Taping Basic Manual Navodaya College

“THERAPEUTIC TAPING”
For common musculoskeletal conditions
At- Raichur
Organized by
Navodaya College of Physiotherapy
In association with
Institute of Manual Therapy & Taping
June 11th & 12th- 2024.
Course Coordinator`s
Dr. B. Kowshik Reddy., MPT.

Dr. J Hari Kishore Babu., MPT.
Therapeutic Taping: Navodaya College of Physiotherapy- June, 2024.
Author and Instructor:
Syed Rais A. Rizvi

MPT (MSS)., PhD Scholar.
Email: coursesimtt@gmail.com
Insta Id`s: imtt921., rais_rzv
PH: 9902762100.
• Qualification: Master in Physiotherapy- Musculoskeletal & Sports Physiotherapy

(RGUHS).
• Chief Instructor, Director at the “Institute of Manual Therapy & Taping”, Bangalore.
• Diploma in fascial manipulation, level I & II: Stecco (Italy).
• Certified K-Taping Therapist (Germany)
• Kinesiological Taping Certification (SA).
• Fellowship in clinical kinesiology taping (UK).
• IASTM certification: Gustavo Pilon Institute (Brazil).
• Fascial Therapy Certification: Fascial Therapy Institute (Aus)
• Dynamic Taping Certification: Ryan Kendrick (Aus)
• Certified manual therapist: diploma in manual therapy rehabilitation (UK).
• Worked as Principal & Professor in Physiotherapy.
• Author of over 15 publications in peer reviewed International Journals.
• Trained in educational Methodology & Research Methodology from RGUHS.
• As a Resource Person, trained over 12,000 Physiotherapists in over 350 hands-on
workshops on topics such as manual therapy, soft tissue release techniques, trigger point
release therapy, Musculofascial release Therapy, Dry needling, Rigid taping, Athletic
taping, Kinesiological taping & various other concepts of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy.
• Life member of the Indian Association of Physiotherapist`s (IAP).
• Life Member of Karnataka State Physiotherapy Federation (KSPF).
• Certified in several concepts and techniques of manual therapy and therapeutic taping like
the mulligan’s concept, Maitland’s mobilization, kaltenborn`s mobilization, Cyriax
concept, kinesiology taping, high velocity low amplitude thrust manipulations, muscle
energy techniques, positional release technique, to name a few.
Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 2

THERAPEUTIC TAPING MANUAL (BASIC)
 The basic/foundation level hands-on workshop will emphasize on introducing the

participants to the basic principles of taping, orienting them to the various types of
therapeutic tapes available and the techniques that can be practiced, that will assist in
the rehabilitation of the common musculoskeletal conditions that health care
practitioners come across in their day to day practice.
 The participants will be briefed about the different schools of thought of taping, in
reference with the existing literature and the recent advances in the field of taping.
Evidence based practice will be given due importance in this basic level workshop, by
emphasizing the practice of techniques that are well supported by scientific evidence as
well as have shown promising results clinically.
 The various techniques, included but not limited to- Rigid taping, Athletic taping and
Kinesiological taping will be briefed about and demonstrated to the participants
followed by hands-on practice of the above mentioned concepts/techniques assisted by
the resource person.
 On completion of the workshop each participant will understand the scientific rationale
behind therapeutic taping, the different ideologies of the various concepts of taping and
the best suited techniques for the different musculoskeletal conditions encountered in
day to day practice.
Workshop Objectives:
Upon completion of the basic level, participants will be able to-
 Understand the basic principles of therapeutic taping.
 Have an idea of the various taping techniques available.
 Assess, analyze and select the appropriate tape and technique for the given condition.
 Practice appropriate safety measures during the application of taping techniques.
 Know when ‘to’ and when ‘not to’ incorporate taping into the rehabilitation program.
 Know the importance of integrating taping techniques along with other therapeutic
modalities for best results.
 Most importantly- to utilize these techniques in their clinical practice and add
a therapeutic tool in their arsenal of treatment modalities.

CONTENTS
SL NO TOPICS PAGE NO
I. part-1: Introduction to therapeutic taping 6
II. Part-2: Taping guidelines 12
III. part-3: Athletic/Rigid taping applications 14
1. PFPS taping 14
2. Acromioclavicular joint taping 15
3. Ankle sprain taping 16
4. Lumbar spine support taping 17
5. Scapular repositioning taping 18
6. Trapezius inhibition taping 19
7. Thumb Spica taping 19
8. Heel pain taping 21
9. Fat pad syndrome taping 22
10. Posture Taping 22
11. ACL taping 24
12. Multidirectional instability 25
IV. part-4: Kinesiological taping 26
V. Part-5: Kinesiological taping techniques 33
Basic techniques
33
a. Therapeutic Muscular technique
b. Therapeutic ligamentous technique
Corrective techniques 35

a. Therapeutic lymphatic drainage technique 35

b. Therapeutic musculofascial technique 36
c. Therapeutic positional correction 36
d. Therapeutic space taping 37
e. Therapeutic functional taping 38
VI. part-6: Kinesiological taping applications 40
13. Deltoid application 40
14. Trapezius application 41
15. Lower back application 42
16. Quadriceps application 43
17. Plantarfascitis application 44
18. Tennis Elbow 45
19. Dequiveran's Tenosynovitis 47
20. Taping for Trigger points 48
21. Rhomboids application 48
22. Biceps application 49
23. Hamstrings application 50
24. Pectoralis major application 51
25. Pectoralis minor application 52
26. Shin splint application 53
27. Non specific neck pain 54

Part-1: INTRODUCTION TO THERAPEUTIC TAPING
What is therapeutic taping?

• The oxford dictionary defines the term ‘therapeutic’ as relating to the healing of a
disease or having a good effect on the body or mind.
• Therapeutic taping techniques are techniques that utilize an adhesive tape as a

component of management of patients with musculoskeletal ailments.
Introduction
• The application of tape to injured soft tissues and joints provides support and
protection for these structures and minimizes pain and swelling in the acute stage.
• Tape reinforces the normal supportive structures in their relaxed position and protects
the injured tissues from further damage.
• Many different techniques are used for injury prevention, support, rehabilitation,
proprioception and sport.
• Various techniques will be illustrated in this workshop, together with different

philosophies expressed by the contributors.
• Taping is an essential part of a physiotherapist’s arsenal in the various stages of

rehabilitation after injury.
• Tape is a strong, supportive, lightweight and temporary support. It conforms to the contours
and movement of the body.
However,
“It must be clearly understood that taping is not a substitute for treatment and
rehabilitation, but is an adjunct to the total-injury care programme”
ROLE OF TAPING
• To allow optimal healing without stressing the injured structures.
• To protect from further injury by supporting ligaments, tendons and muscles.
• To limit unwanted joint movement.
• To protect and support the injured structure in a functional position during the
exercise, strengthening and Proprioceptive programme.

