DTF Marine Web Event – Power

on the Water
Rolls Royce Power Systems– Commercial Marine
Andrew Packer, Senior Manager, Marine Applications Engineering

This PowerPoint presentation is September 2021

protected by copyright. Rolls -
Royce Power Systems AG
expressly reserves all rights to this
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Systems AG. Rolls-Royce Power
Systems AG furthermore reserves
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the use, processing reproduction
of content related to any
intellectual property claims.
Emission
R egulations in the
USA
Marine operators in the USA
should be familiar with the
following emission regulatory
agencies:
• International Maritime
Organization (IMO)
• Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)
• C alifornia Air R esource
B oard (C AR B )
From global to local

IMO Emission Control Areas (ECAs): EPA: CARB

Coasts of Canada, USA & Hawaii, required for US-registered/ Commercial Harbor Craft (CHC):
Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands. flagged vessels worldwide required for US-registered /
Range 200 nm. flagged vessels in California

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
2
 IMO imposed 80% NOx reduction over the years

IMO IMO Emission Level

9.8

The International Maritime 10 7.7

Organization (IMO) is a
specialised agency of the 8
United Nations responsible for
2000

g/kW h
regulating shipping. 6
IMO Target Pollutant: 2011 1.96
4
• NOx
2 2016
0

NOX

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
3
 EPA enforced 82% NOx and 98% PM reduction ov er the y ears

EPA E P A E mission Tier Level

9.8
10
The Environmental Protection 9 7.2
Agency (EPA) is responsible to 8
protect human health and the 2004* 5.8
environment within the United 7

G/KW H
States. 6 2007*
5
Marine Diesel Target Pollutant:
4
1.8
• NOx 3 2012*
• PM
2 0 0 .2 0 .12 2014 0 .0 4
1 -17*
• HC 0
• CO

NOX PM

*Emission Tier requirements for the Series 40 0 0 Marine Engine based on Model Year.

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
4
 Beginning in 20 24, C AR B proposes an additional 85% PM
reduction ov er EPA Tier 4c limits
C AR B C HC
C AR B C HC (E P A Tier 4c + 85% additional reduc tion in P M)
0.04
C alifornia Air R esource B oard
(C AR B ) C ommercial Harbor
C raft (C HC ) Proposed 0.04
Amendments.
0.035
Marine Diesel Target Pollutant: 0.03

G/KW H
• EPA Tier 4c + 85% PM ↓ 0.025 2014-17
0.02 0 .0 0 67
0.015
0.01 2024–29*
0.005
0

PM
*Part of C AR B’s C HC Proposed Amendments, as a phased in approach based on engine build date.

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
5
 Increase Technology to Achieve Greener Emissions

mtu Approach

The mtu Series 4000 Marine

Engine was first released in
1996 and has evolved over the
past 25 years, as emission S4000M01
reduction requirements IMO I / EPA T1
continued to be more S4000M05
stringent. IMO II /IMO III/
EPA T4 (with SCR)

S4000M03
IMO II / EPA T2

S4000M04
IMO II / EPA T3

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
6
 Piston / R ing / Turbocharger
Liner

K ey Technologies

C C V filtration Smart Injection

sy stem
Next generation of mtu Series
40 0 0 , 12V/16V/20 V 40 0 0 M0 5
The following engine
development initiatives were
implemented to achieve EPA
Tier 4 / IMO III certification:
• Piston / R ing / Liner Advance
C ombustion
• Turbocharger
• C C V filtration
• Smart Injection system
• Advance C ombustion

mtu 16V 40 0 0
Exhaust After SCR Flat-Box Configuration SCR Cube Box Configuration
Treatment (SC R )

In addition to engine updates,

an after-treatment system was
required to achieve EPA Tier 4
/ IMO III certification:
• SC R configuration is
determined based on
engine rating
• It was designed and
optimised specifically for
the mtu S40 0 0 marine
engine.

• C losed Loop C ontrol System • Low Heat Dissipation

• Airless DEF Dosing
• Integrated Sound Attenuation
• Sulfur Tolerant
• Easy Access Maintenance Doors
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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
8
A demonstration of the SCR
orientation options to aid in
meeting a variety of
installation requirements.

