i

“PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY SELECTED MUNICIPAL

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT OFFICE (MDRRMO)

AS PERCEIVED BY PERSONNELS OF GUBAT, CASIGURAN AND

JUBAN IN TIMES OF CALAMITIES.”

Jade E. Estipona

John Norman C. Hapita

Lenard D. Doloiras

Marvin P. Derilo
 ii

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the problems encountered by the selected

municipal disaster risk reduction management office (mdrrmo) as perceived

by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities.

Knowing that our country is prone in such disasters, it is crucial for each

MDRRMO to make a continuing improvement of responding disasters or

calamities. Through quantitative interview, this study revealed the problems

of each MDRRMO of Casiguran, Juban And Gubat. This research will study

the problems encountered by the MDRRMO. On the other hand, the study

will address the recommendations associated with the problems encountered

by the MDRRMO. Such as allocating funds for procurement of needed

equipement , sending MDRRMO personnels to training and seminars or

invite DRRMG from the province, and hiring additional personnel or

coordinate with other MDRRG/SPDRRMG in times of calamities. By

critically examining, the research seeks to recommend that allocating funds

for procurement of needed equipement of every MDRRMO, sending

MDRRMO personnels to training and seminars or invite DRRMG from the

province, and hiring additional personnel or coordinate with other

MDRRG/SPDRRMG in times of calamities.

 V

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we gave thanks to Our God Jesus Christ for giving us mental

strength, guiding us throughout the short journey of surveying it would not

be possible without his guidance.

The researchers put their efforts, time, knowledge and patience to

conduct this research in three different municipalities, it cannot be done

without the help of different people.

The researchers want to extend our gratitude to them for helping us make

this possible.

To the employee/head of different MDRRMO department located in

Gubat, Casiguran and Juban we would like to acknowledge their presence

and participation in answering truthfully our survey questionnaire.

We would like to acknowledge and give thanks to Mrs. Aurora Ballesfin

and Ms. Rhymelyn Sanchez for their contribution, support, guidance that

help us throughout the process of making the research.

We also give thanks to some of our classmates and friends for their

unwinding support.

Thank you so much,

The Researchers
 iii

Sorsogon College of Criminology Inc.

3928 Rizal St. Piot., Rizal, West District Sorsogon City
Tel. #211-23-02/421-54-17

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL REVIEW

This research entitled “PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE

SELECTED MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
MANAGEMENT OFFICE (MDRRMO) AS PERCEIVED BY
PERSONNELS OF GUBAT, CASIGURAN AND JUBAN IN TIMES
OF CALAMITIES.” Prepared and submitted by: Jade E. Estipona, John
Norman C. Hapita, Lenard D. Doloiras and Marvin P. Derilo in partial
fullfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Criminology is hereby submitted to research committee for oral review.

PANEL EXAMINERS

_______________ JEAN PERCEL B. DEGOLLADO

Member Member

MA. SOLEDAD M. QUIÑONES, Ph.D.

Chairman, Panel of Examiners
 iv

Sorsogon College of Criminology Inc.

3928 Rizal St. Piot., Rizal, West District Sorsogon City
Tel. #211-23-02/421-54-17

RESULT OF ORAL REVIEW

Title: “PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE SELECTED
MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT
OFFICE (MDRRMO) AS PERCEIVED BY PERSONNELS OF
GUBAT, CASIGURAN AND JUBAN IN TIMES OF CALAMITIES.”
Researchers: Jade E. Estipona
John Norman C. Hapita
Lenard D. Doloiras
Marvin P. Derilo
Date:
Time:
Venue:
Final Grade:

PANEL OF EXAMINERS REMARKS

MA. SOLEDAD M. QUIÑONES, Ph.D. _________________

Chairman

____________________ _________________
Member

JEAN PERCEL B. DEGOLLADO _________________

Member

Approved by:

JEAN PERCEL B. DEGOLLADO

College Dean
 vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

Title ………………………. i
Abstract ………………………. ii
Recommendation for Oral Review ………………………. iii

Result of Oral Review ………………………. iv

Acknowledgement ………………………. v

Table of Contents ………………………. vi

List of Tables ………………………. vii

List of Figures ………………………. viii

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction ………………………. 1

Statement of Problem ………………………. 6

Goals and Objectives of the Study ………………………. 6

Significance of the Research ………………………. 7

Definition of Terms ………………………. 8

Description of the Research Site ………………………. 9

Profile of the People ………………………. 9

Physical Characteristics ………………………. 10

Political Status ………………………. 10

Mission ………………………. 12

Vision ………………………. 12

Social Status ………………………. 12

Cultural Status ………………………. 13

Economic status ………………………. 14

Chapter II

THE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Conceptual Framework ………………………. 16

Method of Data Collection ………………………. 18

Data Collection Procedure ………………………. 19

People Involved ………………………. 19

Activities Undertaken ………………………. 20

CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Presentation, Analysis ………………………. 21

and Interpretation

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings ………………………. 29

Conclusions ………………………. 30
Recommendations ………………………. 31

APPENDICES
Questionnaire ………………………. 32
Curriculum Vitae ………………………. 34
 vii

List of Tables
Table Title Page

I–A Gender of the Respondents ……………… 21

I–B Trainings Attended related to rescue ……………… 22
I–C Number of Years as MDRRMO personnel ……………... 22
II – A Number of Calamities Attended ……………... 23
II – B Problems encountered by selected MDRRMO
as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran
and Juban in times of calamities. ……………… 24
II – C Solutions or Recommendations offered to the
problems encountered by selected MDRRMO
as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran
nd Juban in times of calamities. ….…………... 27
 viii

List of Figures

Figures Name Page

1 Conceptual Paradigm …………………. 17

 1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Calamities, whether caused by man-made or natural disasters, take

lives and destroy livelihoods. A weakened economy, damaged infrastructure,

lost enterprises, decreased tax revenues, and an increase in poverty levels all

add to the immediate investment required for response and restoration.

