Structures Cabling For Telecommunication

PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Structured Cabling For Telecommunication
PTS 14.40.08
November 2014
© 2014 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright
owner. PETRONAS Technical Standards are Company’s internal standards and meant for authorized users only.
PTS 14.40.08
STRUCTURED CABLING FOR TELECOMMUNICATION November 2014
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FOREWORD
PETRONAS Technical Standards (PTS) has been developed based on the accumulated knowledge,
experience and best practices of the PETRONAS group supplementing National and International
standards where appropriate. The key objective of PTS is to ensure standard technical practice across
the PETRONAS group.
Compliance to PTS is compulsory for PETRONAS-operated facilities and Joint Ventures (JVs) where
PETRONAS has more than fifty percent (50%) shareholding and/or operational control, and includes all
phases of work activities.
Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers who use PTS are solely responsible in ensuring the quality of work,
goods and services meet the required design and engineering standards. In the case where specific
requirements are not covered in the PTS, it is the responsibility of the Contractors / manufacturers /
suppliers to propose other proven or internationally established standards or practices of the same level
of quality and integrity as reflected in the PTS.
In issuing and making the PTS available, PETRONAS is not making any warranty on the accuracy or
completeness of the information contained in PTS. The Contractors/manufacturers/suppliers shall
ensure accuracy and completeness of the PTS used for the intended design and engineering requirement
and shall inform the Owner for any conflicting requirement with other international codes and technical
standards before start of any work.
PETRONAS is the sole copyright holder of PTS. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in
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ANNOUNCEMENT
Please be informed that the entire PTS inventory is currently undergoing transformation exercise from
2013 - 2015 which includes revision to numbering system, format and content. As part of this change,
the PTS numbering system has been revised to 6-digit numbers and drawings, forms and requisition to
7-digit numbers. All newly revised PTS will adopt this new numbering system, and where required make
reference to other PTS in its revised numbering to ensure consistency. Users are requested to refer to
PTS 00.01.01 (Index to PTS) for mapping between old and revised PTS numbers for clarity. For further
inquiries, contact PTS administrator at ptshelpdesk@petronas.com.my
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Table Of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5
1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................5
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM ...........................................................................................................5
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ....................................................................................................9
2.0 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 10
2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN ............................................................................................................. 10
2.2 WORK AREA ..................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 HORIZONTAL CABLING..................................................................................................... 17
2.4 TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM/CLOSET .......................................................................... 23
2.5 BUILDING ENTRANCE....................................................................................................... 28
2.6 INTRA-BUILDING BACKBONE ........................................................................................... 29
2.7 INTER-BUILDING BACKBONE ........................................................................................... 33
2.8 EQUIPMENT ROOM ......................................................................................................... 33
2.9 TCP/IP BASED STRUCTURED CABLING ............................................................................. 35
3.0 INSTALLATION AND TESTING.................................................................................. 37
3.1 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 37
3.2 BUILDING GROUNDING AND BONDING REQUIREMENT (ANSI/TIA/EIA-607) ................. 38
3.3 TESTING REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................. 38
3.4 LABELLING........................................................................................................................ 48
3.5 AS BUILT DELIVERABLES .................................................................................................. 49
3.6 ACCEPTANCE.................................................................................................................... 50
4.0 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 51
4.1 CABLE SPECIFICATION...................................................................................................... 51
4.2 ACCESSORIES SPECIFICATION .......................................................................................... 52
5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................... 53
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
This PTS specifies requirements and gives recommendations for design, material, installation,
testing and commissioning for structured cabling of LAN and voice (IP-PABX) system for
Greenfields and Brownfields projects. This PTS incorporates PETRONAS lesson learnt and best
practices.
This PTS is primarily intended for use in oil and gas production facilities including oil refineries,
chemical plants, gas plants and supply/marketing installations.
This PTS is applicable to both Upstream and Downstream.
1.1 SCOPE
1.1.1 This PTS covers LAN and IP-PABX system for plant and administration building.
1.1.2 This PTS excludes building security, electricity, and telemetry requirements.
1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM
1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations
Refer to PTS Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading Guide PTS
00.01.03 for General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations.
1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms
No Term Description
1 Cable outlet A fixed socket in a work area (office) where a

horizontal cable terminates, typically serving a
single user and a single piece of equipment (PC
or telephone).
2 Cross-connect A facility for the interconnection and

termination of cabling.
3 Faceplate The cosmetic flat assembly which covers the

outlet box, usually located within the office or
work area.
4 Faceplate blank A solid faceplate used to cover an outlet box

when no cable outlet is installed
5 Hub Active equipment which provides connectivity

between a user's device and the LAN. The hub is
situated in a central location on a floor
connecting to the horizontal cables.
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No Term Description
6 Multimode fibre Usually powered by light emitting diodes.

62.5/125 micrometre means "core" is 62.5
micrometres (where the light travels), and the
cladding is 125 micrometres (refractive glass to
enclose light within transparent core and
support the brittle core). EIA/TIA standards
recommend distances less than 2 km.
7 Outlet box A hollow receptacle, buried in a wall or floor.

The outlet box receives conduits, encloses the
cable outlet, and is covered by a faceplate.
8 Patch panel A cross-connect system of mateable connectors

that facilitates easy administration.
9 Plenum A building space where environmental air

moves but cables are allowed, for example a
suspended ceiling.
10 Pull Box An accessible box mounted in the path of a

conduit which can be opened to access the
cables within the conduit. The pull box is used to
pull cables through length(s) of conduit.
11 Service Core The part of the building carrying the services

between floors and usually offering main
structural support. The service core is usually in
the centre of the floor and provides elevators,
toilets, HVAC equipment, and electrical services.
12 Single Mode Fibre Finer specifications than multimode (usually

8.3/125 micrometre) and currently more
expensive. Single mode constrains the light
"path", and is powered by lasers. EIA/TIA
standards recommend distances less than 10
km.
13 Sleeve A usually circular opening through a wall, floor

or ceiling to allow the passage of cables and
wires.
A usually rectangular opening through a wall,
14 Slot floor or ceiling to allow the passage of cables
and wires. Slots are not permitted (see 2.5)
15 Systimax Lucent trademark for their cabling system

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No Term Description
16 Work Area An office or space within a building where the

occupants use computer and communication
equipment. In an office building, this would be
the office or desk area.
17 Work Area Cable Extension cable running from the work area
telecommunications outlet to the user
equipment (telephone or PC).
Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms
1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations
No Abbreviations Description
1 ACR Attenuation Cross-talk Ratio.
2 ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Cell Relay).

Telecommunications transmission technology,
based on fixed length cells, scalable from less
than 25 Mbps to 622 Mbps and above.
3 AWG American Wire Gauge measurement standard.
4 BFOC/2.5 Fibre optic cable connector, also known as an ST

connector
5 EIA Electronic Industry Association (see Appendix

1).
6 EMI Electromagnetic Interference
7 FDDI Fibre Distributed Data Interface LAN running at

100 Mbps over multimode fibre optic cable.
8 FOIRL Fibre Optic Inter Repeater Link standard for

connecting devices such as hubs over fibre.
9 HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
10 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(see Appendix 1).
11 ISDN Integrated Services for Digital Networks

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12 IT Information Technology. Refers either to a

department providing computing services to the
facilities, or to the discipline relating to
computer and information technologies.
13 LAN Local Area Network, a data communications

system, with moderate to high data rates.
Recently, the LAN has become the fundamental
backbone of the entire IT infrastructure.
14 LDC Local Distribution Centre - secondary wiring

closet on a large area floor, where a single closet
does not permit 90 m cable lengths
15 Mbps Mega (million) bits per second transmission

speed.
16 MDF Main Distribution Frame - telephony term for

the main building cross- connect panel,
terminating external cabling, riser cabling, and
IP-PABX cabling in a common location.
17 NEXT Near-end Cross Talk, a measure of how much

signal cross-couples between receive and
transmit pairs.
18 NIDP Network Interface Demarcation Point.

Telephony term for interface between private
network and the public network.
19 NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation.
20 IP-PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange. Also called

IP-IP-PABX (Private Branch Exchange) or CBX
(Computerised Branch Exchange). This is a
private telephone switch serving many
telephone handsets and limited access trunks to
the carrier, and often adding functions like voice
mail, inter- IP-PABX routing, speed dialing, etc.
21 PC Personal Computer
22 PVC Polyvinylchloride, a material used for cable

insulation. PVC is flammable and emits toxic
fumes when in a fire.
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23 RJ45 EIA/TIA and ISO standard 8-pin modular

connector.
24 ST Connector Fibre optic cable connector, also known in

EIA/TIA standards as BF0C/2.5
25 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer, device that

measures cable length and the distance to faults
26 TIA Telecommunications Industry Association,

closely affiliated with EIA for cabling standards.
27 TSB Technical Systems Bulletin, update to the

EIA/TIA standards providing additional
specifications
28 UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair cable (usually 4 pairs)

without metal shielding.
29 WAN Wide Area Network

IEEE 802.3 and ISO/IEC 8802-3 (Ethernet) LAN
30 10BaseT standard for UTP cables
31 10BaseFX Set of IEEE 802.3 and ISO/IEC 8802-3 (Ethernet)

LAN standards for fibre optic cables.
32 568SC Fibre optic cable connector, also known as a

