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Example: P.M. Anderson 9 bus system
Preprint · March 2015

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.12471.47523
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Entrenamiento DIgSILENT PowerFactory: Estabilidad en Grandes Sistemas de Potencia” DIgSILENT PowerFactory (Basic V15)
fglongatt.org
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

1/17
Prof. Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt, PhD
Entrenamiento de DIgSILENT
PowerFactory
Agosto de 2015
Prof. Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt PhD
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form without permission of the author. Copyright © 208-2015. http:www.fglongatt.org
PowerFactory
Exercise: P.M. Anderson 9 bus
Transient Analysis
Copyright Notice
The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or
copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.
Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any
trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as is” and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the
documents by you.
Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015 2/17
PowerFactory
1. Introduction
This tutorial describes how perform a transient analysis

on the P.M. Anderson 9 bus system using DIgSILENT
-Uncontrolled-
1. Introduction: System
• This system appear in references [1] and [2] and widely
used in the literature.
• The base MVA is 100, and system frequency is fs = 60
Hz.
[1] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability (Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1977).
[2] P. W. Sauer and M. A. Pai, Power System Dynamics and Stability (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey,
1998)
1. Introduction: Data
• The data of the system is shown in the figure below.
• Impedances and admittances are shown in p.u.
• The system data can be found in [1].

• This system was used implemented in
PM_Anderson_9Bus.dz file.
[1] P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability (Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, 1977).
• This system has been used in a previous tutorial.
Titled “Example: P.M. Anderson 9 bus”.
• This test system was used to load flow analysis.
• The system file can be download.
PM_Anderson_9Bus.dz
• Further information can be found in:

http://www.fglongatt.org.ve/Tutorial_DigSilent_EN.html
• The inertia constant H and remaining generator data is shown
in the following table.
Generator Data
Generador 1 2 3
Rated MVA 247.5 192.0 128.0
kV 16.5 18.0 13.8
Power Factor 1.0 0.85 0.85
Type Hydro Steam Steam
Speed 180 rpm 3600 rpm 3600 rpm

Xd 0.1460 0.8958 1.3125
X’d 0.0608 0.1198 0.1813
Xq 0.0969 0.8645 1.2578
X’q 0.0969 01969 0.25
Xl 0.0336 0.0521 0.0742
’d0 8.96 6.00 5.89
’q0 0 0.535 0.60
Stored energy at rated
2364 MW-s 640 MW-s 301 MW-s
speed

Setting generators parameters in PowerFactory
8/17
2. Generators Parameters
PowerFactory
2. Generators parameters
• The impedances of the generators are provided.
• To edit the generators one by one:
• Top generator:
– 'Basic Data': Name = “G1'' 2 7
Load C 9
T3
3
G3
G2 T2
– Type = Equipment Type Library\G1 8

Load A Load B
T1
G1

• Go to the RMS-Simulation
10/17

G2
2
T2
7
4
Load A
1
T1
G1
8
Load C
Load B
9
11/17
T3
3
Data of the generator G1

G3

H=
E
S
MVA
12/17
Stored energy at
rated speed/rated

13/17
contants
Open loop time
Generador 1
Rated MVA 247.5
kV 16.5
Power Factor 1.0
Type Hydro
Speed 180 rpm
Xd 0.1460
X’d 0.0608
Xq 0.0969
X’q 0.0969
Xl 0.0336
’d0 8.96
’q0 0
Stored energy at
2364 MW-s
rated speed
E 2364MW − s
H= = = 9.5438s
S 247.5MVA

• Saturation is not considered.
15/17
Load C 9 3
2 7
T3 G3
G2 T2
Load A Load B
T1
G1
Generador 2
Rated MVA 192.0

kV 18.0
Power Factor 0.85
Type Steam
Speed 3600 rpm
Xd 0.8958
X’d 0.1198
Xq 0.8645
X’q 01969
Xl 0.0521
’d0 6.00
’q0 0.535
Stored energy at
640 MW-s
rated speed
Load C 9 3
2 7
T3 G3
G2 T2
Load A Load B
T1
G1
Generador 3
Rated MVA 128.0

kV 13.8
Power Factor 0.85
Type Steam
Speed 3600 rpm
Xd 1.3125
X’d 0.1813
Xq 1.2578
X’q 0.25
Xl 0.0742
’d0 5.89
’q0 0.60
Stored energy at
301 MW-s
rated speed
PowerFactory

Simulation
Steps to perform a transient simulation in
3. Perform a Transient
18/17
PowerFactory
3. Transient Simulation
• The process of performing a transient simulation
typically involves the following steps:
Calculation of initial values
Definition of events
Definition of results variables
Definition of output graphs
Execution of simulation

