Case Study –

Construction renovation project of

the Palace of Count Jelačić
Krešimir Tarnik dipl.ing.građ. (UOIG Tarnik)
Nikša Ivanović mag.ing.aedif. (UOIG Tarnik)
 Palace of Count Jelačić (DHMZ)
• The building is located on the southwest corner of the former
upper town medieval fortress
• Multiple upgrades and reconstructions over the years
• The building is protected as an individually protected cultural
asset
• Architecturally, it is formed in 3 connected wings that form the U-
shaped plan
• The floor plan dimensions of the building are 40x33 m.
• Structure: basement+ground floor+2 floors+attic
• The clear floor height is 3.5 - 3.8m on the lower floors, and the
height of the attic space in the ridge H ≈ 4.30m.
• The total height of the building is approx. 21m
• Basic vertical structural system of unbounded old format brick
wall in lime mortar, thickness 45-170 cm
• Partition walls are made of solid brick and slag concrete
• The foundations are constructed as roughly hewned stone walls
• Basic horizontal structural system: Inter-storey constructions
made of arches and vaults and wooden beams on higher floors
• Wooden roof - double overhang
• Gross area 3600 m2
Damage classification
In the earthquake on March 22, 2020. the building suffered significant damage and
according to EMS-98 it was classified as a red mark - UNUSABLE)
• Unconnected walls
• Diagonal cracks
• A mixed structure of
walls without real brick
connections
• Unconnected walls
• Diagonal cracks
• A mixed structure of walls without real brick
connections
• Separation of walls and falling out of plane
 • Threaded rod tensioners
to stop the walls from
falling out of a plane -
part of the emergency
protection measures
• Unconnected walls
• Diagonal cracks
• Mixed structure of walls without real connections
• Separation of walls and falling out of plane
• Significant cracks in almost all vaults
• Unconnected walls
• Mixed structure of walls without real connections
• Separation of walls and falling out of plane
• Significant cracks in almost all vaults
• Non-maintenance of the structure - water
penetration through the roof
• Significant cracks in the existing wooden
structure
• Added support and temporary strengthening as
part of emergency protection measures
Inspection result: Significant cracks in almost all walls and ceilings of the above-ground floors, pronounced
loss of stability of the walls - especially the facade walls towards the courtyard, which have displacement
from the vertical plane through 1-2 floors!
Main causes of damage:
Illustration of separation of walls by out-
Conceptual flaws: of-plane loading.

• The overall structure was not built according to earthquake resistance criteria.
• A building with wooden ceiling structures: wooden ceilings do not have the properties of rigid
diaphragms, nor do they have the ability to connect all the assemblies of the main structure into a single
anti-seismic spatial structure.
• Insufficient capacity of joints of basic assemblies and structural
elements.
• Irregularities in the layout and structure of the walls
• Walls of greater rigidity that do not directly take over the ceiling
structures Eccentricity of the center of mass and
• Insufficient percentage of walls in the transverse direction rigidity
Acquired disadvantages:
• Deficiency as a result of ageing and non-maintenance of the building: The structural elements of the
building lose mechanical properties as they age, especially the facade and roof elements that are
exposed to the elements.
• Multiple reconstructions of load-bearing masonry walls
• Closing of existing and construction of new openings without adequate reinforcement during opening or
proper masonry closing of the existing opening
• Removal of part of load-bearing walls, etc.
Detailed examination of the structure
1. Determination of geotechnical parameters
2. Determining the thickness and composition of
ceilings
3. Determination of mechanical characteristics of
materials and assemblies (shear strength of
masonry and "Flat jack")
4. Determination of the dynamic parameters of
the structure
1. Geotechnical parameters
The soil at the location in question belongs to soil
class C - Deep deposits of dense or medium-dense
sand, gravel or stiff clay from several dozen to
several hundreds of meters thick.
Excerpt from the geomechanical study
Given that the building in question is planned for
reconstruction, which reduces the load on the
foundation soil compared to the existing condition, it is
concluded that the reconstruction will not threaten the
mechanical resistance and stability of the existing
building - the Grič tunnel.
 2. Determining the thickness and composition of ceilings

Opis pozicije Međukatna konstrukcija drvenih grednika

Stalno opterećenje
Br. Sloj
Opis pozicije Međukatna konstrukcija svoda gk [kN/m2]

Stalno opterećenje 01 / Završni sloj poda 0,125

Br. Sloj
gk [kN/m2] 02 / Šuta 1,7
01 / Pod-parket 0,15 03 / Daske 0,125
02 / Slijepi pod/ daske 0,15 04 / Drvene grede 0,20
03 / Šuta sa kontragredama 5,04 05 / Donja drvena oplata 0,125
04 / Opečni svod+mort 2,7 06 / Podgled 0,18
05 / Podgled žbuka 0,18 07 / Pregradni zidovi 1,0
Ukupno stalno opterećenje 8,5 Ukupno stalno opterećenje 3,5

S101
S301

S201
3. Determination of mechanical characteristics of materials and assemblies.
4. Determination of the dynamic parameters of the structure

Period osciliranja Postojeće stanje

konstrukcije T [s] f [Hz]
1.ton 0,406 2,46
2.ton 0,315 3,18
3.ton 0,267 3,74
4.ton 0,228 4,37
 Analysis of seismic resistance of existing walls
• A rough analysis was carried out (assessing the condition of
the structure based on the area of the walls)
• Load analysis - determined total mass of the building
• The first tone of the eigenforms was determined according to
empirical expressions and compared with tests
• Determined earthquake forces for both directions according
to the response spectrum (behavior f. q=1.5) – lateral forces
method according to EN1998
3.1 Seismic load input parameters
Experimental determination of the dynamic
parameters of the structure confirmed the empirical
expressions!
1 mode 2,46Hz ≈ 0,41
Design spectrum type 1 0,598

Design spectrum type 2

0,475

According to the national annexe HRN EN 1998-1:2011/NA:2011/A1:2021, the building has to be analyzed on both
response spectra!
For the vibration period of the building of 0.411 s, the relevant designed spectrum is type 1.
The horizontal seismic force in both directions amounts to almost 60% of the mass of the building!
Calculation of the total weight of the building and the seismic force.