FDDI connector.
Table 2: Specific Abbreviations
1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 14.40.08 replaces PTS 32.71.00.30 (February, 2011).
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2.0 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
The structured cabling systems shall be designed based on the following principles:
i. Systems to meet design basis of the facilities and environmental requirement for
the plant or work area.
ii. The structured cabling design shall be highly reliable with maximum availability and
it shall be designed with redundant cables and routing
iii. The design shall cater for scalability and expendability of the telecommunication
networks.
iv. The design shall utilize proven durable and resilient and technologies with low
maintenance components and systems with self-diagnostic features incorporating
redundancy systems where applicable to ensure reliability.
2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN
2.1.1 The design shall meet the technical performance criteria of IEEE 802.3/ISO/IEC 8802-3, IEEE
802.5 / ISO/IEC 8802-5, FDDI, and ATM. The intent is to provide flexibility to add outlets, cable
and fibre to the desktop; add cable to the backbone; and to change technologies and
configurations.
2.1.2 Design shall cover material selection, routing, installation and testing of cables, faceplates,
termination connectors, conduit, cable trays and associated hardware. Design also includes
electrical grounding integrity, cross-connects, patch panels, equipment racks and labelling
material.
2.1.3 A number of standardized smaller elements within the overall system called subsystems make
up the structured cabling system in building or campus that consists of seven (7) main
subsystems:
i. Work Area Components - Connect end-user equipment to outlets of the horizontal
cabling system.
ii. Horizontal Cabling - Cable which connects telecommunications rooms to individual

outlets on the floor.
iii. Telecommunications Room or Closet - House telecommunication equipment

which connects the intra building backbone and the horizontal cabling subsystems.
iv. Building Entrance Facilities – Interface between the building and the outside world.
v. Intra Building Backbone – Cable which connects between the entrance facilities,
equipment rooms and telecommunications rooms. Sometime known as Intra
Building Backbone
vi. Equipment Room - House the equipment used to serve the users inside the
building.
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vii. Inter Building backbone
2.1.4 Network and OSI Layer Model

A network is a collection of terminal nodes, links and any intermediate nodes which are connected
so as to enable telecommunication between the terminals. The transmission links connect the
nodes together. The nodes use circuit switching, message switching or packet switching to pass
the signal through the correct links and nodes to reach the correct destination terminal.
Each terminal in the network usually has a unique address so messages or connections can be
routed to the correct recipients. The collection of addresses in the network is called the address
space.
Network is used extensively throughout the world to connect individuals and organizations. Data
networks can be connected to allow users seamless access to resources that are hosted outside of
the particular provider they are connected to. The Internet is the best example of many data
networks from different organizations all operating under a single address space.
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a way of sub-dividing a communications
system into smaller parts called layers. A layer is a collection of conceptually similar functions that
provide services to the layer above it and receives services from the layer below it. On each layer
an instance provides services to the instances at the layer above and requests service from the
layer below.
OSI MODEL
Layers Data Unit Layer Function
Host Data 7. Application Network process to application
Layers
6. Presentation Data representation, encryption and decryption
5. Session Inter host communication
Segments 4. Transport End-to-end connections and reliability. Flow control
Media Packet 3. Network Path determination and logical addressing
Layers
Frame 2. Data Link Physical addressing
Bit 1. Physical Media, signal and binary transmission
Table 3: The Telecommunication OSI Model Layer
Cable structuring is under Physical Layer while communication protocols such as IP protocol is
under Protocol (Network) Layer.
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Structured Cabling For Telecommunications November 2014
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2.1.5 UTP, STP and Optical Fibre Cabling Standards

Table below shows the Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cabling
category widely used in cabling design recognized by TIA/EIA and other standards.
Cable Category Remarks

Category 1 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Previously used for POTS
telephone communications, ISDN and doorbell wiring.
Category 2 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Previously was frequently used on
4 Mbit/s token ring networks.
Category 3 Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B, used for data networks using
frequencies up to 16 MHz. Historically popular for 10 Mbit/s Ethernet
networks.
Category 4 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Defined up to 20 MHz, and was
frequently used on 16 Mbit/s token ring networks
Category 5 Currently unrecognized by TIA/EIA. Defined up to 100 MHz, and was
frequently used on 100 Mbit/s Ethernet networks. May be unsuitable
for 1000BASE-T gigabit ethernet.
Category 5e Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Defined up to 100 MHz, and is
frequently used for both 100 Mbit/s and 1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet
networks.
Category 6 Currently defined in TIA/EIA-568-B. Defined up to 250 MHz, more
than double category 5 and 5e.
Category 6a Currently defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10 and Amendment 1 and
2 of ISO/IEC 11801. Defined up to 500 MHz, nearly double that of
category 6. Suitable for 10GBASE-T.
Category 7 Currently defined in ISO/IEC 11801 Class F cabling. Defined up to 600
MHz. This standard specifies four individually-shielded pairs (S/FTP)
inside an overall shield.
Category 7a Currently defined in Amendment 1 and 2 of ISO/IEC 11801 Class FA
cabling. Defined up to 1,000 MHz. Cable constructions is S/FTP
Category 8.1 Telephone, CATV, 1000BASE-TX in the same cable.40GBASE-
T Ethernet. Currently under development.
Category 8.2 Telephone, CATV, 1000BASE-TX in the same cable.40GBASE-
T Ethernet. Currently under development.
Table 4: UTP and STP Cable Category
Fibre optic cabling is the second type of network data cabling and wiring system. This data
wiring solution features a thin glass core that transmits laser light pulses. The benefit of Fibre
optic data cabling is that it allows communication signals to be transmitted much faster, at a
higher bandwidth and over much greater distances than copper data cabling systems. Because
light is transmitted at a much higher frequency, fibre optic data cabling offers greater signal
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capacity. Compared to copper cabling, fibre optic cabling is smaller in size and is also impervious
to interference, with a much lower transmission loss.
ITU-T – G.650 Series Description

G.650 Definition and test methods for the relevant parameters of
single-mode fibres
G.651 Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index
optical fibre cable
G.652 Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre cable
G.653 Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted single-mode optical
fibre cable
G.654 Characteristics of a cut-off shifted single-mode optical fibre
cable
G.655 Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion shifted single-mode
optical fibre cable
G.scl Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion
for broadband optical transport
Table 5: ITU-T Standards - G.650 Series
Type of Optical Fibre:
i. Standard Single Mode Fibre (SSMF) – ITU-T G.652
ii. Multimode Fibre (MMF) - ITU-T G.651.1
iii. Non Zero Dispersion Shifted Fibre (NZDSF) - ITU-T G.655
iv. Dispersion Shifted Fibre (DSF) - ITU-T G.653
v. Dispersion Compensating Fibre (DCF) – Not in transmission fibre class

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2.1.6 Cabling Structure

Figure 1 below shows the major component of cabling infrastructure in a typical office building
consists of main and secondary buildings.
Figure 1: Cabling Infrastructure Major Components

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2.1.7 Cabling Topology

Figure 2 shows the topology of cabling between 2 main building (Main building and Secondary
building). The topology shall be in the form of a hierarchical star in all parts of the infrastructure
(horizontal, intra-building, and inter-building)
For cross-connects in the backbone cabling there shall be no more than two hierarchical levels.
Figure 2: Hierarchical Star Topology
Note: It is recommended to use a single mode fibre cable since it has superior performance and bandwidth, cost difference is
insignificant as more demand for single mode fibre.
2.2 WORK AREA
2.2.1 The work area is where the horizontal cable terminates at the wall outlet (telecommunications
outlet). In the work area, the users and telecommunications equipment connect to the structured-
cabling infrastructure. The work area begins at the telecommunications area and includes
components such as the following:
i. Patch cables, modular cords, fibre jumpers, adapter cables, communication outlets
(wallboxes and faceplates), wiring, and connectors
ii. Adapters such as BALUNS and other devices that modify the signal or impedance of
the cable (These devices must be external to the information outlet).
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iii. Station equipment such as computers, telephones, fax machines, data terminals, and
modems
Many installations are site-specific. Technical Authority shall specify the following:
i. cable outlet location and mounting methods (such as wall or floor mount)
ii. faceplate design, colour and the quantity per office or "zone”.
At each wall plate, there shall be two minimum outlets -one for voice and one for data. However,
this traditional requirement is not applicable for the IP standard connection which both outlets can
be for data.
Figure 3: An Ortronics TracJack faceplate configured with UTP and audio/visual modular outlets
Horizontal cables termination within furniture is not allowed, instead only work area cables shall be
used. Normally, wall mount outlets will be used. However, for open office areas, utility columns shall
be used.
A minimum of one associated power outlet shall be prepared for each work area cable outlet. Power
outlets shall be mounted near to and at the same height as the cable outlet when installed in new
building and where possible in old buildings. Electrical power outlets shall separately be terminated
from the communications cable outlet.
The minimum size of cable outlet boxes shall be 50 mm wide, 75 mm high and 64 mm deep.
Cable outlet boxes shall be securely mounted and adhesive fixing is not acceptable.
The installed faceplates shall be flush, vertical, and square to the wall panels. A mock-up outlet
boxes shall be tested for ease of installation and termination. Some products do not provide
tolerance for any box mis-alignments.
5 cm shall be maintained as a minimum separation between the faceplate and the floor, corner, or
ceiling.
ISDN-standard 8-pin modular (RJ45) connectors, Enhanced Category 5 compliant (T568A jacks) or
latest compatible T568B shall be used for all UTP cable termination. Contractor shall ensure any
existing IP-PABX and handsets are adaptable to T568A jacks or by using external adapters.
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To ensure that all conductors are properly seated in connectors, proper tools such as punch-down
designed for the cable and connectors shall be used.
Any adapters used shall be an external type.
Blank faceplate shall be used to cover any unused outlet boxes and labelled "For
Telecommunications Use".
Dust cover shall be provided to protect all edge connector assemblies

