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Crop Production
Crop Production
What is the name of the undesirable plants that grow among the crops?
Answer:
Weeds
Question 2.
Name one weed.
Answer:
Wild oat
Question 3.
Name the methods applied for weeding.
Answer:
Manual method
Chemical method
Biological method
Question 4.
Name the chemicals that are used to remove weeds.
Answer:
Weedicides
Question 5.
Name a tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening soil.
Answer:
Hoe
Question 6.
What is the process of loosening and turning of the soil called?
Answer:
Tilling or ploughing
Question 7.
What are the substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients
called?
Answer:
Manure and fertilisers
Question 8.
What is the process of supplying water to crops at different intervals is called?
Answer:
Irrigation
Question 9.
What are the sources of irrigation?
Answer:
Wells, tubewells, ponds, lakes, etc.
Question 10.
What is the process of separation of grain from chaff called?
Answer:
Winnowing
Question 11.
Name two crops belonging to rabi crop.
Answer:
Pea, gram
Question 12.
Name the ideal months for the harvesting of rabi crops.
Answer:
March/April
Question 13.
Name two kharif crops.
Answer:
Soybean, groundnut
Question 14.
Name the ideal months for sowing kharif crops.
Answer:
June/July
Question 15.
Name any two fertilisers.
Answer:
NPK, Diammonium phosphate
Crop Production and Management Class 8 Extra
Questions Short Answer Questions
Question 1.
What is a crop?
Answer:
Crop is the term used to describe a plant that is grown in a field on a large scale.
For example, cereal crops, wheat crops.
Question 2.
What do you mean by produce?
Answer:
The products obtained from the crops are called produce.
Question 3.
What do you mean by the term agricultural practice?
Answer:
Agricultural practices are those practices which involve the necessary steps to be
taken during production of crops.
Question 4.
Explain the term levelling.
Answer:
Levelling is the process of breaking down the larger lumps of soil, and then
levelling them by using a leveller.
Question 5.
What are the advantages of levelling?
Answer:
Following are the advantages of levelling:
Question 6.
What is a plough?
Answer:
A plough is an equipment for ploughing. It is mainly made of a wooden shaft called
a plough-shaft, at-tached to a triangular iron blade called ploughshare.
Question 7.
What is a cultivator?
Answer:
Cultivator is a farm implement used for stirring and pulverizing the soil for planting
crops.
Question 8.
Explain the term transplantation.
Answer:
Some of the crops are first grown in the nurseries and then transferred to the main
field. This process is known as transplantation.
Question 9.
What are the advantages of manure?
Answer:
Following are some advantages of manure:
Question 10.
What are weedicides? Give some examples.
Answer:
Weedicides are the chemicals that are used to remove weeds. Some commonly
used weedicides are 2, 4-D and metachlor.
Question 2.
What is ploughing or tilling? State its advantages.
Answer:
The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is
done by using a plough. Ploughs are made of wood or iron.
Following are the advantages of ploughing or tilling:
Question 3.
Define the term agricultural practices and also state the important steps taken
during crop production.
Answer:
Agricultural practices are those practices which involves the necessary steps to be
taken during production of crops. There are number of steps of crop production
which are to be done very carefully to ensure that crops get produced timely.
Some of the most important steps taken during crop production are as under:
Soil preparation
Sowing
Adding manure and fertilisers
Irrigation
Weeding
Harvesting
Threshing and winnowing
Storage of grains
Question 4.
What is irrigation? Name the two main methods of irrigation and define them
briefly.
Answer:
The artificial method of watering the plants for assisting in the growth of the plants
is called irrigation. The two main methods of irrigation are:
Question 5.
What do you mean by weeding? Why the process of weeding necessary? Name
the methods applied for weeding.
Answer:
The undesirable plants that grow among the crops are called weeds. The process
of removing these weeds is known as weeding. Weeds compete with the crop
plants for nutrients and space. They grow much rapidly than the crop plant. So
weeding is necessary.
Methods applied for weeding are as follows:
Question 6.
Write short note on the terms:
Storage
Harvesting
Answer:
Storage: Storage of produce is an important task. If the crop grains are to be
kept for longer time, they should be safe from moisture, insects, rats and
microorganisms. Before storing, the grains are properly dried in the sun to
reduce the moisture in them. This prevents the attack by insect pests,
bacteria and fungi. Grains are stored by farmers in jute bags or metallic bins.
However, large scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries to
protect them from pests like rats and insects.
Harvesting: After maturation of crop, harvesting is an important task. In
harvesting, crops are pulled out or cut close to the ground. It usually takes 3
to 4 months for a cereal crop to mature. Harvesting in our country is either
done manually by sickle or by machine called harvester.
Question 2.
Why sowing seeds with seed drill is better than broadcasting?
