Form 2 Worksheet Booklet 2020

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Form 2 worksheets BOOKLET
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1/1/2021
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Class……………….
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Form 2 worksheets BOOKLET 2021
UNIT 1.0: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
1.3-Gene Technology
Genetic Engineering
1. The diagram below shows a process of science where by a faulty gene of maize plant is
replaced by a new gene from another maize plant.
(a) Name the technology shown on the diagram above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Explain the purpose of replacing the faulty gene with the new one on the maize plant.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………...………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) Define a gene.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [1]
Compiled by Mr Basebi contact: +267 76135203 Page 1

(d) The diagram below shows the benefit of genetic engineering on the maize plant.
(i) Name a problem solved by the method of gene technology illustrated above.
problem……………………………………………………………………………………………………...
solution………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...………. [2]
(e) State any other two benefits of genetic engineering.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(f) List two limitations of genetic engineering.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………...……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

UNIT 2.0: PLANTS, ANIMALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
2.1-Living Matter
Adaptation
1. Figure 5 shows a camel and a llama.
Camels live in hot environments. Llamas live in cold environments.
Table 2 gives information about stored fat in a camel and in a llama.
(a) Suggest why most of the fat is found in different parts of the body of the two animals.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

(b) Name and explain another adaptive characteristic of a Llama to cold environments.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) Define the term adaptation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
2. Plants and animals living in hot, dry habitats have adaptations to survive.
Figure 9 shows an acacia tree.
(a) Suggest how the root system helps the acacia tree to survive in dry habitats.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…..……………………………………………………..………………………………………………… [2]

Figure 10 shows one leaf from an acacia tree above and one leaf from a tree that lives in a cool,
moist habitat. The leaves are drawn to the same scale.
(b) Use information from Figure 4 to suggest how the leaf of the acacia tree helps the tree to
survive in hot, dry habitats.
…………………………………….……………..…………………………………………………………
………….………………………………………………..……….……………………………………… [2]
(c) State two human activities that may impact negatively on adaptation of organisms in an
ecosystem.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [2]

2.4-Ecosystems
Characteristics of Ecosystems
1. The diagram below shows some organisms that live in and around the pond.
(a) Each box below contains a description of a term and to the right of the boxes are terms. Use
a line to join each box to the correct term.
[2]
(b) Name one Biotic and one abiotic factor found in the ecosystem above.
Biotic factor …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Abiotic factor …………………………………………………………………………………….…….. [2]

(c) Name a habitat for the water lily.
………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) Describe the relationship that co-exists between the water lily and the fish in the pond.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
Feeding Relationships of Organisms
1. Fig. 5.1 shows a food chain.
(a) (i) Name the trophic level of each of the following organisms in the food chain shown in
Fig.5.1.
tree..........................................................................
caterpillar..................................................................
bird…………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) A pesticides is introduced to control the caterpillar on trees.
(i) Which organism will have a high concentration of this pollutant?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Explain why? …………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

2. The diagram below shows a jigsaw representing energy transfer between organisms in an
ecosystem. Use it to answer question 2.
(a) In which form is energy transferred between the organisms in the jigsaw.
………………………………………………………………..………………………………………….. [1]
(b) Use the organisms from the jigsaw to draw a food chain showing three energy levels.
[2]
(d) A student is given a jigsaw piece of decomposers. On the jigsaw diagram above, show by
drawing, where the piece should be placed. [1]

3. Over a period of several months, a student recorded some activities of the wild life in a
particular habitat. The following observations appeared in her notebook.
(a) Complete Fig. 3.1 by filling in the names of the organisms to show the feeding relationships
in this community.