A community is more vulnerable to natural disasters and climate

change the poorer it is. Not everyone is affected equally by disasters.

Disasters frequently have a disproportionately negative impact on children,

women and girls, the elderly, people with disabilities, indigenous peoples,

and other marginalized communities, especially in lower-income countries.

Low- and lower-middle-income nations, which frequently rely on temporary

fixes like emergency loans or the diversion of other scarce financial

resources, find it especially difficult to absorb the expenses of disasters. The

absence of financial resilience mechanisms for disasters frequently prolongs

suffering for governments, people, enterprises, and vulnerable areas and

slows economic recovery.

However, countries have made considerable strides in managing

catastrophe risks over time, shifting from merely reacting after the fact to a

larger emphasis on prevention and planning for shocks, allowing a decrease

in fatalities and a reduction in some economic costs. While there has been

significant progress, there are still major obstacles to sustainable

development, including how to increase catastrophe preparedness while also

enabling improved disaster avoidance and climate adaptation.

https://www.worldbank.org

The Philippines is vulnerable to natural disasters since it is situated

near both the Pacific ring of fire and the typhoon belt. Millions of people

have been displaced, thousands of lives have been lost, and hundreds of

billions of infrastructures have been damaged due to different disasters such

as typhoons. There are 300 volcanoes in the country and 22 are active.

Almost all parts of the country experience earthquakes and generally, the

Philippines encounter an average of 20 earthquakes a day. However,

earthquake disasters are not as frequent as the typhoons and flooding that

take place in the Philippines. The Philippines is located along the Pacific

Typhoon Belt. This explains the occurrences of different weather

disturbances such as typhoons. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical

and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) reports that every

year, an average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area

of Responsibility (PAR) and five (5) of which shall be most destructive.

The Philippines is extremely vulnerable to tropical cyclones due to a

combination of its geographic location in the Pacific typhoon zone, warm

ocean waters, and oceanic features. Typically, the Pacific typhoon season

begins in April with less powerful storms and lasts until November. August

and September are often the months with the worst typhoons.

The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council reported a

total of 48,997 evacuations and more than 196,000 affected individuals.

Economic losses due to typhoon Saola damages in agriculture,

infrastructures and private properties are estimated to reach about 41 million

Philippine pesos. Amongst these natural hazards, the Philippine government

has to deal with internal disputes and threats of terrorism in some making us

also vulnerable to this kind of political and human-induced hazards.

https://www.iisd.org/articles/disaster-risk-reduction

The researcher’s topic title is entitled “Problems encountered by

selected Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office

(MDRRMO) as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in

times of calamities.” Hence, the researchers provide the background settings

of the Sorsogon and conducts interview to the municipalities indicated in

their research title.

Sorsogon is accessible to the large island province of Masbate through

its port facilities in the towns of Pilar and Bulan. Being at the tip it is also

the gateway of Luzon to the Visayas and Mindanao regions through its roll-

on, roll-off ferry terminal facilities located in the towns of Matnog and

Bulan. Due to its location, the province of Sorsogon is vulnerable to both

geologic hazards and hydro meteorological risks. Flooding, landslides

caused by rain, and storm surge are examples of hydro-meteorological

hazards; geology hazards include liquefaction/sinkholes, tsunami, volcanic,

and earthquake-induced landslides. Red tide and El Nino/La Nina are

additional dangers that could at some point in time affect all of the

component cities and towns.

Ground shaking is a common threat to all city/municipalities for geologic

hazards. Earthquake-induced landslide only the town of Prieto Diaz is not

affected considering that there’s no such mountain; Casiguran, Castilla

Juban, Pilar, and Sorsogon City are prone to liquefaction; seven (7)

municipalities located in the eastern part of the province are at risk to the

foreign generated tsunami. Barcelona, Bulusan, Casiguran, Gubat, Irosin,

and Juban are affected by volcanic hazards. These five (5) municipalities are

the perimeter of Bulusan Volcano. Casiguran and Juban, are one of the

municipalities directly disrupted by volcanic hazard hence it is the perimeter

of the volcano. The area potentially affected by both lahars and lava is about

66.284 square kilometers. Likewise, other affected areas like Bulan,

Magallanes, and the province of Masbate were affected by ash fall. The ash

falls are dependent on the wind direction. Of all the hazard events, the

ground shaking has the biggest potential area affected.

The researchers' goal in studying their research topic is to further reduce

the number of casualties, damage to infrastructure, decline in the economy,

and lack of community knowledge with regards on calamities in the

Philippines, particularly in Sorsogon. Sorsogon is one of the most disaster-

prone provinces in the Philippines. Situated within the eastern seaboard of

the Philippines, it is one of the provinces through which typhoons regularly

pass. To better respond to incoming disasters, select local government units

(LGUs) in Sorsogon were provided with emergency response trainings

which encompass knowledge on first aid and basic water search and rescue.

