FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

--------***--------

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Subject: Research Methodology for Economics and Business
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION OF USING E-
WALLETS WHEN SHOPPING ONLINE OF STUDENTS IN
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

Students’ full name : 1. Vũ Thị Kiều Trinh – 2211530050

2. La Thị Thanh Trúc – 2213530051

3. Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú – 2213530045

4. Phan Ngọc Minh Tú – 2213530046

5. Nguyễn Trần Thảo Vy – 2213530052

Implementation group : 12
Class : KTEE206(GD1-HK2-2223).6

Lecturer : Ph.D. Nguyễn Minh Phúc

Hanoi, April 2023

 FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

--------***--------

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Subject: Research Methodology for Economics and Business
FACTORS AFFECTING THE INTENTION OF USING E-
WALLETS WHEN SHOPPING ONLINE OF STUDENTS IN
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY

Students’ full name : 1. Vũ Thị Kiều Trinh – 2211530050

2. La Thị Thanh Trúc – 2213530051

3. Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú – 2213530045

4. Phan Ngọc Minh Tú – 2213530046

5. Nguyễn Trần Thảo Vy – 2213530052

Implementation group : 12
Class : KTEE206(GD1-HK2-2223).6

Lecturer : Ph.D. Nguyễn Minh Phúc

Hanoi, April 2023

 Contribution
Full name Student ID Responsibilities
percentage
Abstract, Literature review,
20%
Vũ Thị Kiều Trinh 2211530050 Implication, Rearrange the
research

Nguyễn Thị Cẩm Tú 2213530045 20% Research methodology

Research questions, The

2213530051
La Thị Thanh Trúc 20% objectives of the research,
Research Schedule
Literature review,
Phan Ngọc Minh Tú 2213530046 20% Limitation and further
direction
Research significance, The
Nguyễn Trần Thảo Vy 2213530052 20% rationale of the research,
The scope of the research
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ i
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. i
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 1
1. The rationale of the study ............................................................................ 2
2. Literature review .......................................................................................... 3
2.1. E-wallet ................................................................................................... 3
2.2. Behavior intention ................................................................................... 3
2.3. Factors influencing consumers’ intention of using e-wallet when
shopping online .............................................................................................. 3
2.4. Research gaps ......................................................................................... 4
3. The objectives of the study .......................................................................... 5
3.1. The general objectives of the study ......................................................... 5
3.2. The detail objectives of the study ............................................................ 5
4. The scope of the research ............................................................................ 6
5. Research significance ................................................................................... 6
6. Research question......................................................................................... 7
7. Research design ............................................................................................ 7
8. Research methodology ................................................................................. 9
8.1. Research methods ................................................................................... 9
8.2. Data collection ...................................................................................... 15
8.3. Data analysis techniques ...................................................................... 16
9. Research schedule ...................................................................................... 17
10. Research contribution .............................................................................. 18
11. Research structure ................................................................................... 18
12. Limitation and further direction ............................................................ 18
12.1. Limitation ............................................................................................ 18
 12.2. Further direction ................................................................................. 19
REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 20
 i

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Observed variables for qualitative findings ...................................... 11

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Research design .................................................................................... 8
Figure 2. Research model .................................................................................. 11
Figure 3. Survey Subjects Characteristics ....................................................... 15
 ii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations Explanation
FTU Foreign Trade University

E-wallet Electronic wallet

UTAUT Unified Theory of Acceptance and

Use of Technology
PE Performance Expectancy

EE Effort Expectancy

SI Social Influence

FC Facilitating Conditions

R&D Research and Development

 1

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of this study focuses on determining the factors that affect
the intention of using e-wallets when shopping online of students in Foreign
Trade University.
Methodology: The methodology adopted in the research is mixed approach of
both qualitative and quantitative research method. For the primary data sources,
the authors would collect through a self-designed survey using questionnaires sent
out to students studying at FTU. For secondary data, sources are from a variety of
reliable sources, such as published academic papers, articles, and thesis from
reputable research organizations.

