000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design

1/11/2019 000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design.
pdf
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Electrical Engineering
Full Practice Printed from Quality Requirement System Global Library
GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN
1.0 PURPOSE
This practice is developed to establish the standardized procedure and the mandatory requirements for
the preparation and development of the grounding (also called earthing) system, lightning protection
system, and Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) system design for both land based and offshore
facilities. Bonding is also addressed, which is part of the lightning protection system.
The grounding and lightning design work process is further described in Flow Diagram 000.265.8853.
2.0 APPLICATION
This practice is used by Electrical discipline project personnel on all projects involved in the
development of grounding, bonding and EMC system philosophy and design studies, and the risk
assessment and design of a lightning protection system.
Design of Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) can be applied primarily to new installations but may be
applied to expansion or modification projects if feasible.
The Electrical Project Lead holds the overall responsibility for the correct implementation and
application of this practice on the project.
This practice is to be made available to the project team in a central repository.
Note: Numeric figures and references in this practice are generally pointing to IEC and NEC standards.
For projects following other standards or complying with additional local standard, those references are
followed.
3.0 INTERFACING DISCIPLINES

The following disciplines have interfaces with Electrical in this Practice.
Project Management
Engineering Management
Control Systems Engineering
Telecommunications
Civil Engineering
Structural Engineering
Architectural
Piping Engineering
Equipment Engineering
Purchasing
4.0 DEFINITIONS
© 2019, Fluor Corporation. All rights reserved. Fluor Restricted Data. Further copying or distribution only by permission.
http://localhost:8082/PDF/000.265.9300%20Grounding,%20Lightning%20Protection%20and%20EMC%20System%20Design.pdf 1/29
1/11/2019 000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design.pdf
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
See glossary at the end of this practice
5.0 This section has been left intentionally blank
6.0 REQUIREMENTS
Initiation and Planning
6.1 The Electrical Project Lead will initiate and monitor the execution of the Grounding,
Lightning Protection, and EMC System Design on the project.
The overall work process for grounding and lightning design is shown in the Activity Based
Estimate Flow Diagram 000.265.8853.
Requirements for Electrical Project Initiation are described in Practice 000.265.0600.
6.1.1 The Electrical Project Lead will identify and obtain copies of the related project
scope documents, specifications, codes and standards, design philosophies,
power studies and software requirements required for the analysis and design
of the grounding, lightning protection and EMC system on the project and
provide them to the design team.
This also includes the modularization philosophy, module shipping envelopes,
module transportation method, and cable coiling philosophy for modular
projects.
6.1.2 The Electrical Project Lead will verify the Electrical team has read and
understands the specific grounding, lightning protection, and EMC system
design requirements.
These are contained within the applicable project scope documents, codes,
specifications, standards, philosophies, short circuit results/data, modularization
requirements, and software requirements.
6.1.3 The Electrical Project Lead will verify that software used has been approved for
use on the project.
6.1.4 The Electrical Project Lead will verify the specific grounding, lightning
protection, and EMC system design requirements are being implemented.
These are contained within the applicable project scope documents,
specifications, standards, codes, philosophies, power studies and software
requirements.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
6.1.5 The Electrical Project Lead will validate the final grounding, lightning
protection, and EMC system designs are compliant with the applicable local
code, acts and standards.
This may include National, Federal, State, Provincial, Municipal or other
regional authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) which have been identified by the
project.
6.1.6 The Electrical Project Lead will review and implement applicable lessons
learned or experiences from previous projects.
6.1.7 The Electrical Project Lead will develop and implement project specific
deviations to the code including verification they have been officially
documented and approved as per regional requirement for project use.
Deviations may include code variances or documented deviations approved by
authority having jurisdiction and the Client as applicable.
For example, in the U.S. only the AHJ can approve deviations from the NEC
Code. In Canada, deviations are approved by the safety code authority
recognized by the Province.
It is important to save written permissions to deviate from Code in a project
email retention file.
6.1.8 The Electrical Project Lead will monitor and identify potential changes to the
project requirements and baseline documents and submit deviations through
the change management system to obtain approval prior to implementation.
6.2 The Electrical Project Lead will drive the grounding, lightning protection, and EMC
system design development towards the lowest Total Installed Cost (TIC) and safety in
design consistent with the project’s Class of Facility Quality (CFQ), the contract, and the
Scope of Work.
Requirements for implementing Cost Competitive Engineering and Design Activities are
described in Practice 000.200.1400.
Documentation that supports cost competitive design changes (such as Technical Deviation
Notices (TDN), Design Decision Records (DDR), or Variances) is prepared, issued, and
documented in accordance with the project procedures.
The Electrical Responsible Engineer incorporates requirements related to safety in design

industry practices.
Requirements for the development of a project specific Class of Facility Quality are described
in Practice 000.100.1600.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Design Basis and Criteria

6.3 The Electrical Project Lead will establish the grounding, lightning protection, and EMC
system design criteria, and provide input to the applicable sections of the Electrical
Design Criteria and Design Basis documents.
Requirements for the development of the Electrical Design Basis are described in the Project
Procedures Manual Practice 000.100.1600, Section 8 Engineering / Design.
The Design Basis comprises the following key documents:
Project Requirements Checklist (000.100.F1000)