(b) (i) What name is given to a chart of feeding relationships as shown in Fig. 3.1?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Name two top carnivores observed by the student.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………. [2]
4. Fig. 4.2 shows a food web of a freshwater pond and Fig. 4.3 shows the same pyramid of
biomass as was shown in Fig. 4.1.
(i) In the boxes for trophic levels 2 and 4 in Fig. 4.3, write the letters (A to K) of all the
organisms that are members of these trophic levels. [2]

(ii) An outbreak of a bacterial disease that affects only mosquito larvae occurred in the pond.
Predict and explain two of the effects this might have on the hydra population.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [4]

2.5-Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Reproductive Parts of a Flower
1. Fig. 1.1 shows a section through a flower.
(a) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a line from each box to show the position of all given parts of a flower.
(ii) State one function of an anther and one of a petal.
anther..............................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
petal.................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Flowers produce seeds.
Name the part of a flower that develops into seed.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

Pollination and fertilisation
(a) Fig. 3.1 shows how pollination takes place in two different species of plant, species P and
species Q.
(i) Using the information in Fig. 3.1, suggest and explain how each of these species of plant is
pollinated.
species P
type of pollination.............................................................................................................................
explanation…...................................................................................................................................
species Q
type of pollination.............................................................................................................................
explanation................................................................................................................................. [4]
(ii) Name the agent of pollination in species P above.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. [1]

2. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a flower. A pollen grain has been deposited on the stigma.
(a) Use the letters in Fig. 4.1 to identify
• the part of the flower that will die as the fruit is formed ............................................
• the part of the flower that will form the seed .............................................
• the part of the flower that will form the fruit wall. .............................................
• the part of the where activation of pollen takes place. ............................................. [4]
(b) On Fig. 4.1, draw and label the pollen tube and the nuclei as they would appear just before
the nuclei fuse. [2]
(c) (i) Name the process that has occurred in bringing the pollen grain to the stigma.
.............................................................. [1]

(ii) State how this process has been brought about in this flower and give two reasons for your
answer.
how the process has been brought about ......................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
reason 1 .........................................................................................................................................
reason 2 ..................................................................................................................................... [3]
3. Fig. 3.1 shows a flowering head of wheat, and individual flowers before and after opening
flowering head.

The anthers release most of their pollen before the flower opens. The rest is released after the
flower opens.
(a) Name the type of pollination found in the wheat plant before the flower opens.
....................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Using the information provided by Fig. 3.1,
State the agent of pollination in the wheat plant after the flower opens.
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
reason……………………………………………………………..……………………………………. [1]
Seed Dispersal
1. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a ripe fruit of a tomato plant.
(a) (i) Suggest a method of seed dispersal for the seeds in the tomato fruit above.
………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………. [1]
(ii) Describe how the following structures help the seed to be dispersed like you suggested on
(a) (i).
red, shiny epicarp and fleshy mesocarp…………………………………………………………………
………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Seed with an enzyme-resistant covering………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………...………………………………………………………………. [1]

2. The diagram shows the fruit of a plant.
(a) Suggest why this fruit is most likely to be wind-dispersed.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
3. The diagram shows the fruit of a plant.
(a) (i) Suggest a method of seed dispersal for the fruit above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) Suggest one structural adaptation that helps the seeds to be dispersed like you suggested.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

UNIT 3.0: MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
3.1-The Nature of Matter
Dissolution of Matter.
1. The diagram below shows a solution made by dissolving a solute in a solvent.
(a) From the diagram name the following:
Solute ……………………………………..
Solvent ……………………………………… [2]
(b) Name solution X.
…………..………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) Describe what is meant by saturated solution.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(d) Water, is referred to as a, universal solvent. Explain why.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….………………………………….. [1]

2. Describe how you would make a solution of sodium chloride (salt) that had a final volume of
500 ml and a final concentration of 0.75 g/ml. (show calculations that you make)
Calculations:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………...……………………. [4]
3. What is the percentage concentration of a solution that contains 50g of sugar in 400g of a
solution?
…………………………..% [3]
4. A bottle of coke fizzes when opened. Explain why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………...………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

3.3-Components of Air
Carbon dioxide
1. Fig. 4.1 shows the apparatus used to investigate production of carbon dioxide gas.
(a) State two observations made during the investigation.
…………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………….………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Describe the positive test for carbon dioxide.
Test …………………………………………..…………………………………………………………
Results …………………………………………………….…………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………… [2]
(c) Relate one property of carbon dioxide to its use.
………………………………………………………...…………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………...………………………………………….. [2]
(d) Complete the word equation below.
Hydrochloric Acid + calcium carbonate ………………….. + ………………. +………...........
[3]