When carrying out a rough check of seismic

resistance, the load values per m2 were averaged
and the seismic forces per floor were obtained.
Conclusion of the "rough" analysis :
• A preliminary calculation showed that the walls have a bearing capacity of between 35-72%, depending on the direction of
extension and position in the floor
• An important note in the interpretation of these results is that the main assumption of the seismic resistance analysis of the existing
building is that the ceiling structures are anchored to the walls and have the role of diaphragms and have a favorable effect on the
behavior of the structure. They evenly distribute the load on the walls at floor level and reduce the unsupported height of the wall,
which is extremely important when performing local wall failure mechanisms. It is also important to restore damaged walls to at
least their original resistance
• Lack of rough analysis: conservative approach, consideration of only one form of failure by shear which is not the dominant form
of failure of this type of building
• According to the Croatian Technical Regulations, the building in question belongs to renovation level
Technical Regulation on Amendments to the Technical Regulation for Building Structures OG 7/2022

The regulation does not define action but

resistance!Level 3:

agR/g = (TNCR = 475 g.) 75% IZO 0,75 ✓

agR/g = (TNCR = 225 g.) 100% IZO 0,75 ✓
According to the Technical Regulation, the building in question belongs to renovation level 3
The level of renovation should achieve a significant structural damage index (SDI) of at least 0.75. At this level of renovation, in addition
to checking the limit state of significant damage, it is mandatory to check the limit state of limited damage according to HRN EN 1998-3
for seismic action determined for an earthquake with a comparative probability of exceeding 10% in 10 years (comparative return period
95 years) and an importance factor for buildings according to HRN EN 1998-1.
To meet the requirements of mechanical resistance and stability of the building classified LEVEL 3 (cultural heritage), and to correct the
original deficiencies of the building, strengthening measures are foreseen:

• Construction of a rigid or semi-rigid diaphragm on all floors of the building

• Construction of the RC ring beam (superstructure) around the perimeter of the attic wall

• Connection of slabs of new composite wood/concrete with the existing masonry structure

• Construction of the new roof of the chair system

• Strengthening of all transverse gables with RC wall construction, in addition to the existing one, on the inside.

• Reinforcement of all perimeter walls on the outside with the CRM-composite reinforced mortar system

• Reinforcement of all internal walls that are retained with shotcrete

• Remodeling and bricklaying of the eastern wall where there is a Gothic window. After restoring and rebuilding the wall with a system of confined
and reinforced brick walls of a new format, the Gothic window is returned and presented in its original position.

• Construction of rigid RC elevator shaft and staircase cores

• Interconnection of existing walls with anchor rods on all floors

• Subconcreting of the existing foundations of the perimeter walls with connection to the existing structure and the construction of a new RC
foundation grid under all new walls

• Reinforcement of existing ceiling vaults with CRM-composite reinforced mortar system

Construction reinforcement project Ploča / Zid
1. d = 0.30 m (Novi AB zidovi)

Design Flow Chart:

Construction modeling together

with new RC elements

Conducted seismic calculation for

reduced earthquake action agR/g =
(TNCR = 225 g.)
Ploča / Zid
7. d = 0.40 m
8. d = 0.50 m
9. d = 0.60 m
Displacement analysis - checking 10. d = 0.70 m
11. d = 0.80 m
the limit state of limited damage 12. d = 0.90 m
13. d = 1.00 m
according to HRN EN 1998-3 14. d = 1.20 m

Integrating stress to obtain shear

forces in walls – expected
destressing in some walls due to
high stiffness elements

