20 Site 3 Criteria.
Table 3.1.21 Site Comparison
Chapter 3.2
Table 3.2.1 Macroclimate of Surigao del Norte.
Table 3.2.2 Projected Monthly Mean Temperature for Surigao del Norte (2020 and 2050)
Table 3.2.3 Land Classification for Siargao Island.
Table 3.2.4 Development Thrusts of SIPLAS Municipalities.
Table 3.2.5 Siargao Island Tourist Arrivals.
Table 3.2.6 Major Tourism Attractions in Siargao Island.
Table 3.2.7 Population and Land Area Profile Surigao del Norte.
Table 3.2.8 Siargao Flora
Table 3.2.9 Siargao Fauna
Table 3.2.10 Surigao City Airport Flights
Table 3.2.11 Siargao Airport Flights
Table 3.2.12 Surigao City Seaport to Cebu Schedule of Trips
Table 3.2.13 Surigao City Seaport to Dinagat Island Schedule of Trips
Table 3.2.14 Surigao City Seaport to Dapa Schedule of Trips
Table 3.2.15 Dapa Seaport to Surigao City Schedule of Trips
Table 3.2.16 Santa Monica Development thrusts
Chapter 3.3
Table 3.3.1 Main Zone Space Programming
Table 3.3.2 Accommodation Zone Space Programming
Table 3.3.3 F&B Zone Space Programming
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Table 3.3.4 Recreation Zone Space Programming
Table 3.3.5 Wellness Zone Space Programming
Table 3.3.6 Therapeutic Zone Space Programming
Table 3.3.7 Utility and Support Zone Space Programming
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CHAPTER I
Chapter I.1 General Overview

Introduction
The Philippines is an archipelagic country made up of about 7,640 islands, approximately 2,000 of these
are inhabited. This country has a lot to offer intrepid travelers, from bustling cities to breathtaking
mountains and gorgeous beaches. (National Geographic, n.d.). Having the 5th largest coastline in the
world, the Philippines has a lot of tropical island destinations to choose from. One of its best, that has
been growing popularity in the recent years, is the Siargao Island.
Siargao Island
Located in the southeastern part of the Philippines, Siargao, is a tear drop shaped Island in the province of
Surigao Del Norte with a total land area of about 437 square kilometers. 39% of which is classified as
Alienable and Disposable Land, and 61% as Timberland/Forestland. (DENR, 2015). This island is known
as the “Surfing Capital of the Philippines”. In 2020, Siargao Island has been hailed as one of the Best
Islands in the World, particularly top 5 in Asia, according to Conde Nast Traveler, a New York based luxury
travel magazine. (Conde Nast, 2020). Clearly, this island is more than just surfing. It boasts it pristine white
beaches, scenic coconut woodlands, enchanting cave pools and lagoons, untouched nature, and small island
paradises; Guyam Island, Daku Island, and Naked Island. (M. Janssen, n.d.).
Figure 1.1.1 Conde Nast Article featuring Siargao Island.

Source: CN Traveller
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Guyam Island is a tiny island off the coast of General Luna, about 2 kilometers distant. It, along with Daku
Island and Naked Island, is included in island hopping trips. On Guyam Island, there are no homes or
people. It is a touristy island that only opens its doors to tourists during the day. (A. Teslaru, 2020).
Figure 1.1.2 Guyam Island, Siargao

Source: Daily Travel Pill
Daku Island is the largest of Siargao's three major island getaways. Crumbly white sand surrounds
magnificent clear seas in this undiscovered paradise. The island, unlike the well-known Naked Island, is
dotted with towering coconut trees. Daku Island, named after the Visayan word meaning "big," is not
overcrowded, with only a few households there. It has a distance of 4.3 kilometers from the mainland of
General Luna, Siargao. (K. Valdez, 2014).
Figure 1.1.3 Daku Island

Source: A Guide to the Philippines
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The term Naked Island comes from the fact that there is nothing on the island except a few shrubs. It's
surrounded by a pristine white sand island with crystal-clear water. This 200-metre long island shrinks
during high tide while other portions of the island fall a few feet below sea level, therefore travelers should
visit during low tide. The island is more ideal this time, like a clean haven where you can simply lie relax
and take the beach. (A. Reyes, 2015).
Figure 1.1.4 Naked Island

Source: A Guide to the Philippines
Aside from these 3 major islets, there are many breathtaking attractions that you can find in Siargao.
Another spectacular site on the island is just a short distance from Siargao's famed Cloud 9 surfing point.
Because of its ideally positioned palm tree that stretches out right over the river, the Maasin River palm
tree glider has lately become one of the most amazing tourist places on the island. (This World Travelled,
2021). A hidden paradise, Sohoton Cove, is a 60-hectare cove on Bucas Grande Island, roughly an hour's
boat trip from Dapa's port. Towering limestone hills filled with lush greenery and hardwood trees like the
magcono, fittingly named ironwood, frame a beach of white sand and small shells, creating an ideal
sanctuary. (Philippines Travel, 2018).
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Figure 1.1.5. Maasin River. Figure 1.1.6. Sohoton Cove.

Source: Guide to the Philippines Source: Traveloka
In 2021, the alluring island also made it to Vogue Paris’ list of top 10 islands for summer holidays. The
French magazine praised the island’s natural pools, and turquoise waters. (Vogue Paris, 2021).
Figure 1.1.7 Vogue Paris Article featuring Siargao Island.

Source: Vogue Paris. https://www.vogue.fr/lifestyle-en/article/6-reasons-to-visit-siargao-island-a-filipino-surfers-paradise
This island has also made it to Time Magazine’s list of “The World’s 100 Greatest Places of 2021”. The
list is a dedication to people and businesses that were able to "adapt, grow, and innovate" in the face of the
pandemic. (Time Magazine, 2021).
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Figure 1.1.8 Time Magazine Article featuring Siargao Island.

Source: https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2021/
Siargao Island has been capturing the hearts of the tourists for many years because of its welcoming vibe.
It gives the visitors a sweet glimpse of a simple island life. These factors contribute to the island’s potential
to be a wellness tourism destination in the Philippines. It makes it an ideal location for the proposed
therapeutic resort.
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Background of the Study
Wellness Tourism
Wellness tourism is one of the notable types of health tourism. This is the use of recognized wellness
services by clients from different parts of the world. These were designed to promote the physical, mental,
emotional, vocational, and intellectual well-being of people who were traveling outside of their own
country. The Philippines has shown a promising potential as a wellness tourism destination. It is one of the
twenty-five (25) Leading Growth Markets for Wellness Tourism Trips from 2015 to 2017 based on the
Global Wellness Tourism Economy Report. (Francisco, 2021).
Wellness tourism is a fast-expanding sector in which individuals travel to obtain health-related benefits
(Garcia-Altaes, 2005). In this sector of the tourism industry, solutions are created to satisfy the health-
related demands of visitors in order for travelers to rejuvenate and improve their quality of life. (Z.
Tuzungkan, 2018). Spas, massages, fitness courses, and body treatments (pampering), health gourmet
meals, exercise classes, and clinical treatments are among the tourism goods designed to attract visitors
looking for healthy activities. (Chen, Prebensen, & Huan, 2008).
Emotional Well-Being
Many travelers seek wellness tourism to improve their emotional well-being. Emotional health is a critical
component of health. It is a condition of well-being in which a person recognizes his or her own capacities,
capable of dealing with everyday challenges, works productively, and contributes to his or her society.
Emotional/Mental health is essential to our ability to think, react, communicate with others, make a living,
and enjoy life on an intellectual and physical level. On this basis, mental health promotion, protection, and
restoration might be considered a critical concern for individuals, communities, and societies globally.
(World Health Organization, 2018).
According to Gallup’s Global Emotions Report in 2019, there is a significant increase in negative
experience across the world. Worry, stress, pain, and anger were all at or near unprecedented levels this
year, compared to the prior year. However, the percentage of people globally who are unhappy climbed by
two points in 2019, compared to the previous year. (Gallup Inc., 2020).
Worry, tension, sorrow, and anger, which were already at or near record highs in 2019, continued to gather
speed and reached new records in 2020. Worry and sorrow each increased by one percentage point, anger
increased by two, and stress increased by five. The percentage of people worldwide who reported
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discomfort was the only index item to fall, falling two points after being stable for several years at 31
percent. (Gallup, 2021).
Figure 1.1.9 Negative Experience Index.

Source: Gallup World Poll.
Table 1.1.1 List of Most Stressed Countries 2018.

Source: Gallup World Poll.
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One of the common causes of Mental health problems is Stress. Stress is a body’s response to a challenge.
It is a condition or feeling of emotional and physical tension. (UK Mental Health Foundation, 2021). When
stress becomes too often and prolonged, the chances of mental health and medical problems rise. Prolonged
stress raises the potential of mental health issues like anxiety and depression, as well as substance abuse
issues, sleep issues, pain, and physical related ailments like muscular strain. It also raises the chance of
medical issues like headaches, gastrointestinal issues, a weaker immune system, infertility, high blood
pressure, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. (The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2021). Filipinos
are considered among the most stressed and most emotional populations globally in 2018. The Philippines
ranked 2nd on the list of most stressed countries around the world according to Gallup’s annual Global
Emotions report with a rate of 58%. (Gallup, 2018).
On the first quarter of 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has brought the Filipinos to endure major setbacks.
Many employees lost their jobs, businesses were forced to shut down, many were not able to go back to
their provinces, and majority of the Filipinos has been anxious on getting infected by the virus. These events
lead to contribution to the rising cases of emotional and mental distress. (World Health Organization-
Philippines, 2020).
The National Center for Mental Health of the Philippines has projected a drastic rise in monthly helpline
calls regarding depression from 80 calls before lockdown, rising to approximately 400. The most
susceptible group in the world are individuals aged 15 to 29. In this age range, mental health-related
fatalities are also the second greatest cause of death. These figures highlight the need for greater dialogues
and programs aimed at eradicating the stigma associated with mental illness. For fear of marginalization or
judgment, Filipinos are often hesitant to discuss their mental health issues. (World Health Organization-
Philippines, 2020).
Healing Environment
Our emotions play a big role in how we fight sickness. Of course, fiddling with our unique sensitivities is
not a replacement for medical treatment; rather, it aims to increase treatment efficacy by augmenting it with
natural healing processes. The proportional relevance of environmental variables increases considerably
with stress-induced and autoimmune illnesses. As a result, the healthcare sector is paying increasing
attention to traditional or "native" treatment processes that use the natural environment. (N. Salingaros,
2015).
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Biophilic Design
Biophilic design is the practice of designing for individuals as biological organisms, with a focus on mind-
body systems as measures of health and well-being within the framework of what is suitable and adaptive.
It aims to develop environments that are inspiring, therapeutic, and healthful, as well as integrating with
the place's functioning and the habitat to which it is used. (H. Saptorini, 2018).
Biophilic settings, both natural and artificial, have been shown to have a therapeutic impact on the human
body. Major health advantages are recorded in communities with street trees, for example. When a designer
creates biophilic design, the process of healing also has an effect on the designer's own health. The biophilic
impact occurs at the smallest, most personal scale, making the designer healthier as a result of the positive
reaction that occurs throughout the creative or generating process. (N. Salingaros, 2015).
This study suggests that Architecture can play a vital role in combating stress related problems across the
world and contribute to holistic healing through Biophilic Design – an approach that seeks to establish a
human-nature connection with numerous health and well-being benefits. (Oliver Heath Design, n.d.). This
approach will contribute to developing a better healing environment.
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Statement of the Problem
Despite high rates of emotional/psychological suffering, people across the world have a widespread
aversion and negative attitude towards going to clinics/hospitals for formal help-seeking. It may be due to
some factors. First, is the unwelcoming design of therapeutic setting. A researcher and architectural
design academic at the University of Melbourne, Australia, Dr Stephanie Liddicoat-Ocampo, stated that
“Room layout affects service user perceptions of psychological safety, intimacy, willingness to self-disclose,
to build therapeutic rapport, and to feel a sense of agency in the space. Poor layouts in the therapeutic
area can exacerbate feelings of otherness, mitigate development of agency, reduce communication, and
have poor service user outcomes and experience.” (N. Davies, 2018).
Another thing is the stigma. Self and societal stigma linked to mental illness, as well as fear of losing
face, humiliation, and adherence to Asian ideals of conformance to standards where mental illness is
regarded undesirable, have all hampered progress. The people's attitude of tenacity and self-reliance
sometimes prevents them from requesting assistance. Specialized mental health treatment is only used
as a last option or when issues grow severe. (Martinez, Co, Lau, & Brown, 2020).
When emotional issues develop and life's burdens become too much to bear, our initial instinct may be to
escape and go as far as possible from our troubles. As a result, embracing travel as a coping technique is
a popular method for everyone to flee any unpleasant feelings and ‘handle them afterwards' - but it
is never the most constructive or effective approach to cope with stress. (M. Pazzo, 2019).
Research Questions
This study is sought to answer the following questions:

1. How can Biophilic Design contribute to a better healing environment?
2. What are the activities, and spaces that will entice the people to undergo emotional healing?
3. What are the significant spaces in a therapeutic resort that will make traveling an effective way of
coping with stress related problems?
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Project Goals, Objectives, and Strategies
Project Goals
The goal of this project is to design a therapeutic resort that will introduce a redefined setting in health
and wellness improvement and will promote the health tourism industry in the Philippines. Another goal
of this project is to make the design of the proposed therapeutic resort complement the beauty of Siargao
island.
Research Objectives
1. To determine Biophilic Design elements that will make an improved and effective holistic
healing environment.
2. To determine the therapeutic resort spaces and activities that will contribute to an effective holistic
healing and entice the people to participate in.
3. To integrate therapy and tourism by presenting a new approach for a therapeutic resort.
Project Objectives
• To incorporate Biophilic Design to the resort spaces that will create a better healing environment.
• To design a therapeutic resort complex that will redefine the trend in health and wellness industry.
• To present resort spaces and features that will integrate therapy and leisure.
Strategies
• To find a location in Siargao Island that is suitable for leisure, without sacrificing the needed
considerations for therapeutic activities in a sense that there is a vibe of serenity and away from
crowded locations.
• To incorporate sustainability techniques to the resort’s design to minimize the environmental

impact (Bioswale, Composting Facility, Horticulture).
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Significance of the Study
The significance of this study ranges from the significance of wellness tourism in the country’s industry up
to its significance on the users. This study is directed to a proposal of a Therapeutic Resort Complex in
Siargao Island that will serve as a prime wellness tourism destination in the Philippines.
This study will expand the knowledge on how Biophilic design strategies can directly bring up the well-
being of both the tourists who seek wellness and relaxation, and the people who seek for emotional, and
even holistic healing. Researchers and planners may find this study as a reference to produce new theories
related to design.
One of the beneficial impacts of this research study is that it presents spaces and facilities that will open job
opportunities for the local townspeople of Siargao Island. This study will also contribute to the economy of
Siargao – in which tourism is a huge factor.
This research will introduce the integration of therapy and tourism through Architecture. It will present how
Architecture can develop an improved healing environment for emotional stress related conditions through
Biophilic Design elements. This study will also investigate the direct effects of Biophilic Design elements
in uplifting the health and well-being of the user of space. This study will provide data and better standards
to enhance the capability of implementing therapy in a resort.
Scope and Limitations
This study will span the integration of therapy in a resort. The sole intention of this integration is to utilize
the enchanting pristine environment of Siargao and link the Filipino hospitality culture and the holistic
wellness approach. This study will promote the benefits of holistic wellness and therapy and incorporate
with the concept of resort that will lead to a new variation in the design of a specialized resort. The design
will also serve as inspiration of what a paradise may provide in the given location, as it promotes tranquility
and harmony in both nature and humans. To further enhance its sustainable aspect, the resort will
employ sustainability techniques in response to various architectural obstacles, such as climate change,
without causing damage to the environment.
This study is limited to architectural aspects particularly designing, planning, and programming the
facilities will be prioritized for the betterment of the resort in order to have the greatest influence on the
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location’s economy. Limitations on the site will also be assessed, as the site should be compatible with the
proposed spaces that are included in the project. This thesis study and proposed therapeutic resort are
bounded and will be complying with the existing Philippine laws that are related to the project. Other
considerations will be limited only within Siargao Island.
Figure 1.1.10 Siargao Island Vicinity and Tourist Attractions.

Source: Siargao Car Rental.
Assumption
This study assumes that by integrating Health and Tourism with Biophilic Design, an improved healing
environment will be developed, and will create a new effective approach for holistic healing that will give
the users an enjoyable experience of rejuvenation.
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Conceptual Framework
Figure 1.1.11 Conceptual Framework.
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Definition of Terms
Biophilic - pertaining to, displaying, or being the human proclivity to connect with or be intimately
related with various kinds of life in nature
Biophilic Design - a design concept which refers to human to nature connection through various
principles that improve health and well-being.
Bioswale - features in the landscape that catch contaminated stormwater runoff, absorb it into the
earth, then filter it out.
Emotional Well-being - refers to the emotional state that a person is in.
Healing Environment – a setting that has comforting and therapeutic effect.
Holistic Healing – healing process through combination of medicine and alternative therapy.
Horticulture - is the science and art of developing, producing, selling, and using high-value,
intensively grown food and decorative plants.
Medical Travel - refers to persons who travel to another country for medical care.
Self-Stigma - unfavorable opinions about their own situation, including internalized shame.
Societal Stigma - societal views that are unfavorable and discriminating.
Stress – difficulty to adapt to emotional or mental pressure.
Therapeutic – a situation that helps you feel relaxed or feel better about things.
Therapeutic Resort - a type of resort that focuses on healing a certain difficulty/problem through
environment, and certain facilities that are non-conventional.
Traditional Psychological Facility – typical hospital/clinic that offers psychological services.
Wellness Tourism – travelling to enhance well-being and health conditions.
Acronyms
DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DOH – Department of Health
DOT – Department of Tourism
WHO – World Health Organization
PSA – Philippine Statistics Office
GDP – Gross Domestic Product
TDGVA – Tourism Direct Gross Value Added
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Chapter I.2 Review on Related Literature and Studies
Reviews of Related Literature
In this chapter, the reviews of related literature are divided into three main categories. The Tourism
Literature Review, The Health and Wellness Literature Review, and the Architectural Literature Review.
For the Tourism Literature Review, the researcher studies the state of Tourism in the Philippines, as well
as the Rise of Health and Wellness Tourism. For the Health and Wellness Literature Review, the researcher
studies the background and concept of wellness and holistic healing, as well as the approach and design
requirements of various therapeutic activities. For the Architectural Literature Review, the researcher
studies the space requirements for hotels, resorts, spas, and wellness retreat, as well as Biophilic Design
Patterns, its health and well-being impacts, and its design considerations.
Tourism Literature Review

Tourism Industry in the Philippines
Pre-Pandemic
The Philippines is an archipelago made up of 7,641 islands split into 81 provinces and 17 regions. The
nation is well-known for its abundant biodiversity, which serves as its primary tourist attraction. Its
beaches, historic cities and monuments, mountains, jungles, islands, and diving locations are among the
most popular tourist attractions in the country. One of the Philippines' attractions is the country's rich
historical and cultural legacy, which includes festivals and indigenous traditions. (Natural Resources and
Environment in Philippines, n.d.). In the past years, the Philippines has projected a significant growth in
tourist arrivals, having the highest number of 8,260,913 inbound visitor arrivals in 2019 with an increase
of 15.24%. (DOT, 2019).
Figure 1.2.1 Visitor Arrivals in the Philippines (2010-2019)

Source: Bureau of Immigration
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Figure 1.2.2 Monthly Visitor Arrivals in the Philippines (2018 vs 2019)

The main purpose of the visitors for visiting the Philippines include Holiday and Leisure, Business, and
Visiting Loved Ones. In terms of their reason in choosing to visit the Philippines, Warm Hospitality and
Beautiful Sceneries were the top answers.
Figure 1.2.3 Main Purpose of Visitors

Figure 1.2.4 Things liked most about the Philippines

Source: DOT, 2019
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In 2019, the contribution of Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA) to the Philippine economy as
measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is estimated at 12.7 percent. The TDGVA amounted to
PhP 2.48 trillion in 2019, higher by 10.8 percent compared to PhP 2.24 trillion in 2018. (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2020).

Source: PSA, 2020
The table below also shows that the share of TDGVA to GDP are continuously rising since 2008, with 2019
being the highest since 2001.
Table 1.2.1 Percent Share of Tourism to GDP (2000-2019)
Source: PTSA, 2020
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Among the forms of tourism, inbound tourism expenditure posted the highest growth in 2019 at 23.2
percent, followed by domestic tourism expenditure at 10.4 percent, and outbound tourism expenditure at
2.6 percent. In 2019, the main contributors to domestic tourism expenditure growth are Accommodation
Services for Visitors, Miscellaneous, and Country-specific Tourism Characteristic Services with 9.9
percent, 11.5 percent, and 9.7 percent growth, respectively. Both inbound and domestic tourism expenditure
grew in 2019. Inbound tourism expenditure, which refers to the expenditure of non-resident visitors (foreign
visitors and Filipinos permanently residing abroad) within the Philippines, increased by 23.2 percent in
2019, amounting to PhP 548.76 billion from PhP 445.58 billion in 2018. The share of inbound tourism
expenditure to the country’s total exports was 9.9 percent. Similarly, domestic tourism expenditure, which
covers expenditures of resident visitors within the country either as domestic trip or part of an international
trip, grew by 10.4 percent, from PhP 2.85 trillion in 2018 to PhP 3.14 trillion in 2019. Domestic tourism
expenditure represents 22.0 percent of the household final consumption expenditure. Annual growth in
employment in tourism characteristic industries increases further in 2019. Employment in tourism
characteristic industries was estimated at 5.71 million in 2019, higher by 6.5 percent compared to 5.36
million in the previous year. Share of employment in tourism industries to total employment in the country
was recorded at 13.5 percent.

Source: PSA, 2020
Pandemic
Total domestic tourist expenditure in the Philippines fell substantially in 2020 compared to the previous
year. Among all product categories, leisure and recreation services saw the greatest year-over-year drop of
around -87.4 percent to 24.14 billion Philippine pesos. Expenditure on tourist accommodations fell
dramatically that year as well. As a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic, the value of incoming
tourist expenditure in the Philippines is expected to plummet in 2020. Accommodation services for guests
were the most expensive that year, costing about 38 billion Philippine pesos. Travel agency and other
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reservation service expenditures, on the other hand, rose to about 710 million Philippine pesos owing to
travel suspensions. (Statistica, 2021).
In 2020, the contribution of Tourism Direct Gross Value Added (TDGVA) to the Philippine economy, as
measured by the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is estimated at 5.4 percent. The TDGVA amounted to
PhP 973.31 billion in 2020, lower by -61.2 percent compared with the PhP 2.51 trillion in 2019. (Philippine
Statistics Authority, 2021).

