Influence of Social Media On The Performance of Secondary School

IJRESD
International Journal Of Education, Research And Scientific Development

https://www.ijresd.org
Impact Factor: 5.3/DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.3215/ijresd.v1i1
Vol.2 issue 1 May 2023
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN ENUGU EDUCATION ZONE OF ENUGU
STATE.
Dr. Doris Chidi Malu1
Head of Department English Language Education
Peaceland College of Education Enugu, Enugu State
dorismalu@gmail.com
&
Dr. Ngozika Rita Nnamdi-Eze2
Enugu State College of Education Technical Enugu (ESCET)
ngozirita08@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of social media on the performance of
secondary school students in English language in Enugu Education Zone of Enugu State. The study
sample was fifty nine(59) secondary schools, in which twenty three thousand, two hundred and fifty
nine (23,259) were students and one thousand, seven hundred and ninety two (1,792) were teachers.
A four-point Likert type rating questionnaire titled ‘Social Media and Academic Performance of
Students in English Language’ (SMAPOSIEL) was used to collect data from the respondents. The
descriptive survey design was used. Simple random sampling was employed in sampling the
respondents. Frequency and mean (X) were used in the analysis of data. The findings of the study
led to the conclusion that the dominance and addiction on social media are the major causes of poor
performance in English language both in internal and external examinations among secondary
school students of Enugu Education Zone of Enugu State. To this end, the researcher recommended
that social media should be used for academic purposes, social networking sites should be expanded
and new pages should be created to enhance students academic activities, more strict and proper
supervision by all stakeholders should be imbibed, workshops, seminars and public enlightenment
programmes should be launched by the government, parents and teachers should check the sites
their students / wards are always using so as to be guided properly. This is to create a balance
between social media and academic activities of students to avoid setbacks in the academic
performance of the students.
Keywords: Social Media, English Language and Secondary School
Introduction him to engage effectively in all those

