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Azure Administrators - Interview

Questions

Note: These answers are just sample answers to give an idea (where we need to
focus while answering) but try to use your own version of answers during a live
interview.

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Beginners Questions (30 Questions):

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1. How do you create a new user in Microsoft Azure?
2. What is the purpose of managing user and group properties in Azure?

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3. How can you assign roles to users in Azure?
4. Explain the concept of self-service password reset (SSPR) in Azure.

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5. What are Azure Policy and its main functions?
6. How do you configure resource locks in Azure?
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7. What is the role of tags in managing Azure resources?
8. How can you manage costs in Azure using Azure Advisor recommendations?
9. What is the purpose of Azure Storage firewalls and virtual networks?
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10. How do you configure access keys for Azure Storage accounts?
11. Explain the difference between Azure Files and Azure Blob Storage.
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12. How can you automate resource deployment in Azure using ARM templates?
13. What is a virtual machine scale set and its benefits?
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14. How do you provision and manage containers in Azure?

15. What is the role of Azure Container Registry?
16. How do you create and configure virtual networks in Azure?
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17. What are network security groups (NSGs) and their significance in Azure?
18. How can you monitor resources in Azure using Azure Monitor?
19. Explain the process of setting up alert rules in Azure Monitor.
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20. What is a Recovery Services vault used for in Azure?

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21. How do you configure a backup policy in Azure Backup?

22. What is Azure Site Recovery and when would you use it?
23. How do you configure reports and alerts for backups in Azure?
24. What is Azure Disk Encryption used for?
25. How do you manage virtual machine sizes in Azure?
26. Explain the purpose of Azure Bastion.
27. How do you configure public IP addresses in Azure?
28. What is the role of Azure DNS in virtual networking?
29. How do you troubleshoot network connectivity issues in Azure?
30. Explain the process of configuring log settings in Azure Monitor.
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Intermediate Questions (30 Questions):

31. How do you manage licenses for users in Microsoft Azure?

32. Explain the concept of applying and managing tags on Azure resources.
33. How do you interpret access assignments in Azure?
34. What are the benefits of using shared access signatures (SAS) tokens in Azure
Storage?
35. How can you configure object replication in Azure Storage accounts?

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36. Explain the process of modifying an Azure Resource Manager template.
37. How do you move a virtual machine to another resource group in Azure?
38. What is the difference between Azure Container Instances and Azure Container Apps?

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39. How do you configure scaling for an App Service plan in Azure?
40. Explain the process of configuring network security groups (NSGs) in Azure.

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41. How do you evaluate effective security rules in NSGs?
42. What are the main components of an Azure Backup vault?

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43. How do you perform backup and restore operations using Azure Backup?
44. Explain the process of configuring an internal load balancer in Azure.
45. How do you configure service endpoints for Azure PaaS in virtual networks?
yT
46. What is the purpose of Connection Monitor in Azure Network Watcher?
47. How do you configure a failover to a secondary region using Azure Site Recovery?
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48. What are the benefits of using Azure Blob Storage tiers?
49. How do you configure snapshots for Azure Files?
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50. Explain the process of deploying resources using an Azure Resource Manager template.
51. How do you configure Azure Storage redundancy for high availability?
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52. What is the significance of configuring soft delete for Azure Files?
53. How do you interpret metrics in Azure Monitor?
54. Explain the role of action groups in Azure Monitor.
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55. How do you configure log settings for Azure Monitor Insights?
56. What is the purpose of configuring Transport Layer Security (TLS) for an App Service?
57. How do you configure name resolution in Azure virtual networks?
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58. What are the main benefits of using Azure Advisor recommendations for cost
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management?
59. How do you configure alerts for Azure resources?
60. Explain the process of deploying virtual machines to availability zones in Azure.

Expert Questions with scenarios (40 Questions):

61. Scenario: You need to onboard a new employee to your Azure environment. Describe
the steps you would take to create their user account, assign appropriate roles, and
manage their access to resources.
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62. Scenario: Your company needs to ensure compliance with specific regulatory
requirements for data storage in Azure. How would you configure Azure Storage
accounts to meet these compliance standards?
63. Scenario: You are tasked with optimizing the performance of Azure virtual machines in
your environment. Discuss strategies you would implement to achieve this objective.
64. Scenario: A critical application deployed in Azure is experiencing intermittent connectivity
issues. Describe your approach to troubleshooting and resolving this issue.
65. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a disaster recovery plan for its Azure
resources. Outline the steps you would take to configure Azure Site Recovery for this
purpose.
66. Scenario: You need to deploy a web application in Azure and ensure high availability and

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scalability. Discuss the architecture and services you would utilize to achieve these
requirements.

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67. Scenario: Your Azure environment is experiencing unexpected cost overruns. Describe
how you would identify the root causes of these overruns and implement cost
optimization measures.

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68. Scenario: Your company is planning to expand its operations to new geographic regions,
requiring the deployment of Azure resources in multiple regions. Discuss the challenges

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and considerations involved in this expansion.
69. Scenario: A new security policy mandates stricter access controls for Azure resources.
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Describe how you would review and update existing access assignments to align with
these requirements.
70. Scenario: You are tasked with configuring Azure networking to securely connect
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on-premises infrastructure with Azure resources. Discuss the options and best practices
for implementing this connectivity.
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71. Scenario: Your organization wants to leverage containers for application deployment in
Azure. Discuss the benefits and limitations of Azure Container Instances versus Azure
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Kubernetes Service for this purpose.