Source: PSA, 2021
All forms of tourism expenditures posted downturns in 2020: inbound tourism expenditure declined by -
77.9 percent, while domestic tourism expenditure by -82.3 percent, and outbound tourism expenditure by -
73.2 percent. Internal tourism expenditure, comprising inbound and domestic tourism expenditure,
decreased by -81.6 percent. Inbound tourist expenditures, which refers to non-resident visitor expenditure
(foreign visitors and Filipinos permanently residing abroad) within the Philippines, contributed 2.9 percent
to overall exports in 2020. Domestic tourism expenditure, on the other hand, which includes spending by
resident tourists within the country as a domestic trip or as part of an international trip, accounted for 4.1
percent of household final consumption expenditure. (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2021). Employment
in tourism characteristic industries declined in 2020. Employment in tourism characteristic industries was
estimated at 4.68 million in 2020, lower by -18.1 percent compared with 5.72 million in 2019. Share of
employment in tourism industries to total employment in the country was recorded at 11.9 percent.
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Source: PSA, 2021
Although previous statistics suggested that the Philippines' inbound tourist sector will perform well in the
next years, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on its performance in the last year. Despite
vaccination requirements, the country's borders remain restricted to foreign visitors, particularly those from
high-risk areas. In consequence, the industry's GDP share is anticipated to decline in the next years, with
pre-pandemic levels not expected to be recovered until 2025. (Statistica, 2021).
The Evolving Landscape of Domestic Travel in the Philippines: A study of travelers and
tourism enterprises amidst the pandemic
The term "New Normal" refers to the shifting way of doing things prior to the onset of the COVID-19
pandemic. Social distance, contract tracing, the usage of face masks and face shields, as well as other health
measures, have all become the standard. This translates to limited mobility and little human interaction for
individuals, which proves exceedingly difficult for the travel and tourist business. This phenomenon has
resulted in changing travel views, attitudes, and behavior on the part of both tourists and tourism businesses.
With this, a new landscape of domestic travel in the Philippines opens the door for a “Better Normal” to
emerge. (DOT, ALTCFT, GTTP, 2021).
Outdoor activities such as traveling to the beach, hiking, and bicycling are popular among travelers, with
“staycation” coming in second. Outdoors and well-ventilated locations are preferable over restricted spaces
or air-recirculation facilities. Travelers' favored locations include those that are already well-known in the
country. Coron, El Nido, Boracay, Batanes, Laoag, La Union, Batangas, Cebu, Surigao del Norte, and
Benguet are among the destinations included. The respondents' choice of activities gives an opportunity to
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expose unexplored places in the country through the creation of "travel circuits" and "jump-off points."
(DOT, ALTCFT, GTTP, 2021).
Siargao Island
South of Surigao del Norte, and 800 kilometers from Manila, Siargao is an island in the eastern Philippines
where the locals used to rely mostly on coconut plantations and fishing for a living. However, the value of
coconuts as a commodity is relatively low and diminishing fish supplies have made fishing an unreliable
source of revenue. Siargao fishermen have discovered that catches are smaller and less regular. According
to the Philippines Statistics Authority, fisheries production in the Philippines decreased to 4.35 million
metric tons in 2018 from 4.69 million metric tons in 2014.
Because of its gorgeous, unspoiled natural environment and the fact that it boasts the greatest, most famous
surf beach in the Philippines – Cloud Nine – some small-scale resort developers could envision Siargao as
a tourist destination. Airlines have seen the opportunity, and commercial aviation carriers like Cebu Pacific
Air were well-positioned to operate on it because they possessed ATR aircraft that could take off and land
on Siargao's 1400m-long airport runway. The Siargao air service has changed the local economy and fueled
economic growth. Locals on Siargao now have the choice of working in the island's expanding tourist
economy, which pays a higher and more secure wage. (ATR, 2021).
The Rise of Health Tourism Industry in the Philippines
Globally, Philippines is a well-known tourism destination due to its tropical climate, authentic beauty of its
environment, and its amazing culture. This reflects in its ranking United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO) wherein it ranked 44th in International Tourist Arrivals, 36th in International
Tourist Receipts and 29th in International Tourism Expenditure as of 2020.
The Philippines has demonstrated a bright future as a health tourism destination country (Francisco, Batara,
Nacario, 2021), despite the fact that the national health tourism program is still in its early stages of
development. In fact, it was placed 24th out of 46 nations in the 2020 Medical Tourism Index (MTI) survey.
It is one of the twenty-five (25) Leading Growth Markets for Wellness Tourism Vacations from the United
States based on the Global Wellness Tourism Economy Report from 2015 to 2017. Furthermore, the country
offers significant characteristics that the sector sees as possibilities to acquire a competitive edge over
regional competitors.
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The estimated revenue for both medical and wellness tourism in the Philippines reaches approximately 1.26
billion USD which corresponds to 1.27% of the country’s GDP in 2005. In 2006, it increased to 2.4% (1.69
billion USD) and 8% in 2007 (1.83 billion USD). 18.4% of tourism businesses in the Philippines are related
to health and wellness activities according to the 2014 Survey of Tourism Establishment in the Philippines
(STEP) of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). The Philippines will earn over 142 billion pesos as a
result of this. Health and wellness tourism businesses produce 45.3 billion pesos, accounting for about one-
third of the entire revenue generated by the industry. (Francisco, Batara, Nacario, 2021).
Figure 1.2.9 Percentage Distribution for all major tourism establishments in the Philippines.
Source: DOH, 2018
Figure 1.2.10 Percentage Distribution of Revenue Generated in Health and Wellness Establishments in the
Philippines
Source: DOH, 2018
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Health and Wellness Literature Review
Hydrotherapy
The term "hydrotherapy" is derived from the Greek word meaning "water healing." Hydrotherapy is used
by practitioners of occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and holistic healing to treat patients suffering from
pain and chronic illnesses. Water's therapeutic qualities were acknowledged in ancient Greek, Roman, and
Egyptian cultures, and were mentioned in ancient Japanese and Chinese literature. In contemporary times,
hydrotherapy originated as water physiotherapy, but it has expanded beyond this restricted definition in
recent years to include utilizing water for therapy, exercise, relaxation, and other purposes, both at home
and with the assistance of experts. Water is used in hydrotherapy to assist alleviate pain and other symptoms
associated with a variety of medical illnesses. It may use either hot or cold water, or a combination of the
two. Water therapy can be performed in pools, hot tubs, and Jacuzzis, including in unexpected locations
such as a Swiss shower, Scotch hose, or the beach. Hydrotherapy can include exercises and motions similar
to aquatic physiotherapy, but it can also incorporate mineral baths, underwater massage, or simply resting
in the weightlessness provided by water. (Jamie, 2019).
Every individual in a hydrotherapy pool must have at least 2.7 square meters of space. A home hydrotherapy
pool is unlikely to be utilized by just one individual. As a result, the smallest residential hydrotherapy pool
size is 5.4 square meters. That allows for two persons - one user and one therapist. (Godfrey, 2020).
Table 1.2.2 Pool Size chart for Hydrotherapy

Source: Innova Care Concepts
Your hydrotherapy pool, like a swimming pool, will necessitate a plant chamber nearby to hold all of the
equipment required to keep the pool in excellent working condition. Generally, this will include filters,
pumps, plate heat exchangers, a chemical dosing system, chemical day tanks, and control boards. (Hudson,
2018).
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Table 1.2.3 Pump Room size chart for Hydrotherapy Pool
Source: Innova Care Concepts
Water Aerobics
Water aerobics is a type of aerobic exercise that happens in pool and typically consists of a range of
activities. Although virtually everyone may engage in water aerobics, it is especially beneficial for those
with back problems, the elderly, or those with sensitive bone structures, as well as those who want to lose
weight without placing too much effort on their bodies. Water aerobics may assist virtually anybody due to
the way it strengthens your heart and lungs while conditioning the major muscle groups. This type of
exercise is very good to those who have weak bones, such as the elderly. Because the motions are repetitive
and conditioned by the water, the joints are subjected to far less stress. (Dedalus, 2019).
Yoga
Yoga is one of several alternative and integrative medical techniques. Yoga combines physical and mental
practices that can help you attain body and mind serenity. This might assist you in relaxing and managing
stress and anxiety. Yoga has been demonstrated in a number of studies to help decrease stress and anxiety.
Yoga can improve your mood and general well-being. Yoga may also help you manage your feelings of
despair and anxiety caused by adversity. (Mayo Clinic, 2018).
Main Room
This is the center space of the building where people congregate for practice, and it is typically
open, versatile, and adaptable to a variety of applications. We may use the usual proportions of a
yoga mat, which unfolds completely stretched in an area of roughly 1.70 x 60 meters, to calculate
its size. It is recommended that at least 50 cm of space be left between the mats to allow users
unrestricted mobility during the exercises. (Franco, 2016).
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Grounding
Stepping bare on dirt, grass, or sand is referred to as "earthing." So, in order to enjoy the given composition,
you may need to leave the pavement. Early research suggests that the health advantages emerge from the
interaction of our bodies with the electrons in the ground. The Earth has its own inherent charge, and when
we come into close contact with it, we tend to perform better. (Eliaz, 2020).
The effects of Grounding on Sleep, Stress, Pain, and Cortisol
Cortisol diurnal cycles were associated with changes in sleep, pain, and stress (anxiety, depression, and
irritability) in a pilot research. For eight weeks, twelve individuals with sleep problems, discomfort, and
tension were grounded in their own beds while sleeping on a conductive mattress topper. (Chevalier, et. al.,
2012).
Eleven of the twelve participants said they fell asleep faster and woke up less frequently at night.
Grounding during sleep appears to have a favorable impact on morning tiredness, afternoon energy, and
nocturnal discomfort. (Chevalier, et. al., 2012).
Figure 1.2.11 Cortisol Profile before grounding (a), and after grounding (b).
Source: Earthing: Health Implications of Reconnecting the Human Body to the Earth's Surface Electrons
The earth possesses a unique electrical power that provides vital force to everyone who walks barefoot on
it. According to science, going barefoot helps us absorb negative ions from the soil, and because of the
direct physical touch, it permits a large supply of electrons from the earth's surface, similar to what
Himalayan pink salt lamps do. Exposing oneself to soil and ground can be beneficial because strong
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microorganisms present in soil aid in the natural development of immunity. Microbes enter our bodies
through our skin and beneath our nails, where they feed the beneficial bacteria in our gut microflora, making
us stronger and healthier and increasing our immune system. Grounding can assist us in absorbing some of
the beneficial microorganisms. Another thing is, because of the uneven surface of our feet, walking barefoot
helps to stimulate numerous acupressure sites. This has the potential to benefit our entire body. (Coutinho,
2020).
Forest Bathing
Forest bathing is a strong antidote to the stresses of modern life, delivering long-term advantages to your
physical and emotional well-being while instilling in you a genuine connection to nature. Forest Bathing,
which originated in Japan and is also known as shinrin yoku, is an acknowledged element of Japanese
preventative health care due to the emotional, physical, and spiritual health advantages it provides. It is also
known as forest treatment, and it is based on thousands of years of intuitive understanding - we are part of
nature, and we have a strong need to experience that connection. Reduced tension and stress, enhanced
mood, greater focus, and increased creativity are just a few of the mental health benefits that Forest Bathing
may provide. A 2012 research in the United States found that a group who spent four days in nature,
unplugged from their technological gadgets, increased their creative problem solving by 50%. Forest
Bathing's contemplative nature removes the numerous distractions of contemporary life and frees your
mind. Forest bathing has several surprising physical advantages, such as reducing blood pressure,
strengthening your immune system, and aiding in the recovery from sickness and stress. A meta-analysis
published in 2016 found that the data provided ‘shows a substantial benefit of shinrin yoku on blood
pressure lowering.' Lowering your blood pressure maintains your heart healthy, reducing cardiovascular
issues including angina, strokes, and heart attacks. The forest's trees and plants release phytoncides, which
are similar to wood essential oils and have been shown to enhance the immune system. Forest bathing,
according to Qing Li, a Japanese scientist who has been doing shinrin yoku research for many years, boosts
NK, or Natural Killer cell activity in individuals, with at least some of this impact originating from
phytoncides. The benefits were observed to continue for around 30 days, and because these NK cells assist
to fight illness, the study concluded that regular Forest Bathing excursions may have a preventive influence
on disease development. (Forest Holidays, 2021).
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Wellness
The notion of wellness was promoted by John Travis, who created the first wellness center in California in
the 1970s, with the goal of training individuals to change their attitudes, habits, and lifestyle to promote
health rather than cure illnesses. Beyond inpatient assistance, the wellness sector includes nutritional
treatments, stress management, spiritual growth, and spas. It might be suggested that biomedicine helps
individuals survive whereas wellness treatments help people prosper. (M. Bright, 2002).
Holistic Movement
Jan Christiaan Smuts, a South African scientist, pioneered the idea of holism in 1926. The philosophy of
holism is a method that integrates humanistic, psychological, and/or systematic views. It arose as a reaction
to contemporary medicine's features that dehumanized the individual and confined the scope of the health
care interaction to a materialist viewpoint. The holistic paradigm promotes an integrated knowledge of
clients based on their life experiences, interpersonal connections, perception of health-care requirements,
and the role and meaning of health-care concerns within their value systems and life objectives. This
approach lays the groundwork for a client-centered, equitable collaboration between practitioner and client
that is, active client involvement in the healing process. The model considers the environment as well as
the interaction between humans and other kinds of life on Earth. (M. Bright, 2002).
Holistic Medicine
Holistic Medicine is a medical strategy that attempts to enhance a person's entire feeling of physiological
and emotional well-being rather than merely treating the symptoms of a disease. It takes care of the entire
individual - body, mind, and soul. This is accomplished by stressing the body's innate power to heal itself,
as well as advocating healthy lifestyle modifications and choosing natural treatments and therapies to
synthetically manufactured substances. Massage treatment, for example, is a popular type of alternative
medicine. Massage therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for a variety of modern-day health
problems, including chronic pain and general anxiety. (Wang, 2020).
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Architectural Literature Review
Biophilic Design
As stated by Saint-Gobain, Biophilic design is an architectural approach that seeks to connect the building
users closely to nature with the use of natural lighting and ventilation, landscape features, and other natural
aspects that makes the environment healthy for the people. Being able to look out into vistas is beneficial
to our eyes from a biological standpoint. The longer we stare at a view, the better our eyes can adapt and
refocus, resulting in reduced fatigue and headaches. This is why it is recommended that individuals take
regular breaks from their displays. On a scientific level, being able to view nature and the outdoors aids
with time perception and keeps us focused. When you are in a building with just artificial light and no
means of understanding what's going on outside, it's easy to lose track of time. (Saint-Gobain, et. al, 2016).
According to studies, views that include a variety of natural components and biodiversity have a greater
influence than merely having a view to the outdoors, thus thinking about ‘what does the view contain' is an
important factor to consider when planning and developing houses, schools, and businesses. (L. Thuillier,
2017).
The potential of architectural design to influence people's physiological and psychological states is an
extension of the biophilic connection to nature. The representation of this link through biophilic design in
architecture has occurred throughout history, but now it is done intentionally and even acknowledged, while
expressing a subjective nature that attests to its deeply embedded character in individuals. Nature may be
reproduced by employing patterns, shapes, symbols, materials, and places that mimic nature while
generating comparable responses. (Abbas, Jawaid, 2017).
As individuals live in cities and go about their everyday lives away from nature, a need to connect with it
is ingrained in their genetic structure. (Rosenbaum, et al., 2018). Biophilia is a natural human urge to be
drawn to the natural and life-like characteristics of non-human environments. The incorporation of aspects
from the natural world into the constructed environment is known as biophilic design. However, biophilic
design also refers to a more complexly constructed environment in which additional components, such as
sound, water, and lighting, that resemble the natural world are included. (Kellert et al., 2008).
According to research in the field of psychology, individuals respond favourably to vegetation and
vegetative features in architecture in the context of the built environment. Furthermore, experimental
research in a variety of contexts, including hospitals, workplaces, schools, retail settings, urban settings,
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and hotels, demonstrates that green surroundings are favored over non-green environments. Green spaces
are said to have a restorative effect on humans, such as enhanced emotional stability, productivity, well-
being, and pleasant mood. (Adachi et al., 2000; Joye, 2011; Nieuwenhuis et al., 2014; Soderlund and
Newman, 2015; Rosenbaum et al., 2018). Previous study showed that biophilic features in design may
provide economic benefits, such as enhanced retail potential, in addition to personal benefits. (Soderlund
and Newman, 2015).
Biophilic Design on Tourism and Hospitality
According to Koru Architects, tourists travel for relaxation and adventure, not to destroy the natural
environment. The development of hotels and resorts has resulted to the degradation of local wildlife habitat
and displacement of locals. However, with the rise of Biophilic design on hotels and resorts, the said harm
will be opposed. According to Deloitte, a consulting firm, the number of travelers willing to spend on
ecofriendly travel has increased by a third in the last 10 years.
Resorts that maintain the bulk of the trees on their original site, as well as urban hotels that incorporate
greenery and natural features into their architecture, are excellent examples. Aside from creating an
aesthetically attractive area by using native plants, biophilic design also increases the human connection to
nature, which reduces stress and improves our well-being. (Francis & Jingmei, 2021).
According to a research conducted by Terrapin Bright Green in Human Spaces 2.0, visitors in biophilic
hotel lobbies were marginally more likely to be seen using the lobby actively or passively than guests in
standard hotel lobbies. In biophilic hotel lobbies, 36% of guests were seen actively or passively utilizing
the area, compared to 25% in standard hotel lobbies. In biophilic hotel lobbies, 71 percent of tenants were
actively using them, compared to 70 percent in standard hotel lobbies.
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Figure 1.2.12 Comparison Chart of Hotel Lobby Usage.

Source: Terrapin Bright Green.
Figure 1.2.13 Strength of Biophilic Patterns Across Hotel Amenities.

Source: Terrapin Bright Green.
The goal of hotel and resort construction is to blend into the environment and become part of the ecology.
The environmental context and localized architectural style dictate design process, height, orientation, and
volume in order to minimize visual effect and intrusion while utilizing natural approaches and enhancing
cultural assimilation and character, particularly at more critical areas. (International Union for Conservation
of Nature and Natural Resources, 2012).
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In the hospitality industry, the physical environment in which customers encounter it may have a significant
influence on their impressions of the service experience. The physical environment has a larger and more
substantial influence on brand passion, brand attachment, and self-brand connection, implying that hotel
companies should design their facilities and decorating with consumer symbolic values and deep emotional
attentions in mind to improve visitor experiences. (Hemsley, Brown and Alnawas, 2016).
By integrating images of nature, biophilic design may give guests the impression that they are on
vacation. Hotels may design places with trees and plants to make guests feel as though they are on a retreat
from contemporary life. Large windows may create a sense of gentle curiosity. Adding natural illumination
to a place through the use of wide windows may provide views of the dawn and sunset. Gardens and
historical pieces of nature offer a sense of immensity, making visitors feel as if they are in a whole different
world. The way visitors interact in a natural atmosphere creates a sense of compatibility. Natural settings
relax guests and satisfy their demand for nature, enhancing their compatibility with the place. If visitors
encounter pleasant cues in the biophilic environment, they are more likely to link the location where they
are staying with good feelings, quality perception, a favorable attitude, and behavioral reactions. As a result,
it is suggested that biophilic design promotes more favorable emotional and behavioral reactions than non-
biophilic design. (Lee, 2019).
The Healing Power of Nature
From basic hunting and gathering hundreds of thousands of years ago to more contemporary hobbies such
as hiking, bicycling, or camping, humans have always had a relationship with nature. Various studies have
demonstrated the impact of nature on human emotions over time. Nancy Wells, an environmental
psychologist at Cornell University, looked at the impact of access to outdoors on children in grades three
through five in one research. Dr. Wells found substantial changes in the children's reactions to stress and
hardship based on the number of houseplants, the amount of outside greenery visible from inside, and the
kind of yard. Nature not only offers us with emotional and soothing benefits, but it also has a healing
potential. Hippocrates, a Greek philosopher who lived between 460 and 370 BC, thought that physicians
were just slaves of nature. They came to the conclusion that the body is powerful and capable of returning
itself to natural health based on diagnostic signals and observations of ill individuals. A research on
gallbladder therapy was done some years ago, and the results were shocking. Patients with views of the
natural environment healed quicker than those without, while receiving the same therapy. Human
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nature necessitates a connection to the natural world, which is essential for maintaining a healthy physical,
mental, and social balance. (Meyer, 2010).
The physiological system must be challenged on a regular basis, but only to the extent that the body remains
resilient and adaptable. Design can mitigate physiological reactions to external stresses, allowing for the
replenishment of physical resources before major incidents occur. (Steg, 2007). Substantial or consistent
relationships with environment can give opportunities for mental healing, allowing our higher cognitive
functions to take a break. As a result, we have a higher capability for doing concentrated activities than
someone who has exhausted their cognitive resources. (Terrapin Bright Green, 2014).
Significantly, beneficial benefits associated with nature encounters are now being demonstrated to include
abstracted or conceptualized components reminiscent of genuine nature — rather than visuals exactly
mimicking wilderness environments. Consider the findings of Brown et al. (2013), who separated specific
visual characteristics of a scene and tested their stress-reduction abilities. They discovered that views of
nature had a beneficial impact on the healing process after a stressor, which they attributed in part to a
neurophysiological reaction to the color green. Green is also often used to represent the activation of the
emotional response system known as the ‘soothing’ or ‘calming’ system in contemporary third-wave
clinical psychotherapies such as Compassion Focused Therapy, as outlined by Gilbert. (Williams, et. al.,
2021).
The figure below clearly depicts the important interaction between humans and the natural environment, as
well as the structures and building envelopes that disrupt this link. Natural elements, like as sunshine, must
pass via liminal areas, building skins, public to private spaces, and finally sensory receptors. This, in turn,
has an impact on our physiology, emotions, psychological disposition, and, eventually, our physical
state. (R. Mazuch, 2017).
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Figure 1.2.14 Nature Nurtures, Macro to Micro.

Source: IBI Group, 2016.
Biophilia Healing Environments
Biophilic design considers the inclusive, "bottom-up" processes that are required to maintain human health.
When decoration is consistent with the rest of a structure, it aids in the connection of individuals to their
surroundings and produces a pleasant, healing experience for those who interact with structures viscerally
rather than intellectually. People might receive emotional support from their surroundings in a healing
atmosphere. It allows people to walk around and engage without thinking about it, allowing them to merge
their lives with the lives of others. Healing quality is occasionally determined by biophilia — human beings'
innate affinity to living things — but it is more typically determined by interactions among humans, as well
as between people or groups and the built environment. Our sensory perception of space is shaped by the
geometry of man-made buildings that may not always reflect or correspond to biological form. (N.
Salingaros, 2015).
The five cardinal sensory receptors have been the focus of most research on sense-sensitive healing
environments: sight (color, natural light, art, vistas); hearing (pleasant or unpleasant noises); touch
(temperature, texture, humidity, pain); smell and taste (pleasant or unpleasant). (R. Mazuch, 2017).
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The following are the key elements that contribute to the biophilic impact that humans perceive. Our need
for natural light is correctly referred to as "Photo philia" and our desire for natural settings as "topophilia".
Nonetheless, all these physiological reactions should be considered when discussing biophilia. (Mehaffy &
Salingaros, 2015; Ryan, 2014).
Table 1.2.4 The 8 Points of Biophilic Effect
Light Our eyes and skin are the two organs that require sunlight. Sunlight on the skin and eyes
regulates our circadian rhythms (our instinctive sense of time, or "internal clocks"), which
governs our sleep cycle via melatonin release. Our bodies become persistently tired and
unable to operate when our sleep patterns are disrupted, our bodies are exhausted and unable
to operate correctly. We need sunlight to re-energize them.
Color Color perception is one of our senses that is directly linked to our emotions (including
receptors in our eyes and processing pathways in our brain). Natural light, which varies in
hue from red to orange to blue depending on the time of day, allowed humans to evolve.
Gravity Architecture and theater sets employ forced perspective, in which the scale is purposefully
reduced as your sight climbs. This enlarged viewpoint reduces stress by assuring our bodies
of the gravitational equilibrium around us. Its imbalances, on the other hand, produce anxiety
and even nausea.
Fractals Because our bodies share fractal patterns with other animals and plants, we identify and
respond positively to them. This resemblance connects us cognitively to structures that share
geometrical principles. On the other side, humans have a negative reaction to non-fractal
structures. Smooth or gleaming items, as well as their surroundings, cause anxiety.
Curves Fractal or curved shapes, or a mix of both, can be seen in nature. In nature, we do not
anticipate straight lines or right angles. We get emotional pleasure from curves that have a
natural equilibrium through symmetry because our brain reaction mechanisms are hard-wired.
Curves in the surroundings that are imbalanced in terms of gravity, on the other hand, might
be disturbing.
Detail Small details predispose us to focus on meaningful responses to other people's lives. We
translate our proclivity for paying attention to minute things to the constructed world. When
we see architectural features that are entirely devoid of detail or contain detail that is
irregularly textured, disordered, and psychologically unreadable, we feel cut off from this
process.
Water The presence of water could heal. Humans enjoy seeing water, and even more, hearing and
feeling it. Perhaps the need to be near water is a comfort that we have sufficient drinkable
water, as we cannot exist without it.
Life We are nourished by direct and close interaction with biological things. This is the most
straightforward interpretation of biophilia. We yearn for the company of plants, animals, and
other people.
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Biophilic Hotel Lobbies
Table 1.2.5 Effects of Visual Connection with Nature on Hotel Lobbies.
Source: Human Spaces 2.0:Biophilic Design in Hospitality by Bill Browning.(2015)
Table 1.2.6 Effects of Prospect on Hotel Lobbies.

Source: Human Spaces 2.0:Biophilic Design in Hospitality by Bill Browning. (2015)
Table 1.2.7 Effects of Material Connection with Nature on Hotel Lobbies.

Source: Human Spaces 2.0:Biophilic Design in Hospitality by Bill Browning.
The atmosphere in a hotel lobby sets the tone for the whole stay. It's an initial impression of the service
being provided to guests. Hotels that want to provide a sense of retreat, comfort, or sociability will utilize
biophilic design instinctively or consciously to do so. When properly applied, evidence in neuroscience and
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environmental psychology shows that a biophilic design process may successfully relieve stress, among
other health advantages. (Terrapin Bright Green, 2015).
Biophilic Hotel Guest Rooms

Table 1.2.8 Effects of Lighting on Hotel Guest Rooms.
Table 1.2.9 Effects of Material Connection with Nature on Hotel Guest Rooms.
Table 1.2.10 Effects of Refuge on Hotel Guest Rooms.

Hotels that want to create a sense of flee, coziness, or linkage to the local culture and ecosystem would be
using biophilic design instinctively or consciously to do so; this is especially true of contemporary resorts,
where the guest room is often designed to support various functions further than sleep, such as in-room
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business, tranquility and revival, dining, and entertainment. Exterior vistas and good lighting play an
essential part in creating a biophilic encounter in this sort of guest room, which is likely to have a positive
influence on the guest's wellness. (Terrapin Bright Green, 2015).
Biophilic Spas and Wellness

Table 1.2.11 Effects of Non-Visual Connection with Nature on Wellness Spaces.
Table 1.2.12 Effects of Lighting on Wellness Spaces.

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Table 1.2.13 Effects of Refuge on Wellness Spaces.
People visit spas to relax and unwind. The spa visitor experience might include aesthetics as well as a
holistic health and beauty program that stimulates the five senses while also highlighting native culture.
Aromatherapy, water, and natural noises and materials, along with the goal of cleansing, de-stressing,
invigorating, and rebalancing the body, make biophilia an intrinsic idea for spas, although the design
methods aren't always maximized. (Terrapin Bright Green, 2015).
Biophilic Design Patterns

Browning et al. proposed the '14 Patterns of Biophilic Design' as a framework for relating human biological
science and nature to the design of the built environment, providing tools for understanding design
opportunities and avenues for design applications as a way to effectively improve health and well-being for
individuals and society. These Patterns, in effect, provide a set of tools for understanding design potential
as well as pathways for design applications that may improve individual and society health and well-being.
(Browning et al., 2014).
Table 1.2.14 Biophilic Design Patterns.
Reference: Terrapin Bright Green, 2014.
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Source: The 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design by Terrapin Bright Green, 2014.

