‭The Effects Of Screen Time On the Academic Performance Of Nursing Students In‬

‭University of the Cordilleras‬

‭Names of Researchers‬
‭Casupang, Liben R.; Dawang, Hannah Keziah C.; Delos Reyes, Amy Julianne C.; Garcia,‬
‭Juliana C.; Jose, Cerna Glorine A.; Ong, Shantiza C.; Posugac, Lei; Setoza, Faith Alyssa‬

‭PROGRAM OF THE RESEARCHERS‬

‭Bachelor of Science in Nursing‬
‭College of Nursing University of the Cordilleras‬

‭Michael Kevin M. Garcia, MELS‬

‭Faculty Adviser, Languages Department‬
‭College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Cordilleras‬

‭ABSTRACT‬

‭I‬‭NTRODUCTION‬

‭B‭A
‬ CKGROUND‬ ‭OF‬ ‭THE‬ ‭S‭T‬UDY‬

‭ s‬‭we‬‭develop‬‭into‬‭a‬‭vastful‬‭changes‬‭in‬‭each‬‭generation,‬‭In‬‭our‬‭modern‬‭world‬‭today,‬‭the‬
A
‭internet‬ ‭plays‬ ‭a‬‭big‬‭role‬‭not‬‭only‬‭for‬‭entertainment,‬‭but‬‭also‬‭for‬‭academic‬‭purposes.‬‭The‬
‭internet‬ ‭has‬ ‭proved‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭a‬ ‭boon‬ ‭in‬ ‭this‬ ‭era‬ ‭of‬ ‭technology.‬ ‭The‬ ‭evolution‬ ‭of‬ ‭cellular‬
‭phones has been one of the fastest in the history of innovation.‬

‭ uring‬ ‭this‬ ‭era‬ ‭of‬ ‭industrialization,‬ ‭technology‬ ‭has‬ ‭been‬ ‭part‬ ‭of‬ ‭one’s‬ ‭life.‬ ‭Gadgets‬ ‭like‬
D
‭laptops,‬ ‭personal‬ ‭computers,‬ ‭cell‬ ‭phones,‬‭tablets,‬‭and‬‭e-books‬‭have‬‭assumed‬‭a‬‭central‬
‭role‬‭in‬‭the‬‭daily‬‭lives‬‭of‬‭school-going‬‭children‬‭at‬‭all‬‭levels.‬‭(Muhammad‬‭Asif‬‭Chuadhry,‬‭Dr‬
‭&‬‭Ghazanfar,‬‭Muhammad‬‭&‬‭Chuadhry,‬‭Sumaira.,‬‭2022).‬‭It‬‭has‬‭been‬‭essential‬‭for‬‭everyday‬
‭use‬ ‭as‬ ‭gadgets‬ ‭play‬ ‭an‬ ‭important‬ ‭role‬ ‭in‬ ‭making‬ ‭school‬ ‭tasks‬‭easier‬‭for‬‭students‬‭at‬‭any‬
‭level,‬‭it‬‭has‬‭been‬‭their‬‭guide‬‭that‬‭enhances‬‭their‬‭skills‬‭as‬‭well‬‭as‬‭uniquely‬‭unleashing‬‭their‬
‭creativity (Jiek, 2021).‬

‭ obile‬‭phones‬‭have‬‭become‬‭an‬‭almost‬‭essential‬‭part‬‭of‬‭daily‬‭life‬‭since‬‭their‬‭rapid‬‭growth‬
M
‭in‬‭popularity‬‭in‬‭the‬‭late‬‭1990s,‬‭Ling‬‭(2004).‬ ‭It‬‭has‬‭been‬‭seen‬‭as‬‭beneficial‬‭in‬‭many‬‭aspects‬
‭as‬ ‭it‬ ‭gives‬ ‭information,‬ ‭entertainment,‬ ‭leisure,‬ ‭news,‬ ‭and‬ ‭such‬ ‭(Santander‬ ‭Universidad,‬
‭2023).‬‭However,‬‭a‬‭lot‬‭of‬‭people‬‭say‬‭that‬‭there‬‭are‬‭also‬‭some‬‭disadvantages‬‭to‬‭the‬‭usage‬
‭of‬ ‭technology.‬ ‭People‬ ‭spend‬ ‭most‬ ‭of‬ ‭their‬ ‭time‬ ‭with‬ ‭their‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭phones‬ ‭or‬ ‭laptops‬
‭everyday‬ ‭and‬ ‭many‬ ‭studies‬ ‭have‬ ‭tackled‬ ‭the‬ ‭possible‬ ‭effect‬ ‭of‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬
‭netizens.‬