Scope of Services (SOS)
Scope of Facilities (SOF)
Requirements for the development of the project Electrical Design Criteria document are
described in the Electrical Specification Development Practice 000.265.4350.
The Electrical Design Criteria and Basis documents reference the adopted industry standards
and guidelines to be used on the project. (e.g., IESNA, ASHRAE, API 540, NEC, CEC, etc.).
6.3.1 The Electrical Project Lead will prepare studies or reports required to support
the design criteria (Cost, HSE, Maintainability and Reliability).
Reports and cost studies may be required to support design recommendations
and obtain Client approval.
6.3.2 The Electrical Project Lead will obtain internal interdisciplinary and Client
reviews of the Electrical Design Criteria and Basis.
Estimating & Material Control
6.4 The Electrical Design Supervisor will coordinate input to the grounding, lightning
protection, and EMC system design portion of the Class 3 Estimate.
6.4.1 The Electrical Design Supervisor will establish the Estimate Basis for the
Grounding System, Lightning Protection System, and EMC System Design
Class 3 Estimate.
6.4.2 The Electrical Design Supervisor will prepare and submit the MTO to Estimating
for the Grounding System, Lightning Protection System, and EMC System
Design Class 3 Estimate.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
This includes the following activities and deliverables:
Establishes the MTO strategy and aligns with Estimating.
Obtains the MTO template from Estimating and implements for project use.
Identifies factored materials and establishes factors with input from

Estimating.
Reviews the final MTO compilation and submits to Estimating.
Provides input to Estimating to support establishing the MTO allowances to

be used in Class 3 Estimate.
The MTO allowance is influenced by the maturity of the design at the time of
the estimate. A high MTO allowance may be required for very preliminary
design and low MTO allowances for mature designs, where risk of growth is
minimum.
Practice 000.265.3042 establishes the requirements for quality control of

Electrical Material Takeoffs for Electrical Bulk Material including but not limited
to grounding and lightning protection system.
6.4.3 The Electrical Designers will support the Class 3 Estimate activities and
deliverables for grounding and lightning protection system.
This includes the following activities:
Prepares the preliminary grounding calculations and lightning protection

assessment.
Prepares the Grounding and Lightning plan sketches.
Prepares the MTOs.
Provides input to electrical estimate basis and MTO strategy.
6.5 The Electrical Design Supervisor will coordinate the material requirements for
grounding and lightning protection with the Material Controller and provide input to the
Material Control Plan.
Provides input to the Material Control Plan per the requirements in Practice 000.265.3001,
Material Control Plan - Electrical.
Identifies the materials required and aligns with MatMan.
Supports the bulk material RFQs and PO.
Supports material forecasting.
Obtains Bill of Material (BOM) templates and implement for use.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Submits BOMs.
Grounding System Design

6.6 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will develop the grounding system design and
material requirements for the facilities.
The grounding system design is developed to comply with the project requirements and
applicable codes and standards. Depending on the project requirements; a grounding
philosophy diagram and a narrative report with supporting calculations is to be developed and
issued to support the basis for detailed grounding design.
Refer to the following design guidelines to support the development of the grounding design:
For IEC based projects, refer to Guideline 000.265.9302, Earthing System Philosophy and
Design.
For NEC/CEC based projects, refer to Guideline 000.265.9301, Grounding System
Philosophy and Design.
6.6.1 The Electrical Project Lead will coordinate with the Client or their
representatives to define and align the scope and to gather additional
information required to support the grounding design effort.
Information includes the following:
Review of the project requirement checklist.

Review of existing site practices, grounding philosophy or grounding design
basis.
For revamp or facilities expansion works, a copy of the grounding study or
report of the existing installation will be obtained, add and validate impact of
the additional facilities.
6.6.2 The Electrical Project Lead will communicate with the third party Contractor to
obtain site geotechnical reports or soil survey to get values of soil resistance.
This is done in coordination with Civil Engineering and the Project Engineering
Manager.
Refer to project the Job Bulletins or Project Execution Plan for the procedure for
obtaining the information from the third party Contractor. Forms such as
Request for Information (RFI) or Needs List may be required.
6.6.3 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will obtain input from Control System and
Telecommunication Project Leads for specific requirements of their grounding
systems including requirements for isolated and safety grounds.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
6.6.4 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will check and identify requirements for
static grounding in dust environments.
piping grounding.
truck and rail grounding.
6.6.7 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will check and review requirements for
cathodic protection systems.
Review and evaluate the impact of bare copper grounding system to the
cathodic protection system of buried metallic structures, equipment and
pipelines.
Implement mitigations to avoid interference and enforce the effectiveness of the

cathodic protection system.
6.6.8 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will check the soil resistivity results to
identify areas with poor soil conditions requiring specialty electrodes.
6.6.9 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will provide input to the Electrical Design
Criteria and Design Basis Documents.
6.6.10 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will prepare the project specific grounding
philosophy diagram(s).
Review and incorporate Project and Client specific requirements as required.
Refer to the following design guidelines to support the development of the

grounding philosophy:
For IEC based projects, use Attachment 1 and 2 of Guideline 000.265.9302,