Source: The 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design by Terrapin Bright Green, 2014.
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The Elements of Biophilic Design
According to Stephen Kellert, the Biophilic Design is divided into two basic dimensions: the Organic or
Naturalistic Dimension, which refers to the shapes and forms that reflect the human affinity for nature, and
the Place Based or Vernacular Dimension, which refers to the buildings and landscapes that connect to
culture and ecology of the location. These two basic dimensions are related into six Biophilic Design
elements. (Kellert, 2008).
Table 1.2.17 Six Elements of Biophilic Design
A. Environmental Features
This entails incorporating generally well-organized natural world features into the built
environment including Color, Water, Air, Sunlight, Plants, Animals, Natural materials, Views
and vistas, Façade greening, Geology and Landscape, Habitats and ecosystems, and Fire.
(Kellert, 2008).
B. Natural Shapes and Forms

This aspect comprises natural world representations and simulations, which are frequently
encountered on building facades and within interiors. This involves 11 attritubutes including
Botanical motifs, Tree and columnar supports, Animal motifs, Shell and spirals, Egg oval and
tubular forms, Arches, vaults, and domes, Shapes resisting straight lines and right angles,
Simulation of natural features, Biomorphy, Geomorphology, and Biomimicry. (Kellert, 2008).
C. Natural Patterns and Processes

This aspect stresses the inclusion of natural qualities into the constructed environment, as
opposed to the depiction or simulation of environmental shapes and forms. This involves 15
attributes including Sensory variability, Information richness, Age, change, and patina of time,
Growth and effloresence, Central focal point, Patterned wholes, Bounded spaces, Transitional
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spaces, Linked series and chains, Integration of parts to wholes, Complementary contrasts,
Dynamic balance and tension, Fractals, and Heirarchically organized ratio and scales.
D. Light and Space

This element's design features are as follows, with seven focused on light qualities and five
focusing on spatial connections: Natural light, Filtered and diffused light, Light and shadow,
Reflected light, Light pools, Warm light, Light as shape and form, Spaciousness, Spatial
variability, Space as shape and form, Spatial harmony, and Inside-outside spaces. (Kellert,
2008).
E. Place Based Relationships

In a geographical sense, this factor alludes to the effective union of culture and nature. The link
of individuals to places indicates an innate human urge to create territorial, control, which has
enabled control of resources, gaining safety, and achieving security during the lengthy period
of our species' existence. Most people still have a strong desire for locational familiarity, or a
sense of belonging. This element's eleven qualities are described, with the final being the
antithesis of the others rather than a stand-alone attribute. These are: Geographic connection
to place, Historic connection to place, Ecological connection to place, Cultural connection to
place, Indigenous materials, Landscape orientation, Landscape features that define building
form, Landscape ecology, Integration of culture and ecology, Spirit of place, and Avoiding
placelessness. (Kellert, 2008).
F. Evolved Human-Nature Relationships

This element's term is a little deceptive. Since all of the biophilic design components outlined
probably reflect physiologically grounded human preferences for the natural environment The
characteristics presented in this part, on the other hand, are more focused on fundamental
features of the intrinsic human relationship to nature. There are 12 qualities listed, the final
eight of which are taken from an environmental value typology. These are: Prospect and
refuge, Order and complexity, Curiosity and enticement, Change and metamorphosis, Security
and protection, Mastery and control, Affection and attachment, Attraction and beauty,
Exploration and discovery, Information and cognition, Fear and awe, and Reverence and
spirituality. (Kellert, 2008).
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Wellness Retreat Spaces

Encounters with the building design impact basic human behaviours; hence, places that encourage and
reward lifestyle habits will help people continue on their path to a better existence. We can enhance the
health of the users of the places if we can modify their behaviours and, as a result, the choices they make
using features of architectural design. (C. Meyer, 2010).
Figure 1.2.15 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Main Facility

Source: Complete Healing by C. Meyer, 2010.
Figure 1.2.16 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Treatment Spaces

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Figure 1.2.17 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Fitness Spaces

Figure 1.2.18 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Staff Spaces

Figure 1.2.19 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Offices

Figure 1.2.20 Wellness Retreat Spaces – Living Spaces

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Designing for Spas
Going to the spa is one of the most popular ways for men and women to unwind and de-stress from their
daily routines, and jobs. These therapeutic spas may enhance not only the outward body but also the interior
body, such as blood flow to the muscles and stress reduction. The term "spa" is said to be originated from
the Walloon word "espa," which means "fountain." This was derived from the name of the Belgian town
Spa, where a therapeutic, thermal spring was found in the 14th century. Spa might be derived from the Latin
word “spagere” (to distribute, sprinkle, or dampen) or from the Latin phrase “sanitas per aquas” (to clean
with water) (health through water). The word spa is linked with water treatment, also referred as
balneotherapy, as per Wikipedia. Bathing in hot springs and mineral waters has been practiced since before
the Babylonians and Greeks. (L. Miguel, 2013).
Design Parameters for Spa:
Figure 1.2.21 Locker/Changing/Vanity Area

Source: Spa Design by Mitrea, 2014.
Figure 1.2.22 Locker Room/Wet Area

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Table 1.2.18 Spa Design Tips
The Components of Spa Facility
Figure 1.2.23 The Components of Spa Facility

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Figure 1.2.24 Design for Beauty Services in Spa.

Figure 1.2.25 Design for Facial Rooms.

Figure 1.2.26 Design for Massage Therapy Rooms.

Figure 1.2.27 Design for Spa Treatment Rooms.

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Figure 1.2.28 Design for Dry Treatment Rooms.

Designing Hotel Spaces

More than ever before, design should reflect the demands of the client, and the hotel business has
gotten a taste of this reality. The so-called leisure client is a modern sophisticated tourist who is
serviced to by hotels that emphasis on architecture and lifestyle. This expanding user demographic
is fascinated in art and design, is an early adopter of fashion, media, and technology, and has a
desire for high-quality or even luxury living. Many modern hotels have used a more consumer–
centric remodeling approach by adding design-oriented aspects to fulfill such expectations. (B.
Kim, J. Kim, & R. Holland, 2013).
Design Guidelines for Hotels:
Table 1.2.19 Design Guide for Hotels. (Front of the House).

Source: Fairmont Hotels and Resorts. AccorHotel Group.
Lobby and Circulation • Provide a porte cochere to protect the main lobby from weather and
appropriate spaces to assist arriving and departing guests. The
entrance design must give the guests an excellent first and last
impression.
• Luggage handling process should not interfere with guest
circulation at the entrance.
• The entrance lobby must be adjacent to the vehicle drop off and
connects directly to the main lobby.
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• Landscape planters must have enough drains, duplex outlets, and
hose points to ensure proper plant lighting and maintenance.
• There should be a direct access to service corridor leading to service
elevators and luggage storage to prevent crossing public spaces.
Functional Diagram: Lobby and Circulation.

Food and Beverage A. Lobby Lounge
• A guest waiting area for socializing must be provided.
B. Three – Meal Restaurant
• This facility will serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Extrerior views
from the dining area are desirable.
• This facility should be accessible from the main lobby and should
have a direct access to the main kitchen.
• Typical table mix for resort hotel restaurants:
- 50% of 2’s
- Two 6’s
- Remainder 4’s
• Provide vestibule with separate access doors to kitchen to minimize
sound and light transmission. Each door should have a minimum of
1.2m width.
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• Service stands (one for every 35 seats) must be provided at
locations not directly adjacent to a seating arrangement.
• Locate room lighting control, music control, and ceiling fan control
at a service stand out of guests’ sight.
C. Specialty Restaurant
• This restaurant should provide a special dining experience for the
guests.
• This facility should be accessible from the main lobby and linked
in to the main kitchen.
• It should be visible from the public circulation spaces.
• Exterior views from the dining area are desirable.
Functional Diagram: Food and Beverage.
Recreational Spaces A. Health Club Reception

• A reception must be provided and will serve as the main arrival and
control point for the recreational area.
• This reception area must be easily accessible by the guest.
• It should be adjacent to the swimming pool and visible from hotel
public circulation space.
B. Guest Lounge
• In this facility, the guests will relax and wait for their rooms to be
ready.
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C. Locker Rooms
• Should have a stand up grooming centre.
D. Massage Rooms
• These rooms should be equipped with concealed cove lighting with
independent dimmer switch and temperature thermostat.
• All walls should be soundproofed to achieve a rating of STC 54.
E. Herbal Wrap Rooms
• A storage/prep room is required.
F. Wet Treatment Rooms
• Interior walls should be finished with stone.
• All walls should be soundproofed to achieve a rating of STC 54.
G. Sauna Room
• Interiors should be finished throughout in selected cedar, including
the floor with three tiers of seating, each 0.6m wide.
• There should be a double glazed entry door with wooden handle
both sides and set to open out.
• Adjacent to the outside entry door will be the temperature control
and emergency buzzer.
H. Steam Room
• The walls and sloped ceiling of the steam room is to be constructed
in sand and cement plaster and finished with ceramic tiles.
• Floor and seating areas must have a non-slip stone finish.
• An open-out tempered glass entry door must be placed and beside
it is the temperature control and emergency buzzer.
I. Swimming Pools and Whirlpool
• Combination of lap pool, wadding pool, and whirlpool to be
considered in relation to specific program requirements.
• Access must avoid circulation through the main lobby.
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• Facilities must be adjacent to the health club to share staff and
locker facilities.
• Proximity to the guestroom elevator core is required.
• Access to sunny location and exterior view is important.
• The whirlpool must be exceptionally large and unusual in shape,
preferrably not circular.
• The plunge pool, swimming pool, and whirlpool should be finished
with non-slip ceramic tiles.
• The pool deck area design and paving finish are very important in
resorts. Adequate space must be provided for chaise lounges.
• Landscaping and changes in level are excellent way of designing.
• 50% of the pool deck area should be shaded – cabanas, trellis,
umbrellas.
• A minimum of 1 service cabana is required.
Guestroom Areas 1. Corridors and Circulation

• Provide a circulation corridor for guests and housekeeping at every
guestroom levels. Provide a lobby area in front of the passenger
elevators.
• Door to service areas must be recessed to prevent obstruction of
guest traffic flow.
• Corridor minimum width at 1.8m.
• Setback of guestroom doors at 0.3m.
2. Guestroom Support
• Self service, watercooled ice dispensing machine in enclosed room.
• House keeping, linen and mini bar storage.
• All guestroom support areas must be visually and acoustically
remote from the guestroom corridors. Ice dispensing and guest
laundry spaces to be located near the elevator core.
3. Standard Guestrooms
• The standard guestroom provides working, relaxing, and sleeping
areas in one module unit.
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• Orientation and planning of guestroom wings must be on desirable
views.
• 25% - 30% of resort guestrooms with connecting doors.
• Room connections should be approximately 90% king to
double/double and 10% king to king.
• Walls between guestrooms, public corridors, and elevator shafts to
have a sound rating of not less than 54db. (FSTC 54).
Figure 1.2.29 Typical Guestroom Layout.

Source: Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, AccorHotel Group.
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Table 1.2.20 Design Guide for Hotels (Back of the House)
Front Desk Support • Front Office Manager
• Rooms Division Manager
• Reservations Manager
• Reservations clerks
• Communications Room
• Cashier’s desk
• Guest Safety Deposit Box Room
• Security Office
• Fire and Elevator Control Room
• Luggage Storage
• Concierge Storage
• Bellmen’s Store
• Car Valet’s Room
• Parking Cashier
Executive Office, Administration, • General Manager
Accounting and Security • Resident Manager
• Assistant General Manager
• Secretarial
• Director of Food and Beverage
• Assistant Director of Food and Beverage
• Director of Catering
• Catering Coordinators
• Director of Sales and Marketing
• Assistant Director of Sales and Marketing
• Sales Representatives
• Public Relations Manager
• Boardroom
• Mail and Copy Room
• Beverage Counter
• Controller
• Head Cashier
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• Security Manager and Assistant
Human Resources • Reception and Secretary
• Director of HR
• Training Manager
• Meeting/training Room
• Library
• Interview Room
• Copy and Beverage Stations
• Files and Storage
Functional Diagram: Employee Facilities Layout

Housekeeping and Laundry • The laundry will be an on-site, full service facility
including dry cleaning.
• This laundry facility should be adjacent to the
housekeeping and service elevator core and should be
easily accessible from the main service corridor.
• Provide laundry linen chute to send linen directly from
guestroom floors to the laundry’s soil sort room.
- Linen chutes should have 0.8m diameter
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Functional Diagram: Typical Layout for Housekeeping and

Laundry.
Kitchen and Food Preparation • Provide kitchen space for hotel and function needs.
• A single main production kitchen is preferred but
could be subdivided into different preparation
kitchens when the restaurants and other functions
spaces are on different levels. The kitchen is to be
planned into specific separated areas:
- Receiving food and beverage goods
- Main Production
- Bakery
- Butcher shop
- Food preparation
- Garde manger
- Food pickup, beverage and service stations
- Pot and pan washing areas
- Trash rooms
- Chef’s office
- Assistant chef’s office
- Director of Food and Beverages Office
- Flower work shop
- Banquet kitchen
• The main kitchen should be adjacent to the restaurants
and should be lniked by generous service corridors.
• Provide separate internal circuation between the
different kitchen spaces.
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• Provide separate storage areas for dry, refrigerated and
frozen goods. (Approx. 40% of net kitchen area).
• Provide modular walk in freezers and refrigerators.
• All main storage areas to be close to the production
kitchen and located between the receiving dock and
the kitchen receiving space.
• A room service set up area must be provided for room
service orders.
- Allow space for orders, preparation and cart setup.
- This space should be part of the main kitchen,
separated from the main production line and
located close to service elevators.
Receiving and Purchasing • Loading dock is the main lifeline of the hotel and is
(Loading Area) where loading and unloading of hotel supplies, food,
furnishing, and other items take place.
• Truck access should be completely concealed from
guest view and hearing.
• Provide a minimum of two service bays and one
additional bay for the trash compactor.
• Overhead clearance for service bay at 4.3m
• Located near service elevator core and service
circulation areas and preferably close to the kitchen
dry and cold storage
Receiving and Purchasing (Offices) • Provide soace for purchasing functions and for
loading dock control office approx. 23 square meters.
• The purchasing offices should be located near the
loading dock with the control office adjacent to the
loading dock and linked to other back of the house
activities by the main service corridor.
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Figure 1.2.30 Typical Layout – Loading Dock Area.

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Sample Space Programming for a 5-star Hotel:
Table 1.2.21 Space Programming Five Star Hotel.
Source: Architectural Space Programming for a Five Star Hotel by Mark Gella Delfin, 2014.
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Siargao Islands Protected Landscapes and Seascapes Management Plan (SIPLAS)
The formation of protected areas in the Philippines was formalized when the Philippines Congress approved
the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act, also known as Republic Act (RA) 7586, in
1992. The Siargao Islands, which were previously designated as a wildlife sanctuary, are also used as an
initial element of the protected area (PA) system. Its selection as one of the ten priority PA sites for
conservation eventually led to its declaration on October 10, 1996 through Presidential Proclamation No.
902 as Siargao Islands Protected Landscapes and Seascapes (SIPLAS).
SIPLAS is distinguished by a distinct mix of terrestrial, wetland, and marine habitats. It has a total land
area of 278,914 hectares. The two major islands (Siargao and Bucas Grande) and the islets surrounding
them cover a total land area of 62,796 hectares. The other 216,118 hectares, accounting for 76% of SIPLAS,
are maritime regions.
Figure 1.2.31 SIPLAS Map

Source: SIPLAS Management Plan, DENR, 2015.
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Topography and Slope
The island's highest point is 283 meters above sea level (masl). Because external water flows are
channeled into underground channels, there is no substantial surface drainage system. The
topography ranges from gently undulating to steep. Almost 80% of the land has a slope of less than
8%. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Table 1.2.22 Slope Classification – Siargao Island.

Figure 1.2.32 Siargao Slope Map.

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Land Classification and Tenure

SIPLAS has roughly 24,337 hectares of alienable and disposable (A and D) lands, as well as
38,459 hectares of timberlands or forestlands. SIPLAS is made up of 132 barangays, 42 of which
are located inside forestlands. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Table 1.2.23 Land Classification – Siargao Island.

Health Services
Four district hospitals service the towns of SIPLAS. They may be found in Del Carmen, Pilar,
Dapa, and Socorro. There is a municipal hospital in Santa Monica. These hospitals have a
maximum capacity of 105 and a bed to patient ratios of 1:1,075 suggesting inadequate healthcare
service accommodation capacity. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Tourism
Because to the tropical environment, the islands have a significant tourism value. The area, notably
Gen. Luna municipality, is one of the greatest surfing locations in the country due to its location
and susceptibility to strong winds from the Pacific Ocean, which produce waves ranging from 6 to
12 feet. The massive limestone deposits in tiny island systems explain why SIPLAS has so many
white beaches. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Table 1.2.24 Major Tourism Attractions in Siargao.
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Terrestial Management Zone
Table 1.2.25 Terrestrial Management Zone, Siargao
Strict Protection Zone - This includes regions with high biodiversity value and will be off-limits to
all human activity save scientific research. As a result, this zone will be used solely for management
and preservation. This includes the remainder closed and open forests, including limestone,
ultramafic, and lowland forests, as well as wetlands; significant danger regions and large caves
classified as Class 1. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Figure 1.2.33 Management Prescriptions – Strict Protection Zone.

Multiple Use Zone - Settlements, traditional and/or sustainable land use, including agriculture,
agroforestry, extractive operations, and other income-generating or livelihood activities, are
permitted in accordance with the current management plan. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Figure 1.2.34 Management Prescriptions – Multiple Use Zone.
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Figure 1.2.35 Ecotourism Areas – Multiple Use Zone.

Figure 1.2.36 White Beaches – Multiple Use Zone.

Coastal Tourism
Coastal tourism conjures up pictures of seaside resorts with white sandy beaches surrounded with coconut
palm palms and crystal blue water. Coastal tourism involves two complicated systems. The tourist system
and the environmental system are both intertwined. The first is essentially a human system, while the latter
is mainly an environmental one. (Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the Philippines, 2002).
Figure 1.2.37 Illustrative Zoning and Resource Use Plan for Coastal Area and Municipal Waters.
Source: DENR
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Table 1.2.26 Ref. Guide to Coastal Legislation and Management, Philippines
Source: DENR
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Coastal Tourism Development
Coastal planning and development are frequently insufficiently methodical, resulting in
environmental degradation. To reverse this tendency, private developers and individuals must
take voluntary actions. As a consequence, the coastline zone's aesthetic and ecological features
will be preserved. (DOT, 1991).
Environmental zoning offers explicit guidelines for the selection of construction locations in
resort design. It depicts a basic system that functions as follows:
- Zones of effect are assigned to all recognized coastal resources, with zone 1 being the most
vulnerable to disturbances and zone 3 being the least vulnerable. This is used to detect and
define ecologically sensitive regions that will be used as a backdrop for the proposed
development.
- Coastal buffer zones, often known as "greenbelts," are classified as environmentally sensitive
regions.
Figure 1.2.38 Classification of Beach Resort Sites based on Coastal Features.

Source: Wong, 1990.
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Zone 1 will mostly consist of beaches, cliffs, rocky coastlines, coral reef flats, mangroves, and other
coastal features. When an area is designated as zone 1, various limitations on building location and
design are enforced in order to preserve the zone's buffer effect. (Sustainable Coastal Tourism
Handbook for the Philippines, 2002).
Figure 1.2.39 Zoning schemes used for minimizing resort impacts to sensitive areas.
Source: DENR, DOT
This strategy is responsible for maintaining a site's general environmental quality, which includes
things like biodiversity, drainage, water quality, slope stability, and natural vegetation. The zones
are divided into groups depending on factors including proximity to the sea or coral reefs, slope
grade, and the presence of coastal plants and fauna. For the growth of the region, certain limitations
can now be created and applied. To avoid grading and earthwork in these critical areas, no structures
should be allowed in zone 1, while those in zone 2 should be built on stilts or columns. Bigger
building structures can be located further away from the shore in zone 3. (Sustainable Coastal
Tourism Handbook for the Philippines, 2002).
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Table 1.2.27 Guide for the classification of natural resources in zones of impacts.
Source: DENR
Shoreline Setbacks
Coastal land is a scarce resource that may be used for a variety of purposes. Any coastal construction
must be constructed inland from the water's edge. Tourist resort amenities should be placed as far away
from the coast as feasible. The placement of these buildings along the beachfront takes up valuable real
estate, pollutes nearshore waterways due to higher surface runoff, and ultimately results in the loss of
the beach. A setback is a region that has been left unaltered physically. Setbacks are essential because
they allow pristine natural operations to continue unabated while also providing physical and visual
access to the shoreline. The objectives for setbacks are:
• Safeguarding lives and property from degradation and storm surge
• Reducing public expenditure in coastal protection
• Protecting and increasing the aesthetic value of coastal areas
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• Mitigating usage issues among many sorts of activity that occurs in the coastal zone
• Guaranteeing easy accessibility to and along the shore
• Keeping conformity between national and local laws and policies
Figure 1.2.40 Negative effects of not having a setback.

Source: REES, 1990.
Figure above depicts the required easement or setback dimensions under Philippine legislation, as
well as the language used to define coastal regions. The Water Code, or PD 1067, says that "the
banks of rivers and streams, as well as the coasts of oceans and lakes throughout their whole length
and within a zone of 3 m in metropolitan areas, along their edges, 20 m in agricultural areas and 40
m in forest areas are subject to public use easements for enjoyment, navigation, floatage, fishing,
and salvaging. No one shall be permitted to remain in this zone...or to construct any structures of
any kind.” Furthermore, PD 1198 mandates that damaged shoreline areas be restored to their former
condition. The DOT has defined a required setback or "easement zone" of 30 m from the shoreline
border of native vegetation for resort areas, as illustrated in Figure 2.31. (UNDP/WTO/DOT, 1991).
Figure 1.2.41 Coastal Shoreline Setback Required by Law in the Philippines.

Source: DENR, 2001.
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Figure 1.2.42 Setback along a beach front from edge of vegetation as stipulated by DOT.
Source: UNDP, WTO, DOT, 1991.
Although some tourism developers believe that setbacks reduce their establishment's attractiveness
to guests, there are numerous benefits to having setbacks in place. The property between building
and the sea in a resort or tourist region can be improved and used to attract guests. Many visitors
arrive from places where they have spent so long indoors to escape the cold, they prefer to spend
lots of time as possible outside when they visit the tropical region. The beach will always be
popular, but open, landscaped places away from the sea may be just as enticing in terms of offering
entertainment. Along with legal matters, design should be responsive to an area's characteristics. If
the building is visible from a significant site or structure, the recreational facility shall not be taller
than the site. The external design of the structure should also be in keeping with the style of
architecture of the location. A good rule of thumb for seaside resorts is to limit building height to
the level of the surrounding vegetation. Since many coastal locations in the Philippines and the
tropics are bordered with coconut trees, the height of the coconut has become a typical aesthetic
metric. The height of a structure is typically measured from the finished ground elevation to the
peak or tallest ridge of the roof surface. Another method of ecological design is to step structures
to reflect variations in the terrain of the site. (Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the
Philippines, 2002).
Figure 1.2.43 Staggered layout.

Source: BBIR, 1996.
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Landscaping Design
The tropics' coastal regions include fragile types of flora that give storm defense, home for birds
and animals, shelter from the heat, and a barrier to sea erosion pressures. The ideal approach to
vegetation removal and landscaping is to keep as much of the current vegetation as possible in site.
The removal of vegetation will cause loss of important topsoil, sedimentation and contamination
of nearby waterways, and a rise in project expenses. Furthermore, because huge trees might take
decades to develop, they should be regarded as an asset for the shade and aesthetic they give to the
landscape. (Sustainable Coastal Tourism Handbook for the Philippines, 2002).
Figure 1.2.44 Services provided by trees and vegetation that enhance the environmental and aesthetic quality of a coastal
tourism facility
Source: Packard & Kliment.
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Reviews of Related Projects
The Farm at San Benito, Batangas, Philippines
Trotterhop, (n.d.), stated that this luxury wellness resort in Batangas is surrounded by a lush garden making
it align with panoramic views of high-end resorts in Bali, Indonesia. The resort offers a wide range of
wellness facilities and activities good for tourists who want to nourish their senses and holistic wellness
ranging from holistic treatments up to healthy vegan cuisine. The surroundings of the resort create a serene
and peaceful atmosphere with peacock, hens and lizards roaming across the grounds.
Figure 1.2.45 Sulu Terraces. Figure 1.2.46 Outdoor Bathroom.

Source: The Sane Travel. Source: The Farm at San Benito.
Table 1.2.28 Programs by The Farm at San Benito.

HEALTH OPTIMIZATION EXECUTIVE HEALTH AESTHETIC
PROGRAMS PROGRAMS PROGRAMS
Immune Support Pain Management Beauty & Anti-Aging
Post COVID Recovery Mental Health Slimming
Holistic Detox Cleanse CELLULAR HEALTH Body Contouring
Radiation Detox PROGRAMS Dental Detox & Hygiene
Weight Management Male Revitalization Stress Reduction
Diabetes Prevention Female Revitalization UltraWellness/Prevention
Holistic Cancer Care Cellular Detoxification Anti-Inflammation
Yoga & Raw Food Retreat Natural Athletic Performance Hormone Regulation
Sleep Induction Therapy Enhancement Liver Health
Post Natal Care Immune Modulation Total Bio-hack
Fertility Program Body Composition Optimization Age-Defying
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Table 1.2.29 The Farm at San Benito Villas
Source: thefarmatsanbenito.com
Figure 1.2.47 The Farm at San Benito Map

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/301248662566414451/
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Badian Island Wellness Resort, Cebu, Philippines
Located at one of the most popular tropical destinations in the Philippines, this luxury wellness
resort complex uses ionized seawater for their pools to heal and revitalize the body. It offers natural spa
treatments, yoga sessions, and healthy eating practices.
Figure 1.2.48 Pool Area at Badian Island Wellness Resort. Figure 1.2.49 Aerial View of the Resort.
Source: TripAdvisor Source: HotelPlanner
Resort Offers:
• Thalasso Waterfalls and Pools with Ionized Seawater
• Warm Seaweed Bath
• Massage Treatments
• Healthy Meal Selections
Mandai Resort, Singapore
According to (K. Marchese, 2019), This ecofriendly resort featuring biophilic design aims to blur the
boundary between nature and living spaces. The pods/rooms are surrounded by breathtaking views of
rainforest. The resort is elevated several meters from the ground allowing native wildlife to move across
the site. The resort has natural ventilation, mixed mode air conditioning, and solar panels as it aims to be
the first super low energy of its kind in Singapore. The treehouses will feature passive displacement
ventilation, an approach that uses chilled water to cool air instead of air conditioning compressor units. The
resort aims for a “conscious stay” of guests, where they will be encouraged to reduce energy and water
consumption in their rooms, practice recycling, responsible disposal of food waste, and be respectful of the
surrounding flora and fauna.
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Figure 1.2.50 Mandai Resort Sectional Layout.