English Language is the medium of activities in which literacy is normally
instruction and transmission in our secondary assumed in his culture of group”. English
schools, and higher institutions and also the language normally has four basic skills,
official language of our country Nigeria. namely listening, speaking, reading and
Therefore, secondary school students need an writing. It is the medium of instruction in our
efficient English language in order to schools and compulsory school subject that
perform better and perfectly well. Fema, must be passed at all levels of education in
(2003), as cited in Sa'ad & Usman, (2014), Nigeria (Ochoyi & Danladi, 2008).
was of the view that “a person is functionally Today, however, we are witnessing a trend,
literate when he acquired the knowledge and which is a great cause of concern for all
skills in reading and writing which enables stakeholders in the educational sector across
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the world. The concern is about the promoting interactions among students and
popularity, dominance and influence of teachers, providing greater access to
social media on the academic performance of information and information sources,
students, both of higher and of secondary creating a sense of belonging among users,
education levels. Many recent studies have, reducing barriers to group interaction and
consequently, underlined the positive and communications such as distance and
negative effects of social media on these social/economic status, and increasing the
students. (Shah, Subramanian, Rouis, technological competency levels of frequent
&Limayem, 2012; Miah, Omar & Allison- users, among others (Connolly, 2011; Zwart,
Golding, 2012; Ezeah, Asogwa&Edogor, Lindsay, Henderson & Phillips, 2011;
2013; Yahya, Olalekan, Afolabi, Ahmed &Qazi, 2011); preliminary
&Ayelaagbe 2013). The said influence is investigation and interviews with some
most evident in their use of English language teachers and students have, however,
and their performance in English language revealed a number of challenges in relation to
examinations. student’s participation on social media
Meanwhile, the social media is the fastest networks and the many adverse influences on
growing web application in the 21st century, them. These include a high addiction rate,
a fact attested to by its wide usage and the which affects their time of study, the wrong
wide-ranging consequent influence on the usage of grammar and spelling in social
populace. There is indeed abundant evidence media discourse as well as distractions from
that millions of people across the world use their studies. As stated by Ndaku (2013),
social media on a regular basis for various students spend a lot of time on social
reasons (Daluba& Maxwell, 2013). In fact, networking sites than in their academic
the wide nature of applications like Wikis, activities and this affects their performance.
video streaming and applications, and social Given the foregoing, therefore, this study
networks makes it the phenomenon of the seeks to investigate the influence of social
century. media on the performance of senoir
Though social media use cuts across all age secondary school students in English
groups, studies have, in addition, shown that language using Enugu Education Zone of
it is predominant among young persons Enugu State.
(Onuoha&Saheed, 2011) and/or students Statement of the problem
(Dahlstrom, de Boor, Grunwald, &Vockley, One of the factors that have been
2012; Al-rahmi, Othman & Musa, 2014). In associated with the steady decline in the
fact, Rosen (2011) found that while those quality of Nigerian education system and the
born between 1965-1979 (‘Generation X’), students they produce is the very fact that the
spend approximately 13 hours per day on system had in a recent time being with the
social media, those born between 1990-1999 wide range of educational laxity in the use of
(‘I Generation’) spend not less than 20 hours social media network. This worrisome,
per day on social media. Kalra and Manani uncultured behaviours beside their influence
(2013) pointed out that these young people among students also tends to cut across all
use social media for interaction, socialization strata of the school system both junior, senior
and entertainment. and tertiary. It is now a common knowledge
Thus, while social media, generally, presents that most secondary school students not only
such benefits as encouraging greater social possess Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, etc.,
interaction via electronic mediums, accounts, but also that most of them are now
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addicted to the online crave of the moment The purpose of this study is to assess the
(Oche&Aminu, 2010). With so many social degree to which social media influence the
networking sites displayed on the internet, senior secondary school students in Enugu
many secondary school students are tempted Education Zone of Enugu State. Specifically
to abandon their homework and reading the study intends to:
times in preference for chatting online with 1. Determine how secondary school
friends more than their academics that disrupt students in Enugu Education Zone of
the educational equilibrium in the use of Enugu State are addicted to social
English in our school system and even the network and its influence on their
society at large. Some studies have found a academic performance.
drop in students’ grades and academic 2. Ascertain how the use of social
performance, and lack of time for studies as media positively influence their
consequences of social media network academic performance in their
participation (Banquil et al, 2009; Kirschner English language internal and
and Karpinski, 2010; Ndaku, 2013), which external examinations.
results in their poor performance in both Research Questions
internal and external examinations in the The following research questions guided
English language. In Nigeria secondary the study:
schools today more especially in Enugu 1. How would student’s addictiveness to
Education Zone, there is a serious concern social media network influence their
about the increase in social media network academic performance?
problems such as: wrong spelling, use of 2. How does the use of social media
acronyms, waste of time and energy in chats, influence the academic performance
twitter, facebook etc. For instance, the of the students in Enugu Education
students are used to short forms of writing Zone positively in their English
words in their chat rooms; they forget and use language internal and external
the same in the classrooms. They use things examinations?
like 4 in place of ‘for’, U in place of ‘You’,
D in place of ‘The’, etc. This affects their Concept of Social Media
class assessment and also most of them Social media has emerged as a term
perform badly in English language in schools frequently used (and variously defined) to
for they negatively turns to posting and describe different types of communication
accessing write-ups in distorted grammar and platforms and electronic ways of interacting
both leads to increase in grammatical errors, (Mozee, no date). Kaplan and Haenlein
increase in wrong spellings, high rise of (2010) defined it as a:group of internet-based
spelling distortions/corruption of words, high applications that build on the ideological and
rise in use of slangs and street technological foundations of Web 2.0, allows
expressions.There is need for this distortions the creation and exchange of user generated
and anomalies to be corrected. Based on this content and depend on mobile and Web
foregoing, therefore, this study is designed to based technologies to create highly
investigate the influence of social media interactive platforms through which