‭ s‬ ‭Ling‬ ‭and‬ ‭Helmerson‬ ‭(2000)‬ ‭states,‬ ‭the‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭phone‬ ‭is‬ ‭“at‬ ‭cross‬ ‭purpose‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬
A
‭mission‬‭of‬‭the‬‭school”.‬‭The‬‭study‬‭states‬‭that‬‭while‬‭in‬‭school,‬‭students‬‭are‬‭supposed‬‭to‬‭take‬

‭Page‬‭1‬‭of‬‭6‬
‭ n‬‭their‬‭prescribed‬‭roles‬‭as‬‭students‬‭with‬‭full‬‭concentration‬‭on‬‭their‬‭studies‬‭and‬‭free‬‭from‬
o
‭contact‬ ‭with‬ ‭the‬ ‭outside‬ ‭world.‬ ‭However,‬ ‭the‬ ‭mobile‬ ‭phone‬ ‭gives‬ ‭room‬ ‭to‬ ‭blending‬
‭students’‬‭roles‬‭with‬‭other‬‭roles‬‭thus‬‭distracting‬‭and‬‭disrupting‬‭the‬‭students’‬‭work‬‭(Gergen,‬
‭2002 et. al)‬

I‭t‬ ‭claims‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬ ‭educational‬ ‭system‬ ‭has‬ ‭led‬ ‭to‬ ‭an‬ ‭inevitable‬‭surge‬‭in‬‭the‬‭use‬‭of‬‭digital‬
‭media‬ ‭and‬ ‭increased‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭for‬ ‭working,‬ ‭learning‬ ‭and‬ ‭communication‬ ‭in‬ ‭many‬
‭countries (Chassiakos et al., 2016).‬

‭ egarding‬ ‭the‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭issue,‬ ‭according‬ ‭to‬ ‭Ramirez‬ ‭(2021),‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭leading‬‭factor‬‭in‬
R
‭why‬‭students‬‭have‬‭poor‬‭academic‬‭performance.‬‭Screen‬‭time‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭the‬‭time‬‭a‬‭netizen‬
‭spends‬ ‭using‬ ‭devices‬ ‭that‬ ‭may‬ ‭take‬ ‭hours.‬ ‭It‬ ‭can‬ ‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭a‬ ‭form‬ ‭of‬ ‭leisure‬ ‭for‬ ‭some‬
‭people.‬ ‭An‬ ‭activity‬ ‭that‬ ‭is‬ ‭done‬ ‭in‬ ‭front‬ ‭of‬ ‭any‬ ‭device‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭powered‬ ‭by‬ ‭technology.‬
‭However,‬ ‭too‬ ‭much‬ ‭exposure‬ ‭and‬ ‭use‬ ‭of‬ ‭devices‬ ‭may‬ ‭cause‬ ‭problems‬ ‭emotionally,‬
‭mentally, physically, and with socializing as well (National Library of Medicine, 2023)‬

‭ cademic‬‭Performances‬‭may‬‭also‬‭be‬‭affected,‬‭by‬‭the‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭a‬‭teenager‬‭spends‬‭on‬
A
‭their‬‭device’s‬‭screen‬‭which‬‭can‬‭result‬‭in‬‭negative‬‭or‬‭positive.‬‭Some‬‭researchers‬‭say‬‭that‬‭it‬
‭causes‬ ‭negative‬ ‭effects‬ ‭on‬ ‭students,‬ ‭especially‬ ‭on‬ ‭their‬ ‭Psychological‬ ‭well-being‬ ‭upon‬
‭long‬ ‭exposure‬ ‭to‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭on‬ ‭any‬ ‭gadgets.‬ ‭Students‬ ‭may‬ ‭drop‬ ‭their‬ ‭academic‬
‭performances as they suffer from psychological problems.‬

‭ ccording‬‭to‬‭Mulu,‬‭G.‬‭B.,‬‭et‬‭al.‬‭(2022),‬‭academic‬‭performance‬‭or‬‭achievement‬‭is‬‭defined‬
A
‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭extent‬ ‭to‬ ‭which‬ ‭a‬ ‭student,‬ ‭teacher,‬ ‭or‬ ‭institution‬ ‭has‬ ‭attained‬ ‭their‬ ‭short-‬ ‭or‬
‭long-term‬ ‭educational‬ ‭goals‬ ‭and‬ ‭is‬ ‭measured‬ ‭either‬ ‭by‬ ‭continuous‬ ‭assessment‬ ‭or‬
‭cumulative‬ ‭grade‬ ‭point‬ ‭average.‬ ‭While‬ ‭it‬ ‭is‬ ‭the‬ ‭academic‬ ‭result‬‭in‬‭an‬‭assignment,‬‭quiz,‬
‭exam,‬ ‭single‬ ‭subject,‬ ‭or‬ ‭whole‬ ‭degree‬ ‭(Chung,‬ ‭J.‬ ‭et‬ ‭al.,‬ ‭2022).‬ ‭It‬ ‭also‬ ‭states‬ ‭that‬
‭uncontrolled‬ ‭usage‬ ‭of‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭a‬ ‭complication‬ ‭to‬ ‭one’s‬ ‭Academic‬
‭performance. Balance should be implemented with the usage of devices (Busch, 2020).‬