Cables outlets in harsh environments shall be enclosed in a protective case to protect against
impact, spills and the ingress of moisture.
2.3 HORIZONTAL CABLING
2.3.1 As specified by ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B, horizontal cabling is the cabling that extends from
telecommunications rooms to the work area and terminates in telecommunications outlets
(information outlets or wall plates). Horizontal cabling includes the following:
i. Cable from the patch panel to the work area
ii. Telecommunications outlets
iii. Cable terminations
iv. Cross-connections (where permitted)
v. A maximum of one transition point

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Figure 4: Horizontal cabling in a star topology from the telecommunications room
2.3.2 Distribution method

i. The floor space is normally designed and partitioned into zone, normally in square
shape, and each zone shall not exceed 90 m2 area of coverage. Cable tray or conduit
shall be used to carry the horizontal cable from the Telecommunications Room/Closet
to the centre of the zone. Cabling from centre of zone to the Work Area outlet shall
use separate individual cables.
ii. There are various methods to distribute cables from the Work Area to the
Telecommunications Room/Closets. Preferred method from the following alternatives
should be identified by the Technical Authority for implementation. By default, zoned
conduit method shall be used.
a) Zoned conduit
The ceiling space is divided into areas (zones) for the cables. One conduit shall
run from the closet to a zone box in the centre of the area. Individual cables
shall run to each work area through the zone box.
b) Raceways (open or closed metal trays)
It shall be suspended in the ceiling area. Large header raceways shall bring
cables into the area. Lateral raceways branch off the header raceways to
provide services to the work area. Cables shall then run into utility columns
or partition walls through short lengths of conduit.
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c) Raised floor
A false floor shall be installed above the structure floor. Cables shall be routed
below the false floor, and enter the work area through floor mounted outlets.
d) Other methods
Floor trench, embedded zoned conduit within the structure and cellular
floors.
iii. In designing the distribution system, provision to support future cable density of six
(6) outlets per work area shall be included. The initial installation capacity for
horizontal conduit sizing and cable trays shall be doubled. As the rule of thumb,
assume 10 m2 per work area.
iv. Fill limits of the conduit shall not be exceeded.
v. For ceiling cable entry, conduit shall be used within the wall from each individual
outlet box to the top of the wall. The conduit shall be designed to accommodate six
outlets per work area and engineered to support Cat 5, 6, 7 UTP, ScTP (Screened
Twisted Pair) and their classes as well as multimode fibre optic cabling. For cables
running vertically along pillars, other trunking hardware shall be used.
vi. Material of conduit shall be of electrical metallic tubing, rigid metal conduit or rigid
PVC. Secured mechanical fixture, not adhesive shall be used for attachment of conduit
to wall. No flexible metal conduit shall be used.
vii. Lock-in type ceiling tiles, drywall/plaster or any inaccessible ceiling areas shall not be
used as distribution pathways. All cable trays and conduit shall be concealed within
wall and ceiling space if possible.
viii. Size of the cable tray shall be based on the number of cable installed and the weight
loading, with allowance for maximum density. A minimum area of 650 mm2 cross-
sectional area of tray per 10 m2 of usable floor space shall be provided.
ix. To minimise cost and distance, trays and conduit shall take as direct route as possible
within the guidelines of TIA-569-B. Where possible for ease of access, routing shall be
along corridors.
x. The design of the conduit from the Telecommunications Closet to each zone box shall
be able to accommodate minimum 60 outlets. Ease of pulling shall be considered for
future cable expansion within the partially full conduit. It is recommended to install
two conduits (one is "spare" and used only when the other is "full"). Conduit size shall
be minimum of 5cm diameter.
xi. For long and indirect conduit run, and/or conduit with more than two 90° bends,
longer than 30 m, or having a reverse bend, it is required to install pull boxes. It shall
be placed in a straight section of conduit and not used in place of a bend, and the
corresponding conduit ends should be aligned with each other.
xii. Within each conduit, a pull string shall be installed and left for future use. To replace
any pull strings used.
xiii. An open construction type cable trays such as ladder construction or U- shaped shall
be used. All parts of the cable tray shall be joined together. All cable run shall be
provided with supports. Cable trays shall be supported by metal hangers and bonded
to ground.
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xiv. Adjacent hangers used on straight runs shall be spaced maximum 1.5m apart. Both
sides of cable tray with bends shall be supported by hangers.
xv. Hangers shall be used to support all junctions. Cable trays shall not be permitted to
move relative to each other. Burrs, sharp edges or projections inside a cable tray shall
be removed.
Figure 5: A runway system used to suspend cables overhead
2.3.3 Cabling and Length Requirement

i. For each outlet, one (1) Enhanced Category 5, 6, 7 and its classes, 4-pair 100 Ω UTP or
ScTP cable or 2 fibre (duplex) 62.5/125μm or 50/125μm shall be terminated.
ii. Except for IP-based network, voice and data shall not share the same cable
concurrently.
iii. Independent of media type, the horizontal distance from the Telecommunication
Closet to the Communication Outlets shall be maximum for 90 meters (295 feet). An
additional 6 meters (20 feet) is allowed for patch cables at the telecommunication
closet and at the workstation, but the combined length cannot exceed 10 meters (33
feet).
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iv. Additional cable shall be prepared and coiled for future cable moves and to minimize
cable strain. The length of the extra cable coiled shall me minimum of 4 m unless this
creates a run longer than 90 m. The coil of extra cable shall be fastened to the under-
slab of the floor above.
v. Cable in ceiling voids shall be suspended without conduit or trays from the zone box
or cable tray to the top of the wall conduit, if permitted. Cables shall be supported by
hanging cable supports no more than 1.5 m apart.
vi. Cable shall not be stretched.
Figure 6: Cable Lengths
i. There shall not be any kinks, bends or cuts during or after installation.
ii. During installation, all cables shall be laid and handled in accordance with
Manufacturer's technical, mechanical, or environmental instructions such as for
bending radius or allowable pull tension.
iii. To avoid cable from dislodge from cable tray, cables shall be run in bundles and
fastened to the trays at regular intervals. All cables shall not be bound together, but
shall be individually fastened to the tray.
iv. To eliminate mechanical stress or strain, cable shall be appropriately supported.
v. To ensure protection from fire and other outside damage, cable shall be contained
within conduit.
vi. When binding cables together or fixing to cable trays, method used shall not crimp or
damage the cables. The installed cables shall be accessible and easily removed if
necessary.
vii. Cable bend radius shall be not less than 8 times the cable diameter.
viii. Conduit bend radius shall be 6 times the internal diameter (10 times for conduit
greater than 50 mm)
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ix. Telecommunication cables shall not run in parallel with electrical cables for more than
50m length. Following EIA/TIA standards, cables shall maintain separation from
electrical cables and electrical appliances (as per table extracted from TIA-569-B
standard). In addition, cables shall be located at least 30 cm from adjacent runs of
standard 110 volt AC or 230 volt AC power lines, power buses and AC voltage
transformers.
<2 kVA 2-5 kVA >5 kVA

Condition
Electrical equipment or Unshielded power lines 305 mm 610 mm
in proximity to open or non- metal pathways 127 mm
Electrical equipment or Unshielded power lines

in proximity to a grounded metal conduit 64 mm 152 mm 305 mm
pathway
Power lines enclosed in a grounded metal
conduit (or equivalent shielding) in proximity 76 mm 152 mm
to a grounded metal conduit pathway
Table 6: Cable Separation from the High Power Lines
NOTE: Within the countries of the European Union, the spacing requirements of EN 50174 (Cabling System Installation) should be
followed.
x. Both cable end points at telecommunication closet and outlet, including floor-
mounted outlets shall be on the same floor. Exception is given for small buildings with
a maximum of 2 floors and 100 outlets.
xi. There shall not be any intermediate terminations, connectors, bridged taps or splices
within cables run from the closet to outlet. Intermediate cross-connects shall not be
used as a point of administration. No active equipment shall be located at
intermediate cross-connect point.
xii. Cable shall avoid extreme hot or cold heat sources. This extreme temperature could
lower the bandwidth/capacity as a result of increase in temperature, e.g. an
additional 4% of attenuation is present for each 100C increase in temperature. It is
even more susceptible for cables with PVC jacket.
xiii. As a safety margin, additional 6dB attenuation shall be added during acceptance
testing measurement for cables run along outside walls or through potentially hot
ceilings.
xiv. Fire code requirements shall be complied in accordance to building construction

codes and local, provincial, state or federal building or fire codes for the
design/installation of plenum return, free air or conduit.
xv. In order to maintain the electrical characteristics necessary for high speed data
communications as specified in the ISO/IEC 11801 specifications, the UTP insulation
and twists shall be kept intact to the termination point. Twists at the connectors shall
not be more than 13 mm. All cables shall be terminated including the spares.
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Bandwidth Category 5e Category 6
Bandwidth at 20 0C 115 MHz 200 MHz

