● 1. What are the three main components of an electric power system?

○ A) Generation
○ B) Distribution
○ C) Consumption
○ D) Transformation
● Answer: A) Generation
●
● 2. Which of the following is NOT a source of energy used for electricity
generation in power systems?
○ A) Fossil fuels
○ B) Solar power
○ C) Wind energy
○ D) Geothermal energy
● Answer: D) Geothermal energy
●
● 3. What are the main environmental issues associated with power
generation?
○ A) Noise pollution
○ B) Air pollution
○ C) Water pollution
○ D) Soil erosion
● Answer: C) Water pollution
●
● 4. In the transmission system, what are the typical voltage ranges used in
European countries?
○ A) Low Voltage (LV)
○ B) Medium Voltage (MV)
○ C) Extra High Voltage (EHV)
○ D) Ultra High Voltage (UHV)
● Answer: C) Extra High Voltage (EHV)
●
● 5. How does the distribution system deliver electrical energy to customers?
○ A) Through transmission lines
○ B) Through service transformers
○ C) Through substations
○ D) Through power plants
● Answer: B) Through service transformers
●
● 6. What is the main function of a power supply system?
○ A) Generate electricity
○ B) Store electricity
○ C) Deliver electricity to consumers
 ○ D) Control electricity flow
● Answer: C) Deliver electricity to consumers
●
● 7. What factors are reliability based on in a power delivery system?
○ A) Voltage levels and capacity
○ B) Frequency of interruptions and duration of outages
○ C) Equipment cost and maintenance schedule
○ D) Energy sources and transmission distances
● Answer: B) Frequency of interruptions and duration of outages
●
● 8. During which era was power considered essential and needed for homes
and businesses?
○ A) Early era (1890-1930)
○ B) Digital era (1970-2000)
○ C) Industrial era (1940-1960)
○ D) Modern era (2000-present)
● Answer: C) Industrial era (1940-1960)
●
● 9. What is the definition of reliability in a power delivery system?
○ A) Ability to generate electricity continuously
○ B) Ability to meet peak demands consistently
○ C) Ability to provide stable voltage to consumers' needs
○ D) Ability to reduce energy costs effectively
● Answer: C) Ability to provide stable voltage to consumers' needs
●
● 10. Why is it more efficient and economical to produce power at few locations
using large generators?
○ A) To reduce equipment costs
○ B) To minimize transmission losses
○ C) To increase voltage levels
○ D) To improve environmental sustainability
● Answer: B) To minimize transmission losses
●
● 11. What is the purpose of using hierarchical voltage levels in power systems?
○ A) To reduce equipment costs
○ B) To increase transmission efficiency
○ C) To minimize voltage drop and losses
○ D) To improve environmental performance
● Answer: C) To minimize voltage drop and losses
●
● 12. How do transformers change the voltage and current levels in a power
flow system?
○ A) By increasing both voltage and current simultaneously
 ○ A) By increasing both voltage and current simultaneously
○ B) By decreasing both voltage and current simultaneously
○ C) By multiplying current when reducing voltage
○ D) By dividing current when increasing voltage
● Answer: C) By multiplying current when reducing voltage
●
● 13. What is the primary function of switching equipment in a power system?
○ A) To regulate voltage levels
○ B) To change the direction of power flow
○ C) To vary the connection of lines
○ D) To control frequency fluctuations
● Answer: C) To vary the connection of lines
●
● 14. Which equipment is used to detect electrical equipment failure and
isolate damaged components in a power system?
○ A) Circuit breakers
○ B) Transformers
○ C) Power lines
○ D) Switches
● Answer: A) Circuit breakers
●
● 15. What is one characteristic of protective equipment in a power system?
○ A) It contains sensitive electro-mechanical parts
○ B) It increases energy consumption
○ C) It reduces overall system efficiency
○ D) It requires frequent manual adjustments
● Answer: A) It contains sensitive electro-mechanical parts
●
● 16. How does the net installed capacity change as one moves towards the
consumer in a power delivery system?