Source: WOW Architects
Figure 1.2.51 Mandai Resort Perspective. Figure 1.2.52 Mandai Resort Balcony.
Source: Bangkok Architects Source: WOW Architects
ParkRoyal Hotels Singapore
Terrapin Bright Green, (2017), wrote that the Parkroyal’s design aims to blur the line between outdoor and
indoor using biodiverse plantings on skygardens cantilevered at the façade of the structure, visible to the
hotel rooms. The E shape of the building allows the natural lighting to pass the rooms. Rainwater harvesting
system is also used for the hotel’s water features. The presence of biomorphic forms and patterns can also
be found at the hotel’s interior. The Parkroyal on Pickering is a conspicuous fusion of nature and
architecture and a subtle demonstration of environmentally sustainable urban design.
Designer specifically designed the bottom of the garden hotel and the border of the hanging gardens in the
architecture design area to create a similar to the rock concrete panel and verandas, as the originally vertical
increase on the building of the ups and downs of scattered at bizarre evolving feeling. The entire external
design creates a great visual and impact sensation for the viewer. (Nan, 2018).
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Other green building technologies and passive designs were employed in the construction of this structure.
To begin with, employing the automated detecting light feature lowers lighting energy usage. Second, a
rainwater collection and recycling system that can gather rainfall and utilize it to irrigate all of the building's
tropical plants. The hotel uses passive ventilation system for electricity consumption. Bird cages, calming
chairs, artificial ponds, artificial waterfalls, and other landscape features not only improved the visitors'
living experience, but also served as an air purifier and a nice view of the surroundings. (Nan, 2018).
Figure 1.2.53 ParkRoyal Marina Bay Lobby. Figure 1.2.54 ParkRoyal Marina Bay Bird Cage Lounge.
Source: SG Magazine. Source: SG Magazine.
From the time you traverse the Atrium Sky Bridge for a warm greeting at the reception to interacting in
the foyer overlooking the spectacular atrium gardens, you'll be immersed in a biophilic concept that
embraces nature.
Figure 1.2.55 Atrium Sky Bridge at ParkRoyal Marina Bay.

Source: SnapTaste
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Figure 1.2.56 Parkroyal Pickering Section.

Source: WOHA Architects
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Supertree Grove at Gardens by the Bay, Singapore
The Supertrees are artificially built tree-shaped structures with height ranging from 25 meters up
to 50 meters. They are installed with planting panels to hold the plants around the trunk composed of
bromeliads, orchids, ferns, and flowering climbers. These Supertrees are equipped with photovoltaic cells
that harvest solar energy to light them up at night, while others serve as air exhaust. It also features rainwater
harvesting system for irrigation use and fountain displays. (A. Ravinchandran, n.d.).
Figure 1.2.57 Supertrees. Figure 1.2.58 Walkway to Supertree Grove. Figure 1.2.59 Supertree Grove
Amezcua Wellness Center, Metro Manila, Philippines
The Amezcua Wellness Centre is a medi-spa that offers a wide range of wellness therapies, spa
treatments, and exercise activities aimed at improving quality of life in today's fast-paced world. The Centre
provides an appealing retreat for nourishing body, mind, and soul in a pleasant yet intimate setting. It is
backed up by a team of certified and well-trained experts.
Figure 1.2.60 Massage Room. Figure 1.2.61 Private Treatment Room.
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Four Seasons, Langkawi, Malaysia
The scenic habitat of the Island of Legends is as spectacular as it is tranquil, surrounded by a tropical
rainforest, limestone cliffs, and the green seas of the Andaman Sea. The Resort's Malay-style pavilions
and villas, located deep inside a UNESCO World Geopark, provide both peaceful, intimate sanctuary for
lovebirds and adaptable family-oriented getaways.
Figure 1.2.62 Four Seasons Langkawi Villa. Figure 1.2.63 Four Seasons Langkawi Reflecting Pond
Source: https://www.fourseasons.com/langkawi/ Source: https://www.fourseasons.com/langkawi/
Figure 1.2.64 Four Seasons Langkawi Yoga Pavilion

Source: https://www.fourseasons.com/langkawi/
Beach Villa
Maximum Occupancy: 3 persons

Size: 220 sq. m.
Bathroom: 1 Full Marble Indoor, 1 Secluded Outdoor Rainforest
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Figure 1.2.65 Beach Villa Floor Plan

Source: https://www.fourseasons.com/langkawi/accommodations/villas/beach_villa/
Figure 1.2.66 Beach Villa Outdoor Bathroom

Source: https://www.fourseasons.com/langkawi/accommodations/villas/beach_villa/
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Chapter I.3 Research Methodology
This chapter will offer a thorough examination of the research techniques used in the proposed "Therapeutic
Resort Complex in Siargao Island" research study. The research findings will be used to provide
justifications for the stated current problems, as well as to gather more information to aid in the creation of
the research study. Nonetheless, the research study and findings will be reinforced by interviews and data
from tourism and hospitality industry professionals.
Methodology Framework
Figure 1.3.1 Methodology Framework.
Research Design
To develop more detailed study, this research utilizes descriptive research with mixed methods, through the
forms of qualitative and quantitative research. In qualitative, a word drove research with description and
analysis about the behavior and needs of the tourists, the condition of Biophilic Environment, and the
relationship between these two factors will be provided. In quantitative, a number-driven research with
statistics and data to give support for the qualitative data and justification for the claims will be provided.
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The types of methods used in this research is divided into four major parts. The archival research method,
interviews, surveys, and case studies. For the archival research method, the study will provide content-
based data from published materials and obtain qualitative and quantitative information containing analysis
and references that will assist the research study. Since the archival method may be limited, the researcher
will conduct data-gathering through Surveys and Interviews. This will give a credible source of information
regarding the real, present conditions and setting of the proposed topic. Case studies from both local and
international settings will be used in the research. These case studies will not only focus on evaluating
similar initiatives, but also on projects that have offered answers to challenges similar to those being
addressed in the research study. The research study's credibility will be improved as a result of this
technique.
Research Locale
While the survey was conducted on local and international tourists, the research locale wherein the primary
case studies were performed is in Siargao Island. The resorts used in the primary case studies are Nay Palad
Hideaway, Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa, and Bravo Beach Resort. These resorts are the comparable type
of resorts to the proposed therapeutic resort.
Research Tools
The criteria for the survey, the survey questionnaire itself, the interview transcript, the photo used in the
case study, and analysis of the present existing resorts, resort websites, and brochures are all part of the
instrument utilized in this study. Such data, if harnessed with the provided study tools, would lead to the
acquisition of how we might compare hotels and resorts from one another, and the diversity of individuals
who use it would offer an idea of what they enjoy or don't like and what needs to be improved.
Population and Sampling

The surveys acquired in this research are conducted among 800 local and international tourists.
Additionally, all the interviews of this research study were conducted among the hoteliers concerned with
the needs of the tourists. Through this, information will be provided to the researcher about the suitable
spaces needed for the therapeutic resort complex.
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Data Gathering Procedures
Reviews of Related Literature
For the development of the review of related literature for the research study, an archival research
technique (desk-work research) will be used. The purpose of this is to discuss the literature's ability
to supply content for the research investigation. The most essential contribution that literature can
provide to a research study is that it may be used to build an architectural-based solution. The
examination of linked literature will be based on both qualitative and quantitative research data to
improve the material that will be used in the research study. To improve the research study's
credibility, the suggested research study will eventually include published works, journals, and
references from trustworthy sources. To increase the research study's versatility, the setting for the
research study will use data from both local and foreign sources.
Survey
According to the Department of Tourism, on the 1st and 2nd quarter of 2021, there are 7,586 recorded
tourist arrivals in Siargao Island. The researcher conducted quantitative research through the form
of a survey questionnaire provided to 800 local and international tourists across more than 20
nationalities in June 2021. Through this study, the researcher provided questions regarding the
stress related problems encountered. Additionally, the researcher also provided questions regarding
the resort and wellness facilities preferences. The purpose of this quantitative study is to determine
the needs and interests of the tourists, to develop architectural design of spaces and facilities that
will provide enjoyable experience to the tourists, as well as suitable facilities that will complement
the needed therapeutic experience for the wellness seekers. Through this quantitative data, the
results have indicated positive feedback.
Figure 1.3.2 Siargao Tourist Arrivals Report 2018-July 2021

Source: Department of Tourism - Philippines
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The conducted surveys were answered by tourists across diverse nationalities:
Table 1.3.3 Respondents’ Nationalities
Asia Europe Americas Africa
Filipino British American Nigerian
Indonesian Norwegian Fil-Canadian Egyptian
Singaporean Romanian
Malaysian Greek
Chinese
Japanese
Burmese
Indian
Emirati
Bahraini
Pakistani
Sri Lankan
Lebanese
Turkish
Russian
Interviews
The researcher also uses qualitative research through interviews. The conducted interviews focus
on professionals with the greatest knowledge regarding the proposed topic. This is an essential
research approach that may be used to improve the research study since it will allow persons
working in the hospitality industries to give a clearer observation and analysis. As the proposed
research study focuses on integration of wellness and tourism and developing a better healing
environment, the interviews were conducted with:
o Assistant Sales Manager – Fairmont Bab Al Bahr, UAE

o Former F&B Manager – Shangri-La at The Fort, Manila, Philippines
o Former Front Office Manager – Carlton Palace Hotel, UAE
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Statistical Treatment
The statistical treatment would be descriptive in the sense that after the data is collected, it would be
manually sorted and statistically processed, gaining its mean, median, and mode. Descriptive statistical
treatment might imply obtaining the sample group's average majority and interpreting it as the most
effective data because it is the average. The median, or anything in the middle, is most likely to be regarded,
or must it be mode whereby the majority number versus the minority must be the precise winning response
to construct a conclusion.
Chapter I.4 Results and Discussion

Presentation of Collected Data
Survey Results
Raw Survey Transcript:
Figure 1.3.3 Nationality
Figure 1.4.1 Age groups
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Figure 1.4.2 Emotional Problems experienced by the respondents
Figure 1.4.3 Results of the way of coping of the respondents on how to overcome emotional problems.
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Figure 1.4.4 Reasons why they did not choose to go to the hospital/clinic.
Figure 1.4.5 Type of Resort Preference
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Figure 1.4.6 Checklist of Biophilic Design Features for the resort
Figure 1.4.7 Hotel room view preference Figure 1.4.8 Bathroom preference
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Figure 1.4.9 Aromatic plants presence Figure 1.4.10 Hotel corridor preference
Figure 1.4.11 Hotel lobby preference Figure 1.4.12 Lighting preference
Figure 1.4.13 The effects of nature towards the emotions
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Figure 1.4.14 Usual complaints when regarding resort facilities
Figure 1.4.15 Wellness activities ranking
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Figure 1.4.16 Resort stay preference
Figure 1.4.17 Tourists’ interest to visit Siargao
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Interviews
Interviewee 1: Ms. Cyril Anne Tolentino Amorato

Position: Assistant Sales Manager, Fairmont Bab Al Bahr, Abu Dhabi, UAE

The interview with Ms. Amorato was conducted via Zoom Meetings. She graduated with the degree
in Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management from St. Paul University Quezon City,
Philippines. At 27, she is now an Assistant Sales Manager at Fairmont Bab Al Bahr who won as
Star Colleague of the Year in 2019 due to her exceptional performance in Sales. Her specialization
in Sales provides linkage to this study, as she provides information about the Guests’ preferences
when it comes to hotel amenities. Through the interview, the researcher was also able to have a
further understanding about the support facilities needed for the hotel amenities. The researcher
was also able to have a further understanding of the actual spaces of the Fairmont Bab Al Bahr in
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. According to Ms. Amorato, the strength of their hotel against
the neighbor competitors is the room design. Guest rooms are provided with floor to ceiling
glass windows offering generous views of the beach and the famous landmark in Abu Dhabi,
the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque. Upon entering the hotel, a sophisticated lobby will greet the
guests leading to a grand staircase going to the lower ground floor. Located in the lower ground
floor are the restaurants and clubs. In this case, the guests who aren’t staying in the hotel can
still be accommodated by these restaurants and clubs for additional sales. Going back to the
lobby, there is also an outdoor staircase leading to the beach events area where the
celebrations such as weddings, and other parties are usually held. The hotel has also a
banquet hall for indoor functions. The banquet reception has two entrances. One connected
to the hotel lobby and one separate main entrance. According to Ms. Amorato, the hotel rooms
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are usually sold out when there is an event being held. One of the common events leading to that
scenario are the Indian Weddings. Hundreds of guests are being accommodated and all of these
guests have their own hotel rooms making them occupy almost all the rooms in the hotel. These
kinds of events are her favorite because it gives a large contribution to hotel sales.
Interviewee 2: Mrs. Reybie Rafols – Iting

Position: Former Front Office Assistant Manager – Millennium Hotel, Fujairah, UAE
Former Front Office Manager; Head of Department – Carlton Palace Hotel, Dubai, UAE
Figure 1.4.19 Interviewee 2

The interview with Mrs. Iting was held in Tagaytay City. She graduated with the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management at De La Salle University, Dasmarinas Cavite,
Philippines. She started her career as a hotelier 12 years ago. Her specialization provides linkage
to this study, as she provides information and analysis about the profiles and usual complaints of
the guests of their hotels. Through the interview, the researcher was able to have a further
knowledge about the types of guests staying in a hotel. There are 3 major types according to the
interviewee. First, the ones who stay for relaxation. The first thing that these guests look for is
the spa. The usual complaints of these guests are the not-so sound-proofed rooms. The second
ones are the guests who stay for leisure. These guests are her favorite because they are lively
and are open to take the offers when it comes to hotel amenities. The favorite thing of these
guests is the pool, especially if there’s a bar on the side. The usual complaints of these guests
are limited hotel amenities. The last type of guests are the ones who travel for business. These
are their high-profile clients that they prioritize on giving VIP treatments. These guests do
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not always care about the amenities. They just want a nice room with a nice room service.
Usual complaints of these guests are poor room service. One thing she learned through her
several years of experience; the more relaxing the hotel facilities are, the lesser rude guests she
encounters. Clearly, the hotel design has a very huge impact on the guests’ behavior.
Interviewee 3: Mr. Jerome Tolentino Iting

Position: Former F&B Manager – Fairmont Makati, Philippines
Former F&B Manager – Carlton Palace Hotel, Dubai, UAE
Former F&B Manager – Shangri-La at The Fort Manila, Philippines

The interview with Mr. Iting was held in Tagaytay City, Philippines. He graduated with the degree
of Bachelor of Science in Management at the Adamson University in Manila, Philippines. He
started his career as a hotelier 13 years ago. His specialization in Hotel Food and Beverage
Department provides linkage to this study as he explains the guests’ preference when it comes to
hotel dining. He will also provide information regarding the dining facilities and the support spaces
needed for an exceptional dining experience that will contribute to the proposed therapeutic resort
in this study. The researcher asked which dining setup is more preferred by the majority of guests,
he answered Outdoor dining. Apparently, outdoor dining with stunning views of either garden,
poolside, or beach makes the clients’ dining experience more appetizing and relaxing. With
regards to the proposed therapeutic resort in Siargao, of this study, he suggested to maximize the
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Siargao’s potential when it comes to views. Outdoor dining with garden views while hearing
waves on the seashore would be a great feature. Another suggestion by him is the floating
outdoor café. Since Siargao is known as the Surfing Capital of the Philippines, a surf themed
floating café would be exceptional. However, there are things to consider when it comes to
the designs of the outdoor dining facilities. As much as the guests enjoy the outdoor
environment, what they hate the most is the hassle brought by the weather conditions. Imagine
a guest enjoying his meal outdoors and it suddenly rains. The staff has no choice but to transfer
him to an indoor space. In that case, the client loses his appetite and lessens the enjoyment of the
dining experience. So, Mr. Iting suggested to make sure to provide adequate coverings and shadings
for unforeseen weather conditions.
3.3.4 Case Studies

The research study will also examine and critique existing buildings and structures that have goals,
objectives, and issues that are comparable to the research study's goals, objectives, and difficulties. This
will give the researcher information on the methodologies and ideas that might be used to provide a solution
to challenges in the wellness and tourism sectors, as well as biophilic architecture. The case studies utilized
in this research will focus on the facilities, the design, and technology innovations that can be applied to
this proposal.
A. Primary Case Studies

The primary case studies will be conducted on three (3) resorts in Siargao that have the closest
qualities to the proposed therapeutic resort in terms of theme, amenities, and architectural style.
These resorts are Nay Palad Hideaway, Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa, and Bravo Beach Resort.
KERMIT SURF RESORT
Figure 1.4.21 Primary Case Study Chart.
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Nay Palad Hideaway, Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte

The refuge is tucked between two unique marine habitats on the southeastern point of the island
of Siargao. The hidden town, located on one end of the property, faces the Pacific Ocean and is
immediately beyond the white-sand beach that stretches along our tranquil, private bay. The land,
on the other hand, is surrounded by six square kilometers of historic mangrove forests and natural
rivers.
Figure 1.4.22 Nay Palad Hideaway Siargao

Source: Nay Palad Hideaway
A. Accommodations
The resort has a total of 10 accommodation units and a total of 59 employees.
1. The Perlah Villa
The Perlah Villa is the most luxurious accommodation in the resort. It has its own
swimming pool, a tree platform, a fireplace, and the best feature is its private beach.
Other amenities include Aromatherapy burner with essential oils, daily homemade
dried fruits, Mini Bar, Nespresso coffee machine in every room, Cellular Phone, Sound
system, Movie projector, 3 Hair dryers, 3 Indoor showers, Organic bathroom products,
Air conditioning, Ceiling fan (only in indoor lounge), complementary resort stationary,
Safe in every room, Wireless internet, Indoor lounge, and Outdoor terrace and lounge.
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Figure 1.4.23 The Perlah Villa

Figure 1.4.24 The Perlah Villa Floor Plan

Table 1.4.1 The Perlah Villa Room Inventory

Number of Villas 1
Rooms 2 master bedrooms (50 sq m/538 sq ft),
1 double bedroom (21 sq m/226 sq ft)
3 bathrooms
Indoor lounge convertible to single bedroom if
needed.
Maximum Occupancy 7
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Rates (min. of 2 nights) PHP 344,817.03 per night for 1-2 pax
+ PHP 172,408.52 for additional pax
2. Deluxe Villa
Another type of accommodation unit is the Deluxe villa. It has a master’s bedroom at
the ground level and another bedroom on the second level. Its amenities include
Aromatherapy burner with essential oils, daily homemade dried fruits, Mini-bar,
Nespresso coffee machine, Cellular phone, iPod Touch with docking station, Hair
dryer, Indoor shower (hot and cold), Outdoor shower (cold), Organic bathroom
products, Air conditioning and ceiling fan, Complimentary resort stationery, In-room
safe, Outdoor terrace, Wireless Internet, Mosquito net around the bed, and Natural
mosquito repellent.
Figure 1.4.25 The Deluxe Villa

Table 1.4.2 The Deluxe Villa Room Inventory

Number of Villas 4
Rooms Master bedroom (34 sq m/366 sq ft)
Upstairs bedroom (28 sq m/301 sq ft)
Maximum Occupancy 6
Rates (min. of 2 nights) PHP 222,619.42 for 2 pax
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3. Superior Villa
Another type of accommodation unit is the Superior Villa. It has one master’s
bedroom. Its amenities include Aromatherapy burner with essential oils, daily
homemade dried fruits, Mini-bar, Cellular phone, iPod Touch with docking station,
Hair dryer, Indoor shower (hot and cold), Organic bathroom products, Air conditioning
and ceiling fan, Complimentary resort stationery, In-room safe, Outdoor terrace,
Wireless Internet, Mosquito net around the bed, and Natural mosquito repellent.
Figure 1.4.26 The Superior Villa

Table 1.4.3 The Superior Villa Room Inventory

Number of Villas 4
Rooms Master bedroom (32 to 38 sq m/
345 sq ft to 410 sq ft)
Maximum Occupancy 4
4. Superior Family Villa

Another type of accommodation unit is the Superior Family Villa. It has two double
bedrooms. Its amenities include Aromatherapy burner with essential oils, daily
homemade dried fruits, Mini-bar, Cellular phone, iPod Touch with docking station,
Hair dryer, Indoor shower (hot and cold), Organic bathroom products, Air conditioning
and ceiling fan, Complimentary resort stationery, In-room safe, Outdoor terrace,
Wireless Internet, Mosquito net around the bed, and Natural mosquito repellent.
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Figure 1.4.27 The Superior Family Villa

Table 1.4.4 The Superior Family Villa Room Inventory

Number of Villas 1
Rooms Two separate double bedrooms
(32 to 38 sq m/
345 sq ft to 410 sq ft)
Maximum Occupancy 6
B. Wellness
According to Nay Palad, a memorable spa offers much more than world-class treatments. It's
all about the space, the atmosphere, and the mood. It fosters a sense of calm and well-being
that goes deeper than any therapy can. This resort offers a wide range of wellness activities.
1. Spa
Their spa professionals specialize in Hilot, a Filipino massage technique renowned for its
healing qualities, in addition to a complete variety of world-class treatments. A remarkable
spa experience, however, is also about the space, the atmosphere, and the mood. That is
why they have lavished their spa village with so much love and ingenuity.
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Figure 1.4.28 Spa Cottage

2. Yoga and Meditation

The Boathouse at Nay Palad Hideaway has its own yoga pavilion. The pavilion, located
four meters above ground level amid the trees and overlooking the sea, may be enjoyed
with the windows closed and the air conditioning turned up, or with the windows thrown
wide open for fresh air. Daily yoga lessons with an expert instructor may also be arranged
for any location—sea pagoda, treehouse, or even SUP boards in the pool or ocean. If you
want to transform your stay into a yoga retreat, please contact our staff to explore your
options.
Figure 1.4.29 Yoga Pagoda

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3. Fitness
The exercise room, located on the ground floor of the Boathouse, provides all of the
convenience and comfort of a full-service gym. The cutting-edge gadgets and equipment,
which include a Life Fitness Integrity Series treadmill, a cross-trainer, a G7 gym system,
ten sets of dumbbells, and an exercise ball, will help you build strength and get your heart
pounding.
Figure 1.4.30 Fitness Gym

C. Recreation
The Nay Palad staff will be delighted to assist with the creation of activities and excursions
customized to the visitors' desires. Fabulous boats and a cutting-edge amphibious boat, complete
with captain and crew, are ready to transport visitors wherever within reach. They can organize
everything from deep-sea fishing to surfing one of the world's most famous waves, Cloud 9, to
kayaking through ancient mangroves and circumnavigating the island in our luxury jeepney.
1. Watersports
Surfing, Sailing, Stand up Paddling, Snorkeling, Diving, Kayaking, Water-
skiing, Deep-sea fishing. The list continues on and on, and the options are limitless.
They provide or arrange courses with the top teachers for beginners.
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Figure 1.4.31 Kayaking at Nay Palad

2. Infinity Pool
Nay Palad’s infinity pool with a view of the ocean has its shallow section with island
lounges. The pool area is also perfect for movie nights, where a movie is played in a
giant screen hung between the palm trees.
Figure 1.4.32 Infinity Pool

3. Hideaway Activities
Nay Palad offers a series of activities to keep tourists entertained without leaving the
retreat. The grassy fields and white-sand beach are ideal for a casual game of soccer,
croquet, badminton, or pétanque throughout the day. There's even a volleyball court
on the shore. Pick a movie, locate a nice location beside or in the pool, and enjoy an
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outdoor movie at night. The film will be shown on a huge screen suspended between
two coconut trees. The resort also offers island hopping and land excursions.
Figure 1.4.33 Bonfire Lounge

Figure 1.4.34 Movie Nights

4. Culinary
Nay Palad’s resident chef offers cooking demonstrations. Children can also participate
in baking and ice cream making sessions.
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Figure 1.4.35 Culinary at Nay Palad

Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa

Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa is located on a secluded beach near General Luna. While the natural beauty
of Cloud 9 Beach and General Luna Beach is accessible to everybody, those searching for an activity
should visit General Luna Port.
Figure 1.4.36 Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa

Source: Siargao Bleu
A. Accommodation
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This 4-star resort has a total of 40 accommodation units and operated by 20 employees.
1. Floating Cottages
The Floating Cottage is the most luxurious type of accommodation in Siargao Bleu Resort
and Spa. It has a direct access to the pool. Its amenities include Choice of King or two
Queen Beds, Stone Tub, Mini Bar, Cable TV, In-room phone service, and a Safety Deposit
Box.
Figure 1.4.37 Siargao Bleu Floating Cottage

Table 1.4.5 Floating Cottages Inventory

No. of units 10
Room Area 116 sq. m.
Maximum Occupancy 4
Rates Starts at PHP 21,960.00 for 2 pax.
Additional Pax will be charged PHP 2,300.00
(Exclusive of 10% Service Charge and 12% VAT).
2. Garden Deluxe
Garden Deluxe rooms are located at the ground floor, with mesmerizing views of garden.
Its amenities include Queen Size bed, Cable TV, In-room phone service, Safety Deposit
Box, and Mini Bar.
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Figure 1.4.38 Garden Deluxe Room

Table 1.4.6 Garden Deluxe Room Inventory

No. of units 15
Room Area 34 sq. m.
Maximum Occupancy 3
3. The Terraces
Terrace rooms are located at the ground floor, with their own veranda. Its amenities
include Twin beds, Cable TV, In-room phone service, Safety Deposit Box, and Mini Bar.
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Figure 1.4.39 Terrace Room

Table 1.4.7 Terrace Room Inventory

No. of units 15
Room Area 42 sq. m.
Maximum Occupancy 3
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B. Spa
Siargao Bleu’s Bleu Spa offer an array of mix massage techniques with highly trained
professional therapists.
Figure 1.4.40 Spa Offers