Table 7: Cable Categories and Temperature Effects on Performance
2.4 TELECOMMUNICATION ROOM/CLOSET
2.4.1 The telecommunications closet (along with equipment rooms, generally referred to as wiring
closets) is the location within a building where cabling components such as cross-connects and
patch panels are located. These closets are where the horizontal structured cabling originates.
Horizontal cabling is terminated in patch panels or termination blocks and then uses horizontal
pathways to reach work areas. The telecommunications closet may also contain networking
equipment such as LAN hubs, switches, routers, and repeaters. Backbone-cabling equipment
rooms terminate in the telecommunications closet.
2.4.2 In a multistory building, it shall have at least one telecommunications closet per floor. If the
distances between end devices and telecommunications room approach the recommended
maximum limits (90 meters), the design shall consider implementing additional
telecommunications closets.
2.4.3 Numbers of telecommunication closet allowed in each floors shall not be limited. Depending on
the floor plan, some floors in multistory office buildings may have multiple telecommunication
closets. The closet may be connected to an equipment room if they are co-located the same floor.
2.4.4 It shall also serves as a termination point for the horizontal cabling system of a network, the point
of circuit administration and contains the network's distribution panels, cross-connects and
backbone.
2.4.5 In telecommunication closet, auxiliary power supplies for workstation equipment may also be
installed.
2.4.6 Telecommunication Closet Construction

i. The telecommunication closet must be dedicated to telecommunications functions.
ii. Equipment not related to telecommunications shall not be installed in or enter the
telecommunications room.
iii. Multiple closets on the same floor shall be interconnected by a minimum of one 78(3)
(3-inch or 78-mm opening) trade-size conduit or equivalent pathway.
iv. The number, size and location of closets shall meet requirements of the ISO or EIA/TIA
specifications and shall be approved by the Technical Authority.
v. In general, one telecommunications closet shall be provided for each floor, at least 1
closet for every 1000 m2 of floor space (or part thereof), whichever is greater.
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vi. Additional closets may be required to meet cable distance specifications especially
for large floor areas, cable distances, obstacles, congestion or building shape.
Anyhow, the number of such closets shall be minimised.
Number of Workstation Estimated Equipment-Room Floor Space

1 to 100 14 m2
101 to 400 38 m2
401 to 800 75 m2
801 to 1,200 112 m2
Table 8: Estimated Square-Foot Requirements Based on the Number of Workstations
vii. To minimize the horizontal cable length, each closet shall be centrally located with
respect to the work area of each floor. It also should be located nearby the building
service core i.e. to facilitate vertical riser cabling. If space within the service core is
limited, an alternative location that adjacent to the service core shall be selected.
Vertical cabling shall use the service core in all cases, to avoid using riser shafts in the
occupied portion of building.
Figure 7: Telecommunications Closet Locations
viii. For continuity of riser cabling sleeves, an overlap of minimum 30 cm by 45 cm to

vertically aligned the telecommunications closets.
ix. The minimum telecommunication closet floor area shall not be less than 10 m2, and
for every 250 m2 shall proportionately serve by 1 m2 of telecommunication closet
floor area. The minimum height shall be 2.6 m. For mounting the hardware, two
continuous walls of approximately 1.5 m in horizontal length shall be provided.
x. Design of the closet shall include housing of network electronics, such as LAN hubs,
terminal servers, controllers, gateways, routers, bridges, and power conditioners. It
shall allow easy addition of network topology, or changes to networking equipment.
xi. Closets should be located inside a secured building area, but outside the separately
secured user floor areas and accessible without disrupting work.
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i. There shall be a minimum of two dedicated 120V 20A nominal, non-switched, AC

duplex electrical-outlet receptacles, each on separate branch circuits
ii. Additional convenience duplex outlets shall be placed at 1.8-meter (6-foot) intervals
around the perimeter, 150 mm (6 inches) above the floor.
iii. There shall be access to the telecommunications grounding system, as specified by

ANSI/TIA/EIA-607.
iv. The wiring closet shall be located near the center of the area being served.
v. Horizontal pathways shall terminate in the telecommunications room on the same

floor as the area served.
vi. Lighting shall be a minimum of 500 lux and mounted 2.6 m (8.5 feet) above the floor.
vii. False ceilings shall not be provided.
viii. There shall be a minimum door size of 910 mm (36 inches) wide and 2,000 mm (80
inches) high without sill, hinged to open outward or slide side-to-side or be
removable, and it shall be fitted with a lock.
Figure 8: Communications Closet Side View

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Figure 9: Telecommunications Closet Top View
ix. Telecommunications closets shall be classified as restricted access areas. The doors
shall be secured by a locking device. Locks shall engage automatically when the door
is closed but shall be able to be opened from the inside. The door should have a
warning sign reading "Warning - Qualified Personnel Only". Windows should be
avoided.
x. HVAC requirements to maintain an ambient temperature of 20-25 °C shall be met for

24 hours/day and 7 days/week continuous operation. A positive pressure shall be
maintained with a minimum of one air change per hour or per code. The heat load
dissipation of the closet shall be calculated for accurate HVAC size determination. A
simple grill in the ceiling space should be adequate, depending on air flow.
xi. Fire protection shall be provided as required by fire regulations. Sprinkler heads shall
be fitted with wire cages to prevent accidental operation.
xii. The lighting luminaire level shall be minimum of 540 lux measured 1 m above floor
level. Overhead fluorescent lighting shall be provided in the closet mounted 2.6 m
above the floor. Closet emergency lighting shall be provided.
xiii. Electrical riser and electrical distribution rooms shall be separated from
Telecommunications closet
xiv. The closet floor shall be designed to support at least a load of 2.4 kPa. Building
owner shall validate total equipment weight that exceed the maximum floor loading.
2.4.7 Cabling
i. To carry cable from riser and horizontal entrances to the cross-connect panels and
distribution panels, overhead cable trays shall be installed. The cable trays shall be
2.13m from the floor level the least.
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ii. For every 100 outlets (or part thereof), one 19 inch EIA rack or equipment cabinet
shall be installed in each closet. A minimum of two cabinets or racks shall be provided.
The racks shall be kept away at least 1.0 m from any electrically exposed equipment,
and it shall be secured to the floor. It shall be accessible from the rear and sides of
the racks. Extractor fans shall be mounted on the top of the cabinet with intake grills
at the bottom for enclosed cabinets.
Figure 10: Example of equipment cabinet

iii. For the power supply, a minimum of three dedicated separately wired 15A, 230 Volt
AC duplex electrical outlets, or equivalent depending on country, shall be provided.
These shall be mounted on the standard 19 inch racks. A dedicated power panel shall
be installed to serve the closet.
iv. A separate building electrical ground bus for telecommunications shall be provided to
ground cable racks, cabinets, cross-connect frame, and provide a
Telecommunications Functional Earth for IP-PABX and telephone instruments. The
ground bus should be bonded to the building telecommunications grounding
electrode. The grounding bus from each riser closet shall be extended to each satellite
closet. All electrical grounding wire should be no less than 4 mm (6 AWG) solid
annealed copper wire and shall be capable of connecting multiple bonds.
v. Equipment racks shall be grounded. Suitable earthing strap shall be used to ground
any separate removable parts such as doors.
vi. To maintain the closet fire rating and the heating and cooling design, all wall and riser
penetrations into telecommunications closets shall be fire resistant.
vii. Voice and data interconnection equipment shall be separated.
viii. Voice and data cables shall be terminated in different cross-connect panels.
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ix. Patch panels location shall allow ease of access, shortest patch cables routes, and best
installation practice for connection to active equipment.
x. The specification for cabling handling shall be as per (2.3) and termination
specifications shall be as per (2.2).
2.5 BUILDING ENTRANCE
2.5.1 The entrance facility (building entrance) defined by ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B specifies the point in the
building where cabling interfaces with the outside world. All external cabling (campus backbone,
inter-building, antennae pathways, and telecommunications provider) should enter the building
and terminate in a single point. Telecommunications carriers are usually required to terminate
within 50 feet of a building entrance. The physical requirements of the interface equipment are
defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A, the Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications
Pathways and Spaces. The specification covers telecommunications closet design and cable
pathways.
2.5.2 ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A recommends a dedicated entrance facility for buildings with more than 20,000
usable square feet. If the building has more than 70,000 usable square feet, ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A
requires a dedicated, locked room with plywood termination fields on two walls. The
ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A Standard also specifies recommendations for the amount of plywood
termination fields, based on the building’s square footage
2.5.3 The entrance facility may share space with the equipment room, if necessary or possible.
Telephone companies often refer to the entrance facility as the demarcation point. Some entrance
facilities also house telephone or IP-PABX (private branch exchange) equipment. Figure below
shows an example of an entrance facility
Figure 11: Entrance Facility

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2.5.4 The key criteria for Building Entrance Terminal are:-
i. The Building Entrance terminal unit can be an indoor, outdoor unit or

integrated indoor/outdoor unit.
ii. Shall be Lockable Metal Enclosed to provide high density primary protection
at commercial demarcation.
iii. Equipped with protection devices safeguard valuable cable plant and equipment from
voltage surges and spikes
iv. Compact, lightweight and full stackable
v. Instruction shall be available and the template and mounting hardware included to
mount the terminal directly to wall
vi. Knowing the terminal dimension is essential with number of pair for indoor, outdoor
or integrated unit
vii. Operating and storage temperature must be suitable and sustainable with
surrounding environment and terminal’s internal equipment
2.6 INTRA-BUILDING BACKBONE
2.6.1 Backbone cabling is necessary to connect entrance facilities, equipment rooms, and
telecommunications rooms. Backbone cabling consists of not only the cables that connect the
telecommunication rooms, equipment rooms, and building entrance but also the cross-connect
cables, mechanical terminations, or patch cords used for backbone-to-backbone cross-connection.
2.6.2 Backbone cabling includes:
i. Cabling between equipment rooms and building-entrance facilities
ii. In a campus environment, cabling between buildings’ entrance facilities
iii. Vertical connections between floors

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2.6.3 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B specifies additional design requirements for backbone cabling, some of which
carry specific stipulations, as follows:
i. Grounding should meet the requirements as defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA-607, the

Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommunications.
ii. Care must be taken when running backbone cables to avoid sources of
electromagnetic interference or radio-frequency interference.
iii. No more than two hierarchical levels of cross-connects are allowed, and the topology
of backbone cable will be a star topology. (A star topology is one in which all cables
lead from their termination points back to a central location.)
iv. Each horizontal cross-connect should be connected directly to a main cross-connect

or to an intermediate cross-connect that then connects to a main cross-connect. No
more than one cross-connect can exist between a main cross-connect and a
horizontal cross-connect. Figure 12 shows multiple levels of equipment rooms and
telecommunications rooms.
Figure 12: Star topology of equipment room and telecommunication rooms connected via backbone
cabling
viii. Equipment connections to the backbone should be made with cable lengths of less
than 30 m.
ix. For high-speed data applications, the total maximum backbone distance should not
exceed
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x. 90 m over copper wiring. This distance is for uninterrupted lengths of cable (cross-
connects are not allowed).
xi. Bridge taps or splices are not allowed.
xii. Multi-pair (greater than four-pair) cable may be used as long as it meets additional
performance requirements such as for power-sum crosstalk. These requirements are
specified in the Standard.
xiii. Portion of the cabling that connects telecommunication closet, local distribution
centres, Equipment Rooms, and Entrance Facilities are called backbone cabling. The
distance limitations of this cabling depend on the type of cable and facilities it
connects.
xiv. For voice or data communications, multi-pair UTP, ScTP or Fibre Optic cable shall be
used and run from each closet to the main distribution frame in the equipment room.
For future expansion, a minimum of 30% extra capacity shall be allocated.
Media Application Distance

100-ohm UTP or ScT Data 90 meters (295 feet)
100-ohm UTP or ScT Voice 800 meters (2,624 feet)
Single-mode 8.3/125-micron optical fibre Data 3,000 meters (9,840 feet)
Multimode 62.5/125-micron or 50/125- Data 2,000 meters (6,560 feet)
micron optical fibre
Table 9: Media Types, Applications, and Maximum Distances Permitted
xv. Minimum of two 12-pair single-mode optical fibre cables shall be run from each closet
to the main equipment room for voice or data communications. Each cable shall be
run in a separate conduit and sleeve.
xvi. Optical fibre cable shall be handled carefully to avoid stress, shearing and crushing
during transport, storage and installation.
xvii. A loop to counteract the flowing and stretching properties of glass shall be applied
for the optical fibre cables that run vertically for more than 20 m.
xviii. Cable slack shall be left in the termination panels to allow re-termination of the cable
in the future.
xix. For each closet, riser sleeves shall protrude 10 cm above the floor. Sleeve shall be
visible and installed in such a way to avoid hazards such as tripping and accidental
penetration if load bearing is less than surrounding floor.
xx. Minimum of three riser sleeves 100 mm diameter for every 5 000 m2 of work area and
50 percent excess capacity shall be installed. Same number and diameter of riser
sleeves shall be provided throughout the height of the building. It shall be possible to
easily add more cable. Cable slots are not recommended and often prohibited (See
Figure 13).
xxi. Sleeves shall be fire resistant for critical service application.
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xxii. A cable strut shall be mounted behind the sleeves.

xxiii. To minimise electrical interference, communications cable risers shall be separated
from risers serving elevators or electrical equipment.
xxiv. Riser space that passes through floors shall be secured from unauthorised access.
xxv. In order to accommodate initial cable requirements and with 50% excess capacity for
future expansion, LDC closets shall be interconnected to the main closet using 78
mm conduits with quantity sized, subject to more than one closet per floor.
xxvi. Inter-closet conduit shall be used to route LDC riser cables to the main closet riser if
the LDC does not have its own riser.
xxvii. For conduit greater than 50 mm internal diameter, conduit bend radius specification
are as follows:
a) 10 times the conduit internal diameter, or

b) 6 times the internal diameter for smaller conduit, and
c) Minimum of 8 times the cable diameter.
xxviii. The intra-building backbone design shall be as specified in (2.1) to (2.4).
Figure 13: Intra-Building Backbone Sleeves

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2.7 INTER-BUILDING BACKBONE
2.7.1 Cabling structure and system for connecting between Main Building and Secondary Building such
as process and auxiliary buildings is known as Inter Building Backbone Cabling. The characteristic
of the Inter Building Backbone Cabling shall be similar to the Intra Building Backbone Cabling unless
stated below:-
i. Conduit and associated hardware shall be corrosion-resistant
ii. Metal pathways shall be bonded to earth and separate from electrical earthing.
iii. When extending through space not within the jurisdiction of the Technical Authority,
physical security precautions shall be considered.
iv. The copper cable shall be protected from voltage surges or sneak currents induced by
nearby power lines by utilising active protection devices or earthing, where copper
cable is used for voice applications.
Figure 14: Inter-Building Backbone Cabling
2.8 EQUIPMENT ROOM
2.8.1 Equipment room is a centralized space specified to house more sophisticated equipment than the
entrance facility or the telecommunications closet. Telephone equipment or data-networking
equipment such as routers, switches, and hubs are located inside the equipment room. Backbone
cabling is specified to terminate in the equipment room.
2.8.2 When permitted, it is desirable to have the equipment room located in the same area as the
computer room, which houses network servers and possibly phone equipment. Figure below
shows the equipment room.
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Figure 15: Equipment room, backbone cabling, and telecommunications rooms

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2.8.3 A termination point for Intra Backbone Cabling that is connected to one or more
Telecommunication Room/Closet is provided by equipment room. It may also be the main cross-
connection point for the entire facility. In a large office/plant environment, each building may have
its own Equipment Room, to which Telecommunication Closet equipment is connected, and the
equipment in this room may then be connected to a central telecommunication equipment room
that provides the main cross-connect for the entire office/plant.
2.8.4 It shall be designed to support common telecommunications equipment serving the occupants of
the entire building or group of buildings, including the main cross- connect facilities between the
intra-building, inter-building, and access cabling. It is usually part of, but separated from, a
computer room. The equipment room shall be separate from the building access room.
2.8.5 An area of 14 m2 shall be allocated as the minimum floor area for equipment room. In smaller
buildings this space shall be shared with a telecommunications room.
2.8.6 Example of equipment that shall be installed in this room is the voice IP-PABX, microwave and
satellite equipment, modems, and multiplexers. The room shall only be utilized for
telecommunication related equipment infrastructure or its environmental support systems.
Equipment such as photocopiers shall be located no closer than 3 m from the equipment room.
2.8.7 File servers, gateways, voice mail servers and voice interactive response units shall normally not
located in the equipment room, but installed inside the adjoining computer room.
2.8.8 All trunk cables from the carrier entrance, IP-PABX cables, multi-pair voice intra-building cables,
and multi-pair cables running to modem racks shall be terminated at the wall-mounted MDF.
2.8.9 Equipment room shall be located above the ground water table. A floor drain shall be provided if
risk of water ingress exists and away from unrelated water pipes.
2.8.10 The distance between IP-PABX consoles shall be no further than 50 m from the IP-PABX unless a
longer distance is supported by the IP-PABX Supplier.
2.8.11 To reduce cable runs, the equipment room should be located as near as possible to the intra-
building backbone
2.8.12 The minimum height clearance for the equipment room shall be 2.4m (8ft).
2.8.13 HVAC, EMI, power, lighting, security, and grounding requirements in the equipment room shall be
as specified in (2.4).
2.9 TCP/IP BASED STRUCTURED CABLING

TCP/IP based Structured Cabling shall be designed similar to cabling structure and standard with
conventional cabling structure and standards. Core Switch, Access Switch, IP-PABX and IPICS are
additional equipment used to cater for the TCP/IP connectivity.
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2.9.1 Power Over Ethernet
i. Power over Ethernet or PoE describes any of several standardized systems which pass
electrical power along with data on Ethernet cabling. The Ethernet cabling power
comes from PoE networking device such as Access Switch or from a device built for
supplying power.
ii. This technology allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electrical
power to devices. Uses on RJ45 (8P8C) connector, this technology is useful for
powering IP phones, IP switches, cameras with PTZ abilities, embedded computers and
offers cheaper cabling without requirement to run AC power cable. Typical 15.4W DC
power is required to power up an IP phone which required 7W DC power.
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3.0 INSTALLATION AND TESTING
Fixing all outlet boxes, fixing cable tray and conduit, perform necessary modifications to existing
installations and building construction, opening and closing of ceilings where required, laying of all
cables, and termination of all cables shall be included in the contractor’s scope of work.
3.1 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
3.1.1 Certification and training of installation based on ISO/IEC 11801 and TIA/EIA 568-B or 568-C/569-
B/606-A/445/458-B compliant infrastructures shall be obtained by all installers, including
subcontractors. It is recommended to acquire BICC Brand-Rex or Lucent Technologies certification
including a copy of Standard mentioned above for reference.
3.1.2 The Contractor shall comply with prEN 55105 Electromagnetic Compatibility (in preparation by
CENELEC) for installation in Europe.
3.1.3 Appropriate project management and quality control shall be applied by the Contractor. A project
manager that responsible for all work shall be provided by Contractor.
3.1.4 Prior to cable plant installation, the Contractor shall conduct complete design including verifying
components specifications.
3.1.5 All safety requirements specified by the Technical Authority and property management shall be
fulfilled by the Contractor.
3.1.6 The Contractor shall comply with local telephony regulations during installation.
3.1.7 A minimum of one year warranty against all defects in workmanship and conformance to
specifications shall be provided by the Contractor. For the extended warranty and systems
assurance, installations shall be registered with the Supplier. Warranties shall commence on the
date of final acceptance.
3.1.8 Approval by the Technical Authority shall be obtained prior to any modifications to existing
installations or building constructions.
3.1.9 The entire cables shall be replaced if any damages detected.
3.1.10 Bending radius as per TIA/EIA SP-2840A are as follows:
i. For UTP cable, the minimum bending radius is 4 x cable outside diameter
ii. For multi pair cable, the minimum bending radius is 10 x outside diameter
iii. For fibre optic cables not in tension, the minimum bend radius is 10 x diameter
iv. For fibre optic cables loaded in tension may not be bent at less than 20 x diameter
v. No fibre optic cables will be bent on a radius less than 3.0cm (1.18inches)
vi. For fibre optic cables, minimum length for pulling during installation is 8 x cable
diameter
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vii. For fibre optic cables, minimum installed radius is 6 x cable diameter for riser cable,
and 4 x cable diameter for horizontal cable.
3.1.11 For future upgrading, troubleshooting or restoring a network, all work shall be documented.
3.1.12 Design data, components types and manufacturers, cable paths, types and lengths, location of
splices and termination and communication equipment shall be covered inside the documents.
Documents copies shall be made and shall be kept by Technical Authority and backups stored in a
safe place.
3.1.13 In order to eliminate the effects of noise on the cable, the Balanced Line installation for the UTP
cable is recommended. Without the need for Balanced and Unbalanced (BALUNS), the new
equipment shall be designed to operate on balanced lines even though there are still a lot of older
systems out there that still use this converter.
Figure 16: Balanced Line and BALUNS configuration
3.1.14 Any hardware connectivity e.g. optical fibre connection, shall be shielded from physical damage
and moisture.
3.1.15 For termination purposes, a minimum of 1m (3.28ft) of two fibre cable (or two buffered fibres)
shall be accessible.
3.2 BUILDING GROUNDING AND BONDING REQUIREMENT (ANSI/TIA/EIA-607)
3.2.1 ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 does not cover building grounding; it only covers the grounding of
telecommunications systems. ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 specifies that the telecommunications ground
must tie in with the building ground. Each telecommunications room must have a
telecommunications grounding system, which commonly consists of a telecommunications bus bar
tied back to the building grounding system. All shielded cables, racks, and other metallic
components should be tied into this bus bar.
3.2.2 ANSI/TIA/EIA-607 specifies that the minimum ground-wire size must 6 AWG, but, depending on
the distance that the ground wire must cover, it may be up to 3/0 AWG. Ground-wire sizing is
based on the distance that the ground wire must travel; the farther the distance, the larger the
wire must be. Telecommunications cables entering a building must be grounded as near as possible
to the point at which it enters the building.
3.3 TESTING REQUIREMENT