72. Scenario: A critical data backup operation failed in Azure Backup. Describe your
approach to troubleshooting the failure and ensuring the integrity of backup data.
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73. Scenario: Your company is planning to migrate a large number of virtual machines from
on-premises data centers to Azure. Outline the steps involved in planning and executing
this migration.
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74. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a security breach, and unauthorized
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access was detected. Describe the incident response process you would follow to
contain and mitigate the breach.
75. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a multi-tier application architecture in
Azure. Discuss the design considerations and services you would utilize for each tier of
the application.
76. Scenario: A new Azure subscription needs to be provisioned for a specific project.
Describe the steps you would take to configure governance policies and access controls
for the subscription.
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77. Scenario: Your company wants to implement automated backup and recovery processes
for Azure virtual machines. Discuss the options and best practices for achieving this
objective.
78. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a significant increase in network traffic,
leading to performance degradation. Describe how you would analyze and optimize
network resources to address this issue.
79. Scenario: Your organization is planning to deploy a highly available web application in
Azure. Discuss the architectural considerations and services you would utilize to achieve
high availability.
80. Scenario: A critical production workload running on Azure virtual machines experienced
a performance issue. Describe your approach to diagnosing and resolving the problem in

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real-time.
81. Scenario: Your company wants to implement role-based access control (RBAC) for

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Azure resources. Describe the process of designing and implementing RBAC roles and
permissions.
82. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a service outage impacting multiple

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resources. Describe the steps you would take to mitigate the impact and restore normal
operations.

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83. Scenario: Your organization is considering migrating data from an on-premises SQL
Server database to Azure SQL Database. Discuss the factors you would consider and
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the steps involved in this migration.
84. Scenario: A critical application deployed in Azure experienced data loss due to
accidental deletion of resources. Describe your approach to recovering the lost data and
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preventing similar incidents in the future.

85. Scenario: Your company wants to implement continuous integration and continuous
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deployment (CI/CD) pipelines for Azure resources. Discuss the tools and best practices
you would recommend for this purpose.
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86. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a security incident involving

unauthorized access to sensitive data. Describe the steps you would take to investigate
the incident and implement remediation measures.
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87. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement network segmentation to enhance

security in Azure. Discuss the approaches and technologies you would utilize to achieve
this objective.
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88. Scenario: A critical business application deployed in Azure requires high availability and
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disaster recovery capabilities. Discuss the architectural design and Azure services you
would recommend to meet these requirements.
89. Scenario: Your company wants to implement data encryption for sensitive data stored in
Azure Storage. Describe the encryption options available and the steps involved in
configuring data encryption.
90. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a performance degradation in a virtual
machine. Describe your approach to diagnosing the root cause of the performance issue
and optimizing VM performance.
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91. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a centralized logging and monitoring
solution for Azure resources. Discuss the options and best practices for configuring
centralized logging and monitoring.
92. Scenario: Your company wants to implement geographically distributed redundancy for
Azure resources to ensure business continuity. Discuss the architectural considerations
and services you would utilize for this purpose.
93. Scenario: A critical Azure virtual machine became unresponsive, affecting production
workloads. Describe your approach to troubleshooting and restoring the VM to normal
operation.
94. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement automated resource deployment and
configuration management for Azure resources. Discuss the tools and best practices for

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implementing infrastructure as code (IaC) in Azure.
95. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a data breach, resulting in unauthorized

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access to confidential information. Describe the incident response process you would
follow to contain the breach and mitigate further risks.
96. Scenario: Your company wants to implement a hybrid cloud architecture with Azure and

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on-premises infrastructure. Discuss the considerations and technologies you would
utilize to establish connectivity and manage hybrid resources.

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97. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a storage outage, resulting in data loss
for critical applications. Describe your approach to recovering the lost data and
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preventing similar incidents in the future.
98. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement role-based access control (RBAC) for
Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) clusters. Describe the process of designing and
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implementing RBAC roles and permissions for AKS.

99. Scenario: A critical web application deployed in Azure is experiencing performance
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issues during peak usage hours. Describe your approach to optimizing the application's
performance and scalability.
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100. Scenario: Your company wants to implement a disaster recovery solution for Azure
SQL databases. Discuss the options and best practices for configuring geo-replication
and failover for Azure SQL databases.
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Answers (1-30)
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Q1. How do you create a new user in Microsoft Azure?
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A: You can create new users in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) within the Azure portal. Go to
Azure AD, select "Users," and then "New user."
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Q2. What is the purpose of managing user and group properties in Azure?
ech

A: Managing user and group properties helps control access to Azure resources, ensuring that
only authorized individuals or groups can use them appropriately.
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Q3. How can you assign roles to users in Azure?

A: Azure uses role-based access control (RBAC). Go to the resource you want to manage
access to, then to the "Access control (IAM)" section, and finally to "Add role assignment."
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T3

Q4. Explain the concept of self-service password reset (SSPR) in Azure.

A: SSPR lets users reset their Azure AD passwords without IT intervention, reducing helpdesk
calls and boosting productivity.

Q5. What are Azure Policy and its main functions?

A: Azure Policy enforces rules and standards across your Azure resources. It can audit for
compliance, limit what can be deployed, and even automatically take corrective actions.

Q6. How do you configure resource locks in Azure?

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A: Resource locks can be applied at various levels (subscription, resource group, or individual
resource) within the Azure portal or using tools like PowerShell. They prevent accidental
deletion or modification.

Q7. What is the role of tags in managing Azure resources?

A: Tags are like labels or metadata you add to resources for organization and tracking. They
help with grouping, reporting, and even cost management.

Q8. How can you manage costs in Azure using Azure Advisor recommendations?
A: Azure Advisor gives cost-saving tips. It might suggest right-sizing VMs, deleting unused
resources, or leveraging reserved instances.

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Q9. What is the purpose of Azure Storage firewalls and virtual networks?

