Introduction

There are approximately 200 nations across the globe, and each
nation possesses its unique framework for achieving the
fundamental objectives of a healthcare system. Due to the wide
array of these approaches, it may seem as though every country
adopts an entirely distinct method of delivering healthcare.
However, healthcare systems adhere to only a limited number of
diverse models. There are four main types of healthcare systems
and the objective of this report is to delve into the main concept
of these systems as well as the history, advantages and
disadvantages that are associated with each of them.
 The Types of Health Care Systems

Each Healthcare system varies depending on their funding

source and the level of government involvement. Healthcare
facilities can be owned by the government or privately owned by
organizations such as corporations or nonprofits. Publicly
funded systems are financed through taxes, while privately
funded systems rely on individual contributions to a shared fund,
such as an insurance company.
There are four main types of healthcare systems/models, these
are:
1. The Beveridge model
2. The Bismarck model
3. The National health insurance model
4. The Uninsured model.
The Beveridge Model

Brief Overview
The Beveridge model is a healthcare system where the government
offers healthcare to all citizens through income tax payments. The
concept of health as a fundamental human right is central to the
Beveridge model. While the model has its unique policies, many
countries adopt a variation of this model referred to as a universal
healthcare system.

History
The Beveridge model of healthcare, which was named after the
renowned British economist and social reformer William Beveridge, was
established in 1948. It was Beveridge's visionary ideas that paved the
way for the creation of the National Health Services (NHS) in Great
Britain. Under this system, the government takes responsibility for
providing and funding healthcare services through tax contributions,
similar to how the police force or public library are financed.
In this system, the government owns most hospitals and clinics, and
some doctors and healthcare professionals work for the government.
However, there are also private institutions that would receive their fees
from the government. The government ensures universal coverage by
granting all citizens access to healthcare services and individuals are
able to access services without any financial burden at the point of
service. The expenses incurred for their health care are covered by the
patients' contributions to taxes.
While the model originated in the United Kingdom, it has since been
adopted in various regions across Northern Europe and beyond
Advantages of the Beveridge Model
Some advantages of this model/system can include:
1. Health care services are available to all citizens through a
comprehensive plan.
2. The government ensures the quality of health care services,
which can be beneficial if they keep costs low.
3. Citizens are not required to pay for medical bills or
copayments.

Disadvantages of the Beveridge Model

Some disadvantages can include:
1. All citizens will be required to pay increased taxes,
regardless of whether they utilize healthcare services or
not.
2. The government holds the responsibility for ensuring the
quality of healthcare services, but it can be detrimental if
they limit the services available to patients.
3. Waiting lists may become lengthy, particularly for
individuals with non-urgent conditions.
The Beveridge Model

Brief Overview
The Beveridge model is a healthcare system where the government
offers healthcare to all citizens through income tax payments. The
concept of health as a fundamental human right is central to the
Beveridge model. While the model has its unique policies, many
countries adopt a variation of this model referred to as a universal
healthcare system.

History
The Beveridge model of healthcare, which was named after the
renowned British economist and social reformer William Beveridge, was
established in 1948. It was Beveridge's visionary ideas that paved the
way for the creation of the National Health Services (NHS) in Great
Britain. Under this system, the government takes responsibility for
providing and funding healthcare services through tax contributions,
similar to how the police force or public library are financed.
In this system, the government owns most hospitals and clinics, and
some doctors and healthcare professionals work for the government.
However, there are also private institutions that would receive their fees
from the government. The government ensures universal coverage by
granting all citizens access to healthcare services and individuals are
able to access services without any financial burden at the point of
service. The expenses incurred for their health care are covered by the
patients' contributions to taxes.
While the model originated in the United Kingdom, it has since been
adopted in various regions across Northern Europe and beyond
Advantages of the Beveridge Model
Some advantages of this model/system can include:
4. Health care services are available to all citizens through a
comprehensive plan.
5. The government ensures the quality of health care services,
which can be beneficial if they keep costs low.
6. Citizens are not required to pay for medical bills or
copayments.

Disadvantages of the Beveridge Model

Some disadvantages can include:
4. All citizens will be required to pay increased taxes,
regardless of whether they utilize healthcare services or
not.
5. The government holds the responsibility for ensuring the
quality of healthcare services, but it can be detrimental if
they limit the services available to patients.
6. Waiting lists may become lengthy, particularly for
individuals with non-urgent conditions.
The Bismark Model
Overview
The Bismark model a