LGUs were also provided with equipment to be used during emergencies

such as patrol or rescue boats, spine boards, ropes, life vests, safety helmets,

chainsaws, and lifebuoys. Disaster operations centers were also established

where decision-makers and responders can meet and organize themselves

during emergency operations. Evacuation centers were also built which will
serve as temporary shelters for community members during the activation of

their pre-evacuation protocols. To address specific risks in the community,

local governments are encouraged to come up with community-driven

initiatives which reduce vulnerabilities in their area. However, despite these

efforts, the situation is still insufficient in terms of the issues that some of

Sorsogon's municipals are currently facing. Gubat and Juban are two

municipalities that have some difficulty reacting to calamities, while

Casiguran is one of the municipalities that responds to calamities with the

least amount of difficulty due to their preparations, equipment and trainings.

Providing solutions and suggestions for the issues faced by the Municipal

Risk Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO) of Gubat, Casiguran, and

Juban is another objective of the researchers on their research topic. Poor

management during a crisis can result in inefficient response to the issue and

worsened outcomes. However, the severity of the issue can be lessened

through studying this research title; it can contribute knowledge about

planning and efficient disaster management. Also, through following

fundamental standards such as solutions to the problems, municipals in

different city can achieve reliable disaster management, including

appropriate training, modern equipment, clear responsibility allocation,

alertness, drills to respond quickly, quick communication systems, financial

arrangements, and a hierarchy of actions depending on the situation.

Additionally, important are security precautions, sufficient medical care,

rehabilitation and standing orders for necessities like food, supplies,

transportation, and medicine. https://en.m.wikipedia.org

 6

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the problems encountered by the

selected MDRRMO as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and

Juban in times of calamities.

Specifically, this seeks to find answers to the following sub-problems:

1) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

a. gender,

b. trainings attended related to rescue,

c. number of years as MDRRMO personnel, and

d. number of calamities attended?

2.) What are the problems being encountered by selected MDRRMO as

perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of

calamities?

3) What solutions/recommendations that the respondents offered to lessen if

not solved the problems encountered?

Goals and Objectives of the Study

The following are the objectives of this study:

1) To know the demographic profile of the respondents

2) To know the problems encountered by the selected MDRRMO as

perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of

calamities.

3) To offer possible solutions to lessen if not solved the problems

encountered.
 7

Significance of the Study

Findings in this study will be beneficial to the following entities:

MDRRMO personnel- This research will be a huge help to the new

personnel for the things that needs to be flourished in conducting

criminal investigations.

Community- This research may serve as an eye opener for them to know

the problems of MDRRMO in times of calamities.

Lawmakers- This research may give them an idea and knowledge and to

have in depth coverage about the MDRRMO and give them an

assistance for their hard work.

Present Researchers- This study will help them to be more aware about

their study, enhances their learning and understanding to be

knowledgeable in order to help other people with this research.

Future Researchers – this may serve as a guide for them for their future

study and perhaps be a one contributor to the next generation if their

study is related to the problems encountered by the selected MDRRMO

as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of

calamities.
 8

Definition of terms

For better understanding, terms used in this study are conceptually or

operationally defined.

Calamities – is a condition involving mass casualty and/or major damages

to property, disruption of means of livelihoods, roads and normal way

of life of people in the affected areas as a result of the occurrence of

natural or human-induced hazard.

MDRRMO – is tasked to manage and directly supervise emergency

operations involving ambulance operations and conduction of patient

and or transfer, search and rescue, relief operation, evacuation,

operation and other emergencies such as vehicular accident, hazard fire.

Problems encountered – in this study, it refers to the difficulties

encountered by the personnel of selected municipality in responding in

times of calamities or disaster.

Personnel of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban – it refers to the respondents of

this research, they are trained personnel whose duty is to respond,

intervene, rescue and render care. They are responsible for managing

and directly supervising emergency operations involving ambulance

operations, patient transfer, search and rescue, relief efforts, evacuation,

and other crises like car accidents, fires, medical emergencies, and

disasters brought on by floods, typhoon and other natural disasters.

 9

Description of the Research Site

The municipality of Casiguran, Sorsogon is not spared in terms of

calamities. Most Common calamities that brought the municipality in a

high-risk status are storm surge, flood, landslide brought about by typhoons

and heavy rains. Some of the strongest typhoon that hit the municipality are

typhoon Sisang in 1986 and typhoon Milenyo in 2006.

Gubat was originally a big barrio of Bulusan, inhabited by a few

Tagalogs, Visayans and Albayanons who travelled on foot to hunt wild

animals. These people built their homes close to the shore and called their

location Buri, which today is the barrio of Buenavista.

Juban, officially the Municipality of Juban, is a 4th class municipality in

the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a

population of 35,297 people.

Profile of the People

Based on the demographic estimate, the city population is estimated at

150,500, with 62,500 concentrated in the city center urbanized barangays. It

has an annual growth rate of 2.04% population density is estimated at 1,893

persons per hectare. Household in the city number 26,047, with an average

household size of 5.19 people per household.

