Evening Class 2

Reasoning
Tuesday, March 24, 2015

12:20 PM
Directions to Solve
Each problem consists of three statements. Based on the first two statements, the third statement may be
true, false, or uncertain.
1. Tanya is older than Eric.

Cliff is older than Tanya.
Eric is older than Cliff.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
A. true
B. fals
C. uncertain
Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because the first two statements are true, Eric is the youngest of the three, so the third
statement must be false.
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2. Blueberries cost more than strawberries.

Blueberries cost less than raspberries.
Raspberries cost more than strawberries and blueberries.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Because the first two statements are true, raspberries are the most expensive of the
three.
3. All the trees in the park are flowering trees.

Some of the trees in the park are dogwoods.
All dogwoods in the park are flowering trees.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
All of the trees in the park are flowering trees, So all dogwoods in the park are flowering
trees.
4. Mara runs faster than Gail.

Lily runs faster than Mara.
Gail runs faster than Lily.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
We know from the first two statements that Lily runs fastest. Therefore, the third
statement must be false.
5. Apartments in the Riverdale Manor cost less than apartments in The Gaslight Commons.
Apartments in the Livingston Gate cost more than apartments in the The Gaslight
Commons.
Of the three apartment buildings, the Livingston Gate costs the most.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Since the Gaslight Commons costs more than the Riverdale Manor and the Livingston Gate
costs more than the Gaslight Commons, it is true that the Livingston Gate costs the most.
1. A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons.

There are more lemons in the basket than there are oranges.
The basket contains more apples than oranges.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
There are fewer oranges than either apples or lemons, so the statement is true.
Easy method: (Try this method to solve without any confusion)
1. A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons = App > Lem
2. There are more lemons in the basket than there are oranges = Lem > Org
Now, Combine the above two results: App > Lem > Org
3. The basket contains more apples than oranges (App > ... > Org) = Yes.
Therefore, the given 3rd statement is true.
2. The Shop and Save Grocery is south of Greenwood Pharmacy.

Rebecca's house is northeast of Greenwood Pharmacy.
Rebecca's house is west of the Shop and Save Grocery.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because the first two statements are true, Rebecca's house is also northeast of the Shop
and Save Grocery, which means that the third statement is false.
3. Joe is younger than Kathy.

Mark was born after Joe.
Kathy is older than Mark.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Joe is younger than Kathy and older than Mark, so Mark must be younger than Kathy.
4. On the day the Barton triplets are born,

Jenna weighs more than Jason.
Jason weighs less than Jasmine.
Of the three babies, Jasmine weighs the most.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
We only know that Jasmine weighs more than Jason. There is no way to tell whether
Jasmine also weighs more than Jenna.
5. The temperature on Monday was lower than on Tuesday.

The temperature on Wednesday was lower than on Tuesday.
The temperature on Monday was higher than on Wednesday
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
We know from the first two statements that Tuesday had the highest temperature, but we
cannot know whether Monday's temperature was higher than Tuesday's
From <http://www.indiabix.com/logical-reasoning/logical-problems/024001>
1. All Lamels are Signots with buttons.

No yellow Signots have buttons.
No Lamels are yellow.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
We know that there are Signots with buttons, or Lamels, and that there are yellow Signots,
which have no buttons. Therefore, Lamels do not have buttons and cannot be yellow.
2. The hotel is two blocks east of the drugstore.

The market is one block west of the hotel.
The drugstore is west of the market.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The market is one block west of the hotel. The drugstore is two blocks west of the hotel, so
the drugstore is west of the market.
3. A toothpick is useful.
Useful things are valuable.
A toothpick is valuable.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
To the extent that a toothpick is useful, it has value.
4. Tom puts on his socks before he puts on his shoes.

He puts on his shirt before he puts on his jacket.
Tom puts on his shoes before he puts on his shirt.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
There is not enough information to verify the third statement.
5. Three pencils cost the same as two erasers.

Four erasers cost the same as one ruler.
Pencils are more expensive than rulers.
A. true
B. false
C. uncertain

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Rulers are the most expensive item.
Number series
Thursday, March 26, 2015
12:01 AM
In each series, look for the degree and direction of change between the numbers. In other words, do the
numbers increase or decrease, and by how much
1. Look at this series: 2, 1, (1/2), (1/4), ... What number should come next?
A. (1/3) B. (1/8)
C. (2/8) D. (1/16)

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This is a simple division series; each number is one-half of the previous number.
In other terms to say, the number is divided by 2 successively to get the next result.
4/2 = 2
2/2 = 1
1/2 = 1/2
(1/2)/2 = 1/4
(1/4)/2 = 1/8 and so on.
2. Look at this series: 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12, ... What number should come next?
A. 7 B. 10
C. 12 D. 13

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This is a simple alternating addition and subtraction series. In the first pattern, 3 is
added; in the second, 2 is subtracted.
3. Look at this series: 36, 34, 30, 28, 24, ... What number should come next?
A. 20 B. 22
C. 23 D. 26

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This is an alternating number subtraction series. First, 2 is subtracted, then 4, then 2, and
so on.
A. 22 B. 24
C. 25 D. 26

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
In this simple alternating subtraction and addition series; 1 is subtracted, then 2 is added,
and so on.
A. 12 B. 14
C. 27 D. 53

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In this series, each number is repeated, then 13 is subtracted to arrive at the next
number.
APTITUDE
Wednesday, March 25, 2015
11:35 PM
A man walks at 5kmph for 6hr and at 4km/h for 12hr. His average speed is
A. 4 1/3 km/h
B. 7 2/3 km/h
C. 9 ½ km/h
D. 8 km/h
View Answer / Explanation
Answer / Explanation :
Answer : A.
Avg speed = total distance/total time

= 5*6 + 4*12 / 18
=4 1/3 km/h
2) A man can cover a distance in 1hr 24min by covering 2/3 of the distance at 4 km/h
and the rest at 5km/h. The total distance is
A. 5km
B. 6km
C. 7km
D. 8km
Answer : B.
Distance = 2/3S
distance=1-2/3S=1/3S
21/15 hr=2/3 S/4 + 1/3s /5
84=14/3S * 3
S= 6km
3) The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7: 8. If the second train runs 440
kms in 4 hours, then the speed of the first train is:
A. 47.4 km/hr
B. 57.19 km/hr
C. 68.13 km/hr
D. 96.25 km/hr
Answer : D.
Let the speed of two trains be 7x and 8x km/hr.

Then, 8x = (440/4) = 110
x = (110/8) = 13.75
Hence, speed of first train = (7 x 13.75) km/hr = 96.25 km/hr.
4) A train 140m long is running at 60kmph. In how much time will it pass a platform
260m long?
A. 15 seconds
B. 24 seconds
C. 28 seconds
D. 30 seconds
Answer : C.
Distance travelled = 140 + 260m = 400m

Speed = 60 * 5/8 = 50/3m
Time = 400 * 3/50 = 24 Seconds
5) In covering a distance of 30 km, A takes 2 hours more than B. If A doubles his

speed, then he would take 1 hour less than B. A's speed is:
A. 5 km/h
B. 8 km/h
C. 10 km/h
D. 15 km/h
Answer : A.
Let A's speed be X km/hr.

Then, 30/x - 30/2x = 3
6x = 30
x = 5 km/hr.
6) Walking at the rate of 4kmph a man cover certain distance in 2hr 45 min. Running
at a speed of 16.5 kmph the man will cover the same distance in.
A. 12 min
B. 25 min
C. 40 min
D. 48 min
Answer : C.
Distance = Speed * time

4*11/4 = 11km
New Speed = 16.5 kmph
Therefore time = D/S = 11/16.5 = 40min
7) A train covers a distance in 50 min, if it runs at a speed of 48kmph on an average.

The speed at which the train must run to reduce the time of journey to 40min will
be
A. 45 min
B. 60 min
C. 55 min
D. 70 min
Answer : B.
Time = 50/60 hr = 5/6hr

Speed = 48mph
distance = S*T = 48 * 5/6 = 40km
time = 40/60hr = 2/3hr
New speed = 40* 3/2 kmph = 60kmph
8) Two persons starting from the same place walk at a rate of 5kmph and 5.5kmph
respectively. What time will they take to be 8.5km apart, if they walk in the same
direction?
A. 17 hrs
B. 22 hrs
C. 25 hrs
D. 12 hrs
Answer : A.
The relative speed of the boys = 5.5kmph – 5kmph

= 0.5 kmph
Distance between them is 8.5 km
Time= 8.5km / 0.5 kmph = 17 hrs
9) Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppages, it is

45 kmph. For how many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
A. 8 min
B. 5 min
C. 10 min
D. 14 min
Answer : C.
Due to stoppages, it covers 9 km less.