F‭ urthermore,‬‭this‬‭study‬‭highlights‬‭how‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭affects‬‭the‬‭academic‬‭performance‬ ‭of‬
‭nursing‬ ‭students‬ ‭in‬ ‭the‬ ‭University‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭Cordilleras.‬ ‭The‬ ‭objective‬ ‭is‬ ‭to‬ ‭create‬ ‭an‬
‭understanding‬‭regarding‬‭how‬‭the‬‭use‬‭of‬‭screens‬‭impacts‬‭our‬‭mental‬‭and‬‭physical‬‭health,‬
‭and‬‭how‬‭excessive‬‭use‬‭of‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭can‬‭have‬‭negative‬‭effects‬‭on‬‭the‬‭Nursing‬‭Students‬
‭in the University of the Cordilleras.‬

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‭C‭O
‬ NCEPTUAL‬ ‭F‭R‬ AMEWORK‬

F‭ igure‬ ‭1:‬ ‭Graphical‬ ‭Conceptual‬ ‭Framework‬ ‭of‬ ‭‘The‬ ‭Effects‬ ‭Of‬ ‭Screen‬ ‭Time‬ ‭On‬ ‭The‬
‭Academic Performance Of Nursing Students In University of the Cordilleras’‬

F‭ igure‬ ‭1‬ ‭displays‬ ‭the‬ ‭conceptual‬ ‭framework‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭study‬ ‭by‬ ‭indicating‬ ‭the‬ ‭common‬
‭variables‬ ‭that‬ ‭can‬ ‭affect‬ ‭or‬ ‭influence‬ ‭the‬ ‭relationship‬ ‭of‬ ‭independent‬ ‭and‬ ‭dependent‬
‭variables. ‬‭Particularly,‬‭the‬‭independent‬‭variable‬‭in‬‭the‬‭diagram‬‭is‬‭the‬‭‘screen‬‭time‬‭‘‬‭that‬
‭refers‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭amount‬ ‭of‬ ‭time‬ ‭nursing‬ ‭students‬ ‭spend‬ ‭in‬ ‭using‬ ‭their‬ ‭devices‬ ‭for‬
‭entertainment‬‭or‬‭educational‬‭activities.‬‭As‬‭this‬‭is‬‭the‬‭variable‬‭that‬‭is‬‭being‬‭measured‬‭and‬
‭manipulated‬‭in‬‭the‬‭research.‬‭On‬‭the‬‭other‬‭hand,‬‭academic‬‭performance‬‭is‬‭considered‬‭as‬
‭the‬ ‭dependent‬ ‭variable‬ ‭which‬ ‭might‬ ‭be‬ ‭measured‬ ‭by‬ ‭various‬‭indicators‬‭such‬‭as‬‭overall‬
‭GPA,‬‭exam‬‭scores,‬‭and‬‭clinical‬‭evaluations. ‬‭This‬‭variable‬‭is‬‭the‬‭outcome‬‭being‬‭influenced‬
‭by the independent variable (i.e. screen time).‬