Carryover effect
Tape can work…even after it is removed! This carry-over effect occurs because receptors in
the skin, joints, and soft tissue remain activated. This enhances the function, body awareness,
balance and flexibility of the affected part.
GOALS OF TAPING
• Prophylactic- in order to prevent injuries from happening.
• Rehabilitative- to treat the injuries/musculoskeletal ailments, by restricting the

offending movements and enhancing the healing process.
• Functional- to help the athlete/patient maintain optimum functional mobility while

still recovering from the injury.
SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS
Sport
A taping technique that is effective for one athlete may not be suitable for another athlete.
A taping technique that is effective for one particular sport may not be suitable for another
sport, since the physical and functional demands of different sports vary.
Requirements, Equipment, Environment & Rules of the sport also play a role in the selection.
Resource available
Human resource-
• Availability of trained practitioners.
• Supportive taping can sometimes be taught to the athletes/patients.
Financial resource-
• Availability of funds.
• Affordability of the patient/athlete (if not sponsored).
Patient/Athlete’s acceptance
If the patient feels that the tape application is uncomfortable, irritable or hindering ADL`s, you
might need to reconsider the application.
If the athlete feels that taping is uncomfortable or decreases performance, it won’t work (try
alternate methods or alternate treatment options).

Research findings
With respect to new techniques or products, it is probably best to keep an open mind but at the
same time it is also important to be critical in understanding what works best for what
conditions.
Personal preference
• Personal experience- what techniques have worked best for you in the past?
• Handling- what tapes and materials are you comfortable handling.
• Patient clientage- what works best for the clientage that you cater to?
• Patient feedback- Feedback from patients will also help you in the selection.
• Judgement- ultimately it is the therapist`s judgement backed by sound knowledge and
experience, that is the best criteria to decide the tape and the taping technique for a
particular patient.
Tape selection
• Size- the tape is selected depending on the area/body part to be treated. Narrower tape
is usually used for small joints (fingers & thumb) and larger width of tape is used for
large joints/area`s (ankle, spine). The size of the patient/athlete also influences the size
of the tape.
• Type- depending on the condition & requirement/functional demands of the patient.
• Quality- depends on the feasibility and also on the affordability of the athlete/patient.
SIDE EFFECTS
Skin Allergies: Some people are allergic to tape or the glue used on the tape. If the patient
feels itchy or skin becomes red and inflamed, remove the tape immediately as the patient may
be having a skin reaction.
Skin Chafing (irritation): Results when a taped area rubs against skin. It often occurs on the
thighs or between toes. To prevent chafing, apply a reasonable amount of skin lubricant to the
body part and the tape.
Blisters & Lacerations: Improper application or removal of tape (ripping off tape) can cause
blisters or small skin cuts.

Contraindications to Taping
• Allergy to taping materials.
• Open wounds.
• Active infection.
• Irritation of area of skin to be taped.
• History of hyper-sensitive skin or pre‐existing skin conditions e.g.; psoriasis, eczema,
dermatitis.
• Circulation compromised in area.
• Sensation compromised in area.
TYPES OF TAPES-
Micro pore/Paper Tape
A latex-free, hypoallergenic paper tape that is gentle to the skin yet adheres well and leaves
minimal adhesive residue upon removal. It is an economical, general purpose, breathable tape,
available in white or tan. Micro pore tape is excellent for repeated applications on sensitive
skin, fragile skin and elderly patients. It is available in a dispenser pack (usually) for easy tear
and convenience.
Under wrap
Under wrap/pre wrap is a thin foam based material used to reduce friction between the skin and
the tape surfaces. It helps to protect the skin & help eliminate skin irritation, but decreases the
efficiency of the tape. It is Skin friendly and hypo-allergenic, thus ideal for all sports.
Rigid Athletic Tape (non-elastic)
These are preferred for joint injuries, such as sprains, or conditions that need rest, support and
immobilization to facilitate healing of tissues. They include regular white cloth athletic tapes
and brown tapes. The white athletic tapes are commonly used for prophylactic purposes
whereas the stronger brown tapes are designed for specific taping techniques, like joint-
realignment etc.
Elastic Tape
The elastic adhesive tapes have a fabric backing that permit some flexibility and movement
(unlike rigid tape), so that muscles can contract and relax while still being supported. The
thicker version of elastic tape is suitable when strong support and compression is required for
injury protection.

Self Adherent (cohesive) Tape
This tape contains a cohesive material that sticks only to itself. It is excellent as a bandage for
acute injuries, like sprained ankles, as it provides compression to reduce swelling. Since it
sticks to itself and not the skin, skin reactions are highly unlikely.
Kinesiological Tape
This is a cloth tape with acrylic glue that allows for ventilation, good adhesion with minimal
negative skin reactions. The elastic pattern moves with the skin and allows normal movement.
It is water and sweat resistant so it can be kept on to shower and bathe. More elaborate
explanation on Kinesiological tape will be provided in further sections of the text.
TAPING CHOICE
• Athletic/rigid taping most effective for instability or injury where the necessity of support,
protection and rest is predominant.
• Kinesiological taping most effective for pain, inflammation and muscle dysfunctions where
the necessity of mobility/function is predominant.
TAPING TABLE
• Usual treatment table is 72 cm (30”) high.
• Higher table - usually 89 cm (35”) high, dependent on therapist’s height.
PATIENT`S POSITION
Standing, sitting etc, depending on purpose and site of application.
• Ankle/foot/leg: project part out from end of table.

• Hip/groin/trunk/shoulder: standing on floor.
• Knee: standing/ Supine with leg resting on couch.
• Elbow: seated with hand propped on roll cushion.
These are the standard/recommended positions, but alternate positions can be opted based upon
the technique, the treatment area, patient comfort, accessibility of the affected area and
ergonomic considerations for the therapist.