Time taken to cover 9 km = (9/54 x 60) min = 10 min.
1) A train 150 m long is running at a speed of 68 kmph. How long does it take to pass
a man who is running at 8 kmph in the same direction as the train?
A. 5 sec
B. 9 sec
C. 12 sec
D. 15 sec
Answer : B.
Speed of the train relative to man = (68 - 8) kmph

= (60* 5/18) m/sec = (50/3)m/sec
Time taken by the train to cross the man
= Time taken by It to cover 150 m at 50/3 m / sec = 150 *3/ 50 sec = 9sec
2) A train is moving at a speed of 132 km/hr. If the length of the train is 110 metres,
how long will it take to cross a railway platform 165 metres long?
A. 7½ sec
B. 10 sec
C. 12 ½ sec
D. 15 sec
Answer : A.
Speed of train = 132 *(5/18) m/sec = 110/3 m/sec.

Distance covered in passing the platform = (110 + 165) m = 275 m.
Time taken =275 *(3/110) sec =15/2 sec = 7 ½ sec
3) A man sitting in a train which is traveling at 50 kmph observes that a goods train,
traveling in opposite direction, takes 9 seconds to pass him. If the goods train is 280
m long, find its speed.?
A. 50 kmph
B. 58 kmph
C. 62 kmph
D. 65 kmph
Answer : C.
Relative speed = 280/9 m / sec = ((280/9)*(18/5)) kmph = 112 kmph.

Speed of goods train = (112 - 50) kmph = 62 kmph.
4) A train 220 m long is running with a speed of 59 kmph. In what time will it pass a
man who is running at 7 kmph in the direction opposite to that in which the train is
going?
A. 7 sec
B. 8 sec
C. 10 sec
D. 12 sec
Answer : D.
Speed of the train relative to man = (59 + 7) kmph

= 66 *5/18 m/sec = 55/3 m/sec.
Time taken by the train to cross the man = Time taken by it to cover 220 m at (55/3)
m / sec
= (220 *3/55) sec = 12 sec
5) A train passes a station platform in 36 seconds and a man standing on the

platform in 20 seconds. If the speed of the train is 54 km/hr, what is the length of the
platform?
A. 180 m
B. 240 m
C. 260 m
D. 280 m
Answer : B.
Speed = 54 x 5/18 = 15 m/s

Length of the train = (15 x 20)m = 300 m.
Let the length of the platform be x metres.
Then, (x + 300)/36 = 15
--> x + 300 = 540
x = 240m.
6) Two trains are moving in opposite directions at 60 km/hr and 90 km/hr. Their
lengths are 1.10 km and 0.9 km respectively. The time taken by the slower train to
cross the faster train in seconds is:
A. 28 sec
B. 36 sec
C. 48 sec
D. 52 sec
Answer : C.
Relative speed = (60+ 90) km/hr

= 150x5/18
= 120/3 m/sec
Distance covered = (1.10 + 0.9) km = 2 km = 2000 m.
Required time = 2000 x 3/125 = 48 sec.
7) A 270 metres long train running at the speed of 120 kmph crosses another train
running in opposite direction at the speed of 80 kmph in 9 seconds. What is the
length of the other train?
A. 230 m
B. 245 m
C. 260 m
D. 275 m
Answer : A.
Relative speed = (120 + 80) km/hr

= 200 x 5/18
= 500/9 m/sec
Then, (x+270)/9 = 500/9
--> x + 270 = 500
--> x = 230.
8) Two trains 140 m and 160 m long run at the speed of 60 km/hr and 40 km/hr
respectively in opposite directions on parallel tracks. The time (in seconds) which
they take to cross each other, is:
A. 10.8 sec
B. 9.5 sec
C. 7.4 sec
D. 8.9 sec
Answer : A.
Relative speed = (60 + 40) km/hr = 100x5/18 = 250/9 m/ sec.

Distance covered in crossing each other = (140 + 160) m = 300 m.
Required time = 300x9/250 = 54/5 = 10.8 sec.
9) Two trains are running in opposite directions with the same speed. If the length of
each train is 120 metres and they cross each other in 12 seconds, then the speed of
each train (in km/hr) is:
A. 18 km/hr
B. 26 km/hr
C. 36 km/hr
D. 42 km/hr
Answer : C.
Let the speed of each train be x m/sec.

Then, relative speed of the two trains = 2x m/sec.
So, 2x = (120 + 120)/12
--> 2x = 20
--> x = 10.
--> Speed of each train = 10 m/sec = 10 x 18/5 km/hr = 36 km/hr.
10) Two trains of equal lengths take 10 seconds and 15 seconds respectively to
cross a telegraph post. If the length of each train be 120 metres, in what time (in
seconds) will they cross each other travelling in opposite direction?
A. 8 sec
B. 12 sec
C. 15 sec
D. 10 sec
Answer : B.
Speed of the first train = 120/10 m/sec = 12 m/sec.

Speed of the second train = 120/15 m/sec = 8 m/sec.
Relative speed = (12 + 8) = 20 m/sec.
Required time = (120 + 120)/20 sec = 12 sec.
1) A train covers a distance in 50 min, if it runs at a speed of 48kmph on an average.

The speed at which the train must run to reduce the time of journey to 40min will
be.
A. 60 km/h
B. 55 km/h
C. 40 km/h
D. 70 km/h
Answer : A.
Time=50/60 hr=5/6hr
Speed=48mph
distance=S*T=48*5/6=40km
time=40/60hr=2/3hr
New speed = 40* 3/2 kmph= 60kmph
2) )A man covers a distance on scooter. Had he moved 3kmph faster he would have
taken 40 min less. If he had moved 2kmph slower, he would have taken 40min more.
The distance is.
A. 30 km
B. 40 km
C. 45 km
D. 50 km
Answer : B.
Let distance = x m
Usual rate = y kmph
x/y – x/y+3 = 40/60 hr
2y(y+3) = 9x ---------------------------------(1)
x/y-2 – x/y = 40/60 hr y(y-2) = 3x -----------(2)
divide 1 & 2 equations
by solving we get x = 40 km
3) A motorist covers a distance of 39km in 45min by moving at a speed of x kmph for

the first 15min, then moving at double the speed for the next 20 min, and then again
moving at his original speed for the rest of the journey. Find x.
A. 60 km/h
B. 48 km/h
C. 36 km/h
D. 58 km/h
Answer : C.
Total distance = 39 km
Total time = 45 min
D = S*T
x * 15/60 + 2x * 20/60 + x * 10/60 = 39 km
x = 36 kmph
4) A & B are two towns. A person covers the distance from A to B on cycle at
17kmph and returns to A by a boat running at a uniform speed of 8kmph. His average
speed for the whole journey is
A. 12.5 km/h
B. 12.33 km/h
C. 10.75 km/h
D. 10.88 km/h
Answer : D.
When same distance is covered with different speeds, then the average speed = 2xy /
x+y = 10.88kmph
5) A car covers 4 successive 3km stretches at speed of 10kmph, 20kmph, 30kmph &
60kmph resp. Its average speed is
A. 20 km/h
B. 25 km/h
C. 30 km/h
D. 35 km/h
Answer : A.
Average speed = total distance / total time

total distance = 4 * 3 = 12 km
total time = 3/10 + 3/20 + 3/30 + 3/60
= 36/60 hr
speed =12/36 * 60 = 20 kmph
6) A bullock cart has to cover a distance of 80km in 10hrs. If it covers half of the
journey in 3/5th time. what should be its speed to cover the remaining distance in the
time left.
A. 8 km/h
B. 10 km/h
C. 12 km/h
D. 14 km/h
Answer : B.
Time left = 10 - 3/5*10

= 4 hr 10 km/h
speed =40 km /4 hr
=10 kmph
7) The ratio between the speeds of the A& B is 2:3, and therefore A takes 10 min
more than the time taken by B to reach the destination. If A had walked at double
the speed, he would have covered the distance in
A. 8 min
B. 12 min
C. 15 min
D. 18 min
Answer : C.
Ratio of speed = 2:3

