Reading and Writing Module 7

BAGUIO CITY SCIENCE FOUNDATION
6 Old Forestry Compound, Lower Engineer’s Hill, Baguio City

Tel. No. (074) 422-2964
Mobile No. 0955-6591-289/ 0938-6597-309
E-mail address: bcsf1996@gmail.com
Reading and
Writing
Semester 2 (Quarter 2)
WEEK 13 & 14
(Module 7)
Inclusive Dates: March 28, 2022
Submission Date: April 8, 2022
Core Subject Description:
The development of reading and writing skills as applied to a wide range of materials other
than poetry, fiction and drama.
Learning Objective:
Through this Learning Module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the different Critical Reading Strategies; and

2. Evaluate text based on their critical thinking reasoning
Topics Covered:
 Critical Reading as Reasoning
Values Integration
 The students will be able to express creativity in their works.
(Do not return this module; submit the provided answer sheet/s only.)
WEEK 13 and 14
Page 1
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LET’S GET
READY:
Introduction
Imagine that you are reading a magazine and you see the following statements:
Girls most likely do well in academics during high school years but boys get ahead of them in college. Female
teenagers are more concerned with their physical appearance than male teenagers.
Do you believe and agree with the statements after reading them? Would you question their veracity?
How would you react after reading the statements? If you question the validity of the statements by asking the
person to give the basis for his/her assertions, then you are one step closer to becoming a critical reader. On this
topic, you are going to learn about critical reading and its importance.
In this module, you will get to explain critical reading as reasoning. Specifically, it is expected of you to
identify situations that promote critical thinking; explain the importance of critical reading in your personal and
academic life; apply basic principles of critical thinking in various situations; and identify the types of fallacy.
LET’S
LEARN:
Discussion
Critical Reading as Reasoning

What is Critical Reading?
Critical reading involves scrutinizing any information that you read or hear. Critical reading means not easily
believing information offered to you by a text. “Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for
granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider” as Francis Bacon stated in The Essays.
Critical reading is an active process of discovery because when you read critically, you are not just receiving
information but also making an interaction with the writer. The interaction happens when you question the
writer’s claims and assertions and/or when you comment on the writer’s ideas.
A critical thinker possesses the following characteristics. (Adapted from skillsyouneed.com)

1. Understands the relation of one idea to another
2. Determines the importance and relevance of ideas and arguments
3. Recognizes, builds and appraises arguments
4. Identifies inconsistencies and errors in reasoning
5. Approaches problems in a consistent and systematic way
6. Reflects on the justification of his own assumptions, beliefs and values
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What is Critical Thinking?