Location

Sorsogon lies at 122 – 124 longitude east, and 12-14 latitude north, on

the western seaboard facing the China Sea. It is bounded on the north by
Albay Gulf; on the northeast by the municipality of Manito in Albay; on the

south of Sorsogon bay and the municipality of Casiguran; on the east by the

municipality of Gubat; on the west by the Municipality of Castilla, the city

center itself lies upon the estuary of Salog River, meeting the tide of

Sorsogon Bay.

Moreover, Magsaysay Street is in the hearth of Sorsogon City where

businesses are set. In here you see the public market, department stores, fast

food chains, drugstores, holding area for vans, tricycles, banks, many others.

Physical Characteristics

Sorsogon City has a total land area of 31,158 hectares, divided into

three districts, namely: Bacon District with 28 barangays; West District with

22 barangays; and East District with 14 barangays, or a total of 64

barangays. 18 of which are classified as urban, the former Municipality of

Bacon, thus has ceased to exist, but has evolved into one of the three

districts of the city.

Political Status

Politics plays a vital role in the progress of the locality. Many aspiring

politicians are much interested in joining the political arena for some

reasons. Maybe, for power, personal interest or they want to either serve the

people or want a change in the implementation of the program of the city.

As we can see nowadays, with the present administration, the

development in our city is fast growing. Clean streets and vicinities in the

heart of the city in one example. Proper disposal and segregation of trash is
strictly observed. These are just one of the many projects of the city. The

placement of the traffic enforcers in the streets contributed much in the

observance of the traffic rules and regulations. Public utility vehicles were

relocated to give way to the construction of the proposed city terminal site,

the old shopping center in Sulucan. Sorsoguenos are enjoying the service of

the public market in which it has the latest state of the art waste and drainage

disposal.

If our present elected officials be given a chance to prove their worth,

more developments and improvements will be witnessed by the

Sorsoganons.

List of City Officials

City Mayor: Hamor, Ester
City Vice Mayor: Dioneda, Eric
City Councilors:
West District:
 Ravanilla, PJ
 Baldon, Nestor
 Pingul, Bryan
 Perdigon, Ma. Teresa
East District:
 Gonzalez, Hamor Thess
 Lubiano, Lester
 Jamisola, Jaysonmark
 Ravanilla, Angelu
 Alejo, Alelie Rose
Bacon District:
 Dioneda, Bhem
  Taladtad, Reynaldo
 Olbes, Glenn
 Deladia, Danny 12

 Rocha, Jojo Atutubo

ABC President: Cielo, Frederick

Vision

We are an empowered citizenry

Enjoying people centered governance
Living in harmony with nature
Journeying in faith with our loving
Sorsogon!! The city of our dreams

Mission
To sense a transparent and responsive
Governance with genuine support and active
Participation of all Sectors to improve the
Quality of life of Sorsogon City

Social Status

Sorsogon has two annual festivals – the Kasanggayahan Festival,

which is a province wide festival which is participated by the 14

municipalities of the province. Sorsogon province is the center of festivities

every October of each year celebrating the Foundation of the Province, and

the Pili Festival every month of June, celebrating the feast days of the

Sorsogon Patronals, Sts. Peter and Paul, and the Pili tree as the majestic tree

of Sorsogon. Here, Pantomina sa Tinampo is being performed as an act of a

joyous celebration of love, participated by the people of all walks of life, the

affair is very lively with colorful costumes of the participants, this illustrates

that Sorsoganons are fun – loving people.

 13

The Sorsoganon festival is celebrated every December and it is

opened with Aguinaldo Mass followed by the other activities like: the

Sorsogon Street Dance; Mr. & Ms. Sosogon; gift giving; Lantern

Competition; Youth Camp; Photo Contest; Dance Drama Contest; Song

Writing Contest and the Amateur Singing Contest.

Cultural Status

Most of the inhabitants of the province belong to the ethnic linguistic

Bicolano and Bisakol group. Sorsogon was once also included Masbate.

Sorsoguenos are very religious and fun loving. Being mostly Roman

Catholics, they are active in every festivity celebrated throughout the year.

For instance, like any other Filipino ethno linguistic groups, they celebrated

the fiesta of the Patron Saints Peter and Paul in Sorsogon City every June.

Also by the last week of October, the Kasanggayahan Festival is celebrated

in the whole province. At the midst of the latter festivity, myriads of

botanical shows and painting are conducted. Most of the people will hang

out in carnivals and concerts. Another occasion is the Pili Festival, which

includes street dancing by local donning Pili nut costumes, cooking

competitions, fireworks displays and even a nut cracking session along the

road by the local. Every barangay has its own fiesta and patron saint which

are highlighted by yearly buffet feast in every Sorsogueno home. Bicolano

or Bikol is an Austronesian language used in the Philippines particularly on

the Bikol Peninsula on the Island of Luzon. Bisakol are two kinds of major

Dialects of the Philippines which comprises Bisaya or Visayan and Bikolano

from the province of Bicol.

 14

During the Holy Week Season (celebrated as early as week of March

or first week of April). People flock to the saints Peter and Paul cathedral

and start the procession in barefoot, with carts bearing statues of Jesus Christ

on his way to Crucifixion, Holy Week in Christianity is the last week of

Lent.

The feast of Sts. Peter and Paul are celebrated every June 28 – 29 and

marks as town fiesta of Sorsogon. The usual tradition of the celebration is

the 9 days Novena in honor of the two patron saints, our patron saints.