Ratio of time = 3:2
A takes 10 min more
3x-2x = 10 min
A time=30 min
-> covers the distance in 30 min , if its speed is x
-> He will cover the same distance in 15 min, if its speed
doubles (i.e 2x)
8) A train M leaves City A at 5 am and reaches City B at 9am . Another train N leaves
City B at 7am and reaches City A at 1030am. At what time do the 2 trains cross one
another?
A. 1 hr 23 min
B. 1 hr 15 min
C. 1 hr 8 min
D. 56 min
Answer : D.
Let the distance between the cities be x

They meet after y hr after 7am
M covers x in 4hr
N covers x in 3 ½ i.e 7/2 hr
speed of M =x/4
speed of N = 2x/7
Distance covered by M in y+2 hr + Distance covered by N in
y hr is x
x/4 (y+2) +2x/7(y)=x
y=14/15hr or 56 min
9) A man takes 5hr 45min in walking to certain place and riding back. He would have
gained 2hrs by riding both ways. The time he would take to walk both ways is?
A. 7 hr 45 min
B. 7 hr 15 min
C. 6 hr 45 min
D. 6 hr 15 min
Answer : A.
Let x be the speed of walked

Let y be the speed of ride
Let D be the distance
Then D/x + D/y = 23/4 hr -------------------(1)
D/y + D/y = 23/4 – 2 hr
D/y = 15/8 ----------------------------------(2)
substitute 2 in 1
D/x + 15/8 = 23/4
D/x = 23/4 -15/8 =46-15/8 =31/8
Time taken for walk one way is 31/8 hr
time taken to walk to and fro is 2*31/8 = 31/4 hr
=7 hr 45 min
10) A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per
hour?
A. 3.6
B. 7.2
C. 8.4
D. 10
Answer : B.
Speed=(600/5 * 60) m/sec

= 2 m/sec.
Converting m/sec to km/hr
=(2*18/5) km/hr
= 7.2 km/hr.
Resume writing
Friday, 27 March 2015
6:17 pm
Part 1 – Resume Writing – Write a resume that generates results

Part 2 – How to knock the socks off a prospective employer
Part 3 – The evidence section: How to present your work history,
education, etc.
Part 4 – A few guidelines for a better presentation
Part 5 – I’m not sure the job I’m looking for is the right one for me
Part 6 – Add power to your resume with powerwords
Part 1: RESUME WRITING – WRITE A RESUME THAT GENERATES
RESULTS
This award-winning guide to resume writing will teach you to
write a resume equal to one done by a top-notch professional
writer. It offers examples, format choices, help writing the
objective, the summary and other sections, as well as samples of
excellent resume writing. It is the most trusted resume-writing
guide on the planet, used by more than a million people each
year.
Writing a great resume does not necessarily mean you should follow the
rules you hear through the grapevine. It does not have to be one page or
follow a specific resume format. Every resume is a one-of-a-kind
marketing communication. It should be appropriate to your situation and
do exactly what you want it to do. Instead of a bunch of rules and tips,
we are going to cut to the chase in this brief guide and offer you the
most basic principles of writing a highly effective resume.
Who are we to be telling you how to write your resume? As part of
our career consulting practice, we have coached and advised Fortune 500
C.E.O.s, senior members of the last few presidential administrations,
thousands of mid and early career professionals, artists, technical people
and others in nearly every field of endeavor.
This guide is especially for people looking for a job in the United States.
In the U.S., the rules of job hunting are much more relaxed than they are
in Europe and Asia. You can do a lot more active personal marketing in
your resume here. You may have to tone down our advice a few notches
and use a more traditional, conservative format accepted in your field if
you live elsewhere or are in law, academia or a technical engineering,
computer or scientific field. But even when your presentation must fit a
narrow set of rules, you can still use the principles we will present to
make your presentation more effective than your competition’s.
THE GOOD NEWS AND THE BAD
The good news is that, with a little extra effort, you can create a resume
that makes you stand out as a superior candidate for a job you are
seeking. Not one resume in a hundred follows the principles that stir the
interest of prospective employers. So, even if you face fierce competition,
with a well written resume you should be invited to interview more often
than many people more qualified than you.
The bad news is that your present resume is probably much more
inadequate than you now realize. You will have to learn how to think and
write in a style that will be completely new to you.
To understand what I mean, let’s take a look at the purpose of your
resume. Why do you have a resume in the first place? What is it
supposed to do for you?
Here’s an imaginary scenario. You apply for a job that seems absolutely
perfect for you. You send your resume with a cover letter to the
prospective employer. Plenty of other people think the job sounds great
too and apply for the job. A few days later, the employer is staring at a
pile of several hundred resumes. Several hundred? you ask. Isn’t that an
inflated number? Not really. A job offer often attracts between 100 and
1000 resumes these days, so you are facing a great deal of competition.
Back to the fantasy and the prospective employer staring at the huge
stack of resumes: This person isn’t any more excited about going through
this pile of dry, boring documents than you would be. But they have to
do it, so they dig in. After a few minutes, they are getting sleepy. They
are not really focusing any more. Then, they run across your resume. As
soon as they start reading it, they perk up. The more they read, the more
interested, awake and turned on they become.
Most resumes in the pile have only gotten a quick glance. But yours gets
read, from beginning to end. Then, it gets put on top of the tiny pile of
resumes that make the first cut. These are the people who will be asked
in to interview. In this mini resume writing guide, what we hope to do is
to give you the basic tools to take this out of the realm of fantasy and
into your everyday life.
THE NUMBER ONE PURPOSE OF A RESUME