In order to ensure correct polarity and acceptable link performance, testing of all cables and cable
pairs shall be conducted according to the following requirements and the Manufacturer's
specifications. For optical fibre link performance testing criteria, Informative annex H of 568-A is
required.
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i. All test equipment shall comply with Category 5, 6, 7 and its classes and optical fibre.
ii. Functional testing of the distribution cable shall be performed including cable and
termination hardware testing.
iii. Handheld testers and visual inspections shall be performed
iv. Prior to final acceptance, any component failing a test shall be rectified and re-tested
v. All measurement shall be documented and recorded for the Technical Authority
reference.
vi. The frequency range of 1MHz through 1000MHz shall be performed during the test.
3.3.1 Category 5, 6, 7 and its Classes UTP Cable
All test procedure shall comply for the following characteristics:
i. Compliance with TIA/EIA-568-B or TIA/EIA-568-C, TSB 67.
ii. The cables shall be placed away from potential noisy source such as an elevator shaft
or industrial equipment.
iii. All connectors are secure inside the installation kits of wall receptacles and all wires
are properly seated.
iv. Labels are properly installed and understandable.

It is a necessity for Category 6 cabling system to have ‘Backwards Compatibility’ and
‘Interoperability’ components with previous cabling system such as Category 5 and 5e.
Key parameters for UTP cable (updated with Category 6 cabling system):
i. Measurement of the attenuation for cable in decibel (shall be tested in frequencies

range of 4, 10, 16, 25, 100, 200 and 250MHz), is also known as Insertion Loss.
Impendence, temperature, skin effect and dielectric loss are the main cause of
attenuation.
ii. By using Attenuation Crosstalk Ratio (ACR) and Power Sum Attenuation Crosstalk Ratio
(PSACR), the overall performance of the cable can be measured. If the crosstalk noise
level is at the same level as attenuated signal, data signal can be weak or lost. Four (4)
energized pairs is used to calculate PSACR.
iii. One of the causes of attenuation is the cable length due to high resistance. Time
Domain Reflectometer (TDR) is used to measure the cable length and NVP’s setting of
69% is required.
iv. In order to ensure the two ends have been terminated pin for pin, Wire Map shall be
used. The purpose of the test is to verify for continuity within and between pairs,
shorts, crossed pairs, reverse pairs, split pairs and incorrect wore sequences in the
cross connect panel and connectors.
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v. Return Loss in dB represents the reflected signal as a result of imperfections in the

cable (impedance) and mismatched components.
vi. To determine the resistance connections in the link between the two conductors of
a twisted pair, DC Loop Resistance test shall be conducted which is similar to the
Wire Map test.
vii. Propagation delay is caused by Crosstalk. By retaining the cable pair twist
configuration as much as possible when terminating the cable on the connecting
hardware, the Crosstalk effect can be minimized. Crosstalk categories are:-
a) Near End Crosstalk (NEXT)

 It is caused by electromagnetic interference at the end of the
cable.
 It is potentially occurred at higher frequency and may affect the
speed of data transmission.
 Crosstalk disturbance on a wire pair shall be measured at the
both end from which the disturbance signal is transmitted on
the disturbing pair.
b) Power Sum Crosstalk (PSNEXT)

 It is defined as an addition and combined effect of the NEXT
results on multiple pairs.
c) Far End Crosstalk (FEXT), Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (ELFEXT),
Power Sum Equal Level Far End Crosstalk (PSELFEXT)
 It is defined as Crosstalk measurement at far end of the cable
viii. Time taken of the signal to travel from one end to the other is called Propagation
Delay, which is to be measured for each of the four wire pairs.
ix. The difference between the fastest and slowest pairs is called Delay Skew. Reference
pair with Delay Skew value of zero, is consider the pair with shortest propagation
delay. The signal will not be merged correctly if the signals do not reach the desired
destination on the same time.
Figure 17 below shows the configuration of “Basic Link” test. This test configuration is as per
description in TSB 67 (Technical System Bulletin no. 67 of the TIA/EIA-568-B and TIA/EIA-568-C
standards), i.e. it is the snap-in jack at the floor or wall outlet, the length of CAT 5 cable attached
to it and the patch panel at the other end. At each end there shall be 2 m of test patch lead.
PTS 14.40.08
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Figure 17: Basic Link Test on CAT5
The distance for testing can be up to 90 m in the permanent link for Category 6 cable. Total of 10
m patch cord can be added to the permanent link for a total of 100 m link test.
Figure 18: Permanent Link Test on CAT6 Cabling System
Testing shall be from both ends. The hand-held tester shall test at least (in accordance with
TIA/EIA 568-B.2-1):
PTS 14.40.08
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i. Enhanced CAT5 testers

Fluke DSP 100 / 2000 s/w V5.4
Fluke DSP 4300
Datacom Technologies Inc LANcat System 6
Microtest Pentascanner+ / 350 s/w V5.0 Wirescope
Microtest Omniscanner (Not applicable for GA)
Wavetek LT8155 / 8350
ii. CAT6 testers (updated)

Ideal Industries LANTEK 7G with auto-test button
Fluke Networks DTX Cable Analyzer
Agilent Technologies WireScope 350
Greenlee LANcat System 6
3.3.2 Optical Fibre Cable

As defined in ISO/IEC 11801, every fibre link shall have total link attenuation equal to or
less than the total attenuation allowed for that class of link. The maximum allowed loss
(attenuation) for the link shall first be calculated by the installer by adding up the sum
total of optical elements in the link i.e. the cable, connectors and splices, and then
measure that link to ensure that the installed results are equal to or less than the
calculated attenuation.
All cable that has been installed shall be tested for the following characteristics:
i. Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) or other appropriate optical fibre testing
device such as optical power meter and light source shall be used to test optical fibre
cables.
ii. For single-mode fibre optic cables, OTDR traces shall be included in the test results.
iii. OTDR trace results may be required by the Technical Authority especially for large
project.
iv. Test shall be conducted to determine the correct sequence of cores within the cables,
end to end connectivity and termination integrity.
v. A table of link loss results, either from a power meter or derived from OTDR traces
shall be included for all optical applications. The installer shall have access to an OTDR
for fault finding purposes if any problem arise.
Link parameter rules (a):
Multimode Singlemode
Parameter 850 nm 1 300 nm 1 310 nm 1 550 nm
Fibre attenuation dB/km 3.5 max 1.0 max 0.45 max 0.3 max
Fibre bandwidth MHz.km 200 min 500 min n/a n/a
Connector insertion-loss dB 0.75 max 0.75 max 0.75 max 0.75 max
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Connector return loss dB 20 min 20 min 26 min 26 min

Splice loss dB 0.3 max 0.3 max 0.3 max 0.3 max
Table 10: Link Parameter Rules (a)
Link parameter rules (b):
Attenuation dB max
Multimode Singlemode
Cabling
Link length max 850 nm 1 300 nm 1 310 nm 1 550 nm
subsystem
Horizontal 100 m 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2
Building backbone 500 m 3.9 2.6 2.7 2.7
Campus backbone 1 500 m 7.4 3.6 3.6 3.6
Table 11: Link Parameter Rules (b)
Link parameter rules (c)
Optical attenuation between any two items of opto-electronic transmission equipment shall not
exceed 11 dB at 850 nm or 1 300 nm.
3.3.3 Centralised Optical Cabling

