BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

Introduction
- Developed to provide a common language for teachers.
- Used for assessing learning on different cognitive levels.
- Encourages higher-order thought by starting from lower-level skills.
Bloom's Taxonomy
Knowledge
• Definition: Rote factual knowledge.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Ability to recall information.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Lowest level of learning.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., define, label, list)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Lecture, Memorization)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Q & A using clickers)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: define, label, list)
• Example Assessment: Label the parts of the human eye.
Comprehension
• Definition: Understanding the meaning of information.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Translating materials, explaining, summarizing.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Lowest level of understanding.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., describe, discuss, explain)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Readings, Graphic Organizers)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Q & A, Student presentations)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: describe, explain)
Application
• Definition: Using information to solve problems.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Applying learned material.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Higher understanding than comprehension.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., apply, demonstrate, predict)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Case Studies, Practice)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Student demonstrations, Q & A)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: apply, use, solve)
Analysis
• Definition: Examining and understanding materials.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Developing multiple conclusions.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Understanding content and structure.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., analyze, compare, differentiate)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Case Studies, Labs)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Small group discussions, Graphic Organizers)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: analyze, compare)
Synthesis
• Definition: Applying prior knowledge creatively.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Producing a new end product.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Emphasizes creativity.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., create, design, invent)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Research/Labs, Plan development)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Small group discussions, Student presentations)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: develop, propose)
Evaluation
• Definition: Judging value based on criteria.
• Behavioral Learning Outcome: Producing an end product fulfilling a purpose.
• Cognitive Learning Outcome: Contains all other categories.
• Key Phrases for Assessment: (e.g., assess, critique, justify)
• Teaching/Learning Methods: (e.g., Debates, Demonstrations)
• Formative Assessments: (e.g., Small group discussions, Debates)
• Summative Assessments: (e.g., Exam items: evaluate, defend)