Conditions
Calculation of Initial Values
4. Setting Up a Initial
20/17
PowerFactory
4.1. Setting Initial Conditions
• In the process of performing a transient simulation
the first step is calculation of the initial values.
• The internal variables and the internal operation
status of connected machines, controllers and other

transient models that affect the time-domain
simulation, must be calculated based on a load flow
calculation.
• The 'Calculate Initial Conditions' command ( )
allows the determination of the transient simulation
settings and calculates the initial conditions (initialize
the simulation).
To set initial conditions:
• Activate the "Stability'' toolbar by clicking on the
icon on the main toolbar (normally this toolbar is
activated by standard).
• Click on the icon to open the initial calculation

command.
Symmetrical steady-state
(RMS) network model
In this option the condition

dx/dt=0 is checked for all
state variables. If one or more
of the state variable
derivatives does not equal
zero, the power system may
start 'moving' from the very
beginning of the simulation,
even without the application
of an external event.
This option enables the

step size adaptation
algorithm, and can be
used to speed-up the
simulation
considerably.
This option allow to

PowerFactory
analyze the time
domain simulation and
increases the step size
of integration when the
fast transients have
decayed
• If you activated the ‘Automatic Step Size
Adaptation’ option in the Basic Option tag, you will
need configure two integration step sizes on the Step
Size tab of the dialogue. dtemt Electromagnetic Transients (typical value: 0.0001 sec)
dtgrd Electromechanical Transients (sym, asm, vco, pss) (typical 0.01
sec)
dtout Output (typical equal to dtemt for EMT; and dtgrd for RMS
simulation)
This is typically
negative,
allowing the
first event to
be analysed to
take place at
Minimum step size for RMS t=0s.
simulations, respectively.
• Step Size tab:
Minimum step size for RMS
simulations, respectively.
The step size for the output graphs can

be set, so that not every point in time
throughout the simulation time will be
This is typically negative, drawn on the virtual instruments plot.
allowing the first event to be
analyzed to take place at t=0s.
• If option Automatic Step Size Adaptation is enabled
on the Basic Options tab, further step size options
are available on the Step Size Adaptation tab.
Typical values:
RMS sim: 0.05s
errmax Maximum Prediction Error (typical value: 0.01) EMT: 0.001s
errinc Minimum Prediction Error (typical value: 0.01)
ninc Delay for Step Size Increase (typical value: 10 time steps)
finc Speed Factor for increasing the time step, default value is 1.5
fdec Speed Factor for decreasing the time step, default value is 2.0.
ddtemt_max Maximum increase of step size
algorithm

29/17
Users to tune the performance of the simulation
• The advanced options may be used by Advanced
Determines the time interval used
to synchronize events. If the even
occur inside a integration step
PowerFactory interpolate values
Adjust the setting for
control the integration
process to provide
accurate results in state
variables
Adjust the values for

iteration control
In case of several isolated islands,

PowerFactory offers the option of using one
reference machine for the whole system
(Global Reference System), or to use an
individual reference machine for each island
This option is used to calculate the maximum

deviation between the rotor angles between
the synchronous machines in the system.
This option enables an A-stable numerical

integration algorithms for all models to solve
the simulation
• Press Execute to calculate a load flow and then the
initial conditions.
• After the command execution, the final message
'Initial Conditions Calculated' should appear on the
output window.
output window.

32/17
'Initial Conditions Calculated' should appear on the
• After the command execution, the final message

33/17

Definition of Events
Event
34/17
5. Setting Up a Short-Circuit
PowerFactory
5. Defining Events
• The next step is start to defining events.
• Events are used in time domain simulations as well as
certain steady state calculations.
• PowerFactoy use objects called Events
• An Event specify the situations that lead to changes in
the system during the simulation/calculation time.
• PowerFactory offers several kinds of events:

• Control switch events (EvtSwitch)
• Set parameter events (EvtParam)
• Short-circuit events (EvtShc)
• Intercircuit fault events (EvtShcll)
• Events of synchronous machines (EvtSym)
• Events of loads (EvtLod)
• Outage of element (EvtOutage)
5. Event of Short Circuit (EvtShc)
• This event (EvtShc) causes a short-circuit on the
selected busbar, terminal or specified point of a
transmission line.
• The fault type (three phase, two phase or single
phase faults) can be specified as well as the fault
resistance and reactance and the phases which are
affected.
• There is no possibility to define the duration of
the fault.
• To clear the fault, another short-circuit event can
be defined, which will clear the fault in the same
place.
5. Defining Events
• The disturbance initiating the transient is a three-
phase fault occurring near bus 7 at the end of line 5-
7.
• The fault is cleared in five cycles (0.083 s) by 2 7 8
9 3
opening line 5-7.