network on the performance of secondary individuals and communities share, create,
school students in Enugu Education Zone. discuss and modify user generated content.
They refer to the internet-based social
Purpose of the Study websites like the Facebook, MySpace,
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Twitter, etc. which allow users to than they talk on the phone; and they Twitter
interactively communicate with one another. the night away often sleeping with their cell
Social media can also refer to those “web- phones vibrating by their sides.
based and mobile-based technologies which This clearly indicates that social media is part
are used to turn communication into and parcel of youth life today. Thus, over the
interactive dialogue between organizations, years, scholars have examined how much
communities and individuals time students invest in social media. Lin and
(www.wikipedia). Subrahmanyam,(2007) found that majority of
The media allow users to meet friends, college students in the United States used
exchange ideas, images, audios, videos and social networking sites ( SNSs) at least one
most importantly stay connected. Since hour a day. Ahamed and Qazi (2011) in a
through their inventions, they have become study of six universities in Pakistan, found
increasingly popular in different countries that majority of the students spend 1-3 hours
across the globe. Bryer and Zavatarro (2011) daily on social networking sites. Tham and
see social media as “technologies that Ahmed (2011) in a study conducted at St.
facilitate social interaction, make possible Cloud State University in Minnesota found
collaboration, and enable deliberations across that, while both males and females spent time
stakeholders”. on SNSs, the said time however, decreased as
Anjugu (2013) describes social media as “a the age of the respondents increased and the
group of internet-based applications that results revealed that female college students
allow the creation and exchange of users spent more time on SNSs than male students.
generated content”, while Ezeahet al (2013) Jagero and Muriithi (2013) in the context of
defines it as “modern interactive students in private universities in Dar Es
communication channels through which Salaam, Tanzania, found that a majority of
people connect to one another, share ideas, the students spend 30 minutes to one hour
experiences, pictures, messages and daily on social networking sites.
information of common interest”.
Students Addictiveness to Social Media: Influence of social media network on
Rosen (2011), cited in Kirschner and students’ academic performance in
Karpinski (2010, p. 4) declared as follows general and on their performance in
about the modern generation of young English language in particular:
people: Welcome to the Net Generation. It is generally agreed that social media has
Born in the 1980s and 1990s, they spend their both positive and negative effects on the
days immersed in a “media diet” academic performance of students across the
accumulating a fulltime job plus overtime world. In fact, many researchers today are
devouring entertainment, communication, working to explore the correlation between
and every form of electronic media. They are social networking sites and academic
master multitaskers, social networkers, performance. The advent of the social media
electronic communicators and the first to has made the erstwhile impossible become
rush to any new technology. They were born possible, as one can conveniently
surrounded by technology and with every communicate with anyone at any time
passing year add more tools to their irrespective of geographical barriers and
electronic repertoire. They live in social distance. Umekachikelu (2013) has
networks such as Facebook, MySpace, and expressed that “it is amazing that with a click
Second Life gathering friends; they text more one passes information to thousands of
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people in a second.”This is the power of and even complex functions in order to do so.
social media. It has made business, politics Thus, students use social networking sites to
and social life effortless and easy. This is interact with their peers and even teachers
further accelerated by the fact that these about class-related subjects.
social media sites are accessible with mobile Informal knowledge and skill: Social
smart phones, anywhere and at any Networking sites can facilitate learning and
time.Before examining the influence of the skill development outside formal learning
social media on the performance of students environments by supporting peer to peer
in English language we outline briefly these learning, skills collaboration and diverse
effects in general. cultural expression. The knowledge and skill
Positive effects: young people are learning through SNSs are
Social media offer great benefits. Ikpe and directly relevant to the ‘participatory web’ in
Olisa (2010) have observed that “social which ‘user generated content is now integral
media are new communication in a rapidly developing online business
technologies… which are used as channels of model that capitalizes on the social networks,
information dissemination to heterogeneous creativity and knowledge of its users; and this
audiences without the constraints of time, means that new business models are expected
space or distance”. With the social media one to emerge.
can conveniently send or receive information Education: Social networking sites help in
to or from anyone and at any time irrespective schools and universities programmes. Such
of geographical barriers. Soola (2008:87) social networking sites for example, blogs
described the new media (social media) as help to leverage or complement formal
communication technologies with educational activities and enhancing
“impressive array of sophistication, outcomes. SNSs are also used to extend
increasing efficiency, reliability, speed, opportunities for formal learning across
accuracy, cheapness, portability and ubiquity geographical contexts. Thus, social media
made possible by microprocessors”. can enhance the interactions of marginalized
Young (2006) in a study titled “the effect of young people with their teacher and increase
internet use and social capital on the their confidence in educational activities.
academic performance of students” observed Individual identity and self-expression:
that the internet expands its reach to Because SNSs are essentially flexible and
teenagers’ school life. Young noted that designed to promote individual
students are more reliant on the internet to customization, they are used to experiment as
access information that is involved in school well as find legitimacy for their political,
life as well as entertainment. The researcher cultural or sexual identity. Social networking
further added that internet, though consumes sites can provide users with a space to work
time, has less effect on studies. Yang (2003) out identity and status, make sense of cultural
notes the effect of social media depends large cues, negotiate public life and increase user’s
on the degree of usage. sense of personal belonging. This sense of
Internet engagement: In a world where personal belonging and identity has been
online engagement is important for Negative effects:
businesses, students are becoming experts at Different researchers have conducted
developing a sense of internet presence. Not research to ascertain the influence of social
only do they know how to interact with others media on users; for example, Moon (2011) in
on the internet, they know how to use basic a study on “impact of facebook on
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undergraduate academic performance”, meant for studies is used on non-academic
averred that: issues like chatting and making friends
(Salvation &Adzharuddin 2014). For