BASIC TAPING TERMS
• Anchors: initial strips of tape which provide the base or foundation of the technique-
all other strips of tape should either start or finish on the anchors.
• Finishing/Cover Tape Strips: applied to hold the functional strips in place- can be placed
right over top of the initial anchors.
Functional Strips:
• Check reins:- prevent a segment or joint from moving into a painful ROM by taping it
to an adjacent uninjured structure to stabilize the injury yet allow for some degree of
movement (X taping).
• Spirals:- continuous strips of tape that wrap around the limbs between upper and lower
anchors like stripes on a candy cane.
• Spica:- continuous wrap of tape that encircles a limb/segment and secures it to a more
stable/proximal body part, forming a figure of 8.
• Stirrup:- A vertical "U" piece of tape to support either side of the ankle. It is a continuous
strip of tape that runs down from the leg anchor, loops under the heel and back up the
opposite side of the leg, ending at the other anchor.
• Reinforcing strips:- superimposed strips of tape applied to restrict movement and add
tensile strength to the application.
Rules for Therapeutic Taping
• There are no “rules” only guidelines.
• All of the types of taping techniques taught in this workshop have very specific step-
by-step instructions regarding position of muscle / joint, application of tape and
direction of pull.
• However, utilize your knowledge of biomechanics, anatomy, clinical Conditions

and tape for what you want to accomplish.
• Then check to see if the application accomplished your goal.

Part 2: TAPING GUIDELINES
Pre-taping Assessment:
 Has the injury been thoroughly assessed?
 How did the injury occur?
 What structures were damaged?
 What tissues need protection and support?
 What movements must be restricted?
 Is the injury acute or chronic?
 Is immobilization necessary at this stage?
 What would be the suitable technique?
 Do you have required materials at hand?
Prepare the area to be taped

 Wash, dry and shave/trim (no hair) the skin in a downward direction.
 Remove oils/cosmetics for better adhesion.
 Cover broken lesions before taping.
 Check if the athlete/patient is allergic to taping.
 Apply under wrap for sensitive skin.
Positioning
 Have the athlete/patient and yourself in a comfortable position, e.g. couch at an
optimal working height, to avoid fatigue.
 Have the full attention of the athlete/patient.
 Place the joint in a functional position, with minimum stress on the injured structure.
 Ensure that the ligaments are in the shortened position.

Application
 Use the correct type, width and amount of tape for the application.
 Apply tape to skin which is at room temperature.
 Begin with anchors
 Overlap successive strips by half to prevent slippage and gapping.
 Apply each strip with a particular purpose in mind.
 Apply tape smoothly and firmly.
 Flow with the shape of the limb.
 Avoid pressure points, wrinkles and creases to prevent blisters/lacerations.
 Apply strips of tape in a sequential order.
 Explain the function of the tape to the athlete, and how it should feel.
 On completion, check if the patient is comfortable.
Post-taping assessment
Check for patient comfort, as well as signs of impaired circulation.
 Numbness
 Tingling
 Discoloration
 Loss of pulse
 Loss of function
Tape removal
Never rip tape off.
Remove the tape carefully by peeling it back on itself, and pushing the skin away from the
tape.
Pull the tape carefully along the axis of the limb.
Check the skin for damage and apply lotion to restore skin moisture.
Tape should not be left on for more than 24 hrs, unless using hypoallergenic tape which may
be left on longer.
Leaving tape on for too long a period may lead to skin breakdown.

Part 3: ATHLETIC/RIGID TAPING APPLICATIONS
1. PFPS Taping
When the patella does not track properly in the trochlear grove, it can lead to Patello-femoral
pain and dysfunction.
A patella can track ineffectively for a number of reasons:

1. Weakness of the VMO muscle.
2. Muscle imbalance.
3. Structural deviation etc.
One of the most common treatment techniques for the treatment of patellofemoral (anterior
knee) pain is patellar taping, also referred to as PFPS taping or McConnell taping. McConnell
taping was first introduced in 1984 by Jenny McConnell, a physical therapist in Australia.
There are several taping techniques that address different tracking problems. The original intent
of performing patellar taping was to alter the tilt and position of the patella, most commonly
by shifting a laterally displaced patella more medially to correct patellofemoral tracking
problems.
The PFPS taping technique can help maintain the patella in alignment. This can help re-
establish normal movement, decrease pain and allow the muscles that hold the patella in place
to redevelop properly.
McConnell would correct this by first applying a protective tape, then applying a piece of thick
rigid tape (usually called Leukotape) placed adjacent to the knee, then pulling the patella into
position.
While wearing the tape, most patients feel immediate pain relief and they are encouraged to
exercise with the tape in place to provide the muscles with the appropriate feedback to correct
the problem.
3 components of PFPS taping-

Medial shift Medial tilt Medial rotation

2. Acromioclavicular joint taping

Indication: AC joint sprain/dysfunction.
Function:
1. Maintaining approximation of the acromion and distal end of the clavicle following AC
joint injury.
2. Assisting in depressing the distal end of the clavicle.
Position: Patient sitting with the arm supported and abducted 50–60° to the horizontal, and
10° horizontal flexion.
Steps
1. Apply two strips of rigid tape from below the inferior angle of the scapula, over the
shoulder (avoiding the AC joint) to the Sub pectoral region.
2. Apply one to two incomplete anchors to the humerus distal to the deltoid insertion,
overlapping by two-thirds.
3. Attach two support strips from the anterior and posterior aspects of the humeral anchors.
Passing, in a supero-posterior and supero-anterior direction, attach to the posterior and
anterior aspects of the thoracic anchor respectively.
4. Repeat with two more support strips, overlapping the previous strips by two-thirds.
5. Reapply the original thoracic and humeral anchors respectively.

6. Apply two locking anchors to the thorax, to ensure the thoracic tapes do not lift during
arm elevation.
3. Ankle sprain taping

Indication: Inversion trauma of the ankle resulting in positional fault of inferior tibiofibular
joint.
Function: Corrects the positional fault of the fibula by repositioning it back on the tibia.
Position: Ankle in neutral position (sometimes relative plantar flexion). Patient lying supine
on plinth with hip & knee in flexion, foot resting on plinth.
MWM taping, Steps for tape application-
1. Aim of taping is to glide fibula posterolaterally.
2. Apply and maintain glide to the distal fibula.
3. Tape starts anterolaterally over the distal end of the fibula and lies obliquely.

