Problem 2:

a)
2 2
x y
• 2
+ 2 =1
a b
2 2

 ( x y
2
a b
+ 2 )’ = 1 ’
'
2x 2 y y
 2
+ 2 =0
a b
2
−x b
 y =
'
2
a y
2
−x o b
 y (x¿¿o ) ¿ ='
2
a yo

2
y− y o −x o b
•
x−x o
= a yo
2

2 2
 a y o ( y− y o )=−x o b ( x−x o )
 y o y a2− y 2o a 2=−x o x b 2+ x 2o b2
2 2 2 2 2
yo y a − yo a −x o x b xo x b
 2
ab
2 = 2
a b
2
+ 2
a b
2

2
− y yo y
2
−x o x x o

b
2
+ 2
b
= a
2
+ 2
a
2
xo x yo y xo y
2

a
2
+
b
2 = a
2
+
b
2

xo x yo y

a
2
+
b
2 =1
Problem 3:
a)
2
• f ( x )= ( x −1 )

=> f ' ( x)=2 x−2

• g ( x )=e−2 x

=> g' (x)=−2 e−2 x

•h ( x )=1+ ln ⁡(1−2 x)

' −2
=> g ( x ) =¿ 1−2 x

We have:

• f ( 0 )=1 , f ( 0 )=−2
'

'
• Lf ( x )=f ( 0 ) + f ( 0 ) ( x−0 )=1−2 x

• g ( 0 )=1 , g ( 0 )=−2
'

'
• Lg ( x )=g ( 0 ) + g ( 0 ) ( x−0 )=1−2 x

• h ( 0 )=1 , h ( 0 )=−2
'

• Lh ( x ) =h ( 0 ) +h ' ( 0 )( x−0 )=1−2 x

We notice that all three linearizations of f,g,h are the same: L ( x ) =1−2 x .

Because all three functions have the same value at x = 0 and their derivative also have
the same value at x = 0: f ( 0 )=g ( 0 )=h(0) and f ' ( 0 )=g ' ( 0 ) =h '(0).

b)
L ( x ) =1−2 x

At x = 0,1: L ( 0 ,1 )=0 , 8
f ( 0 ,1 )=0 , 81

g ( 0 , 1 )=0.82
h ( 0 , 1 )=0.78

Therefore,

• The function f ( x ) is linear approximation best ( f ( x ) L(x) ).

• The function h ( x ) is linear approximation worst.

Problem 4:

a) f=
1 T
2L ❑ √
(i) The length (when T,  are constant)

√ () √ T −1 = −1 T
( ) √
'
' 1 T 1
f= =
2L ❑ L 2 √ ❑ L2 2 L2 ❑

(ii) The tension (when L,  are constant)

1 ' 1 1 1
f=
'
(√ T ) = =
2 L √❑ 2 L √❑ 2 √T 4 L √❑ √ T

(iii) The linear density (when L and T are constant)

√T
( ) √T −1 = −1
( ) √
'
' 1 T
f= =
2 L √❑ √❑ 2 L 2 √❑ 4 L √ T ❑

b)
' −1 T
(i) f = 2 ❑
2L √
'
f is negative.
If L is decreased, f will be increased. The pitch goes up.
 ' 1
(ii) f =
4 L √❑ √ T
'
f is positive.
If T is increased, f will be increased. The pitch goes up.

'
(iii) f =
−1
4 L √T √ T
❑
'
f is negative.
If is increased, f will be decreased. The pitch goes down.

Problem 5:
a)
• P ( x )=a x 3 +b x 2+ cx+ d

• P ( 0 )=0 => d = 0

• P' ( x )=3 a x 2 +2 bx +c

• P' ( 0 )=0 => c = 0 l=0

We have:

[
l=0(discarded)
• P' ( l ) =3 a l 2+2 bl=0  l=
−2 b
(1)
3a

• 3
P ( x )=a l +b l =h
2

3 3
−8 b 4b
 2 + 2 ¿h
27 a 9a
3
4b
 2 ¿h
27 a
b 2
 3 l =h

3h
 b= 2 (2)
l
 −2 h
Put ( 2 ) to (1) => a= 3
l
−2 h
=> P(x )= 2
l