Implications: The research proposal provides insights into e-wallets and factors
influencing the intention to use that payment method when shopping online. Based
on the research results, some recommendations and measures are proposed for e-
wallet enterprises and governments to promote the potential usage of e-wallets.

Originality/Value: The scope of this research is limited to FTU students with a

view to ensuring the consistency and validity of the data.

Key words: Behavioral Intention, E–Wallets, Unified Theory of Acceptance and

Use of Technology, Foreign Trade University Student, Shopping Online

Paper type: Research proposal

 2

1. The rationale of the study

Nowadays, people are living in the digital world where everything is linked
with the World Wide Web, including shopping. The number of consumers
shopping online and the time they spend on surfing has considerably risen in recent
years. In 2022, more than 51 million people go shopping online, increasing by
13.5% in comparison with 2021. Desire for this activity increases considerably
because of its quick speed, convenience, comfort and fun.
According to We are social and Hootsuite (2020), in 2019, 25% of people in
Vietnam (among approximately 13.5 million people) make online payment for at
least one time (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2020). Among the payment
methods for online shopping, more and more people are using E-wallets. This type
of payment methods is gradually replacing the traditional payment methods. The
technology advancement has made these modern payment ways much faster,
easier and handy to use. Moreover, there are a lot of vouchers and other functions
on E-wallets, making it really attractive for people to pay with this method.
Today, there are quite a lot of research on digital payment, but little of it points
out the factors boosting or reducing the intention of university students to use E-
wallets. Moreover, E-wallets have appeared in Vietnam since 2008, but they have
just been known and accepted by users for a few years and they still have a lot of
development potential. Therefore, e-wallets’ advantages, disadvantages, their
impact and factors affecting the intention of consumers, specifically university
students in Viet Nam, Foreign Trade University to be specific, need to be
understood so that improvements can be made.
Considering the exponential growth of e-commerce along with e-wallet usage
and the trend towards a cashless society, the author has decided to choose the topic
“Factors affecting the intention of using e-wallet when shopping online of
university students in Foreign Trade University” for the research proposal. The
aim of this study is to provide insights into the factors that influence FTU students'
intention to use mobile wallets, thus informing related enterprises on the
 3

development of effective marketing strategies encourage adoption and usage of

digital wallets.

2. Literature review

2.1. E-wallet
In 2023, Julia Kagan defined digital wallet as an electronic payment
system mainly used on mobile devices which hold your commerce transaction
information, allowing its users to make purchases without physical cash and credit
cards. Otherwise known as e-wallets or mobile wallets, it also enables you to have
electronic alternatives of other valuable items such as gift cards, vouchers, event
passes, ID documents and even crypto keys stored securely within (Kinza Yasar,
2022). PayPal is among the earliest and best examples of a digital money exchange
platform. Through PayPal, people are able to buy or sell in-app goods and services,
trade on auction sites like eBay, and donate to charity with no need for traditional
paper or cards method (Ed Grabianowski, 2005). According to Geoff Williams in
2022, through contactless near-field communication of e-wallets, you can
complete transactions safely with your smart devices with just a tap.
2.2. Behavior intention
According to Ajzen (1991), intentions are believed to reveal the underlying
motivational factors that influence behavior. They indicate the level of effort and
hard work that people are willing to put in to carry out a behavior. Generally, when
intentions are stronger, there is a greater chance that the behavior will actually be
performed (LaMorte, 2022). Meanwhile, Cuong Nguyen et al (2020) defined
intention-to-use as simply the consumer’s willingness to use a product.
2.3. Factors influencing consumers’ intention of using e-wallet when
shopping online
Numerous research studies have investigated and identified the variables
that could influence how individuals use electronic wallets. The theory of planned
behavior (Ajzen, 1991) suggests that the user's "behavioral intention" is impacted
by "attitude," "subjective norm," and "perceived behavioral control."
 4