4. Direct the tape in a posterosuperior direction, making sure to lay the tape over the Achilles,
to end anteromedially on the tibia.
4. Lumbar spine support taping

Indication: Lumbar spine dysfunction and pain. Avoidance of painful lumbar
flexion/postures.
Function: Maintains neutral to extended lumbar lordosis. Avoids pain provoking positions
and facilitates a more extended posture.
Position: Patient lying prone or may be taped in sitting or standing.
Steps for tape application
1. Spine in neutral to slightly extended position with lumbar curvatures maintained.

2. Anchor strips are applied to the top and bottom of the area to be taped.
3. An X is formed across the lumbar region from the top anchor to the bottom anchor, with
the centre of the X overlying L2–3 region. Repeat this X with two more strips
overlapping the previous strips by half.
4. The top and bottom of the X are then re-anchored.

5. Scapular repositioning taping

Indication: Instability, impingement, tendinitis, malposition/dyskinesis.
Function: To reposition the scapula to a neutral posture and optimise the length-tension
relationship of the rhomboids, lower trapezius, serratus anterior and other scapular muscles.
Position: Scapula in retracted, depressed position.

1. Course Of tape: from the coracoid process anteriorly, across the lateral aspect of the
acromion to a point just lateral to the T7 spinous process.
2. Apply the tape with a firm pressure on the anterior aspect of shoulder, in a postero-lateral
direction.
3. Complete the technique by adhering the end of the tape lateral to T-7 spinous process,
compressing the medial border of the scapula in the process.

6. Trapezius inhibition taping

Indication: Variety of neck and shoulder conditions that result in, or are exacerbated by
trapezius spasm/hitching of shoulder.
Function: To bunch the upper trapezius fibres laterally, thereby reducing their ability to
activate, thus in turn resulting in reduced hitching.
Position: Neutral scapular posture.

1. Course of tape: from mid-clavicle to a point at the level of T7, medial to the medial border
of the scapula.
2. Apply the tape with a posterior-inferior force, to bunch the upper trapezius fibres, from
mid-clavicular region anteriorly till the level of T7 posteriorly.
3. Continue this pressure as the rest of the tape is laid down.
{The rule of lateral bunching of over-active muscles and longitudinal bunching for under-
active muscles}
7. Thumb Spica taping

Indication: Gamekeepers Thumb / UCL Sprain (MCP).
Function: To provide support and stability to the first metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand.
Position: Wrist- slight extention & radial deviation.
Thumb- neutral/resting position.

Apply an anchor strip of adhesive tape around the wrist. Start at the ulnar condyle, cross the
dorsal aspect of the distal forearm and encircle the wrist.
Apply the first support strip for the first metacarpophalangeal joint. Starting at the ulnar
condyle, cross the dorsum of the hand, cover the lateral joint line, encircle the thumb, proceed
across the palmar aspect of the hand and finish at the ulnar condyle.
Apply two more support strips overlapping the previous strips by one third. To help hold this
procedure in place, apply a final anchor strip around the wrist.

8. Heel pain taping

Indication:
 Heel pain, chronic plantar fasciitis, Retro-Calcaneal bursitis.
 When a mobilization with movement (MWM) of the Calcaneum has restored pain
free function.
Function:
 Alters the position of Calcaneum in relation to talus, thus correcting a positional
fault/altering the line of stress.
Position:
 Ankle in neutral position. Patient lying supine on plinth, with the ankle & foot
projected out.
Steps for tape application:
Calcaneum taped into internal rotation.
1. The initial strip of tape is adhered around the back of the heel on the lateral aspect.
2. The therapist glides the Calcaneum into internal rotation.
3. The tape is applied obliquely and medially over the Calcaneum, ending on the dorsum
of foot (lateral aspect).
4. A second tape is placed over the first for reinforcement.

9. Patellofemoral Fat pad syndrome taping

Indications
 Patellofemoral fat pad syndrome (Hoffa`s syndrome).
Objective
 To unload the fat pad.
 The increase space- reduce impingement of the fat pad.
Position
 Knee in slight flexion (20-30degree), resting on a couch/pillow.

1. Apply one tape over superior border of patella, push down to tilt inferior patella
upwards.
2. Apply next tape from tibial tuberosity laterally up to superior tape. As pull up scoop
soft tissue medially.
3. Apply the next strip of tape form tibial tuberosity medially up to superior tape. As pull
up scoop soft tissue medially.
4. Knee will now look puffy when in extension.
10. Posture Taping
Indication:
 Upper cross syndrome.
 Muscle imbalance.

 Postural dysfunction etc.
Objective:
 Postural correction (upper back)
Position:
 Scapular setting (Retraction & Depression)
Step-1
 Ask patient to extend their thoracic spine.
 Place protective tape from T1 to T7 followed by rigid tape- paraspinal.
Step-2
 Ask patient to retract and depress their scapula (Scapular setting).
 Apply protective tape followed by rigid tape from middle of the scapula spine to T12
diagonally towards spine.

11. ACL taping
Indications: To stabilize the tibia on the femur and support the anterior cruciate ligament.
Objective:
 To help stabilize the anterior cruciate ligament.
 To prevent excessive anterior translation of femur on tibia.
 To limit medial/lateral rotation of femur or tibia.
 To relieve stress at the attachment of the patellar tendon on the tibial tubercle.
Position: The knee is flexed & leg in neutral position.

• Apply two anchors to the lower third of the thigh and one anchor distal to the tibial
tubercle.
• Apply the first functional strip starting on the anterolateral aspect of the distal anchor,
pass with full tension anteriorly across the tibial tubercle and diagonally upwards to the
proximal anchor on the medial side.
• Apply a second strip on the opposite side with the same tension.
• Apply two more strips medially and laterally over the initial strips, superimposed on
the inferior tails, and fanning out and overlapping by one-half, to attach to the proximal
anchor.

• Lock these six strips in place with covering anchors.
12. Multidirectional Instability taping
Indication: Multidirectional shoulder instability.
Function: Taping stabilizes the head of humerus in the glenoid cavity.

Position: Patient sitting on chair or stool, forearm supported on table at 45° of abduction.
Steps for tape application-
First strip: 1st piece of tape is anchored at middle deltoid and pulled superiorly to attach to
the acromion.
Second strip: 2nd tape begins anteriorly on the deltoid and passes diagonally to anchor at the
spine of the scapula.
Third strip: 3rd tape begins over the posterior deltoid and is anchored on upper trapezius.