C. Activities
Siargao Bleu offers wide range of activities from gym, yoga, movie nights, and tours around
the island.
D. Restaurant
The island is known to have the best KING MUD CRABS, deep sea fish and perfectly crisp
roasted pig locally called “Lechon”. These are specialties of Siargao Bleu’s restaurant. The
resort also has a bar with views of majestic waves.
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Kermit Surf Resort

Kermit, located in the midst of the tropical paradise of Siargao Island in the Philippines, strives to provide
you with an island experience unlike any other at a fair price. So although they serve the greatest Italian
food on the island, they make sure to provide tourists a complete local experience by offering island
excursions, surfing, and activities that promote eco-friendly and sustainable projects. They also have some
of the greatest local surfers on the island who share their passion with others through surf instruction and
packages.
Figure 1.4.41 Kermit Surf Resort

Source: Kermit Surf Inc.
A. Accommodation
This surf resort has a total of 24 accommodation units and operated by 75 employees.
1. Lokal Cottage
Live like a native while yet enjoying luxury and convenience. This cottage is comfortable,
with a large patio where you can relax after a day of sun and surf. Its amenities include
Daily breakfast, air conditioning, Own bathroom with hot & cold shower, Free wifi, Free
drinking water, Toilet paper and towels, and Daily cleaning.
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Figure 1.4.42 Lokal Cottage

Table 1.4.8 Lokal Cottage Information

No. of units n/a
Room Area n/a
Maximum Occupancy 3
Rates Starts at PHP 1,800.00 per night for 2 pax
+ PHP 700.00 per night per additional pax.
2. Native AC Bungalow
Live like a local without compromising comfort and convenience. This cottage is cozy,
with a large patio where you can relax after a day of sun and surf. Its amenities include air
conditioning, Spacious bathroom with hot & cold shower, Daily breakfast, Free wifi, Free
drinking water, Toilet paper and towels, and Daily cleaning.
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Figure 1.4.43 Native AC Bungalow

Table 1.4.9 Native AC Bungalow Information

No. of units n/a
Room Area n/a
Maximum Occupancy 4
3. Deluxe Rooms
Deluxe rooms are contemporary bedrooms, and its amenities include air conditioning,
Spacious bathroom with hot & cold shower, Daily breakfast, Free wifi, Free drinking water,
Toilet paper and towels, and Daily cleaning.
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Figure 1.4.44 Deluxe Rooms

Table 1.4.10 Deluxe Room Information

No. of units n/a
Room Area n/a
Maximum Occupancy 3
4. Basic AC Room
Experience simple living in a cozy way and gain experience points for it. After all, you're
in paradise. Its amenities include air conditioning, Spacious bathroom with hot & cold
shower, Daily breakfast, Free wifi, Free drinking water, Toilet paper and towels, and Daily
cleaning.
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Figure 1.4.45 Basic AC Rooms

Table 1.4.11 Basic AC Room Information

No. of units n/a
Room Area n/a
Maximum Occupancy 3
Tax not included
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B. Wellness
1. Yoga
Island life may be stressful and exhausting, especially when it comes to surfing and other
things that must be squeezed into a limited amount of time. This can cause stress in
both mind and body. In Kermit, they developed a space dedicated to relieving bodily stress,
soothing the mind, and bringing the guests to a state of peace and tranquility - the ideal
antidote to surfing.
Figure 1.4.46 Yoga at Kermit

C. Recreation
Kermit surf resort offers a Surfing School operated by their local surfers. They organize
individual surf lessons, surf guiding lessons, and daily packages for surf and guiding.
D. Culinary
The Kermit Italian restaurant, which has been featured on numerous websites, magazines, and
blogs, is not a myth. And they are always raising the bar in order to provide their clients with
world-class Italian cuisine, as well as a few Filipino specialties and seafood. Kermit restaurant
and pizzeria serves what can be the best Italian food in Siargao. Kermit vibe is unique. Started
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back on the 2011. With only use the freshest, high-quality ingredients imported from Italy
mixed with local fresh ingredients from the local market and local organic farm. Everything is
made from scratches, no MSG or any flavor enhancer. Their bread, pizza dough, some pastas
are made fresh daily. For beverages, they serve cold beer, local craft beers, fresh juices and
their famous signature cocktails.
Figure 1.4.47 Kermit Restaurant

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Figure 1.4.48 Kermit Pizza Station

A. Secondary Case Studies

For the secondary case studies, the researcher has categorized it into two. One for the Wellness
Centre case study, which is the Amezcua Wellness Centre, a holistic wellness centre in Quezon
City, and one for the Biophilic Design Case Study which is the ParkRoyal Collection
Singapore.
Figure 1.4.49 Secondary Case Studies Chart
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1. Amezcua Wellness Centre
A. Project Description and Relevance:
Amezcua Wellness Centre is a holistic medi-spa located in White Plains, Quezon City, Philippines.
This medi-spa, which combines Eastern and alternative medicine with therapeutic spa treatments,
offers more than just a temporary glow: they are more interested with your entire, long-term health
and well-being. Every Amezcua customer receives a medical consultation with a doctor before
getting to the beautifying goods. Dr. Edwin Arellano Bien, a US-trained family and complementary
therapy expert, leads a medical team that includes an anesthesiologist (for pain management),
surgeon, dermatologist, psychiatrist, acupuncturist, and nutritionists. Amezcua is the most recent
addition to the Philippines' burgeoning medical tourism sector. Tourists are already coming to
nations like Thailand and India for inexpensive medical treatment, and the Philippines is set to
become the most economical of them all. Amezcua's services are all founded on the idea that
genuine health requires a balance of body, mind, and spirit. As such, it provides a holistic approach
to health care by combining traditional, alternative therapies, and treatments with contemporary
approaches. No other establishment has been able to equal its standards in terms of having exactly
the same kind of service offerings in a highly-comfortable, exclusive environment – so much so
that it was nominated “Best MediSpa” in the Baccarat Asia Spa Awards 2007. (The BASA Awards
are designed to celebrate innovation in the Asian spa and wellness industry, with almost 30
independent spa experts comprising the judges’ panel. The annual prestigious event is sponsored
by Asia Spa magazine, a luxury publication of Adkom Media Group.)
How is Amezcua different from a hospital?

As a wellness center, Amezcua adopts a holistic view to restoring the equilibrium of the body,
mind, and spirit, restoring quality of life in the midst of modern living's fast rate.
B. Design Concept:
The design of the medi-spa revolves around Modern Filipino Architecture. It features a variety of
natural surface finishes such as wood, and stone. Even if it is located in a city, this medi-spa is
like a resort type facility.
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Figure 1.4.50 Amezcua Reception. Figure 1.4.51 Amezcua Massage Area

Source: Zarrbuilt Konstruction Source: Zarrbuilt Konstruction
Figure 1.4.52 Hilot Massage Figure 1.4.53 Yoga Lessons

Source: Zarrbuilt Konstruction Source: Zarrbuilt Konstruction
C. Design Overview:
The parking and maintenance facilities are located at the basement. On the ground floor, there are
two entrances. One is the main entrance leading to the main hall which connects to the medical
and wellness departments. The other entrance leads to cafeteria and gym. Treatment rooms and
other facilities offering medical and wellness services are located on the upper floors. The best
part of this wellness centre is the sky garden located at the penthouse.
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D. Floor Plans:
Figure 1.4.54 Basement Plan – AWC

Source: Zarrbuilt Konstruction
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Figure 1.4.55 Ground Floor Plan – AWC

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Figure 1.4.56 Third Floor Plan – AWC

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Figure 1.4.57 Fourth Floor Plan – AWC

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Figure 1.4.58 Penthouse – AWC

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2. ParkRoyal Hotel at the Pickering, Singapore
A. Project Description and Relevance:
ParkRoyal Hotel at the Pickering is one of the best hotels that features Biophilic Design. Designed
by WOHA Architects, this hotel won several awards. This hotel features a multilevel garden which
brings the guests closer to nature. This hotel features a whole package of Biophilic Design. The
Parkroyal, in striking comparison to the encircling metropolis, is a showcase of Singapore's tropical
environment. WOHA's design incorporates biodiverse tropical vegetation on the sky-gardens,
which are observable via the guest suites' large windows, as well as internal green walls and potted
plants.
B. Design Concept:
The hotel’s design concept revolves around Biophilic Architecture. Several biophilic patterns are
showcaseD along the exterior and interior of the building. Visual Connection with Nature can be
seen on the multilevel sky gardens adjacent to the hotel rooms. Biomorphic Forms and Patterns are
featured on the platform and sky-gardens' topological layers; the lobby canopy and front desk's
wooden finishes; and the furnishings and light fittings.
Figure 1.4.59 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering

Source: WOHA
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Figure 1.4.60 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering Elevation

Source: WOHA
Figure 1.4.61 ParkRoyal Collection at the Pickering Typical Plan

Source: WOHA
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Table 1.4.12 Biophilic Presence at Parkroyal.
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Summary of Findings and Analysis
Objective 1: To study Biophilic Design elements and the health benefits that they can offer.
The researcher has gathered the data needed for Objective 1 through the Archival Research Method -
Reviews of Related Literature. The researcher summarized the Biophilic Design Elements & Patterns, its
definitions, design considerations, the therapeutic experience that it provides, and the health benefits of
each.
Table 1.4.13 Biophilic Elements and Patterns
ELEMENT PATTERN HEALTH IMPACT SAMPLES

INVOLVED
ENVIRONMENTAL Visual Connection with Decreased blood 1. Vegetation and
FEATURES Nature pressure and heart rate Landscape
Increased mental 2. Fragrant herbs
interaction and flowers
Positive attitude and 3. Flowing Water
satisfaction or any Water
Non-visual Connection Suppressed systolic Feature
with Nature blood pressure and 4. Material
stress hormones textures
Favorable influence on 5. Horticulture
cognitive function
Mental health
enhancement and
peacefulness
Presence of Water Strengthened
concentration and
memory retention
Material Connection Lowered diastolic
with Nature blood pressure
Enriched creative
performance
Enhanced comfort
Reduced stress
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NATURAL SHAPES Biomorphic Forms and Enhanced concentration 1. Columns
AND FORMS Patterns shaped like
trees
2. Organic
building form
3. Woodwork /
Masonry
4. Furniture form
NATURAL Non- Rhythmic Improved heart rate, 1. Insect/animal
PATTERNS AND Sensory Stimuli systolic blood pressure movement
PROCESSES and sympathetic 2. Reflections of
nervous system water on a
function surface
Attentiveness and 3. Aging of
exploration natural
Connection with Increased favorable materials
Natural Systems health reactions
LIGHT AND SPACES Dynamic and Diffuse Enhanced circadian 1. Natural lighting
Light system performance 2. Controlled
Enhanced visual lighting
comfort 3. Shadows and
Thermal and Airflow Improved comfort, shadings
Variability productivity, and well- 4. Space
being orientation
Enhanced concentration
Enhanced temporal and
spatial pleasure
perceptions
PLACE BASED Visual Connection with Decreased blood 1. Local flora and
RELATIONSHIPS Nature pressure and heart rate fauna
Increased mental
interaction
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Positive attitude and 2. Locally
satisfaction sourced
Non-Visual Connection Suppressed systolic materials
with Nature blood pressure and
stress hormones
Favorable influence on
cognitive function
Mental health
enhancement and
peacefulness
EVOLVED HUMAN- Complexity and Order Significantly influenced 1. Material
NATURE perceptual and texture
RELATIONSHIPS physiological stress 2. Building
responses structure
Prospect Reduced stress 3. Open plans
Reduced boredom, 4. Overhead
irritability, and canopies
exhaustion 5. Obscured
Enhanced comfort and subject edge
perceived safety 6. Heights
Refuge Improved focus, 7. Water
attentiveness, and
safety perception
Mystery Tremendous pleasure
reaction
Risk/Peril Significant dopamine
or pleasure responses
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Table 1.4.14 Biophilic Design Elements
BIOPHILIC DESIGN ELEMENTS
A ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
B NATURAL SHAPES AND FORMS
C NATURAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES
D LIGHT AND SPACES
E PLACE BASED RELATIONSHIPS
F EVOLVED HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIPS
A. ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES
Table 1.4.15 Environmental Features
ATTRIBUTES INTERPRETATION
A1 Color, Water, and Air The use of earth tones and presence of water features
have a positive effect on the users. Users also prefer
natural ventilation over stagnant air.
A2 Sunlight The use of natural light over artificial light can
enhance morale, comfort, health, and productivity.
A3 Plants and animals Presence of plants can enhance comfort, satisfaction,
well-being, and performance. Presence of animal can
be in the form of representational over literal, through
ornaments, art, and metaphorical disguise.
A4 Natural materials People generally prefer natural over artificial materials.
A5 Views and vistas; Façade greening Views of natural environment provides satisfaction to
the users.
A6 Geology and Landscape Buildings and landscapes that possess compatibility to
local ecosystems are highly preferred.
A7 Fire The presence of fire provides sign of comfort, pleasing
qualities of color and warmth.
B. NATURAL SHAPES AND FORMS

Table 1.4.16 Natural Shapes and Forms
ATTRIBUTES INTERPRETATION (architectural requirements)
B1 Botanical and animal motifs These motifs mimic the plant and animal forms.
B2 Tree and columnar supports These elements refer to tree-like shapes and structures.
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B3 Shells and spirals, egg, oval, and These shapes are often presented literally and
tubular forms metaphorically.
B4 Arches, vaults, domes These forms can be used for both decorative and
functional purposes.
B5 Shapes resisting straight lines and Users prefer flowing edges rather than the rigid ones.
edges
B6 Simulation of natural features To simulate rather than replicate the natural forms.
B7 Biomorphic forms, Organic forms and embracing landscapes.
Geomorphology, and Biomimicry
C. NATURAL PATTERNS AND PROCESSES

Table 1.4.17 Natural Patterns and Processes
C1 Sensory Variability Responding to light, sound, touch, smell, and other
sensory environmental conditions.
C2 Information richness This element simulates curiosity, imagination,
exploration, discovery, and problem solving.
C3 Age, change, and the patina of time The process of natural materials of aging through time.
C4 Growth and efflorescence The progressive evolution of ripening process. E.g.
blooming of flowers.
C5 Central focal point Transitioning a chaotic setting into organized, calm
ones.
C6 Patterned wholes Elements that produce the feeling of imperfection at
first, but eventually giving the sense of mastery and
control.
C7 Bounded spaces and transitional Setting boundaries within territories while providing
spaces passageways and access.
C8 Linked series and chains Incorporates a sense of mystery.
C9 Integration of parts to wholes Like a cluster planned development, a number of parts
or zones is integrated together as a whole complex.
C10 Complementary contrasts Integration of contrasting elements that results in
complementary result.
C11 Dynamic balance and tension Blending of varying forces to produce organic forms.
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C12 Fractals Repetition of patterns with distinct variations.
C13 Hierarchically organized ratios and Resembles the golden proportion and Fibonacci ratio.
scales
D. LIGHT AND SPACES

Table 1.4.18 Light and Spaces
D1 Natural light and shadow The presence of daylight in spaces.
D2 Filtered and diffused light; reflected Controlled intensity of light to trigger a feeling of
light meditated connection.
D3 Light pools, warm light Light pools and warm light give a feeling of security
and protection.
D4 Spaciousness Openness of spaces in complement to refuge.
D5 Spatial variability and harmony Spatial diversity and manipulation of spaces.
D6 Inside-outside spaces The connection and relation of interior to exterior
spaces.
E. PLACE BASED RELATIONSHIPS

Table 1.4.19 Place Based Relationships
E1 Historic, Geographical, Cultural, Emphasis on geographical cultural, and ecological
and Ecological connection to place features of the local setting.
E2 Indigenous materials Use of local and native materials.
E3 Landscape orientation and ecology The consideration of wind direction, slope, sunlight,
ecological boundaries, and other similar aspects.
E4 Landscape features that define built Landscaping elements that embellish and complement
form the building form.
E5 Integration of culture and ecology Strengthening the connection between human and
nature.
E6 Spirit of place and avoiding place Avoiding the decline of connection between human
lessness nature relationship and ecological sustainability.
F. EVOLVED HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIPS

Table 1.4.20 Evolved Human-Nature Relationships
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F1 Prospect and refuge Refuge defines a structure that provides a sense of
security in a small scale.
F2 Order and complexity Balancing the elements of order and complexity
through proper organization of elements and spaces.
F3 Curiosity and enticement These two elements engage to flywheel of human
intellect and imagination. It delivers a sense of
excitement to new discoveries.
F4 Change and metamorphosis Changes in natural and human systems.
F5 Mastery and control Proper organization of building and landscapes will
reflect the human desire for mastery and control over
the surrounding nature.
F6 Affection and attachment Reflection of human emotions to nature.
F7 Fear and awe The presence of fearsome elements like running water,
falls, and other similar features.
F8 Reverence and spirituality Elements that defy the feeling of being alone.
Table 1.4.21 Biophilic Design Patterns/Elements

Pattern Definition Design Considerations Experience
Visual View of natural 1. Design spatial A room with a great Visual
Connection elements, and arrangements and Connection with Nature
with Nature ecosystem. objects to maintain seems complete, it captures
It is perceived desirable view lines one's focus, and it may be
through the sense of while avoiding exciting or soothing. It may
sight. restricting visual communicate information
access when seated. about time, weather, and
2. The advantage of other living things.
viewing actual nature
may be diminished by Visual connections even at a
a digital platform very minimal occurrences of
which may be more nature can be therapeutic.
useful in areas that
cannot readily include
actual nature presence
due to their purpose.
Non-Visual Natural elements that 1. Create non-visual A room with a strong Non-
Connection can be perceived connections that can Visual Connection to Nature
with Nature through senses of be quickly accessible feels fresh and well balanced;
from one or more the ambient circumstances
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hearing, smell, touch, areas, and in such a are recognized as varied and
and taste. way that regular changeable, but yet familiar
involvement for 5 to and comforting, with tones,
20 minutes at a time scents, and textures that are
is possible. nostalgic of being outside in
2. A single indicator that nature.
may be perceived in a
variety of ways might
boost the effects.
Non- Emphasizes on 1. A non-rhythmic A place with strong Non-
Rhythmic producing unexpected stimulus technique Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli
Sensory changes in may be included into gives the impression that one
Stimuli surroundings. nearly any landscape is experiencing something
It can be artificial and or horticulture design. exceptional, something new,
natural. Choosing vegetation fascinating, exciting, and
that will attract bees, invigorating. It's a brief but
butterflies, and other pleasant break.
pollinators for planter
boxes, for example,
may be a more
feasible use for some
ventures than
maintaining a
honeybee apiary or
butterfly sanctuary.
Thermal & There is a variety of 1. Incorporating A room with excellent
Airflow temperature and ventilation and Thermal and Airflow
Variability ventilation. temperature settings Variability feels revitalizing,
This can be achieved into materials, energetic, lively,
through proper daylighting, exhilarating, and pleasant.
orientation of spaces. mechanical The space conveys a sense of
ventilation, and/or both flexibility and control.
fenestration will aid
in the distribution of
variance over space
and time.
Presence of Visual and non-visual 1. Give preference to A room with a significant
Water perception of water. spontaneously Presence of Water condition
varying water seems enticing and
movement over enthralling. The fluidity,
anticipated flow or sound, lighting, closeness,
passivity. and accessibility of a location
2. Water features with all contribute to whether it is
large volume and exciting, soothing, or both.
roughness may cause
discomfort, affect
humidity levels, or
reduce acoustic
quality, thus vicinity
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may influence
desirability.
3. Water features may
be water and energy
inefficient, therefore
they should be
utilized carefully,
especially in areas
with limited
availability to water.
Shading the water,
utilizing high albedo
surfaces, and
reducing open water
surface area will
reduce evaporation
and perhaps add to
the biophilic
experience.
Dynamic & Changes in intensity 1. Transitioning A setting with outstanding
Diffuse Light of light and shadow. between indoor and Dynamic & Diffuse Light
Setting the proper outdoor areas might communicates emotions of
light intensity to be aided by dynamic time and movement, evoking
achieve a desirable lighting conditions. thoughts of drama and
mood for guests. 2. Extremely dynamic mystery while yet providing
lighting a sense of serenity.
circumstances, such
as those characterized
by persistent
movement, shifting
hues, direct sunlight
penetration, and
strong contrasts, may
not be ideal for places
where focused
attention activities are
carried out.
Connection Natural processes, 1. Rainwater collection A place with a direct

with Natural particularly seasonal and purification are association to natural
Systems and temporal integrated into systems inspires a sense of
variations that landscape designs that belonging to a larger whole,
characterize a healthy adapt to rain making one aware of seasons
ecosystem, must be occurrences. and life cycles. The
recognized. encounter is usually
anticipated and is often
soothing, nostalgic, deep, or
illuminating.
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Biomorphic Symbolic allusions to 1. Avoid misuse of A place with appropriate
Forms & molded, patterned, shapes and patterns, Biomorphic Forms &
Patterns textural, or numerical which can cause Patterns seems fascinating
groupings seen in ocular toxicity. and pleasant, maybe
nature. intriguing, meditative, or
perhaps absorptive.
Material Nature-inspired 1. Genuine components A place with a strong
Connection materials and are favored over Material Connection to
with Nature components that, with synthetic versions Nature feels rich, warm, and
little processing, because human senses real, as well as occasionally
replicate the local can perceive the exciting to the touch.
ecosystem or geology difference, therefore
to promote a minimally treated
distinctive feeling of materials from nature
location. are preferable
wherever feasible.
Complexity Rich sensory input 1. Misuse and/or An environment with high
and Order that follows a spatial prolonged exposure to Complexity & Order seems
order comparable to high-fractal engaging and information-
what is seen in natural dimensions may rich, striking a fascinating
world. cause irritation or mix between dull and
even anxiety, which is overpowering.
the opposite of the
desired response: to
nourish and relieve
stress. Avoiding or
underutilizing fractals
in design may result
in total predictability
and boredom.
Prospect A prospect is an 1. Orienting the A room with a good Prospect
unobstructed view structure, condition feels open and
over a long distance fenestration, relaxing while also imparting
used for monitoring hallways, and a sense of security and
and planning. workstations will aid control, which is especially
in optimizing visual important when alone or in
access to indoor or unfamiliar surroundings.
outdoor views,
activity centers, or
destinations.
Refuge A refuge is a location 1. Indoor refuge areas A location with a solid
for disengagement are typically Refuge state feels safe,
from the surroundings distinguished by low offering a sense of solitude
or the principal flow ceilings. and seclusion – whether
of activity, where the 2. Lighting conditions in alone or in small groups – for
individual is sheltered refuge zones should work, protection, rest, or
from behind and contrast from healing. A great refuge place
above. surrounding places, feels apart from its
and user lighting surroundings; its spatial
settings will expand features can be meditative,
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the refuge space's welcoming, and protective
utility. without being overly
disengaging.
Mystery The prospect of 1. Curving surfaces that A room with a good Mystery
additional information gradually show aspect exudes a perceptible
produced by slightly themselves are more sensation of suspense, or of
veiled vistas or other successful in drawing being tempted, providing the
sensory gadgets people through a senses with a type of denial
entices the individual space than abrupt and reward that pushes one
to journey further into angles. to examine the area more.
the environment is 2. Dramatic shade and
referred to as mystery. shadows can enhance
the mystery
experience.
Risk/Peril A risk/peril is a 1. The aspect of safety A location with a good
recognizable hazard must safeguard the Risk/Peril condition seems
combined with a user from damage exciting, and with an implicit
dependable while also allowing danger, perhaps even
protection. the user to experience naughty or perverse. It
risk. appears to be hazardous, but
also fascinating, worth
examining, and potentially
seductive.
Table 1.4.22 Biophilic Design Pattern Health Impacts
PATTERN HEALTH IMPACTS