Nonetheless, Davis (1989) proposed a technology acceptance model (TAM) that

is more focused on predicting the suitability of an information system. The model
built by Davis includes 5 factors and acknowledges that “Perceived usefulness”
and “Perceived ease of use” will affect “Attitude to use” and “Intention to use” as
a medium for “Real Behavior”.
Unfortunately, the model does not reflect influences from the environment and
constraints. To address technology acceptance, Venkatesh et al. (2003) developed
the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), which
integrates various theories such as the Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology
Acceptance Model, Innovation Diffusion Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior,
and Social Cognitive Theory. UTAUT identifies four factors, namely Performance
Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating
Conditions (FC), which can influence an individual's behavioral intention and
indirectly impact their decision to use a product or service.
2.4. Research gaps
Cashless payment methods have become a trend everywhere, especially after
the Covid-19 pandemic that caused people to minimize their physical contact with
other people. Therefore, many studies into the factors affecting the intention to use
e-wallets from both theoretical and empirical perspectives have been conducted.
However, as most of the studies were conducted a long time ago while mobile
wallet technology is rapidly evolving, with new features and functionalities. As
such, the results of studies conducted a few years ago may no longer be relevant
or consistent with the current circumstances. Following are the explanation and
analysis of some previous studies into the subject.
Firstly, the article of “Factors Influencing the Intention to Choose E-Wallet in
Shopping Online: Case Study of Ha Noi Citizens” (2020). The study aimed to
evaluate the influencing factors on the behavioral intention of Ha Noi Citizens for
using mobile payment services. The study collected a sample of 418 respondents
and found that all three independent variables including perceived usefulness,
perceived ease of use, and subjective norms have a positive effect on the dependent
 5

variable's intention to choose the e-wallet. However, the research used little
external factors that have been identified in TAM and UTAUT and the sample size
was still insufficient, which could make the findings unreliable.
Secondly, the article of “An empirical analysis of factors affecting the intention
of using digital wallets in Vietnam” (2020) has also enriched the literature by
including new factors. With a sample size of 280, employing the modified version
of the UTAUT, the research determine 5 main constructs: performance
expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and
perceived risks by customers. Overall, the research has contributed greatly to the
literature by including many other factors that prior researches fail to include.
However, the measurements have been lacking theoretical evidence and relevant
theories of the field such as SEM, CFA, GOF, thus not ensuring the consistency
of the results.

3. The objectives of the study

3.1. The general objectives of the study

The overall objectives of the study is to analyze and understand the factors
influencing students at the FTU's propensity to use e-wallets when purchasing
online. The findings of this research could provide insights into the factors that
should be considered when developing e-wallet services and marketing strategies.
On that basis, we propose a number of solutions, recommendations and measures
for enterprises in the field of digital wallet. Following that, e-wallets providers and
online retailers may determine which innovation capabilities element has the most
influence and which factor has the least influence on e-wallets using decision
amongst FTU students with a view to selecting the most efficient methods to attract
and promote e-wallet use and better meet the consumers’ preference.
3.2. The detail objectives of the study
To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the author established specific
goals as follows:
• Overview of FTU students using e-wallets in the last 4 years.
 6

• Identify the elements affecting FTU students' use of e-wallets.

• Analyzing the impact of variables influencing a student's tendency to
choose digital wallets as a payment method for online shopping.
• Proposing some recommendations and measures for businesses in adjusting
their development orientations to promote customers’ e-wallets using.

4. The scope of the research

The primary target of the research is students studying in FTU, with age
ranging from 18 to 22. Then, the data used will be collected through questionnaire
method.
This research will start in April 2023 with reading in-depth materials and end
in November 2023, when final the research is submitted.