Oxygen
1. Figure 9.1 shows production of Gas X in the laboratory using hydrogen peroxide and
catalyst Y.
(a) Label the following:
(ii) Catalyst Y ……………………………………………….
(iii) Gas X ……………………………………………….. [2]
(b) Describe how you would carry out the experiment to produce Gas X you named at 1 (a) (ii).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]
(c) Explain the role of catalyst X in the experiment above.
………………………..………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(d) Complete the word equation below.
[1]

(e) Describe how you would test for the gas produced from the experiment in figure 9.1.
Test
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Results
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(f) State one useful property of the gas produced fig 9.1 and state where it is applied.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………...……………………………………………………………………………. [2]
2. The set- ups X and Y below were used to investigate the burning of fuels in the air. Use it to
answer question 1.
(a) In which set- up will the candle burn the longest?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(i) Explain your answer.
…………………………………………………...………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Burning of fuels is similar to respiration. What will appear on the walls of both jars after the
candle has gone off?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
……………………………………………………………………………...……………………………. [1]

(c) What observations would be made on the lime water after the candles have gone off?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
……………………………………………………………...……………………………………………. [1]

UNIT 4.0: SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
4.4-Human Development and Care
Pregnancy
1. Fig. 3.1 shows some stages in human reproduction.
(a) Name the process about to occur at A and state where in the reproductive system it normally
occurs.
process............................................................................................................................................
where it occurs ...........................................................................................................................[2]

The two embryos develop, are born and grow to become adults.
(b) Suggest two ways in which these two adults must be similar to each other, and explain your
answers.
1.......................................................................................................................................................
2.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
explanation
.........................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................ [1]
2. The diagram below shows a foetus attached to the placenta.
(a) Name the part labelled X.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Complete the table below to compare the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood
moving in and out of the foetus. Use words “less, more or equal.”
[2]

(d) Give two reasons why blood of a mother should not mix with that of the foetus.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………… [2]
(e) Describe the role of placenta.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
3. Fig. 10.1 shows an early stage in the birth of a baby.
(a) The unborn baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid.
Describe one function of this liquid.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The list describes six stages in the birth of a baby.
They are not in the correct order.
Complete the boxes by writing the descriptions of the stages in the correct order.
Two of the stages have been completed for you.
[3]

Child Care
1. Name two ways in which a pregnant woman can keep her baby healthy.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
2. State and explain two nutritional needs for a lactating mother.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
3. State two advantages of breast feeding over bottle feeding.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………...……………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
4. Explain why it is important for pregnant mothers to be tested for HIV.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

UNIT 5:FORCE MOTION AND ENERGY
5.3-Investigating Forces
Types of Forces
1. The diagram below shows a car moving along a level road. Use it to answer question 1.
(a) State whether the speed of the car will increase, decrease or remain constant when the
driving force and the backward force are equal.
………………………………………………………………...…………………………………………. [1]
(b) The diagram below shows the forces acting on the car later in the journey.
Calculate the resultant force and state the direction.
Resultant force…………………………. [1]
Direction …………………………. [1]
(c) The mass of a car is 1 000kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the car.
Acceleration …………………………….. [2]
(d) At the end of the journey, the driver applied some brakes and the car stopped. Name the
force that helped the car to stop?
…………………………………………………………..……………………………………...……….. [1]

2. Fig. 2.1 shows a sky-diver falling vertically downwards at terminal velocity.
Arrows X and Y show the two main forces acting on the sky-diver.
(a) (i) State the name of force X and the name of force Y.
X......................................................................................................................................................
Y................................................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Explain why force Y acts upwards.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) When the sky-diver first started to fall, forces X was greater than force Y.
(i) Describe and explain the effect of the unbalanced forces on the motion of the sky-diver.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Force of Friction
1. Fig. 1.1 shows demonstration of movement of two metal balls in two different liquids. The
aim is to find out how viscosity of a fluid affects the friction force in fluids.
(a) Name any two constant variables in the experiment on fig. 1.1.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) State your observations.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(c) Write your conclusion.
…………………………..………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………..………………………………….. [2]
(d) Define the term viscosity.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. [1]
(e) Name any other factor which affects friction in fluids.
………………………………………...…………………………………………………………………. [1]

