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MOT SO KET QUA QUAN TRONG Dinh nghia 1. Anh xa f : A —> B dugc goi la don anh néu véi moi a;,a2 € A sao cho a, 4 ap tacé f(a1) # far) Cha y 1. Anh xa f : A — Bla don anh néu f(a;) = f (az) kéo theo a, = az. Dinh nghia 2. Anh xa f : A + B dugc ggi la toan anh néu voi mgi b € B luén ton tai a € A sao cho f(a) = b. Cho § 2. Anh xa f : A > Ba toan anh khi va chi khi f(A) = B Dinh nghia 3. Anh xa f : A — B goi la song anh néu f vita la don anh, vita la toan anh. Cha § 3. Anh xa f : A > Bla song anh khi va chi khi véi moi b € B ludn ton duy nhat a € A sao cho f(a) = b. Sau day 1a mot sé luu y thém. & Néu mot vi don anh, 6 chita f(x) va vé con lai c6 chtfa bién x bén ngoai thi thong thudng f 1a & Néu trong phuong trinh ham 6 chtta F(Flx) + g(x,y) hose £(F(y) + o(9)), trong d6 (x,y) la mot biéu thie déi xting cia x va y thi ta thudng chiing minh duge f la don anh, @& Néu f : R > Ra don anh thi tir f(x) = f(y) suy rax = y. & Néu f : R Ra toan Anh thi véi moi y € R, luén ton tai x € R dé cho f(x) = y, tite lal phuong trinh (an x) y = f(x) luén c6 nghiém: & Néu f la mot ham sé ma don dnh thi ta rat hay ding thi thuat tac dong f vao hai vé, hoac tao ra f (p(x) =F ($(x)) > g(x) = o(2). Néu f 1a toan anh thi ta hay ding: Tén tai mét s6 b sao cho f(b) = 0 (hay f(b) = 0...), sau dé tim b. Néu quan hé ham la ham bac nhat cia bién & vé phai thi cé thé nghi dén tinh don anh, toan anh. & Néu f : IR > R la toan anh va f(x) = (x), Vx € T, 6 day T la tap gia tri cia ham f thi f(x) = pla), WreR @ Trong bai nay ta quan tam nhiéu hon cdc bai todn lién quan dén don anh, con cac bai toan lién quan dén toan anh sé duge dé cap nhiéu bai 72: Giai phuong trinh ham dua vao gia tri cua déi s6 va gid tri ciia ham sé (6 trang ? ham s6 f : IR — R théa man f (f(x)) = ax +b, Vx € R (a 4 0) thi f la song, nay duge chting minh & bai toan I, trang 2) Bai 4. Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f :JR > R thoa man f (x+y +f) =f F(®) +2y, Vey € @) igen vy ry va cee ante Eee i nen ai @ ae PO) re Ven ees A €se-0 e020 Bao iy, Carn Aer OA eo Saga + Pro) = ide) Sr: aera 43 oa Ha, Ca a aE iC Rees Cony eer i @ Gls? te te ab EIR Sas che f(a) = P(b) =c TW Oho me y= ae f(ubrd= SOna (Q) TUBER ch axe, eee f(arbre) = fe) 14a © | W@W @ rym m= th a=b ee LTA ae Oe 4 TH @ de yao by te Cea B4E6)) aon DE oe Rens Beary eet @® (OMIT COME rice cases d) ra Edesz)) aes ce a ce oar Brea eo cae ae a4 Chiby ) Ny ca a (oe ok A SED) Bai 2 (Dé thi chinh thtfe Olympic 30/04/2006). Hay tim tat cd cdc ham s6 f : R — R théa man f(x+fly)+xf(y)) =x+2y+yVxy ER. LCase Ce CR ee ee 4Cis 2 fcy)) = L+ty, Vy ER @ Cr aay} a a ORO A(4+48G,) @ cies ony ar i rs 2 Se OR eee ate 10) emer ae (6) Le L(+ fO+x$() = x oe 1220) Vx ER @ Vir 4 cra On 9 ey ae EO ne 70 neo ea = 4) Es Cer aes (Ce OLE wie Thay @ Oh de 2(e4+4)= y Ny em a 2G aay cee —_ hee Sis ad re) = TaN “1 i 4 oe sy NT ate ea a Cr i me ae 0). Xaec dinh tat ca cdc so thuc'sao cho cé mot ham so =af (y+ f(x)),Vxy ER. + DGG tn Ria es ar Nie ice L: a0 kh ds Q= £(fa) = 4+ £0 Nae ean EA ONE cm Os ro er cee Mec : a eas ian rere aC Joel fe f@)=0 cz WN @ cho xac t dow cea