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A: Storage firewalls add network-level security by allowing access only from specific IP
addresses or ranges. Virtual networks tie storage to secure private networks.

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Q10. How do you configure access keys for Azure Storage accounts?
A: You can get storage account access keys in the Azure portal. Go to your Storage account,

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then to the "Access keys" section.
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Q11. Explain the difference between Azure Files and Azure Blob Storage.
A: Azure Files are like traditional file shares accessible via SMB protocol, ideal for migrating
on-premises file servers. Azure Blob Storage is for massive amounts of unstructured data like
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images, videos, and backups.

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Q12. How can you automate resource deployment in Azure using ARM templates?
A: ARM (Azure Resource Manager) templates are JSON files that define your infrastructure.
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You can deploy them via the portal, PowerShell, or the Azure CLI.

Q13. What is a virtual machine scale set and its benefits?

-T

A: A VM scale set lets you deploy and manage identical VMs as a group. It's great for
automatic scaling to handle load changes.
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Q14. How do you provision and manage containers in Azure?

T3

A: Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) is the popular way. It orchestrates container deployment,
scaling, and management. You can also use Azure Container Instances (ACI) for simpler
needs.

Q15. What is the role of Azure Container Registry?

A: Azure Container Registry (ACR) is a private registry for storing and managing your container
images, making them accessible for deployment within Azure.

Q16. How do you create and configure virtual networks in Azure?

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A: Within the Azure portal, go to "Virtual Networks" and create a new one. You'll define address
spaces, subnets, and tie it to resource groups.

Q17. What are network security groups (NSGs) and their significance in Azure?
A: NSGs act like firewalls at the subnet or NIC (network interface card) level. They define rules
for what traffic is allowed/denied, providing security within your virtual network.

Q18. How can you monitor resources in Azure using Azure Monitor?
A: Azure Monitor collects logs and metrics from resources. You can view dashboards, create
alerts, and gain insights into performance and health.

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Q19. Explain the process of setting up alert rules in Azure Monitor.
A: In Azure Monitor, you can create alert rules based on metric thresholds, log events, or activity

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log data. These alerts can send notifications or trigger automated actions.

Q20. What is a Recovery Services vault used for in Azure?

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A: A Recovery Services vault securely stores your backup data and is central to configuring the
various Azure backup services.

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Q21. How do you configure a backup policy in Azure Backup?
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A: Within the Recovery Services vault, you define backup policies specifying what to back up,
how often, and how long to retain backups.
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Q22. What is Azure Site Recovery and when would you use it?
A: Azure Site Recovery helps with disaster recovery. It replicates VMs or physical servers from
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one site to another, offering failover in case of outages.

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Q23. How do you configure reports and alerts for backups in Azure?
A: Azure Backup provides built-in reports and you can further customize and schedule them.
Alerting for backup successes/failures is also configurable.
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Q24. What is Azure Disk Encryption used for?

A: Azure Disk Encryption protects data stored on Azure Virtual Machine disks by encrypting
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them at rest.
T3

Q25. How do you manage virtual machine sizes in Azure?

A: You can change a VM size in the Azure portal. Select your VM, go to the "Size" section, and
choose a new size that suits your workload.

Q26. Explain the purpose of Azure Bastion.

A: Azure Bastion offers secure RDP/SSH access to VMs directly within the Azure portal. You
don't need to expose public IP addresses.

Q27. How do you configure public IP addresses in Azure?

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A: Public IP addresses can be created as standalone resources in the portal. You then
associate them with resources like VMs or load balancers.

Q28. What is the role of Azure DNS in virtual networking?

A: Azure DNS provides name resolution (like translating website names to IP addresses) both
for Azure services and custom domains you connect to your virtual networks.

Q29. How do you troubleshoot network connectivity issues in Azure?

A: Tools like Network Watcher in the Azure portal help. It offers packet capture, connection
tests, and NSG flow logs for diagnosis.

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Q30. Explain the process of configuring log settings in Azure Monitor.
A: Logs for each Azure resource have "Diagnostic settings" where you choose what logs to

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send to Azure Monitor, Log Analytics workspaces, storage accounts, or stream to Event Hubs.

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Answers (31-60)

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Q.31 How do you manage licenses for users in Microsoft Azure?
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A. Licenses are managed in Azure Active Directory (Azure AD). For individual users, I'd go
directly to their profiles in Azure AD to assign/modify licenses. Larger-scale management
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typically involves creating groups in Azure AD, assigning licenses to those groups, and then
managing group memberships.
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Q.32 Explain the concept of applying and managing tags on Azure resources.
ech

A. Tags are essentially labels – key-value pairs I can attach to Azure resources. This helps
massively with organization, searching, filtering resources, and even understanding cost
breakdowns with granular billing reports.
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Q.33 How do you interpret access assignments in Azure?

A. Access assignments are the heart of Azure Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). An
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assignment means a security principal (user, group, or service principal) is granted a specific
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role (with a set of permissions) and a scope (which could be a subscription, resource group, or
an individual resource).

Q.34 What are the benefits of using shared access signatures (SAS) tokens in Azure Storage?
A. SAS tokens offer fine-grained, temporary access to Azure Storage without handing out my
precious storage account keys. Think of it like issuing a "visitor pass" with specific permissions
(read, write, etc.) and an expiration date for security.

Q.35 How can you configure object replication in Azure Storage accounts?
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A. Azure offers several replication options (LRS, ZRS, GRS, RA-GRS) depending on my data
redundancy needs. I'd configure these settings when creating a storage account or modify
them afterward for existing accounts.

Q.36 Explain the process of modifying an Azure Resource Manager template.

A. ARM templates (JSON files) are my blueprints for deployments. I'd use a code editor with
JSON support or use the built-in template editor in the Azure portal. It's important to keep track
of changes with tools like source control (e.g., Git).