2. State two ways by which force of friction can be reduced.
…………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………….…………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
3. State two ways by which force of friction is applied in everyday life.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
Measuring Force
1. A student wishes to find the density of a stone. He uses a measuring cylinder and a force
meter. The measuring cylinder, force meter and stone are shown in Fig. 1.1.
The student knows that the gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.
(a) State the SI unit for force.
……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. [1]
(b) Describe how the student uses the spring balance to find the mass of the stone.
.........................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................ [2]

(c) Describe how the student uses the measuring cylinder to find the volume of the stone.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) The mass of the stone is 150 g and its volume is 70 cm³.
Calculate the density of the stone.
density of stone = ...............................................[1]
(e) The stone is taken to another place, where the gravitational field strength is less than 10 N /
kg. State how this affects the mass and the weight of the stone.
mass................................................................................................................................................
weight......................................................................................................................................... [2]

Atmospheric Pressure
1. The set- up below is used to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure on liquids.
(a) What would be observed when the cap is loosened?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Explain your answer in (a).
………………………………………………………...……………………………………………………..
………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(c) Define the term atmospheric pressure.
………...…………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) State two effects of atmospheric pressure.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

2. The diagram shows an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.
(a) Name the instrument above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(b) Which labelled length is measured when finding atmospheric pressure?
……………………………………………………………………………………………...……………. [1]
(c) The density of mercury is 13 600 kg / m3 and the gravitational field strength g is 10 N / kg.
Calculate the pressure due to the column of mercury of length 0.76 m.
pressure = .................................................. [2]

3. The following are two satellite images that show different weather patterns.
(a) State the type of weather expected from the two regions.
Region A …………………………………………
Region B ………………………………………… [2]
(b) Explain what happens to the atmospheric pressure when the isobars are close together.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [1]
(c) What are isobars?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

5.4-Motion
Linear Motion
1. The speed-time graph of part of a journey is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Using the letters A to E, identify the point on the speed-time graph at which the motion changes
(a) from constant speed to constant deceleration, ............................... [1]
(b) from rest to non-uniform acceleration. ............................... [1]

2. Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for a journey made by a cyclist between town A and
town B.
The cyclist leaves town A at time t = 0 and arrives at town B at t = 4.0 hours.
(a) (i) Determine the distance between the two towns.
distance = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) Determine the time for which the cyclist rests during the journey, before he reaches town B.
time = ......................................................... [1]
(b) The speed of the cyclist near the end of the journey is greater than the speed at the
beginning.
State how the graph shows this.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Calculate the average speed of the cyclist for the journey from A to B.
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
3. Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph for a car travelling along a horizontal road.
(a) On Fig. 1.1, mark and label a point where the car has a non-uniform deceleration. [1]
(b) Calculate the deceleration of the car at t = 3.0 s.
deceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(c) Explain, in terms of the horizontal forces that act on the car, why its speed is constant at
t = 1.0 s.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................ [2]

5.5-Properties of Light
Reflection of Light
1. (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a ray of light incident on a mirror at X. The incident ray makes an angle of
50° with the surface of the mirror.
(i) Complete Fig. 4.1 to show the normal and the reflected ray at X. [1]
(ii) State the values of
1. the angle of incidence, ............................................... [1]
2. the angle of reflection. ............................................... [1]
(b) Define the term reflection.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]

2. A candle flame emits light in all directions.

Two rays from point P on the flame are incident on a mirror, as shown in Fig. 9.1.
(a) (i) On Fig. 9.1,
1. draw a normal at each point where a ray is incident on the mirror,
2. draw the reflected rays from the mirror,
3. complete the diagram to show how the virtual image of point P is formed. [3]
(ii) Comment on the distance from point P to the mirror and the distance from the virtual image
of point P to the mirror.
………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

3. Figure 3 below shows two sides of a spoon, outside bowl and inside bowl.
(a) State which side is concave or convex mirror? Give explanation below.
(i) Concave
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Explain ………………………..…………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(ii) Convex ………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Explain …………………..………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Relate the property of the following curved mirrors to their use.
Property of concave mirror………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
use of concave mirror…………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
property of convex mirror………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Use of convex mirror…………………………………...……………………………………………… [2]