There are many ways in celebrating the fiesta. It is usually opened by

a Grand Parade which is participated in by the different schools, government

and private employees, business sectors and non-government offices. Some

of the activities conducted are as follows: the Banca Race; participated

mostly by the fisher folks which usually starts from the rompeolas going

around the bay; Youth Day; which was celebrated in a different way by

conducting indigenous games participated in by the street children from the

different barangay in the city; Elderly Fun Day; to give honor and respect to

our elders. They participated in the different games especially catered for

them like the Trip to Jerusalem, Eggplant relay, Tansan race & Ballroom

Dancing; LGU Fun Day; in which all city employees participated in all

activities at Lebanon Beach in Bacon like the Hawaiian dance competition,

videoke singing contest and sand castle making contest; Ballroom

competition; represented by all the department employees; TM mobile tour;

Hip Hop competition; participated by the different hip-hop dance group;

lastly, the Concert for a Cause; all proceeds will be donated to the

renovation of the Sts. Peter and Paul cathedral.

15
Economic Status

Sorsogon City’s economy is still basically agricultural with its major

products dominated by palay, copra and abaca; including corn and other root

crops, vegetables, fruits, lives stocks, fish and other marine resources from

Sorsogon Bay. In fact, 96% of the land area is devolved to agricultural and

forest land use, with only 2.5% to urban land use.

Although a suitable site has already been identified for a kind of

industrial park or light processing zone in the outskirts on the city center,

there is still no real factory or processing plant anywhere in Sorsogon City,

except for a small-scale processing plant producing semi-processed sea

foods. The economic activity mode is still at the cottage industry level, home

based family entrepreneurship or micro-enterprises such as handicraft

production. All other economic activities are classified under service

industry such as: hotels, restaurants, fast-food centers, groceries,

supermarkets, hospital, communication and transportation companies.

 32

Yoko Kobayashi, ykobayashi2@worldbankgroup.org

https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement/overview

Disaster Risk Reduction in an Unstable World, Leila Mead. May 23, 2022

https://www.iisd.org/articles/disaster-risk-reduction

Philippines looks to improve disaster preparedness with geospatial tech

https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/philippines-looks-to-improve-disaster-

preparedness-with-geospatial-tech/amp/?

fbclid=IwAR3it3rWhCCBZfgNTcR1T2U_OspwpJdzYSvw_tE-g-

ccfT3HXwqqnWi2DsE

Responding to Natural Disasters in the Philippines, Asian Development

Bank

https://www.adb.org/news/features/responding-natural-disasters-philippines?

fbclid=IwAR0amkH9UbBEZFuexzVW6_IPhVIpg1L12aQIqpU8JenGh0pL

ZxNbgb7N168

Wikipedia. Liamade, Sorsogon City

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorsogon_City#:~:text=The%20Pueblo

%20Civil%20de%20Bacon,Sorsogon%20on%20October%2017%2C

%201894.

UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

https://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/cities/philippines/sorsogon/
Wikipedia. Juban, Sorsogon City

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juban,_Sorsogon

Wikipedia. Gubat, Sorsogon City

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubatf%20Buenavista

16

Chapter II

THE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual paradigm collected in figure 1 presents the input, process

and output of the study. The input includes the profile of the respondents,

the problems encountered by the selected Municipal Disaster Risk

Reduction Management Office (MDRRMO) as perceived by personnels of

Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities.”, and the

recommendations offered by the respondents to address the problems

encountered.

The process consists of initial interview, questionnaire, data gathering,

tabulation, statistical analysis and the interpretation of the data gathered.

The input which evolves from the process is the output which is to

allocate funds for procurement of needed equipment of every MDRRMO.

This means allocating funds for procurement of needed equipment of every

 MDRRMO, will help the MDRRMO to solve or lessen the problems

encountered of their municipalities during calamities.

To complete the process, a feedback mechanism is employed to correct

whatever changes are made in the process.

17

Conceptual Paradigm

OUTPUT
INPUTS PROCESS

1. Profile of the
respondents
Interview
2. Problems being Allocating funds
Questionnaire
encountered by
for procurement of
selected
MDRRMO as Data gathering needed
perceived by
personnels of
Statistical equipment of
Gubat, Analysis every MDRRMO
Casiguran and
Juban in times Interpretation data
of calamities gathered
3. ”Recommendati
ons offered to
addressed the
problems
encountered by
the selected
MDRRMO

FEEDBACK
 18

Method in Data collection

The descriptive method of research was used in this study. The

researchers consider the method appropriate since this study is a fact finding

in nature. The profile of the respondents can be easily described using the

descriptive research. This also employs data analysis when describing the

problems encountered by the selected Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Office (MDRRMO) as perceived by personnels of Gubat,

Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities. When gathering the data for

causes, effects and recommendations offered, the descriptive method was

used. The statistical tools used in this study were percentage for the profile

of the respondents, with a formula:

P=F/N x 100%

Where: P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = No. of respondents and the researchers uses also

rank in one of the profiles of the respondents.

For the problems and solutions, the researchers’ make of Wweighted

Average mean (WAM), with formula:

WAM = X5 + X4 + X3 + X2 +X1

Xn = F x n /N

Wherein:

n= adjectival rating

F= Frequency

N=Number of respondents
 19

Data collection Procedure

The researchers conduct survey through questionnaire. The survey

questionnaire has three (3) parts the part one (1) profile of the respondents

(2) the problems being encountered by selected MDRRMO as perceived by

personnels of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities and (3) the

recommendations offered. The respondents of the study are 50 MDRRMO

personnel of Juban, Casiguran and Irosin. After the survey the researchers

started the tabulation, analysis and interpretation according to the result

gained from the respondents.