Dimensioning of existing walls

without reinforcemen
SATISFIES DOES NOT SATISFY

Additional wall reinforcement

Finished design and recalculation
The most common form of masonry wall failure
 Analysis of existing walls in interaction with new RC cores Ploča / Zid ZIDOVI KATA
7. d = 0.40 m NZ-PS-S NZ-DS-S NZ-DS-T NZ-PS-EC8 Mjerod.
8. d = 0.50 m OKVIR ZID N ed M Ed VEd L t H Am LC σd,Lc fvk VRd σd,L τ Rd VRHd Rds,w fd Vfl,d VRd VRd,min1 V Rd/VEd
VRd,min > VEd
9. d = 0.60 m [T ower] [T ower] [kN] [kNm] [kN] [cm] [cm] [cm] 2
[cm ] [cm] [kN/cm ] 2
[kN/cm 2] [kN] [kN/cm2 ] [kN/cm2 ] [kN] [kN] [kN/cm2 ] [kN] [kN] [kN] %
10. d = 0.70 m Z334 64,72 35,25 146,3 250 60 400 15000 212 0,005 0,0185 116 0,004 0,006 57 63 0,221 20 20 20 Nije zadovoljeno 740%
Z335 150,7 25,56 30,79 210 60 400 12600 210 0,012 0,0213 132 0,012 0,007 62 69 0,221 37 37 37 Zadovoljeno 83%
11. d = 0.80 m
Z336 19,07 33,93 26,78 230 60 400 13800 Nema Lc # VALUE! # ## ## # 0 0,001 0,005 45 50 0,221 5 0 0 Nije zadovoljeno 0%
12. d = 0.90 m Z337 194,16 71,7 95,02 170 60 400 10200 144 0,022 0,0255 109 0,019 0,009 59 66 0,221 37 37 37 Nije zadovoljeno 256%
13. d = 1.00 m Z338 256,8 27,89 38,01 140 60 400 8400 140 0,031 0,0287 119 0,031 0,011 59 65 0,221 38 38 38 Nije zadovoljeno 101%
K_9
14. d = 1.20 m Z339 244,16 26,71 34,59 140 60 400 8400 140 0,029 0,0281 117 0,029 0,010 58 64 0,221 36 36 36 Zadovoljeno 95%
Z340 176,97 54,89 80,79 170 60 400 10200 162 0,018 0,0238 114 0,017 0,008 57 64 0,221 34 34 34 Nije zadovoljeno 236%
Z341 7,55 17,76 26,4 200 60 400 12000 Nema Lc # VALUE! # ## ## # 0 0,001 0,005 37 41 0,221 2 0 0 Nije zadovoljeno 0%
Z342 122,51 25,33 33,3 200 60 400 12000 200 0,010 0,0206 122 0,010 0,007 57 63 0,221 29 29 29 Nije zadovoljeno 115%
Z343 12,19 21,73 114,84 200 60 400 12000 Nema Lc # VALUE! # ## ## # 0 0,001 0,005 38 42 0,221 3 0 0 Nije zadovoljeno 0%
Z344 63,38 5,3 49,67 230 60 400 13800 230 0,005 0,0183 125 0,005 0,006 53 59 0,221 18 18 18 Nije zadovoljeno 279%
Z345 93,04 44,01 56,2 370 60 400 22200 370 0,004 0,0182 199 0,004 0,006 84 93 0,221 42 42 42 Nije zadovoljeno 134%
K_11 Z346 226,3 57,41 76,7 360 60 400 21600 360 0,010 0,0207 221 0,010 0,007 103 114 0,221 96 96 96 Zadovoljeno 80%
Z347 230,23 48,37 73,22 380 60 400 22800 380 0,010 0,0205 231 0,010 0,007 107 119 0,221 104 104 104 Zadovoljeno 71%
Z348 46,89 30,33 112,67 260 60 400 15600 196 0,004 0,0181 105 0,003 0,005 56 62 0,221 15 15 15 Nije zadovoljeno 751%
Z303 18,9 3,96 46,21 130 60 400 7800 130 0,002 0,0175 67 0,002 0,005 27 30 0,221 3 3 3 Nije zadovoljeno 1524%
Z304 67,67 21,19 36,85 140 60 400 8400 116 0,010 0,0204 70 0,008 0,007 37 41 0,221 11 11 11 Nije zadovoljeno 325%
Z305 90,64 13,25 23,41 140 60 400 8400 140 0,011 0,0208 86 0,011 0,007 40 45 0,221 15 15 15 Nije zadovoljeno 156%
Z306 120,59 13,87 24,43 160 60 400 9600 160 0,013 0,0215 102 0,013 0,008 48 54 0,221 23 23 23 Nije zadovoljeno 108%
Z307 100,45 11,59 15,87 130 60 400 7800 130 0,013 0,0217 83 0,013 0,008 40 44 0,221 15 15 15 Nije zadovoljeno 104%
H_5
Z22 5
Z215

Construction position plan Z308 97,49 13,63 19,85 130 60 400 7800 130 0,012 0,0215 83 0,012 0,008 39 44 0,221 15 15 15 Nije zadovoljeno 134%

Z245
Schematic view of the walls

Z234
Z309 140,4 15,2 23,83 180 60 400 10800 180 0,013 0,0217 116 0,013 0,008 55 61 0,221 29 29 29 Zadovoljeno 81%
Z216

Z310 92,35 6,73 10,58 110 60 400 6600 110 0,014 0,0221 72 0,014 0,008 34 38 0,221 12 12 12 Zadovoljeno 90%

Z241 Z242 Z243 Z244

Z22 6

Z311 86,19 6,57 10,48 120 60 400 7200 120 0,012 0,0213 76 0,012 0,007 36 40 0,221 12 12 12 Zadovoljeno 86%

Z233
Z312 89,7 3,33 13,63 100 60 400
Z217

6000 100 0,015 0,0225 67 0,015 0,008 32 36 0,221 10 10 10 Nije zadovoljeno 132%
Z315 78,39 12,38 21,22 110 50 400 5500 110 0,014 0,0222 60 0,014 0,008 29 32 0,221 10 10 10 Nije zadovoljeno 213%
Z22 7

Z316 151,06 68,31 57,22 230 50 400

Z21 8

11500 209 0,014 0,0223 115 0,013 0,008 59 65 0,221 40 40 40 Nije zadovoljeno 141%

Z232
V_5 Z317 199,15 115,19 113,01 360 50 400 18000 360 0,011 0,0209 186 0,011 0,007 87 97 0,221 84 84 84 Nije zadovoljeno 134%

1.
Z219

Z318 145,05 114,14 148,89 400 50 400 20000 364 0,008 0,0197 177 0,007 0,006 86 95 0,221 70 70 70 Nije zadovoljeno 213%
Z228