4. (a) A boy looks at himself in a mirror and waves his hand. Fig. 5.1 shows what he sees in
the mirror.
(i) Which hand is he waving?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) State one use of a plain mirror.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

Refraction and Dispersion
1. Fig. 21.1 shows a ray of light incident on one side of a glass block in air.
(a) On Fig. 21.1, draw a normal to the glass block where the ray is incident on the block. [1]
(b) On Fig. 21.1, draw the ray passing
(i) through the block, [1]
(ii) into the air. [1]
(c) Use the following letters to label refracted and emergent ray.
Refracted ray (R)
Emergent ray (E) [2]

2. (a) A ray of light refracts as it travels from air into glass, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
(i) State which angle w, x, y or z, is the angle of refraction.
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) If angle X is 20°, what is the value of angle W?
angle W= ……………. [1]
(iii) Define the term Refraction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

3. The glass prism in Fig. 9.1 is used to split white light from the Sun into different colours.
(a) On fig.9.1 draw and label,
Refracted ray as (R),
Emergent ray as (E). [4]

4. White light is a mixture of seven colours.

Fig. 5.1 shows a ray of light through a triangular prism.
The white light splits into colours, only blue and red light are shown.
(a) Explain why the red and the blue light separate as shown.
Use the term wavelength in your answer.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) When a ray of white light passes through the prism, it spreads into a spectrum of seven
colours that can be seen on the screen.
(i) What is the name of this spreading effect? Tick one box.
(ii) Which colour is deviated least by the prism? ..................................................... [1]
(iii) Which colour is deviated most by the prism? ..................................................... [1]

5. Fig. 12.2 shows the paths of light rays from a fish in a river to the eye of a fisherman.
(i) Explain what happens to these rays of light as they travel from the fish to the fisherman’s eye.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [2]
(ii) Explain why this may cause a problem for the fisherman trying to spear the fish?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………...………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(iii) On fig. 12.2 using rays, show the
position of the virtual image and label it I
apparent depth and label it A
real depth and label it R. [3]

6. Fig. 4.1 is a ray diagram representing two ray passing through a converging lens.
(a) (i) Label the focal point of the lens with the letter F. [1]
(ii) Measure the focal length of the lens.

Focal length = ……………………………… cm [1]
(b) On fig. 4.1 draw another ray parallel and below the principal axis until it passes through the
lens. [2]
(c) Name two instruments that use a convex lens.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. [2]
(d) Describe how a rainbow is formed.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………..……………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

7. Diagram below shows a ray of light through a periscope.
(a) Complete the diagram to show the path of light ray. [2]
(b) Name the type of mirrors used in a periscope.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) State a use for a periscope.
…………………………………………...………………………………………………………………. [1]

8. The diagram below shows a simple camera. Use it to answer question 8.
(a) Name the type of lens used.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) State one similarity between the human eye and a camera.
…………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….. [2]
(c) A simple camera was not working properly such that it formed blurred images. Suggest any
two reasons why it formed blurred images.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]

The Eye
1. Fig. 2.1 shows a section through the eye.
(a) (i) Use letters from Fig. 2.1 to identify the part that
Function part
is a screen where image is formed
focus light rays on the retina
controls the amount of light entering the eye
controls the thickness of the lens

allows light to enter the eye
transmit impulses to the brain

[6]

(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a student’s eye in normal conditions.
Fig. 2.3 shows the eye after a particular event.
(i) Describe the difference in the appearance of the eye.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest what may cause the change shown between Fig. 2.2 and Fig. 2.3.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Fig. 6.1 shows the front part of an eye in darkness.
(i) On Fig. 6.2, complete the diagram to show the eye in a well-lighted room.