The resume is a tool with one specific purpose: to win an interview. If it
does what the fantasy resume did, it works. If it doesn’t, it isn’t an
effective resume. A resume is an advertisement, nothing more, nothing
less.
A great resume doesn’t just tell them what you have done but makes the
same assertion that all good ads do: If you buy this product, you will
get these specific, direct benefits. It presents you in the best
light. It convinces the employer that you have what it takes to be
successful in this new position or career.
It is so pleasing to the eye that the reader is enticed to pick it up and
read it. It “whets the appetite,” stimulates interest in meeting you and
learning more about you. It inspires the prospective employer to pick up
the phone and ask you to come in for an interview.
OTHER POSSIBLE REASONS TO HAVE A RESUME
 To pass the employer’s screening process (requisite educational
level, number years’ experience, etc.), to give basic facts which might
favorably influence the employer (companies worked for, political
affiliations, racial minority, etc.). To provide contact information: an up-
to-date address and a telephone number (a telephone number which will
always be answered during business hours).
 To establish you as a professional person with high standards
and excellent writing skills, based on the fact that the resume is so well
done (clear, well-organized, well-written, well-designed, of the highest
professional grades of printing and paper). For persons in the art,
advertising, marketing, or writing professions, the resume can serve as a
sample of their skills.
 To have something to give to potential employers, your job-
hunting contacts and professional references, to provide background
information, to give out in “informational interviews” with the request for
a critique (a concrete creative way to cultivate the support of this new
person), to send a contact as an excuse for follow-up contact, and to
keep in your briefcase to give to people you meet casually – as another
form of “business card.”
 To use as a covering piece or addendum to another form of job
application, as part of a grant or contract proposal, as an accompaniment
to graduate school or other application.
 To put in an employer’s personnel files.
 To help you clarify your direction, qualifications, and
strengths, boost your confidence, or to start the process of
commiting to a job or career change.
WHAT IT ISN’T
It is a mistake to think of your resume as a history of your past, as a
personal statement or as some sort of self expression. Sure, most of the
content of any resume is focused on your job history. But write from the
intention to create interest, to persuade the employer to call you. If you
write with that goal, your final product will be very different than if you
write to inform or catalog your job history.
Most people write a resume because everyone knows that you have to
have one to get a job. They write their resume grudgingly, to fulfill this
obligation. Writing the resume is only slightly above filling out income tax
forms in the hierarchy of worldly delights. If you realize that a great
resume can be your ticket to getting exactly the job you want, you may
be able to muster some genuine enthusiasm for creating a real
masterpiece, rather than the feeble products most people turn out.
WHAT IF I’M NOT SURE OF MY JOB TARGET?
If you are hunting for a job but are not sure you are on a career path
that is perfect for you, you are probably going to wind up doing
something that doesn’t fit you very well, that you are not going to find
fulfilling, and that you will most likely leave within five years. Doesn’t
sound like much of a life to me. How about you? Are you willing to keep
putting up with pinning your fate on the random turnings of the wheel?
Part 2 – HOW TO KNOCK THEIR SOCKS OFF
Research shows that only one interview is granted for every 200 resumes
received by the average employer. Research also tells us that your
resume will be quickly scanned, rather than read. Ten to 20 seconds is all
the time you have to persuade a prospective employer to read further.
What this means is that the decision to interview a candidate is usually
based on an overall first impression of the resume, a quick screening that
so impresses the reader and convinces them of the candidate’s
qualifications that an interview results. As a result, the top half of the
first page of your resume will either make you or break you. By the time
they have read the first few lines, you have either caught their interest,
or your resume has failed. That is why we say that your resume is an ad.
You hope it will have the same result as a well-written ad: to get the
reader to respond.
To write an effective resume, you have to learn how to write
powerful but subtle advertising copy. Not only that, but you must
sell a product in which you have a large personal investment: you.
What’s worse, given the fact that most of us do not think in a marketing-
oriented way naturally, you are probably not looking forward to selling
anything, let alone yourself. But if you want to increase your job hunting
effectiveness as much as possible, you would be wise to learn to write a
spectacular resume.
You do not need to hard sell or make any claims that are not absolutely
true. You do need to get over your modesty and unwillingness to toot
your own horn. People more often buy the best advertised product than
the best product. That is good news if you are willing to learn to create
an excellent resume. With a little extra effort, you will usually get a
better response from prospective employers than people with better
credentials.
FOCUS ON THE EMPLOYER’S NEEDS, NOT YOURS
Imagine that you are the person doing the hiring. This person is not
some anonymous paper pusher deep in the bowels of the personnel
department. Usually, the person who makes the hiring decision is also
the person who is responsible for the bottom line productivity of the
project or group you hope to join. This is a person who cares deeply how
well the job will be done. You need to write your resume to appeal
directly to them.
Ask yourself: What would make someone the perfect candidate?
What does the employer really want? What special abilities would this
person have? What would set a truly exceptional candidate apart from a
merely good one?
If you are seeking a job in a field you know well, you probably already
know what would make someone a superior candidate. If you are not
sure, you can gather hints from the help-wanted ad you are answering,
from asking other people who work in the same company or the same
field. You could even call the prospective employer and ask them what
they want. Don’t make wild guesses unless you have to. It is very
important to do this step well. If you are not addressing their real needs,
they will not respond to your resume.
Putting yourself in the moccasins of the person doing the hiring is the
first, and most important, step in writing a resume that markets you
rather than describes your history or herstory. Every step in producing a
finished document should be part of your overall intention to convey to
the prospective employer that you are a truly exceptional candidate.
PLAN FIRST
Focus your writing efforts. Get clear what the employer is looking for and
what you have to offer before you begin your resume. Write your
answers to the above mentioned question, “What would make someone
the perfect candidate?” on notebook paper, one answer per page.
Prioritize the sheets of paper, based on which qualities or abilities you
think would be most important to the person doing the hiring.
Then, starting with the top priority page, fill the rest of that page, or as
much of it as you can, with brainstorming about why you are the person
who best fulfills the employer’s needs. Write down everything you have
ever done that demonstrates that you fit perfectly with what is wanted
and needed by the prospective employer.
The whole idea is to loosen up your thinking enough so that you
will be able to see some new connections between what you have
done and what the employer is looking for. You need not confine
yourself to work-related accomplishments. Use your entire life as the
palette to paint with. If Sunday school or your former gang are the only
places you have had a chance to demonstrate your special gift for
teaching and leadership, fine. The point is to cover all possible ways of
thinking about and communicating what you do well. What are the
talents you bring to the market place? What do you have to offer the
prospective employer?
If you are making a career change or are a young person and new to the
job market, you are going to have to be especially creative in getting
across what makes you stand out. These brainstorming pages will be the
raw material from which you craft your resume. One important part of
the planning process is to decide which resume format fits your needs
best. Don’t automatically assume that a traditional format will work best
for you. More about that later.
A GREAT RESUME HAS TWO SECTIONS
In the first, you make assertions about your abilities, qualities and
achievements. You write powerful, but honest, advertising copy that
makes the reader immediately perk up and realize that you are someone
special.
The second section, the evidence section, is where you back up your
assertions with evidence that you actually did what you said you did. This
is where you list and describe the jobs you have held, your education,
etc. This is all the stuff you are obliged to include.
Most resumes are just the evidence section, with no assertions. If you
have trouble getting to sleep, just read a few resumes each night before
going to bed. Nothing puts people to sleep better than the average
resume.
The juice is in the assertions section. When a prospective
employer finishes reading your resume, you want them to
immediately reach for the phone to invite you in to interview.
The resumes you have written in the past have probably been a gallant
effort to inform the reader. You don’t want them informed. You want
them interested and excited.
In fact, it is best to only hint at some things. Leave the reader wanting
more. Leave them with a bit of mystery. That way, they have even more
reason to reach for the phone. The assertions section usually has two or
three sections. In all of them, your job is to communicate, assert and
declare that you are the best possible candidate for the job and that you
are hotter than a picnic on Mercury.
You start by naming your intended job. This may be in a separate
Objective section, or may be folded into the second section, the
Summary. If you are making a change to a new field, or are a young
person not fully established in a career, start with a separate Objective
section.
THE OBJECTIVES
Ideally, your resume should be pointed toward conveying why you are
the perfect candidate for one specific job or job title. Good advertising is
directed toward a very specific target audience.
When a car company is trying to sell their inexpensive compact to an
older audience, they show grandpa and grandma stuffing the car with
happy, shiny grandchildren and talk about how safe and economical the
car is. When they advertise the exact same car to the youth market, they
show it going around corners on two wheels, with plenty of drums and
power chords thundering in the background. You want to focus your
resume just as specifically.
Targeting your resume requires that you be absolutely clear about your
career direction–or at least that you appear to be clear. If you aren’t
clear where you are going, you wind up wherever the winds of chance
blow you. You would be wise to use this time of change to design your
future career so you have a clear target that will meet your goals and be
personally fulfilling. Even if you are a little vague about what you are
looking for, you cannot let your uncertainty show. With a nonexistent,
vague or overly broad objective, the first statement you make to a
prospective employer says you are not sure this is the job for you.
The way to demonstrate your clarity of direction or apparent clarity is to
have the first major topic of your resume be your OBJECTIVE.
Let’s look at a real world example. Suppose the owner of a small
software company puts an ad in the paper seeking an experienced
software sales person. A week later they have received 500 resumes. The
applicants have a bewildering variety of backgrounds. The employer has
no way of knowing whether any of them are really interested in selling
software.
They remember all the jobs they applied for that they didn’t really want.
They know that many of the resumes they received are from people who
are just using a shotgun approach, casting their seed to the winds. Then
they come across a resume in the pile that starts with the following:
OBJECTIVE – a software sales position in an organization seeking an
extraordinary record of generating new accounts, exceeding sales targets
and enthusiastic customer relations.
This wakes them up. They are immediately interested. This first sentence
conveys some very important and powerful messages: “I want exactly
the job you are offering. I am a superior candidate because I recognize
the qualities that are most important to you, and I have them. I want to
make a contribution to your company.” This works well because the
employer is smart enough to know that someone who wants to do
exactly what they are offering will be much more likely to succeed than
someone who doesn’t. And that person will probably be a lot more
pleasant to work with as well.
Secondly, this candidate has done a good job of establishing why they
are the perfect candidate in their first sentence. They have thought about
what qualities would make a candidate stand out. They have started
communicating that they are that person immediately. What’s more, they
are communicating from the point of view of making a contribution to the
employer.
They are not writing from a self-centered point of view. Even when
people are savvy enough to have an objective, they often make the
mistake of saying something like, “a position where I can hone my skill
as a scissors sharpener.” or something similar. The employer is
interested in hiring you for what you can do for them, not for fulfilling
your private goals and agenda.
Part 3 – THE EVIDENCE SECTION – HOW TO PRESENT YOUR
WORK HISTORY, EDUCATION, ETC.
Most resumes are not much more than a collection of “evidence,” various
facts about your past. By evidence, we mean all the mandatory
information you must include on your resume: work history with
descriptions, dates, education, affiliations, list of software mastered, etc.
If you put this toward the top of your resume, anyone reading it will feel
like they are reading an income tax form. Let’s face it, this stuff is boring
no matter how extraordinary you are. All this evidence is best placed in
the second half of the resume. Put the hot stuff in the beginning, and all
this less exciting information afterward.
We divided the resume into a “hot” assertions section, and a more staid
“evidence” section for the sake of communicating that a great resume is
not information but advertising. A great resume is all one big assertions
section. In other words, every single word, even the basic facts about
your history, are crafted to have the desired effect, to get them to pick
up the phone and call you. The decisions you make on what information
to emphasize and what to de-emphasize should be based on considering
every word of your resume to be an important part of the assertions
section. The evidence includes some or all of the following:
EXPERIENCE
List jobs in reverse chronological order. Don’t go into detail on the jobs
early in your career; focus on the most recent and/or relevant jobs.
(Summarize a number of the earliest jobs in one line or very short
paragraph, or list only the bare facts with no position description.) Decide
which is, overall, more impressive – your job titles or the names of the
firms you worked for – then consistently begin with the more impressive
of the two, perhaps using boldface type.
You may want to describe the firm in a phrase in parentheses if this will
impress the reader. Put dates in italics at the end of the job, to de-
emphasize them; don’t include months, unless the job was held less than
a year. Include military service, internships, and major volunteer roles if
desired; because the section is labeled “Experience.” It does not mean
that you were paid.
Other headings: “Professional History,” “Professional Experience”–not
“Employment” or “Work History,” both of which sound more lower-level.
EDUCATION
List education in reverse chronological order, degrees or licenses first,
followed by certificates and advanced training. Set degrees apart so they
are easily seen. Put in boldface whatever will be most impressive. Don’t
include any details about college except your major and distinctions or
awards you have won, unless you are still in college or just recently
graduated. Include grade-point average only if over 3.4. List selected
course work if this will help convince the reader of your qualifications for
the targeted job.
Do include advanced training, but be selective with the information,
summarizing the information and including only what will be impressive
for the reader.
No degree received yet? If you are working on an uncompleted degree,
include the degree and afterwards, in parentheses, the expected date of
completion: B.S. (expected 200_).
If you didn’t finish college, start with a phrase describing the field
studied, then the school, then the dates (the fact that there was no
degree may be missed).
Other headings might be “Education and Training,” “Education and
Licenses,” “Legal Education / Undergraduate Education” (for attorneys).
AWARDS
If the only awards received were in school, put these under the Education
section. Mention what the award was for if you can (or just “for
outstanding accomplishment” or “outstanding performance”). This section
is almost a must, if you have received awards. If you have received
commendations or praise from some very senior source, you could call
this section, “Awards and Commendations.” In that case, go ahead and
quote the source.
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
Include only those that are current, relevant and impressive. Include
leadership roles if appropriate. This is a good section for communicating
your status as a member of a minority targeted for special consideration
by employers, or for showing your membership in an association that
would enhance your appeal as a prospective employee. This section can
be combined with “Civic / Community Leadership” as “Professional and
Community Memberships.”
CIVIC / COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP
This is good to include if the leadership roles or accomplishments are
related to the job target and can show skills acquired, for example, a loan
officer hoping to become a financial investment counselor who was
Financial Manager of a community organization charged with investing its
funds. Any Board of Directors membership or “chairmanship” would be
good to include. Be careful with political affiliations, as they could be a
plus or minus with an employer or company.
PUBLICATIONS
Include only if published. Summarize if there are many.
COMMENTS FROM SUPERVISORS
Include only if very exceptional. Heavily edit for key phrases.
PERSONAL INTERESTS
Advantages: Personal interests can indicate a skill or area or knowledge
that is related to the goal, such as photography for someone in public
relations, or carpentry and wood-working for someone in construction
management. This section can show well-roundedness, good physical
health, or knowledge of a subject related to the goal. It can also create
common ground or spark conversation in an interview.
Disadvantages: Personal interests are usually irrelevant to the job goal
and purpose of the resume, and they may be meaningless or an
interview turn-off (“TV and Reading,” “Fund raising for the Hell’s
Angels”).
You probably should not include a personal interests section. Your reason
for including it is most likely that you want to tell them about you. But,
as you know, this is an ad. If this section would powerfully move the
employer to understand why you would be the best candidate, include it;
otherwise, forget about it.
May also be called “Interests and Hobbies,” or just “Interests.”
REFERENCES
You may put “References available upon request” at the end of your
resume, if you wish. This is a standard close (centered at bottom in
italics), but is not necessary: It is usually assumed. Do not include actual
names of references. You can bring a separate sheet of references to the
interview, to be given to the employer upon request.
Part 4 – A FEW GUIDELINES FOR A BETTER PRESENTATION