Q.37 How do you move a virtual machine to another resource group in Azure?
A. This can be done directly in the Azure portal – I'd find the VM and select "Move", with the

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option to move to a different resource group. Command-line tools like the Azure CLI or
PowerShell are other powerful options.

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Q.38 What is the difference between Azure Container Instances and Azure Container Apps?
A. Azure Container Instances offer the fastest way to run a single container without

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orchestration. Azure Container Apps are better for microservices scenarios, as they help
manage multiple containers, provide features like scaling and traffic distribution.

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Q.39 How do you configure scaling for an App Service plan in Azure?
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A. To handle changes in load, I have two options. Scale up is changing the plan to one with
more resources (CPU, memory). Scale out means increasing the number of VM instances
running my App Service. I can do this manually or automate with rules based on performance
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metrics.
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Q.40 Explain the process of configuring network security groups (NSGs) in Azure.
A. Think of NSGs as firewalls at a subnet or network interface level. I create inbound and
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outbound rules to allow or deny traffic based on source/destination IP addresses, ports, and
protocols.
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Q.41 How do you evaluate effective security rules in NSGs?

A. Azure has features to make things easier. The "Effective security rules" view for a network
interface (within the Azure portal) merges associated NSG rules with inherited rules, simplifying
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the task of understanding what traffic is ultimately allowed or blocked.

T3

Q.42 What are the main components of an Azure Backup vault?

A. A Recovery Services vault acts as my control center. It stores backup policies (how often to
back up, for how long to keep the copies), the actual backup data, and lets me trigger those
backups and restores when needed.

Q.43 How do you perform backup and restore operations using Azure Backup?
A. To set up backups, I'd find the Backup center in the Azure portal, select what types of
resources I want to protect (VM's, databases, etc.), link them to my vault, and apply a backup
policy. Restores are also initiated through the Backup center.
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Q.44 Explain the process of configuring an internal load balancer in Azure.

A. An internal load balancer requires a frontend IP address (private IP within my virtual
network), backend pool (VMs providing the service), load balancing rules to map incoming ports
to backend ports, and health probes to ensure only healthy VMs receive traffic.

Q.45 How do you configure service endpoints for Azure PaaS in virtual networks?
A. Service endpoints let me securely connect virtual networks to supported Azure PaaS
services (like Azure Storage) over Microsoft's backbone network, rather than the public internet.
They’re enabled on the subnet level in the virtual network configuration.

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Q.46 What is the purpose of Connection Monitor in Azure Network Watcher?
A. Connection Monitor gives me network diagnostics superpowers. It tests connectivity

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between a VM and another endpoint (another VM, URL, etc.). Over time, it collects data about
connectivity and network latency, giving valuable insights for troubleshooting.

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Q.47 How do you configure a failover to a secondary region using Azure Site Recovery?
A. Azure Site Recovery (ASR) helps with my disaster recovery plan. I'd first replicate Azure VMs

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from my primary region to a secondary one. ASR lets me create recovery plans that orchestrate
the failover process: shutting down primary VMs, spinning up the replicas, etc.
yT
Q.48 What are the benefits of using Azure Blob Storage tiers?
A. Tiers cater to different data access patterns. Hot for frequently needed data, Cool for stuff I'll
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need within 30 days, and Archive for that long-term storage at the lowest cost. I can save by
choosing the right tier and using lifecycle management to move data automatically.
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Q.49 How do you configure snapshots for Azure Files?

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A. Azure Files (SMB file shares) support point-in-time snapshots. These are initiated manually
from the Azure Portal, or I can use PowerShell or the Azure CLI for automating it. Snaphots
give me the ability to restore entire shares or individual files from previous versions.
-T

Q.50 Explain the process of deploying resources using an Azure Resource Manager template.
A. It's all about infrastructure as code with ARM templates! They're JSON files defining what
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resources to provision. For deployment, I can use the Azure portal, Azure CLI, PowerShell, or
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even integrate templates into my CI/CD pipelines.

Q.51 How do you configure Azure Storage redundancy for high availability?
A. Azure offers redundancy options like LRS (replicates data within a data center), ZRS (across
zones in a region), GRS (geo-replication to a paired region), and RA-GRS (adds read-access
capability to the geo-replicated data). These are chosen when creating the storage account.

Q.52 What is the significance of configuring soft delete for Azure Files?
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A. Soft delete is a safety net! If files or shares are accidentally deleted, I can recover them
from a special hidden container for a configurable retention period. Gives great peace of mind
against those inevitable "oops" moments.

Q.53 How do you interpret metrics in Azure Monitor?

A. Azure Monitor collects a ton of data and presents them visually. Through graphs and charts,
I can track things like CPU usage, storage I/O, network traffic, etc. These visualize health,
performance trends, and help pinpoint the root cause of problems.

Q.54 Explain the role of action groups in Azure Monitor.

A. Action groups allow me to take, well, action when an alert is triggered. These groups define

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who gets notified (email, SMS), and can even call upon Azure Automation runbooks or logic
apps to automate a response!

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Q.55 How do you configure log settings for Azure Monitor Insights?
A. Azure Monitor Insights is where much of the log data from my Azure resources lives. The

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configuration includes defining what kinds of logs I want to collect (diagnostic logs, activity logs,
etc.) and then choosing whether to send them to a Storage Account or Log Analytics
workspace.
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yT
Q.56 What is the purpose of configuring Transport Layer Security (TLS) for an App Service?
A. TLS enables me to encrypt traffic to my App Service over HTTPS. This is vital for protecting
sensitive data (web forms, logins, etc.) that gets transmitted between users and my web app.
log

Q.57 How do you configure name resolution in Azure virtual networks?