5. Research significance

The E-wallet market is booming in Vietnam and this payment method has
gaining popularity, especially with teenagers because of its convenience.
However, people still have the habit of paying in cash and the majority of
Vietnamese people are using cash for daily payment. Moreover, lots of people in
Vietnam do not have access to the technology advancement and do not understand
the need to use E-wallets.
Therefore, the research on the factors affecting the intention of using e-wallets
when shopping online of students in Foreign Trade University is significant for
several reasons. Firstly, understanding the factors that influence E-wallets’ usage
can help businesses and policymakers develop strategies to promote their adoption.
They can develop and improve this type of payment to become more useful and
convenient, so that it can meet people’s need. Secondly, the study focuses
specifically on university students, who are a key demographic for e-commerce
companies, as they are more likely to shop online and have greater access to digital
payment methods. Thirdly, the research can provide insights into the attitudes and
behaviors of Vietnamese consumers towards e-wallets, which can be useful for
businesses looking to expand into the Vietnamese market.
 7

Overall, this research on the factors affecting the intention of using e-wallets
when shopping online of students in Foreign Trade University has the potential to
contribute to the growth and development of the e-commerce industry in Vietnam,
improve the online shopping experience for consumers, and inform business and
policy decisions related to digital payments.

6. Research question

With the key objectives to provide a comprehensive understanding of the

tendency of using digital wallets among university students in FTU, the major
question for the study is: “What are the factors that influence the intention of
using e-wallets when shopping online among university students in FTU?”.
To address this major question, some sub-questions are:
• What are e-wallets? What are the factors affecting the decision to use e-
wallets of students in FTU?
• What is the usage frequency of e-wallets when shopping online among FTU
students, and how does this impact their intention to use them?
• What role does social influence (e.g., peer pressure, social norms) play in
shaping the intention to use e-wallets among students in FTU?
• What is the relationship between past experience with e-wallets and the
intention to use them when shopping online among students in Foreign
Trade University?
• What are the recommended solutions for e-wallets providers and online
retailers to solve the problem?

7. Research design

This study will use a mixed method research design, incorporating both
quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. This helps create a
complementary approach that maximises the strengths of each data type and
enables a more comprehensive understanding, while creating a comprehensive
description and interpretation of the data, make quantitative results more
 8

comprehensible, or comprehend the broader applicability of small-sample

qualitative findings (Allyson S. Hughes, 2016).
In the research, a purposive sampling technique will be used to select 200
participants who have used e-wallets when shopping online and are students of
Foreign Trade University aged between 18 and 22 years.
For quantitative research, data will be collected through a self-administered
online questionnaire that includes closed-ended questions. The questionnaire will
be designed to collect demographic information, usage patterns, and attitudes
towards digital wallets while shopping online. The questionnaire will be pre-tested
before the actual data collection process to ensure its validity and reliability.
Whereas to conduct qualitative research, semi-structured interviews conducted
with a sub-sample of 20-25 participants will be used to collect data. The interviews
will be conducted in-person or online, and will be audio-recorded.
Overall, a purposive sampling method coupled with the combination of
quantitative and qualitative methods in a mixed research design can provide a more
advanced understanding of the research topic, with greater flexibility and
generalizability.

Literature review

Identify the objectives

and gaps of the research

Qualitative Quantitative
research research

Building research
In-depth
Semi-structured
Theoretical basis models and
interview
interviews hypotheses

Building survey
questionnaires

Data collection

Processing and
analyzing data

Drawing
conclusions

Figure 1. Research design

 9

8. Research methodology

8.1. Research methods

The research was carried out by mixed method, in two steps: qualitative
research and quantitative research. Most of the previous studies on similar topics
use this method, so we can see this method is suitable for conducting, and that is
the reason why we chose this method.
8.1.1 Qualitative research
a. Research hypothesis
Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) aims to explain the relationship between
attitudes and behaviors in human action based on the assumption that individuals
rely on reason and available information to take actions.
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) research adds the perceived behavioral
control factor and have a direct impact on actual behavior.
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) shows the influence of factors:
perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of technology on attitude towards
using technology.
Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by
Venkatesh et al. (2003) proposed a combination of elements from different models.
The model consists of four core components: Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort
Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC).