The resume is visually enticing, a work of art. Simple clean
structure. Very easy to read. Symmetrical. Balanced. Uncrowded. As
much white space between sections of writing as possible; sections of
writing that are no longer than six lines, and shorter if possible.
There is uniformity and consistency in the use of italics, capital
letters, bullets, boldface, and underlining. Absolute parallelism in
design decisions. For example, if a period is at the end of one job’s dates,
a period should be at the end of all jobs’ dates; if one degree is in
boldface, all degrees should be in boldface.
As mentioned above, the resume’s first impression is most important. It
should be exceptionally visually appealing, to be inviting to the reader.
Remember to think of the resume as an advertisement.
There are absolutely no errors. No typographical errors. No spelling
errors. No grammar, syntax, or punctuation errors. No errors of fact.
All the basic, expected information is included. A resume must have
the following key information: your name, address, phone number, and
your email address at the top of the first page, a listing of jobs held, in
reverse chronological order, educational degrees including the highest
degree received, in reverse chronological order. Additional, targeted
information will of course accompany this. Much of the information
people commonly put on a resume can be omitted, but these basics are
mandatory.
Jobs listed include a title, the name of the firm, the city and state
of the firm, and the years. Jobs earlier in a career can be summarized,
or omitted if prior to the highest degree, and extra part-time jobs can be
omitted. If no educational degrees have been completed, it is still
expected to include some mention of education (professional study or
training, partial study toward a degree, etc.) acquired after high school.
It is targeted. A resume should be targeted to your goal, to the ideal
next step in your career. First you should get clear what your job goal is,
what the ideal position or positions would be. Then you should figure out
what key skills, areas of expertise or body of experience the employer
will be looking for in the candidate. Gear the resume structure and
content around this target, proving these key qualifications. If you have
no clear goal, take the skills (or knowledge) you most enjoy or would like
to use or develop in your next career step and build the resume around
those.
Strengths are highlighted / weaknesses de-emphasized. Focus on
whatever is strongest and most impressive. Make careful and strategic
choices as to how to organize, order, and convey your skills and
background. Consider: whether to include the information at all,
placement in overall structure of the resume, location on the page itself
or within a section, ordering of information, more impressive ways of
phrasing the information, use of design elements (such as boldface to
highlight, italics to minimize, ample surrounding space to draw the eye to
certain things).
It has focus. A resume needs an initial focus to help the reader
understand immediately. Don’t make the reader go through the whole
resume to figure out what your profession is and what you can do. Think
of the resume as an essay with a title and a summative opening
sentence. An initial focus may be as simple as the name of your
profession (“Commercial Real Estate Agent,” “Resume Writer”) centered
under the name and address; it may be in the form of an Objective; it
may be in the form of a Summary Statement or, better, a Summary
Statement beginning with a phrase identifying your profession.
Use power words. For every skill, accomplishment, or job described,
use the most active impressive verb you can think of (which is also
accurate). Begin the sentence with this verb, except when you must vary
the sentence structure to avoid repetitious writing.
Show you are results-oriented. Wherever possible, prove that you