Z319 94,91 46,91 134,1 330 50 400 16500 330 0,006 0,0188 153 0,006 0,006 67 74 0,221 38 38 38 Nije zadovoljeno 353%

Z231

Z240
Z324 122,54 20,58 45,15 140 50 400 7000 140 0,018 0,0235 81 0,018 0,008 39 44 0,221 19 19 19 Nije zadovoljeno 232%
Z220

Z325 129,04 82,43 82,53 170 50 400 8500 63 0,041 0,0328 51 0,015 0,008 46 51 0,221 25 25 25 Nije zadovoljeno 327%
Z229

Z230

Z238 Z239
Z221

Z326 66,19 49,88 87,46 170 50 400 8500 29 0,046 0,0348 25 0,008 0,007 37 41 0,221 13 13 13 Nije zadovoljeno 648%
Z202 Z203 Z204 Z205 Z206 Z207 Z208 Z209 Z210 Z211
Z327 131,1 64,5 71,82 160 50 400 8000 92 0,028 0,0279 64 0,016 0,008 44 49 0,221 24 24 24 Nije zadovoljeno 299%
Z222

Z328 298,8 65,5 64,21 180 50 400 9000 180 0,033 0,0298 132 0,033 0,011 65 72 0,221 56 56 56 Nije zadovoljeno 115%
V_7
Z329 313,08 59,8 54,31 180 50 400 9000 180 0,035 0,0304 135 0,035 0,011 66 74 0,221 58 58 58 Zadovoljeno 94%

Z236 Z237
Z223

Z330 184,08 61,16 49,28 150 50 400

Z213Z214
7500 125 0,029 0,0283 87 0,025 0,010 48 53 0,221 30 30 30 Nije zadovoljeno 164%

Z235
2. 3.
Z212

Z331 100,44 62,6 62,96 130 50 400 6500 8 0,250 0,1167 23 0,015 0,008 35 39 0,221 15 15 15 Nije zadovoljeno 420%
Z22 4

Z201 Z332 41,18 37,78 46,76 150 50 400 7500 Nema Lc # VALUE! # ## ## # 0 0,005 0,006 30 33 0,221 8 0 0 Nije zadovoljeno 0%
Z333 112,94 59,98 137,92 250 50 400 12500 216 0,010 0,0207 110 0,009 0,007 57 63 0,221 34 34 34 Nije zadovoljeno 410%
Z320 421,3 226,3 142,82 470 50 400 23500 470 0,018 0,0237 275 0,018 0,009 134 149 0,221 224 224 134 Nije zadovoljeno 107%
Z321 312,05 85,19 87,78 250 50 400 12500 250 0,025 0,0265 163 0,025 0,010 81 90 0,221 85 85 81 Nije zadovoljeno 109%
V_6
Wall analysis procedure in TOWER software: Z322 94,13 5,99 8,07 80 50 400

•Founding places with the highest shear force M = 22.28/16.40 M = 13.96/-14.12 M = 14.45/-1.31 M = 68.18/47.85 M = 29.41/6.36 M = -0.56/-33.90 M = -33.62/-79.86 M = -3.21/-32.78 M = 19.17/-8.33 M = -16.59/-33.26 T = 110.59/87.32 T = 17.60/-19.67 T = 7.89/-21.27 T = 84.57/60.92 T = 34.01/8.15 T = -2.61/-39.78T = -43.81/-97.31 T = 23.07/-7.76 T = 22.39/-8.14 T = -77.41/-124.15

N = 14.60/9.44 N = -77.89/-85.93 N = 46.43/35.36 N = -87.23/-91.57 N = -105.29/-110.71 N = -97.93/-114.20 N = -84.59/-98.09 N = 79.26/41.82 N = -70.92/-88.54 N = 14.53/-13.97

•Integrating stress and obtaining internal forces at M = 21.73/12.24 M = 25.33/-16.72 M = 17.76/-6.69 M = 54.89/25.11 M = 26.71/-4.46 M = 9.91/-27.89 M = -8.96/-71.70 M = 10.88/-33.93 M = 25.56/-22.69 M = -2.85/-35.25 T = 114.84/75.39 T = 33.30/-24.41 T = 19.80/-26.40 T = 80.79/43.63 T = 34.59/-1.17 T = 7.07/-38.01T = -23.71/-95.02 T = 26.78/-25.35 T = 30.79/-24.38 T = -56.26/-146.30

that specific location N = 14.42/-12.19 N = -92.62/-122.51 N = 27.63/-7.55 N = -158.95/-176.97 N = -229.63/-244.16 N = -211.87/-256.80 N = -136.14/-194.16 N = 76.51/-19.07 N = -72.65/-150.70 N = 31.84/-64.72

•Analysing geometry and forces in an in-house made M = 30.14/4.15 M = 50.89/-46.54 M = 43.52/-29.51 M = 40.68/-21.48 M = 5.31/-36.87 M = 31.72/-11.31 M = 33.65/-46.87 M = 28.24/-39.73 M = 42.17/-38.99 M = 14.85/-34.51 T = 116.83/47.18 T = 47.15/-41.10 T = 36.04/-49.39 T = 51.72/-2.94 T = 9.52/-26.58 T = 22.47/-16.77T = 12.99/-58.41 T = 33.14/-34.16 T = 37.98/-34.18 T = -16.93/-151.07