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A. I have options! I can use Azure's built-in DNS (handy for simple setups), bring my own DNS
servers, or link my Virtual Network with an Azure Private DNS zone. Each approach has its
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advantages depending on my needs.

Q.58 What are the main benefits of using Azure Advisor recommendations for cost
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management?
A. Advisor is like my financial coach for Azure. It tells me about underutilized resources,
suggests more efficient options, and shows where I potentially could save money. An invaluable
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tool for keeping that spending in check!

T3

Q.59 How do you configure alerts for Azure resources?

A. Through Azure Monitor, I create alert rules. These define conditions (like CPU hitting a
certain threshold), and tie in with action groups that determine what happens when those
conditions are met.

Q.60 Explain the process of deploying virtual machines to availability zones in Azure.
A. Availability zones, offering independent power/cooling/networking within a region, help guard
against localized failures. When deploying new VMs, I'd select regions that support zones and
 13

specify in which zone (1, 2, or 3) each VM instance should live.

Answers (61-100)

Q61. Scenario: You need to onboard a new employee to your Azure environment. Describe the
steps you would take to create their user account, assign appropriate roles, and manage their
access to resources.

Answer:

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● In Azure Active Directory (AAD), create a new user account with basic details.
● Assign built-in or custom role-based access control (RBAC) roles for necessary resource
access.

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● Utilize Azure AD groups to grant rights to multiple users efficiently.
● Consider enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) for enhanced security.

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● Document and regularly review the user's permissions.

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Q62. Scenario: Your company needs to ensure compliance with specific regulatory
requirements for data storage in Azure. How would you configure Azure Storage accounts to
meet these compliance standards?
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Answer:
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● Identify the data's classification and the specific regulatory requirements.

● Choose suitable storage tiers (Hot, Cool, Archive) based on access frequency and
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compliance needs.
● Configure appropriate encryption options (at rest and in transit) based on requirements.
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● Enforce access controls through RBAC and network security tools.

● Implement auditing and logging for compliance tracking and reporting.
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Q63. Scenario: You are tasked with optimizing the performance of Azure virtual machines in
your environment. Discuss strategies you would implement to achieve this objective.
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Answer:
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● Scale VM size (vCPU, RAM) up or down to match workload needs.

● Use premium managed disks for better IOPS and lower latency.
● Leverage Azure VM Scale Sets for auto-scaling across multiple VM instances.
● Employ load balancing to distribute traffic for optimized resource utilization.
● Identify and fix performance bottlenecks using Azure Monitor and diagnostics tools.

Q64. Scenario: A critical application deployed in Azure is experiencing intermittent connectivity

issues. Describe your approach to troubleshooting and resolving this issue.

Answer:
● Check Azure Service Health for any known platform-level issues.
 14

● Verify network security groups (NSGs) are allowing necessary traffic flows.
● Use Azure Network Watcher to inspect connectivity paths and pinpoint issues.
● Examine application logs, resource diagnostics, and performance metrics.
● Implement network redundancy to handle potential component failures.

Q65. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a disaster recovery plan for its Azure
resources. Outline the steps you would take to configure Azure Site Recovery for this purpose.

Answer:
● Assess business-critical resources needing protection and map recovery objectives.

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● Create an Azure Recovery Services vault and set up replication policies.
● Select a target Azure region for failover and choose compatible storage.

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● Configure VM or app-specific failover strategies based on requirements.
● Practice and document failover tests for regular validation of the DR plan.

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Q66. Scenario: You need to deploy a web application in Azure and ensure high availability and

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scalability. Discuss the architecture and services you would utilize to achieve these
requirements.
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Answer:
● Use Azure App Service to host the web application for built-in scaling and management.
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● For more control, deploy web apps on Azure VMs behind an Azure Load Balancer for
traffic distribution.
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● Integrate Azure Traffic Manager for DNS-based load balancing across regions for high
availability.
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● Provision an Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN) to boost performance by caching

content globally.
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Q67. Scenario: Your Azure environment is experiencing unexpected cost overruns. Describe
how you would identify the root causes of these overruns and implement cost optimization
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measures.
T3

Answer:
● Use Azure Cost Management + Billing for granular expense analysis and identify
high-cost resources.
● Right-size VMs to match actual workloads, potentially downscaling them when
underutilized.
● Leverage reserved instances for predictable workloads to secure discounts.
● Employ Azure Advisor for cost-saving recommendations and identify unused resources.
● Set up cost alerts and budgets to receive proactive notifications about spending.
 15

Q68. Scenario: Your company is planning to expand its operations to new geographic regions,
requiring the deployment of Azure resources in multiple regions. Discuss the challenges and
considerations involved in this expansion.

Answer:
● Cost optimization: Costs may vary by region, requiring careful resource planning.
● Latency and Performance: Choose regions closest to users to minimize latency.
● Compliance: Meet any region-specific regulations for data sovereignty.
● Availability: Assess the availability of Azure services across all required regions.
● Global Traffic Management: Use tools like Azure Traffic Manager to route traffic

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intelligently across regions.

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Q69. Scenario: A new security policy mandates stricter access controls for Azure resources.
Describe how you would review and update existing access assignments to align with these

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requirements.

Answer:
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● Audit existing Azure RBAC assignments using the portal or PowerShell.
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● Identify overly permissive roles and update permissions as needed.
● Prioritize the principle of least privilege – giving users only the permissions they need.
● Use PIM (Privileged Identity Management) for time-boxed and just-in-time access when
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possible.
● Regularly review access rights to ensure ongoing compliance.
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Q70. Scenario: You are tasked with configuring Azure networking to securely connect
on-premises infrastructure with Azure resources. Discuss the options and best practices for
implementing this connectivity.
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Answer:
● VPN Gateway (Site-to-Site): Creates an encrypted tunnel over the internet for secure
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connections.
T3

● Azure ExpressRoute: Offers dedicated, private connectivity for mission-critical traffic.