H1: Perceived Usefulness (Performance Expectancy)

Venkatesh et al. (2003) defines PE as “the degree to which an individual believes
that using the system will help him/her achieve job performance”.
H2: Perceived as ease of use (Effort Expectancy)
EE is how easy it is to use a system (Venkatesh et al., 2003). When a person has
not used the system and is starting to learn how to use the system, EE is the level
at which they can easily learn how to use the system.
 10

H3: Social Influence

According to the UTAUT model, SI is the degree to which an individual perceives
those important to them that they should use the system (Venkatesh et al., 2003).
H4: Perceived Security
E-wallet privacy/security is defined as the degree to which a customer believes
that using a particular payment method through a mobile application will be kept
safe (Amoroso & Magnier-Watanabe, 2012)
H5: Perceived risk
Perceived risk is the level of financial loss that users perceive when using e-wallet
service.
H6: Perceived Trust
Trust in service providers is defined as customers trust that service providers have
integrity and credibility (Shin, 2013).
H7: Perceived Advantages
Advantages can be understood as promotion, discount when using the e-wallet or
getting vouchers.
b. Research models
Based on the theory of TRA, TPB and research models related to the use of
e-wallets, the authors propose a research model consisting of seven factors: (1)
Perceived Usefulness, (2) Perceived as ease of use, (3) Social Influence, (4)
Perceived Security, (5) Perceived risk, (6) Perceived Trust and (7) Perceived
Advantages.
 11

Perceived
Usefulness
H1(+)
Perceived as
ease of use
H2(+)

H3(+) Social Influence

Intention of using H4(+)

e-wallets when Perceived
shopping online Security

H5(-)
Perceived risk
H6(+)

H7(+) Perceived Trust

Perceived
Advantages

Figure 2. Research model

c. Observed variables
Table 1. Observed variables for qualitative findings
Construct Code Observed Variables Sources
I think the online payment is
PE1 more effective when using e-
wallet.
(Junadi, 2015)
I can save my time when
Perceived (Trivedi, 2016)
PE2 making a payment by e-
Usefulness affects (Venkatesh et al.,
wallet.
the intention of 2003)
I can do many transactions
using e-wallets (Dao My Hang,
PE3 (paying, receiving…) in a
when shopping 2018)
short time by using e-wallet.
online (Abrahão et al.,
E-wallet payment helps me
2016)
to apprehend and control my
PE4
financial situation rather than
cash payment.
Perceived as ease I can easily learn how to use (Junadi, 2015)
EE1
of use affects the the e-wallet. (Trivedi, 2016)
 12

intention of using I can easily get access to the (Venkatesh et al.,

EE2
e-wallets when e-wallet app. 2003)
shopping online The operations on e-wallet (Dao My Hang,
EE3 app are simple and easy to 2018)
do. (Abrahão et al.,
My online transactions can 2016)
EE4 be easily done by using e-
wallet.
I should use e-wallet because
SI1 many people around me use
this service.
I will use e-wallet when my (Junadi, 2015)
SI2
family and friends use it. (Venkatesh et al.,
Social Influence I will use e-wallet service 2003)
affects the SI3 when my family and friends (Dao My Hang,
intention of using recommend it. 2018)
e-wallets when Payment using e-wallet (Abrahão et al.,
shopping online becomes more and more 2016)
SI4
prevalent in this modern (Hoang Phuong
society. Thao, 2015)
I will use the e-wallet when
SI5 some influencers/ celebrities
recommend to use.
I believe that e-wallet apps
always have prepared plans
PS1
to deal with risks and ensure
my data security.
Perceived Security The app's payment service is (Chen, 2008)
affects the PS2 secure enough for me to do (Dao My Hang,
intention of using my transactions. 2018)
e-wallets when I believe that my personal (Hoang Phuong
shopping online PS3 information will not be used Thao, 2015)
for any other purposes.
The e-wallet payment system
PS4 ensures information
verification between parties.
I see a risk of money loss
PR1 when using e-wallet instead
Perceived Risk of other forms of payment.
affects the Using e-wallet makes it (Abrahão et al.,
intention of using PR2 possible for my money to be 2016)
e-wallets when stolen.
shopping online The possibility of errors
PR3 occurred within the e-wallet
payment system is very high.
 13