have the desired qualifications through clear strong statement of
accomplishments, rather than a statement of potentials, talents, or
responsibilities. Indicate results of work done, and quantify these
accomplishments whenever appropriate. For example: “Initiated and
directed complete automation of the Personnel Department, resulting in
time-cost savings of over 25%.” Additionally, preface skill and experience
statements with the adjectives “proven” and “demonstrated” to create
this results-orientation.
Writing is concise and to the point. Keep sentences as short and
direct as possible. Eliminate any extraneous information and any
repetitions. Don’t use three examples when one will suffice. Say what you
want to say in the most direct way possible, rather than trying to impress
with bigger words or more complex sentences. For example: “coordinated
eight city-wide fund-raising events, raising five times as much as the
expected $50,000 goal” rather than “was involved in the coordination of
six fund-raising dinners and two fund-raising walkathons which attracted
participants throughout St. Louis and extremely successful.”
Vary long sentences (if these are really necessary) with short
punchy sentences. Use phrases rather than full sentences when
phrases are possible, and start sentences with verbs, eliminating
pronouns (“I”, “he” or “she”). Vary words: Don’t repeat a “power” verb or
adjective in the same paragraph. Use commas to clarify meaning and
make reading easier. Remain consistent in writing decisions such as use
of abbreviations and capitalizations.
Make it look great. Use a laser printer or an ink jet printer that
produces high- quality results. A laser is best because the ink won’t run if
it gets wet. It should look typeset. Do not compromise. If you do, your
resume will look pathetic next to ones that have a perfect appearance.
Use a standard conservative typeface (font) in 11 or 12 point. Don’t
make them squint to read it. Use off-white, ivory or bright white 8 1/2 x
11-inch paper, in the highest quality affordable. If you are applying for a
senior-level position, use Crane’s 100% rag paper and make sure the
water-mark is facing the right way. Use absolutely clean paper without
smudges, without staples and with a generous border. Don’t have your
resume look like you squeezed too much on the page.
Shorter is usually better. Everyone freely gives advice on resume
length. Most of these self-declared experts say a resume should always
be one page. That makes no more sense than it does to say an ad or a
poem should automatically be one page. Your resume can be 500 pages
long if you can keep the reader’s undivided attention and interest that
long, and at the same time create a psychological excitement that leads
prospective employers to pick up the phone and call you when they finish
your weighty tome. Don’t blindly follow rules! Do what works. Sometimes
it is appropriate to have a three pager. But unless your life has been filled
with a wide assortment of extraordinary achievements, make it shorter.
One page is best if you can cram it all into one page. Most Fortune 500
C.E.O.s have a one- or two-page resume. It could be said that, the larger
your accomplishments, the easier to communicate them in few words.
Look to others in your profession to see if there is an established
agreement about resume length in your field. The only useful rule is to
not write one more word than you need to get them to pick up the phone
and call you. Don’t bore them with the details. Leave them wanting more.
Remember, this is an ad to market you, not your life history.
Length of consulting resumes. In a consulting resume, you are
expected to shovel it as deep as you possibly can. If you are selling your
own consulting services, make it sizzle, just like any other resume, but
include a little more detail, such as a list of well-known clients, powerful
quotes from former clients about how fantastic you are, etc. If you are
seeking a job with a consulting firm that will be packaging you along with
others as part of a proposal, get out your biggest shovel and go to town.
Include everything except the name of your goldfish: A full list of
publications, skills, assignments, other experience, and every bit of
educational crapola that you can manage to make sound related to your
work. The philosophy here is: more is better.
Watch your verb tense. Use either the first person (“I”) or the third
person (”he,” “she”) point of view,but use whichever you choose
consistently. Verb tenses are based on accurate reporting: If the
accomplishment is completed, it should be past tense. If the task is still
underway, it should be present tense. If the skill has been used in the
past and will continue to be used, use present tense (“conduct
presentations on member recruitment to professional and trade
associations”). A way of “smoothing out” transitions is to use the past
continuous (“have conducted more than 20 presentations…”).
Break it up. A good rule is to have no more than six lines of writing in
any one writing “block” or paragraph (summary, skill section,
accomplishment statement, job description, etc.). If any more than this is
necessary, start a new section or a new paragraph.
Experience before education…usually. Experience sections should
come first, before education, in most every case. This is because you
have more qualifications developed from your experience than from your
education. The exceptions would be 1) if you have just received or are
completing a degree in a new professional field, if this new degree study
proves stronger qualifications than does your work experience, 2) if you
are a lawyer, with the peculiar professional tradition of listing your law
degrees first, 3) if you are an undergraduate student, or 4) if you have
just completed a particularly impressive degree from a particularly
impressive school, even if you are staying in the same field, for example,
an MBA from Harvard.
Telephone number that will be answered. Be sure the phone number
on the resume will, without exception, be answered by a person or an
answering machine Monday through Friday 8-5pm. You do not want to
lose the prize interview merely because there was no answer to your
phone, and the caller gave up. Include the area code of the telephone
number. If you don’t have an answering machine, get one. Include e-mail
and fax numbers, if you have them.
A FEW MORE TIPS
Try not to include anything on the resume that could turn the employer
off, anything that is controversial (political, etc.) or could be taken in a
negative light.
Put the most important information on the first line of a writing “block” or
paragraph. The first line is read the most.
Use bold caps for your name on page one. Put your name at the top of
page two on a two-page resume. Put section headings, skill headings,
titles or companies (if impressive), degrees, and school name (if
impressive), in boldface.
Spell out numbers under and including ten; use the numerical form for
numbers over and including 11 (as a general rule), unless they are the
first words in a sentence. Spell out abbreviations unless they are
unquestionably obvious.
If you are not sure what sort of job you are looking for, you will most
likely wind up in something that turns out to be just a “job.” In a “job”
you exchange your life for money. It is possible to choose a career that
will fit you so well that you do it because you like to go to work. At
Rockport Institute we offer career counseling, coaching and testing
programs for people committed to choosing a new career direction for a
lifetime of satisfaction and success. Our services, available worldwide and
consistently commended for excellence since 1981, are for people who
realize that choosing the best possible career direction is one of the most
important decisions they will ever make.
Info on Rockport programs, services and books to help you choose the
perfect new career.
WHAT NOT TO PUT ON A RESUME
 The word “Resume” at the top of the resume
 Fluffy rambling “objective” statements
 Salary information
 Full addresses of former employers
 Reasons for leaving jobs
 A “Personal” section, or personal statistics (except in special
cases)
 Names of supervisors
 References
ACCURACY/ HONESTY/STRETCHING THE TRUTH
Make sure that you can back up what you say. Keep the claims you make
within the range of your own integrity. There is nothing wrong with
pumping things up in your resume so you communicate who you are and
what you can do at your very best. Did you ever see an ad that didn’t
pump up the features they hope will convince you to buy? In fact, you
are being foolish if you seek to convey a careful, balanced portrayal of
yourself. You want to knock their socks off!
WHAT IF I HAVE NOT PERFORMED BRILLIANTLY?
If you are not really exceptional at doing this job or at least potentially
exceptional but inexperienced, maybe you are applying for the wrong
job. Why would anyone want to spend their days doing something they
did not excel at and didn’t really enjoy? Click the underlined text below
and your computer will waft you off to a Rockport Institute web page that
tells you about our programs and services for people who do not want to
spend their life as a career zombie, stuck in a boring, lifeless job where
each day you wish you were somewhere else.
QUESTIONS A PRO WOULD ASK YOU
What key qualifications will the employer be looking for?
What qualifications will be most important to them that you possess?
Which of these are your greatest strengths?
What are the highlights of your career to date that should be
emphasized?
What should be de-emphasized?
What things about you and your background make you stand out?
What are your strongest areas of skill and expertise? Knowledge?
Experience?
What are some other skills you possess–perhaps more auxiliary skills?
What are characteristics you possess that make you a strong candidate?
(Things like “innovative, hard-working, strong interpersonal skills, ability
to handle multiple projects simultaneously under tight deadlines”)
What are the three or four things you feel have been your greatest
accomplishments?
What was produced as a result of your greatest accomplishments?
Can you quantify the results you produced in numerical or other specific
terms?
What were the two or three accomplishments of that particular job?
What were the key skills you used in that job?
What did you do in each of those skill areas?
What sorts of results are particularly impressive to people in your field?
What results have you produced in these areas?
What are the “buzz words” that people in your field expect you to use in
lieu of a secret club handshake, which should be included in your
resume?
Part 5 – I’M NOT SURE THE JOB I’M LOOKING FOR IS THE RIGHT
ONE FOR ME
If you are concerned that the job you are seeking may not be right for
you, or if you are not completely sure what job you are seeking, you
have a bigger problem than just writing a great resume. You are handing
over your future to chance and accident.
How you can I tell if it is right for me? If you are changing to a job
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General formula
Friday, May 01, 2015
4:00 PM
Browse Topics
 1. Basic Formulae
 2. Types of Numbers
 3. Remainder & Quotient
 4. Even, Odd Numbers
 5. Tests of Divisibility
 6. Progression
 6.1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
 6.2. Geometrical Progression (G.P.)
Basic Formulae
1. (a+b)2=a2+b2+2ab
2. (a−b)2=a2+b2−2ab
3. (a+b)2−(a−b)2=4ab
4. (a+b)2+(a−b)2=2(a2+b2)
5. (a2–b2)=(a+b)(a−b)
6. (a+b+c)2=a2+b2+c2+2(ab+bc+ca)
7. (a3+b3)=(a+b)(a2−ab+b2)
8. (a3–b3)=(a−b)(a2+ab+b2)
9. (a3+b3+c3−3abc)=(a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2−ab−bc−ca)
10. If a+b+c=0, then a3+b3+c3=3abc.
Top
Types of Numbers:
I. Natural Numbers:
Counting numbers 1,2,3,4,5,…… are called natural numbers
Top
II. Whole Numbers:

