2021 Smart Technologies, Communication & Robotics (STCR) | 09 – 10 October 2021 | Sathyamangalam
Infant Health Monitoring and Security System
using IoT
Kalaiyarasi M Kaushik S
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering Instrumentation Engineering Sri
Bannari Amman Institute of Technology Ramakrishna Engineering College
Erode, India Coimbatore, India
kalaiyarasime@gmail.com kaushikei22@gmail.com
Abstract— A neonatal incubator is a device that provides
thermal support for newborns that require extra attention. A
typical incubator has controlled oxygen levels and relative
humidity of the air the infant breaths, as well as continuous
monitoring of the infant's body temperature and heartbeat. This
project includes the addition of a sound sensor and alarm to the
2021 Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR) | 978-1-6654-1806-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/STCR51658.2021.9587930
block, which will notify the nurse in the event of an emergency.
The cry of the baby can be recognised and an alert can be issued
to the nurse with the help of a sound detector. The nurse will be
reminded to feed the baby if she uses an alert to remind her. It is
through the Internet of Things that the recorded information is
given to a doctor or nurse so that appropriate actions can be done
in advance to maintain a safe atmosphere inside the incubator
and secure the safety of a newborn child's life. A better
monitoring and safety system for the newborn in the incubator
will be made possible by the proposed technique, which will be
implemented.
Keywords— GSM, RFID, IoT, Infant monitoring
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the major issues in hospital in now a days is infant
are getting abducted and mismatched due to lack of features
of individual infants. In general infants details are stored in
the paper to overcome this issue by using RFID tag all the
details are stored in RFID reader. Infant heart beat is checked
frequently .When infant is kept in incubator based on the
temperature the light will be ON ,if the humidity is normal
light will be switched OFF .When infant is taken from the
cradle the message will be sent to parent.
In recent decades, woman contribution in the labour force
in industrialised countries has greater than before
significantly, which has had a significant impact on
contemporary society. As a result, many families are finding
it difficult to cope with the demands of infant care in their
daily lives. The well-being of her child is constantly on the
mind of the mother. In India, both parents are required to
work while also caring for their children/infants, resulting in
increased work overload on such families, particularly on
female counterparts. If a system is developed that constantly
updates members on the status of their infants both in
sickness and regular, it will be of great assistance to such
members because they will be able to work in a less stressful
environment, producing more fruitful results. In addition, an
urgent situation condition can be quickly identified and dealt
with in a small stage of instance.
It is common for young babies to cry when they are
hungry, tired, or not feeling well. They may also cry when
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Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE BUCARAMANGA (UNAB). Downloaded on September 22,2023 at 19:33:10 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
Saravanan R
Department of Electronics and
Coomunication Engineering
Muthayammal Engineering College
Namakkal, India
sara52863@gmail.com
their diaper needs to be replaced. A prototype was created
that can observe the performance of babies and infants while
also identifying a single reason listed above and providing
this information to their parents. This prototype is currently
in the testing phase. When loved ones are separated from
their infant, this proposed system provides them with peace
of mind by providing them with an up-to-date status of their
child's well-being. The benefit is that the programmability of
alarm circumstances can mitigate any inaccuracy that may
occur through the use of a conventional sensor.
Communication is accomplished through the GSM interface,
in which the SMS is a critical component of the actual GSM
system as well as its evolution. In this way, parents can learn
about their infant's health based on a few biomedical
parameters that are available to them
II. RELATED WORKS
This study [4] presents a proper health monitoring system
of newly born babies that is using the Internet of Things and
wireless communication technologies. This project's purpose
is to design and create a prototype for a baby surveillance
system that can assist in providing greater newborn nursing.
Using a wireless link, this device monitors critical
characteristics in a newborn, such as his or her body
temperature, pulse rate, and movement, and then transmits
that information to their parents. Due to the fact that they
may receive regular information on the newborn's health and
well-being, this technology gives loved ones having comfort
and mental peace once they are separated from their infant.
Furthermore, because alert conditions can be programmed,
any inaccuracy that may occur as a result of using a typical
sensor can be reduced to an extent. Communication is
performed through the usage of the internet, which is a
resource that is both important and readily available.
A special monitoring system [2] is designed to take care
the health condition of the Infants. An Arduino Uno board is
used in implementing the work. An Arduino board is
interfaced with the GSR sensor, MQ135 sensor, Pulse rate
sensor and AM2315 sensor. The motions of the Infant are
identified by the GSR sensor, CO gas & smoke
concentrations are recorded and analyzed using MQ135
sensor. The heartbeat of the infant is continuously recorded
and monitored using pulse rate sensor. The temperature and
the moisture content are monitored using AM2315 sensor.
The alert message is sent to the doctors and parent whenever
infant condition is identified as abnormal.
 2021 Smart Technologies, Communication & Robotics (STCR) | 09 – 10 October 2021 | Sathyamangalam
The concept of an automatic caretaker room for a baby is
proposed in this paper. The primary motivation behind this
concept is to save time and energy for parents who are
extremely busy. People who are employed are extremely
busy these days. The lack of time they have prevents them
