Ezekiel B.
Olac BSA- C01
CWORLD
MIGRATION AND DEMOGRAPHY
SURVIVAL
 Man’s basic instinct
EARLY NOMADIC
 “Survival of the fittest”
Reiterating once again the relevance of the state as
the venue for the process of:
 Humanization by Rationalization
 Racial Settlement
Transforming the human being from
 “Savage wanderer to a civilized settler”
Migration and survival in the globalization context
 Globalization
 Migration
 Income and Occupational Polarization
 Conscious effort: self-adjustment for
demographic factors
 Self defense mechanism adaptation to new
social environment
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
BIBLICAL — RELIGIOUS ACCOUNTS
 Genesis 1:28, “God said unto Adam and
Eve, “Go Forth and Multiply Fill the Earth
and Subdue it”
PURELY — HISTORICAL SCIENTIFIC
ACCOUNT
 Where the theory of evolution is given
preference, man’s origin dates back as
early as 3 to 4 million years ago upon the
discovery of what is believed to be the
earliest hominid
EVOLUTION CONTEXT
 Our embedded natural self-defense
mechanism made us seemingly different
from other peoples of other continents as
our bodies adapt to the harsh realities of
the environment
GLOBALIZATION CONTEXT
 Our self defense mechanism is our
conscious effort of the migrant to adapt to
his new-found environment-community
involving his decision for marriage, having
children
CHOICE OF JOB
 How much the income, the challenge of
health integrity, that in the absence of
familiarity and not accessibility
TYPES OF MIGRATION
IMMIGRATION
 Moving into another country
EMIGRATION
 Moving out of a country
INTERNATIONAL
 Moving from one country to another
VOLUNTARY
 Moving by choice
FORCED
 Having to move- reasons could include:
war, famine, natural disaster, political
asylum
TEMPORARY/SEASONAL
 Moving for a short period of time
RURAL TO URBAN
 Moving from the countryside to the city
URBAN TO RURAL
 Moving from the city to the countryside
ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF INT’L
MIGRATION
SAMUEL AND GEORGE (2002)
 Presented that some of the distinguishing
features of international migration in the
last few decades
1. The migration flows mainly occur from
developing to developed countries
2. A higher proportion of migrants are better
qualified than the native population in
most of the countries receiving migrants if
undocumented immigrants are excluded
3. Undocumented immigration has become a
significant component of international
migration despite measures adopted to
prevent or reduce such migration
4. Females constitute an increasing
proportion of international migrants some
countries referring to the “feminization” of
migration
5. The diaspora of foreign — origin persons
in many countries has reached significant
proportions and they have built up a
certain amount of political clout.
TYPES OF MIGRATION
1. INTERNAL MIGRATION
a. Rural—Urban
 Movement of people away from the rural
region (countryside, farms) to an urban
(town, city) area.
b. Seasonal
 also known as labor migration; refers to
movement of people away from their
homes to find a livelihood, usually on
temporary basis
c. Planned
Ezekiel B. Olac BSA- C01
 refers to large-scale migration pf people  Money/earn more money
within a country usually carried out by the  Jobs/Job Opportunities
government  City life
 Transmigration Programme of  Food
Indonesia- most famous example  Entertainment and facilities
2. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PUSH FACTORS
a. Voluntary  Climate disasters
 Movement of people by choice or one’s  Farmers life
own free will  Poverty
b. Involuntary  War/ persecution
 Forced migration; movement of people  Lack of jobs/job opportunities
caused by events which forced people to  Isolated- few transportations
move against their will  Poor health and education services