○ A) It decreases
○ B) It remains constant
○ C) It increases
○ D) It fluctuates randomly
● Answer: C) It increases
●
● 17. Why is it important for each unit of equipment in a power system to
function well in conjunction with the rest of the system?
○ A) To reduce maintenance costs
○ B) To ensure customer satisfaction
○ C) To improve energy efficiency
○ D) To lower environmental impact
● Answer: B) To ensure customer satisfaction
●
● 18. Which type of equipment is responsible for maintaining voltage within an
acceptable range in a power system?
○ A) Power lines
○ B) Transformers
○ C) Switching equipment
○ D) Voltage regulation equipment
● Answer: D) Voltage regulation equipment
●
● 19. What is the purpose of using different types of conductors in power lines?
○ A) To increase resistance
○ B) To decrease impedance
○ C) To reduce electrical losses
○ D) To improve conductivity
● Answer: D) To improve conductivity
●
● 20. How do load-related losses in transformers correlate with the level of
power flow?
○ A) They decrease as power flow increases
○ B) They remain constant regardless of power flow
○ C) They increase proportionally with power flow
○ D) They are independent of power flow levels
● Answer: C) They increase proportionally with power flow
●
● 21. Which component is designed to interrupt the power flow whenever an
unwanted condition occurs on the grid?
○ A) Transformers
○ B) Switches
○ C) Circuit breakers
○ D) Power lines
● Answer: C) Circuit breakers
●
● 22. Why are switches planned to be normally closed or normally open in a
power system?
○ A) To regulate voltage levels
○ B) To control frequency fluctuations
○ C) To vary the connection of lines
○ D) To prevent electrical overloads
● Answer: C) To vary the connection of lines
●
● 23. What is one significant difference between no-load losses and load-
●
related losses in transformers?
○ A) No-load losses occur during peak demand periods
○ B) Load-related losses are independent of transformer impedance
○ C) No-load losses are higher than load-related losses
○ D) Load-related losses directly relate to the level of power flow
● Answer: D) Load-related losses directly relate to the level of power flow
●
● 24. How does protective equipment contribute to maintaining system
reliability in a power grid?
○ A) By increasing energy consumption
○ B) By reducing maintenance costs
○ C) By detecting faults and isolating damaged components
○ D) By improving overall efficiency
● Answer: C) By detecting faults and isolating damaged components
●
● 25. Which factor determines how much current a switch can interrupt or
switch off in a power system?
○ A) Load break capacity
○ B) Voltage regulation capacity
○ C) Impedance rating
○ D) Frequency modulation capability
● Answer: A) Load break capacity
●
● 26. Why do lower levels in a transmission and distribution system have more
equipment than higher levels?
○ A) To increase energy efficiency
○ B) To reduce maintenance costs
○ C) To improve reliability at consumer end
○ D) To distribute electricity effectively across regions
● Answer: D) To distribute electricity effectively across regions
●
● 27. How does the average capacity of equipment change as one moves from
generation towards consumers in a power delivery system?
○ A) It decreases significantly
○ B) It remains constant throughout all levels
○ C) It increases gradually
○ D) It fluctuates based on demand patterns
● Answer: C) It increases gradually
●
● 28. What is one reason for using different types of conductors, such as
aluminum or copper, in power lines?
○ A) To reduce electrical losses
 ○ B) To increase impedance
○ C) To lower overall costs
○ D) To improve safety standards
● Answer: A) To reduce electrical losses
●
● 29. How do conductors contribute to electrical losses when carrying electric
power through them?
○ A) By increasing net power output
○ B) By reducing resistance within them
○ C) By causing voltage drop due to impedance
○ D) By improving conductivity across distances
● Answer: C) By causing voltage drop due to impedance
●
● 30. Why are transformers used at various points within a power system,
including at substations and service transformers?
