CLUSTER 2 ASSESSMENT

GRADE 10

GEOGRAPHY
PRE - MID YEAR EXAMINATION
JUNE 2024

MARKS: 150
TIME: 3 Hours

This question paper consists of 14 pages

GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
2

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

This question paper consists of THREE questions.

SECTION A
QUESTION 1: CLIMATE AND WEATHER (60 MARKS)

SECTION B
QUESTION 2: GEOMORPHOLOGY (60 MARKS)

SECTION C
QUESTION 3: MAPSKILLS AND CALCULATIONS (30 MARKS)

1. Answer ALL THREE questions.

2. All diagrams are included in the question paper

3. Leave a line between subsections of questions answered.

4. Start EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

5. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper.

6. Do NOT write in the margins of the ANSWER BOOK.

7. Draw fully labelled diagrams when instructed to do so.

8. Answer in FULL SENTENCES, except where you have to state, name, identify or list. Write in full
sentences when answering paragraph questions.

9. Units of measurement MUST be indicated in your final answers, e.g. 1 020 hPa, 14 °C and 45 m.

10. You may use a non-programmable calculator.

11. You may make use of a magnifying glass.

12. Write neatly and legibly.

SECTION C: ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

A 1:50 000 topographic 2930 CA MERRIVALE and 1:10 000 orthophoto map 2930 CA 5
MERRIVALE are to be used.

The area demarcated in RED on the topographic map represents the area covered by the orthophoto
map.

Show ALL calculations and formulae where applicable. Marks will be allocated for this.
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
3

SECTION A: CLIMATE AND WEATHER

QUESTION 1

1.1 Choose the correct term in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write the
letter (A–J) next to the question number (1.1.1–1.1.8) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example
1.1.9 J.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.1.1 Seeping of water into the soil A. Reservoirs
1.1.2 Upper level of underground water B. Sublimation
1.1.3 Return of moisture from the atmosphere to the ground C. Run-off
1.1.4 Movement of water on the Earth’s surface usually after heavy D. Condensation
rainfall
1.1.5 Change of state of water from solid to liquid E. Precipitation
1.1.6 Amount of water vapor in the air F. Transpiration
1.1.7 Release of water by plants into the atmosphere G. Infiltration
1.1.8 Large water bodies can be referred to as natural… H. Watertable
I. Humidity
J. Melting
(8 x 1)(8)
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
4

1.2 Refer to Figure 1.2 showing the structure of the atmosphere and answer the questions that
follow by naming the layers of the atmosphere represented by letter A to G. Write only the
letter next to the question. Example. 1.2.8 H

adapted from: https://www.swlauriersb.qc.ca/schools/mccaig/teachers/dstrina/layersofatmospherestbooklet

1.2.1 Layer in which human live

1.2.2 Layers that show increase in temperature with increase in height
1.2.3 Layer in which weather processes take place
1.2.4 Layer in which supersonic flights fly in
1.2.5 Layer in which temperatures are highest
1.2.6 Layer in which good ozone is found
1.2.7 Layer labeled E
(7 x 1)(7)
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
5

1.3 Refer to figure 1.3 and answer the questions that follow

Adapted: www.newport.com/medias/sys_master/images/images/h0d/h30/8798458707998/LS-
155a-600w.gif

1.3.1 Define the term insolation (1 x 2)(2)

1.3.2 Name three ways in which insolation is lost before reaching the Earth’s
surface (3 x 1)(3)
1.3.3 Determine the total amount of insolation that is absorbed (2 x 1)(2)
1.3.4 Apart from clouds, explain ONE other factor responsible for atmospheric
scattering of insolation (1 x 2)(2)
1.3.5 Give a reason as to why depletion of ozone will lead to more insolation
reaching the Earth’s surface (1 x 2)(2)
1.3.6 Describe TWO factors that lead to 51% of insolation being absorbed by the
Earth surface (2 x 2)(4)
[15]
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
6