‭ ommon‬‭variables‬‭that‬‭can‬‭affect‬‭the‬‭relationship‬‭of‬‭the‬‭IV‬‭and‬‭DV‬‭are‬‭the‬‭moderating‬
C
‭and‬ ‭mediating‬ ‭variables.‬ ‭In‬ ‭regard‬ ‭to‬ ‭moderating‬ ‭variables,‬ ‭learning‬ ‭styles‬ ‭(e.g.‬ ‭visual,‬
‭auditory,‬‭kinesthetic)‬‭can‬‭be‬‭one‬‭of‬‭it‬‭which‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭the‬‭preferred‬‭way‬‭of‬‭an‬‭individual‬‭in‬
‭acquiring‬ ‭and‬ ‭processing‬ ‭information.‬ ‭Moreover,‬‭self-discipline‬‭which‬‭can‬‭be‬‭referred‬‭to‬
‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭ability‬ ‭of‬ ‭an‬ ‭individual‬ ‭to‬ ‭resist‬ ‭distractions‬ ‭and‬ ‭stay‬ ‭focused‬ ‭on‬ ‭any‬ ‭tasks‬ ‭is‬ ‭also‬
‭considered‬ ‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭moderating‬ ‭variable.‬ ‭For‬ ‭instance,‬ ‭students‬ ‭who‬ ‭have‬ ‭a‬ ‭high‬
‭self-discipline‬ ‭may‬ ‭use‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭effectively‬ ‭for‬ ‭study,‬ ‭which‬ ‭may‬ ‭lead‬ ‭to‬ ‭a‬ ‭positive‬
‭impact‬ ‭on‬ ‭their‬ ‭academic‬ ‭performance.‬ ‭On‬ ‭the‬ ‭other‬ ‭hand,‬ ‭a‬ ‭student‬ ‭with‬ ‭low‬
‭self-discipline‬ ‭may‬ ‭easily‬ ‭be‬ ‭distracted‬ ‭from‬ ‭having‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭which‬ ‭may‬ ‭result‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬
‭negative impact on his/her grades. ‬

‭ onsequently,‬ ‭a‬ ‭confounding‬ ‭variable‬ ‭is‬ ‭an‬ ‭outside‬ ‭influence‬ ‭that‬ ‭changes‬ ‭the‬
C
‭relationship‬ ‭between‬ ‭the‬ ‭independent‬ ‭and‬ ‭dependent‬ ‭variables.‬ ‭In‬ ‭this‬ ‭case,‬ ‭‘prior‬

‭Page‬‭3‬‭of‬‭6‬
‭ cademic‬‭achievement’‬‭could‬‭be‬‭a‬‭confounding‬‭variable.‬‭In‬‭particular,‬‭nursing‬‭students‬
a
‭with‬ ‭high‬ ‭prior‬ ‭academic‬ ‭achievement‬ ‭might‬ ‭have‬ ‭effective‬ ‭study‬ ‭habits‬ ‭and‬ ‭time‬
‭management‬ ‭skills‬ ‭that‬ ‭allow‬ ‭them‬ ‭to‬ ‭maintain‬ ‭good‬ ‭academic‬ ‭performance‬ ‭despite‬
‭high‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time.‬ ‭In‬ ‭contrast,‬ ‭nursing‬ ‭students‬ ‭with‬ ‭low‬ ‭prior‬ ‭academic‬ ‭achievement‬
‭might struggle academically, regardless of their screen time.‬

‭S‭T‬ATEMENT‬ ‭OF‬ ‭THE‬ ‭PROBLEM‬

T‭ his‬‭research‬‭study‬‭aims‬‭to‬‭analyze‬‭and‬‭investigate‬‭the‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭use‬‭on‬‭the‬
‭academic performance of Nursing students in University of the Cordilleras.‬

‭Specifically, this paper seeks to answer the following research questions:‬

‭1.‬ W ‭ hat‬ ‭are‬‭the‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭use‬‭on‬‭academic‬‭performance‬‭experienced‬

‭by nursing students of the University of the Cordilleras?‬
‭2.‬ ‭Is‬ ‭there‬ ‭a‬ ‭significant‬ ‭effect‬ ‭between‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭use‬ ‭and‬ ‭the‬ ‭academic‬
‭performance of nursing students in terms of age: 17-23 years old.‬

‭ .‬
a ‭ 7-20 years old‬
1
‭a.‬ ‭21-23 years old‬‭‬

‭S‭I‬GNIFICANCE‬ ‭OF‬ ‭THE‬ ‭STUDY‬

‭The findings of this study will provide benefit and use to the following entities:‬

‭ niversity‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭Cordilleras‬ ‭Nursing‬ ‭Students.‬ ‭The‬ ‭findings‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭study‬ ‭will‬ ‭benefit‬ ‭the‬ ‭said‬
U
‭students‬‭as‬‭it‬‭can‬‭serve‬‭as‬‭an‬‭eye-opener‬‭for‬‭them‬‭to‬‭assess‬‭their‬‭typical‬‭daily‬‭performance‬
‭and‬‭reduce‬‭their‬‭reliance‬‭on‬‭their‬‭electronics.‬‭It‬‭will‬‭allow‬‭them‬‭to‬‭reflect‬‭on‬‭their‬‭screen‬‭time‬
‭use‬ ‭and‬ ‭positively‬ ‭influence‬ ‭their‬ ‭behavior‬ ‭towards‬ ‭proper‬ ‭time‬ ‭management‬ ‭and‬
‭successfully meet the demands of the school. ‬