Earthing System Philosophy and Design, as a reference.
For NEC/CEC based projects, use Attachment 1 of Guideline 000.265.9301,
Grounding System Philosophy and Design, as a reference.
6.6.11 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will obtain the latest electronic copies of
the Plot Plans, or Equipment Location Plans or the 3D model to support the
preparation of grounding grid layout sketches.
The FEED issued Plot Plan can be used as reference in the development of the
initial 2D ground grid layout.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Identify location of the structures and equipment to be provided with

grounding connections.
Develop the sketch of the grounding grid layout and give to 2D Designer to
develop the electronic 2D drawing.
Load the 2D drawing into the approved grounding software package.
Note: Depending on the Discipline scope of work, development of Plot Plan or

the Equipment Location Plan is under the responsibility of the Mechanical
Team.
6.6.12 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will obtain values of system data such as
short circuit current, duration of fault, system X/R ratio, and other relevant
information to be used in the calculations.
The following documents may contain the required information
Design Criteria
Project Design Basis
Project Requirements Checklist
If data is not available, formally request the required information from the Client.
6.6.13 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will run the grounding calculation using
the data collected and the project’s approved software and then check if it is
compliant to local standards and guidelines.
Refer to the approved Project Software Listing for the project-approved
software to be used. Samples of grounding calculation software are as
follows:
Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP)
Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding and Soil structure
Analysis (CDEGS)
Other Equivalent
Refer to Design Criteria or the Project Design Basis to determine the required
system grounding in each voltage level.
Conduct capacitive charging current calculation.
Check results; revise until adequate for the project requirement or local
standards.
Determine the size and spacing of the grounding grid conductor and number
of ground rods.
If required, determine the values of the touch and step potentials.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
6.6.14 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will prepare a grounding calculation study
report using the approved software calculation output and submit for project
approval (and to Client if required) and issue.
The project standard template is used for document deliverables (e.g., study
report format) or Fluor standard if project template is not available.
Lightning Protection System Design
6.7 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will evaluate the need for and then calculate a
suitable lightning protection system for the project.
A lightning risk assessment is performed to determine the extent of lighting protection needed.
A narrative report detailing the risk of lightning in the facilities and the recommended lightning
protection for the project is then prepared and submitted for approval.
All installation, structures, equipment and personnel of the plant need to be protected from
hazards arising from exposure to lightning. The Electrical Responsible Engineer makes an
assessment to measure the risk of a lightning strike and the probability of damage to the
facilities, and then provides a suitable lightning protection design that reduces the risks and
damage to properties and lives of the people working therein.
6.7.1 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify the structures to be protected,
obtain basic input data about the structures and assess the need for protection.
Structure properties help define the risk, the more the structure is susceptible to
fire the greater the risk when a lightning strikes. To assess the probability of
damage (PX), the Electrical Responsible Engineer determines the following:
Building or structure design, installation, material and construction properties

Contents of the structure
Purpose and location of the structure; hazardous or non-hazardous area
Building occupancy or persons in the structure or the zones up to 3m from
the outside of the structure
Environment affected by the damage to the structure
If there are available taller structure in the area
If the structure is capable of self-protection
If there is an existing nearby structure with lightning protection
6.7.2 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will perform a lightning risk assessment
study as per the applicable standard as described in Attachment 01
(000.265.9300a01).
A lightning risk assessment is performed either per BS EN 62305-2 or per
NFPA 780 as described in Attachment 01.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
The main purpose of a risk analysis is to reduce the existing risk to a tolerable
risk (RT). Tolerable risk should be defined when selecting the risks.
6.7.3 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify the type and class of lightning
protection system to be used for the project based on the risk assessment done
and the classification of the protection level.
Design of the external lightning protection system as follows:
Provides details about the material specifications, the size and type of air
termination system components.
Determines the size and number of down conductors and the required
separation distances.
Determines the quantity and location of grounding termination device and tie-
in to grounding system to satisfy the minimum requirement for grounding
resistance.
6.7.4 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will use rolling sphere method to identify
the location of the air terminals.
6.7.5 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify and define the requirement for
internal lightning protection system based on the protection level classification.
Studies and identifies the requirement for equipotential bonding and electrical
insulation.
Identifies the need for protection against lightning induction.
Identifies the required equipotential bonding requirement.
Identifies the safe distance requirements between components.
6.7.6 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify the need for the protection of
the incoming services such as main power supply, communication system etc.
to the building or structure.
Provides recommendation for routing and safety distance between incoming

services lines and down conductors.
Identifies the need and selection of surge protection device (SPD) for
protection against lightning surge coming from incoming services.
Identifies critical electrical equipment and the need for Surge arresters.
6.7.7 The Electrical Design Supervisor will identify routing of the down conductors,
coordinate with other disciplines for interfaces and support requirements.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Coordinate routing and support with the following:
Structural
Architectural
Mechanical Vendor
6.7.8 The Electrical Design Supervisor will identify location of ground termination
devices and provide tap connections to the plant grounding system.
6.7.9 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will prepare a lightning risk assessment
report using the results of the risk assessment and the recommendation for
lightning protection system.
6.7.10 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will make sure that bonding of all non-
current carrying metallic equipment and enclosures, structural columns, other
metallic structures, and metallic piping and its connections are defined in the
grounding philosophy and design.
EMC System Design
6.8 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will assess the electromagnetic environment and
then develop an appropriate EMC system for the project.
The electromagnetic environment of the project is assessed and the EMC is mitigated and
addressed in the earthing (grounding) design of all electronic and electrical apparatus.
6.8.1 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify the different lightning
protection zones (LPZ) in the building and design the lightning electromagnetic
protection system for the different LPZs.
Divide building into different LPZs based on location, possibility and severity
of getting direct lightning strikes and strength of electromagnetic field.
Design protection system consisting of magnetic shield, earthing system and
equipotential bonding system for both inside and on the boundary of each
LPZ.
Select SPD based on LPZ and system requirement and performs SPD
coordination study if multiple levels of SPD are necessary.
6.8.2 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify and assess items which
generate interference as well as those affected by them.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Checks and assess systems or devices which generate interference (source).
Sources of ambient electromagnetic energy like telecoms, TV and radio