I believe the e-wallet system

PT1
is reliable.
I trust the information
Perceived Trust PT2
provided by the e-wallet.
affects the
I believe I can make (Ridaryanto et al.,
intention of using
PT3 transactions through e-wallet 2020)
e-wallets when
safely.
shopping online
I believe that e-wallet will
PT4 prioritize the interests of
users.
I find a lot of promotions
when using mobile payments
Perceived PA1
(cashback, points, discount (Nguyen Thi Nhu
Advantages affects
codes, etc.). Quynh and Pham
the intention of
Those offers helps me to save Thi Ngoc Anh,
using e-wallets PA2
a sum of money. 2021)
when shopping
I use e-wallet instead of other
online
PA3 payments’ forms to get more
offers.
I intend to use e-wallet in the
IU1
near future.
Intention of using I will recommend e-wallet to
IU2
e-wallets when my friends and colleagues.
(Ridaryanto et al.,
shopping online I think I will use e-wallet
IU3 2020)
(dependent more often in the future.
variable) I think I will use e-wallet for
IU4 online shopping in the near
future.

8.1.2 Quantitative research

Quantitative method will be carried out in form of surveying the student in
FTU about the intention of using e-wallet when shopping online via
questionnaires. Collected data will be processed and analyzed by the author
through SPSS software including the following steps: (i) Check the reliability of
the scale by Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient and Exploratory Factor
Analysis (EFA); (ii) Test the hypothesis by Pearson correlation analysis method
combined with regression analysis method; (iii) Make the regression equation
linear regulation and detect defects of regression model.
a. Steps to conduct
 14

S1. Processing quantitative data

S1.1 Preparing data for analysis

Sample design:
i. Sample size
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): According to Hair et al. (1998), the
minimum sample size must be obtained based on the formula: n = 5*m, where n
is the sample size and m is the total number of observed variables. So in this case,
the sample size should be at the minimum of 135.
Multivariate regression analysis: According to Tabachnick and Fidell
(2007), the minimum sample size is determined by the formula: n ≥ 8×p+50. In
which, n is the required sample size, p is the number of variables independence.
So in this case, the sample size should be at the minimum of 98.
From all the above conclusions, the minimum sample size must be 135.
ii. Sampling method
The authors have chosen non-probability convenience sampling method to
collect data and the survey subjects are the university students in FTU.
iii. The scale
All the observed variables use 5-point Likert scale with a choice of levels
from 1 to 5: (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4)
Agree; (5) Strongly agree.
iv. Questionnaire design
The content of the questionnaire consists of the following parts:
● Some information about demographic characteristics such as age, gender,
geographical location,…
● The current status of using e-wallet when shopping online.
● Surveyers’ opinions on factors affecting the intention of using e-wallets
when shopping online.
S1.2 Cleaning data
 15

● Entering data correctly

● Saving file regularly
● Checking for errors: to remove inappropriate samples due to information
errors,...
● Weighting cases

S1.3 Organizing data

Table is chosen to use in this research to show specific amounts. The

example is shown in the following picture:
Figure 3. Survey Subjects Characteristics

Source: Can Tho University Science Article

S2. Analyzing quantitative data

8.2. Data collection
8.2.1. Data collection techniques
There are two collection techniques chosen by the authors:
The first data collection technique, which is secondary data collection, is
documentary research. The authors have consulted various data sources, such as:
 16

• Financial Statements
• Sales Reports
• Retailer/Distributor/Deal Feedback
• Business Journals
• Government Records
• Trade/Business Magazines
• The internet
The second data collection technique, which targets the primary data for
quantitative findings, is the survey method using questionnaires consisting of three
parts as the authors mentioned before.
8.2.2. Data collection sources
For the primary data sources, the authors would collect through a self-designed
survey using questionnaires sent out to students studying at FTU, comprising 200
respondents.
Furthermore, the authors would gather secondary data sources from a variety
of reliable sources, such as published academic papers, articles, and thesis from
highly recommended sources, and reports from government departments or
reputable research organizations.
8.3. Data analysis techniques
8.3.1. Data analysis procedures and tools
In this thesis, the authors will process the data from qualitative findings by
coding the observed variables with the numerical values respectively using Excel
and storing in Google Drive. Then the data will be processed and analyzed by
SPSS software.
8.3.2. Data analysis techniques
The data analysis will be proceeded by the following steps using the SPSS
software:
S1: Check the reliability of the scale by Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient
S2: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
 17