social media have negative impact on instance, the Karpinski research shows that
students. According to the result, the more students who used Facebook had a
students use facebook, the more it affects “significantly” lower grade point average
their academic performance. Similarly, Oye than those who did not use the site. The
(2012) notes that most of the younger majority of the students who use Facebook
students use social networking sites mainly every day are under achieving by an entire
for socializing activities, rather than for grade compared with those who shun the site.
academic purpose. Oye (2012) further Researchers have discovered how students
observed that most of the students do feel that who spend their time accumulating friends,
social networking sites have more positive gossiping and poking others on the site may
impact on their academic performance. In devote as little as one hour a week to their
another study conducted by Shana (2012), it academic work. Karpinski says she isn’t
was revealed that students use social network surprised by her findings but clarifies that the
mainly for making friends and chatting. The study does not suggest that Facebook directly
result showed that only about 26 percent of causes lower grades, merely that there’s some
the students (respondents) indicated that they relationship between the two factors. (cf.
use social media for academic purpose. http://www.timesonline.
Gonzalez (2003) also reported a problem co.uk/tol/news/uk/education/article6078321.
with using online communication: that it ece).
negatively affects the student’s use of Psychological Disorders and Health
language, grammar and spelling. She Problems: It has been discovered that
suggested that online communication often anxiety, depression, poor eating habits, lack
leads to the use of short phrases and of physical exercise; increasingly short
incomplete sentences, and that it often attention spans and subverted higher order
becomes informal conversation that may reasoning skills such as concentration,
negatively impact academic writing. persistence, and analytical reasoning are
Because writing on Social media is different among the common disorders seen in the
from writing in a classroom, students might frequent users of social media and this
not see the connection between the two forms manifest itself more these days because
of writing (academic writing and informal people are more closer to those far away from
writing). They consider writing on Social them but far away to those very close to them.
media as a type of informal writing for It has also been added that a tendency to
communication, not for academic purposes. overestimate one’s ability to multi-task and
Social media has been noted to have some manage projects; and technology being seen
negative effects on students’ academics thus: as a substitute for the analytical reasoning
Displacement Effect on Academic process are tendencies evidenced amongst
Activities: Since majority of students use frequent users of the social media.
social networking sites for socializing Collectively, these play roles in a student’s
purposes, they therefore tend to spend more educational process to various degrees and at
time for socializing rather than learning. various times (Mozee, no date).
Thus, excessive use of SNSs reduces However, amidst all sociological benefits,
student’s academic performance since time social media have regrettably contributed to
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moral degeneration and decadence among Junco et. al. (2011) investigates the
youths in several countries, including impact of Facebook being a social medium
Nigeria. This, no doubt, stems from the gross on students’ performance on academic
obsession with and abuse of these social courses. The research analyzes data from
networking sites. 1839 respondents studying 4 years degrees in
There is evidence that while social media is residential institutes of northeastern USA to
used as means of communication, it can also find trends on frequency of Facebook visits
be used to propagate deviant behavior among and activities, time spent on Facebook, time
young people. Deviant behavior is spent on class preparation and academic
considered to be abnormal or antisocial if it is grades of the students under research.
uncommon or different from the norm and Analysis of the collected data reveals that
does not conform to what society expects time spent on Facebook and frequency of
(Thio, Taylor, & Schwartz 2012). Deviant visiting Facebook are negatively related to
behavior among young people can be students’ performance in terms of their GPA.
attributed to a combination of several However, there is slightly negative
generalized factors (Patchin&Hinduja, correlation between time spent on this widely
2013). used social medium and the time spend in
With Particular Reference to social media use studying for class. He further adds that
and its influence on English language although time spent on social media and
performance, academic performance are negatively
Rouis, Limayem, &Salehi-Sangari (2011) correlated but, this relationship in real world
investigate the effects of using Facebook on scenarios does not seem to be a major hurdle
academic performance of undergraduate in academic success.
students at Lulea University of Technology Research Method
Sweden in relation to their personality traits. The study adopted survey research design.
The proposed research model tests how The study was carried out in Enugu
Facebook usage affects performance of Education Zone.The population of teachers
students with different personality traits. In in Enugu Education Zone is one thousand,
addition the research tries to justify the seven hundred and ninety two (1,792)while
relationship among the three i.e. Facebook the number of students is twenty three
usage, personality traits and academic thousand, two hundred and fifty nine
performance. Their analysis of 239 students’ (23,259), thereby making it a total population
data reveals very significant results. This of twenty five thousand, and fifty one
research establishes that using Facebook has (25,051). The main source of this information
strong negative impact on academic is from the Post Primary School Management
performance of students with extrovert Board (PPSMB) Enugu.Ten (10) secondary
personalities. However, factor of self- schools in Enugu Education Zone were
regulation among students greatly reduces selected through simple random sampling
this negative impact as they have high level from Fifty nine (59) secondary schools in
of effective self-control while using social Enugu Education Zone The instrument used
media platforms. Cognitive absorption, for data collection is a structured
which defines extent of deep involvement, is questionnaire developed by the researcher.
another personality factor taken into The questionnaire was subjected to face
consideration while undertaking this validity and validated by three experts in the
research. field of information and communication
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technology (ICT), measurement and and corrections which helped in modifying
evaluation in Education, and English the questionnaire in order to achieve its
language. The experts were renowned overall objective. The data collected for the
lecturers from Education Faculty and study from the respondents were carefully
supervisors from Godfrey Okoye University. analysed by the researcher using frequencies
The experts made professional suggestions and mean score.
Results
Research question 1: How would student’s addictiveness to social media network influence their
academic performance?
S/N STATEMENT / ITEM SA A D SD TOTAL MEAN DECISION
4 3 2 1 (X)
1. Addiction to online social network 90 60 35 15 200 3.1 Accepted