from properly caring for their children. As a result, the entire
room is set up in such a way that it can detect the activities of
the baby and respond accordingly. In addition, parents can
save time and energy by not having to go back and check on
their baby over and over again until they no longer receive
any information about the baby It is also possible to save
electricity because the devices will only turn on when they
are required to do so. There will be no wastage of electric
energy in this process. The concept of this scenario is
realised through the use of sensors and a microcontroller.
The sensors will detect what is going on, and the
microcontroller will operate the devices in accordance with
the parameters that the parents have set for these devices.
The author of the research [1] proposes a competent
health monitoring system of newborns which communicates
using wireless connections and Sensing technologies. This
project comprises the creation of a prototype for a
dependable and effective neonatal surveillance system,
which has the potential to play a vital role in the provision of
enhanced neonatal treatment in the future if successful.
Critical signs including the pulse rate, body temperature, and
activity of a baby are continuously monitored by this device,
and the information is communicated to their caregivers via a
network link. This method provides loved ones with calm of
mind when they are away from their infants because they
may receive an update on their well-being through the
system. The extra benefit is the programming capacity of
alert circumstances helps moderate a few incorrectness that
may occur through the use of a conventional sensor.
Communication is accomplished through the use of the
internet, which is a necessary and readily available resource.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a condition that
occurs unexpectedly in infants in today's working world. A
variety of risk factors have been identified over the years that
contribute to SIDS. An alarming number of deaths occur
when children are in the care of people who are not their
parents or grandparents. Designing a wearable temperature
and heartbeat sensing pair of socks that eliminates risk
factors while also being constantly monitored is the goal of
the project. The collected data from the baby can be
transmitted back home to the parents via a mobile application
or a specially designed webpage. In recent years, health-care
sensors are important in the hospitality industry. Because of
its advanced technology, baby health monitoring systems
have become one of the most significant advancements in the
hospitality and lifestyle industries. Based on embedded and
wireless technology, a wireless baby health monitoring
system that measures heartbeat and body temperature is
currently being developed by researchers.
A widespread phenomenon has emerged in recent years:
the monitoring and recording of various medical parameters
of patients outside of hospitals. The goal of this project is to
develop a system that can be used to monitor a infants health
at anytime from anywhere in the world using internet
connectivity. All information pertaining to the patient's
health will be stored in the cloud, which will allow doctors to
monitor the patient's health on their smartphones, which will
allow the doctor to continuously monitor the patient's
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condition on his smartphone. The findings demonstrated that
this project is capable of effectively utilising Wi-Fi
technology to monitor the health status of patients.
Furthermore, the power consumption of the Wi-Fi module
(ESP8266) can be reduced to the greatest extent possible. So
the designed system has a low level of complexity, consumes
little power, and is highly portable for use in the healthcare
industry.
The author of this paper [2] provides a design for a
Baby Monitoring System that utilises the GSM network.
This project involves the development of a prototype for a
reliable and efficient baby monitoring system that can play a
critical role in providing improved infant care in the future.
This device monitors important indicators such as body
temperature, pulse rate, moisture condition, and motion of a
baby, and this data is communicated to their parents over the
GSM network. Measurements of these essential parameters
can be performed, and in the event of a risk condition, the
information can be relayed to the parents via an alarm
triggering system, which will then initiate the appropriate
control procedures. The proposed system is comprised of
sensors that monitor important parameters, an LCD screen, a
GSM interface, and a sound buzzer, all of which are
associated with a single microcontroller core and are all
controlled by a single microcontroller core.
III. PROPOSED WORK
It is necessary to process the data from sensors in this
job, which is accomplished using a PIC microcontroller. The
humidity level is detected by the proposed incubator, which
is equipped with a humidity sensor. Humidity sensor is used
to measure humidity. The suggested system is also equipped
with an LCD monitor that displays the relative humidity
within the building. Furthermore, the Arduino processes data
from temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and heart rate
sensors before sending it to a PC for continuous monitoring.
As humidity levels rise, lights will be turned on to help
maintain a comfortable room temperature. If the temperature
level rises above a certain point, an LED will illuminate to
warn the nurse. Pulse rate sensor is used for monitoring heart
rate of infant. If heart rate level goes abnormal, information
send through the GSM module to mobile. Fan is used to
maintain room temperature for infant. When the particular
healthcare supervisors needs to enter into the room, they
have to scan the biometric, when they scan the biometric
door open automatically. If some other person enters in the
room and takes the infant from the cradle automatically
alarm will alert the particular healthcare supervisors and
parent.
IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM
The block diagram consists of infant monitoring system
and server room control. Infant monitoring system consists
of RFID, sensors, GSM module and buzzer. Server room
consists of the data stored in the RFID reader, biometric
details and daily report of the infant monitoring are stored in
the server room.
 2021 Smart Technologies, Communication & Robotics (STCR) | 09 – 10 October 2021 | Sathyamangalam