Answer:
Seed drill sows the seeds uniformly at proper distances and depths, whereas
broadcasting of seeds scatter them non-uniformly on the ground surface which are
susceptible to be picked up by birds.
Question 3.
How can nitrogen be replenished in soil naturally?
Answer:
Through crop rotation with a leguminous crop the nitrogen can be replenished in
soil naturally. The leguminous plants, like peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, etc.,
have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria, viz.,
Rhizobium, fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which is used by
the plants.
Question 4.
Why is it advisable to wash fruits and vegetables before using them?
Answer:
Fruits and vegetables may contain many pesticides, used during the crop
production practices, on them along with other germs and dust.
Question 5.
What is biological control of pest? How is it beneficial?
Answer:
Method of controlling pests including insects, mites, weeds, etc., with the help of
other living organisms are known as biological control of pest. The controlling
agents are very much particular of their host pest. For example, lady bugs controls
aphids, mites, scale insects, etc., which harm the crops. A wasp eats up bollworms
or other caterpillars on cotton plant.
Benefits of biocontrol agents are:
Less costly
Give protection to the crop throughout the crop period
Eco-friendly
Harmless to human beings and beneficial to flora and fauna
Answer:
(c) Organic farming uses all the natural ways to provide nutrients and to get rid of
the pests. So it reduces the harmful effects of pesticides and fertilisers on human
beings.
(d) Krishi Vigyan Kendra shows concern about the growing use of pesticides,
fertilisers, etc., and their adverse effect on human health. It is spreading awareness
amongst farmers about eco-friendly ways of cultivating crops.
Question 1.
Sow some seeds in the soil and arrange to water them by drip irrigation. Observe
daily.
Answer:
Yes, it can save water. The drip system is a better manager of water.
We observe that seed begins to germinate.
Question 2.
Collect different types of seeds and put them in small bags. Attach these bags in a
herbarium file and label them.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 3.
Collect new agricultural machine pictures and paste in a file with their names and
uses.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 4.
Project Work
Visit a farm, nursery or a garden nearby. Gather information about
(i) importance of seed selection.
(ii) method of irrigation.
(iii) effect of extreme cold and extreme hot weather on the plants.
(iv) effect of continuous rain on the plants.
(v) fertilisers/manure used.
Answer:
(i) Good quality seeds are essential to grow a strong and healthy crop. Also type of
fruit or final pro¬duce desire depends on seed selection.
(ii)
(iii) In extreme cold weather, water inside the plants will freeze and cells will burst
from the expansion of water. Ultimately the plants will die. In extreme hot weather,
the plant will loose more water than it absorb. So plant will die of wilting.
(iv) If plant grows in well drained field, there is no problem, as there is no water
logging. In case if continuous rain causes water logging, the root system gets
damaged, as the rain blocks the pores of soil and the root of plant will not be able
to take proper oxygen. So it will cause death of the plant. The continuous rain may
also affect the leaves as they get torn and damaged.
(v) Do it yourself.
Question 2.
Products obtained from the crops are called
(a) yield
(b) produce
(c) crop
(d) fertilisers
Question 3.
The practice of growing two or more dissimilar crops in the same field one after
another is
(a) crop rotation
(b) tilling
(c) plantation
(d) weeding
Question 4.
The unwanted plants that grow along with the crops are called
(a) fertilisers
(b) manure
(c) weeds
(d) kharif crops
Question 5.
The ideal months for harvesting kharif crop are
(a) June/July
(b) August/September
(c) September/October
(d) November/December
Question 6.
Which of the following is an example of rabi crop?
(a) Potato
(b) Onion
(c) Jute
(d) Pulses
Question 7.
The method of loosening the soil is called
(a) harvesting
(b) ploughing
(c) levelling
(d) threshing
Question 8.
Levelling of soil helps to prevent
(a) soil erosion
(b) cultivation
(c) sowing
(d) drought
Question 9.
Which of the following is not a kharif crop?
(a) Paddy
(b) Maize
(c) Groundnut
(d) Peas
Question 10.
Which of the following are agricultural implements?
(a) Seed drills
(b) Silos
(c) Harrow
(d) All of these
Question 11.
The process of beating out grains from the harvested wheat crop is called
(a) beating
(b) crushing
(c) threshing
(d) harvesting
Question 12.
Watering the crops is called
(a) sowing
(b) manuring
(c) tilling
(d) irrigation
Question 13.
Which of the following is not provided to the soil by a chemical fertiliser?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Humus
(c) Potassium
(d) Phosphorus
Question 14.
The chemical substances rich in nutrients are called
(a) fertilisers
(b) weedicides
(c) pesticides
(d) herbicides
Question 15.
Compost is basically a
(a) manure
(b) fertiliser
(c) pesticide
Answer:
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (c)
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. (d)
10. (d)
11. (c)
12. (d)
13. (b)
14. (a)