affects my academic work 360 180 70 15 625
2. I use dictionary to learn good and 9 6 85 100 200 1.6 Rejected
new vocabularies for 3 to 4 hours. 36 18 170 100 324
3. Hours I spent online cannot be 85 97 9 9 200 3.3 Accepted
compared to the number of hours I 340 291 18 9 658
spend reading my books.
4. I use social media to find friends 95 75 20 10 200 3.27 Accepted
online, messaging, and profile 380 225 40 10 655
updates, fun and leisure, watching
movies that will take me up to three
(3) to four ( 4) hours daily.
Grand Mean = 2.9
From table 1 above, it can be seen that responses from items 1, 3, and 4 with the mean score of
3.1, 3.3, and 3.27, were above cut off point of 2.5 and therefore agrees with the statement that
students addictiveness to social media network influence their academic performance. But only
the item 2 with the mean score of 1.6 disagreed with the statement that student’s addictiveness to
social media network does not influence their academic performance in Enugu Education Zone.
Research Question 2: How does the use of social media influence positively the academic
performance of the students in Enugu Education Zone in their English language internal and
external examination?
S/N STATEMENT / ITEM SA A D SD TOTA MEAN DECISION

4 3 2 1 L (X)
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1. Engaging in academic forum 100 60 25 15 200 3.2 Accepted
on yahoo, research gate and
academia.com, increase my 400 180 50 15 645
grade and class performance.
2. I use face book, Wikipedia, and 20 30 60 90 200 1.9 Rejected
other social network for finding
friends, watching movies, fun 80 90 120 90 380
and leisure and it helps me in
my academic performance.
3. I use material got online to 70 90 35 5 200 3.12 Accepted
compliment what I have been
taught in the class during 280 270 70 5 625
examinations.
4. I will not perform well in 75 65 40 20 200 2.9 Accepted
English vocabulary if I stop
online research and 300 195 80 20 595
information.
Grand Mean = 2.8
From table 2 above, it can be seen that responses from 1, 3, and 4 with the mean score of 3.2, 3.12,
and 2.9 were above cut off point of 2.5 and therefore agrees with the statement that the use of
social media has positively influenced the academic performance of the students in Enugu
Education Zone. But only item 2 with the mean score of 1.9, disagreed with the statement that
social media network sites has negative influence on students’ performance in Enugu Education
Zone.
Discussion of Findings positive influence that social media has on