People involve

There are 50 questionnaires that were given to the respondents and

have a hundred percent retrieval. A total of 20 questionnaires were filed up

by the personnels of the municipality of Casiguran while 15 questionnaires

were filed up by the municipality of Juban and lastly the remaining

questionnaires were filed up by the municipality of Gubat. These are the

selected MDRRMO personnel. They are the respondents that give the

researchers insights regarding the topic. The researchers worthily choose

these respondents that lend their valuable time in giving data to the

researchers.
 20

Activities Undertaken

Activity Sep/ Nov Dec Jan/24 Feb Mar Apr May

2023
Organizing the group x
Brainstorming of the topic x
Formulation of statement of x
the problem
Formulation /drafting of x
questionnaire
Checking/approval by the x
research instructor
Distribution of x
questionnaire
Collection/Tallying x
Statistical analysis/ x
computation
Start making Chapter 1 x
Making Chapter 2 &3 x
Checking of chapter 1,2,&3 x
Making chapter 4 x
Preliminaries
Revision & consultation to
the adviser 21
Encoding
Photocopying
Oral Defense

CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This chapter discusses the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

gathered from the though interview and questionnaire.

I. Demographic profile of the Respondents

Table I - A

Gender of the Respondents

 Gender Frequency (F) Percentage
(%)
Male 25 50
Female 22 44
LGBTQ+ 3 6
Total 50 100%

Table I - A presents the gender of the respondents it can be seen from the

table that 25 or 50% of the respondents were male, 22 or 44% of respondents

were female, 3 or 6% of the respondents are LGTBQ+.

Based from the data gathered majority of the respondents were males.

This shows that males were the ones who are mostly needed when it comes

in managing such as disasters planning.

Table I – B on the next page shows the trainings attended by the

personnels of each MDRRMO of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban that are

related to rescue. BLS got 32 or 64%, MOSAR and WASAR got 5 or 10%,

USAR and Water Safety got 4 or 8%.

 22

Table I - B

Trainings Attended related to rescue

Trainings attended Frequency Percentage

MOSAR 5 10
USAR 4 8
WASAR 5 10
Water Safety 4 8
BLS 32 64
Total 50 100%

Based from the data gathered majority of the respondent’s training

attended is under the BLS. This indicates that MDRRMO personnels have

received the necessary training and also ready for potential disasters.

Table I – C

Number of Years as MDRRMO personnel

Years in service Frequency Percentage

1-3 years 22 44
4-6 years 23 46
7 years and above 5 01
Total 50 100%

As presented in table I-C the years in service in the respondent 1-3 years

in service got 22 or 44%, 4-6 years in service got 23 or 46% and 7 and above

years in service got 5 or 1%.

Based from the data gathered, majority of the respondents have served in
their position for almost 4-6 years.

These are the respondents who willingly answered the questionnaires and

some of them are relatives of the barangay officials.

Table II – A

Number of calamities attended

Calamities attended Frequency Percentage

Flood 14 28
Earthquake 5 10
Fire 7 14
Volcano 8 16
Vehicular Accidents 16 32
Total 50 100%

Based from the data gathered majority of the respondents are mostly

responds to Vehicular accidents. This means that the most calamities that

occur are Vehicular accidents which is very common due to inadequate road

safety among road users. The respondents second most calamities attended

is Floods which caused by heavy rains here in Sorsogon.

The respondents also attended calamities such as Fire, Earthquake,

Volcano Eruption and others. This shows that the personnels in MDDRMO

of Juban, Casiguran and Gubat have already encountered different calamities

and have many experiences in dealing such disasters.

 24

Table II - B

Problems encountered by selected MDRRMO

as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran
and Juban in times of calamities.

5 – Strongly agree 3 – fairly agree

4 – agree 2 – disagree 1 – Strongly disagree

Problems 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
F F F F F F WA
encountered M
Insufficient 10 1 24 1.92 10 0.6 3 0.1 3 0.0 50 3.7
MDRRMO personnel 2 6
Lack of training 5 0.05 24 1.92 15 0.9 3 0.1 3 0.0 50 3.5
related to rescue 2 6
No cooperation of 7 16 19
residents in the 0.7 1.28 1.1 8 0.3 0 0 50 3.44
creation of 4 2
BDRRMO
Difficulty in 9 0.9 20 1.6 15 0.9 6 0.2 0 0 50 3.64
convincing affected 4
residents to evacuate
Inadequate equipment 10 1 14 1.12 14 0.84 6 0.2 6 0.1 50 3.32
(for different 4 2
calamities/disaster)

Table II-A emphasizes the problems encountered by selected Municipal

Disaster Risk Reduction Management office (MDRRMO) as perceived by

the personnel's of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities. The

Insufficient MDRRMO personnel got 3.7 weighted average mean (WAM),

Lack of training related to rescue got 3.5 WAM, No cooperation of

Residents in the creation of BDRRMO got 3.44 WAM, Difficulty in

convincing affected resident to evacuate got 3.64 WAM, and Inadequate

equipment (for different calamities (disaster) got 3.32 WAM

Based from the data gathered, majority of the respondents stated that

Insufficient MDRRMO personnel is the main problem of MDRRMO in

times of calamities with a quantitative rating of 3.7 and adjectival rating

"strongly agree.