5 6
Before fault
7.27
During fault
5

4
5. Defining Events
1
8
6
39
38/17
• The disturbance initiating the transient is a three-
phase fault occurring near bus 7 at the end of line 5-
2
7
After fault
5
opening line 5-7.

4
5. Defining Events
1
8
6
39
39/17
• The fault is cleared in five cycles (0.083 s) by
5. Defining Events
• After the simulation has been initiated
Short Circuit Event: bus 7
• Right click the line “Bus7'' and select Define --
>Short-Circuit Event.
5. Defining Events
• After the simulation has been initiated
Short Circuit Event: near bus 7
• Right click the line "Line 5-7'' and select Define --
>Short-Circuit Event.
Zf = 0
c
b
a

5. Defining Events
EvtShc) and open the event dialog.
Bolted fault
42/17
• This will create a new event (short circuit event
- Execution Time = 0.0 s

- Fault Reactance (X) = 0.0 Ohm
- Fault Resistance (R) = 0.0 Ohm
• Edit the new event:
5. Defining Events
- Fault Type = 3-Phase Short-circuit Fault
43/17

5. Defining Events
• The bus dialogue appears.

• Press the Edit button at the Object field ( ).
44/17
Line - Available

5. Defining Events
45/17
• From the bus dialogue appears go to ' RMS-
simulation' page, enable the option Short-Circuit at

5. Defining Events
information is not required.
• RMS-simulation page, in
this
case
46/17
further

5. Defining Events
'Simulation Events' folder ( ).
• They can be accessed and edited
47/17
• Events are saved in the active study case under the
5. Defining Events
Switching Events:
• After clicking again on the icon and then pressing
Execute you are ready to create the switching
events:
• Right-click the top switch at line “Line 5-7' and select
Open, or double-click it.
(EvtSwitch).

6. Defining Events
49/17
• This will create and show a new switch event
-
-
Action = Open

Execution Time = 0.0833 s
5. Defining Events
• Set the following data in the 'Basic Data' page:
50/17
5. Defining Events
• To check the list of the defined events do the following:
• Click on the icon to open the event list.
• Check the events and correct mistakes. If not detailed

information of the events can be seen in the browser,
press the Detailed Mode button ( ).
• Remember that only elements of the same class can be
seen in the detailed mode.

and Variables Sets
Generator rotor speed and power angle
52/17
6. Defining Results Objects
PowerFactory
6.1. Defining Variable Sets
• To produce graphs from the transient simulation, it is
necessary define which variables are to be stored
by the simulation.
• PowerFactory has thousands of possible
variables which could all be stored and analyzed.
• Storing all variables is prohibitive.
• Large number of variables is time consuming and

produce a lot of data and would make it very difficult
to select a variable for displaying its values in a
graph.
• PowerFactory allow select the variables to be
analyzed prior to the simulation.
• To define the variables to be storage Variable Sets
are used.
• So-called Variable Sets are defined for each power
system element that we are interested in.
• To create the “G1'' variable set:
• Freeze the single line diagram ( ).

• Right click generator “G1'' and select Define --
>Variable Set (Sim).
• Right click generator “G1'' and select Define --
>Variable Set (Sim).
• This will lead you to the Results folder, where the

already created variable sets are stored.

Results folder to edit it.
• A Variable Set object dialog will pop up.
56/17
• Double click the icon of the G1 variable set in the

• Select the RMS-simulation page.
57/17

Powers from the Variable Set menu.
58/17
• In the Filter for field select Currents, Voltages and
the right panel

• Press the button
• Select Bus Name = bus1
59/17
to move the selected variable to

• Select the variable:
U:bus1 p.u Voltage, Magnitude
• Select Bus Name = bus1
60/17

P:bus1 MW Reactive Power
• Select the variables:
Q:bus1 Mvar Reactive Power
61/17

• Multi-select the variables
• Select Variable Set = Signals
62/17
Q1
P1
Ut
Phi
Speed
MW
rad
Mvar
p.u.
p.u.

Speed
• Select the variables:
Rotor Angle
Terminal voltage
Positive-sequence, Active Power

Positive-sequence, Reactive Power
63/17

64/17

• Same variables are defined to G2 and G3.
65/17

66/17

Domain Simulations
67/17
7. Reporting Results of Time
PowerFactory
7. Reporting Results
• A virtual instrument is basically a tool for displaying
calculated results.
• The most common use of a Virtual Instrument is to
look at the results of a time-domain simulation like
an EMT or RMS simulation, by defining one or more
plotted curves showing the variables changing with
time.
7.1. Virtual Instrument Display
• The Virtual Instruments display the results of one
or more variables or parameters in various ways
(Plots, Bar Diagrams, Vector Diagrams, etc.).
• Plots show all sorts of time-domain variables
depending on other variables.
• Plots can be used in different ways (subplots,
subplots with two y axis, X-Y plots and FFT

plots).
• In this part of the Example plots are used as
subplots
7.2. Creating a New Virtual Instruments
• A Virtual Instrument called Project will be developed.
• It contain two (2) plots:
– Displaying the rotor speed and
– Displaying the power angle generator G1.
• A new virtual instrument panel can be created by:
1. Selecting the File -> New option on the main menu
and subsequently selecting a Virtual Instrument
Page in the ComNew.
• This will create a new page in the Graphics Board
of the currently active study case.