All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole numbers.
Thus,
(i) 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number.
(ii) Every natural number is a whole number.
Top
III. Integers :
All natural numbers, 0 and negatives of counting numbers i.e.,…,
−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,….. together form the set of integers.
(i) Positive Integers: 1,2,3,4,….. is the set of all positive integers.
(ii) Negative Integers: −1,−2,−3,….. is the set of all negative integers.
(iii) Non-Positive and Non-Negative Integers: 0 is neither positive nor negative.
So, 0,1,2,3,…. represents the set of non-negative integers,
while 0,−1,−2,−3,….. represents the set of non-positive integers.
Top
IV. Even Numbers:

A number divisible by 2 is called an even number, e.g.,2,4,6,8, etc.
Top
V. Odd Numbers:
A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number. e.g.,1,3,5,7,9,11, etc.
Top
VI. Prime Numbers:

A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1
and the number itself.
 Prime numbers up to 100
are:2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73,79,83,89,97.
 Prime numbers Greater than 100 : Let p be a given number greater than 100. To find out
whether it is prime or not, we use the following method :
Find a whole number nearly greater than the square root of p. Let k>*jp. Test whether p
is divisible by any prime number less than k. If yes, then p is not prime. Otherwise, p is
prime. Example: We have to find whether 191 is a prime number or not. Now, 14>V191.
Prime numbers less than 14 are 2,3,5,7,11,13.
191 is not divisible by any of them. So, 191 is a prime number.
Top
VII. Composite Numbers:

Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known as composite numbers,
e.g., 4,6,8,9,10,12.
Note :
(i) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
(ii) 2 is the only even number which is prime.
(iii) There are 25 prime numbers between 1 and 100.
Top
Remainder & Quotient:
"The remainder is r when p is divided by k" means p=kq+r the integer q is called
the quotient.
For instance, "The remainder is 1 when 7 is divided by 3" means 7=3*2+1. Dividing both
sides of p=kq+r by k gives the following alternative form
p
k
=q+
r
k
Example: The remainder is 57 when a number is divided by 10,000. What is the
remainder when the same number is divided by 1,000?
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 43 (D) 57 (E) 570
Solution:
Since the remainder is 57 when the number is divided by 10,000, the number
can be expressed as 10,000n+57, where n is an integer.
Rewriting 10,000 as 1,000*10 yields 10,000n+57=1,000(10n)+57
Now, since n is an integer, 10 n is an integer. Letting 10n=q , we get
10,000n+57=1,000*q+57
Hence, the remainder is still 57 (by the p=kq+r form) when the number is divided by
1,000. The answer is (D).
Method II (Alternative form)
Since the remainder is 57 when the number is divided by 10,000, the number
can be expressed as 10,000n+57. Dividing this number by 1,000 yields
10,000n+57
1000
=
10,000n
1000
+
57
1000
=10n+
57
1000
Hence, the remainder is 57 (by the alternative form
p
k
=q+
r
k
), and the answer is(D).
Top
Even, Odd Numbers:
A number n is even if the remainder is zero when n is divided by 2:n=2z+0, or n=2z.

A number n is odd if the remainder is one when n is divided by 2:n=2z+1.
The following properties for odd and even numbers are very useful—you should memorize
them:
even * even = even
odd * odd = odd
even * odd = even
even + even = even
odd + odd = even
even + odd = odd
Example: If n is a positive integer and (n + 1)(n + 3) is odd, then (n + 2)(n + 4) must

be a multiple of which one of the following?
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8 (E) 16
Solution:
(n+1)(n+3) is odd only when both (n+1) and (n+3) are odd. This is possible only when n
is even.
Hence, n = 2m, where m is a positive integer. Then,
(n+2)(n+4)=(2m+2)(2m+4)=2(m+1)2(m+2)=4(m+1)(m+2)=
4 * (product of two consecutive positive integers, one which must be even) = 4 * (an
even number), and this equals a number that is at least a multiple of 8
Hence, the answer is (D).
Top
Tests of Divisibility:
1. Divisibility By 2:
A number is divisible by 2, if its unit's digit is any of 0,2,4,6,8.
Ex. 84932 is divisible by 2, while 65935 is not.
Top
A number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Ex.592482 is divisible by 3, since sum of its digits =(5+9+2+4+8+2)=30, which is
divisible by 3.
But, 864329 is not divisible by 3, since sum of its digits =(8+6+4+3+2+9)=32, which is
not divisible by 3.
Top
A number is divisible by 4, if the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4.
Ex. 892648 is divisible by 4, since the number formed by the last two digits is
48, which is divisible by 4. But, 749282 is not divisible by 4, since the number formed
by the last two digits is 82, which is not divisible by 4.
Top
A number is divisible by 5, if its unit's digit is either 0 or 5. Thus, 20820 and 50345 are
divisible by 5, while 30934 and 40946 are not.
Top
A number is divisible by 6, if it is divisible by both 2 and 3.
Ex. The number 35256 is clearly divisible by 2.Sum of its digits=(3+5+2+5+6)=21,
which is divisible by 3. Thus, 35256 is divisible by 2 as well as 3. Hence, 35256 is
divisible by 6.
Top
A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last Three digits of the given
number is divisible by 8.
Ex. 953360 is divisible by 8, since the number formed by last three digits is
360, which is divisible by 8. But, 529418 is not divisible by 8, since the number formed
by last three digits is 418, which is not divisible by 8.
Top
A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
Ex. 60732 is divisible by 9, since sum of digits =(6+0+7+3+2)=18, which is divisible by
9.
But, 68956 is not divisible by 9, since sum of digits =(6+8+9+5+6)=34, which is not
divisible by 9.
Top
A number is divisible by 10, if it ends with 0.
Ex. 96410, 10480 are divisible by 10, while 96375 is not.
Top
A number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum of its digits at odd places and the
sum of its digits at even places, is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.
Ex. The number 4832718 is divisible by 11, since :(sum of digits at odd places) - (sum of
digits at even places) =
=(8+7+3+4)−(1+2+8)=11, which is divisible by 11.
Top

A number is divisible by 12, if it is divisible by both 4 and3.
Ex. Consider the number 34632.
(i) The number formed by last two digits is 32, which is divisible by 4,
(ii) Sum of digits =(3+4+6+3+2)=18, which is divisible by 3. Thus, 34632 is divisible by
4 as well as 3. Hence, 34632 is divisible by 12.
Top

A number is divisible by 14, if it is divisible by 2 as well as 7.
Top

A number is divisible by 15, if it is divisible by both 3 and 5.
Top

A number is divisible by 16, if the number formed by the last4 digits is divisible by 16.
Ex.7957536 is divisible by 16, since the number formed by the last four digits is 7536,
which is divisible by 16.
Top

A given number is divisible by 24, if it is divisible by both 3 and 8.
Top

Top

Note: If a number is divisible by p as well as q, where p and q are co-primes, then the
given number is divisible by pq. If p and q are not co-primes, then the given
number need not be divisible by pq, even when it is divisible by both p and q.
Ex. 36 is divisible by both 4 and 6, but it is not divisible by (4*6)=24, since 4 and 6 are
not co- primes.
Top
Progression:
A succession of numbers formed and arranged in a definite order according to certain

definite rule, is called a progression.
1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.):
If each term of a progression differs from its preceding term by a constant, then such
a progression is called an arithmetical progression. This constant difference is called
the common difference of the A.P.
An A.P. with first term a and common difference d is given bya,(a+d),(a+2d),(a+3d),.....
The nth term of this A.P. is given by Tn=a(n−1)d.
The sum of n terms of this A.P. Sn=(
n
2
)[2a+(n−1)d]=(
n
2
)*(first term + last term).
Some Important Results:
(i) (1+2+3+….+n)=
n(n+1)
2
(ii) (l2+22+32+...+n2)=
n(n+1)(2n+1)
6
(iii) (13+23+33+...+n3)=n2(n+1)2
Top
2. Geometrical Progression (G.P.):

A progression of numbers in which every term bears a constant ratio with its
preceding term, is called a geometrical progression. The constant ratio is called the
common ratio of the G.P.
A G.P. with first term a and common ratio r is :a,ar,ar2,…..
In this G.P.nth term, Tn=arn−1
sum of n terms, Sn=
a(1−rn)
(1−r)
when r<1
From <http://www.lofoya.com/Aptitude-Questions-And-Answers/Number-System-and-Number-Theory/intro.htm>
Odd man out