As defined in TSB 72, Centralized Optical Fibre Guidelines, October 1995 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC25
PDTR 14763-2, Part 2, Implementation and operation of customer premises cabling, November
1997, MillenniuM (BICC BrandRex) optical cable systems shall support the 300 m home run cabling
schemes (see Figures below).
Figure 19: Centralised Optical Cabling
3.3.4 Calculating Acceptable Optical Loss

i. The steps to calculate the optical loss of an optical cable link is as follows:
PTS 14.40.08
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a) draw a diagram of the link

b) assign the maximum allowed loss for each item, and
c) add each item loss to arrive at the total allowed loss for that link
(Note that the following calculations is based on either 50/125 or 62.5/125 fibre when multimode fibre is referred to).
Patch Panel 1 with Patch Panel 2 with directly terminated

a tail cable spliced connector fitted onto onto the main cable
a bulkhead adapter and fitted onto a bulkhead adapter
Figure 20: Optical Loss Budget Calculation
ii. Add the individual loss components to calculate the total allowed attenuation in the
above example. For each wavelength of light used, the loss of the fibre is different. In
this example 850 nm and 1300 nm of Multimode fibre is chosen (see also Link
parameter rules (a)).
Loss across the first connector pair = 0.75 dB
Loss across the fibre cable (1.2KM x 3.5dB of attenuation) = 4.2 dB
Loss across the splice in the main cable = 0.3 dB
Loss across the splice in the 2nd patch panel = 0.3 dB
Loss across the second connector pair = 0.75 dB
Total link loss for 850 nm of multimode cable = 6.3 dB
Hence, total link loss for 1300 nm multimode cable (1.2KM x 1dB) = 3.3 dB
The following are considered to ensure design acceptability.
Since the cable runs between buildings it is a campus backbone, so the cable length
shall not be greater than 1 500 m for Multimode fibre cable. As such, the 1.2 km link
depicted is acceptable. Link parameter rules (b) states that the total loss for a
Multimode campus backbone link should not exceed 7.4 dB at 850 nm and 3.6 dB at
1 300 nm. As such, the result of 6.3 dB and 3.3 dB, respectively are acceptable. Next,
PTS 14.40.08
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Link parameter rules (c) states that the total loss between the electronic transmission
equipment should not exceed 11 dB. Assume that the electronics are plugged directly
into the optical patch cords coming out of the patch panels, then the link parameter
rules (c) are met. Therefore, based on limitations of ISO/IEC 11801, the design is
acceptable.
NOTE: The effect of the patchcords themselves is discounted. This is for two reasons:
- the attenuation of the fibre in a patchcord is negligible; and
- the loss across the connector as it goes into the opto-electronic equipment is already accounted for in the
launch conditions presumed by the Manufacturer.
iii. As the total link attenuation will rapidly rise as patch panels are added in series in the
optical circuit, the designer of the cabling system need to be cautious of usage multiple
patch panels within the optical link.
3.3.5 Testing the Optical Line
Attenuation (insertion loss) and Return loss are two parameters that need to be controlled in an
optical fibre installation.
Correlation between the actual and calculated measurement is determine by calculating the
maximum attenuation in the link and to perform the actual measurement test on it.
i. Optical Time Domain Reflectormeter (OTDR)

According to the Manufacturer’s instructions, set up the OTDR. Correct refractive
index setting for the fibre that being used shall be checked, i.e.:
850 nm 1 300 nm 1 310 nm 1 550 nm

50/125 1.481 1.476 - -
62.5/125 1.495 1.490 - -
Singlemode - - 1.466 1.467
Figure 21: Refractive Index for Link Segment Performance
By setting up the equipment in the configuration as Figure 21, employing a tail lead,
will allow the simultaneous measurement of local and remote connector pairs.
To ensure that the whole link is being tested, launch the test signal into one of the
bulkhead adapters via the test lead. It is preferable to test at 850 nm and 1300 nm for
multimode and 1310 nm and 1550 nm for singlemode. Both ends of the link shall be
tested and the results need to be averaged to give a meaningful reading if there is an
abnormal results, such as a negative attenuation.
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ii. Power meter and light source

The simplest and cheapest method of testing a short haul datacoms link is by using
power meter and light source. According to the Manufacturers’ instructions, set up
the power meter and light source. Calibrate the power meter and light source by
plugging the light source directly into the meter and setting the meter to read zero
dB, see upper part of Figure 22. Test lead should not be unplugged from the light
source nor should either instrument be switched off for the rest of the testing session.
Due to the effect of discounting the loss of one of the bulkhead adapters in the cable
system under test, the meter and light source should not be calibrated by connecting
the two test leads together using a connector adapter in the middle.
Figure 22: Fibre Optic Calibration Test Setup
iii. Network Link Testing

The same wavelength for both Light Source and Power Meter shall be configured.
Although some test sets do not use exactly these same wavelengths, the characteristic
of optical fibre shall remained at 850 nm and 1 300 nm for multimode. Refer to table
A1 of BS 7718 to indicate on correction factors if a significant problem occurred.
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iv. Test Method TIA/EIA 526-14A

To measure attenuation in a structured cabling application, TIA/EIA-568-B and
TIA/EIA-568-C specifies the One Reference Jumper method (ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14A
method B). The procedure described is as follows:
a) A test cord, T1 is connected between a light source and a power meter. The
two devices are turned on and set to the appropriate wavelength (850nm or
1300nnm). The power, M1 is recorded and used as the reference for
subsequent comparison.
b) The test cord, T1 is disconnected from the power meter (if the light source
was disconnected, the reference would be lost). Another pre-tested low loss
optical fibre cord, T2 is connected to the referenced test cord, via an adaptor
at one end. The other end of the cord is connected to the power meter.
Measure the loss of the new cord. The value shall be less than 0.75 dB.
c) Disconnect the two cords at the adaptor interface. Insert the link under test
between the two cords and measure the new loss (M2). The difference
between the first power measurement M1 and M2 is the attenuation or
insertion loss of the link under test.
Figure 23: Attenuation Measuring Method
v. Short links and patch cords testing is suitable for this method. Another test method
where the optical fibre loss is the more significant, compared to the connector loss is
used for long optical fibre links.
PTS 14.40.08
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vi. Measured loss values should always be positive.
vii. It is not recommended to use OTDR for attenuation testing as this device is intended
for fault finding and length measurements. Since OTDR uses a laser source, which
underfills the multimode core, an OTDR attenuation measurement of short links will
always result in a smaller value.
viii. In accordance to ISO/IEC 11801 and AS/NZS 3080 the test method shall referred to IEC
61280-4-1 method for multimode and the IEC 61280-4-2 for single mode.
3.4 LABELLING
3.4.1 As specified in TIA/EIA-606-A, all cable, conduit, telecommunication closets, equipment rooms,
entrance facilities, patch panels, and cross-connects shall be labelled
3.4.2 Technical Authority shall approved the label format in accordance to TIA/EIA-606-A requirement.
3.4.3 Unique identifier (ID) shall be implemented inside each label.
3.4.4 Labels shall be attached to:
i. In work area:
a) Outside of faceplate,
b) inside outlet box (where it can be viewed with the cover off), and
c) on cable where it enters the outlet box
ii. On horizontal run:

a) On cable inside zone boxes and pull boxes
iii. In closet:
b) On patch panel (outside of faceplate,
c) inside outlet box,
d) on cable where it enters outlet box),
e) on distribution panel, and
f) on punch-down blocks
iv. Others
a) Zone boxes,
b) pull boxes, and
c) each end of conduit
3.4.5 By referring to TIA/EIA-606-A, all labels shall have permanent, non-fading markings, and shall
be attached by adhesive, insert or fastening methods.
3.4.6 Labels shall include alphanumeric text 8 to 10 characters long
3.4.7 Labels shall be colour-coded
3.4.8 The label shall indicate:

i. Closet identification of originating end;
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ii. Office identification or geographical coordinates identification of

destination end;
iii. Floor number and building number;
iv. Drop number;
v. Individual cable
type;
vi. Patch panel termination coordinates (block number, position number).
3.4.9 Based on type and usage of each cable, it shall be uniquely colour-coded. Category 3, Category 5,
6, 7 and its classes, multimode and single mode fibre shall be include in types of cable.
3.4.10 Colour-coded shall be implemented to all cross-connect panels based on their designation.
3.4.11 Label shall be applied to all blocks and panels i.e. panel, block and position.
3.4.12 Label shall be applied to all closets i.e. building, floor and closet identifiers.
3.4.13 The destination closet, sequential number and conduit length shall be indicated in conduit labels.
3.5 AS BUILT DELIVERABLES

The Contractors shall delivered the following items to the Technical Authority:
i. The original Manufacturer and/or Contractor's certification
ii. All specified Manufacturer's warranties
iii. cable management package (if applicable)
iv. cable identification, testing results, cable length, cable type, name of person
conducting test, date, Manufacturer, part numbers, date of installation and the
name of Contractor for each cable and cable pair.
v. floor plans showing cable termination locations and cable routing

Note: Separate diagrams shall be provided for each type of cable, each floor, patch panels and vertical cable with a scale
no smaller than 1:100. Where the Technical Authority uses a CAD/CAM system the information supplied shall be
compatible
PTS 14.40.08
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3.6 ACCEPTANCE
3.6.1 Prior to the contractual scope of work completion, the Contractor shall provide evidence to meet
Technical Authority expectation.
3.6.2 Acceptance shall be on a pass or fail basis.
3.6.3 Test shall be repeated after any necessary corrections have been made if there is any case of a
failure. No modifications shall be done during the test. For any part of the system that may be
affected by the modifications, the test shall be repeated.
3.6.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for all necessary modifications as a result of a failed test.
3.6.5 During the testing, the Technical Authority has the right to be present and responsible for
accepting or rejecting the test (pass or fail judgment).
3.6.6 The Contractor shall share all work which is inaccessible to the Technical Authority for inspection.
3.6.7 The Contractor shall provide documentation of the material's ability to meet the performance
criteria.
3.6.8 The acceptance test procedure (ATP) shall be reviewed by Technical Authority for approval. Refer
to (3.3).
3.6.9 To verify accuracy of the documented test results, the Technical Authority shall have the right to
re-test an agreed percentage of the installation at random.
3.6.10 Final inspection for all deliverables (drawings, documentation) is required.