2. Press the Insert New Graphic' button ( ) on the
Graphics Board toolbar and select Virtual Instrument
Panel.
• Selecting the File -> New option on the main menu
and subsequently selecting a Virtual Instrument
Page in the ComNew.
• This will create a new page in the Graphics Board
of the currently active study case.
Panel.

73/17
Generator
Graphics Board toolbar and select Virtual Instrument
• Press the Insert New Graphic' button ( ) on the
open.

74/17
• The Virtual Instrument Panel called Generator is

• Select Subplot (Visplot) object.
• The following dialog will pop up.
• Click on the Append new VI's ( ) icon.
75/17
2)

Horizontal
76/17
arrangement
• Set the desired number of new subplots (in this case
• Click on the

77/17
you prefer a vertical arrangement use the icon).
icon to arrange the plots by pairs (if

variables to display.
78/17
• Double click on the first empty (or bottom-left)
subplot to open its edit dialog and define the

Element field to select an element.
79/17
• In the Curves field, double click in the empty

variable set, pop up.
80/17
• A data browser, showing the elements with defined

• Double click on the G1 icon to select it
81/17

Variable field to select the variable to display.
82/17
• In the subplot dialog, double click on the empty

83/17
• From the displayed variables list, select s:speed.
the Colour field.

• You can also edit the line style and line width.
84/17
• If you want to change the plot colour, double click on

• If required, use the
the newly defined subplot.
icon to get a better view.
85/17
• Press the Ok button on the edit dialog, to visualize

86/17
• You can change and add new variables to a plot.
7.3. Selecting Variables to Show in a Plot
• We are going to display the speed of generator G2.

• We add two rows.
87/17

88/17

7.4. Creating Plots
89/17

7.4. Creating Plots
90/17

7.4. Creating Plots
angle (phi) of generators.
91/17
• Similar procedure is developed to show the power

Simulations
8. Running Transient
92/17
PowerFactory

• Click on the start (
) icon.
stopping ( ) the transient simulation.
8.1. Running a Transient Simulation
93/17
• The main toolbar shows two icons for starting ( ) and
• Press Execute
• Enter an execution time of 2s.
= 2.00 s
94/17
Execution time

• The simulation is now started.
95/17
events that are processed, when they are processed
• The output window will show messages about the
output windows.

• Initial conditions are calculated
96/17
• Details of the calculation performed are shown in

• Transient simulation:
97/17

9. Results
98/17
PowerFactory
• Plots:
9. Results
Rotor Speed (p.u)
Power Angle (rad)

99/17
9. Results
• Rotor Speed:

100/17
PowerFactory
Preguntas
Ciclo de Preguntas y Respuestas
@fglongatt
Copyright Notice
The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or
copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.
Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any
trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as is” and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the
documents by you.
PowerFactory
Visite:
www.fglongatt.org
@fglongatt
Preguntas y comentarios son bienvenidos

fglongatt@fglongatt.org
Prof Francisco M. View

Gonzalez-Longatt
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PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015 102/17

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Example: P.M. Anderson 9 bus system

Preprint · March 2015

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

This tutorial describes how perform a transient analysis

• The system data can be found in [1].

• Further information can be found in:

Speed 180 rpm 3600 rpm 3600 rpm

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

– Type = Equipment Type Library\G1 8

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Data of the generator G1

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Rated MVA 192.0

Rated MVA 128.0

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Definition of results variables

Definition of output graphs

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

status of connected machines, controllers and other

• Click on the icon to open the initial calculation

In this option the condition

This option enables the

This option allow to

The step size for the output graphs can

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Adjust the values for

In case of several isolated islands,

This option is used to calculate the maximum

This option enables an A-stable numerical

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• PowerFactory offers several kinds of events:

opening line 5-7.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

- Execution Time = 0.0 s

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

- Fault Type = 3-Phase Short-circuit Fault

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• The bus dialogue appears.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• They can be accessed and edited

Open, or double-click it.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• Check the events and correct mistakes. If not detailed

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• Large number of variables is time consuming and

• Freeze the single line diagram ( ).

• This will lead you to the Results folder, where the

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

• A Variable Set object dialog will pop up.

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015

Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | fglongatt@fglongatt.org | Copyright © 2008-2015, Agosto de 2015