signal transmission system, solar magnetic storm, lightning, utility power
transmission and other electrical and electronic products, such as VFD, arc
welders, motor bushes and electrical contacts.
High powered electromagnetic pulse (HEMP)
Power quality degradation
Railroad and mass transit system
Checks for system or devices which are susceptible to interference (victim).
Wireless networks
Computer systems and network
Very Low Frequency Systems (VLF)
6.8.3 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will identify ways to reduce or modify the
interference.
Check for ways which could reduce the interference level of the source.
Checks requirement for voltage level separation distance and follow.

Checks requirement for filters, add as needed.
Checks specification of enclosure materials, seals are added on
penetrations.
Checks requirement for operating frequency adjustment.
Implements appropriate enclosure bonding and grounding practices.
Checks for galvanic compatibility of materials.
Check for ways which could increase the susceptibility threshold of the
receiver.
Identifies the required voltage level separation distance and implement on

the design
Identifies and check specifications of the enclosure materials
Checks requirement for local filters and add if required
Implements appropriate enclosure bonding and grounding
Checks and identifies requirement for operating frequency adjustment
Checks if galvanic compatibility of materials are satisfied
Check for ways to reduce the effectiveness of the coupling path.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Identifies the need and check if voltage level separation distance between
conductors can be increased.
Checks if shielding of rooms and cabinets are provided; walls and
enclosure penetrations are sealed.
Checks cable specifications use shielded cables as needed.
Checks if the number of interconnections and joints can be reduced
Checks if additional filters are needed.
6.8.4 The Electrical Responsible Engineer will prepare an EMC study report
documenting the results of the assessment.
6.8.5 The Electrical Project Lead will make sure that all requirements for the
mitigation of EMC are properly implemented.
All installation requirements are captured on the grounding and lightning
protection system design and installation details. This includes:
Appropriate distances between electromagnetic emitters and victims are

observed in the Equipment Arrangement Plan.
Rooms and cabinets are provided with shielding and appropriate penetration
protection.
Cables are properly selected; shielded cables are used and satisfy the
requirement.
Correct voltage level segregation distances are observed in cable routing and
layout.
Required grounding and bonding connections are provided and in
compliance to the grounding and lightning protections system calculation.
Issue and Implementation of Reports and Calculations
6.9 The Electrical Project Lead will coordinate checking, review and approval of the
grounding, lightning protection, and EMC study reports prior to final issue.
The Electrical Project Lead or designated Project Checker performs a quality check of the
documents according to project quality requirements and makes sure that the calculation
results and recommendations complies to the project requirements and applicable codes
and standards.
The Electrical Project Lead and designated Project Checker sign the final documents to be
issued.
The Electrical Project Lead solicits approvals as per the Project Activity Plan and then issue
as Approved for Design (AFD).
Final calculations and reports are to be completed, reviewed and approved by the Electrical
Project Lead prior to issuing Grounding and Lightning Protection System design
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
deliverables for construction.
6.10 The Electrical Project Lead will cascade the results of the grounding calculations,
lightning risk assessment, and the EMC system requirements to the electrical design
teams, and then monitor implementation.
The Electrical Project Lead together with the Electrical Responsible Engineer checks and
monitors the correct implementation of the requirements derived from the grounding
calculation, lightning protection and EMC system reports. This information forms part of the
basis of 3D modeling and 2D layout development.
The Electrical Project Lead or the designated project checker performs a quality check of the
3D and 2D layouts to make sure that all requirements are satisfied.
CAD Design Activities

6.11 The Electrical Design Supervisor will coordinate general CAD and system setup
activities for the grounding, lightning protection design.
6.11.1 The Electrical Design Supervisor will establish and maintain a set of Grounding
and Lightning Protection Standard Installation Details, Symbols and General
Notes.
Requirements for review and development of the project Electrical Standard
Installation Details are described in Practice 000.265.4354.
Verifies the bulk material strategy.

Reviews Client Details (If required), use Fluor details and supplement as
required.
Coordinates with Materials Group to verify details are incorporated and
integrated with MatMan.
Coordinates with the 3D DAS to verify the details are incorporated and
updated in the modeling database.
Identifies which new drawings are required or require revision.
Reviews and issues drawings.
6.11.2 The Electrical Design Supervisor will verify if the main grounding grid requires
3D modeling in accordance with the Contract.
The following documents are to be reviewed:
Contract / Scope of Work / Scope of Services

Project Requirements Checklist
Discipline Activity Plan
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
The 3D model may include connections and pigtails to major equipment to be

provided with grounding connections.
6.11.3 The Electrical Design Supervisor will establish the drawing deliverable
requirements.
Reviews the drawings deliverable requirements and verifies the deliverable

go-bys are established in accordance with the Electrical Layout Practice
000.265.4380.
Verifies the deliverables are aligned with the project scope (i.e.
modularization, coiling strategy, construction execution, work packaging
scope delineation).
6.11.4 The Electrical Design Supervisor will establish and maintain the grounding and
lightning protection baseline.
Reviews and verifies the baseline MTO.