S3: Pearson correlation coefficient analysis

S4: Regression analysis and hypothesis testing
9. Research schedule
April: Proceed to read in-depth research, books with topics related to
research fields such as: the theory of consumer behavior, impacts of technology
evolution on Vietnamese people's consumption habits, changes in people's
transaction habits in recent years.
May: Meet with supervisor for an initial discussion. Then conduct a more
in-depth review of the relevant literature, refining the research questions. Finally,
develop a theoretical framework and draft the literature review.
June: Start designing the research. First, design questionnaires, then
identify appropriate channels to recruit participants, complete sampling methods
and data analysis methods
July: Recruit participants and send out questionnaires, conduct semi-
structured interviews with expert groups, firm’s staff in charge of the R&D
(research and development) department and customers who have been making
online transactions via e-wallets, transcribe and code interviews and clean survey
data.
August: Statistically analyze survey data and compare the themes explored
in each interview to understand their commonalities, then finish drafting the
results.
September: Confirming or developing the beginning theory, at the same
time challenging current assumptions, and creating a basis for further research.
October: Finish a draft that includes the full scope of the project. After
receiving feedback and revisions, meet with the supervisor to discuss what needs
to be done next.
November: Rewrite based on feedback, get the supervisor’s last check, then
proofread. Lastly, print and submit the research.
 18

10. Research contribution

Although insights into determinants of e-wallet adoption have been widely

examined by many researchers, there is a dearth of study into this area when it
comes to university students in Vietnamese context. Moreover, in Vietnam,
research into this field is either limited to some locations or too wide to cover all
age groups. Therefore, insightful findings regarding the situation of utilizing e-
wallets among students pursuing higher education in FTU can be derived from this
study.
Through the topic "Factors affecting the intention of using e-wallets when
shopping online of students in FTU", it systematize the basic issues of e-wallets,
and factors affecting the intention of using e-wallets when shopping online of FTU
students.
Moreover, the findings from this research also contribute greatly to the
practical implications of the e-wallet sector by providing guidelines for companies
to enhance their services and foster their edges. Digital wallet suppliers can base
on the findings to develop marketing strategies that help to retain customers and
attract more potential users.

11. Research structure

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Theoretical framework
Chapter 3: Research methodology
Chapter 4: Finding and analysis
Chapter 5: Results discussion, recommendations and research limitations

12. Limitation and further direction

12.1. Limitation
Despite providing valuable findings and implications from both theoretical and
practical perspectives, the current research also encounters limitations:
 19

Firstly, the findings may not be generalizable to other populations with

different backgrounds, cultures, and experiences because the focus only is on
students in FTU. The data after the survey is not accurate and ensures
representativeness as only a small number of participants was used in this study,
and this is considered a limitation as it might not represent the entire population of
mobile wallet users.
Secondly, the response from survey participants may not be authentic and
sincere. The research is based on information provided by the participants
themselves, which could be influenced by societal prejudices or preconceptions.
Lastly, the limited sample size of 300 people may not be large enough to
capture the diversity of opinions and experiences related to the use of e-wallets
when shopping online, which may affect the statistical power of the analysis.
12.2. Further direction
Future research could include some additional components to further expand
the subject or finalise the studies by incorporating some other theories related to
the field. Conducting future studies in greater sample size and with a diverse
number of respondents from other regions of Vietnam or other countries would
assist in identifying cultural and contextual factors that influence the adoption and
usage of e-wallets and online shopping. Although this study focuses on digital
wallets as a payment method while shopping online, comparative study of digital
payment methods, including credit cards and other e-payment methods, would
provide a more comprehensive understanding of the preferences and usage
patterns of young shoppers while making online purchases
 20

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