Critical thinking on the other hand, is the ability to think clearly and rationally, and the ability to understand the
relation of ideas presented. Similar to a critical reader, you as a critical thinker should be able to question ideas
and assumptions and should not just accept them without analyzing if there is truth to them or not.
What are Logical Fallacies?
When we read something, we do not just accept everything as it is. We need to read critically, ask questions to
verify if the statement is true. In this lesson, you are going to learn some of the common logical fallacies. These
are just some and there are still more to these. So what are logical fallacies?
Logical Fallacies are errors in reasoning that invalidate an argument. As a critical reader, you have to identify
and examine fallacies and manipulative language found in the text. It is therefore important that you know some
of the common fallacies which are found in the table below.
Fallacy Description Example
False Dilemma/ Despite the presence of multiple Either I continue always buying in
False Dichotomy possibilities an arguer presents online shopping or I’ll stop
his/her argument as one of only two working.
options.
Appeal to Ignorance Just because it is not proven to be Since you do not have a tattoo, you
false, and vice versa, something is must not be a
instantly concluded to be true. criminal.
Slippery Slope When a series of increasingly If I did not teach you the
superficial and unacceptable logical fallacies then you will
consequence is drawn. never know that these
fallacies exist.
Complex Question The reader is expected to either Have you stopped begging for
accept or reject both two or more money?
points that are
rolled into one at the same time.
Appeal to Force Instead of reasoning, a threat is Lend me P5000 or else I’ll tell all
used to argue. your secrets to your mother.
Appeal to Pity Pity is used instead of logical Please don’t arrest me. I have 10
reasoning. children to feed and my parents are
old and very sick.
Appeal to Consequences To show that the belief is false, I don’t believe that my
there is an boyfriend is seeing other girl
unpleasant consequence of because if he did we would
believing something are pointed break up and I am not ready
out. for it.
Bandwagon Just because it is what the majority In a survey conducted, 9 out of 10
thinks, an argument is considered say that upon using this Korean
to be valid. glass skin set their face become
radiant.
Attacking the Person Instead of attacking the ideas of the I cannot accept your idea
argument, you attack the character because, unlike me, you did
of the not have your doctorate
person degree in Oxford University.
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Appeal to Authority Occurs when a person is not The facts in my article are
actually a legitimate expert on the correct because I have been a
subject matter; occurs also when journalist for three decades
you assert your own expertise. already.
Anonymous Authority The authority in the statement is Athletes say that exercising
not mentioned or name can make you live longer.
Hasty Generalization The sample is not significant or Lee Da Hee, the foreigner
enough to support a generalization from South Korea, is very
about a population. impolite. Koreans are mean
and rude.
False Analogy When a writer assumes that two Love is like coffee. Bitter yet
concepts sweet.
that are similar in some ways are
also similar in other ways.
Accident Even if a general rule should be an You should not talk back to
exception, it is still applied to a your kuya no matter what; he
situation. is always right because he is older
than you.
Post Hoc A is the cause of B since event A Shine said that whenever I sing it
happened before event B. rains. Since I’m
singing now then it will rain after a
while.
Wrong Direction There is reverse in direction Lung cancer leads to cigarette
between cause and effect smoking.
Complex Cause Even when there are other factors We were not able to create an
which advertisement for our class because
also contributed to the event, the we were only given three days to
explanation is reduced to one thing. do it. The time was too short for us.
Irrelevant Conclusion The argument which is supposed to The number of positive cases in our
prove city is rising even if we are in ECQ.
something concludes something Therefore, we must lift ECQ.
else instead.
Straw Man The position of the opposition is You said that horoscope is not
twisted so scientific, so why should we
that it is easier to refute. believe in it?
Affirming the Consequent f argument A is true then argument If you are in a dating app that
B is means you are looking for a partner
true; or If argument B is true, who is a foreigner. Therefore, if
therefore argument A is true you marry a foreigner that means
you met him/her on a dating app.
Denying the Antecedent If argument A is true then argument If you did not finish college
B is true; or if argument A is not then you will not have a
true then argument B is not true. successful future. If your
future is not successful
therefore you did not finish
college.
Inconsistency The arguments contradict one Anna is taller than Ely. Ely is
another taller than Elsa. Elsa is taller
than Anna.
LET’S DISCOVER
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MORE:
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Instructions: Take a look at the picture on the right side and answer the questions that follow.
1. What does the picture mean?
2. Have you ever encountered such message? Or did you ever receive such message?
3. What did you do? Did you send it to others? Why?
The picture is The Texas Chain Letter Massacre cartoon that suggests that if you
don’t forward the message on the computer to ten friends something tragic will
happen
to you in 24 hours.
The man here is being forced to forward this message because he doesn’t want
anything tragic to happen to him in the next day.
Nothing ever really happens; however, the cartoon is successful at showing how
force has an effect on you. This is where critical reading comes in. If you had
scrutinized this kind of message mostly you wouldn’t believe and just disregard
it.
Critical reading is engaging yourself in a text or any material that you are reading. Although the word ‘critical”
means to express criticism or disapproval about something like a book, movie or piece of art, etc., critical
reading does not necessarily mean that you have to be “critical” of something that you read.
Critical reading is more engaging yourself about what the author or writer is trying to tell you in his or her
writing, or being focused on the intention or the argument being presented in the material.
It is exercising your judgement about the material being read, and not just accepting or being satisfied with
everything that is presented by the author without analyzing the points, especially the author’s opinions whether
true, valid or acceptable.
The critical reading strategies are:
1. Annotating. It is the first strategy that you can use as a critical reader. It is underlining or highlighting the
important ideas or points in a text like thesis statement, topic sentence, supporting details, body of the material
and the conclusion.
2. Contextual Reading. In contextual reading, a reader studies the author of the text, the time or period when
the author wrote it and the important events that occurred during the time the text was written.
3. Outlining. It’s an overview of a document in which information and ideas are arranged according to
hierarchy-the main idea being at the top followed by the rest of the supporting ideas or subtopics.
4. Summarizing. It’s the condensing or writing of a material in the reader’s own words.
5. Paraphrasing. One way of understanding a text better is to paraphrase it. Paraphrasing is putting or writing a
text in your own words but maintaining the original information as given by the author.
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6. Comparing and Contrasting. It’s naming the similarities of two or more ideas or information.
7. Evaluating an Argument. A critical reader must not accept anything on face value; instead, he or she must
evaluate whether the claim or the argument that the author is presenting is true and can be supported by
evidence.
8. Reflecting on Challenges to your Beliefs and Values. There are reading materials that will affect your
emotions.
9. Looking for Patterns of Opposition. This strategy should not be confused with number 8 strategy.
10. Judging the Writer’s Credibility. You ask questions to check if the writer of the text is credible enough to
get your approval of what s/he has written.
11. Exploring the Figurative Language. This refers to the language that uses words or expressions with a
meaning different from the literal interpretation.
12. Recognizing Emotional manipulation. Some writers become emotionally manipulative if they want their
readers to agree with themor to believewhat they are saying and resort to false and exaggerated statements or
appeals.
A critical reader and a critical thinker therefore, must not depend on the use of their instinct or intuition when
reading. Both must know how to observe, identify, analyze, interpret, infer, evaluate, explain, solve problems
and make decisions. These are the necessary skills a “thinking” reader should possess. Critical thinking and
critical reading therefore, go hand in hand in helping you develop into a more active learner rather than being
passive to the information.
LET’S
PRACTICE:
Activity 1
Instructions: Write C if the activity in each item influences you to think critically and P if passively.
____1. reading print advertisements