From the research question one, the students academic performance of secondary school
and teachers response were positive, their students of Enugu Education Zone in their
mean responses lies between 3.1 and 3.27 English language internal and external
which were above the mean benchmark of 2.5 examinations lie between 3.2 and 2.9 which
indicating that the students and teachers are above the mean benchmark of 2.5. It
agreed that social media affects the means that the students and teachers agrees
secondary school students performance in that social media has positively contributed
Enugu Education Zone. It is also in in the mass success of students in English
consonance with observation of (Cao & language internal and external examination in
Hong, and Dahlstrom) that integrating social Enugu Education Zone. The findings also
media for both entertainment and learning is agree with the findings made by (Leask,
common among students in higher level of 2004)“The value of interactive social media
education. College students use various technologies in high institutions of learning is
social media applications to the extent that it now recognized in the way that teaching and
is now an indispensable part of their everyday learning strategies is in an increasingly
life for personal and learning purposes (Cao globalized process”.
& Hong, 2011; Dahlstrom, 2012). Conclusion
In research question two, the mean The findings of this study and earlier ones
response of the students and teachers on the showed some notable result that will be used
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in a well-articulated programme of creating
awareness to help improve the condition and Anjugu, J. N. (2017), Impact of social media
restore sanity among the students in their on student’s academic performance (a study
incessant use of social media network so as of
for them to acquire the right type of education students of University of
and the use of correct English since Nigeria Abuja).Unpublished research project
has chosen it (English) as a second language. submitted to the Department of Mass
The first independent variable influencing the Communication, Faculty of
academic performance of students, that is, Management and Social Sciences,
social media participation was negatively Caritas University, Amorji – Nike,
related with students outcome while the other Enugu, Nigeria.
independent variable were positively related
with students outcome. Asemah, E.S. (2018), Selected mass media
Recommendations themes, Jos: Great Future Press.
By this study, it is recommended that;
1. More strict and meticulous Asemah, E.S and Edegoh, L.O.N. (2018),
supervision and examining procedure Social media and insecurity in Nigeria: a
should be adopted in the teaching and critical
learning of English to check student’s appraisal, Being a paper presented at
activities during lectures. the 15th National Conference of
2. Public enlightenment programmes African Council for Communication
should be launched by the Education, Minna, Nigeria.
government and various stockholders
and school administrators to reach out Banquil K, Chuna N.A, Leano G,A, Rivero
to both urban and rural students on the M.A, Burce C.A, Dianalan S.N, Matienzo
effect that these unchecked and A.R, and
excess use of social media has on Timog N,U(2019), Social networking
their person and academics. Such sites affect one’s academic
programmes could be seminars, performance adversely, in
workshops, teaching etc. http://www.ust.edu.ph.
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Influence of Social Media On The Performance of Secondary School

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Influence of Social Media On The Performance of Secondary School

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IJRESD

International Journal Of Education, Research And Scientific Development

Introduction him to engage effectively in all those

1. Addiction to online social network 90 60 35 15 200 3.1 Accepted

S/N STATEMENT / ITEM SA A D SD TOTA MEAN DECISION

Discussion of Findings positive influence that social media has on

Oye, N. (2017), Students’ perception of Yahya, O. S. A, Olalekan, S., Afolabi, A. A.,

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