A. Infant monitoring system block diagram will give alert. Pulse rate , temperature, humidity details
will be stored in the server room on daily basis ,because
Power Supply Unit if infant is placed in the incubator it will take few more
days to become a normal so we need to save the
Step down Bridge Voltage
databases of the infant in the server room.
Transform
Filter Regulator
Rectifier
er Circuit
V. WORKING METHODOLOGY
Asynchronous transmission eliminates the need to
deliver a clock signal to the receiver. A unique bit is
inserted to every word to synchronise the transmitting
and receiving units. In the UART, the initial bit is
included in the starting of a particular word for
asynchronous communication. The Start bit tells the
receiver that a data word is about to be sent, causing the
receiver's clock to match the transmitter's. The data word
UART GSM is delivered bit by bit after the Start bit, starting with the
RFID MODULE
Least Significant Bit (LSB). After data transmission, the
TAG
transmitter sends an optional parity bit. This bit is
frequently utilised by receivers to check for errors.
PIC16 Finally, a Stop bit will signal the conclusion of
transmission. If the Stop Bit does not occur when
RFID F877 FAN expected, the UART deems the whole word distorted
READER
A and information transferred about a framing fault to the
RELAY
main CPU, while reading the data.

LM35 It is really somewhat a few distinct standards that

use a related protocol, all of which are listed here. In this
230V post, we will solely talk about UARTs at the TTL level
and RS-232 interfaces. TTL level UART is used by the
vast majority of microcontrollers with UART. It is the
HUMIDITY
most basic implementation of UART. Table 1 shows that
logic 0 and logic 1 are represented by 0V and 5V,
LCD correspondingly, and that this is true for both logic 1 and
PULSE
logic 0.
RATE
TTL level UARTs are frequently used within
communications with both embedded systems and
LED
integrated circuits. For full duplex communication
systems, only cables are needed, as shown in fig 2.

.Figure 1 Block Diagram of Infant Monitoring system

B. Infant Monitoring System

When the staff scans the RFID tag in the RFID
reader all details about the infant will be displayed in
the LCD screen details like child name, mother name
will be displayed shown in figure 1 .When infant is
taken from the cradle by using GSM module message Figure 2 RS-232
will be sent to particular parents. Apart from this infant
heart beat is checked simultaneously by using pulse rate DTE and DCE that communicate using the RS-232
sensor if pulse rate is low buzzer will be on. Incase if a (Recommended Standard 232) protocol are connected
infant is in incubator based on the room temperature through a serial binary data signal (DCE). It is frequently
light will be ON to produce heat to infant, if the room seen in serial ports on computers. The voltage level is
temperature is normal then the light will be OFF, LED one of the most fundamental variations of both a TTL
will be glow and fan will be on. level-UART and an RS 232 interface. Table 1 shows that
Genuine RS-232 levels range from 3 to 15 volts,
C. Server room control although transmissions at 0 volts are not considered
When the staff scan the biometric details about staff valid RS-232 levels.
will be checked in the server room and the door will be
opened, if there is any mismatch in the staff details it

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 2021 Smart Technologies, Communication & Robotics (STCR) | 09 – 10 October 2021 | Sathyamangalam
TABLE 1. VOLTAGE LEVEL FOR UART AND RS232
Logic Voltage UART Voltage in
RS232
High 5V +3 to +15 V
Low 0V -3 to -15V
Aside from voltage level, the RS-232 contains a
few more pins for PC-modem communication. The DB-
9's pinouts and functionalities are shown below. A GSM
modem is a device that allows a computer or other
processor to communicate with another computer or
processor across a network. A GSM modem makes use
of a SIM card and operates on the network to which the
network operator has subscribed. Connecting to a
computer is accomplished by serial, USB, or Bluetooth
connections.
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 3 depicts the working setup, which consists of
sensors for observing the important parameters, an LCD, a
GSM interface, and an LED bulb, all of which are controlled
by a single microcontroller core and is comprised of the
following components: LED bulb for showing the indication,
LCD for displaying output, sensors for reading the values,
and a GSM interface.
Figure 3 Proposed Work
A GSM modem is a GSM phone that is equipped
with a cable and software driver that allows it to be
connected to a computer's serial or USB interface. It is
preferable to use a GSM modem rather than a GSM
phone.
Some GSM modems support GPRS data
transmission through TCP/IP, which is available on
some models (internet). There are a number of different
strategies for transmitting data via a GSM modem,
including CSD and HSCSD.
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VII. CONCLUSION
Infant monitoring is more important now a days, by
implementing this method parents will feel free about their
infants, if there is a problem to the infant it can easily
detected and infants will be safe.
Infant monitoring is becoming increasingly vital these
days; by applying this method, parents will feel more at ease
about their children; if there is a problem with the child, it
can be identified quickly, and the children will be safe. This
method, which is more cost-effective, is employed in all
hospitals to keep the infants secure. When their children are
in the hospital, their parents will be able to relax and not
worry about them. Healthcare supervisors will have less
work to do and will have an easier time monitoring patients.
The biometric entry system will be included in the project's
future scope because it will make it more secure to enter the
infant area in the future.
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