Reviews the baseline estimated deliverable and effort hour estimate.
Supports the Electrical Project Lead with key quantity reporting.
Updates and maintains the baseline quantities throughout the life cycle of the
project.
Communicates the baseline to the Electrical team.
Designs to the baseline and perform the change management.
6.11.5 The Electrical S3D Discipline Application Specialist will verify the grounding
and lightning protection requirements are incorporated into the 2D and 3D tool
setup in coordination with the Electrical Design Supervisor.
The Electrical S3D DAS prepares the 3D tools in accordance with the
requirements in Practice 000.265.4120.
The Electrical S3D DAS prepares the 2D tools in accordance with the
requirements in the applicable 2D drawing software practices, e.g., Guideline
000.203.2101 (Microstation Procedures Manual), Practice 000.203.2301
(AutoCad Procedures Manual), etc.
6.12 The Electrical Designers will perform 3D Modeling.
The requirements for electrical S3D design & modeling is described in Practice 000.265.4120.
This includes addressing the project requirements for each model Review.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
The Electrical Designers update and close the model review tags at each stage of the model
review.
Note: Verify the 3D modeling requirements with the Electrical Design Supervisor prior to
proceeding. Modeling of grounding and lightning systems (conductors, ground rods, wells and
associated connections) may not be required or be limited to certain items.
6.13 The Electrical Designers will prepare the layout drawing(s) in accordance with the
project requirements and CAD procedures.
The requirements for preparing and issuing Electrical Layouts are described in Practice
000.265.4380.
The requirements for S3D model extraction is described in Practice 000.265.4122.
6.13.1 The Electrical Design Supervisor will verify the layout is being developed using
the latest 3D model and the final layout is extracted from the model and
prepared in accordance with the project requirements.
6.14 The Electrical Designers will maintain and issue the layout drawing(s) throughout the
project duration in accordance with project requirements and CAD procedures.
6.14.1 The Electrical Designers will update the layout based on the latest information
and supplier data throughout the project duration.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
7.0 SUPPORTING RESOURCES

Attachment
Attachment 01 Lightning Risk Assessment per BS EN 62305-2 and NFPA 780
Refer to Section 9 for more information.
8.0 SUPPORTING KNOWLEDGE

Other Resources
Other Resources IEEE 1100 Recommended practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic
Equipment
Other Resources BS EN 62305-3 Protection Against Lightning – Part 3 : Physical Damage to Structures
and Life Hazard
Other Resources BS EN 62305-1 Protection Against Lightning – Part 1 : General Principle
Other Resources BS EN 62305-4 Protection Against Lightning – Part 4
Other Resources IEC 61000-6-5 Electromagnetic Compatibility – Part 6-5
Other Resources IEC 61000-5-2 Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC – Part 5
9.0 ATTACHMENTS, ADDENDA, WORK INSTRUCTIONS

Addenda
Not Used
Attachment
Attachment 01 Lightning Risk Assessment per BS EN 62305-2 and NFPA 780
Work Instructions
Not Used
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01
01 LIGHTNING RISK ASSESSMENT PER BS EN 62305-2 AND NFPA 780
1.0 RISK MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO BS EN 62305-2

1.1 The Electrical Engineer will identify the type of loss in the structure and the relevant corresponding
risk.
Identify and evaluate the following risks:
• Risk R1: Loss of human life
• Risk R2: Loss of services to the public
• Risk R3: Loss of cultural heritage
• Risk R4: Loss of economic value
1.2 The Electrical Engineer will identify and calculate the risk components for each type of loss.
• Risk components for a structure due to flashes to the structure - Source of Damage S1: Flashes to a
structure
- Identify RA - Component related to injury to living beings caused by electric shock due to touch and
step voltages inside the structure and outside in the zones up to 3 m around down-conductors.
- Identify RB - Component related to physical damage caused by dangerous sparking inside the
structure triggering fire or explosion which may also endanger the environment.
- Identify Rc - Component related to failure of internal systems caused by Overvoltage / LEMP
• Risk component for a structure due to flashes near the structure - Source of Damage S2: Flashes near
a structure
- Identify RM - Component related to failure of internal systems caused by LEMP
• Risk components for a structure due to flashes to a line connected to the structure - Source of Damage
S3: Flashes to a line
- Identify RU - Component related to injury to living beings caused by electric shock due to touch
voltage inside the structure.
- Identify RV - Component related to physical damage (fire or explosion triggered by dangerous
sparking between external installation and metallic parts generally at the entrance point of the line
into the structure) due to lightning current transmitted through or along incoming lines.
- Identify RW - Component related to failure of internal systems caused by over voltages induced on
incoming lines and transmitted to the structure.
• Risk component for a structure due to flashes near a line connected to the structure - Source of
Damage S4: Flashes near a line
- Identify RZ - Component related to failure of internal systems caused by over voltages induced on
incoming lines and transmitted to the structure.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01
1.3 The Electrical Engineer will assess the Risk components.