to Er aC ORR ra co aE y reo CE 0 Ee eS a Hus ve £ tad Ty tb: a=4. kR ee Dey oxy Cet aya) De es eye en Pte ae) Oe a La i ie aL Ore aaa. Cem ACS) W@ choa-c hk he ee Ol 4 fle+ fC) > emo} ‘en 4© =o) WQ cho s=0 hie ee ln es fc = 2 FG), Wy EIR Mas G@- Fu)=9, NyeiR 6) De aCe A BLOM es KG Rees a ore LC ea rm ee CeCe LCC) an ee Bai 4. Tim tat ca cdc ham so f : R + R thoa man f(x+f(x)+y) =x+ f(x) +2f(y) @ vGi mgi so thuc x, y. Gai GT” ORO eae RS oie a ee) rar Cr Cerrar ne ay rea Ni cee f(a+ be) = brentc ae ce ore races BLO EO} ava] feed sre EEL OR ECan Cone CUES OES REEL eae) CO) Lee gd rane mi A+fcd)) = d+ fcd)+ df) 7 A Lomas BN aati ania aia Key $C for) = -%, Nae we rons + Sng Come ORs teat eae UC erie Cds fed)) = -d+ $d) +2 f0) le) = -d+o+dd= NAS ©). a @ thay x Ear a ots oC acnr (Os) awn co SIO °, aS ae) (6) Se eer Ue oie Tet eee Bai 5. Tim tat ca cdc ham so f : (0: +00) — (0; +00) thoa man: f (x+f(x+y)) = f(2x)+y, ¥x,y € (0; +00) (ate: x) 9, Gt ete ana OOD Ra +00 ie da nal ' on mere CO SLCC) Co ea ee (a+ fer) = Pd +y, N my 70 earns i fe a Toad ante rae Ym athe ac Ym b= c a Oke Cees Oe eae bd @+4)= £Ga) +¢ i ae i vel REO NG leet aaa (Gis cies cree er Cia One it rae rene BdCs +4) = $@x)+y -%, RE Syo ya Sta ee ¥. 59 4,50 Soe cho PY,)= Py.) ary aba ar TRC EO GG eae a errs oc ean arvee re Bich) £(x+£Uy,)) {Ga 7) mane cy aC ICR) = micro rs ©il © ar, Tr che ats 4@rf RACE) Fx) +5Nxyo 6) (Pantha de? kd we @) ww RiCoe er) Pe iCC eset sr @ i (Ons cowie ices) Cre ferry) Bee ACE ACN #e'#) W ORC mn Ms zcrs) ele ICS Coster) each nS. ® They Gv @ hae f(dn+ Pax) = 2Py, Vxyo G) TH] Kay oe bat See ane Loy, Naso © a} es no ee Pe ord @, © aCe cor) es paces Sale nen rare Bach S) a a ae y pee iee Eachasicn)) Roy Pants cea Hag y ba £Gtx) fa deer f(ox+ fax +fe)) = Greco Eas ) sO RCC aac Baers: 4 PCax) = £4 x) + Plax) Nxyo Gcacee a One f(a+ £Ory) = FC) + y, Nx yyo @ fhe co y= SIE rs eee eco nnaCe) crud ’@) ROR OmrEaeace) es na@es f(ar+ Plan) = (44) rEaCloy Caer (0) V@ «@® ae Jeter Eedcee: FEIce RSE ©) ie Coe cae) SECC EE Chee Poere Ch or => L(sc+ £4) Saat CE Rie or i) Came coat aes fC+y)) See (Coan RET ®@ were 4 ba Be ce Bieue yeep) ee aeneaer 4 rad @) TY @ oot eae coerce 4 (a+ Pn) = £ (x) + 3x, Nx 90 CON aC ) bh ae Came acho BaCEO RSE S NEST cE Pea Ti @ sey x in £ rae yt ac anne Bae EE ie oe iva rae aes Bai 6 (Shortlist BMO 2019). Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f : R — R thoa man f(xy) = yf(x) +x+ f(F(y) — F(x) voi moi x,y € R. Bai 8 (Olympic 30/04/2016). Cho ham s6 f : Z + Z théa man déng thdi c: a) f(f(n)) =n, Vn eZ. b) f (f(n+2) +2) =n, Vn € Z. ©) (0) =1 Tinh gid tri ctia f(—2015), f (2016) Bai 9. Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f : (0; +c0) — (0; +00) théa man f(x + f(x) +y) = f(2x) + fy), ¥x,y > 0. Bai 10 (Brazil National Olympiad 2006). Hay tim tat ca cdc ham sé f : R + IR thoa man f (xf(y) + f(x)) = 2f(x) +2y, Vy ER c diéu kién sau: Bai 11 (HSG Quéc gia 2017). Tim tat cd cdc ham s6 f : IR - R théa man hé thtte f (xf(y) — f(x)) = 2f(x) + xy, Vx,y ER. Bai 12. Tim tat ca cdc ham sé f : N* — N* théa man: f(n)f ( fn) =n, Yn € N°

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