As to Difficulty in convincing affected residents to evacuate, respondents

said that they are having difficulty with regards on convincing the citizens

due to lack of discipline among the residents. This result to less efficient in

responding to calamities.

As to lack of training related to rescue, respondents agree that they are

not well trained yet in responding to calamities. There are still inadequate

trainings with their personnel.

With regards to no cooperation of residents in the creation of BDRRMO,

respondents stated that they found difficult to convince residents to convince

them in creating BDRRMO that can lessen the problems of MDRRMO in

times of calamities

And as to Inadequate equipment for different calamities/disaster,

respondent stated that there is still lacking on their equipment specially on

the more advanced equipment needed which are more efficient with

regards on responding different disasters.

 27

Table II – C

Solutions or Recommendations offered to the

problems encountered by selected MDRRMO
as perceived by personnels of Gubat, Casiguran
and Juban in times of calamities.

5 - Very urgent 4 - Urgent 3 - Fairly urgent 2 – Less urgent 1 – Not a solution

Solutions/ 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL
F X5 F X4 F X3 F X2 F X1 F WAM
Recommendations
MDRRMO should hire 10 1 30 2.4 6 0.36 4 0.160 0 50 3.92
additional Personnel or
coordinate with other
MDRRO/SPDRRMG in
times of calamities for
additional manpower
MDRRMO should be sent 16 1.6 2 2 9 0.5 0 0 0 0 5 4.14
to training and seminars or 5 4 0
invite DRRMG from the
province
Activate BDRRMO in 8 0.8 3 2.4 9 0.5 3 0.1 0 0 5 3.86
respective municipality 0 4 2 0
Intensify information 13 1.3 2 1.9 13 0.7 0 0 0 0 5 3
dissemination on disaster 4 2 8 0
Preparedness among
residents
Allocate funds for
procurement of needed 1.8 2 7 0.4 0 0 0 0 5 4.22
equipment of every 18 2 0
MDRRMO 25

Table II-C emphasize the problems encountered by selected municipal

Disaster Risk Reduction Management office (MDRRMO) as perceived by

the personnel's of Gubat, Casiguran and Juban in times of calamities. The

MDRRMO should hire additional personnel or coordinate with other

MDRRG/SPDRRMG in times of calamities for additional man manpower

got 3.92 weighted averaged mean (WAM), MDRRMO should be sent to

training and seminars or invite DRRMG from the province got 4.14 WAM,
activate BDRRMO in respective municipality got 3.86 WAM, intensity

information dissemination on disaster preparedness among residents got 3

WAM and the allocate funds for procurement of needed equipment of every

MDRRMO got 4.22 WAM.

Based from the data gathered the three highest possible solutions or

recommendations that MDRRMO can offered are allocate funds for

procurement of needed equipment of every MDRRMO, MDRRMO should

be sent to training and seminars or invite DRRMG from the province and

MDRRMO should hire additional Personnel or coordinate with other

MDRRO/SPDRRMG in times of calamities for additional manpower with a

quantitative rating of 5 and adjectival rating “very urgent”.

As to the overall interpretation of the given recommendation, it all

pertains to allocating funds, trainings and manpower. This means that

this factor that causes problems of MDRRMO are all aspect that

needs to be focus on by the MDRRMO.

 29

CHAPTER IV

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendation

This last chapter presents the summary findings of the study,

conclusions, and recommendations.

Summary of Findings

Based on the data collected, the following findings are hereby

presented:

1. Out of 50 respondents, majority belongs to the male bracket with 25 or

50% respondents as the highest, female bracket with 22 or 44% respondent

and LGBTQ+ with 3 or 6% tally as the lowest. As to the trainings attended

related to the rescue BLS has the highest with 32 or 64%, MOSAR and

WASAR has the same number with 5 or 10 % and USAR and WATER

SAFETY has the only lowest with 4 or 8% only. With regards to the number

of years as MDRRMO personnel, 4-6 years has the highest number with 23

or 46%, 1-3 years with 22 or 44 % and followed by 7 years and above with 5

or 1% as the lowest. As the number of calamities attended, the vehicular

accident is the highest number with 16 or 32 %, Flood with 14 or 28%,

volcano eruption with 8 or 16%, and Fire with 7 or 14% and Earthquake

with 5 or 10% only.

2. As the problem encountered by MDRRMO, Insufficient MDRRMO

personnel got 3.7 weighted average mean (WAM), while the lowest is
inadequate equipment (for different calamities / disaster) with 3.32 weighted

average mean.

3. Recommendations offered to address the problem encountered by

MDRRMO. Allocate funds for procurement of needed equipment of every

MDRRMO which has the highest WAM score with 4.22, MDRRMO should

be sent to training. and seminar or invite DRRMG from the province

received a weighted average mean score of 4.14. While MDRRMO should

hire additional personnel or coordinate with other MDRRG SPDRRMG in

times of calamities for additional manpower received a WAM score of 3.92.

Conclusion

The researchers reached the following conclusion based on the above-

mentioned findings:

1. Out of 50 respondents, majority belongs to Male bracket, the respondents

most attended training is the BLS and majority of them is already 4-6 years

in service.