○ A) To regulate frequency fluctuations
○ B) To maintain stable voltage levels
○ C) To control energy consumption
○ D) To change current levels efficiently
● Answer: B) To maintain stable voltage levels
●
● 31. Which component plays a crucial role in detecting unusual conditions and
interrupting power flow during faults or failures on the grid?
○ A) Transformers
○ B) Circuit breakers
○ C) Power lines
○ D) Switches
● Answer: B) Circuit breakers
●
● 32. How does protective equipment differ from other components in terms of
complexity and maintenance requirements within a power system?
○ A) Protective equipment requires minimal calibration
○ B) Protective equipment has simple assembly processes
○ C) Protective equipment contains sensitive electro-mechanical parts
○ D) Protective equipment has low initial installation costs
● Answer: C) Protective equipment contains sensitive electro-mechanical parts
●
● 33. What is the primary purpose of voltage regulation equipment in a power
system?
○ A) To increase power losses
○ B) To decrease system flexibility
○ C) To maintain voltage within acceptable limits
 ○ D) To reduce equipment costs
● Answer: C) To maintain voltage within acceptable limits
●
● 34. How do tap changing transformers react to variations in voltage drop?
○ A) By increasing power losses
○ B) By varying their turns ratio
○ C) By reducing system capacity
○ D) By decreasing equipment costs
● Answer: B) By varying their turns ratio
●
● 35. What are the two types of costs associated with power system
equipment?
○ A) Capital and operational costs
○ B) Maintenance and repair costs
○ C) Installation and labor costs
○ D) Equipment and material costs
● Answer: A) Capital and operational costs
●
● 36. What determines the transmission line costs in a power system?
○ A) Voltage level and MVA capacity
○ B) Labor and material costs
○ C) Equipment efficiency
○ D) Transformer type
● Answer: A) Voltage level and MVA capacity
●
● 37. Which component is included in substation costs?
○ A) Feeder getaway costs
○ B) Transformer losses
○ C) Site preparation costs
○ D) Regulator maintenance costs
● Answer: C) Site preparation costs
●
● 38. What does feeder system cost include?
○ A) Secondary line installation costs
○ B) Substation construction costs
○ C) Transformer maintenance costs
○ D) Regulator operation costs
● Answer: A) Secondary line installation costs
●
● 39. Why might the cost of upgrading equipment to higher capacity exceed
building a new one?
○ A) Due to lower efficiency of upgraded equipment
 ○ B) Because of additional labor costs for upgrading
○ C) Higher cost of removing old conductors during upgrades
○ D) Lower reliability of upgraded equipment
● Answer: C) Higher cost of removing old conductors during upgrades
●
● 40. What are no load losses associated with in power systems?
○ A) Load-related devices
○ B) Transformers and regulators
○ C) Conductor impedance
○ D) Equipment installation
● Answer: B) Transformers and regulators
●
● 41. In power systems, what is the main factor that guides planning?
○ A) Equipment efficiency
○ B) Load forecasting
○ C) Maintenance schedules
○ D) Labor availability
● Answer: B) Load forecasting
●
● 42. What is the purpose of long-term planning in electrical systems?
○ A) To focus on short-term goals
○ B) To ensure short-term project authorizations
○ C) To evaluate short-term plans
○ D) To make good sense of short-term plans in the long run
● Answer: D) To make good sense of short-term plans in the long run
●
● 43. How far ahead does short-range planning typically span in electrical
systems?
○ A) 1-5 years
○ B) 5-25 years
○ C) 1-7 years
○ D) 10-15 years
● Answer: C) 1-7 years
●
● 44. What is the primary function of long-term planning in electrical systems?
○ A) To forecast short-range budgets
○ B) To evaluate new ideas or changes in procedure
○ C) To ensure good investment decisions
○ D) To focus on short-term goals
● Answer: C) To ensure good investment decisions
●
● 45. Which factor plays a crucial role in guiding system planning according to
●
the text?