Each risk component RA, RB, RC, RM, RU, RV, RW and RZ, as described above may be expresses by
following the general formula:
RX = NX • PX • LX
Where:
NX is the number of dangerous events per annum (see Annex A – BS EN 62305-2)
PX is the probability of damage to a structure (see Annex B - BS EN 62305-2);
LX is the consequent loss (see also Annex C - BS EN 62305-2).
1.4 The Electrical Engineer will calculate the frequency of annual number of dangerous events Nx.
NX can be calculated using the below parameters: Refer to Annex A of BS EN 62305-2
Ground Flash Density NG – Use the Figure NF.2 – Map showing thunderstorm days per year throughout the
world to determine the values of lightning ground flash density (NG); plot the location of the facilities on the
map for thunderstorm days per year to obtain NG.
• Collection areas A
• Location Factor CP
• Environmental Factor CE
1.5 The Electrical Engineer will assess the probability of damage to a structure Px.
The following PX values will be assess: Refer to Annex B of BS EN 62305-2
• Probability PA that a flash to a structure will cause injury to living beings by electric shock
• Probability PB that a flash to a structure will cause physical damage
• Probability PC that a flash to a structure will cause failure of internal systems
• Probability PM that a flash near a structure will cause failure of internal systems
• Probability PU that a flash to a line will cause injury to living beings by electric shock
• Probability PV that a flash to a line will cause physical damage
• Probability PW that a flash to a line will cause failure of internal systems
• Probability PZ that a lightning flash near an incoming line will cause failure of internal systems
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01
1.6 The Electrical Engineer will calculate for the possible losses LX. Losses are differentiated according
to the risk components.
The following LX values will be assessed: Refer to Annex C of BS EN 62305-2
• Loss of human Life L1
• Loss of services to the public L2
• Loss of cultural heritage L3
• Loss of economic value L4
1.7 The Electrical Engineer will obtain the values of Tolerable Risk (RT).
Values of Tolerable level of loss could be provided by the following:

• It is the responsibility of the Authority having jurisdiction
• If risk levels are not provided, the following typical values in Table 4 from BS EN 62305-2 can be used
with the agreement of the Client or Client representative.
Table 4 – Typical Values of Tolerable Risk RT
Types of L oss R T (y–1 )
L1 Loss of human life or permanent injuries 10 –5
L2 Loss of service to the public 10 –3
L3 Loss of cultural heritage 10 –4
1.8 The Electrical Engineer will compare the calculated value of the risk R with the tolerable value RT.
Following condition will be observed:

• If R ≤ RT, lightning protection is not necessary.
• If R > RT, protection measures shall be adopted in order to reduce R ≤ RT for risks to which the
structure is subjected.
2.0 RISK MANAGEMENT ACCORDING TO NFPA 780

2.1 The Electrical Engineer will obtain the values of Tolerable Risk (RT).
Values of Tolerable level of loss could be provided by the following:

• It is the responsibility of the Authority having jurisdiction
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01

• Selected by the Owner or Owner’s Representative
• If risk levels are not provided, the following default values in Table L.6.2 from NFPA 780 can be used
with the agreement of the Client or Client Representative.
Table L.6.2 – Values of Tolerable Risk (R T)
Type of Loss R T / year
10–5
Loss of life or injury
10–3
Loss of service
10–3
Loss of historical significance
2.2 The Electrical Engineer will identify the type of risk due to lightning for particular structure or
facility.
• Identify and evaluate the following risks:
- Risk R1: Loss of human life or injury
- Risk R2: Loss of services to the public
- Risk R3: Loss of historical significance
- Risk R4: Loss of economic value
• Identify the type of loss associated with the risk component, by considering the following source of
threats
- Strikes to the structure
- Strikes to an incoming service to a structure
- Strikes near a service
- Strikes near a structure
2.3 The Electrical Engineer will identify the relevant risk components to be considered in the
assessment of the risk of the losses in Item 2.4 below.
• Risk components resulting from a direct strike to a Structure
- Identify RA - injuries caused by strikes to a structure (touch and step potentials).
- Identify RB - damage to a structure due to a direct strike.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01

- Identify RC - failure of internal systems due to a strike to a structure.
• Risk components resulting from strikes near a structure

- Identify RM - failure of internal systems due to a strike near a structure.
• Risk components resulting from a strike to a Service Connected to a Structure.

- Identify RU – injury due to strikes to a service connected to the structure.
- Identify RV - damage to a structure due to strikes to a service connected to the structure.
- Identify RW - failure of internal systems or equipment due to a strike to a service connected to the
structure.
• Risk components resulting from strikes near a Service Connected to the Structure.
- Identify RZ - failure of internal systems or equipment due to strikes near a service connected to the
structure.
Formulas for the calculation of risk components are given in Table L.6.6 Annex L of NFPA 780.
2.4 The Electrical Engineer will determine the risk for each relevant type of loss for the structure by
identify the component RX that makes up the risk.
Calculate the identified component of risk then add to calculate the total risk due to lightning (R) using the
following relationship:
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4
R1 = RA + RB + RC* + RM*, + RU + RV + RW* + RZ*
R2 = RB + RC + RM + RV + RW + RZ
R3 = RB + RV
R4 = RA** + RB + RC + RM + RU** + RV + RW + RZ
* RC, RM, RW, and RZ in R1 are applicable only for structures with risk of explosion, for structures with life-
critical electrical equipment (such as hospitals), or other structures where the failure of internal systems
immediately endangers human life.
** RA and RU in R4 are applicable only for structures where animals might be injured.
2.5 The Electrical Engineer will calculate each component of Risk (RX).
Each component of risk RX, can be calculated using the following expressions:
RX = NX• PX•LX
Where:
NX Number of lightning strikes affecting the structure or service
PX Probability of damage
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01

LX Loss factor
2.6 The Electrical Engineer will conduct an assessment of the annual threat of occurrence NX.
• Annual threat of occurrence resulting from a direct strike to structure (ND)
• Annual threat of occurrence due to a strike to an incoming service (NL)
&v; Annual threat of occurrence due to flashes to an adjacent structure (NDJ)
• Annual threat of occurrence due to flashes near a service (NI)
Refer to NFPA 780 Annex L for detailed instruction on how each threat will be estimated
2.7 The Electrical Engineer will assess the factors associated with the probabilities of damage PX.
Following probability factors will be assessed.