1.4 Refer to figure 1.4 and answer the questions that follow

Ozone Depletion and Climate Change

Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the Earth. It absorbs solar
ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. It also absorbs infrared radiation emitted
by the Earth's surface, effectively trapping heat in the troposphere. Therefore, the climate
impact of changes in ozone concentrations varies with the altitude at which these ozone
changes occur.
The major ozone losses that have been observed in the lower stratosphere due to the human-
produced chlorine- and bromine-containing gases have a cooling effect on the Earth's
surface. On the other hand, the ozone increases that are estimated to have occurred in the
troposphere because of surface-pollution gases have a warming effect on the Earth's
surface, thereby contributing to the "greenhouse" effect.
The increase in carbon dioxide is the major contributor to climate change. Carbon dioxide
concentrations are increasing in the atmosphere primarily as the result of the burning of coal,
oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation. The atmospheric abundance of carbon
dioxide is currently about 30% above what it was 150 years ago. The relative impacts on
climate of various other "greenhouse" gases are also shown on the figure.
source:https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/research/ozone-uv/moreinfo?view=deleption-climate-change#

1.4.1 Define the term Ozone depletion (1 x 2)(2)

1.4.2 Identify ONE importance of ozone layer as mentioned in the article (1 x 1)(1)
1.4.3 Name ONE greenhouse gas from the article (1 x 1)(1)
1.4.4 Identify ONE contributing cause of ozone depletion by humans in the article (1 x 1)(1)
1.4.5 Describe ONE possible impact of ozone depletion (1 x 2)(2)
1.4.6 In a paragraph not more than EIGHT lines, Explain the possible strategies
that can be implemented to reduce ozone depletion (4 x 2)(8)
[15]

1.5 Refer to figure 1.5 and answer the questions that follow
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
7

Adapted from: https://www.weathersa.co.za/Documents/Publications/20220518_31082022081000

1.5.1 Which front A or B represent a cold front (1 x 1)(1)

1.5.2 Define the geographical term isobars as represented in the synoptic chart
above (1 x 2)(2)
1.5.3 Which season is represented by synoptic weather map above (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.4 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 1.5.3 (1 x 2)(2)
1.5.5 Draw the weather station model of Cape Town with the following conditions:

Air temperature: 4oC

Dew point temperature: - 4oC
Wind direction: South West
Wind speed: 25 knots
Cloud cover: 3/4 (5 x 1)(5)
1.5.6 Discuss TWO possible impacts of heavy rainfall caused by cold front on the
natural environment (2 x2)(4)
[15]
TOTAL SECTION A: 60
SECTION B: GEOMORPHOLOGY
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
8

QUESTION 2
2.1 Read the question bellow (2.1.1 – 2.1.7). Various options are provided as possible answers.
Write only the correct option next to the question number. Example 2.1.8 D

2.1.1 Layer of the Earth that is broken into smaller pieces know as plates

A outer core
B crust
C mantle
D inner core

2.1.2 Molten magma can be found in this layer

A inner core
B crust
C outer core
D mantle

2.1.3 Mohorovic discontinuity refers to the boundary between

(i) mantle
(ii) nickel
(iii) silicon
(iv) crust

A (i) and (iii)

B (ii) and (iv)
C (i) and (iv)
D (iii) and (iv)
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
9

2.1.4 The oceanic crust is made up of silicon and magnesium which are known
as

A silica
B sial
C sima
D silicate

2.1.5 The temperature of the inner core can reach up to …oC

A 1600
B 2700
C 5200
D 3700

2.1.6 The thickness of the mantle is up to … KM

A 50
B 1900
C 2700
D 700

2.1.7 The state matter of inner core is

A liquid
B viscous
C gas
D solid
(7 x 1)(7)
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
10

2.2 Choose the correct term in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A. Write the
letter (A–J) next to the question number (2.2.1–2.2.8) in your ANSWER BOOK, for example
2.2.9 J.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
2.2.1 Vibrations on the surface of the Earth A. Epicentre
2.2.2 The point where the Earthquake begins B. Richter scale
2.2.3 An instrument used to measure shockwaves of an Earthquake C. Topple trees
2.2.4 Plate movement leading to Earthquakes D. Tsunami
2.2.5 An impact of Earthquake E. Fertile soil
2.2.6 An instrument used to measure the magnitude of an Earthquake F. Focus
2.2.7 Vibrations on the seafloor leads to G. Convergent
2.2.8 The point on the Earth surface where most damage is done H. Seismograph
I. Divergent
J. Earthquake
(8 x 1)(8)