○ A) Equipment efficiency
○ B) Load forecasting
○ C) Maintenance schedules
○ D) Labor availability
● Answer: B) Load forecasting
●
● 46. How do tap changing transformers help maintain voltage on the system
within acceptable limits?
○ A) By increasing voltage drop
○ B) By varying their turns ratio
○ C) By reducing power losses
○ D) By decreasing equipment costs
● Answer: B) By varying their turns ratio
●
● 47. What is included in the capital cost of power system equipment according
to the text?
○ A) Land and labor for site preparation
○ B) Equipment maintenance costs
○ C) Power losses due to inefficiency
○ D) Operating labor for daily tasks
● Answer: A) Land and labor for site preparation
●
● 48. How are transmission line costs determined in a power system?
○ A) Based on per mile cost only
○ B) Varies depending on pole type only
○ C) Fixed cost regardless of MVA capacity
○ D) Varies based on voltage level, MVA capacity, pole type, and number of
circuits
● Answer: D) Varies based on voltage level, MVA capacity, pole type, and number
of circuits
●
● 49. What does feeder system cost include in a power system?
○ A) Only transformer maintenance costs
○ B) All primary distribution lines and equipment including transformers,
switchgears, regulators
○ C) Only labor for operation and maintenance tasks
○ D) Only secondary line installation costs
● Answer: B) All primary distribution lines and equipment including transformers,
switchgears, regulators
●
● 50. Why might the cost of upgrading equipment to higher capacity be higher
●
than building a new one according to the text?
○ A) Due to lower reliability of upgraded equipment
○ B) Because it includes removing old conductors during upgrades which
are done hot (with feeders energized)
○ C) Lower efficiency of upgraded equipment compared to new ones
○ D) Higher labor availability for new installations compared to upgrades
● Answer: B) Because it includes removing old conductors during upgrades which
are done hot (with feeders energized)
●
● 51. What is the purpose of load forecasting in power system planning?
○ A) To determine the size of conductors
○ B) To identify feeder routes
○ C) To provide forecast of power delivery requirements
○ D) To analyze voltage profiles
● Answer: C) To provide forecast of power delivery requirements
●
● 52. Which factors are considered in spatial load forecast methods for system
planning?
○ A) Inflation and availability of funds
○ B) Rate of birth and movement of population
○ C) Annual kWh and customer types
○ D) Voltage selection and feeder system
● Answer: C) Annual kWh and customer types
●
● 53. What is the main focus of feeder system planning in power system
analysis?
○ A) Determining economic factors
○ B) Assessing demographic factors
○ C) Evaluating feeder-level cost and performance
○ D) Analyzing technology factors
● Answer: C) Evaluating feeder-level cost and performance
●
● 54. How are computers primarily utilized in power system planning
techniques?
○ A) For load forecasting and analysis
○ B) For demographic analysis
○ C) For economic modeling
○ D) For technology assessment
● Answer: A) For load forecasting and analysis
●
● 55. What is the purpose of a load flow study in power system analysis
packages?
 ○ A) To identify asymmetrical fault currents
○ B) To simulate normal load conditions
○ C) To calculate harmonic analysis
○ D) To determine motor starting characteristics
● Answer: B) To simulate normal load conditions
●
● 56. Which aspect does transient stability focus on in power system analysis
packages?
○ A) Harmonic analysis
○ B) Dynamic response of the power system
○ C) Motor starting characteristics
○ D) Asymmetrical fault currents
● Answer: B) Dynamic response of the power system
●
● 57. In distribution system planning techniques, what method is used for
economical analysis?
○ A) Load flow programs
○ B) Queuing theory
○ C) Linear programming
○ D) Voltage profile analysis
● Answer: C) Linear programming
●
● 58. What is the primary purpose of generation planning in power systems?