• Probability of injury (PA) due to a direct strike to a structure that is primarily related to touch and step
potentials. Refer to NFPA 780Table L.6.7.1 for default values of (PA).
• Probability of physical damage (PB) due to a direct strike to a structure that is primarily related to the
type of protection provided. Default values for (PB) are given in Table L.6.7.2 of NFPA 780
• Probability of failure of internal systems due to a direct strike (PC) that is primarily related to the surge
protection measures provided. Default values for PC are given in Table L.6.7.3 of NFPA 780.
• Probability that a strike near a structure will cause failure of internal systems (PM) depends on the
lightning protection measures implemented
• Probability, PU, that a lightning flash will result in injury to living beings due to touch voltage by a flash to
a service entering the structure
• The probability of physical damage due to a strike to a service entering a structure (PV)
• Probability of failure of internal systems due to a strike to a service entering a structure (PW)
• Probability of a failure of internal systems due to a strike near a service entering the structure under
consideration (PZ)
Refer to NFPA 780 Annex L section L.6.6.2 for detailed instruction on how each probability factors will be
estimated
2.8 The Electrical Engineer will assess the loss LX.
The following loss factors will be calculated:

• The value of loss factors associated to human injury
• The value of loss factors associated to physical damage to properties
• The value of loss factors associated to the failure of the internal systems.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Attachment 01

Refer to NFPA 780 Annex L, Section L.6.6.3 for detailed instructions on how each loss factor will be
calculated.
2.9 The Electrical Engineer will compare the total risk (R) with the maximum tolerable risk (RT) for each
type of loss relevant to the structure.
If R < RT for each type of loss relevant to the structure, then lightning protection might not be needed
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
DEFINITIONS
The following terms and acronyms apply to this practice.
Title Description
2D Two Dimensional (2D) space
3D Three Dimensional (3D) space
ASHRAE (ASHRAE) American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
Authority Having Jurisdiction An official organization or person who has the delegated authority to
(AHJ) determine, mandate and enforce code requirements established by
jurisdictional governing bodies regulations.
Bill of Material (BOM) Bill of Material - BOM is a list of units being quoted, purchased, requisitioned,
or that which is required to build, fabricate, or install / assemble a specific
scope of work. In MatMan, a Bill of Material is a detailed material listing with
item codes, descriptions, and quantities. Depending on the use of the list, it
should be identified as one of the following: E- BOM - An Engineering BOM
used to request material from the warehouse. R-BOM – A Requisition BOM
used with a Purchase Requisition (PR) to request materials to be priced,
quoted or purchased.
Bulk Material Items that normally do not require engineering data sheets or drawings to
support the identification and purchasing processes. Typically these are
generic in their usage in that they are fully interchangeable with other like
items identified with the same item code number and size. Normally these
items are not unique and are, therefore, not individually tagged to be installed
in a singular location (e.g., all piping items and most common electrical and
instrumentation items). Also known as bulks or commodity items. This is
pertaining to Electrical Bulk Materials (e.g. Lighting, Receptacles, Panels,
Junction Boxes).
CAD Computer Aided Drafting
CEC Canadian Electrical Code – CSA C22.1
CFQ Class of Facility Quality
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Class 3 Estimate Front End Engineering/Design estimate (Typical accuracy -15/+20%), used to
establish the baseline.
Contract A deliberate agreement enforceable by law between two or more competent

persons or parties to perform or not to perform a specific act or acts. A
contract may be oral or written. Acceptance may be either in writing or by
performance, unless the PO / contract requires acceptance thereof to be in
writing, in which case it must be thus accepted.
CT Current Transformer
DAS Discipline Application Specialist
Electrical Design Supervisor Provides support to Electrical Project Lead in producing the electrical design
and layout.
Electrical Engineer Provides support to the Electrical Project Lead in producing the electrical
design specification as defined in this document.
Electrical Layouts The term “Electrical Layouts” referred in this practice include the following
layout types: Aboveground Power and Control, Aboveground Cable Tray,
Lighting & Small Power, U/G Grounding, Underground Power and Control,
Electrical Equipment, Street Lighting, Hazardous Area Classification.
Electrical Project Lead Electrical Project Lead has the overall responsibility for creating the design
specification. Electrical Project Lead provides overall guidance and support to
the development of the electrical design specification. It serves as the liaison
between project and engineering management and the discipline task force.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Electromagnetic Compatibility – The ability of equipment or system to function