T‭ he‬‭Faculty‬‭of‬‭University‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Cordilleras.‬‭The‬‭findings‬‭of‬‭this‬‭study‬‭will‬‭benefit‬‭the‬‭faculty‬‭of‬
‭University‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭Cordilleras‬ ‭-‬ ‭College‬ ‭of‬ ‭Nursing‬ ‭to‬ ‭identify‬ ‭whether‬ ‭the‬ ‭same‬ ‭threats‬ ‭are‬
‭evident‬‭in‬‭its‬‭students.‬‭It‬‭may‬‭also‬‭influence‬‭the‬‭development‬‭of‬‭recommendations‬‭regarding‬
‭the‬ ‭timing‬ ‭and‬ ‭duration‬ ‭of‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬‭improve‬‭their‬‭academic‬‭performance‬‭and‬
‭aid‬ ‭in‬ ‭preventing‬ ‭students'‬ ‭health‬ ‭and‬ ‭productivity‬ ‭problems‬ ‭due‬ ‭to‬ ‭excessive‬ ‭screen‬‭time‬
‭use. ‬

T‭ he‬ ‭Parents.‬ ‭The‬ ‭data‬ ‭and‬ ‭information‬ ‭from‬ ‭this‬ ‭research‬ ‭study‬ ‭sought‬ ‭to‬ ‭give ‬ ‭awareness‬
‭and‬ ‭help‬ ‭parents‬ ‭better‬ ‭understand‬‭the‬‭adverse‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭excessive‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭use.‬‭They‬
‭will‬ ‭also‬ ‭be‬ ‭able‬ ‭to‬ ‭correct‬ ‭and‬ ‭teach‬ ‭their‬ ‭children‬ ‭proper‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭management‬ ‭to‬
‭prevent such consequences from proliferating. ‬

T‭ he‬‭Research‬‭Community.‬‭This‬‭study‬‭will‬‭benefit‬‭fellow‬‭and‬‭future‬‭researchers‬‭as‬‭it‬‭may‬‭serve‬
‭as‬ ‭a‬ ‭reference‬ ‭or‬ ‭guide‬ ‭in‬ ‭writing‬ ‭their‬ ‭future‬ ‭research.‬ ‭It‬ ‭also‬ ‭gives‬ ‭them‬ ‭a‬ ‭better‬
‭understanding‬‭of‬‭the‬‭topic‬‭and‬‭a‬‭chance‬‭further‬‭to‬‭explore‬‭the‬‭effects‬‭of‬‭screen‬‭time‬‭use‬‭on‬
‭students' academic performance.‬

‭Page‬‭4‬‭of‬‭6‬
‭REFERENCES‬

‭Busch,‬ ‭B.‬ ‭(2020,‬ ‭March‬ ‭26).‬ ‭Is‬ ‭there‬ ‭a‬ ‭link‬ ‭between‬ ‭screen‬ ‭time‬ ‭and‬ ‭academic‬
‭performance?‬
‭https://www.innerdrive.co.uk/blog/screen-time-and-academic-performance/#:~:text‬
‭=Other%20research%20suggests%20that%20moderate‬

‭Chung,‬ ‭J.,‬ ‭McKenzie,‬‭S.,‬‭Schweinsberg,‬‭A.,‬‭&‬‭Mundy,‬‭M.‬‭(2022).‬‭Correlates‬‭of‬‭Academic‬

‭Performance‬‭in‬‭Online‬‭Higher‬‭Education:‬‭A‬‭Systematic‬‭review.‬‭Frontiers‬‭in‬‭Education‬‭,‬
‭7‭.‬‬‭https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.820567‬

‭How‬ ‭Educational‬ ‭Gadgets‬ ‭for‬ ‭Students‬ ‭Can‬ ‭Make‬ ‭College‬ ‭Life‬ ‭Easier‬ ‭(Part‬ ‭1).‬ ‭(2021).‬
‭www.senpaicorner.com.‬
‭https://www.senpaicorner.com/post/a-complete-guide-to-what-your-little-boy-or-girl-‬
‭need-to-survive-college-part-1?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR25dtTpEtCIvTv0FRcO‬
‭bE9snsmuKhbT0EO_V3SIUz1EzeFZ9CSdT9cRi2Y_aem_ARBvwS_7nYhWKQmGhqirlHaj52Z‬
‭31-VZHlgi13RwQNW5EMUImK1D2RX3oCLvl-IA7DnT9e29ghjDRfFeE5jmL5cM‬

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‭Effects‬ ‭of‬ ‭Gadgets‬ ‭on‬ ‭Students’‬ ‭Academic‬ ‭Performance‬ ‭at‬ ‭Secondary‬ ‭Level‬ ‭in‬
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