2. Majority of the respondents said that the vehicular accident is the most

often they responded and by giving adequate road safety measures, it can aid

the safety of road users and help reduce the vehicular accidents.

3. Majority of the respondents said that force evacuation is the method that

they execute with regards on their main problem in times of Calamities

which is the difficulty in evacuating the residents.

 31

4. And as to the recommendations offered to address the problems

encountered of personnel's of MDRRMO of Gubat, Juban and Casiguran,

repondents said that the MDRRMO must allocate funds for more advance

equipment and should hire additional personnel's and giving them essential

trainings.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusion and findings above, the following

recommendations are proposed:

1. Most of the respondents agree that allocating more funds for more

equipment needed is beneficial.

2. MDRRMO should be sent to training and seminars or invite DRRMG

from the province to help them in responding different calamities.

3. The researcher recommend that every municipality should activate

BDRRMO.

4. Adding more manpower and by giving them essential trainings and

allocating more funds for more equipments should be focus on by

MDRRMO to help them in times of Calamities.

 33

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondents,

The researchers are Third year College students of Sorsogon College of Criminology, Incorporated. We are
conducting a study entitled: “PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY SELECTED MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION MANAGEMENT OFFICE (MDRRMO) AS PERCEIVED BY THE PERSONNEL’S OF
GUBAT, CASIGURAN AND JUBAN IN TIMES OF CALAMITIES.” in partial fulfillment for their degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

In this regard, may we request you to accomplish the questionnaire below with all honesty. Rest assured that your
answers would be kept in strict confidence.

Thank you!

Very truly yours,

Lenard D. Doloiras John Norman C. Hapita

Jade E. Estipona Marvin P. Derilo

GENERAL INSTRUCTION

Please check the space provided for the appropriate answer.

I. Profile of the Respondents

a. Gender
__ Male __ Female __LGBTQ+ _________please specify(optional)

b. Trainings attended related to rescue

________________________________ please specify

c. Number of years as MDRRMO personnel

__ 1 – 3 years __ 4 – 6 years __ 7 – above

d. Calamities attended
__ Flood __ Earthquake __ Fire __Volcano Eruption
__ Vehicular accident _______ others, please specify

II. Problems encountered by MDRRMO

Legend: 5 – Strongly agree 4 – agree 3 – Fairly agree
2 – Disagree 1 – Strongly disagree

Problems 5 4 3 2 1
1. Insufficient MDRRMO personnel
2. Lack of training related to rescue
3. No cooperation of residents in the creation of BDRRMO
4. Difficulty in convincing affected residents to evacuate
5. Inadequate equipment (for different calamities/disaster)

III. Solutions or Recommendations offered to the problems encountered by MDRRMO

Legend: 5 – Very urgent 4 – Urgent 3 – Fairly urgent
2 – Less urgent 1 – Not a solution

Solutions or Recommendations 5 4 3 2 1
1. MDRRMO should hire additional personnel or coordinate
with other MDRRG/SPDRRMG in times of calamities for
additional manpower.
2. MDRRMO should be sent to training and seminars or invite
DRRMG from the province
3. Activate BDRRMO in respective municipality.
4. Intensify information dissemination on disaster preparedness
among residents
5. Allocate funds for procurement of needed equipment of
 34

every MDRRMO

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Doloiras Lenard D.

Address: 112 Victor Lee Compound Pangpang Sorsogon City

Sex: Male

Birthplace: Sorsogon City

Birth Date: August 28, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Name of Father: Arnel D. Doloiras

Name of Mother: Maria Leny D. Doloiras

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Pangpang Elementary School

Sorsogon City

Junior High School: Sorsogon National High School

Sorsogon City

Senior High School: Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

Piot Sorsogon City

Tertiary: Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

Piot Sorsogon City

 35

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Derilo, Marvin P.

Address: Tugos Sorsogon city

Sex: Male

Birthplace: Sorsogon City

Birth Date: September 23, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Name of Father: Victor Derilo

Name of Mother: Marlene Derilo

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Sorsogon Pilot Elementary School

Sorsogon City

Junior High School: Aemilianum College Inc.

Sorsogon City

Senior High School: Saint Louis De Marillac College of Sorsogon

Sorsogon City

Tertiary: Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

Piot Sorsogon City

 36

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Estipona, Jade E.

Address: Cambulaga Sorsogon City

Sex: Male

Birthplace: Sorsogon City

Birth Date: January 17,2003

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Name of Father: Manny J. Estipona

Name of Mother: Leonora E. Estipona

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Cambulaga Elementary School

Sorsogon City

Junior High School: Aemilianum College Inc.

Sorsogon City

Senior High School: Saint Louis De Marillac College of Sorsogon

Sorsogon City

Tertiary: Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

Piot Sorsogon City

 37

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Hapita, John Norman C.

Address: Cambulaga Sorsogon City

Sex: Male

Birthplace: Sorsogon City

Birth Date: August 14, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Name of Father: Norman Hapita

Name of Mother: Jocelyn Hapita

Educational Attainment

Elementary: Cambulaga Elementary School

Sorsogon City

Junior High School: Aemilianum College Inc.

Sorsogon City

Senior High School: Saint Louis De Marillac College of Sorsogon

Sorsogon City

Tertiary: Sorsogon College of Criminology, Inc.

Piot Sorsogon City