ASSIGNMENT NO 2

Kiran Sana

23101270020

M.PHIL Applied linguistics

ENG-735 Introduction to Applied Linguistics

Submitted to: Ma'am Saiqa Andleeb

 Analyzing Language Errors through Pit Corder's Framework: A
Study of Second Language Learners' Written Expression

1. Introduction
This study employs Stephen P. Corder's Error Analysis theory to investigate language
samples from second language learners. The focus is on identifying systematic errors in grammar
and vocabulary, aiming to reveal underlying patterns in learners' challenges. By exploring the
root causes of these errors, including the influence of the native language, the study provides
practical insights for language education. The findings offer recommendations for trainers to
provide targeted feedback, explicit instruction, and communicative tasks to address these
systematic errors. The study's quantitative approach enhances precision in identifying and
rectifying errors, guiding trainers to foster more efficient and error-resistant second language
proficiency.

2. Selection of Texts

The texts analyzed in this study originate from the assessments conducted among second-
year students at FG Degree College. Specifically, the assessment was centered on short stories,
featuring a creative and unexpected element, with a format based on two questions. This
selection of texts serves as the foundation for examining the linguistic patterns and errors in the
learners' expression within the context of creative writing.

3. Analysis

The analysis involves a comprehensive exploration of errors present in texts produced by

second-year students at FG Degree College, employing the framework of Error Analysis.

a. Identification of Errors

A thorough examination of the texts reveals a variety of linguistic errors, including

grammatical aspects such as:

• verb form
• missing prepositions
 • missing articles
• inconsistent verb tense

Additionally, there are also issues with punctuation, capitalization, spelling, incomplete
expressions, vocabulary, and other relevant categories.

4. Samples
5. Frequency of Errors

Error Type Frequency

Verb Form 18
Missing Prepositions 6
Missing Articles 5
Inconsistent verb tense 5
Punctuation 12
Capitalization 3
Spelling 5
Incomplete expression 3
Vocabulary 2
 6. Graphical representation of frequently occurring errors:

Error Analysis

15%
Verb Form
10%
45% Punctuation

Missing article
30%
Spelling

7. Causes of Errors

The error analysis of language samples from second-year students at FG Degree College
revealed common challenges. Verb form errors, influenced by the learners' native language and
limited exposure to diverse conjugations, were frequent. Missing prepositions indicated
influences from native language structures and a lack of understanding. The absence of articles
was linked to native language interference and unawareness of article rules. Inconsistent verb
tense, another prevalent error, showed native language influence and incomplete understanding
of tense rules. Punctuation errors resulted from unfamiliarity with English rules and inconsistent
application. Capitalization issues reflected inconsistent rule application. Spelling errors stemmed
from native language phonetics and limited exposure to correct spellings. Incomplete expressions
were tied to a lack of vocabulary and difficulty in formulating thoughts. Limited vocabulary
knowledge caused errors in word usage. These insights provide a basis for targeted language
instruction to address recurring challenges.
 8. Impact of these Errors

The impact of the identified errors in the language samples from second-year students at FG
Degree College can be significant in hindering effective communication and comprehension.
Errors in verb form, missing prepositions, and inconsistent verb tense may lead to confusion
regarding the intended meaning of sentences. The absence of articles and vocabulary errors could
further disrupt the clarity of expression. Punctuation and capitalization errors may affect the
overall readability and structure of the written text, potentially causing misinterpretations.
Spelling mistakes may create challenges in understanding specific words, while incomplete
expressions could leave readers or listeners with incomplete thoughts. Recognizing the
significance of these errors emphasizes the importance of targeted language instruction to
address these issues, ultimately fostering improved language proficiency among the learners.

9. Suggestion

To enhance language proficiency and reduce recurring errors among students, targeted
strategies are recommended. Increase exposure to diverse verb forms and conjugations for better
understanding and application. Focus on prepositional usage and article rules through exercises.
Provide consistent instruction on verb tense rules with interactive activities. Emphasize
punctuation and capitalization rules for improved text structure. Encourage vocabulary-building
exercises and spelling drills. Foster a language-rich environment to minimize incomplete
thoughts in communication. Integrating these strategies into language instruction will contribute
to more effective learning and error reduction.

10.Conclusion

In conclusion, targeted strategies, including exposure to diverse verb forms, focused

exercises on prepositions and articles, and consistent instruction on verb tense rules, can
significantly enhance language proficiency among the students. Emphasizing punctuation,
capitalization, vocabulary building, and spelling drills further contributes to error reduction.
Creating a language-rich environment is essential for fostering complete and articulate
expressions. Integrating these strategies into language instruction is crucial for overall
improvement.