Part 4: KINESIOLOGICAL TAPING
It is a time tested therapeutic taping method which makes use of a uniquely designed elastic
tape that enhances muscular, joint and circulatory function.
The Kinesiological tape is a cotton based cloth tape with acrylic glue that allows for ventilation,
good adhesion with minimal negative skin reactions.
This highly specific tape has been used worldwide, in many settings, from chiropractic offices
to athletic training rooms, physical therapy clinics and athletic fields.
It can be applied 24 hrs a day, for 3-5 days.
Fundamental basis
Kinesiological taping is based on the science of kinesiology, with a belief that the body’s
muscles are responsible for the movements of and in the body as well as being in control of
other elements, such as circulation of the blood and body temperature.
As a result of this, when muscles fail or are impaired, other parts of the body are necessarily
effected, thus putting their function at risk.
The principle of kinesiology is to treat the muscles to help the body heal itself naturally.
Unique qualities of the tape

Kinesiological tape is 100% cotton, hypoallergenic, latex free, non-restrictive elastic adhesive
tape designed to have the same amount of stretch as human skin.
This tape mimics skin—it is the approximate thickness of the epidermis, and when properly
applied, the body will not perceive its weight.
There is no latex, and the adhesive is 100% acrylic. It is activated by body heat and will become
more adherent, the longer it is worn.
In the manufacturing process, the adhesive is applied to the fibers of the tape in a wave-like
pattern to mimic the qualities of fingerprints on the fingertip. This wave pattern lifts the
epidermis and also allows for moisture to escape.

Skin preparation
Skin preparation is important to the application process, since the tape works via the skin.
The skin should be clean and free of any oils/cosmetics.
Hair may also need to be clipped or shaved since the application works by skin to tape
contact.
Application
The practitioner has to be thorough with anatomy in order to practise Kinesiological taping.
The practitioner must “unlearn” traditional tape application methods, as the techniques used to
apply Kinesiological tape are different from traditional tapes. The tape has a paper backing
which can be torn, folded back, and removed in different ways, depending on the desired
application.
The tape can be worn for three to five days, and be worn during athletic events as seen in the
recent Olympics. The tape comes in several sizes; the most commonly used size is the 2 inch
width.
The tape itself can stretch (only longitudinally) approximately 40-60% of its resting length.
The tension may be altered when applying to the skin, depending on the desired effect and the
technique being used.
How to apply Kinesiological tape?

• Measure and cut the tape into the size and shape required.
• Round off the corners at the end of the tape to prevent it from lifting/peeling.
• Remove the paper backing and apply.
• Rub- to activate the adhesive.

Fundamental guidelines-
Anchors:
Never stretch the ends of the tape and leave between 2 & 3 cm of tape at each end that will
remain unstretched, serving as the anchors.
Pre-stretch:
Before the Kinesiological tape is applied to the injured area, guide and place the soft tissues
into a naturally stretched position-
1. This allows for wrinkling or recoil, so the Kinesiological tape will create convolutions
on the skin, which aid in normal blood and lymphatic flow.
2. Applying in a stretched position also allows full range of motion for the patient.
Mechanism
Potential skin lifting effect of Kinesiological tape-
 Creates convolutions.
 Sub-dermal vacuum.
 Tissue decompression.
 Promoting fluid flow.
Recoil effect: when tape is applied at or below 50% of available tension, the tape will recoil
or pull back toward the anchor, thus potentially shortening or lengthening the tissues.
Conditions, it can be used for? Ac joint dysfunction, Bicipital tendinitis, Tennis elbow,
Carpal tunnel syndrome, Dequiveran`s tenosynovitis, Spinal dysfunction, Patellofemoral pain
syndrome, Achilles tendinitis, Ankle sprain & many more……. (Virtually everything)

Preventive/Curative-
The taping methods can be preventative by supporting muscles and stabilizing soft tissues or
rehabilitative to allow athletes to continue training and competing as injuries heal.
The tape may be used with differing degrees of stretch depending on the desired effect of the
taping i.e, preventive, supportive or curative.
USP
Kinesiological tape is water-resistant and may be utilized even when swimming, showering
or with hydrotherapy.
Kinesiological tape is among the very few therapeutic tapes, that “Doesn’t restrict mobility”
Functions
The tape has five major functions:
1) Skin: Relieve pain or pressure and improve proprioception.
2) Circulatory /Lymph: Remove congestion of lymphatic fluid. Promote natural fluid flow
between the layers of tissue.
3) Fascia: Return homeostasis to the fascial matrix.
4) Muscle: Restore or promote normal muscle function.
5) Joint: Improve joint biomechanics and alignment.
Precautions/Contraindications
• People currently under cancer treatment (do not want to promote lymph movement)
• Pins/needles/numbness under tape.
• Skin irritation, Open wounds, Infection, Cellulites.
• Fragile or sensitive skin (geriatric and paediatric population)
• Never blow dry the tape- it will burn you (if taped on the neck in particular)

Kinesiological Tape & Skin

• The skin is the largest organ of the body and is filled with many different receptors that
feed information to our brain.
• It is through sensory receptors that we are able to take information from our
environments, process it and have smooth coordinated movements.
• Kinesiological Taping is one of the clinical interventions that can be used to stimulate
our sensory system
Kinesiological Tape tensioning

• Suitable tape tension during its application is assigned by the therapist, depending on
the purpose of the therapy.
• In Kinesiological taping techniques various degrees of tension are used, which are
marked descriptively and by means of their maximum extension percentages.
Less is better
• During tape tensioning the principle of "less is better" is respected and the greater the
tension of the tape is, the longer the anchors should be, to break the tension and reduce
the risk of skin irritation.
KINESIOLOGICAL TAPE TENSIONING

The degree of tension Designation in % Effect/function
None 0 Anchors
Very light 15 Inhibition of the Myofascia
Light 25 Facilitates the Myofascia
Moderate 50 Corrective techniques
Severe 75 Tendon, Ligament based techniques.
Full 100 Positional corrections and Ligament
Paper off tension 10 Lymph
Easy way to think about how you will be taping

M – Move (10-25%)
R- Repair (25-50%)
A- Adapt (50+ %)

The cuts
The Kinesiological tape can be cut in different shapes/patterns based on:
 Location of the treatment area.
 Muscle shape.
 The desired effect.
"I"
• Most effective following acute injuries.

• The tension concentrated within therapeutic zone directly over the target tissue.
• Utilized more to directly overlap muscle belly.
• Can be used to inhibit or facilitate or as corrective taping.
"Y"
• Most effective following chronic injuries.