Visual Connection with Nature - Blood pressure and heart rate have been
decreased
- Increased mental interaction
- Attitude and total satisfaction were

positively affected
Non-Visual Connection with Nature - Systolic blood pressure and stress
hormones are suppressed
- Favorable influence on cognitive function
- Enhancements in mental health and

peacefulness were recognized.
Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli - Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and
sympathetic nervous system function
were all greatly improved
- Behavioral measures of attentiveness and
exploration were seen and evaluated
Thermal & Airflow Variability - Comfort, well-being, and productivity
have all improved
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- Concentration was enhanced
- Enhancement of temporal and spatial

pleasure perceptions (Alliesthesia)
Presence of Water - Stress reduction, improved sense of
tranquility, reduced heart rate and blood
pressure
- Concentration and memory retention have
strengthened
- Perception and psychological reactivity
are boosted
- Preferences and positive emotional
reactions were reported
Dynamic & Diffuse Light - Circadian system performance was

enhanced
- Enhanced visual comfort
Connection with Natural Systems - Increased favorable health reactions,
improved perspective of the surroundings
Biomorphic Forms & Patterns - Reported preference for point of view
Material Connection with Nature - Diastolic blood pressure has been lowered
- Enriched creative performance
- Enhanced comfort
Complexity and Order - Perceptual and physiological stress

responses were significantly influenced
- Observed preference for point of view
Prospect - Reduced stress
- Reduced boredom, irritability, and

exhaustion
- Comfort and perceived safety have both
enhanced
Refuge - Improved focus, attentiveness, and safety
perception
Mystery - Generated a tremendous pleasure reaction
Risk/Peril - This resulted in significant dopamine or
pleasure responses.
Stress Reduction
Cognitive Performance
Emotion, Mood & Preference
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Objective 2: To determine the wellness therapeutic resort spaces and activities that will contribute to an
effective holistic healing and entice the people to participate in.
The researcher has gathered the data for Objective 2 through Survey, Case Studies, and backed up by the
Reviews of Related Literature. A list of therapeutic activities was determined through the case study of a
wellness center in the Philippines and reviews of related literature. The list appeared on the survey and the
respondents chose the activities they are interested in. Then, the researcher extracted the activities with
more than 200 votes.
Table 1.4.23 Survey Transcript
Emotional Problems experienced by the On the checklist type of survey,

respondents: Stress - 95.9%
Anxiety - 27.6%
Depression - 21.4%
Panic Attacks - 15.1%
Family/Relationship Distress - 42.8%
Clearly, stress is the most common problem being
experienced by the respondents.
The respondents’ way of coping up with the Go on a stress-free vacation - 92.9%
Emotional Problems they are experiencing: Go to spa - 4.5%
Go to hospital to seek professional help - 2%
Clearly, people tend to choose to go on a vacation
rather than consulting a professional.
The reason why these people did not prefer to go On a checklist type of survey,
to the hospital: Poor ambience of hospitals - 44.1% (353 people)
Public Stigma - 48.6% (389 people)
Self-Stigma - 20.1% (161 people)
Spa/Vacation is more fun - 79.6% (637 people)
Other individual answers were:
- Hospitals are more rigid and constrained,
commonly associated with diseases and
contemporary recovery as opposed to
resorts which are leisurely and relaxing.
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- Hospitalization is expensive.
- Fearing the virus.
- Preference of spending money on
enjoyable vacation rather than hospital.
Resort preference of tourists: - Therapeutic resort – 76%
- Spa resort – 19%
- Ordinary resort – 5%
Resort features that the tourists want to Nature Views – 84.6% (676 people)
see/experience: Sound of Falling Water – 76.7% (613 people)
Therapy Pool – 67.5% (539 people)
Outdoor Spa – 64.2% (513 people)
Indoor Spa – 34% (272 people)
Bird Sanctuary – 22.2% (177 people)
Butterfly Garden – 18.8% (150 people)
Other suggestions by the respondents:
- Hot spring and Sauna
- Watersports
- Good local food
- Yoga
- Indoor Pool
- Restaurant that offers dietary program
Things that bore/annoy tourists in a resort: - Limited amenities
- House fly
- Lack of outdoor activities
- Loud surroundings
- No scenic views
- Lack of indoor activities
- Lack of new experiences
- Too much automated features
- No internal transport
- Lack of natural lighting
- Small rooms
- Crowded
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- Long check in/check out queue.
- Rigid building structure
- No extreme activities
- No spa
- Some resorts do not have anything that
catches your attention just plain walls.
Hotel room preference: Full glass doors leading to a balcony with nature
views - 88.4% preferred
Fixed glass window with nature views - 11.6%
preferred
Majority of the respondents prefer to experience

nature directly.
Bathroom preference: Indoor bathroom with outdoor view - 85.2%
Closed indoor - 14.8%
Presence of Aromatic Plants inside the hotel Yes - 92.2%
room: No - 7.8%
Hotel Corridor type preference: Open air - 91.7%
Closed conventional - 8.3%
Hotel Lobby type preference: Naturally ventilated - 87.2%
Closed conventional - 12.8%
Daytime lighting preference: Natural Lighting - 98.4%
Artificial Lighting - 1.6%
The effect of being surrounded by nature towards Positive - 99.7%
the respondents’ emotions: Negative - 0.3%
Usual complaints of tourists when it comes to Lack of presence of nature – 78.2%
resort facilities: Small room space – 68.8%
Long walkways – 65.6%
Poor lighting – 31.7%
Lack of shadings – 18.9%
Wellness activities in a resort that the respondents Massage therapy – 70.6%
are interested in: Outdoor spa – 67.9%
Sunrise nature trekking – 64.3%
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Yoga classes by the nature – 63.5%
Organic cooking sessions – 55.1%
Workout sessions – 54.1%
Facial treatments – 51.8%
Underwater aerobics – 50.6%
All the suggested activities are preferred by

majority of the respondents.
Where do the respondents usually spend their time Outdoors - 94.9%
in a resort? Indoors - 5.1%
The reasons why some tourists prefer to spend - Staying indoors is more relaxing
their time indoors: especially if there is a scenic view of
nature.
- No leisure activities
- To relax and not to be disturbed
- Bed is the best part of the room.
- Enjoying silence
Would the respondents want to visit Siargao Yes - 99.2%

Island to experience its sweet taste of island life? No - 0.8%
Majority of the respondents chose to go on a vacation when they experience emotional/stress related
conditions. Survey results show that experiences of nature (both direct and indirect), which is a pattern of
Biophilic Design, plays a vital role in Resort design. Apparently, being closer to nature contributes to
making their stay more relaxing.
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Figure 1.4.62 Graph of Therapeutic Activities
Table 1.4.24 Spaces for Therapeutic Activities

Activity/Facility Minimum/Basic Required Spaces
Massage Therapy - Massage Rooms
- Preparation Area
Different types of massage therapy - Reception
including the traditional Filipino “hilot”. - Storage
Outdoor Spa - Open Cabanas

- Outdoor Jacuzzi
Spa treatments offering relaxation to the - Outdoor Kawa
clients, with generous experience of - Shower Rooms
nature. - Dressing Rooms
- Storage
- Reception
Sunrise Nature Trekking - Meeting Area
- Trekking Trail
Morning trekking sessions while
enjoying the morning sun.
Yoga Classes by the Nature - Yoga Pavilion

- Preparation Area
Outdoor Yoga Classes in an open - Lockers
pavilion surrounded with biophilic - Shower Room
patterns. - Dressing Room
Workout Sessions - Gym (Indoor)

- Gym (Outdoor)
- Lockers
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Outdoor and Indoor workout sessions in - Shower Room
a biophilic designed gyms. - Dressing Room
- Reception
Organic Cooking Sessions - Kitchen for Groups (outdoor)
- Chef’s quarters
Letting the guests learn how to engage - Storage Area
in a healthy lifestyle through food
preparation.
Water Aerobics - Aerobic Pool

- Shower Room
Aerobic exercises by the pool. - Dressing Room
Therapy Pool - Hydrotherapy Pools
- Artificial Hot Spring
Different kinds of therapeutic pools in - Jacuzzi Rooms
indoor and outdoor settings. - Shower Rooms
- Dressing Rooms
- Locker Room
- Storage
Indoor Spa - Reception
- Massage Rooms
Traditional spa treatments in a non- - Aesthetic Treatment Rooms
traditional facility featuring biophilic - Storage
design patterns. - Sauna
- Staff Room
Therapy Clinic - Doctor’s clinic
- Counseling Room
A clinical facility offering - Treatment Rooms (For Holistic
complimentary consultations to the Treatments)
guests and holistic healing treatments - Examination Rooms
according to diagnosis. - Laboratories
- Storage
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Objective 3: To integrate therapy and tourism by presenting a new approach for a special resort that
focuses on wellness and therapy.
The researcher has gathered the needed data for Objective 3 through Case Studies and Interviews, backed
up by Reviews of Related Literature. A comparative analysis was done on the approaches of existing
Conventional Therapy, Wellness Centre, and Hotel-Resorts. Through the interviews, the researcher was
able to gain knowledge about the preferences of hotel guests, usual complaints, and the hoteliers’ suggestion
for improvements that will contribute to development of resort spaces. For further knowledge about the
existing resorts in Siargao, the researcher has evaluated the top 12 resorts in Siargao Island.
A. Primary Case Studies Summary

Table 1.4.25 Primary Case Studies Summary
Nay Palad Siargao Bleu Kermit Surf

No. of accommodation 10 40 24
units
No. of employees 59 20 75
Price range PHP 149,093.74 to PHP 10,370.00 to PHP 1,800.00 to
PHP 344,817.03 PHP 21,960.00 PHP 3,200.00 + tax
Wellness offers Spa Spa Yoga
Yoga & Meditation Yoga
Fitness Gym
B. Interview Summary and Interpretation
Table 1.4.26 Interview Summary

Resource Person Interview Highlights Interpretation
Ms. Cyril Anne Amorato – The strength of their hotel Room design has a huge factor to
Asst. Sales Manager, Fairmont against the neighbor competitors sales of the hotel.
Bab Al Bahr, Abu Dhabi, UAE is the room design.
Guest rooms are provided with Floor to ceiling glass windows
floor to ceiling glass windows can offer generous views of the
offering generous views of the natural environment outside the
beach and the famous landmark hotel which the tourists prefer.
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in Abu Dhabi, the Sheikh Zayed
Grand Mosque
Located in the lower ground Locating restaurants and clubs
floor are the restaurants and directly accessible from the
clubs. In this case, the guests who lobby will make it open to non-
aren’t staying in the hotel can hotel guests, thus, this will
still be accommodated by these increase the hotel’s users.
restaurants and clubs for
additional sales.
there is also an outdoor staircase Providing a staircase from the
leading to the beach events area lobby leading to the outdoor
where the celebrations such as beach events area will enhance
weddings, and other parties are the circulation and reduce the
usually held. unnecessary user traffic when
there is an event. This will also
give a nice impression of the
hotel view to the guests at the
lobby.
The hotel has also a banquet hall Banquet hall for indoor functions
for indoor functions. is ideal because of unpredicted
weather circumstances.
The banquet reception has two Providing a separate entrance for
entrances. One connected to the the banquet hall will lessen the
hotel lobby and one separate unnecessary traffic and will
main entrance. avoid crowding at the hotel’s
main entrance.
Mrs. Reybie Rafols Iting – There are 3 major types The guests who travel for
Former Front Office Manager & according to the interviewee. relaxation and leisure will be the
Head of the Department, Carlton First, the ones who stay for priority of this proposal. This
Palace Hotel, Dubai, UAE relaxation. The first thing that study will address the usual
these guests look for is the spa. complaints of the guests stated
The usual complaints of these by the interviewee.
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guests are the not-so sound-
proofed rooms.
The second ones are the guests These complaints can be
who stay for leisure. These enhanced through Architecture.
guests are her favorite because
they are lively and are open to
take the offers when it comes to
hotel amenities. The favorite
thing of these guests is the pool,
especially if there’s a bar on the
side. The usual complaints of
these guests are limited hotel
amenities.
The last type of guests are the Room service quality can also be
ones who travel for business. enhanced through proper spatial
These are their high-profile planning and improved
clients that they prioritize on circulation for faster movement
giving VIP treatments. These of the staff providing room
guests do not always care about services.
the amenities. They just want a
nice room with a nice room
service. Usual complaints of
these guests are poor room
service.
The more relaxing the hotel The design of the hotel facilities
facilities are, the lesser rude has a direct impact to the user’s
guests she encounters. mood.
Mr. Jerome Tolentino Iting – Apparently, outdoor dining with The quality of outdoor dining
Former F&B Manager, Shangri- stunning views of either garden, experience can be maximized
La at the Fort Manila, poolside, or beach makes the through Biophilic Design. The
Philippines clients’ dining experience more presence of Biophilic Elements
appetizing and relaxing.
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He suggested to maximize the will have a direct impact on the
Siargao’s potential when it dining setting.
comes to views.
Outdoor dining with garden Both visual and non-visual
views while hearing waves on connection to nature can improve
the seashore would be a great the dining experience of the
feature. guests. Through these elements,
Another suggestion by him is the a sensory responsive approach
floating outdoor café. will be achieved. Sense of sight,
Since Siargao is known as the through the generous views of
Surfing Capital of the nature, sense of smell, through
Philippines, a surf themed the aromatic plants and food
floating café would be aroma, sense of hearing, through
exceptional. the sounds produced by nature,
However, there are things to sense of touch, through the
consider when it comes to the different textures of the surfaces
designs of the outdoor dining in the area, and lastly, sense of
facilities. taste, through the food being
As much as the guests enjoy the served.
outdoor environment, what they
hate the most is the hassle
brought by the weather
conditions.
C. Siargao Resorts Evaluation

Table 1.4.27 Siargao Resorts Evaluation
RESORT LOCATION ACCOMMODATION RECREATION WELLNESS FOOD
NAME
White General Double Rooms Bar n/a Pescetarian,
Banana Luna, Dormitory Rooms Surf Shop Vegan, and
Beach Siargao Vegetarian
Club menu
ONLY
Siargao General Floating Cottages 1,600 sqm pool Bleu Spa World class
Bleu Luna, - Own pool (biggest on the - Massage restaurant
Resort Siargao - Stone tub island) serving the
and Spa - Mini bar freshest
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Garden De Luxe Beach Bar Yoga produce
- Garden room from the
- Mini Bar island.
The Terraces Movie nights Indoor Gym
- Own Veranda
- Mini Bar
Reef General Bunk Rooms Beach Gym Facilities Casual
Beach Luna, Activities, Dining
Resort Siargao Billiards & Restaurant
Darts with Beach
Double Rooms Pool View
Apartment Rooms Surfing
Lessons
Beach Houses Bar
Romantic General Villas Pool Massage Seaside
Beach Luna, - Ocean view - Infinity Restaurant
Villas Siargao - Garden view pool
- 3 to 6 pax - Garden
pool
- Jacuzzi
Casa Grande Beach
- 4 pax Activities
Casa Studio Surfing
- 2 pax Lessons
Harana General Deluxe Rooms Voluntourism n/a Restaurant
Surf Luna, - 3 pax Activities
Resort Siargao Family Villas Surf School
- 7 pax
- Veranda
- Loft w/
Alfresco
Community Youth Garden
Villa
- 12 pax
- 18-45 years
old
- Two T&Bs
- Bunk Beds
Siargao General Premium Beach Suites Surfing Massage Warung –
Island Luna, Premium Garden Lessons Inhouse
Villas Siargao Suites Indonesian
- 5 pax Cuisine
- Own Balcony Restaurant
Deluxe Garden Suites
- One queen
sized bed
Kawili Dorm Swimming Massage Breakfast
Resort - 12 beds Pool
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General - Shared
Luna, bathrooms
Siargao - Fans
Surf Shack Surfboard
- Two beds Rental
- Airconditioned
- Own Terrace
Native Cottage Motorbike
- Tropical island Rental
cottage vibe
Deluxe Cottage Living Room
- 3 pax
- Own Veranda
- Hammock
Family Cottage Beach
- 4 pax Activities
Isla General Ocean Premier Suites Beach and Spa Treatments Beachfront
Cabana Luna, - Beach view Leisure Restaurant
Resort Siargao - Own Lanai Activities with Asian
- Mini Pool and Western
Villas Infinity Pool Cuisine
- Deluxe
- Premier Isla Cusina
- Superior – wood fired
Hotel-type Rooms Beach Bar pizza
Bulan General 8 Fan Rooms Swimming n/a Inhouse
Villas Luna, Pool Restaurant
Siargao 6 Airconditioned that serves
Rooms Filipino
Dishes and
Wine from
Sicily.
Bravo General Garden Room Unlimited n/a Bravo
Beach Luna, Double Room Surfing Restaurant –
Resort Siargao Surf Bunks Spanish and
Villas by Bravo Live Music International
Cuisine
Sandy General Bedroom Villas Paddleboard Aromatherapy Breakfast
Feet Luna, and Motorbike massage
Siargao Rentals sessions Cooking
Ground Floor Family Gazebo services
Loft Villas upon request
Upper Family Loft Island Tours w/
Villas picnic
Nay General The Perlah Villa Kids Area Aromatherapy Inhouse
Palad Luna, burner w/ high-end
Hideaway Siargao essential oils restaurant
Deluxe Villa Beach Yoga Studio
Activities
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Superior Villa Infinity Pool Gym
Superior Family Villa Beach Activity Spa Treatments
Lessons
Figure 1.4.63 Siargao Resort Trends

Table 1.4.28 Siargao Resorts Room and Employees
RESORT NAME NO. OF ROOMS NO. OF EMPLOYEES
White Banana Beach Club No data available No data available
Siargao Bleu Resort and Spa 40 20
Reef Beach Resort 22 34
Romantic Beach Villas 13 7
Harana Surf Resort 11 26
Siargao Island Villas 10 No data available
Kawili Resort 6 3
Isla Cabana Resort 20 45
Bulan Villas 12 7
Bravo Beach Resort 22 92
Sandy Feet 5 8
Nay Palad Hideaway 10 59
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D. Comparative Analysis
The researcher conducted a comparative analysis among the approach and processes of
conventional psychotherapy, wellness center, and hotel-resort to be able to formulate a new
approach for the proposed therapeutic resort complex.
A. Conventional Psychotherapy
Figure 1.4.64 Conventional Psychotherapy Process

B. Wellness Center
Figure 1.4.65 Wellness Center Process
C. Hotel-Resorts
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Figure 1.4.66 Hotel Resort Process
Proposed Approach for Therapeutic Resort
Figure 1.4.67 Proposed Therapeutic Resort Process
With the proposed new approach for the therapeutic resort, the guest will have a complimentary
consultation upon check-in. After the diagnosis, the medical professional will give the guest a list of
recommended holistic healing treatments. The guest has a choice if she/he may still want to undergo
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counseling. The guest’s healing treatment process will still be enjoyable because of the experience of
healthy food selection, healing environment, therapeutic amenities, and recreational & leisure facilities.
With this new approach, it’s like the guest is just going on a vacation, but with a long-term healing
effect from stress related conditions.
Need Analysis
A. Resorts
In the case study, the resorts are located in Municipality of General Luna, the heart of Siargao
Island. These resorts are the 3 of the resorts with the highest number of accommodation units,
however, these are always fully booked. The number of accommodation units still need to be
upgraded in order to cater more guests. Also, the wellness offers of the existing resorts are very
limited.
In terms of design, most resorts in the island have a common denominator when it comes to roofing.
They use thatched roof because it is the most accessible roofing material in the island. however,
the walls and floors of these resorts lack texture.
B. Tourists
The need analysis for the tourists was extracted from the survey results. The main complains of the
tourists when it comes to resort facilities are the lack of presence of nature, followed by the small
room space, long walkways, poor lighting, and the least complain is the lack of shadings. The
survey also shows that tourists prefer more nature oriented and less conventional resort design.
C. Siargao Island
Based on the evaluation and analysis of the resorts in Siargao Island, there is no resort that
specializes on therapeutic offers. The existing resorts only have wellness offers but it is limited to
spa and yoga. Aside from being the surfing capital of the Philippines, Siargao Island is a known
destination for serenity and rejuvenation. With the proposed therapeutic resort, this aspect of the
island will be maximized and enhanced.
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
A. Global Negative Experience
Negative experiences such as stress, anger, sadness, worry, and many more continue to rise globally
in the past years, especially during the year 2020, the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Figure 1.4.68 Global Negative Experience Index
B. Stress Prevalence in the Philippines

The Philippines ranked 2nd in the list of the most stressed countries in 2018 Gallup World Poll.
With a rate of 58 percent, the stress prevalence in the country is very alarming.
Figure 1.4.69 Stress Prevalence in the Philippines
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C. Respondents Analysis
All the 800 respondents have/have been experiencing emotional related conditions. Majority of
them experience stress. Some experience all the conditions stated. These respondents’ way of
coping with these problems is mostly going on a vacation. Only 2 percent prefer to seek
professional help in the hospital. The respondents developed this preference because going on a
vacation is more enjoyable for them and much worth it for their money to spend on. Majority of
the respondents also preferred to go to a therapeutic resort over an ordinary resort if given the
chance.
Figure 1.4.70 Emotional Related Problems by the respondents
Figure 1.4.71 Respondents’ way of coping with emotional related problems
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Figure 1.4.72 Reasons why the respondents did not prefer to go to the hospitals
Figure 1.4.73 Resort preference of respondents
D. The Status of Tourism Economy in the Philippines

The table below shows the continuous rise of share of TDGVA (Tourism Direct Gross Value Added)
to GDP (Gross Domestic Product) from 2008 to 2019. This is a good indicator that the tourism industry
in the Philippines is rising. However, during the pandemic, in the year 2020, the TDGVA share to GDP
has dropped to 5.4 percent. This has been the lowest figure for the past decade. On the brighter side,
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the Department of Tourism forecasts that domestic travel industry may recover or 2024 at worst, with
90% of the 2019 performance being projected. However, when it comes to international travel, pre-
pandemic levels not expected to be recovered until 2025 according to Statistica.
Figure 1.4.74 Share of TDGVA to GDP 2008-2020
E. Significance of Tourism Industry to Employment

The tourism industry has projected a significant share to the employment rate in the Philippines. The
table below shows the continuous growth of share of employment in the tourism industry to overall
employment in the Philippines, with 2019 being the highest recorded share percentage at 13.5%. During
the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, it dropped from 13.5 percent to 11.9 percent.
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Figure 1.4.75 Share of tourism employment to total employment (2008-2020)
F. The National Tourism Development Plan (2016-2022)

Using historical data from the 2014 DOT Accommodation Capacity Survey (See Table 11), and
assuming a 70 percent average room occupancy rate that will be maintained during the NTDP
period, additional room requirements were determined to be able to accommodate the increase in
foreign visitor arrivals forecasted to reach 12 million in 2022, as well as the 89.2 million domestic
travelers required. The table also shows that the CARAGA Region (Region XIII) has the lowest
number of accommodation capacity.
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Table 1.4.29 Accommodation Capacity of all Regions in Mindanao
According to these predictions, the combined extra rooms needed to be built in the nation in 2016
is 71,554 units, split down for the North, Central, and Southern Philippines, which will grow to
128,574 units in 2022. For the period 2016-2022, the extra room requirements will be 677,806
units.
Figure 1.4.76 Projected additional room demand for Mindanao
G. Siargao Resorts Employee to Room Ratio

Table 1.4.30 Siargao resorts Employee to Room Ratio
Resort Name Address No. of No. of
Employees Rooms
Isla Cabana Resort Poblacion 5, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 45 20
Jonas and Twins Catangnan, General Luna, Siargao, Surigao 7 9
Resort del Norte
Kalinaw Resort Catangnan, General Luna, Siargao, Surigao 20 5
del Norte
Kermit Surf & Dive Brgy 5, General Luna, Siargao, Surigao del 75 24
Camp Inc. Norte
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Lamari Siargao Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 12 14
Nay Palad Hideaway Malinao, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 59 10
Ocean 101 Beach Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 36 42
Resort
Retreat Siargao General Luna, Surigao del Norte 35 16
Resort
Sandyfeet Vacation Malinao, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 8 5
Home Rentals
Reef Beach Resort Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 34 22
Apsaras Tribe Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 9 38
Philippines Inc.
Siargao Bleu Resort Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 20 40
& Spa
Kalipay Resort Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 19 8
Villa Cali Resort Morbydalen 3, Catangnan, General Luna, 6 8
Surigao del Norte
Bravo Beach Resort Poblacion 5, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 92 22
Las Palmas Villas Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 17 12
and Casitas
Cherinicole Beach Poblacion 3, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 17 18
Resort
Kawayan Siargao Catangnan, General Luna, Surigao del Norte 6 2
Resort
Surfing Temple Surigao del Norte, General Luna, Catangnan 11 5
Buddha Resort Surigao del Norte, General Luna, Catangnan 8 7
Maison Bukana Surigao del Norte, General Luna, Malinao 25 4
Private Resort
Siago Beach Resort Purok 5, General Luna, Surigao Del Norte 16 8
TOTAL 577 339
The figure below shows the Employee to Room Ratio of Siargao Resorts. With Blue being the
employees and Orange being the rooms. The average ratio is around 7:3.
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Figure 1.4.77 Employee to Room Ratio
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Chapter I.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
Conclusion
The traditional process of psychological/emotional therapy nowadays is being disregarded by many. Most
of the people who experience emotional distress related conditions choose to travel as a way of breathing
out from these problems instead of the actual therapy, and the reasons behind this sad reality are 1. The
poor ambience of hospitals/clinics, 2. Public Stigma, 3. Self-Stigma, and 4. Going on a vacation is more
fun than the traditional therapy process. These issues contribute to growing number of people who are
experiencing stress and psychological related problems, and eventually leading to mental health problem.
To solve these issues, the researcher proposes a Therapeutic Resort Complex that will: promote emotional
therapy and holistic healing, provide a different setting for professional help seeking, provide a place where
psychological therapy and holistic healing can be fun and adventurous, and promote health and well-being
through Biophilic Healing Environment.
Based on the gathered data through all the methods, the researcher concludes that the presence of Biophilic
Design Patterns/Elements contributes directly to the health and well-being of the user of space. Thus,
Biophilic Design on the Proposed Therapeutic Resort Complex is an effective approach to develop a
Healing Environment.
Recommendations
It is recommended that thorough investigation and direct observation such as ocular visits, be used for a
richer study. Furthermore, it is suggested that various methods be considered in identifying viable
approaches for planning spatial design for facilities and amenities for the proposed therapeutic resort
complex. The research must also examine potential challenges in both architectural and environmental
factors that may arise, particularly those caused by natural disasters.
Design Recommendations
This project aims to develop a better healing environment through biophilic design. The researcher has
developed a study about a potential innovation that can be applied to this project. First is the Therapeutic
Flooring, second, the integration of Biological Waste to landscape and horticulture, and lastly, the use of
water management as part of the landscape.
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PART II: Research Focus
II.1 Rationale
The objective of this research focus is to develop a therapeutic resort that will be unique in function and to
set a good standard of a healing environment. The fusion of wellness and leisure will attract not only the
ones who seek healthcare approach but also the ones who seek fun and adventure. The target of the said
proposal is to be a world class in its kind as well as to set an example of how a resort can be an effective
and a better setting for emotional and holistic healing.
The rise of tourism should be carefully managed, and these visitors should be able to enjoy and cherish
their stay. By developing a therapeutic resort that is located in a province that is known for its calming
environment, this will complement the image of the province and become a prime wellness tourism
destination in the country. In order to attain these objectives, design advances should be emphasized, with
the goal always being to promote tourism in that specific location by creating a distinct structure that is
both exceptional in design features and services.
II.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project