○ A) To analyze feeder routes
○ B) To control, route, and transform power from T to D
○ C) To build new generation plants in short- and long-range plans
○ D) To assess demographic factors for power delivery requirements
● Answer: C) To build new generation plants in short- and long-range plans
●
● 59. How does substation planning contribute to power system optimization?
○ A) By analyzing voltage profiles
○ B) By controlling feeder routes
○ C) By selecting equipment size based on requirements
○ D) By routing and transforming power from T to D
● Answer: D) By routing and transforming power from T to D
●
● 60. What is the primary focus of sub-transmission planning in power
systems?
○ A) Delivering power to distribution substations
○ B) Controlling feeder routes at the substation level
○ C) Analyzing voltage profiles for transmission lines
○ D) Selecting equipment size based on requirements
● Answer: A) Delivering power to distribution substations
●
● 61. How does coordination multi-level planning contribute to overall system
optimization?
○ A) By focusing on demographic factors exclusively
○ B) By ensuring coordination among all system levels
○ C) By analyzing economic factors for each level
○ D) By selecting equipment size based on requirements
● Answer: B) By ensuring coordination among all system levels
●
● 62. What tools are commonly used in transmission planning for route
optimization?
○ A) Load flow programs
○ B) Short circuit capacity analysis
○ C) Combined sub-transmission-substation optimization programs
○ D) Route optimization software
● Answer: D) Route optimization software
●
● 63. Which factor is NOT typically considered in load forecasting for power
delivery requirements?
○ A) Annual kWh consumption
○ B) Customer types
○ C) Availability of funds
○ D) Demographic trends
● Answer: C) Availability of funds
●
● 64. How does feeder planning differ from feeder system planning in power
systems?
○ A) Evaluates feeder-level cost and performance
○ B) Produces project definitions for feeder additions
○ C) Focuses on long-range assessment of feeder impact
○ D) Provides budget estimates for substation-level decisions
● Answer: B) Produces project definitions for feeder additions
●
● 65. What is the primary purpose of customer level planning in power
systems?
○ A) Assessing technology factors
○ B) Planning customer-side resources including DSM, DG, DS, RTP, TOU
rates
○ C) Analyzing voltage profiles for customer usage patterns
○ D) Evaluating economic factors for customer-level resources
● Answer: B) Planning customer-side resources including DSM, DG, DS, RTP, TOU
●
rates
●
● 66. How do computers contribute to decision-making in power system
planning techniques?
○ A) Analyzing voltage profiles for decision-making purposes
○ B) Utilizing load forecasting and analysis tools
○ C) Assessing demographic trends for decision-making processes
○ D) Focusing on economic modeling exclusively for decisions
● Answer: B) Utilizing load forecasting and analysis tools
●
● 67. What is Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG) in the power system?
○ A) A traditional approach using centralized power generation
○ B) A new approach involving storage batteries, local generators, and solar
systems
○ C) A method to increase overall generation capacities
○ D) A system designed to maximize initial investment costs
● Answer: B) A new approach involving storage batteries, local generators, and
solar systems
●
● 68. How can Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG) help in power
systems?
○ A) Increase overall generation capacities
○ B) Decrease reliability
○ C) Improve reliability and reduce losses
○ D) Enhance safety measures
● Answer: C) Improve reliability and reduce losses
●
● 69. What is a key goal of system design related to safety?
○ A) Maximizing initial investment
○ B) Providing maximum service continuity
○ C) Minimizing maintenance costs
○ D) Ensuring safety for people and equipment
● Answer: D) Ensuring safety for people and equipment
●
● 70. How can system design achieve maximum service continuity?
○ A) Using single power sources
○ B) Providing alternate customer-owned power sources
○ C) Using long-time rated power circuit breakers
○ D) Avoiding high-quality electrical equipment
● Answer: B) Providing alternate customer-owned power sources
●
● 71. What is a goal of system design related to electrical efficiency?