• The tension scattered alongside the two strips/tails over target tissue and between
those strips.
• Utilized more to surround muscle belly than to directly cover it.
• Can be used to inhibit or facilitate or as corrective taping.

"X"
• Works on a small space – Rhomboids, Elbow injury, Fascia.

• The tension focused directly over the target tissue and scattered alongside the
branches at each end.
• Utilized often for 2 joint muscles with max tension on muscle belly.
• When a muscle`s origin & insertion might change depending upon the movement
pattern of the joint.
"Fan"
• The tension scattered over the target tissue alongside many branches.
• Utilized for lymphatic correction
• Paper-off tension.
• Cut with 4-6 tails, depending on surface area.
"Web"

• Used as a modified "fan”

• Utilized for lymphatic correction, edema or space technique.
• 10-20% stretch
• Cut with 4-6 folds, depending on the surface area.
• Place the joint in as much of stretched position (at least mid joint position).
“Donut”
• The center cut-out of donut hole is placed directly over the area to be treated.
• It is primarily used for oedema/pain in a focal or spot specific area or to increase

space in a particular region.
• It is sometimes used when the application requires passing a finger/toe through the
tape.
PART 5: KINESIOLOGICAL TAPING TECHNIQUES

I. Basic techniques-
1. Therapeutic Muscular technique.
2. Therapeutic Ligamentous technique
II. Corrective techniques-

1. Therapeutic Lymphatic drainage technique
2. Therapeutic Space technique
3. Therapeutic Positional correction
4. Therapeutic Musculofascial technique
5. Therapeutic Functional technique

Therapeutic Muscular technique

Indications: hyper tonus/hypo tonus.
Pain/myalgia.
Impaired function.
Objective: Activate the muscle.
Relax/inhibit the muscle.
There are two basic application directions for treatment of muscles.
For a weak muscle, the tape is applied from origin to insertion of the muscle in order to facilitate
the muscle’s function. The tape is applied with 25-50% tension. Direction of recoil is Distal to
Proximal.
For the overused/spasmodic muscles, the tape is applied from insertion to origin of the specific
muscle, with very little tension or “paper off tape”, which is 15-25% tension. Direction of recoil
is Proximal to Distal.
Rule of thumb: “Muscle in maximum stretch pre-taping”
Therapeutic Ligamentous technique

Indications: Tendon and Ligament injuries.
Objective: Support.
Pain relief.
Improve resilience.
This technique is used to create increased stimulation over a ligament or tendon to stimulate
the mechanoreceptors.
Rule of thumb: “Maximum stretching of the tape, pre-taping” (except anchors)
Eg: MCL taping-“I” strip is fully stretched in the middle, and then applied with each end
being anchored with no stretch.

CORRECTIVE TECHNIQUES
• There are 5 corrective techniques that serve specific purpose/function in the treatment
of various injuries/ailments. These corrective techniques can be integrated along with
the basic techniques for best results.
• The application methods may overlap a bit and look similar, but should be determined
based on the patient’s condition and the best method to treat an area.
• Proper application will blend several elements of the Kinesiological taping method,
with each element having a specific function.
Therapeutic Lymphatic drainage Technique
This technique assists the removal of edema by directing or “channelling”

the fluid proximally.
Directional pull of the tape guides the exudate to less congested areas,
through superficial lymphatic pathways.
The tape application, via a “fan” strip, is used to lift the skin superficially.
Application
• In lymphoedema Kinesiological tape is usually applied using the fan cut technique.
• This involves cutting the tape into 4, 5 or sometimes 6 strips with a base.
• The base is applied without tension towards the lymph node to which the lymphatic
drainage is being directed.
• With the affected area in a slightly stretched position, the fans are directed distally, with
minimal stretch (0-15%, paper-off tension).
{If a DVT is suspected, taping the extremity would be contraindicated}
{Under normal circumstances, the body processes two litres of lymphatic fluid per day. The
lymph vessels carry away waste products that are unable to be transported via the veins.
The very small lymph collector vessels are attached to the skin via filaments and the deeper
lymph vessels, called angions, lie between the layers of muscle, like a string of pearls.

When there is movement of muscles, the various vessels are able to transport the wastes more
efficiently.
Edema is usually a result of the inability of the lymph vessels to keep up with fluid demand,
due to trauma, infection or inflammation}
Therapeutic Musculofascial Technique

Application of Kinesiological tape in the musculofascial method involves using light to
moderate tension (25-50%)
Generally, for fascia correction a Y strip of Kinesiological Tape is used.

• The base is applied with no tension, then by applying light tension the tape is gently
stretched in the direction fascia correction is desired.
• The practitioner “oscillates” or “vibrates” the tape during application.
• This corrective technique is used to gather fascial tissue in order to position it in a
desired position and alignment.
• It can hold or assist the fascia from unwinding.
Therapeutic Positional Correction

• The purpose of this technique is to reposition or return structures to their normal
position, by positioning of the structure to stimulate a sensation which results in the
body’s adaptation to the stimulus.
• Moderate to severe tension is applied to the tape (50-75%).
• Functional support can be maintained without losing active range of motion.

• This technique can be used to either place the tissue in the desired position, or provide
a blocking action to limit joint movement.
• The method uses either an “I” strip with tension in the middle, or a “Y” strip with the
taped areas under the tails to be pulled towards the base.
Therapeutic Space correction

This technique requires applying the Kinesiological tape directly over an area of pain,
inflammation or swelling.
The tape decreases pressure by the lifting of the skin directly over the treatment area.
The “I” strip, “Y” strip, Web, or “Donut” hole can accomplish this technique.
{Space correction creates the effect of elevation and returning over the target tissue. The
resulting area experiences reduced pressure, receptor’s irritation, thereby reducing pain. In
addition, it improves blood circulation and accelerates the removal of inflammation pleural.
This technique is characterized by acting with high speed}

Therapeutic Functional Taping

• This is used to create a sensory stimulation (via tape) to either assist or limit a motion.
• Put the joint in the desired assisted position first, then Using an “I” strip apply the
tape with moderate to severe tension.
• Rule of thumb: Tension onn during undesired motion and off during desired motion.
Example 1- limiting wrist flexion (Radial Tunnel Syndrome)
• Measure & cut an I strip with two donut holes at one end of tape.
• Place the middle & ring fingers through the holes.
• Place the wrist in extention.
• Apply the distal anchor with no tension.
• Apply 40% to 50% tension in the middle making a bridge & apply the proximal
anchor.
• Move the wrist towards flexion while rubbing on the tape.

