Savannah College of Art and Design

IDUS 221
Introduction to Anatomy
study of the structure of human beings
Spring 2006
Tuesday/Thursday
ana = up
9.00-11.30 AM
temnein = to cut
(greek)

Instructor :: Verena Paepcke

lecture based on
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology
Frederic H. Martini
6th edition, 2004, published by Peerson Education, Inc.

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
image verena paepcke®

what we will cover systems

articulations
> overview of some body systems and their functions
joints
> overview of articulations

> overview of joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
integumentary system skin
image verena paepcke®
hair
Functions:
> protects against environmental hazards
sweat glands
nails
> helps regulate body temperature

> provides sensory information

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
nervous system brain
image verena paepcke®
spinal cord
> directs immediate responses to
stimuli
peripheral nerves
sense organs
> coordinates or moderates activities
of other organ systems

> provides and interprets sensory

information about external conditions

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
cardiovascular system heart
image verena paepcke®
blood
> distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials,
including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and
blood vessels
carbon dioxide

> distributes heat and assists in control of body

temperature

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
image verena paepcke®

respiratory system nasal cavities

sinuses
> delivers air to alveoli
(sites in lungs where gas exchange occurs)
larynx
trachea
> provides oxygen to bloodstream bronchi
> removes carbon dioxide from bloodstream
lungs
alveoli
> produces sounds for communication

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
image verena paepcke®

skeletal system bones

cartilage
> provides support and protection
for other tissues
associated
ligaments
> stores calcium and other minerals bone marrow
> forms blood cells

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
gliding joint acromio-
clavicular
Movement, slight nonaxial or multiaxial
claviculosternal
intercarpal
intertarsal
vertebocostal
sacroiliac
-joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
hinge joint elbow
knee
Movement, monaxial
ankle
interphalangeal
-joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
pivotal joint atlas/axis
proximal
Movement, monaxial (rotation)
radioulnar

-joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
ellipsoidal joint radiocarpal
metacarpo-
Movement, biaxial
phalngeal

metarso-
phalangeal
-joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
saddle joint first
carpometacarpal
Movement, biaxial
joint

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
ball and socket joint shoulder
hip
Movement, triaxial
-joints

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
 skeletal muscles
image verena paepcke® image verena paepcke®
assoc. tendons
> provides movement
aponeuroses
> provides protection and support for other tissues (tendinous sheets)

> generates heat that maintains body temperature

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
 flexion

extension

adduction abduction oppostion

articulations flexion
extension
hyperextension

adduction
abduction

opposition

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
 extension

flexion
hyperextension

flexion abduction

extension
flexion hyperextension

extension

adduction
abduction
abduction
adduction

articulations flexion
adduction
extension
hyperextension

Coronal Plane Mid Sagital Plane / Median

movements parallel called movements parallel called
adduction & abduction flexion & extension

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
 head rotation
right rotation left rotation

lateral
external rotation medial
internal rotation

articulations lateral
external

medial
internal

rotations

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
supination pronation

articulations :: hand arm supination

pronation

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke
 dorsiflexion
ankle flexion

plantar flexion
ankle extension
eversion inversion

articulation :: foot eversion

inversion

plantar flexion
dorsiflexion

Intro to Anatomy
SCAD • IDUS 221 • Human Factors in Industrial Design • Verena Paepcke