2. Measurements were made of the diameter of the pupil of a person’s right eye over a period
of five minutes in a darkened room.
During this time, a light of varying intensity was shone into the person’s right eye.
The results are shown in Fig. 3.1.
(a) Use Fig. 3.1 to answer the following questions.
(i) When is the pupil most dilated?
from ...................... mins to ...................... mins [1]
(ii) When is the intensity of the light entering the eye at its greatest?
from ...................... mins to ...................... mins [1]
(iii) Suggest when the light intensity decreases most rapidly.
from ...................... mins to ...................... mins [1]
(b) Name the structure in the human eye which brings about changes in pupil size.
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) During this experiment, the left eye stays in the dark.
On Fig. 3.1, draw a line to show the diameter of the pupil of the left eye. [1]
(d) In the pupil reflex, where are the receptors?
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
3. (a) The diagram below shows the appearance of the eye lens of a person when looking at a
nearby object. On the space, draw the appearance of the eye lens when a person is looking
at a distant object.
[2]
(b) (i) Name the process that enables the eye lens to change its shape.
………...…………………………………………………………………………………………….…… [1]
(ii) Name the part of the eye that controls the thickness of the eye lens.
……………………………………………………………………………………….……………..……. [1]

Eye Defects and Diseases
1. A short-sighted person can see near objects clearly but not far objects.
Fig. 7.2 shows how the lens of an eye with this defect would focus rays from a far object.
(a) State what type of lens is used to correct this defect.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) On Fig. 7.3, show how this type of lens is used to focus rays from the far object.
[3]

2. Fig. 5.2 shows a normal eye viewing an object close to it. Fig. 5.3 is a long-sighted eye
viewing an object at the same distance.
(a) Complete Fig. 5.3 to show the rays travelling through the eye. [1]
(b) State what type of lens is used to correct this defect.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(d) On Fig. 5.4, show how this type of lens is used to focus rays from the near object.
3. An eye disease is caused by bacteria called chlamydia trachomitis.

(a) Name the eye disease mentioned above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) State one sign for the disease you mentioned above.
……………………...……………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) Name any other eye disease.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

5.6-Heat Energy
Effects of Heat
1. Figure 5.1 shows a thermostat which is used to control temperature of air in a room.
X and Y are strips of two different metals, joined together along their length. Together they are
called a bimetallic strip. X expands more than Y for the same temperature.
(a) The temperature rises and the bimetallic strip bends. State
(i) Which way the bimetallic strip bends?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(ii) What happens to the contacts?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(iii) What happens to the current in the circuit?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

2. A metal ring and a wooden rod are shown in Fig. 13.1.
The hole in the metal ring is too small for the wooden rod to fit inside it.
When the metal ring is heated, the wooden rod now fits inside it.
The wooden rod is pushed into the hole in the hot metal ring and the metal ring is cooled. The
wooden rod cannot be removed.
(a) Explain why
(i) the wooden rod will fit inside the metal ring when the ring is heated,
………......................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) the wooden rod cannot be removed when the metal ring cools.
………......................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) When the hot metal ring is placed on one end of the wooden rod, as shown in Fig. 13.2, the
other end of the rod remains cool.
Explain why the other end of the rod remains cool.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
3. Use the diagram and the information below to answer question 16.
A company installed electric cables between pylons P, Q and R as shown. The installation
was done during a hot day.
During an inspection of the installed electric cables, it showed that the company had made a
mistake.
(a) From the diagram, identify the mistake made by the company in installing the electric
cables.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]

(b) Describe how the mistake can be of danger to people.

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
4. Thermal expansion can be a problem.
Small gaps are left in railway lines and in bridges, as shown in Fig. 3.1.
(a) Explain in detail why the gaps are needed.
…………….......................................................................................................................................
…………….......................................................................................................................................
……………….............................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) State one other problem caused by thermal expansion and explain how it can be solved.
………………….......................................................................................................................... [1]

Methods and Applications Heat Transfer
1. Four different materials A, B, C and D are at room temperature.
They are heated at one end by the same heat source, as shown in Fig. 7.1.
After 2 minutes of heating, temperature sensors are used to measure the temperature at
different points along each material.
The results are shown in Table 7.1.

(a) (i) State which material, A, B, C or D, is the best thermal conductor.