Friday, May 01, 2015
4:03 PM
Directions to Solve
Find the odd man out.
1. 3, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21
A. 21 B. 17
C. 14 D. 3

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 14 is an odd number.
The number '14' is the only EVEN number.
2. 8, 27, 64, 100, 125, 216, 343
A. 27 B. 100
C. 125 D. 343

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The pattern is 23, 33, 43, 53, 63, 73. But, 100 is not a perfect cube.
3. 10, 25, 45, 54, 60, 75, 80
A. 10 B. 45
C. 54 D. 75

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 54 is multiple of 5.
4. 396, 462, 572, 427, 671, 264
A. 396 B. 427
C. 671 D. 264

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In each number except 427, the middle digit is the sum of other two.
5. 6, 9, 15, 21, 24, 28, 30
A. 28 B. 21
C. 24 D. 30

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 28, is a multiple of 3.
6. 1, 4, 9, 16, 23, 25, 36
A. 9 B. 23
C. 25 D. 36

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 23, is perfect square.
7. 1, 4, 9, 16, 20, 36, 49
A. 1 B. 9
C. 20 D. 49

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The pattern is 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72. But, instead of 52, it is 20 which to be turned out.
8. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, 50, 64
A. 50 B. 26
C. 37 D. 64

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
(1*1)+1 , (2*2)+1 , (3*3)+1 , (4*4)+1 , (5*5)+1 , (6*6)+1 , (7*7)+1 , (8*8)+1
But, 64 is out of pattern.
9. 10, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26
A. 26 B. 24
C. 21 D. 18

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 21 is an even number.
10. 16, 25, 36, 72, 144, 196, 225
A. 36 B. 72
C. 196 D. 225

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 72 is a perfect square.

11. 331, 482, 551, 263, 383, 362, 284
A. 263 B. 383
C. 331 D. 551

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In each number except 383, the product of first and third digits is the middle one.
12. 835, 734, 642, 751, 853, 981, 532
A. 751 B. 853
C. 981 D. 532

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In each number except 751, the difference of third and first digit is the middle one.
13. 41, 43, 47, 53, 61, 71, 73, 81
A. 61 B. 71
C. 73 D. 81

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Each of the numbers except 81 is a prime number.
14. 3, 5, 7, 12, 17, 19
A. 19 B. 17
C. 5 D. 12

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Each of the numbers is a prime number except 12.
1. 582, 605, 588, 611, 634, 617, 600
A. 634 B. 611
C. 605 D. 600

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Alternatively 23 is added and 17 is subtracted from the terms. So, 634 is wrong.
2. 22, 33, 66, 99, 121, 279, 594
A. 33 B. 121
C. 279 D. 594

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Each of the number except 279 is a multiple of 11.
3. 8, 13, 21, 32, 47, 63, 83
A. 47 B. 63
C. 32 D. 83

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Go on adding 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20.
So, the number 47 is wrong and must be replaced by 46.
4. 1, 8, 27, 64, 124, 216, 343
A. 8 B. 27
C. 64 D. 124

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The numbers are 13, 23, 33, 43 etc. So, 124 is wrong; it must have been 53 i.e., 125.
5. 1, 2, 6, 15, 31, 56, 91
A. 31 B. 91
C. 56 D. 15

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
1, 1 + 12 = 2, 2 + 22 = 6, 6 + 32 = 15, 15 + 42 = 31, 31 + 52 = 56, 56 + 62 = 92
Last number of given series must be 92 not 91.
1. 16, 33, 65, 131, 261, (....)
A. 523 B. 521
C. 613 D. 721

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Each number is twice the preceding one with 1 added or subtracted alternatively.
So, the next number is (2 x 261 + 1) = 523.
2. 10, 5, 13, 10, 16, 20, 19, (....)
A. 22 B. 40
C. 38 D. 23

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
There are two series (10, 13, 16, 19) and (5, 10, 20, 40), one increasing by 3 and the other
multiplied by 2.
3. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, (....)
A. 54 B. 56
C. 64 D. 81

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Numbers are 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72.
So, the next number is 82 = 64.
4. 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, (....)
A. 960 B. 1440
C. 1080 D. 1920

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Go on multiplying the given numbers by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
So, the correct next number is 1440.
5. 8, 7, 11, 12, 14, 17, 17, 22, (....)
A. 27 B. 20
C. 22 D. 24

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
There are two series (8, 11, 14, 17, 20) and (7, 12, 17, 22) increasing by 3 and 5
respectively.
6. 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, (....)
A. 43 B. 47
C. 53 D. 51

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Numbers are all primes. The next prime is 43.
7. 8, 24, 12, 36, 18, 54, (....)
A. 27 B. 108
C. 68 D. 72

Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Numbers are alternatively multiplied by 3 and divided by 2.
So, the next number = 54 ÷ 2 = 27.
8. 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, (....)
A. 61 B. 64
C. 72 D. 70

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The pattern is 1 x 2, 2 x 3, 3 x 4, 4 x 5, 5 x 6, 6 x 7, 7 x 8.
So, the next number is 8 x 9 = 72.
9. 4, -8, 16, -32, 64, (....)
A. 128 B. -128
C. 192 D. -192

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Each number is the proceeding number multiplied by -2.
So, the required number is -128.
10. 7, 26, 63, 124, 215, 342, (....)
A. 481 B. 511
C. 391 D. 421

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Numbers are (23 - 1), (33 - 1), (43 - 1), (53 - 1), (63 - 1), (73 - 1) etc.
So, the next number is (83 - 1) = (512 - 1) = 511.
1. 7, 8, 18, 57, 228, 1165, 6996
A. 8 B. 18
C. 57 D. 228
E. 1165

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Let the given numbers be A, B, C, D, E, F, G.
Then, A, A x 1 + 1, B x 2 + 2, C x 3 + 3, D x 4 + 4, E x 5 + 5, F x 6 + 6 are the required
numbers.
Clearly, 228 is wrong.
2. 1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 96, 720
A. 720 B. 96
C. 24 D. 6
E. 2

Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Go on multiplying with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 to get next number.
So, 96 is wrong.

3. 196, 169, 144, 121, 100, 80, 64
A. 169 B. 144
C. 121 D. 100
E. 80

Answer: Option E
Explanation:
Numbers must be (14)2, (13)2, (12)2, (11)2, (10)2, (9)2, (8)2.
So, 80 is wrong.
4. 445, 221, 109, 46, 25, 11, 4
A. 221 B. 109
C. 46 D. 25
E. 11

Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Go on subtracting 3 and dividing the result by 2 to obtain the next number.
Clearly, 46 is wrong.
5. 190, 166, 145, 128, 112, 100, 91
A. 100 B. 166
C. 145 D. 128
E. 112

Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Go on subtracting 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9 from the numbers to get the next number.
190 - 24 = 166
166 - 21 = 145
145 - 18 = 127 [Here, 128 is placed instead of 127]
127 - 15 = 112
112 - 12 = 100 ... and so on.
Therefore, 128 is wrong.
General knowledge
Saturday, May 02, 2015
4:17 PM
It has the most toxic venom of any land snake in the world. The maximum yield
recorded for one bite is 110mg, enough to kill about 100 humans, or 250,000 mice!
With an LD/50 of 0.03mg/kg, it is 10 times as venomous as the Mojave
Rattlesnake, and 50 times more than the common Cobra.
02-May-15 10:25 PM - Screen Clipping

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Reasoning

Tuesday, March 24, 2015

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3. All the trees in the park are flowering trees.

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1. A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons.

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Easy method: (Try this method to solve without any confusion)

Therefore, the given 3rd statement is true.

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2. The Shop and Save Grocery is south of Greenwood Pharmacy.

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3. Joe is younger than Kathy.

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4. On the day the Barton triplets are born,

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5. The temperature on Monday was lower than on Tuesday.

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1. All Lamels are Signots with buttons.

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2. The hotel is two blocks east of the drugstore.

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4. Tom puts on his socks before he puts on his shoes.

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5. Three pencils cost the same as two erasers.

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Avg speed = total distance/total time

Let the speed of two trains be 7x and 8x km/hr.

Distance travelled = 140 + 260m = 400m

5) In covering a distance of 30 km, A takes 2 hours more than B. If A doubles his

Let A's speed be X km/hr.

Distance = Speed * time

7) A train covers a distance in 50 min, if it runs at a speed of 48kmph on an average.

Time = 50/60 hr = 5/6hr