● Azure Virtual WAN: Simplifies large-scale, global branch-to-Azure connectivity.
● Network Security Groups (NSGs): Act as firewalls to control traffic to/from Azure
resources.
● Azure Bastion: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)/ Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) access to
VMs without public IP exposure.
 16

Q71. Scenario: Your organization wants to leverage containers for application deployment in
Azure. Discuss the benefits and limitations of Azure Container Instances versus Azure
Kubernetes Service for this purpose.

Answer:
● Azure Container Instances (ACI): Best for fast, simple container deployment without
managing orchestration. Suitable for burst workloads or simple scenarios.
● Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS): Robust container orchestration for production-grade,
complex, microservices-based applications. Offers scaling, self-healing, and advanced
networking.
● Consider: ACI for ease of use, AKS for demanding production workloads and granular

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control.

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Q72. Scenario: A critical data backup operation failed in Azure Backup. Describe your approach
to troubleshooting the failure and ensuring the integrity of backup data.

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Answer:

oT
● Check the Azure Backup job status and associated error logs for precise reasons.
● Verify network connectivity and any firewall rules potentially blocking backups.
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● Examine Azure Service Health for any known platform-side disruptions.
● Test manual restore attempts from the recovery point to validate backup data health.
● Review configuration of the backup vault and backup policy for potential mismatches.
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Q73. Scenario: Your company is planning to migrate a large number of virtual machines from
on-premises data centers to Azure. Outline the steps involved in planning and executing this
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migration.

Answer:
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● Assess: Analyze dependencies between VMs, apps, and data to strategize migration
groups.
● Tool Selection: Use tools like Azure Migrate to assess your workloads and get
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right-sizing recommendations.
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● Pilot Migration: Test the migration of a small group of VMs to fine-tune the process.
● Execute Migration: Employ a phased approach or tools for large-scale live migration if
necessary.
● Validate: Once in Azure, thoroughly test application functionality and data consistency.

Q74. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a security breach, and unauthorized
access was detected. Describe the incident response process you would follow to contain and
mitigate the breach.
 17

Answer:
● Isolate: Identify affected systems, and contain the breach by using tools like NSGs.
● Gather Evidence: Preserve logs and snapshots for forensics analysis.
● Investigate: Analyze to determine the attack vector, breach scope, and vulnerabilities
exploited.
● Remediate: Address vulnerabilities, reset passwords, implement stricter controls.
● Notify: Inform legal/compliance teams and notify users based on breach severity.

Q75. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a multi-tier application architecture in

Azure. Discuss the design considerations and services you would utilize for each tier of the

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application.

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Answer:
● Web Tier: App Service, VMs with Load Balancers, CDN for caching web frontend.
● Application Tier: VMs, VM Scale Sets, AKS, API Management for business logic.

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● Data Tier: Azure SQL Database, Azure Cosmos DB, or storage tiers based on data type.
● Security: Employ NSGs, Azure Firewall, Web Application Firewall across all tiers.

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● Monitoring: Azure Monitor for centralized logs and alerting for each tier.
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Q76. Scenario: A new Azure subscription needs to be provisioned for a specific project.
Describe the steps you would take to configure governance policies and access controls for the
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subscription.
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Answer:
● Utilize Azure Policy to enforce rules, restrictions, and conventions to meet standards.
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● Implement RBAC to limit who can create, view, or manage resources in the subscription.
● Use Azure Blueprints to create reproducible patterns for resource governance.
● Set up tagging for cost accounting and structured resource organization.
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● Leverage Azure Lighthouse for managing resources across multiple subscriptions.

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Q77. Scenario: Your company wants to implement automated backup and recovery processes
T3

for Azure virtual machines. Discuss the options and best practices for achieving this objective.

Answer:
● Use the built-in Azure Backup service to schedule, manage, and monitor VM backups.
● Configure retention policies to balance retention periods with storage costs.
● Consider site-to-site replication with Azure Site Recovery for added availability.
● Automate VM backup using scripts or Azure Automation for streamlined workflows.
● Thoroughly test restore scenarios to ensure backup validity and smooth recovery.
 18

Q78. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a significant increase in network traffic,
leading to performance degradation. Describe how you would analyze and optimize network
resources to address this issue.

Answer:
● Use Azure Network Watcher traffic analytics to pinpoint hotspots and traffic
source/destination.
● Examine NSG rules, as they might be overly restrictive and choking traffic.
● Identify underprovisioned VM network interface cards (NICs) that need re-sizing.
● Explore the potential of load balancers to distribute traffic more evenly.
● Optimize and potentially split out overly chatty workloads into separate Virtual Networks.

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Q79. Scenario: Your organization is planning to deploy a highly available web application in
Azure. Discuss the architectural considerations and services you would utilize to achieve high
availability.

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Answer:

oT
● Use multiple VM instances or VM Scale Sets behind a load balancer (Azure Application
Gateway) for redundancy.
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● Deploy across multiple availability zones or regions for added resilience.
● Implement automated health checks and failovers so recovery is seamless.
● Utilize geo-replication of backend data sources for additional protection.
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Q80. Scenario: A critical production workload running on Azure virtual machines experienced a
performance issue. Describe your approach to diagnosing and resolving the problem in
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real-time.

Answer:
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● Use Azure Monitor (metrics and logs) to pinpoint bottlenecks (CPU, memory, disk I/O,
etc.).
● Check for any recent deployments or resource changes that might have impacted
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performance.
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● Examine the VM size to see if it's appropriately matched to the workload's demands.
● Troubleshoot potential network issues (check routes, NSGs, load balancer config).
● Use Azure Application Insights (if enabled) for code-level performance insights.