(EMC) satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment (EME) without introducing
intolerable electromagnetic disturbance to anything in that environment.
Engineering Manager Facilitates the work on specification production by providing guidance in the
form of job bulletins and outlining the project specific work processes and
requirements.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
Estimate Basis The Estimate Basis thoroughly describes the estimating methodology,
estimate organization and format, scope of work, listing of engineering
documents used, definition of all cost elements, project execution philosophy,
project schedule, qualifications, assumptions, and exclusions, and any other
items which may have substantive impact on the estimate.
Front End Engineering and Front End Engineering Design is the basic engineering which comes after the
Design (FEED) conceptual design or feasibility study. The FEED design focuses the technical
requirements as well as estimate cost for the project. The FEED package is
used as the basis for bidding the Execution Phase Contracts (EPC, EPCI,
etc.) and is used as the design basis.
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IESNA (IESNA) Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
Intergraph SmartPlant® 3D SmartPlant® 3D Plant Design System

(S3D)
LE Discipline Lead Engineer
Lightning Lightning is a natural phenomenon; which is associated with a high

electrostatic discharge and high energy which may lead to loss of life and
property. Lightning protection system is installed to disperse the energy from
a lightning strike safely to earth.
Lightning Electromagnetic Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse – Electromagnetic effects of lightning

Pulse (LEMP) current, which includes conducted surges as well as radiated impulse
electromagnetic field effects.
Material Take Off (MTO) Material Takeoff – a material takeoff prepared or extracted by a defined work
area, work package or by drawing used to support material estimating,
material forecasting or the preparation of detailed Bill of Materials.
Practice 000.265.9300
Date 11Jan2019
MaterialManager® (MatMan) MaterialManager® Fluor Material Management System provides for the total
control of project materials, from identification and acquisition, to tracking,
transportation, warehousing, and installation. Construction schedules can be
efficiently modified based on material availability. MaterialManager® is
designed to support the integrated and varied processes at Fluor to manage
the complex and dynamic needs of Clients for Engineering, Procurement,
Fabrication, and Construction (EPFC) projects.
MatMan Fluor Material Manager program/software
NEC National Electric Code - NFPA 70
Project Procedures Manual Project Procedures Manual (PPM) Practice 000.100.0060 - Defines the
(PPM) procedures and methods used to execute a project. Job bulletins are used to
augment the PPM when needed to provide project specific procedures
Request for Information (RFI) Request for Information - The means by which a bidder / supplier / contractor
submits a request to a buyer / CA to obtain clarification on RFQ / RFP or PO /
contract requirements. RFIs are neither changes nor authorizations to
perform changes. Should a change arise out of an RFI, it must be confirmed
by a CO, CSI, or contract modification. Also known as request for clarification
of information (RCI) or technical query.
Scope of Facilities (SOF) The physical and functional description of the final constructed and delivered
facility.
Scope of Services (SOS) The services provided in order to design, procure, fabricate and/or construct
the facility. This may include the execution approach (tools, resources,
standards, etc.); roles and responsibilities for Fluor, clients and third parties;
list of deliverables by Fluor and all other major parties; list of assumptions and
exclusions.
TIC Total Installed Cost
Variable Frequency Drive Variable Frequency Drive - a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-
(VFD) mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying
motor input frequency and voltage. May also be referred to as a Variable
Speed Drive (VSD) or Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD).

000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1/11/2019 000.265.9300 Grounding, Lightning Protection and EMC System Design.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

This practice is to be made available to the project team in a central repository.

3.0 INTERFACING DISCIPLINES

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

See glossary at the end of this practice

5.0 This section has been left intentionally blank

Requirements for Electrical Project Initiation are described in Practice 000.265.0600.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

The Electrical Responsible Engineer incorporates requirements related to safety in design

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Design Basis and Criteria

The Design Basis comprises the following key documents:

Project Requirements Checklist (000.100.F1000)

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

This includes the following activities and deliverables:

Establishes the MTO strategy and aligns with Estimating.

Identifies factored materials and establishes factors with input from

Reviews the final MTO compilation and submits to Estimating.

Provides input to Estimating to support establishing the MTO allowances to

Practice 000.265.3042 establishes the requirements for quality control of

Prepares the preliminary grounding calculations and lightning protection

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Grounding System Design

Review of the project requirement checklist.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Implement mitigations to avoid interference and enforce the effectiveness of the

Refer to the following design guidelines to support the development of the

For IEC based projects, use Attachment 1 and 2 of Guideline 000.265.9302,

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Identify location of the structures and equipment to be provided with

Note: Depending on the Discipline scope of work, development of Plot Plan or

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Building or structure design, installation, material and construction properties

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Provides recommendation for routing and safety distance between incoming

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Coordinate routing and support with the following:

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Checks and assess systems or devices which generate interference (source).

Sources of ambient electromagnetic energy like telecoms, TV and radio

Checks for system or devices which are susceptible to interference (victim).

Checks requirement for voltage level separation distance and follow.

Identifies the required voltage level separation distance and implement on

Check for ways to reduce the effectiveness of the coupling path.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

Appropriate distances between electromagnetic emitters and victims are

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

deliverables for construction.

CAD Design Activities

Verifies the bulk material strategy.

Contract / Scope of Work / Scope of Services

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

The 3D model may include connections and pigtails to major equipment to be

Reviews the drawings deliverable requirements and verifies the deliverable

Reviews and verifies the baseline MTO.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN

The requirements for S3D model extraction is described in Practice 000.265.4122.

GROUNDING, LIGHTNING PROTECTION AND EMC SYSTEM DESIGN