Excel program spreadsheet N = 24.51/-47.40 N = -161.01/-225.46 N = 24.59/-89.81 N = -237.27/-272.92 N = -377.17/-404.21 N = -355.85/-435.64 N = -183.95/-313.86 N = 108.90/-189.53 N = -111.91/-273.27 N = 63.90/-182.37

M = 44.73/-75.08 M = 92.75/-61.45 M = 74.64/-73.00 M = 73.67/-71.47 M = 36.81/-23.04 M = 27.73/-35.88 M = 73.53/-79.77 M = 116.38/-130.53 M = 70.67/-110.34 M = 114.36/-63.47 T = 162.52/-54.23 T = 94.92/-71.38 T = 72.56/-82.28 T = 69.66/-63.13T = 26.55/-92.21 T = 55.19/-24.70T = 74.29/-80.82 T = 95.19/-96.22 T = 77.57/-107.10 T = 86.30/-232.96

•Dimensioning of walls for each form of failure N = 20.28/-237.64 N = -323.87/-429.64 N = -86.52/-305.73 N = -346.60/-421.84 N = 31.38/-159.46 N = -15.87/-82.45 N = -251.85/-468.57 N = 102.02/-550.23 N = -216.23/-513.47 N = 138.76/-460.24

Okvir: K_9 Rezne sile Okvir: K_9

Vektorski presjeci: Nn Vektorski presjeci: Nns
 Calculation of the retrofitted condition of the structure RC + CRM
• The seismic calculation was carried out on a spatial model, using the method of equivalent
lateral forces
• Calculated with new AB elements entered - expected relief of existing walls
ERC >> E Masonry
• Modeled rigid horizontal discs
• Facade walls are reinforced with CRM
• Reinforced walls modeled with corrected stiffness
• When calculating the mechanical characteristics
of reinforced mortar, empirical expressions
obtained from testing were used
Source: Gattesco N, Dudine A (2010) Experimental study of the effectiveness of
the masonry reinforcement system with implementation of a fibre-reinforced
GFRP mesh. Technical Report, Department of Engineering and Architecture,
University of Trieste The ratio of shear modulus and elasticity taken
according to HRN EN 1996-1-1:2012 point 3.7.3
Mortar layer
thickness

The thickness of the

unreinforced wall
Correction coefficient
Shear modulus of
Shear modulus of the reinforcing
mortar SOFTWARE
unreinforced
masonry
 Calculation example:
E module as a result of testing the mechanical characteristics or according to the literature
Initial shear modulus

Solid brick wall

Number of reinforcement layers - two-layer

N= 2

35mm N= 1

400mm N= 2
1,3
8000 MPa N= 1
400 MPa
Stiffness increase: Einitial = 1000 Estrengthened = (3050-4800)MPa
 Results of the modal analysis of the reinforced state:

Modal response comparison

Period osciliranja Postojeće stanje Ojačano stanje
konstrukcije T [s] f [Hz] T [s] f [Hz]
1.ton 0,406 2,46 0,2642 3,7845
2.ton 0,315 3,18 0,2214 4,5161
3.ton 0,267 3,74 0,1813 5,5166
4.ton 0,228 4,37 0,1486 6,7274

Determining the dynamic parameters of the structure

• Increasing stiffness
• Mass reduction
• Significant reduction in displacement
• The first mode is still on the plateau, the
design is on the side of safety
 Dimensioning of walls reinforced with CRM
1. Calculation method by factoring using table coefficients
When calculating the resistance of the reinforced wall, data from the technical sheets of the RI-STRUTTURA system
were used, as well as guidelines from the report of the Construction Institute of Slovenia [ZAG Report no. P595/18-
610-1].

The tensile strength of the existing

wall is the most important input
data. Insufficient tests?! Value
according to the literature.

Initial tensile strength

correction factor. Data from
tables according to guidelines.

Tensile strength of the CRM

• The initial tensile strength of the masonry is lower → the correction factor is higher
net, information according
• Table calculation limited to a maximum wall thickness of 550mm
to the manufacturer's
• Linear interpolation is allowed for intermediate input data values
technical sheets
LIMITATIONS: INPUT DATA/THICKNESS!
OFTEN THE TABLE CALCULATION CANNOT BE APPLIED
 Dimensioning of walls reinforced with CRM
2. Calculation method by factoring using empirical expressions
Source:„Gattesco N, Dudine A (2010) Experimental study of the effectiveness of the masonry reinforcement system
with implementation of a fibre-reinforced GFRP mesh. Technical Report, Department of Engineering and
Architecture, University of Trieste”

Deformacija morta

Efficiency factor of
reinforcing mortar The distance between the
mesh wires

Tensile strength of
the existing wall
Average axial tensile
stiffness of the mash

Number of reinforcement
layers - two-layer (2 layers)
Tensile strength of Thickness of unreinforced
mortar wall

Mortar thickness

Thickness of
unreinforced wall
 Amplification Calculation Flow:
Dimensioning of walls reinforced with CRM 1. Selection of the type of
3. Calculation method according to the manufacturer's software structural element
2. Selection of reinforcement
Software available on the manufacturer's website https://www.fibrenet.it method
3. Setting the initial mechanical
characteristics and wall
thickness (test/literature), the
software itself offers selection
according to Italian guidelines
4. Choosing a CRM system (mortar
+ mash)
5. Calculation of the corrected
properties of the mechanical
characteristics of walls

4.