 ○ A) Maximizing maintenance costs
○ B) Minimizing losses in conductors and transformers
○ C) Ignoring power quality considerations
○ D) Increasing operating costs
● Answer: B) Minimizing losses in conductors and transformers
●
● 72. What is a characteristic of a simple radial system network configuration?
○ A) High system investment due to duplication of equipment
○ B) Low reliability even with reliable plant operation
○ C) Operation simplicity and ease of expansion
○ D) No need for routine maintenance shutdowns
● Answer: C) Operation simplicity and ease of expansion
●
● 73. In a simple radial system network configuration, what limitation is faced
regarding services?
○ A) Loss of cable or transformer will not affect services
○ B) Equipment can be maintained without shutdowns
○ C) Primary supply failure will not cut off services
○ D) Loss of cable, primary supply, or transformer will cut off services
● Answer: D) Loss of cable, primary supply, or transformer will cut off services
●
● 74. What is the significance of increasing distribution voltage levels in the
system?
○ A) Reducing the need for distribution substations
○ B) Increasing copper losses due to higher currents
○ C) Reducing cable size and copper losses by reducing system current
○ D) Decreasing the reliability of the distribution network
● Answer: C) Reducing cable size and copper losses by reducing system current
●
● 75. How does a simple radial system differ from other network configurations
in terms of reliability?
○ A) It offers higher reliability due to multiple power sources
○ B) It has lower reliability as it lacks redundancy in equipment
○ C) It requires complex operations leading to increased reliability
○ D) It provides continuous service without any limitations
● Answer: B) It has lower reliability as it lacks redundancy in equipment
●
● 76. What is a key consideration for designing an effective distribution
system?
○ A) Maximizing initial investment costs for electrical equipment
○ B) Providing multiple connection paths to loads served for service
continuity
 ○ C) Using complex installation methods for better efficiency
○ D) Ignoring future expansion possibilities
● Answer: B) Providing multiple connection paths to loads served for service
continuity
●
● 77. Which component is NOT typically part of Dispersed Storage and
Generation (DSG)?
○ A) Storage batteries
○ B) Local generators
○ C) Centralized power plants
○ D) Solar systems
● Answer: C) Centralized power plants
●
● 78. Why is it important to minimize losses in conductors and transformers in
electrical systems?
○ A) To increase maintenance costs
○ B) To improve electrical efficiency
○ C) To reduce initial investment
○ D) To enhance safety measures
● Answer: B) To improve electrical efficiency
●
● 79. What is a key advantage of a simple radial system network configuration?
○ A) High reliability even with unreliable plant operation
○ B) Low investment due to duplication of equipment
○ C) Ease of operation and expansion
○ D) No need for routine maintenance shutdowns
● Answer: C) Ease of operation and expansion
●
● 80. How does Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG ) contribute to
reducing overall generation capacities?
○ A) By increasing reliance on centralized power plants
○ B) By improving reliability and reducing losses
○ C) By decreasing the use of storage batteries
○ D) By ignoring local generators
● Answer: B) By improving reliability and reducing losses
●
● 81. What is a primary goal when designing an electrical distribution system?
○ A) Maximizing copper losses
○ B) Minimizing initial investment costs
○ C) Ensuring safety for people and equipment
○ D) Ignoring future expansion possibilities
● Answer: C) Ensuring safety for people and equipment
●
● 82. Why is it essential to consider future expansion possibilities in system
design?
○ A) To limit flexibility and expandability
○ B) To increase initial investment costs
○ C) To accommodate load changes effectively
○ D) To decrease service continuity
● Answer: C) To accommodate load changes effectively
●
● 83. Which factor contributes to reducing copper losses in an electrical
distribution system?
○ A) Increasing system current by lowering voltage levels
○ B) Using high-quality electrical equipment
○ C) Minimizing conductor sizes by increasing current flow
○ D) Ignoring preventative maintenance practices
● Answer: B) Using high-quality electrical equipment