2.3 Refer to figure 2.3 and answer the questions that follow

Adapted: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/igneous

2.3.1 Identify THREE types of rock visible in figure 2.3 (3 x 1)(3)

GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
11

2.3.2 Which type of rock does limestone belong to (1 x 1)(1)

2.3.3 What process does rock type B undergoes to become rock type C (1 x 1)(1)
2.3.4 Explain what weathering is (1 x 2)(2)
2.3.5 Differentiate between rock strata and fossils (2 x 2)(4)
2.3.6 Describe TWO possible uses of rock type C in figure 2.3 (2 x 2)(4)
[15]

2.4 Refer to figure 2.4 and answer the questions that follow

Source: https://pt.slideshare.net/SayantaniSingh/the-continental-drift-theory-by-fb-taylor

2.4.1 Name the scientist responsible for continental drift theory (1 x 1)(1)
2.4.2 Name supercontinent and ocean that existed 100 millions of years ago (2 x 1)(2)
2.4.3 Which TWO modern countries which were once part of Gondwana (2 x 1)(2)
2.4.4 Differentiate between convergent boundary and divergent boundary (2 x 2)(4)
2.4.5 Explain THREE pieces of evidence that proves the theory of continental
drift (3 x 2)(6)
[15]
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
12

2.5 Refer to the case study below and answer the question that follow

Major health threats from a volcanic eruption

Most shield volcanoes are formed from fluid, basaltic lava flows. Mauna Kea and Mauna
Loa are shield volcanoes. They are the world's largest active volcanoes, rising over 9 km
above the sea floor around the island of Hawai'i. A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a
planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to
escape from a magma chamber.
Volcanoes spew hot, dangerous gases, ash, lava, and rock that are powerfully destructive.
People have died from volcanic blasts. Volcanic eruptions can result in additional threats to
health, such as floods, mudslides, power outages, drinking water contamination, and
wildfires. Health concerns after a volcanic eruption include infectious disease, respiratory
illness, burns, injuries from falls, and vehicle accidents related to the slippery, hazy
conditions caused by ash. When warnings are heeded, the chances of adverse health
effects from a volcanic eruption are very low.

2.5.1 Define the term Volcano (1 x 2)(2)

2.5.2 What type of volcano is mentioned in the case study (1 x 1)(1)
2.5.3 Explain TWO negative impacts of volcanoes on the environment according
to the article. (2 x 2)(4)
2.5.4 In a paragraph not more than EIGHT lines discuss possible strategies to
minimize the impact of volcanoes (4 x 2)(8)
[15]
TOTAL SECTION B 60
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
13

SECTION C: GEOGRAPHICAL SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES

QUESTION 3
3.

Merrivale is a town in Umgungundlovu District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of

South Africa. Village 145 km north-west of Durban and 5 km south-east of Howick. Named
after Herman Merivale, Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1848.

3.1 MAP CALCULATIONS

3.1.1 Calculate the gradient between spotheight 1142 in block D3 orthophoto
map and spotheight 1154 in block B3 if the vertical interval is 12 metres
and horizontal equivalent is 10,7 cm
(3 x 1)(3)
𝐕𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐥 (𝐇)
Formula: Gradient = 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐭 (𝐃)
GEOGRAPHY/GRADE10 NSC CLUSTER 2 /JUNE 2024
14

3.1.2 Give a reason as to why the gradient calculated is gentle (1 x 2)(2)

3.1.3 Calculate the area of an orthophoto map in KM2 as seen in topographical
map (5 x 1)(5)
[10]
3.2 MAP INTERPRETATION
3.2.1 Name the province in which Merrivale is located (1 x 1)(1)
3.2.2 Which town is the nearest to Merrivale (1 x 1)(1)
3.2.3 Determine whether slope 7 on an orthophoto map is steep or gentle (1 x 1)(1)
3.2.4 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 3.2.3 (1 x 2)(2)
3.2.5 Does the river H in block B1 flows Northwards or Southwards? (1 x 1)(1)
3.2.6 Give a reason for your answer in QUESTION 3.2.5 (1 x 2)(2)
3.2.7 Use TWO pieces of evidence from topographic map which shows that
Merrivale experiences yearly rainfall (2 x 2)(4)
[12]
3.3 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
3.3.1 Define the term G.I.S (1 x 2)(2)
3.3.2 List THREE components of GIS (3 x 1)(3)
3.3.3 Refer to block A3 in topographic map and identify ONE natural polygon (1 x 1)(1)
3.3.4 Explain what an attribute data is (1 x 2)(2)
[8]
SECTION C 30
GRAND TOTAL 150