1. 2. 3.
 Dimensioning of walls reinforced with CRM
3. Calculation method according to the manufacturer's software
Software available on the manufacturer's website https://www.fibrenet.it

5.
 Dimensioning of walls reinforced with CRM
4. Design method according to the guidelines CNR-DT 215/2018

The partial safety coefficient is 2.0 [45]

Total number of reinforcement layers (on both sides of the wall)
The equivalent thickness of one layer of reinforcement in the shear
direction
Effective strengthening height
Tensile strength reduction coefficient 0.8 [45]

Allowed calculation relative deformation of TRM

Modulus of elasticity of TRM
Manufacturer's technical sheet

Initial shear resistance of masonry from Contribution of strengthening

capacity to diagonal failure
 RC + CRM recalculation results ZIDOVI KATA
Nosivost ziđa na dijagonalni slom
Rezne sile Geometrija ziđa Neojačan zid Ojačan zid
PRORAČUN POSMIČNE OTPORNOSTI POSTOJEĆEG NEOMEĐENOG ZIĐA OKVIR ZID Ned M Ed VEd L t H Am
bw
σd,L τRd,unreinf VRHd,unreinf
α CRM
ftk,reinf τRd,reinf VRHd,reinf VRHd,r einf/VRHd,unr einf
VRHd,unreinf > VEd VRHd,r einf > VEd
prema HRN EN 1998-1; HRN EN 1998-3:2011; Sorić [Zidane konstrukcije], Tomažević; ZAG izvjestaj br.P 595/18-610-1 [T ower] [T ower] [kN] [kNm] [kN] [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm ]
2
[kN/cm ]
2 2
[kN/cm ] [kN] [MPa] 2
[kN/cm ] [kN] %
Z334 64,72 35,25 146,30 250 60 400 15000 1,5 0,000 0,004 44 1,594 0,159 0,007 71 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 59%

fb - 10 [MPa] Normalizirana tlačna čvrstoća zidnog elementa preporuka prema literaturi Z335 150,7 25,56 30,79 210 60 400 12600 1,5 0,012 0,007 62 1,594 0,159 0,010 87 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 39%
Z336 19,07 33,93 26,78 230 60 400 13800 1,5 0,001 0,005 45 1,594 0,159 0,008 69 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 54%
fm - 5 [MPa] Tlačna čvrstoća morta preporuka prema literaturi
Z337 194,16 71,70 95,02 170 60 400 10200 1,5 0,020 0,009 60 1,594 0,159 0,012 82 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 35%
fvk,0 - 0,165 [MPa] Karakteristična početna posmična čvrstoća ziđa pri nultom tlačnom naprezanju preporuka prema literaturi
Z338 256,8 27,89 38,01 140 60 400 8400 1,5 0,031 0,011 59 1,594 0,159 0,014 78 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 33%
ftk - 0,1 [MPa] Karaktersitična vlačna čvrstoća ziđa pri minimalnom tlačnom naprezanju preporuka prema literaturi K_9
Z339 244,16 26,71 34,59 140 60 400 8400 1,5 0,029 0,010 58 1,594 0,159 0,014 77 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 33%
Cr - 0,9 Faktor smanjenja nosivosti (omjer proračunske i najveće eksp. određene nosivosti ziđa) Z340 176,97 54,89 80,79 170 60 400 10200 1,5 0,017 0,008 57 1,594 0,159 0,011 78 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 36%
γM - 1,50 Koeficijent za potresnu proračunsku situaciju prema HRN 1998-1 [9.6.3] Z341 7,55 17,76 26,40 200 60 400 12000 1,5 0,000 0,004 36 1,594 0,159 0,007 57 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 59%

RZ - RZ1: ograničeno znanje Razine znanja HRN 1998-3 [3.3] Z342 122,51 25,33 33,30 200 60 400 12000 1,5 0,010 0,007 57 1,594 0,159 0,010 79 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Z343 12,19 21,73 114,84 200 60 400 12000 1,5 0,001 0,005 38 1,594 0,159 0,007 59 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 55%
FPRZ - 1,35 Faktora povjerenja koji određuju odgovarajuću razinu znanja HRN 1998-3 [3.3.1.(4)]
Z344 63,38 5,30 49,67 230 60 400 13800 1,5 0,005 0,006 53 1,594 0,159 0,008 78 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 47%
Z345 93,04 44,01 56,20 370 60 400 22200 1,1 0,000 0,006 91 1,594 0,159 0,010 145 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 59%
ZIDOVI SUTERENA K_11 Z346 226,3 57,41 76,70 360 60 400 21600 1,1 0,010 0,010 139 1,594 0,159 0,013 194 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Nosivost ziđa na dijagonalni slom Z347 230,23 48,37 73,22 380 60 400 22800 1,1 0,010 0,010 153 1,594 0,159 0,014 214 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Rezne sile Geometrija ziđa Neojačan zid Ojačan zid Z348 46,89 30,33 112,67 260 60 400 15600 1,5 0,003 0,005 56 1,594 0,159 0,008 83 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 50%