Explain your answer.
material.......................
explanation................................................................................................................................
……............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Name the method by which heat is transferred through the materials.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………… [1]
(b) Use the results in Table 7.1 to determine the room temperature.
..................................................... ºC [1]
2. Fig. 15.1 shows a heater emitting infra-red radiation.
Two metal plates are placed equal distances from the heater.
One plate has a shiny white surface and the other plate has a matt black surface.
(a) Explain why the plate with the matt black surface heats up more quickly than the plate with
the shiny white surface.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the method of heat transfer from the heater to the metal plates.
……………………………………………………………………………………………...……………. [1]
(c) There is a large air-gap between each plate and the heater.
Suggest why there is very little heating of the plates by
(i) conduction, .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
3. Fig. 3.1 shows a metal coffee cup on a metal warming plate.
There is a small electrical heater inside the warming plate that keeps the plate hotter than the
coffee.
(a) Describe how heat is transferred through the metal and then to all of the liquid in the cup.
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) A cup of a different shape is placed on the same heater, as shown in Fig. 3.2. The two cups
are made of the same metal and contain the same amount of coffee.
Explain why the coffee in the cup in Fig. 3.2 is not kept as warm as the coffee in the cup in Fig.
3.1.
….....................................................................................................................................................
…................................................................................................................................................ [2]
4. Fig. 6.1 shows two experiments to investigate energy transfer in water.
(a) Name the process in Experiment 1 which takes the energy from the water at the bottom to
the ice at the top.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. [1]
(b) Explain the observation made on Experiment 2.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………...…………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

5. The diagram below shows a fire place in a house.

Use it to answer question 5.
(a) Through which method is heat transferred from the fire place to the rest of the house?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….. [1]
(b) Explain why the smoke cannot spread inside the house.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......
………………………….....................................................................................................................
……………………………............................................................................................................ [3]
(c) What energy change takes place when firewood burns?
………………………. …………………. + Heat [2]

6. Fig. 3.1 shows a vacuum flask, designed to allow liquids such as coffee to remain hot for
several hours.
Explain how each of the following helps to keep the coffee hot.
(a) the screw stopper
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) the silvered glass walls
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) the vacuum between glass walls
.........................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... [2]

Temperature Regulation
1. Describe a way by which your body regulates temperature when it is:
(a) Cold
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]
(b) Hot
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
2. In an experiment it was reported that an obese man was able to swim for 2hrs in cold water of
temperature 16°C with no change in his body temperature. A thinner man could only swim for
30 minutes in the same water and his body temperature dropped to 34°C.
(a) Explain what brought the difference in temperature drop?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
3. State two behavioral changes animals do in extreme temperatures to regulate body

temperature?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

UNIT 7.0: THE HUMAN BODY
7.3-Communication in Humans
The Nervous System
1. Fig. 8.1 shows a generalised reflex arc.
(a) (i) Identify the three neurones labelled X, Y and Z.
X ....................................................
Y ....................................................
Z .................................................... [3]

2. The diagram below shows parts of the nervous system which are used to coordinate the
response of a hand as it accidentally touches a hot object. Use it to answer questions 2 (a)
and (b).
(a) Name the neurons X and Y.
X …………………………………………….
Y ……………………………………………. [2]
(b) Describe what happens when nerve impulses arrive at point Z?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(c) From the list below, circle the two voluntary actions.
playing swallowing blinking singing breathing [2]

3. Tebogo was pricked by a sharp thorn on her finger. The diagram below shows the electrical
pathways for messages to and from the central nervous system.
(a) Name the parts labeled P and Q
P …………………………………………
Q ………...………………………..….…. [2]
(b) What type of action is demonstrated in the diagram?
………………………………………………………………………………….................................... [1]
(c) Name the parts that represent the following in fig. 3.1.
(i) Receptor ………………………………………….
(ii) Effector ………………………………………….. [2]

Hormones
1. Below is a list of hormones and the functions of some of them.
Draw a line to connect a hormone with its function. One has already been done for you.