____2. watching investigative reports
____3. listening to music
____4. talking to friends about their school concerns
____5. reading comics
____6. playing online games
____7. watching comedy films
____8. planning research
____9. listening to politicians
____10. painting
Activity 2:
Instructions: Explain the importance of critical thinking in your personal and academic life.
Personal
______________________________________________________________________________
Page 6
Tel. No. (074) 422-2964
Mobile No. 0955-6591-289/ 0938-6597-309
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Academic
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
References:
 Retrived last February 23, 2022 at
https://znnhs.zdnorte.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/ENG11_RAW_Q3_M7.pdf
Prepared by:
Marielle May S. Wong, LPT

English Teacher
Checked by:
Janeil Marie Jennifer M. Nilo, LPT

Senior High School
Coordinator
Approved by:
Erlyne Gaye D. Lagartera- Elcano

Senior High School Teacher- in- Charge
Page 7
Tel. No. (074) 422-2964
Mobile No. 0955-6591-289/ 0938-6597-309
Name: __________________________________ Date: ________________
Answer Sheet
Reading and Writing
Second Semester- Module 7
Week 13 and 14
Activity 1
Instructions: Write C if the activity in each item influences you to think critically and P if passively.
____1. reading print advertisements

____2. watching investigative reports
____3. listening to music
____4. talking to friends about their school concerns
____5. reading comics
____6. playing online games
____7. watching comedy films
____8. planning research
____9. listening to politicians
____10. Painting
Activity 2:
Instructions: Explain the importance of critical thinking in your personal and academic life.
Personal
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Academic
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
Page 8

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BAGUIO CITY SCIENCE FOUNDATION

6 Old Forestry Compound, Lower Engineer’s Hill, Baguio City

1. Identify the different Critical Reading Strategies; and

Critical Reading as Reasoning

A critical thinker possesses the following characteristics. (Adapted from skillsyouneed.com)

What is Critical Thinking?

What are Logical Fallacies?

1. What does the picture mean?

3. What did you do? Did you send it to others? Why?

The critical reading strategies are:

____1. reading print advertisements

Marielle May S. Wong, LPT

Janeil Marie Jennifer M. Nilo, LPT

Erlyne Gaye D. Lagartera- Elcano

Name: __________________ Date:

____1. reading print advertisements

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