OKVIR ZID Ned M Ed VEd L t H Am σd,L τ Rd,unreinf VRHd,unreinf ftk,reinf τ Rd,reinf VRHd,reinf VRHd,r einf/VRHd,unr einf Z303 18,9 3,96 46,21 130 60 400 7800 1,5 0,000 0,004 23 1,594 0,159 0,007 37 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 59%
bw αCRM VRHd,unreinf > VEd VRHd,r einf > VEd Z304 67,67 21,19 36,85 140 60 400 8400 1,5 0,008 0,007 37 1,594 0,159 0,009 53 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 42%
2 2 2 2
[T ower] [T ower] [kN] [kNm] [kN] [cm] [cm] [cm] [cm ] [kN/cm ] [kN/cm ] [kN] [MPa] [kN/cm ] [kN] %
Z305 90,64 13,25 23,41 140 60 400 8400 1,5 0,011 0,007 40 1,594 0,159 0,010 56 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Z101 460,24 114,36 232,96 250 120 450 30000 1,5 0,020 0,009 178 1,250 0,125 0,010 205 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 15%
Z306 120,59 13,87 24,43 160 60 400 9600 1,5 0,010 0,007 45 1,594 0,159 0,010 63 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Z102 513,47 110,34 107,10 210 120 450 25200 1,5 0,020 0,009 150 1,250 0,125 0,010 173 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15% Z307 100,45 11,59 15,87 130 60 400 7800 1,5 0,013 0,008 40 1,594 0,159 0,011 55 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 38%
H_5
Z103 550,23 130,53 96,22 230 120 450 27600 1,5 0,020 0,009 163 1,250 0,125 0,010 188 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15% Z308 97,49 13,63 19,85 130 60 400 7800 1,5 0,012 0,008 39 1,594 0,159 0,010 54 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 39%
Z104 468,57 79,77 80,82 170 120 450 20400 1,5 0,023 0,009 127 1,250 0,125 0,011 146 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15% Z309 140,4 15,20 23,83 180 60 400 10800 1,5 0,013 0,008 55 1,594 0,159 0,011 76 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 38%

Z105 82,45 35,88 55,19 140 120 450 16800 1,5 0,005 0,006 66 1,250 0,125 0,007 78 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 20% Z310 92,35 6,73 10,58 110 60 400 6600 1,5 0,010 0,007 31 1,594 0,159 0,010 43 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
K_9
Z311 86,19 6,57 10,48 120 60 400 7200 1,5 0,012 0,007 36 1,594 0,159 0,010 50 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 39%
Z106 159,46 36,81 92,21 140 120 450 16800 1,5 0,009 0,007 77 1,250 0,125 0,008 91 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 17%
Z312 89,7 3,33 13,63 100 60 400 6000 1,5 0,015 0,008 32 1,594 0,159 0,011 44 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 37%
Z107 421,84 73,67 69,66 170 120 450 20400 1,5 0,021 0,009 122 1,250 0,125 0,010 141 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15%
Z315 78,39 12,38 21,22 110 50 400 5500 1,5 0,014 0,008 29 1,594 0,159 0,011 40 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 38%
Z108 305,73 74,64 82,28 200 120 450 24000 1,5 0,013 0,008 121 1,250 0,125 0,009 141 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 17%
Z316 151,06 68,31 57,22 230 50 400 11500 1,5 0,010 0,007 54 1,594 0,159 0,010 76 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Z119 429,64 92,76 94,92 200 120 450 24000 1,5 0,018 0,009 137 1,250 0,125 0,010 158 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 16% V_5 Z317 199,15 115,19 113,01 360 50 400 18000 1,1 0,011 0,010 117 1,594 0,159 0,014 164 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 40%
Z120 237,64 75,08 162,52 200 120 450 24000 1,5 0,010 0,007 112 1,250 0,125 0,008 131 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 17% Z318 145,05 114,14 148,89 400 50 400 20000 1,0 0,007 0,010 128 1,594 0,159 0,014 184 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 43%
Z109_1 104,79 27,27 97,27 170 100 450 17000 1,5 0,006 0,006 70 1,250 0,125 0,007 83 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 19% Z319 94,91 46,91 134,10 330 50 400 16500 1,2 0,006 0,008 83 1,594 0,159 0,011 120 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 45%
Z109_2 611,77 530,26 487,30 680 100 450 68000 1,0 0,009 0,010 463 1,250 0,125 0,012 545 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 18% Z324 122,54 20,58 45,15 140 50 400 7000 1,5 0,020 0,009 41 1,594 0,159 0,012 56 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 35%

K_10 Z109_3 566,75 396,83 431,29 670 100 450 67000 1,0 0,008 0,010 449 1,250 0,125 0,012 528 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 18% Z325 129,04 82,43 82,53 170 50 400 8500 1,5 0,015 0,008 46 1,594 0,159 0,011 63 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 37%
Z326 66,19 49,88 87,46 170 50 400 8500 1,5 0,008 0,007 37 1,594 0,159 0,009 53 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 43%
Z109_4 370,59 142,59 217,18 320 100 450 32000 1,4 0,012 0,008 167 1,250 0,125 0,009 195 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 17%
Z327 131,1 64,50 71,82 160 50 400 8000 1,5 0,020 0,009 47 1,594 0,159 0,012 64 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 35%
Z109_5 354,06 179,05 465,16 560 100 450 56000 1,0 0,006 0,009 347 1,250 0,125 0,011 413 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 19%
Z328 298,8 65,50 64,21 180 50 400 9000 1,5 0,033 0,011 65 1,594 0,159 0,014 86 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 32%
K_11 Z110 2898,61 5176,49 1223,00 21200 100 450 2120000 1,0 0,001 0,007 10343 1,250 0,125 0,009 12707 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 23% V_7
Z329 313,08 59,80 54,31 180 50 400 9000 1,5 0,035 0,011 66 1,594 0,159 0,015 88 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 32%
H_5 Z112 2878,19 3834,40 283,04 24300 90 450 2187000 1,0 0,001 0,007 10636 1,415 0,142 0,009 13074 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 23%
Z330 184,08 61,16 49,28 150 50 400 7500 1,5 0,025 0,010 48 1,594 0,159 0,013 64 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 34%
Z115_1 1561,02 1690,52 243,68 14700 80 320 1176000 1,0 0,001 0,007 5723 1,488 0,149 0,009 7034 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 23% Z331 100,44 62,60 62,96 130 50 400 6500 1,5 0,020 0,009 39 1,594 0,159 0,012 52 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 35%
V_5
Z115_2 213,72 63,96 44,15 350 80 320 28000 1,0 0,008 0,010 182 1,488 0,149 0,012 215 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 18% Z332 41,18 37,78 46,76 150 50 400 7500 1,5 0,005 0,006 30 1,594 0,159 0,009 44 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 45%
V_7 Z117 2716,09 6510,74 560,50 28300 100 320 2830000 1,0 0,001 0,007 13453 1,250 0,125 0,009 16603 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 23% Z333 112,94 59,98 137,92 250 50 400 12500 1,5 0,009 0,007 57 1,594 0,159 0,010 80 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 41%