Example-2: Limiting plantar flexion.
• Measure & cut an I strip with two donut holes at one end of tape.
• Place the 2nd & 3rd toe through the holes to apply tape on the volar surface.
• Place the ankle in dorsiflexion
• Apply the distal anchor with no tension
• Apply 40% to 50% tension in the middle making a bridge & apply the proximal
anchor.
• Move the ankle towards plantar flexion while rubbing on the tape.

Part 6: KINESIOLOGICAL TAPING APPLICATIONS
13. Deltoid application

Deltoid muscle: composed of anterior, middle & posterior fibers.
Objective: inhibition/ activation.
Clinical implications: shoulder injuries; post injury weakness, rotator cuff injuries etc.
Procedure-
Measure and cut “Y” strip.
2 strips: Anterior & Posterior.
Adhere anchor of Y strip at deltoid tuberosity, and activate the glue.
Posterior strip:
Position: place the arm in horizontal adduction, i.e, across the chest.
Follow the posterior deltoid, apply the posterior strip and activate the glue.

Anterior strip:
Position: shoulder in extention & internal rotation.
Follow the anterior deltoid, apply the anterior strip, and activate the glue.
14. Upper trapezius application
Objective: Inhibition- insertion to origin (I-O).

Clinical implications: trapezius spasm (most common), postural problems, chronic neck pain
etc.
Procedure-
Measure & cut “I” strip.
Adhere the anchor just below the acromion process & activate the glue.
Position: shoulder depression & neck opposite side lateral flexion.
Follow the course of the upper trapezius muscle and apply the tape up to the origin (cervical region).
Activate the glue.

15. Lower back application

Objective: inhibition/support.
Clinical implications: lumbago, nonspecific low back pain, paraspinal muscle spasm.
Procedure-
Measure and cut two “I” strips.
Position: patient standing, or high sitting.
Patient bends forwards from the waist.
Apply two vertical strips with anchors on either side of the top of the buttock cleft (PSIS) and
apply upwards on either side of the spine till mid thoracic region.
You can also apply a horizontal strip across the most painful area with a 50% stretch (for
stability/support).

16. Quadriceps application

Objective: Activation, Facilitation.
Clinical implications: Post-injury weakness/wasting, Patella tracking dysfunction,

Preparation for sport.
Procedure-
Measure and cut a modified “Y” strip.
Position: Patient in side lying position, with affected leg up.
Adhere the anchor at the origin of quadriceps.
Gradually extend hip and flex the knee, placing the quadriceps in a stretched position.
Apply the tape distally up to just before the knee joint. Apply the two tails around the patella.
Activate the adhesive.

17. Plantarfascitis application
Objective: support/inhibition.
Clinical implications: Plantarfascitis, heel pain, Pes planus.
Procedure- Measure and cut a “I” or “fan” strip.
Position: patient relaxed, supine lying. Foot in dorsi flexion.
Adhere the anchor at the base of heel. Apply the tape towards the toes with no/minimal
stretch.
Add-on arch support-
Measure and cut “I” strip. Anchor this strip at the outside (dorsum) top edge of the foot. Apply
the tape from outside to inside to support the arch, pulling up a little at the end (medially). Lay
down the end with no tension on the top of the foot.

18. Tennis Elbow
Objective
 Inhibition/Activation of the extensor muscles.
 Unloading the common extensor origin.
Clinical implications
 Tennis elbow
 Overload of the common extensor muscles.
 Preparation for sport
 Measure and cut a Y strip of tape.

 Adhere the anchor of the Y strip just distal to the wrist.
 Position: elbow extention, forearm pronation & wrist flexion, placing the extensor
muscles in full stretch.
 Apply both tails of the Y strip apart along the muscle till just proximal to the common
extensor origin.
 Anchor both ends of the Y strip with no stretch.

Add-on correction technique
1. Apply a fascia technique a little below the common extensor origin (Y strip).
2. Apply the base of the short Y strip just below the common extensor origin on the
dorsal aspect.
3. Apply the 2 tails across the pain full area via fascia technique.
4. Anchor the ends with no stretch.
Activate the adhesive.

19. Dequiveran's Tenosynovitis
Objective
 Inhibit/support.
 Rest/unload.
Clinical implications
 Dequiveran`s
 RSI
 Preparation for sport.
Application
Measure and cut a I strip.
Position- Wrist in ulnar deviation & slight flexion.

Thumb in flexion & adduction.
Anchor the long I strip over the tip of the thumb and apply the tape along the dorsum of
thumb, continuing along the lateral aspect of the forearm along the course of the muscles.

Fascia technique (Short Y strip)
Anchor the base of Y tape at the volar aspect (radial side) of the wrist.
Apply one tail around the wrist and another tail over the lower forearm as shown.
Anchor the ends with no stretch

20. Taping for Trigger points
• Apply 3-4 strips of tape across the trigger point in an overlapping manner.
 For acute trigger points: no stretch.
 For chronic trigger points: 30-50% stretch.
Anchor the ends of tape with no stretch.
21. Rhomboids application
Objective:
Activation/Support.
Clinical Implications-
 Inter-Scapular Pain.
 Scapular dyskinesis.
 Shoulder movement impairment.
Measure and cut an “X” strip of tape.

Position: shoulder horizontally adducted across the front of the body, thumb reaching toward
opposite hip (fully stretched position).
Apply the centre portion of the tape directly over the muscle belly (sp T2-T5 to medial border
of scapula) with mild stretch.
One at a time, apply the tails around the boundaries of the muscle with no stretch.
Rub, to activate the adhesive.

22. Biceps application
• Objective: Activation/Inhibition.
• Clinical implications: Bicipital tendinitis.
Biceps strain.
Overuse injury/spasm.
Preparation for sport.
• Measure & Cut a Y strip.

• Position- biceps in full stretch (shoulder in Ext Rotation & Extention; elbow
extention, forearm supination)
• Apply the base of the “Y” strip at the radial head with no tension.
• Apply each tail with paper off tension surrounding the biceps muscle.
• Anchor the ends at the coracoid process with no stretch.