PTS 14.40.08
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4.0 MATERIALS
4.1 CABLE SPECIFICATION
4.1.1 Horizontal UTP

Cable shall be:
i. ISO and EIA/TIA Enhanced Category 5, 6, 7 and its classes rated,
ii. 24 AWG four-pair unshielded twisted cable with thermoplastic insulated conductors,
and
iii. Enclosed within a thermoplastic jacket as dictated by building construction and local
fire codes.
Note: Where local regulations dictate or if required by the Technical Authority, screened cables shall be used
4.1.2 Backbone voice UTP cable

Cable shall be:
i. Minimum ISO and EIA/TIA Category 5 or 6 rated,
ii. 24 AWG unshielded twisted multipair cable with thermoplastic insulated conductors,
and
iii. Enclosed within a thermoplastic jacket.
iv. Have 25 pairs or multiples of 25 pairs.
4.1.3 Optical fibre

Cables shall be:
i. Single mode fibre is preferable.
ii. Meet requirements of FDDI, FOIRL, 10BaseF, 100Base FL, 1000BaseSL and 1000BaseSX
and
iii. Comply with TIA/EIA-568-B or TIA/EIA-568-C and ISO/IEC 11801.
Fire safety Performance of cables

Class Flammability Halogen Content Smoke Generation
PVC IEC 332-1 - -
HF-1 IEC 332-1 IEC 754-1 IEC 1034
HF-3 IEC 332-3-c IEC 754-1 IEC 1034
PLENUM UL 910 - UL 910
Note: IEC 332-1 must be seen as an absolute minimum legal requirement for indoor cables. The HF-3
class of cables is generally recommended. In the USA, the National Electrical Code dictates which style of
cable may be used where.
PTS 14.40.08
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4.2 ACCESSORIES SPECIFICATION
4.2.1 As defined in ISO/IEC 8877, UTP work area connectors shall be 8 pin ISDN (RJ45).
4.2.2 In accordance to TIA/EIA-568-B or TIA/EIA-568-C and ISO/IEC 11801 Class D (1998), connectors
shall meet Enhanced Category 5, 6, 7 and its classes requirements.
4.2.3 110 cross-connect system and Barrel IDC (Insulation Displacement Contact) connections shall be
used for UTP cross-connects except for Screw-type terminations.
4.2.4 Patch cords shall maintain Category 5, 6, 7 and its classes cable specifications,
4.2.5 Ribbon cables shall not be used.
4.2.6 The maximum length of patch cords shall be:
i. 6 m for telecommunications closets 6 m
ii. 3 m for office area, and
iii. 20 m in the MDF
Note: Use pre-terminated patch cords which are part of the cross-connect system.
4.2.7 Connectors for optical fibre cable shall be either ST-II-type bayonet (BFOC/2.5) or 568SC
connectors.
4.2.8 Mix of connector types shall not be used.
4.2.9 SMA or Biconical connectors shall not be used.
4.2.10 To ensure that conversion of any one connector can be easily changed to the other type within the
same panel, optical fibre cable patch panels shall be of a type suitable for use with ST connectors
and 568SC connectors.
4.2.11 The box shall include a cover to protect the fibre from physical damage, exposure to moisture or
other corrosive elements.
4.2.12 High density patch panel is required to conserve space and shall be consistent with cable
management requirements.
4.2.13 The patch panel shall terminate no more than 144 fibres within a wall area of 610 mm x 610 mm.
4.2.14 All cabinets shall have removable and hinge reversible doors with glass panels for observation of
any visible indicators or alarm.
4.2.15 Removable sides of the cabinet shall be furnished to permit access to cables and equipment.
4.2.16 All equipment shall be connected to the earth busbar.
4.2.17 Enclosed data cabinets shall have ventilation roofs and fan.
PTS 14.40.08
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5.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this PTS, reference is made to the following Standards and Publications. Unless specifically
designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any
supplements and revisions thereto:
PETRONAS STANDARDS
Index to PTS PTS 00.01.01

Requirements, General Definition of Terms, Abbreviations & Reading PTS 00.01.03
Guide
Telecommunication PTS Series PTS 14.40.xx
Electrical Engineering General Specifications PTS 13.00.01
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard. TIA/EIA-568-B and
TIA/EIA-568-C
Commercial Building Cabling Standard, for Telecommunications TIA-569-B
Pathways and Spaces.
Residential Telecommunications Cabling Standard TIA-570-B
Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications TIA/EIA-606-A
Infrastructure
Transmission Performance Specifications for Field Testing of TSB 67
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cabling Systems
Centralized Fibre Optic Cabling Guidelines TSB 72
Additional Horizontal Cabling Practices for Open Offices TSB 75
Standard for Safety test for Flame-Propagation and Smoke-Density UL 910
Valves for Electrical and Optical- Fibre Cables used in Spaces
Transporting Environmental Air.
Fourth edition.
Code of Practice for Installation of Fibre Optic Cabling BS 7718
Information Technology - Cabling System prEN 50174

Installation (3 parts)
EMC immunity requirements for Information prEN 55105
Technology Equipment
Information Technology - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part ISO/IEC 8802-3
3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) (Ethernet), 10BaseT
Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications addendum. 1000BaseT,
1000BaseSX &
1000BaseLX
Information Technology - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part ISO/IEC 8802-5
5: Token Ring Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications (Token Ring)
PTS 14.40.08
Page 54 of 54
Information Technology - Telecommunications and information ISO/IEC 8877

exchange between systems; interface connector and contact
assignments for ISDN basic access interface located at reference points
S and T
Information Processing Systems; Fibre Distributed Data Interface ISO/IEC 9314-3
(FDDI); Part 3: Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD)
Information technology - generic cabling for customer premises ISO/IEC 11801 (1998)
Implementation and operation of customer premises cabling, Part 2 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC25
PDTR 14763-2
PUBLICATIONS
Cabling: The Complete Guide to Network Wiring, ISBN: 0-7821-4331-8

Third Edition, 2001
.
,

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PETRONAS TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Structured Cabling For Telecommunication

© 2014 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)

This PTS is applicable to both Upstream and Downstream.

1.2 GLOSSARY OF TERM

1.2.1 General Definition of Terms & Abbreviations

1.2.2 Specific Definition of Terms

1 Cable outlet A fixed socket in a work area (office) where a

2 Cross-connect A facility for the interconnection and

3 Faceplate The cosmetic flat assembly which covers the

4 Faceplate blank A solid faceplate used to cover an outlet box

5 Hub Active equipment which provides connectivity

6 Multimode fibre Usually powered by light emitting diodes.

7 Outlet box A hollow receptacle, buried in a wall or floor.

8 Patch panel A cross-connect system of mateable connectors

9 Plenum A building space where environmental air

10 Pull Box An accessible box mounted in the path of a

11 Service Core The part of the building carrying the services

12 Single Mode Fibre Finer specifications than multimode (usually

13 Sleeve A usually circular opening through a wall, floor

15 Systimax Lucent trademark for their cabling system

16 Work Area An office or space within a building where the

Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

1 ACR Attenuation Cross-talk Ratio.

2 ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Cell Relay).

3 AWG American Wire Gauge measurement standard.

4 BFOC/2.5 Fibre optic cable connector, also known as an ST

5 EIA Electronic Industry Association (see Appendix

6 EMI Electromagnetic Interference

7 FDDI Fibre Distributed Data Interface LAN running at

8 FOIRL Fibre Optic Inter Repeater Link standard for

9 HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

10 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

11 ISDN Integrated Services for Digital Networks

12 IT Information Technology. Refers either to a

13 LAN Local Area Network, a data communications

14 LDC Local Distribution Centre - secondary wiring

15 Mbps Mega (million) bits per second transmission

16 MDF Main Distribution Frame - telephony term for

17 NEXT Near-end Cross Talk, a measure of how much

18 NIDP Network Interface Demarcation Point.

19 NVP Nominal Velocity of Propagation.

20 IP-PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange. Also called

22 PVC Polyvinylchloride, a material used for cable

23 RJ45 EIA/TIA and ISO standard 8-pin modular

24 ST Connector Fibre optic cable connector, also known in

25 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer, device that

26 TIA Telecommunications Industry Association,

27 TSB Technical Systems Bulletin, update to the

28 UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair cable (usually 4 pairs)

29 WAN Wide Area Network

31 10BaseFX Set of IEEE 802.3 and ISO/IEC 8802-3 (Ethernet)

32 568SC Fibre optic cable connector, also known as a

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

2.0 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

2.1 BASIS OF DESIGN

ii. Horizontal Cabling - Cable which connects telecommunications rooms to individual

iii. Telecommunications Room or Closet - House telecommunication equipment

vii. Inter Building backbone

2.1.4 Network and OSI Layer Model

Table 3: The Telecommunication OSI Model Layer

2.1.5 UTP, STP and Optical Fibre Cabling Standards