1. Work and livelihood

REFUGEES 2. Exchange Rates and inter-state income
 Persons who owing to well founded fear of disparity
persecutions 3. Technology trends
INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION 4. Politics and governance
CAUSES 5. Training and education
 Unfavorable social conditions 6. Population explosion
 Unfavorable environmental conditions 7. Development urbanization
EFFECTS SUSTAINABILITY
 Refugees cause economic strain in host  Is coextensive with survivability
country  Capable of being sustained or relating to
 poorly equipped refugee camp (Meriam Webster’s Dictionary)
 unrest refugees refuse to go home  Development that satisfies the needs of
 refugees depend on aid from developed future generations (www.acciona.com)
countries “Man’s existence has always been associated with
 locked up in barricaded detention site movement”
VOLUNTARY MIGRATION  Movement can be seen on the physio-
CAUSES biological sense, cultural-spiritual sense,
 lower living cost innovative-technological sense, and socio-
 more relaxed and less stressful lifestyle demographic sense
 higher income and better lifestyle  Movement requires energy
 better recognition of their talents and skills
MIGRANTS BIODIVERSITY
LEGAL MIGRANTS  Variability and variety of living organisms
 Migrants that legally enter into the and life in general from all sources on
country, have a valid immigrant visa and earth
proper documentation ECOSYSTEM
ILLEGAL MIGRANTS  Living and non-living organisms
 A person who owing, to illegal entry or the ENVIRONEMENT
expiry of her or his visa, lacks legal status  Aggregate of all external and internal
in a transit or host country. conditions affecting organisms
 The term applies to migrants who infringe CLIMATE
a country’s admission rules and any other  Weather of a locality or region over an
person not authorized to remain in the host extended period of time
country. NATURE
REASONS FOR MIGRATION  Entire material universe and its
PULL FACTORS phenomena. Man in concluded in nature
 Healthcare  Better quality of life POLLUTION
 Peace Less likelihood of natural
 Education hazards
Ezekiel B. Olac BSA- C01
 Harmful, poisonous substances, or energy  Deemed to balance the different and
source introduced at a rate which is faster oftentimes
than the environment
 TWO CONCEPTS
THREE PARTS OF SUSTAINABILITY  Concept of “needs”- essential needs of the
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY world
 Prevents nature from being used at an  Concept of “limitations”- imposed by the
inexhaustible source state of technology and social
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY organizations
 Foster the development of people
communities and cultures GLOBAL DIVIDE
ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY  Disparaties in income and living
 Focuses on equal economic growth conditions between advance and
developing states
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
SUSTAINABLE ECOLOGY  Measure of income is used to measure of
 Amplifies on resources relevant to human how countries are improving
health 10 COUNTRIES WITH HIGHES GDP
SUSTAINBALE AGRICULTURE  US
 Nature-friendly schemes in the field of  China
farming, livestock raising and fishing  Japan
should be utilize  Germany
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY  UK
 Radiating the relevance and timely  France
proliferation renewable energy  India
 Italy
4 ESSENTIAL INTERCONNECTED  Brazil
DOMAINS  Canada
1.CULTURE
2.POLITICS INCOME INEQUALITY
3.ECONOMICS  Measure how the wealth in the economy is
4.ECOLOGY distributed among the population
POVERTY
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES  State or condition which a
 Human activities undeniably yields to person/community lacks financial
planetary atrocities and as a consequence resources
result to climate change and global ABSOLUTE POVERTY
warming  Income below minimum level required for
physical survival
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT  Severe deprivation of basic human needs
 1972, first major international recognition MODERATE POVERTY
at UN’s conference on Human  Needs are barely met but survival is
Environment held in Stockholm not actually threatened
 1980, world conservation strategy includes  Have access to the basic necessities of
one of the pioneering references to life
sustainable development
 1982, five principles of “conservation” Example Countries
was raised by UN World Charter for Dr Congo Ethiopia
Nature Mozambique Tanzania
 1987, report Our Common Future was Uganda Kyrgyztan
 published by UN World Commission on Tajikistan Uzbekistan
Environment and Development Yemen
Haiti
DEVELOPMENT APPROACH
Ezekiel B. Olac BSA- C01
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
 Created to emphasize the people and their
capabilities
 Can be used to question national policy
choices
 Summary measure of average achievement

PERSPECTIVES ON GLOBAL DIVIDE

MODERNIZATION THEORY
 Argues that society undergoes stages of
growth and move from being traditional
society to modern one
TRADITIONALISM
 Upholding or maintenance of tradition,
especially to as to resist change
DEPENDENCY THEORY
 Argues that the root cause of poverty and
underdevelopment is IMPERIALISM
NEO-LIBERAL THEORY
 Combines arguments support of free
market
ENDO
 Form of contractualization which involves
companies ging workers temporary
employment
PATERNALISM
 action limiting a persons’ or ‘groups’
liberty or anatomy
WORLD SYSTEM THEORY
 argument of dependency thinkers
GLOBAL SOUTH
 less economically developed countries
GLOBAL NORTH
 more advanced and developed countries

ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
 refers to widespread international
movements of goods, services etc.
 international commodity markets, labor
markets, and capital markets make up the
economy and define economic
globalization