Q81. Scenario: Your company wants to implement role-based access control (RBAC) for Azure
resources. Describe the process of designing and implementing RBAC roles and permissions.

Answer:
● Identify the tasks and activities users need to perform within Azure.
 19

● Use built-in roles when possible (Reader, Contributor, Owner, etc.), as they're
pre-defined.
● Create custom roles if built-in options are too granular or too broad.
● Assign RBAC roles at the appropriate scope (subscription, resource group, or resource
level).
● Use groups to simplify management and apply permissions to sets of users.

Q82. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a service outage impacting multiple
resources. Describe the steps you would take to mitigate the impact and restore normal
operations.

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Answer:

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● Check Azure Service Health portal immediately for known platform issues.
● Communicate with users about the outage and estimated time for restoration.
● Explore failover plans (like replicating services in other regions, if designed).

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● Track relevant Azure status updates for resolution progress.
● Post outage, conduct a root cause analysis (RCA) to prevent future events.

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Q83. Scenario: Your organization is considering migrating data from an on-premises SQL
Server database to Azure SQL Database. Discuss the factors you would consider and the steps
involved in this migration.
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Answer:
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● Compatibility: Assess database features and ensure Azure SQL Database support.
● Size and Workload: Determine whether Azure SQL instance tiers align with performance
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needs.
● Migration Tool: Use Azure Data Migration Service (DMS) or other data migration tools.
● Downtime: Strategize migration for a minimal service disruption.
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● Testing: Rigorously test applications after migration to identify any fixes needed.
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Q84. Scenario: A critical application deployed in Azure experienced data loss due to accidental
T3

deletion of resources. Describe your approach to recovering the lost data and preventing similar
incidents in the future.

Answer:
● Consult Azure Backup logs to see if recent backups are available for recovery.
● Some storage types offer soft-delete, letting you retrieve deleted items for a period.
● Check if relevant resources allow point-in-time recovery for going back to a previous
state.
● To prevent reoccurrence, enable soft-delete features and use RBAC to limit destructive
actions.
 20

● Regularly review backup & disaster recovery protocols to make sure they're updated.

Q85. Scenario: Your company wants to implement continuous integration and continuous
deployment (CI/CD) pipelines for Azure resources. Discuss the tools and best practices you
would recommend for this purpose.

Answer:
● Azure DevOps: Built-in to Azure, offering pipelines, boards, and source control.
● GitHub Actions: Popular for its simple integrations, marketplace, and community.
● Jenkins: Open-source and flexible if you already have an existing setup.

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● Focus on: Using Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools like ARM templates or Terraform.
● Automate testing and deployment stages to streamline releases.

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Q86. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a security incident involving unauthorized

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access to sensitive data. Describe the steps you would take to investigate the incident and
implement remediation measures.

Answer: oT
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● Activate your incident response plan (if you have one!) for structured follow-through.
● Utilize logs from Azure Security Center, Defender for Cloud, and Azure Monitor.
● Perform forensics analysis to determine how the breach occurred.
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● Patch known vulnerabilities, strengthen passwords, and enforce MFA.

● Review network configuration, RBAC assignments, and audit logs for anomalies.
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Q87. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement network segmentation to enhance

security in Azure. Discuss the approaches and technologies you would utilize to achieve this
objective.
-T

Answer:
● Virtual Networks (VNets): Logically isolate groups of Azure resources.
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● Network Security Groups (NSGs): Act as firewalls with access control lists (ACLs) at
T3

both subnet and resource levels.

● Subnet Creation: Segment a VNet to fine-tune network traffic, creating tiered-security
areas.
● Azure Firewall: Centralized network firewall with rule management and threat
intelligence.
● Application Gateways: Offer additional security capabilities like a Web Application
Firewall (WAF).
 21

Q88. Scenario: A critical business application deployed in Azure requires high availability and
disaster recovery capabilities. Discuss the architectural design and Azure services you would
recommend to meet these requirements.

Answer:
● Deploy across multiple Availability Zones or regions for resilience against local outages.
● Use load balancers for frontend traffic distribution, offering failover functionality.
● Leverage geo-replication for backend databases like Azure SQL Database or Azure
Cosmos DB.
● Consider Azure Site Recovery for full VM failover/replication to a secondary region.
● Implement a regular backup solution to protect against data loss.

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Q89. Scenario: Your company wants to implement data encryption for sensitive data stored in
Azure Storage. Describe the encryption options available and the steps involved in configuring
data encryption.

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Answer:

oT
● Storage Service Encryption (SSE): Data-at-rest, managed by Microsoft's keys.
● Client-side Encryption: Done before uploading to Azure, you manage keys.
yT
● Azure Disk Encryption: Full disk encryption on Azure virtual machine disks.
● Configure through: Azure portal, PowerShell, or Azure CLI for setting encryption at rest.
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Q90. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a performance degradation in a virtual

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machine. Describe your approach to diagnosing the root cause of the performance issue and
optimizing VM performance.
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Answer:
● Use Azure Monitor resource metrics for CPU, RAM, disk I/O, and network.
-T

● Check if recent changes occurred (code, settings, or new dependencies).

● Assess storage type (standard vs. premium disk) – is it adequate for the workload?
● Ensure resources aren't being throttled. Investigate scaling or load balancing.
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● Use Azure VM Diagnostics tools for memory dumps and other deep analysis.
T3

Q91. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement a centralized logging and monitoring
solution for Azure resources. Discuss the options and best practices for configuring centralized
logging and monitoring.