2. Name the hormone, released after a meal, which controls the level of glucose in the blood.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(a) Fig. 5.1 shows some organs in the body of a woman.
(b) On Fig. 5.1, label and name the gland which produces the hormone you mention in question
2. [2]
(c) On fig. 5.1, show where the growth hormone is produced and label it Y. [2]

UNIT 8.0: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
8.1-Electrical Energy
Electric Circuits
1. Fig. 10.1 shows an electric circuit.
(a) On the space below draw a circuit diagram on Fig.10.1 using symbols.
[4]
(b) Name the instrument that would be needed to measure the potential difference (p.d.) across
the cell.
.................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Using the correct symbol, add this instrument to your circuit diagram in (a), in a position to
measure the p.d. across the cell. [1]

2. A student connects a cell, a resistor, an ammeter and two lamps in series.

He adds a voltmeter to measure the potential difference across the lamp.
(a) In the space below, complete the circuit diagram for the circuit that the student uses.
[4]
Electric Current and Potential Difference
1. The two meters in Fig. 3.2 show the readings obtained when they are connected in the
circuit.
(a) Record the potential difference and the current shown on the meters.
potential difference = ………………
current = ……………… [2]
(b) Define the Current.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

2. The motorcycle headlight contains two identical filament lamps F and G. Filament lamp F is
always lit but filament lamp G is turned on and off by switch D.
Fig. 7.1 is the circuit diagram.
When switch D is open, the battery supplies a current of 4.6 A.
(a) Complete the table of Fig. 7.2.
(b) Name the type of circuit on fig. 7.1.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. [1]

3. The diagram below shows a circuit with two bulbs connected in parallel.
Use it to answer question 3.
(a) (i)On the diagram, draw the voltmeter measuring the voltage across bulb F. [1]
(ii) What will be the voltage (pd) of bulb F?
voltage…… V [1]
(iii) Explain your answer in (a) (ii).
………………………………………………...…………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) The two bulbs are then connected in series.
(i) What will happen to the brightness of the bulbs?
………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….. [1]
(i) Explain your answer in (b) (i).
………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………. [1]

UNIT 9: THE SOLAR SYSTEM
9.1 Earth Systems
Structure of the Earth
1. The following diagram shows a section through the Earth. Layers of the earth are labelled
A,B,C and D.
(a) (i) Use letters from the diagram above to identify a layer that
description layer
molten rocks due to high temperatures
solid rock due to high pressure
thin outer layer of the earth
liquid made of iron and nickel
[4]
2. Describe how one way by which an earthquake may cause a Tsunami.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………...…………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
3. Suggest one human activity and how it may lead to an increase in natural disasters.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3]

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UNIT 1.0: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

(a) Name the technology shown on the diagram above.

(c) Define a gene.

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(e) State any other two benefits of genetic engineering.

(f) List two limitations of genetic engineering.

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UNIT 2.0: PLANTS, ANIMALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Figure 5 shows a camel and a llama.

Camels live in hot environments. Llamas live in cold environments.

Table 2 gives information about stored fat in a camel and in a llama.

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(c) Define the term adaptation.

Figure 9 shows an acacia tree.

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Biotic factor …………………………………………………………………………………………………

Abiotic factor …………………………………………………………………………………….…….. [2]

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(c) Name a habitat for the water lily.

Feeding Relationships of Organisms

1. Fig. 5.1 shows a food chain.

(b) A pesticides is introduced to control the caterpillar on trees.

(i) Which organism will have a high concentration of this pollutant?

(ii) Explain why? …………………………………………………………………………………………...

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(ii) Name two top carnivores observed by the student.

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2.5-Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Reproductive Parts of a Flower

1. Fig. 1.1 shows a section through a flower.

(ii) State one function of an anther and one of a petal.

(b) Flowers produce seeds.

Name the part of a flower that develops into seed.

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Pollination and fertilisation

(ii) Name the agent of pollination in species P above.

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(a) Use the letters in Fig. 4.1 to identify

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how the process has been brought about ......................................................................................

reason 2 ..................................................................................................................................... [3]

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(b) (i) Using the information provided by Fig. 3.1,

1. Fig. 4.1 shows a section through a ripe fruit of a tomato plant.

red, shiny epicarp and fleshy mesocarp…………………………………………………………………

Seed with an enzyme-resistant covering………………………………………………………………..

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2. The diagram shows the fruit of a plant.

(a) Suggest why this fruit is most likely to be wind-dispersed.

3. The diagram shows the fruit of a plant.

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UNIT 3.0: MATERIALS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

3.1-The Nature of Matter

1. The diagram below shows a solution made by dissolving a solute in a solvent.