V_6 Z116 991,66 251,07 67,61 470 80 340 37600 1,0 0,026 0,015 372 1,488 0,149 0,017 426 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15% Z320 421,3 226,30 142,82 470 50 400 23500 1,0 0,018 0,013 201 1,594 0,159 0,017 273 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 36%
Z321 312,05 85,19 87,78 250 50 400 12500 1,5 0,020 0,009 74 1,594 0,159 0,012 100 Ne zadovoljava Zadovoljava 35%
H_1 Z113 2486,44 908,04 253,01 1280 80 350 102400 1,0 0,024 0,014 981 1,488 0,149 0,016 1125 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 15% V_6
Z322 94,13 5,99 8,07 80 50 400 4000 1,5 0,024 0,009 25 1,594 0,159 0,013 34 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 34%
Z323 422,23 120,71 149,83 260 50 400 13000 1,5 0,030 0,010 90 1,594 0,159 0,014 120 Ne zadovoljava Ne zadovoljava 33%
∑ VEd = 5447,07 ∑ Am = 8950200 ∑ VRd = 54404
Z301 666,19 300,73 360,15 760 70 400 53200 1,0 0,013 0,011 401 1,488 0,149 0,016 556 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 39%
Srednja vrijednost povećanja otpornosti zidova u odnosu na EN 1998 iznosi: H_1
18% Z302 322,1 28,97 57,51 290 70 400 20300 1,4 0,016 0,009 120 1,488 0,149 0,012 165 Zadovoljava Zadovoljava 37%

Interpretacija rezultata: ∑ VEd = 3203,42 ∑ Am = 573000 ∑ VRd = 4465

vršno ubrzanjem temeljnog tla za predmetnu lokaciju ag/g = 0,26 a dokazana otpornost sukladno razinama obnove je za ubrzanje: ag/g = 0,195 Srednja vrijednost povećanja otpornosti zidova u odnosu na EN 1998 iznosi: 41%

Interpretacija rezultata:
Zaključak: Seizmička otpornost zidova povećana je za 1,2 puta te zadovoljava RAZINU 2 obnove sukladno TPGK [NN 17/17,75/20,7/22]
vršno ubrzanjem temeljnog tla za predmetnu lokaciju ag/g = 0,26 a dokazana otpornost sukladno razinama obnove je za ubrzanje: ag/g = 0,195

Zaključak: Seizmička otpornost zidova povećana je za 1,4 puta te zadovoljava RAZINU 2 obnove sukladno TPGK [NN 17/17,75/20,7/22]
20-50% resistance increase
All walls did not satisfy with the system of CRM reinforcement IZO 0.75 → agR/g = (TNCR = 225 g.) 100% TPGK
Flow chart → ADDITIONAL REINFORCEMENT (shotcrete) → RE CALCULATION NN 7/2022
Calculation of strengthening of existing masonry arches and vaults with
CRM

1. 2.

3. Calculation software
4. Reading of internal forces
5. Dimensioning
Calculation of strengthening of existing masonry arches and vaults with
CRM
 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

Horizontal diaphragms
 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

New RC walls

Obavezno povezivanje!
 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

Strengthening of existing walls with CRM and shotcrete

 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

Strengthening of existing walls with CRM and shotcrete

 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

New roof structure

Disposition plan
 Graphic representation of reinforcement measures

New roof structure

Cross sections

3d model

Manufacturing details
 The conclusion
• Considering the status of the building as an individually protected cultural
heritage, the primary goal of the renovation project is to remove the main
conceptual deficiencies of the building through an interdisciplinary approach
that preserves the cultural heritage, and at the same time strengthens the
building using today's available materials that are compatible with the built-in
materials.
• Given that the goal is to preserve the building for future generations, the
interventions planned are reversible and can be replaced with new solutions
if, over time, new knowledge or materials related to the renovation of historic
buildings come to light.
• In the building in question, it was not possible to achieve the required
resistance by implementing only the CRM.
• In the interaction of the existing reinforced walls with the rigid new RC cores
of elevator shafts and staircases, and transverse walls, the building in
question globally reaches a sufficient level of level 3 resistance.
agR/g = (TNCR = 225 g.) 100% IZO 0,75 ✓
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Krešimir Tarnik dipl.ing.građ. (UOIG Tarnik)

Nikša Ivanović mag.ing.aedif. (UOIG Tarnik)