{Medial tail: apply with shoulder in neutral rotation. Lateral tail: apply with shoulder in
lateral rotation}
Add-on for Bicipital tendinitis

Measure & Cut a short “Y” strip.
Position- Patient’s shoulder in extention & external rotation.
Apply the base without tension medial to the Bicipital groove.
Apply the tails with 25% tension in the transverse direction directing the fascia laterally.
Anchor the ends with no stretch.
23. Hamstrings application

• Hamstrings: composed of biceps femoris, semi-tendinosis & semimembranosis.
• Objective: Activation/Inhibition.
• Clinical implications: Overuse injuries.

Hamstring strain.
Preparation for sport (Running).

• Measure and cut a “Y” strip.
• Apply the anchor of the Y strip just below the ischial tuberosity.
• Position: hamstrings in a stretched position.
For the hamstrings, this means having the knee extended and hip flexed.
This can be done by having the patient lay on the plinth face down with the affected
leg off the table and the foot on the floor with the leg as straight as the patient can tolerate.
{Alternate position: lying on your back using a belt/strap to pull the leg up}

• Apply the 2 tails of the Kinesiological tape-
 Medial tail covering the medial hamstrings & ending over the medial joint line of the
knee.
 Lateral tail covering the lateral hamstrings & ending over the head of fibula.
• Rub to activate the adhesive.
Strain:
 Measure and cut a short I strip.
 Stretch the tape up to 25-30% in the middle & apply across the most painful area,
laying the ends of the tape with no stretch.
Overuse:
 Measure and cut a Y strip.
 Apply the y strip across the muscle belly using musculofascial technique.
24. Pectoralis major application
• Objective: Inhibition/Relaxation.
• Clinical implications:
 Tightness.
 Overuse.
 Postural dysfunctions (muscle imbalance).

• Measure and cut a piece of Y tape.

• Position: supine lying, arm out of the couch, with shoulder in extention, external
rotation and abduction, placing the muscle in full stretch.
Apply the base of Y strip on the lateral aspect of shoulder and spread two tails towards the
chest with minimal stretch, as follows-
 1st tail: clavicular fibers.
 2nd tail: Sternal
fibers. Rub to activate the
adhesive.
25. Pectoralis minor

• Objective: Inhibit/Relax.
 Overuse.
 Postural dysfunctions (muscle imbalance)
 Sick scapula syndrome.
• Measure and cut a “Y” strip.

• Apply the base of the Y strip at the coracoid process.
• Position: Instruct patient to bring scapula/shoulder blades together (retraction &
depression of scapula), thus placing the pectoralis minor in a stretched position.
• Apply the tails along the muscle up to ribs 3-5 with minimal stretch.

26. Shin splint application
• Objective: inhibit/support/unload.
 Shin splint.
 Overuse injury.
 Soreness.
 RSI.
Application
“I” Strip- therapeutic muscular technique for tibialis anterior (inhibition)
Measure & cut a I strip.
Apply the anchor on the sole of the foot medially.
Position: knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion & eversion.
 Apply the tape with minimal stretch over the dorsum of the feet, continuing on the
anterior aspect of the leg along the course of the tibialis anterior muscle.
 Anchor the end of the tape just below the knee with no stretch.

“Y” Strip- Fascia technique
1. Measure & cut a small “Y” strip and apply on the shin at the area of maximum
soreness/tenderness.
2. Anchor the base of the Y strip on the medial aspect of the shin.
3. Lay the tails of the “Y” strip across the shin via therapeutic musculofascial technique.
4. Anchor the ends of the tails with no stretch.
Nonspecific Neck Pain

• Objective: support/rest.
• Clinical Implications:
 Nonspecific neck pain.

 Paraspinal muscle spasm.
 Sprain.
 Postural dysfunctions.

Application
• Measure and cut 2 strips of “I” tape (1 inch).
Anchor the strips of tape at the sub-occipital region, just below the hairline.
Position- Neck in forward flexion- muscles in stretch position.
Apply the two I strips of tape along the paraspinal region up to the mid-thoracic region with
minimal stretch.
• Measure and cut an “I” strip.
• Apply the I strip horizontally across the most painful region with 50% stretch.
• Anchor the ends with no stretch.
-X-X-X-X-X-

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“THERAPEUTIC TAPING”

For common musculoskeletal conditions

Navodaya College of Physiotherapy

Institute of Manual Therapy & Taping

June 11th & 12th- 2024.

Dr. B. Kowshik Reddy., MPT.

Author and Instructor:

Syed Rais A. Rizvi

• Qualification: Master in Physiotherapy- Musculoskeletal & Sports Physiotherapy

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 2

THERAPEUTIC TAPING MANUAL (BASIC)

 The basic/foundation level hands-on workshop will emphasize on introducing the

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 3

I. part-1: Introduction to therapeutic taping 6

II. Part-2: Taping guidelines 12

III. part-3: Athletic/Rigid taping applications 14

IV. part-4: Kinesiological taping 26

V. Part-5: Kinesiological taping techniques 33

b. Therapeutic ligamentous technique

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 4

a. Therapeutic lymphatic drainage technique 35

13. Deltoid application 40

14. Trapezius application 41

15. Lower back application 42

16. Quadriceps application 43

17. Plantarfascitis application 44

18. Tennis Elbow 45

19. Dequiveran's Tenosynovitis 47

20. Taping for Trigger points 48

21. Rhomboids application 48

22. Biceps application 49

23. Hamstrings application 50

24. Pectoralis major application 51

25. Pectoralis minor application 52

26. Shin splint application 53

27. Non specific neck pain 54

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 5

Part-1: INTRODUCTION TO THERAPEUTIC TAPING

What is therapeutic taping?

• Therapeutic taping techniques are techniques that utilize an adhesive tape as a

• Various techniques will be illustrated in this workshop, together with different

• Taping is an essential part of a physiotherapist’s arsenal in the various stages of

• To protect from further injury by supporting ligaments, tendons and muscles.

• To limit unwanted joint movement.

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 6

• Rehabilitative- to treat the injuries/musculoskeletal ailments, by restricting the

• Functional- to help the athlete/patient maintain optimum functional mobility while

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 7

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 8

Rigid Athletic Tape (non-elastic)

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 9

Self Adherent (cohesive) Tape

• Higher table - usually 89 cm (35”) high, dependent on therapist’s height.

• Ankle/foot/leg: project part out from end of table.

• Elbow: seated with hand propped on roll cushion.

Course instructor of IMTT: dr. Syed Rais Rizvi (PT) Page 10

BASIC TAPING TERMS

Rules for Therapeutic Taping