The therapeutic resort showcases the point wherein health meets tourism. The modern resort concept is one
that is designed as an integrated development that reflects its compatibility with the natural surroundings
as well as potential advantages to local populace. Residents and the neighboring communities that surround
the resort should be included in the resort development process. People should be able to profit from direct
employment, commercial operations, and better community infrastructure and facilities. All of this is being
done to improve and optimize the resort's potential.
Basic principles may be applied to the proposed resort to complement its uniqueness. Conservation is the
base principle where the chosen site will be treated the utmost care. This involves the beach, terrain, and
large trees. The resort's overall design should be ecologically responsible, and it should maximize the use
of land in proportion to its purpose to prevent wasting space.
According to the Coastal Tourism Handbook of the Philippines, when determining exactly where buildings
and infrastructure should be located, planners should take into consideration the following:
General Considerations:
• Development considerations should give way to environmental concerns.
• Don't let established, customary patterns of landscape usage limit you too much. Consider
repurposing the landscape.
• Maintain both ecological integrity and economic viability.
• Emphasize simplicity, while respecting basic human needs of comfort and safety.
• Take full advantage of natural features such as wind, sun, shade, slopes, and vegetation.
• Assess feasibility of development in long-term social and environmental costs, not just short-term
construction costs.
• Plan to implement development in phases, to allow for the monitoring of cumulative
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environmental impacts and the consequent adjustments for the next phase.
Specific Considerations:
• Capacity - Every site has a development and human activity limit, no matter how difficult it is to
identify. Based on the sensitivity of the site's resources, the land's capacity to regenerate, and the
mitigating features included into the facility's design, a comprehensive site study should establish
this limit.
• Density - The relative benefits of visitor concentration vs dispersion of use should be carefully
considered while locating facilities. If amenities are spread appropriately, natural landscape values
may be simpler to retain. The concentration of constructions, on the other hand, leaves more natural
regions untouched.
• Wildlife - By carefully situating development and imposing limitations on building activities and
facility operation, you may avoid disrupting the migration, breeding patterns, feeding, and roosting
locations of threatened, endangered, or focal wildlife species. Allow visitors to become more aware
of the local animals (observe but not disturb). Also, be aware that tourism activities might
contribute to the introduction of invasive species in some environments, notably on islands.
• Views - Views are important since they enhance a visitor's experience. Views of natural elements
should be maximized, while views of visitor and support facilities should be minimized. To do so,
stay away from tall structures. Buildings should be hidden as much as possible from the air and on
ground arrival by remaining below the tree/horizon line. Colors utilized on the outside should
complement rather than conflict with the natural environment.
• Natural Hazards - Development should be located with consideration of natural hazards such as
precipitous slopes, dangerous animals and plants, and hazardous water areas.
• Energy and Utilities - In many prospective ecotourism destinations, conventional energy and
utility services are inadequate or nonexistent. Siting should take into account any off-site utility
connections or, more likely, the spatial requirements for on-site utilities.
A. Ventilation - Infrastructure should be placed to take advantage of natural ventilation
possibilities when consistent with esthetic and other considerations.
B. Organic Waste - Consider environmentally appropriate technologies and facilities for the
treatment of organic wastes, such as composting, septic tanks and biogas tanks.
C. On Site Utilities - Remember to account for any essential facilities, such as garbage storage till
removal, solar panels or other appropriate energy sources, maintenance buildings, and gray
water treatment sites.
D. Water - Water sources should be placed where they will not be impacted by other operations
and in a way that will not significantly change existing watercourses. Waterlines should be
placed as close to trails as feasible to avoid ground disturbance.
• Visitor Circulation Systems - Infrastructure elements such as accommodation and paths should
be strategically placed to maximize tourist circulation: short distances, little damage to natural
features, visitor accessibility, and so on. Trails should be built with environmental and cultural
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interpretation in mind, with attractiveness and sensitivity being the major deciding criteria in trail
location. Trails should be designed to accommodate a range of physical abilities and should form
a closed loop to prevent visitors from repeating their steps, thereby increasing their experience. If
vehicular access is possible, the extent of roads and other vehicular access routes should be
minimized. If a road is needed for supplying the lodge, consider using electric or hybrid vehicles
to transport supplies from the main road in order to reduce noise, water and air pollution.
• Conflicting Uses - If the site allows for multiple forms of visitor use, such as an ecolodge and a
campsite, make sure that these uses are physically separated so that they do not clash. When it
comes to locating support services and facilities, safety, visual quality, noise, and odor are all
important considerations. These spaces must be segregated from areas used by the general public
and circulation areas. Utilities, energy systems, and trash recycling sites may all be a good,
informative aspect of the ecotourism experience in some cases.
• Aesthetics of Building Design - Design should be sensitive to the aesthetics of a place, in addition
to regulatory issues. If the tourist facility is visible from a significant site or structure, it shall not
be taller than the location. The outside of the structure should also be in keeping with the
architectural style of the surrounding area. A good rule of thumb for seaside resorts is to keep
building heights equal to the height of the surrounding vegetation.
II.3 Application to the Project
Biophilic Design
Biophilic design is a modern and rapidly expanding technique of creating the environments in which
humans live, work, learn, play, and heal. Edward Wilson, a Harvard scientist, coined the word in his
1984 book Biophilia to describe our innate proclivity towards nature. In a world with rising populations,
urbanization, and increasingly hermetically sealed living spaces, biophilic design may obviously
promote wellbeing and wellness and even speed recovery. (Mazuch, 2019). The sole objective for
focusing on Biophilic Design for the proposed therapeutic resort is to maximize its healing and wel-
being benefits to its target users. Another thing is the aesthetics and sustainability benefits. The
emerging hotel and resort trends in South-east Asia are adapting Biophilic Design which led to rise in
tourism and economy. Additionally, multiple studies proved that tourists are now tapping into biophilic
designed hotels and resorts due to its numerous benefits towards their emotional, physical, and
physiological aspects. The proposed therapeutic resort will use a mixture of wood, natural stones, and
bare concrete, which are all elements of biophilic design. The innovation is to make the setting for the
therapeutic activities, be also therapeutic. To achieve this, biophilic elements will be integrated to the
resort’s design and produce a therapeutic environment. With this, the healing and rejuvenation
experience of the users will be more effective.
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Bioswale
Bioswale is a type of bioretention that is used to partly improve water quality, reduce possible floods,
and transport rainwater away from important infrastructure. They are often used as an alternative to or
an improvement of a typical stormwater piping. Bioswales are often incorporated to a landscape buff
to infiltrate and treat a portion of stormwater volume.
Bioswale benefits:
Figure 2.2.1 Bioswale Benefits
Bioswale Diagram:
Figure 2.2.2 Bioswale Diagram
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The storm water runs off through pavement and gets into the bioswale. Once in the bioswale, the
stormwater is infiltrated through soil mixture, and coarse aggregate layers. The infiltrated water is then
absorbed by the perforated pipe and will be used for toilet flushing, irrigation, and the resort’s water
feature.
Therapeutic Flooring:
The use of cobblestones for portions of indoor flooring and outdoor walk path will be applied
considering its numerous reflexology and earthing/grounding benefits. By applying this concept, the
users will experience the therapeutic benefits of grounding and reflexology even if they are just walking
or standing.
Figure 2.2.3 Therapeutic Flooring Benefits
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Part III: Site Selection and Analysis

Chapter III.1: Site Selection Process
Criteria for Site Selection
According to the Coastal Tourism Handbook of the Philippines, when determining exactly
where buildings and infrastructure should be located, planners should take into consideration the
following:
Figure 3.1.1 Site Selection Criteria
The project's site selection criteria are based on the Department of Tourism, and Coastal Tourism
Handbook of the Philippines. The major factors are considered, and the sub-categories were
presented to further evaluate the breakdown of the major factors.
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Physical Aspects:
Shore quality – one of the major factors in guest satisfaction in a resort is the quality of the shore.
Guests prefer fine white sand over a rocky shore.
Table 3.1.1 Shore Quality Rating System.
The site has a fine white sandy beach 5

The site has a fine white sandy beach with rocks 4
The site has a sandy beach (not white) 3
The site has a rocky shore 2
The site is near the port 1
Lot size – the proposed project involves a leisure & recreation facility, accommodation facilities,
wellness & therapeutic facilities, service facilities, and wide landscape area. Hence, the size of the
lot should be capable of accommodating the necessary spaces.
Table 3.1.2 Lot Size Rating System
4-5 hectares 5
3-4 hectares 4
2-3 hectares 3
1-2 hectares 2
Less than 1 hectare 1
Orientation – the site must be oriented against the Pacific Ocean (East) to avoid facing the
typhoon’s wind direction.
Table 3.1.3 Orientation Rating System.
West 5
Northwest/Southwest 4
North/South 3
Northeast/Southeast 2
East 1
Topography and slope – the topography and slope of the site should not be sharp to prevent the
need for a cut and fill method and is therefore safe from erosion.
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Table 3.1.4 Topography and Slope Rating System
Flat to minimal slope 5

Minimal to moderate slope 3
Sharp slope 1
Lot shape – the shape of the lot should be compatible with the proposed project. The shape usually
dictates the usability of the lot.
Table 3.1.5 Lot Shape Rating System.
Regular 5
Irregular 3
Linear 1
Location:
Adjacent roads – the site must be accessible by major or minor road.
Table 3.1.6 Adjacent Roads Rating System.
The site is located along the major road 5

The site is along the minor road 4
The site is accessible via access road (concrete) 3
The site is accessible via access road (rough road) 2
The site is an interior lot 1
Proximity to Airport – the site must be located near the airport for easy access.
Table 3.1.7 Proximity to Airport Rating System.
The site is within 10km radius from the airport 5

The site is outside 25km radius from the airport 1
Proximity to Major Tourist Attractions – the site must be located near the major tourist
attraction/s in the island.
Table 3.1.8 Proximity to Major Tourist Attractions Rating System
The site is within 5km radius of at least 5 tourist attractions 5
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The site is within 5km radius of 4 tourist attractions 4
The site is within 5km radius of 1 tourist attraction 1
Site Utilities:
Water – the site must have access to potable waterline.
Table 3.1.9 Availability of Water Rating System
Yes 5
No 0
Electricity – the site must have access to electricity.

Table 3.1.10 Availability of Electricity Rating System
Yes 5
No 0
Communications – there must be cellular signal on the site.

Table 3.1.11 Availability of Communications Rating System.
Yes 5
No 0
Drainage – the site must be connected to a proper drainage system.

Table 3.1.12 Availability of Drainage Rating System.
Yes 5
No 0
Hazards:
Flood Susceptibility – the site must have zero to low susceptibility to flooding.
Table 3.1.13 Flood Susceptibility Rating System.
Zero-Low 5
Moderate 3
High 1
Liquefaction Susceptibility – the site must be free from liquefaction hazard.

Table 3.1.14 Liquefaction Susceptibility Rating System.
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Zero-Low 5
Moderate 3
High 1
Sea Level Rise Susceptibility – the site must be free from sea level rise hazard.
Table 3.1.15 Sea Level Rise Susceptibility Rating System.
Zero-Low 5
Moderate 3
High 1
Storm Surge – the site must have zero to low susceptibility to storm surge.
Table 3.1.16 Storm Surge Susceptibility Rating System.
Zero-Low 5
Moderate 3
High 1
Zoning and Land Use – the site’s zoning and land use under the CLUP of the municipality should
be suitable to the proposed therapeutic resort. The site should be in the Tourism zone of the
municipality.
Table 3.1.17 Land Use Rating System.
Tourism 5
Others 0
Weighted Total Formula:

(Rating/5) x (Weight) = Weighted Total
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Site Option Description
The 3 site options are all located in Siargao Island. All are beachfront lots. There are no existing
structures on all the site options. The Site 1 is located in Municipality of Pilar. Site 2 is located in
Municipality of Dapa. The last option, Site 3, is located in Municipality of Santa Monica.
SITE 3
SITE 1
SITE 2
Figure 3.1.2 Site Options Map.

Source: Google Maps, 2021.
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Site 1: Pilar, Siargao Island, Surigao Del Norte

Municipality of Pilar, Surigao del Norte is a 5th class municipality in the province of Surigao del
Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 10,374 people. It is located
on Siargao Island, bounded by the municipality of San Isidro to the north, municipality of Del
Carmen to the west, municipality of Dapa to south and Philippine Sea to the east. It used to be a
barrio of Dapa until its creation as a separate municipality on October 31, 1953, by virtue of
Executive Order No. 638 issued by then President Elpidio Quirino. Pilar has a natural harbor
through a small inlet called Port Pilar. (DILG, n.d.).
Pilar has a land area of 9,985.70 hectares. It is composed of fifteen (15) barangays, eleven (11) of
which are classified as rural – Caridad, Datu, Jaboy, Maasin, Mabini, Dayaohay, Consolacion,
Katipunan, Salvacion and San Roque and classified as urban barangays are Punta, Asinan, Centro
and Pilaring. It is characterized by rugged and mountainous terrain, with the poblacion barangays
relatively flat. Further down the long narrow water passage is a vast mangrove swamp and
marshland and the others permanently wet areas. The town is accessible by passenger vehicles
whether jeepneys or motorcycles. Whether from the north or west-southwest, several towns and
barangays can be passed when getting to the town of Pilar. One has a choice of which vehicle to
take, there are jeepneys and the local motorcycle called the “habal-habal” that can transport
individuals to any part of the island. The town has a wharf which is also utilized as a fish landing
since marine transportation in the area is very risky considering the rough waves. There are no
other transportation facilities available in the area except for land transport vehicles that will take
passengers to nearby Dapa. (SDN, 2016).
The Site 1 in Pilar is located in Barangay Pilaring. Its shoreline is oriented to South and is filled
with white sand with rocks. The site is approximately 2 kilometers from the famous Magpopongko
Rock Pools and Flats and 5 kilometers from Paghungawan Marsh, a tourist attraction known as a
crocodile habitat in the island.
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SITE 1
Figure 3.1.3 Pilar Tourist Attractions Map.

Figure 3.1.4 Paghungawan Marsh. Figure 3.1.5 Magpopongko Rock Pool.

Source: Crocforum PH Source: Allword
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SITE 1 ON MAP:
Figure 3.1.6 Site 1 on map.
Figure 3.1.7 Shore condition of Site 1. Figure 3.1.8 Seaview from Site 1.
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Lot Plan of Site 1:
Figure 3.1.9 Lot Plan of Site 1.
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Area: 32,559 square meters
CLUP Zoning: Tourism
Road Network: Access Road to Siargao Circumferential Road
CRITERIA RATING WEIGHT WEIGHTED REMARKS

TOTAL
PHYSICAL ASPECTS (30%)
- Shore quality 4 8% 6.4 White sand with rocks
- Lot size 4 7% 5.6 32,559 sq. m. or 3.25Ha.
- Orientation 3 5% 3 Oriented to South
- Topography and Slope 5 5% 5 Relatively flat to very minimal slope
- Lot shape 3 5% 3 Irregular
LOCATION (20%)
- Adjacent roads 2 8% 3.2 Access road to Siargao Circumferential Road
- Proximity to airport 3 6% 3.6 16.9 km to Siargao Airport (22 min. drive via
Siargao Circumferential Rd.)
- Proximity to major tourist 2 6% 2.4 Magpopongko Rock Pools (2km)
attractions Paghungawan Marsh (5km)
SITE UTILITIES (20%)
- Water 5 5% 5 Yes
- Electricity 5 5% 5 Yes
- Communication 5 5% 5 Yes
- Drainage 5 5% 5 Yes
HAZARDS (20%)
- Flood susceptibility 5 5% 5 Zero

- Liquefaction susceptibility 1 5% 1 High
- Sea level rise susceptibility 5 5% 5 Low
- Storm surge 3 5% 3 Moderate
ZONING AND LAND USE 5 10% 10 Tourism
TOTAL 76.2%
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Site 2: Dapa, Siargao Island, Surigao Del Norte
The Municipality of Dapa lies south of Siargao Island. It is 36 nautical miles east of Surigao, the
capital of Surigao del Norte. A few nautical miles of the town is the famous Philippine Deep. Dapa
is a 4th class municipality in the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020
census, it has a population of 29,006 people. Most of the municipality is situated on Siargao Island,
but Middle Bucas Grande and East Bucas Grande Islands are also within its jurisdiction. It is
known as the "Growth Center of the beautiful islands of Siargao". It is divided into 29 Barangays.
(SDN, n.d.).
Site 2 is located in Barangay Don Paulino in Municipality of Dapa. It is approximately 4 kilometers

from the famous Naked Island, a small island known for its bare, treeless appearance which can
only be found during low tide. Another famous tourist attraction is the Maasin River Swing, which
is approximately 5 kilometers from the site. The site has a very rocky shore and is oriented to the
South.
SITE 2
Figure 3.1.10 Tourist Attraction Map of Site 2.

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Figure 3.1.11 Naked Island.

Source: Behold Philippines.
Figure 3.1.12 Maasin River Swing.

Source: Daily Travel Pill.
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SITE 2 ON MAP:
Figure 3.1.14 Site 2 Shore Condition. Figure 3.1.15 Site 2 Vegetation.
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Lot Plan of Site 2:
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Area: 12,001 square meters
Road Network: Right of way to Siargao Circumferential Road

TOTAL
- Shore quality 2 8% 3.2 Rocky shore
- Lot size 2 7% 2.8 12,001 sq. m. or 1.2Ha
- Orientation 3 5% 3 Oriented to South
LOCATION (20%)
- Adjacent roads 1 8% 1.6 Right of way to Siargao Circumferential Road
- Proximity to airport 3 6% 3.6 16.7 km (23 min. via Siargao Circumferential
Rd.)
- Proximity to major tourist 2 6% 2.4 Maasin River Swing
attractions Naked Island
- Water 5 5% 5 Yes
HAZARDS (20%)
- Flood susceptibility 1 5% 1 High

- Liquefaction susceptibility 1 5% 1 High
- Sea level rise susceptibility 3 5% 3 Moderate
- Storm surge 3 5% 3 Moderate
TOTAL 52.6%
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Site 3: Santa Monica, Siargao Island, Surigao Del Norte
Santa Monica, formerly known as Sapao, is a coastal municipality in the province of Surigao del
Norte. The municipality has a land area of 39.19 square kilometers or 15.13 square miles which
constitutes 2.01% of Surigao del Norte's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020
Census was 9,423. This represented 1.76% of the total population of Surigao del Norte province,
or 0.34% of the overall population of the Caraga region. Based on these figures, the population
density is computed at 240 inhabitants per square kilometer or 623 inhabitants per square mile.
The municipality has 11 barangays. (PhilAtlas, n.d.).
Site 3 is located in Barangay Alegria in Santa Monica. The site is oriented to the Northwest. It has
a very fine white sandy shoreline. One of the nearby tourist attractions is the Taktak Falls which
is located approximately 3 kilometers from the site. Another is the Alegria Beach which is less
than 2 kilometers from the site. Danjug Cave Nature Park is also located nearby which is only 600
meters from the site. Lastly, the Hagukan Diving Zone, a popular diving spot in Siargao is just 800
meters away from the site.
SITE 3
Figure 3.1.17 Site 3 Tourist Attractions Map.

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Figure 3.1.18 Taktak Waterfalls. Figure 3.1.19 Alegria Beach.

Source: Journey Era. Source: Sun Chasing Travelers.
Figure 3.1.20 Danjug Cave Nature Park. Figure 3.1.21 Hagukan Diving Zone.
Source: MindaNews. Source: Pinterest.
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SITE 3 ON MAP:
Figure 3.1.23 Site 3 Shore Condition. Figure 3.1.24 Site 3 Vegetation.
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Lot Plan of Site 3:
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Area: 47,471 sq. m.
Road Network: Along Siargao Circumferential Road

TOTAL
- Shore quality 5 8% 8 Fine white sand shoreline
- Lot size 5 7% 7 47,471 sq. m. (4.7Ha)
- Orientation 4 5% 4 Oriented to Northwest
LOCATION (20%)
- Adjacent roads 5 8% 8 Site is along Siargao Circumferential Road
- Proximity to airport 2 6% 2.4 24.8km via Siargao Circumferential Road
(36min drive)
- Proximity to major tourist 4 6% 4.8 Danjug Nature Park (600m)
attractions Hagukan Diving Zone (800m)
Alegria Beach (2km)
Taktak Falls (3km)
- Water 5 5% 5 Yes
HAZARDS (20%)
- Flood susceptibility 5 5% 5 Zero

- Liquefaction susceptibility 5 5% 5 Zero
- Sea level rise susceptibility 5 5% 5 Zero
- Storm surge 5 5% 5 Zero
TOTAL 92.2%
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Site Selection and Justification
Table 3.1.21 Site Comparison.
CRITERIA SITE 1 SITE 2 SITE 3

Physical aspects
- Shore quality 6.4 3.2 8
- Lot size 5.6 2.8 7
- Orientation 3 3 4
- Topography and slope 5 5 5
- Lot shape 3 3 3
Location
- Adjacent roads 3.2 1.6 8
- Proximity to airport 3.6 3.6 2.4
- Proximity to major tourist attractions 2.4 2.4 4.8
Site Utilities
- Water 5 5 5
- Electricity 5 5 5
- Communications 5 5 5
- Drainage 5 5 5
Hazards
- Flood susceptibility 5 1 5
- Liquefaction susceptibility 1 1 5
- Sea level rise susceptibility 5 3 5
- Storm surge 3 3 5
Zoning and Land Use 10 10 10
TOTAL 76.2% 52.6% 92.2%
Site 3 in Santa Monica got the highest rating which makes it the most suitable site for the proposed
therapeutic resort. The site’s white fine sandy shoreline makes it stand out among the site options.
It also has the biggest lot area. The orientation to Northwest makes it safe from the storm winds.
In terms of accessibility, the site is located along the major road – the Siargao Circumferential
Road. It also has the greatest number of nearby tourist attractions within the 5-kilometer radius.
The site is also free from all the hazards according to the hazard map of Surigao del Norte. The
site is also away from its competitors which are mostly located in Dapa and General Luna.
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Chapter III.2: Site Evaluation and Analysis
The Macro Setting
The province of Surigao Del Norte is a province in the Philippines located in CARAGA region. It
was formerly under the jurisdiction of Region10: Northern Mindanao. Its provincial capital is
Surigao City. This province contains two islands: Siargao and Bucas Grande. This mainland
portion borders Agusan del Norte - between the Municipality of Alegria, Surigao del Norte and
the Municipality of Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte; and Surigao del Sur, to the south. The province
has a total land mass of 1,972.93 square kilometers. There are twenty (20) municipalities, one (1)
city and its capital, 335 barangays and two (2) congressional districts. District I is composed of 9
municipalities in Siargao and Bucas Grande Islands. District II on the other hand has the 11
mainland municipalities and the city of Surigao (Surigao Del Norte, 2020). The provincial islands
comprise several caves and is usually rich in minerals. Rock formations are also present in the
islands (PhilAtlas, n.d.).
The topography on the province's mainland is varied, ranging from flat to rough to mountainous.
Mt. Diwata is a mountain range that runs through the towns of Tubod, Bacuag, and Mainit. Mt.
Buhangin, with an elevation of 664 meters, is located on the north-eastern portion of the Sison –
Placer – Mainit border, while Mt. Tendido, with a height of 865 meters, is located on the western
side of the Mainit – San Francisco boundary. Siargao Island's topography predominantly ranges
from mild to steep. The highest point is 291 meters above sea level and is located in the center of
Bucas Grande Island. The island's western and southern sides are covered with mangrove forests
and wide reef flats. The island lies close to the Philippine Deep, which is 10,700 meters below sea
level and is considered the trench's deepest point. (Surigao Del Norte, 2020).
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Figure 3.2.1 Surigao del Norte Provincial Map.

Source: Surigao del Norte LGU.
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Climate
The province has a climate type II, which has no distinct dry season but a highly distinct maximum
rainfall period from November to January. The 183 wet days in 2019 resulted in a total yearly
rainfall of 2,617.90 mm. The temperature fluctuates from 22.5 degrees C in February to 34.3
degrees C in May. (Surigao Del Norte, 2020).
Table 3.2.1 Macroclimate of Surigao del Norte.

Source: PhilAtlas
Surigao del Norte has the maximum number of daily hours of sunlight on average in August. In
August, there was an average of 9.72 hours of sunlight each day and a total of 301.26 hours of
sunshine. The province has the lowest average number of daily hours of sunlight in January. There
was an average of 6.77 hours of sunlight each day in January, for a total of 209.84 hours.
Throughout the year, Surigao del Norte receives around 2984.18 hours of sunlight. There are 98.03
hours of sunlight each month on average. (Climate-Data Org, 2020).
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Figure 3.2.2 Surigao del Norte Average Daily Sun hours per month.
Source: PhilAtlas.
Climate change issues and concerns:
An increase in ambient temperature, specifically the monthly mean temperature, will be

experienced, i.e., by about 1 degree C in 2020, and rising to 1.5 degrees C in 2050. (SIPLAS,
2016).
Table 3.2.2 Projected Monthly Mean Temperature for Surigao del Norte (2020 and 2050)
Source: SIPLAS Management Plan.
Land Classification
The total amount of alienable and disposable land (A&D) is projected to be 95,969 hectares (47.58
percent), including 71,632 hectares in Surigao Mainland and 24,337 hectares on Siargao and Bucas
Grande Islands. Of the total land area, 11,123 hectares have been used for settlement areas, 97,640
hectares for agricultural areas, 1,341 hectares for fishponds, 17,427 hectares for production forest,
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while other forest areas classified as open and closed forest total 30,175 hectares, 8,235 hectares
for mining and industrial use, 765 hectares for tourism areas, 14,162 hectares for mangrove areas,
and only 4 hectares for mangrove areas. A total of 20,801 hectares are designated for various land
uses, including 6,530 hectares of shrub land, 5,384 hectares of grassland, 8,531 hectares of brush
land, and 356 hectares designated as barren. (Surigao Del Norte, 2020).
Table 3.2.3 Land Classification for Siargao Island.

