Curriculum

Implementation
Dr. Nurulwahida Hj Azid @Aziz
Associate Professor
School of Education
Universiti Utara Malaysia
Content

´ The nature of implementation

´ Curriculum implementation model
´ Key Players
 The Nature of Implementation

´ Relationship to Planning
´Incrementalism – implementation as procedures for
managing cahange
´Communication - vertical to horizontal
´Support – total school organization to support and
maximize the delivery and engagement of teacher and
students with the implemented curriculum
Curriculum Implementation Model

´ Overcoming Resistance to Change (ORC)

´ Organizational Development (OD)
´ Concern-Based Adoption Model (CBA)
´ System Model
 Overcoming Resistance to Change (ORC)
´ Leaders’ ability to overcome staff resistance to change
´ Power Equalization
´ Ownership and Commitment

1: aware but no personally or professionally

Unrelated Concern affected

Personal Concern 2: react to the innovation in term of personal

Task-Related
Concern 3 : actual use innovation

Impact-Related
Concern 4: Concern with how the innovation will affect students, colleagues,
community
Organizational Development (OD)
´ Improve the organization’s problem solving and renewal
process
´ Emphasis on teamwork and organizational culture
´ Curriculum implementation is ongoing and interactive
Concern-Based Adoption Model (CBA)
´ Related to the OD Model
´ Those who use a CBA believe that all change originates with individuals.
´ Individual change through-change behaviors and institutions

Awareness of innovation

Awareness of information level

Concern of self

Concern of teaching

Concern of students
System Model

´ OD and CBA draw on system thinking

´ Solar system
´ Relation among people and structure
Key Players

´ Students
´ Teachers
´ Supervisors
´ Principals
´ Curriculum Directors
´ Curriculum Consultants
´ Parents and Community
 Activity: Online Forum

´ Who are or should be the major curriculum implementation

players? Why?
References

´ Ornstein, C. A. & Hunkins, P. F., ( 2013). Curriculum: Foundations, principles

and Issues (6th ed). U.S.A. : Pearson Education, Inc.