Answer:

● Azure Monitor: Collects logs and metrics across many Azure services.
 22

● Azure Log Analytics: Stores and allows deep querying of your logs.
● Send Logs to Storage: Archive log data for long-term or compliance use.
● 3rd Party Options: If needed, consider tools like Splunk or Datadog for enterprise-level
features.
● Best Practice: Centralize logs by routing them to Log Analytics through diagnostic
settings.

Q92. Scenario: Your company wants to implement geographically distributed redundancy for
Azure resources to ensure business continuity. Discuss the architectural considerations and

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services you would utilize for this purpose.

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Answer:
● Service Availability: Check which Azure services support failover across multiple regions.
● Replication: Utilize geo-replication features (e.g., in Azure Storage, Azure SQL

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Database, Cosmos DB).
● Traffic Routing: Consider Azure Traffic Manager for DNS-based intelligent routing.

oT
● Data Consistency: Employ replication modes (active-active vs. active-passive) based on
service and uptime needs.
yT
● Azure Site Recovery: Use for complex VM orchestration and failover testing.
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Q93. Scenario: A critical Azure virtual machine became unresponsive, affecting production
workloads. Describe your approach to troubleshooting and restoring the VM to normal
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operation.
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Answer:
● Use Azure Portal's boot diagnostics to see errors, console logs, and screenshots.
● Restart the VM from the portal in case of simple configuration issues.
-T

● Use the serial console on Azure Portal for interactive access to the VM.
● Check networking (NSGs, load balancer rules) if it's network-related.
● Consider deploying a new, updated VM image and reattaching data disks if needed.
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T3

Q94. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement automated resource deployment and
configuration management for Azure resources. Discuss the tools and best practices for
implementing infrastructure as code (IaC) in Azure.

Answer:
● ARM Templates (JSON): Native Azure format for defining and deploying resources.
● Terraform (HCL): Popular option, supporting multi-cloud environments.
● Bicep: Simplified syntax on top of ARM templates, easier to write.
● Store IaC Files: Manage code with version control (like Git) for collaboration.
 23

● Pipelines: Use CI/CD pipelines (e.g., in Azure DevOps) for automated deployment of
IaC.
Q95. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a data breach, resulting in unauthorized
access to confidential information. Describe the incident response process you would follow to
contain the breach and mitigate further risks.

Answer:
● Immediately activate your incident response plan, if your organization has one.
● Isolate affected resources and limit access to contain the breach.
● Gather forensic data, logs, and any information regarding the incident.
● Identify root cause, mitigate vulnerabilities, and review access controls.

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● Notify stakeholders, users, and authorities based on data privacy regulations.

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Q96. Scenario: Your company wants to implement a hybrid cloud architecture with Azure and
on-premises infrastructure. Discuss the considerations and technologies you would utilize to

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establish connectivity and manage hybrid resources.

Answer:
oT
● Networking: Choose VPN (site-to-site) for smaller-scale or Azure ExpressRoute for
yT
dedicated, private high-bandwidth connectivity.
● Identity: Azure Active Directory (AAD) can extend domain control for unified logins.
● Hybrid Management: Use Azure Arc to manage VMs, Kubernetes, and data services
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across cloud and on-premises.

● Monitoring: Centralize logging with Azure Monitor agents for hybrid visibility.
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● Migration Planning: Assess compatibility and choose suitable migration tools.

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Q97. Scenario: Your Azure environment experienced a storage outage, resulting in data loss for
-T

critical applications. Describe your approach to recovering the lost data and preventing similar
incidents in the future.
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Answer:
T3

● Assess: Immediately determine backup availability (Azure Backup) and recovery points.
● Leverage Redundancy: Explore if geo-redundant storage (GRS, RAS) was configured.
● Point-in-Time Restore: Check if the storage service enables point-in-time recovery.
● Prevention: Review redundancy options, enforce regular backups, and consider
snapshot features.
● Root Cause Analysis: Thoroughly investigate the reason behind the outage.
Q98. Scenario: Your organization wants to implement role-based access control (RBAC) for
Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) clusters. Describe the process of designing and implementing
RBAC roles and permissions for AKS.
 24

Answer:
● Kubernetes RBAC: Understand how it leverages roles and role bindings.
● AAD Integration: AKS can integrate with AAD providing groups and identity.
● Predefined Roles: Use 'view', 'edit', 'admin' roles, then create custom ones if needed.
● Tools: Use the 'kubectl' command line interface or Azure portal for RBAC management.
● Limit Access: Apply the principle of least privilege for AKS cluster security.

Q99. Scenario: A critical web application deployed in Azure is experiencing performance issues
during peak usage hours. Describe your approach to optimizing the application's performance
and scalability.

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Answer:

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● Profiling: Use Azure Application Insights (if possible) or a profiler to identify code
bottlenecks.
● Caching: Employ Azure Cache for Redis or in-app caching to reduce database strain.

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● Scaling: Scale-out the web app instances, or enable autoscaling in response to load.
● Database Optimization: Review query performance, indexing, and database tier size.

oT
● Load Balancing: Ensure an adequate load balancer is distributing requests efficiently.
yT
Q100. Scenario: Your company wants to implement a disaster recovery solution for Azure SQL
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databases. Discuss the options and best practices for configuring geo-replication and failover
for Azure SQL databases.
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Answer:
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● Active Geo-Replication: Azure SQL's feature providing readable secondaries in remote

regions.
● Failover Groups: Manage planned/unplanned failover between geo-replicated
-T

databases.
● Best Practices: Choose Azure regions carefully for minimal latency.
● Regular Testing: Perform failover tests under non-production environments.
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● Consider Failover Triggers: Decide on manual vs. automated failover.

T3

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 25

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