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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
9
 Regulation
Modular approach
to meet IMO II, IMO
III and EPA Tier 4
emission regulation
A summary of the benefits
associated with implementing
the new technology.
EPA T4
Configuration Benefits
• PM R eduction (+ exceeds regulation)
• Exhaust backpressure up to 20 0 mbar
IMO II • R educed oil C onsumption
• Easily upgrade to IMO III
Engine (only)
• PM R eduction (+ exceeds regulation)
• Exhaust backpressure up to 85mbar
• R educed oil C onsumption
IMO III • Airless DEF Dosing System
• Fully insulated
• Integrated Sound Attenuation
Engine + SC R
• Exhaust backpressure up to 85mbar
• R educed oil C onsumption
• Airless DEF Dosing System
• Fully insulated
• Integrated Sound Attenuation
Engine + SC R
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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
10
C AR B proposes DPF
Mandate by 20 24 –
20 29*
As part of the EMA, RRS is an
active participant in the
collaboration between C AR B ,
EPA, and the USC G to ensure
the proposed amendments to
C AR B ’s C HC rules meet the
emission reduction goals of
C AR B , at the same time,
identifying solutions that are
feasible from a technical and
financial perspective for the
operators required to comply
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-
work/programs/commercial-harbor-craft/chc-
meetings-workshops
DPF Design Considerations:
• C urrently reviewing the best approach to develop and integrate a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) into
an existing and new vessel build.
• Factory solution or 3 rd party solution
• Pre-SC R (requires emission testing) or Post-SC R installation
• Need to address fire protection controls and vessel stability calculations.
• Many marine applications do not provide sufficient time at high exhaust temperatures required for a
passive regeneration DPF system. Therefore, an active regeneration DPF system would be required.
• A typically active regeneration DPF system consists of the following components:
• DPF w/ burner, burner control unit, full-flow burner, sensors, air supply, and fuel supply.
Commercial Considerations:
• These systems require significant space (~ 50 % of engine) and add significant weight to the vessel (~
25% of engine). Depending on vessel type, operator has to assess feasibility to fit a system in an
existing vessel. Especially, if it was not originally built with EPA Tier 4 engines, both a SC R and DPF
would need to be installed.
• W hat is the risk for an engine manufacturer to develop a DPF solution and afterwards such
requirement be abandoned by policy makers, if operators cannot accommodate these systems in
their vessels.
11
*Phased in approach based on engine build date.
C AR B proposes
R enewable Diesel
mandate by
J anuary 20 23
Confirmed that the use of
R enewable Diesel (EN 15940 /
ASTM D975-12a) in diesel
engines certified under EPA
Diesel Marine R egulations
does not have any negative
effects on the engine
emissions performance.
https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-
work/programs/commercial-harbor-craft/chc-
meetings-workshops
Fuel Approval Considerations:
• Verified at zero hour testing at the factory and through in-use field measurements on
engines with up to 20 ,0 0 0 hours of use.
• B ased on limited testing, R R S is comfortable that the use of renewable diesel in our mtu
S40 0 0 Marine EPA Tier 2 & Tier 3 certified engines will not cause any component
longevity issues.
• C urrently evaluating the long-term effects (if any) on the emission output of the engine
that requires an after-treatment system (i.e. EPA Tier 4c / IMO III).
Customer feedback based on 42,000 accumulated engine operating hours:
• Visible smoke witnessed at the dock on ULSD has been eliminated with the transition to
R D.
• No meaningful change in fuel consumption or vessel speed.
• No change in engine maintenance costs – no increase in filter exchanges or any
abnormal engine alarms.
Commercial Considerations:
• Operators report fluctuating costs for renewable diesel which increases their OPEX,
while rider fare stays flat.
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-Royce Not Subject to Export Control
12
 Future sustainable solutions

In addition to our emission reduction advancements in diesel technology, Rolls -Royce

Power Systems plans to expand our product portfolio with other green technologies.

Electrification Engine Efficiency

• Hybrid • Marine NextGen
• Battery • Gas Engine
• Fuel Cell

eFuels
• Power to X
Digitalization
• Performance
optimization

System Integration
• Microgrids
Thank y ou for y our attention!