Socio-Economic Profile:
The economic activities in SIPLAS are heavily impacted by the development goals and programs
of the numerous LGUs, the Province of Surigao del Norte, and the many development
organizations that cover the Caraga Region. Caraga Region was designated as one of Mindanao's
seven Area Development Zones (ADZs) in 2000. This was operationalized in the Caraga Regional
Physical Framework Plan for 2004 to 2030, which expressly intends to convert the region into an
agri-fishery, mineral, and eco-tourism hub. (SIPLAS, 2016).
The Provincial LGU has designated SIPLAS's key tourism sites as priority development regions.
There are 27 kilometers of white sand beaches in General Luna and other parts of the Siargao
Islands, as well as flowing waterfalls, remarkable rock formations, fascinating caves, enormous
mangrove forests, marine parks, and tremendous waves for surfing. The province also intends to
pursue agro-fishery development in order to boost its tourism potential. (SIPLAS, 2016).
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Table 3.2.4 Development Thrusts of SIPLAS Municipalities.
The main socio-cultural influences in Surigao Del Norte, particularly in Siargao revolve around
the state of Tourism. Because of the tropical environment, the islands have a significant tourism
value. The area, notably Gen. Luna municipality, is one of the greatest surfing locations in the
country due to its location and exposure to strong winds from the Pacific Ocean, which produce
waves ranging from 6 to 12 feet. The massive limestone deposits in tiny island systems explain
why SIPLAS has so many white beaches. Total tourist arrivals in SIPLAS have been increasing
through the years; however, they only comprise 6% to 8% of total tourist arrivals in the Caraga
Region. (SIPLAS, 2016).
Table 3.2.5 Siargao Island Tourist Arrivals.

Source: Department of Tourism.
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Figure 3.2.3 Comparative Tourist Arrivals of Siargao Island. (2012 – 2019)

Table 3.2.6 Major Tourism Attractions in Siargao Island.

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Demographic and Social Profile:
Based on 2015 NSO survey, the province has a total population of 485,088 with an annual growth
rate of 1.76%
Table 3.2.7 Population and Land Area Profile Surigao del Norte.
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Flora and Fauna
a. Flora
The mancono (iron wood), payuspos (an indigenous species on the island), and certain dipterocarps
such as white lauan and yakal may be found on Siargao Islands. The documented flora of the island
is available in Table, and is based on an inventory done by the Ecotown Project in 2012 using
established transect plots. Siargao has a comparatively high amount of indigenous flora (46.3
percent). These include anislag, ipil, mancono, Maribojoc pine, and Sudjang. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Table 3.2.8 Siargao Flora

Source: SIPLAS, 2015
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b. Fauna
Siargao Islands also have a high fauna endemicity. The islands have 85 bird species that are 65
percent endemic, nine amphibian species that are 33 percent endemic, and 21 mammal species that
are 67 percent endemic. The Philippine cockatoo, Dinagat gymnure, and golden crown flying fox
are among important bird species found in SIPLAS. SIPLAS is also home to the critically
endangered tarsier (Tarsius syrichta). The oriole, telik, sewit, tiko, and takray are among the bird
species found in mangrove habitats. (SIPLAS, 2015).
Table 3.2.9 Siargao Fauna

Source: SIPLAS, 2015
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Accessibility
Surigao Del Norte has two airports: one in mainland which has flights bound to Manila and vice
versa every Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays via CebGo, and one in Siargao island which has
flights to manila and cebu (and vice versa) every Sundays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays
via Philippine Airlines and every Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays via CebGo. The province
also has four municipal seaports. (Surigao Del Norte, 2020).
Table 3.2.10 Surigao City Airport Flights

Source: Surigao del Norte LGU
Table 3.2.11 Siargao Airport Flights

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Table 3.2.12 Surigao City Seaport to Cebu Schedule of Trips
Table 3.2.13 Surigao City Seaport to Dinagat Island Schedule of Trips

Table 3.2.14 Surigao City Seaport to Dapa Schedule of Trips

Table 3.2.15 Dapa Seaport to Surigao City Schedule of Trips

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Figure 3.2.4 Transport Framework Map of Surigao del Norte.

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The Micro Setting
The Site
Figure 3.2.5 Selected Site.
The site is located in Barangay Alegria, Municipality of Santa Monica, Siargao Island, Province
of Surigao del Norte. The site is along Siargao Circumferential Road – a major road that connects
all the municipalities in the Siargao island. The total area is 47,471 square meters.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths:
- The site has a fine white sand shoreline.

- The site is in a developed area making all the site utilities available.
- The site’s terrain is relatively flat to minimal slope making it easy to be developed.
- There are 3 tourist attractions near the site, the Taktak falls, Alegria Beach, and Coconut
Road.
- Presence of competition is very minimal.
- The site is located along the major road.
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Weaknesses:
- The site has an irregular shape.

- The site has a short shoreline.
- The site is a bit far from the airport.
Opportunities:
- The existing vegetations can be preserved and be used as part of the landscape.
- There’s no traffic situation present in the site.
- The resort may easily standout because there are no therapeutic resorts in the island.
Threats:
- The site is a bit far from General Luna, the main tourism hub in Siargao.
Figure 3.2.6 Sun and Wind Analysis.
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The proposed site’s 4.7 hectares of land will be benefitted from natural wind in the Philippines,
which indicates that the wind direction passes through the left and right side of the site. The site is
oriented towards North-west direction. The sun path in the site indicates that the entrance portion
will be the hottest during the morning, while later in the day the beach side of the site is where the
sunset will take place. However, due to the presence of vegetation around the site, the proposed
site is shaded.
CLUP Justification
One of the focuses of the municipality of Santa Monica’s development thrusts is Tourism. This is
seen in the Siargao Islands Protected Landscapes and Seascapes Management Plan.
Table 3.2.16 Santa Monica Development thrusts.

The compatibility of CLUP to the proposed project: the selected site for the proposed
therapeutic resort complex is located in the tourism zone of the SIPLAS management zones. As
the proposed structure mainly involves tourism and wellness facilities, the proposed site is
compatible to the proposed therapeutic resort complex.
Figure 3.2.7 Siargao Land Use Map.
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Source: SIPLAS Management Plan
Hazards
The proposed site is free from any potential flooding hazard according to the latest hazard map of
Surigao Del Norte.
Figure 3.2.8 Flood Susceptibility Map.

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The proposed site is free from liquefaction hazard, although the nearby areas are considered as
moderate to high susceptible to liquefaction.
Figure 3.2.9 Liquefaction Susceptibility Map.

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The proposed site, as well as the majority of Santa Monica, is free from sea level rise hazard
according to the SDN Hazard Map.
Figure 3.2.10 Sea Level Rise Susceptibility Map.

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The proposed site is also free from storm surge hazard according to the SDN Hazard Map.
Figure 3.2.11 Storm Surge Susceptibility Map.

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Related Laws and Ordinances
A. The compatibility of CLUP to the proposed project: the selected site for the proposed
therapeutic resort complex is located in the tourism zone of the SIPLAS management
zones. As the proposed structure mainly involves tourism and wellness facilities, the
proposed site is compatible to the proposed therapeutic resort complex.
Figure 3.2.12 Land Use Map.

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B. Rules and regulations to govern the accreditation of hotels, tourist inns, motels,
apartels, resorts, pension houses and other accommodation establishments.
Resort –any place or places with pleasant environment and atmosphere conducive to comfort,
healthful relaxation and rest, offering food, sleeping accommodation and recreational facilities to
the public for a fee or remuneration.
Section 7. Kinds of Resorts.

Resorts may be categorized as beach resort (located along the seashore), inland resort (located
within the town proper or city), island resort (located in natural or man-made island within the
internal waters of the Philippine Archipelago), lakeside or riverside resort (located along or near
the bank of a lake or river), mountain resort (located at or near a mountain or hill) and theme parks.
Section 8. Classification of Resorts.

For purposes of accreditation, resorts shall be classified as follows:
Class "AAA"
Class "AA"
Class "A"
Special Interest Resort
Section 12. Requirements for a Special Interest Resort.
The following are the minimum requirements for the operation and maintenance of a Special
Interest Resort:
a. Location
The camp and ground sites shall be well-drained and not subject to flooding. It shall be distant
from any source of nuisance and shall not endanger sources of any water supply and other natural
resources.
b. Lounge and Reception Counter
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There shall be a reception counter and a reasonably furnished lounge commensurate with the size
of the resort.
c. Room Accommodations
There shall be at least five (5) lettable bedrooms for permanent site operations, sufficient and fresh
supply of clean linen, mirror and electric fan except in places where electricity is not available.
For movable operation, a minimum of sixteen (16) guests plus the staff shall be accommodated in
tents, lean-tos and the like. Where permanent tents are used, flooring shall be at least four (4)
inches above the ground. Tents shall be provided with adequate beddings suitable for tropical use.
Theme parks may be exempted from this requirement.
d. Toilet and Bathroom

There shall separate clean toilet and bathroom facilities for male and female guests which shall be
provided with sufficient supply of running water and situated in appropriate and accessible areas.
The same shall be supplied with soap and toilet paper. Adequate portable chemical toilets shall be
provided at the camp site for mobile groups. In the absence of chemical toilets, temporary sanitary
latrines shall be provided based on acceptable Philippine standards.
e. Lighting, Furnishing and Ventilation

Lighting arrangement and furnishings in all rooms shall be of good 51 standard. In areas where
there is no electrical power, each room shall be provided with non-hazardous portable lights.
Adequate means of ventilation shall also be provided.
f. Staff and Service

Adequate number of trained, experienced, courteous and efficient staff shall be employed. They
shall wear clean uniforms at all times. The frontline staff shall have a good speaking knowledge
of English.
Section 13. General Rules on the Operation and Management of Resorts.
a. Maintenance and housekeeping
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Maintenance of all sections of the resort shall be of acceptable standard, and shall be on a
continuing basis, taking into consideration the quality of materials used as well as its upkeep.
housekeeping shall be of such a standard ensuring well-kept, clean and pollution-free premises. A
vermin control program shall be regularly maintained in all areas of the resort. Regular and
hygienic garbage disposal system shall be maintained. Sanitation measures shall be adopted in
accordance with the standards prescribed under P.D. 856, the Code on Sanitation of the
Philippines.
b. Lifeguard and security

All resorts shall provide the services of a sufficient number of well-trained lifeguards duly
accredited by either the Philippine National Red Cross, the Water Life Saving Association of the
Philippines or any recognized organization training or promoting safety objectives, and adequate
security whenever there are guests.
c. Medical Services
All resorts shall provide the services of a physician, either on-call or on full-time basis, depending
on their volume of operation and accessibility to hospital or medical centers. In additions, resorts
shall employ adequate first aiders who have completed a course in first aide duly certified by the
National Red Cross or any other organization accredited by the same. Adequate first aide
medicines and necessary life-saving equipment shall be provided within the premises.
d. Fire-fighting facilities
Fire-fighting facilities shall be provided in accordance with the Fire Code of the Philippines.
e. Signboards
Appropriate signboards shall be conspicuously displayed outside the establishment clearly
showing the name and classification of the resort as determined by the Department.
f. Beach and lakeside resort

There shall be placed on a beach or lakeside resort an adequate number of buoys which shall be
spread within the area to be determined by the resort owner or keeper as safe for swimming
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purposes, an in compliance with the existing government regulations and/or local ordinances on
the placing of such buoys.
g. Designated area
The distance fronting the area of the resort with adequate number of buoys as provided in the
preceding section shall be designated as the area for swimming purposes, and no boat, banca or
other crafts shall be allowed to enter the areas so designated. The resort owner or his duly
authorized representative shall be empowered under these rules to enforce the above, and shall
likewise designate a portion of the beach front to be used exclusively for loading and unloading of
resort guests, unless otherwise designated elsewhere by rules and regulations specific to the area.
h. Precautionary measures
1. In no case shall the resort management allow swimming at the beach front beyond 10:00
p.m. and appropriate notice shall be posted to inform the resort guests of this regulation.
2. Night swimming at the pool shall be allowed only if there are adequate lifeguards on duty
and when the pool premises are sufficiently lighted.
3. Management shall post sufficient and visible signs in strategic areas in the resort or at the
beach to warn guests/customers of the presence of artificial or natural hazards, danger areas or
occurrences threat.
i. Prohibited acts and practices

1. No pets or animals shall be allowed to bathe/swim along beaches. Likewise, "pukot"
fishing and washing of fishing nets shall be strictly prohibited in beach resorts.
2. Resort owners shall prohibit ambulant vendors from peddling their wares within the resort
premises in order to provide their guests a certain degree of privacy to enable them to relax and
enjoy their stay threat.
3. Littering in resorts shall be strictly prohibited. Resort owners shall keep their premises
clean and shall adopt their own anti-littering measures. Without prejudice to existing ones no resort
shall be established or constructed within a radius of five (5) kilometers from any pollutioncausing
factory or plant."
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C. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1067: The water code of the Philippines
ARTICLE 51:
The banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout their entire length
and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters in agricultural areas and
forty (40) meters in forest areas, along their margins, are subject to the easement of public use in
the interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. No person shall be allowed to
stay in this zone longer than what is necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing or
salvage or to build structures of any kind.
Figure 3.2.13 Setbacks for Beachfront

D. SIPLAS Management Plan
a. Waste management
With the increasing number of resorts and other recreational facilities in Siargao Islands, and the
influx of local and foreign tourists, it is imperative that efficient solid waste management (SWM)
and wastewater management (WWM) systems be implemented. The LGUs will have to comply
with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and the Clean Water Act.
E. PD 1096: National Building Code of the Philippines

F. National Accommodation Standards – Department of Tourism
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Chapter III.3: Site Development Options
Micro Site Analysis
The site will be subdivided into 7 zones. The Main Zone, which houses the reception and office
facilities, the Accommodation Zone, which is composed of all the accommodation units, the Food
& Beverage Zone, which houses the Main Restaurant and the Floating Café, the Recreation Zone,
which houses the recreational amenities such as pools and lounges, the Wellness Zone, which
houses the Fitness Gym, Yoga, Nature Trekking, and Organic Cooking facilities, the Therapeutic
Zone, which is composed of Clinics, Therapeutic Spa, and Hydrotherapy, and the Utilities &
Support Zone, which houses all the service and support facilities.
Space Programming
1. Main Zone
Table 3.3.1 Main Zone Space Programming
Zone Facility Spaces Area No. of Total
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Main Zone Entrance
Porte-Cochere - - 50
Parking - - 150
Reception
Lobby 4 30 120
Front Desk 2 4 8
Concierge 2 1 2
Cashier 2 2 4
Luggage Storage 9
Bell Captain Counter 2 3 6
Lounge 90
Restrooms 30
Travel Agency 40
Souvenir/Gift Shop 30
Back of the House
Executive and Administration
- General Manager 15
- Administration Office 32
Resort Operations
- Operations Dept. 35
- Accounting & 25
Purchasing Dept
- Sales and Marketing 35
Conference Room 2 10 20
Staff Common Area
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Lockers & Changing Room 18
Staff Cafeteria 90
Restrooms 30
Front Office
Front Office Manager 1 9
Front Desk Agents 3 12
Telephone Operator 2 1 2
Reservations Supervisor 2 1 2
Reservation Agents 2 2 4
2. Accommodation Zone
Table 3.3.2 Accommodation Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Accommodation Villas
Zone
Standard Villa 2 30
De Luxe Villa 4 80
Family Villa 5 200
Master Villa 6 300
Healing Villa 2 250
3. Food and Beverage Zone

Table 3.3.3 F&B Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Food and Main
Beverage Zone Restaurant
Buffet Serving Area 0.65 15 9.8
Dining 120 300
Restrooms 30
Floating
Café
Dining 60 150
Counter 10
Restrooms 30
Service &
Support
Service Entrance 10
- Sanitation
- Staff Lounge/Lockers 18
Staff Restrooms 18
Main Kitchen 100
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Auxiliary Kitchen 70
Quality Check Station 8
Waiter Pickup & Dish Return 8
Dishwashing Station 8
Kitchenware & Utensils 12
Storage
Pantry 30
Supply Releasing Desk 5
Wine & Beverage Storage 12
Supplies Delivery Dock 18
Receiving Office 6
Storage 20
Temporary Waste Disposal 5
Offices
Dietician Office 5
Executive Chef’s Office 5
Restaurant Supervisor 5
Food and Beverage Director 6
4. Recreation Zone
Table 3.3.4 Recreation Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Recreation Zone Pool Area
Adult Pool 3 100 300
Kiddie Pool 3 25 75
Pool Lounge Area
Shower Rooms 40
Restrooms 30
Pump Room 40
Lifeguard Station 5
Clubhouse
Lounge 150
Kids Lounge 40
5. Wellness Zone
Table 3.3.5 Wellness Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Wellness Zone Common Area
Reception Area 60
Dressing Room and Lockers 20
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Shower Rooms 20
Restroom 30
Fitness
Gym (Outdoor) 4 25 100
Gym (Indoor) 4 25 100
Storage 9
Yoga
Preparation Area 12
Yoga Pavilion 4 20 80
Nature Trekking
Meeting Area 60
Organic Cooking
Group Kitchen 5 8 40
Storage 6
Chef’s Office 6
Dining Area 30
6. Therapeutic Zone
Table 3.3.6 Therapeutic Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Therapeutic Common
Zone Spaces
Lobby 2 10 20
Reception Desk 2 3 6
Waiting Area 2 10 20
Restrooms 30
Shower Rooms 20
Lockers & Changing Room 30
Storage 12
Staff Room 15
Staff Pantry 15
Spa
Outdoor Spa
Outdoor Massage Cabana 9
Outdoor Kawa 9
Indoor Spa
Massage Room 12
(Single/Double)
Sauna 3 3 9
Control Room 4
Hydrotherapy
Water Aerobic Pool 2.2 15 33
Jacuzzi 2 3 6
Hydrotherapy Pool 2.2 10 22
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Pump Room 20
Clinic
Reception 2 2 4
Waiting Area 2 10 20
Doctor’s Clinic 12
Nurses Station 9
Laboratory 20
Examination/Treatment Room 20
Aesthetician’s Office 1 5
Aesthetic Treatment Room 12
Counseling Room 2-3 12
Storage 9
Restrooms 30
7. Utility and Support Zone

Table 3.3.7 Utility and Support Zone Space Programming
per users Area
user (m2)
(m2)
Utility and Common
Support Zone Area
Staff Lounge/Lockers 24
Pantry/Kitchenette 30
Restrooms 20
Housekeeping
Housekeeping Manager’s 9
Office
Housekeeping Supervisor 5
Clean Linen Storage 9
Soiled Linen Storage 6
Toiletries Storage 6
Releasing/Receiving 2.5 2 5
Cleaning Supplies/Equipment 24
Laundry/Dry
Cleaning
Laundry Supervisor 2.5 2 5
Receiving/Releasing 2.5 2 5
Clothing Storage 6
Laundry/Drying Room 20
Dry Cleaning 12
Ironing Station 9
Hotel
Surveillance
Security Services Office 2.5 3 7.5
Head Security Officer 5
Assembly Lounge 16
Monitoring Room 9
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Medical
Services
First Aid Clinic 9
Electronics
Department
Server Room 6
Supply Room/Storage 4
Supervisor 5 1 5
Repair Station 2.5 2 5
Electrical
Main Electrical Room 70
Emergency Power Generator 13.5
Alternative Energy Storage 10
Supply Room/Equipment 10
Storage
Electrical Supervisor’s Office 5 1 5
Electricians/Repair Station 2.5 2 5
Plumbing
Water Filtration 30
Pump House/Plumbing 12
Water Heaters 5
Water Tank 18
Waste
Disposal
Materials Recovery Facility 25
Grease Room 12
Bottle Storage 9
Composting Facility 50
Garbage Truck Loading 20
Releasing Office 9
Landscaping
Maintenance
Gardener’s Quarters 4 5 20
Storage 12
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Site Development Options

Scheme 1
ACCOMMODATION
SERVICE ZONE F&B ZONE
ZONE
RECREATION ZONE
THERAPEUTIC
ZONE
MAIN ZONE WELLNESS ZONE
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Scheme 2
WELLNESS
ZONE
THERAPEUTIC
ZONE
MAIN ZONE
ACCOMMODATION
ZONE
RECREATION
ZONE
SERVICE ZONE
F&B ZONE
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ANNEX
Annex 1: Survey Questionnaire
ARCHITECTURAL THESIS SURVEY

Hi! I'm Tracy Amorato, a 4th year BS Architecture student with specialization in Project
Construction Management from Mapua University - Manila, Philippines. I'm currently doing my thesis -
A PROPOSED THERAPEUTIC RESORT COMPLEX IN SIARGAO ISLAND: DEVELOPING A BETTER HEALING
ENVIRONMENT THROUGH BIOPHILIC DESIGN. The goal is to present a therapeutic resort complex that
focuses on holistic healing.
My target respondents would be local and foreign tourists. I would love to consider your insights
regarding wellness and tourism.
*Required
This is SIARGAO. Hailed as one of the best islands in the world; top 5 in Asia by Conde Nast
Traveler. It is located at the province of Surigao Del Norte in Mindanao Philippines. It is known
for its pristine beaches, and a sweet taste of simple island life.
1. Name
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2. Nationality *
Mark only one oval.
Filipino
Other:
3. Age *
Mark only one oval.
18-26
27-44
45-56
57 and older
4. Which of these emotional problems have you experienced? *
5. When you experience any of those problems stated above, what do you do to overcome
it? *
Mark only one oval.
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Go on a stress-free vacation
Go to Spa
Go to the hospital to consult a professional
6. If you did not choose to go to the hospital to consult a professional, what would be the
reason? *
Tick all that apply.
Poor ambience of hospitals

Public stigma (the negative or discriminatory attitudes that others have about mental illness.)
Self stigma (the negative attitudes, including internalized shame, that people with mental illness
have about their own condition.)
Spa/Vacation is more fun
Other:
7. If you would visit a therapeutic resort, what are the features that you want to
see/experience? (Feel free to suggest something that is not on the list) *
8. What bores you in a resort?
9. When it comes to your hotel room, which do you prefer? *
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Mark only one oval.
Fixed glass window with nature views
Full glass doors leading to a balcony with nature views
10. Which type of bathroom do you prefer? *
Mark only one oval.
Closed indoor
Indoor with views of outdoor
11. Would you like to have aromatic plants inside your room? *
Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
12. Which type of hotel corridor would you prefer? *
Mark only one oval.
Closed
Open-air
13. Which type of hotel lobby would you prefer? *
Mark only one oval.
Conventional (closed)
Open-air
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14. During daytime, which type of lighting would you prefer? *
Mark only one oval.
Natural sunlight entering the room
Artificial lighting
15. Which effect does being surrounded by nature bring towards your emotions? *
Mark only one oval.
Positive (Calming, Relaxing, etc)
Negative (Boring, Irritating, etc)
16. What are your usual complains when it comes to resort facilities? *
Poor lighting
Lack of presence of nature
Long walkways
Small room space
Lack of shadings
17. Listed below are the potential wellness activities in the proposed resort. Please check the
items that you are interested in. *
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Yoga classes by the nature
Underwater aerobics
Sunrise nature trekking
Workout sessions
Massage therapy
Outdoor spa
Organic cooking sessions
Facial treatments
18. Where do you usually spend your time when in a resort? *
Mark only one oval.
Inside my room
Outdoors
19. If you answered "inside my room", what is your reason for preferring to stay indoors?
20. Unlike the crowded island destinations in the Philippines such as Boracay and Palawan,
the Siargao Island boasts its pristine beaches, unspoiled nature, and a sweet taste of
island life. Would you like to experience it? * Mark only one oval.
Yes
No
This content is neither created nor endorsed by Google.
Forms
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MAPUA UNIVERSITY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design, and Built Environment

A Proposed Therapeutic Resort Complex in Siargao Island: Developing a Better Healing

AMORATO, TRACY KATE T.

PART 1: The Problem and its Background

Chapter 1.1: General Overview

Background of the study………………………………………….…….…………………….27

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….………….…….……...31

Objectives, Goals, and Strategies ……………………………………………………………32

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………..………….……...33

Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………..33

Chapter 1.2 Review on Related Literature and Studies

Reviews of Related Literature…………………………………………………….…………37

Tourism Industry in the Philippines…………………………………………………37

The Evolving Landscape of Domestic Travel in the Philippines: A study of

The Rise of Health Tourism Industry in the Philippines…………………….………43

Biophilic Design on Tourism and Hospitality…………………………..………..…51

The Healing Power of Nature…………………………………………………….…53

Biophilia Healing Environments……………………………………..……………..55

Biophilic Hotel Lobbies…………………………………………….………………57

Biophilic Hotel Guest Rooms…………………………………………………...….58

Biophilic Spas and Wellness………………………………………………………..59

Biophilic Design Patterns………………………………………...…………………60

The Elements of Biophilic Design………………………………….………………62

Wellness Retreat Spaces……………………………………………………...…….64

Designing for Spas………………………………………………..………………..66

Designing Hotel Spaces…………………………………………..………….…….69

Reviews of Related Projects………………………………………………………………100

The Farm at San Benito, Batangas, Philippines………………………...………...100

Badian Island Wellness Resort, Cebu, Philippines…………………………….…102

ParkRoyal Hotels, Singapore…………………………………….…….……..…103

Supertree Grove at Gardens by the Bay, Singapore…………………….……….106

Amezcua Wellness Center, Metro Manila, Philippines…………………….……106

Four Seasons Langkawi, Malaysia………………………………………………107

Chapter 1.3 Research Methodology…………………………………………/……..…109

Population and Sampling………………………………………………………..110

Data Gathering Procedures……………………………………………………...111

Chapter 1.4 Results and Discussion…………………………………...……………...113

Presentation of Collected Data………………………………………………….113

Summary of Findings and Analysis…………………………………………….156

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis………………………………………….184

Chapter 1.5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusions and Recommendations ………………………………….………..192

PART 2: Research Focus and Innovation……………………………………...……193

Chapter 2.1 Rationale……………………………………………………...…………193

Chapter 2.2 Principles and Relevance to the Project……………………………….193

PART 3: Site Identification and Analysis………………………...………………..198

Chapter 3.1 Site Selection Process………………………………………………….198

Criteria for Site Selection……………………………………………………..198

Site Option Description ………………………………………………………203

Site Selection and Justification………………………………………………..219

Chapter 3.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis………………………………………….220

The Macro Setting…………………………………………………………….220

The Micro Setting……………………………………………………………..233

Related Laws and Ordinances………………………..……………………….240

Chapter 3.3 Site Development Options……………………………………………..246

Micro Site Analysis……………………………………………..…………….246

Proposed Site Development Plan……………………………………..………252