MEASURES OF

CENTRAL TENDENCY
(GROUPED)
Prepared by: Mr. Renz A. Tapinit
 OBJECTIVES
✓Define and differentiate each measures of central
tendency for grouped data.
✓Calculate each measures of central tendency for a given
set of grouped data; and
✓Interpret the measures of central tendency of grouped
data in the context of a real-world problem.
 Frequency
Distribution Table
 Frequency Distribution Table

A frequency distribution table is a collection of

observations produced by sorting them into
classes and showing their frequency (or
numbers) of occurrence in each class.
 Procedure Table
Step 1: Solve for the range.
𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
Step 2: Compute for the class interval (number of rows or classes).
𝐶𝐼 = 𝑛 (answers must be round off)
Step 3: Calculate the class size (length of class limits)
𝑅
𝐶= (answers must be round up)
𝐶𝐼

Step 4: Make the table as shown

A B C D E F G H I J
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 Boundaries Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
𝐶𝐵 Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹
Illustrative Example 1:
When 40 students were surveyed at Valenzuela City,
they reported the distance they drove to the school and
the results (in km.) are given below:

2 8 1 5 9 5 14 10
15 4 10 6 5 5 1 8
25 40 31 24 20 20 3 9
25 8 1 1 16 23 18 25
31 20 12 10 15 15 21 12
Illustrative Example 1: Solutions
Range: 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑅 = 40 − 1 = 39

Class Interval: 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑛
𝐶𝐼 = 40 = 6.3245553202267 𝑜𝑟 6

𝑅
Class Size: 𝐶 =
𝐶𝐼
39
𝐶= = 6.5 𝑜𝑟 7
6
 F G H I J
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Boundaries Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 𝐶𝐵 Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

IIIIII
1-7 12 4 0.5 – 7.5 12 40 30% 30% 100%
IIIIII
IIIIII
8 – 14 IIIII 11 11 7.5 – 14.5 23 28 27.5% 57.5% 70%

IIIIII
15 – 21 9 18 14.5 – 21.5 32 17 22.5% 80% 42.5%
III

22 – 28 IIIII 5 25 21.5 – 28.5 37 8 12.5% 92.5% 20%

29 – 35 II 2 32 28.5 – 35.5 39 3 5% 97.5% 7.5%

36 – 42 I 1 39 35.5 – 42.5 40 1 2.5% 100% 2.5%

 F G H I J
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Boundaries Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 𝐶𝐵 Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

IIIIIIII
1–7 12 4 0.5 – 7.5 12 40 30% 30% 100%
IIII
IIIIIIII
8 – 14 11 11 7.5 – 14.5 23 28 27.5% 57.5% 70%
III
IIIIIIII
15 – 21 9 18 14.5 – 21.5 32 17 22.5% 80% 42.5%
I

22 – 28 IIIII 5 25 21.5 – 28.5 37 8 12.5% 92.5% 20%

29 – 35 II 2 32 28.5 – 35.5 39 3 5% 97.5% 7.5%

36 – 42 I 1 39 35.5 – 42.5 40 1 2.5% 100% 2.5%

Illustrative Example 2:
Suppose a researcher wish to do a study on the average monthly
salary of call center agents of selected call center companies. The
researcher first would have to collect the data by asking each call
center agents about their average monthly salary. In this case, the
data are
18.80 14.10 23.40 27.00 27.90
22.75 23.70 24.10 30.20 29.50
17.95 21.80 23.50 27.80 32.81
20.20 21.75 23.70 32.70 31.00
Illustrative Example 2: Solutions
Range: 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚

Class Interval: 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑛 (answers must be round off)

𝑅
Class Size: 𝐶 = (answers must be round up to two
𝐶𝐼
decimal places)
Illustrative Example 2: Solutions
Range: 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑅 = 32.81 − 14.10 = 18.71

Class Interval: 𝐶𝐼 = 20
𝐶𝐼 = 20 = 4.4721359549995 𝑜𝑟 4

𝑅
Class Size: 𝐶 =
𝐶𝐼
18.71
𝐶= = 4.6775 𝑜𝑟 4.68
4
 Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Boundaries Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 𝐶𝐵 Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

14.10 – 18.77 II 2 16.435 14.095 – 18.775 2 20 10% 10% 100%

18.78 – 23.45 IIIIII 6 21.115 18.775 – 23.455 8 18 30% 40% 90%

23.46 – 28.13 IIIIII 25.795 15 12 35% 60%

7 23.455 – 28.135 75%
I

28.14 – 32.81 IIIII 5 30.475 28.135 – 32.815 20 5 25% 100% 25%

 Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Boundaries Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 𝐶𝐵 Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

14.10 – 18.77 II 2 16.435 14.095 – 18.775 2 20 10% 10% 100%

18.78 – 23.45 IIIIII 6 21.115 18.775 – 23.455 8 18 30% 40% 90%

23.46 – 28.13 IIIIIII 7 25.795 23.455 – 28.135 15 12 35% 75% 60%

28.14 – 32.81 IIIII 5 30.475 28.135 – 32.815 20 5 25% 100% 25%

Activity #2:
A. SJS Travel Agency, a nationwide local travel agency, offers
special rates on summer period. The owner wants additional
information on the ages of those people taking travel tours. A
random sample of 25 customers taking travel tours last summer
revealed. Construct a frequency distribution table.
18 29 42 57 61
25 34 45 58 66
24 36 46 60 66
38 32 29 48 53
26 48 35 27 39
Illustrative Example 3:
A sociologist conducted a survey of 20 adults. She wants to
report the frequency distribution of the ages of the survey
respondents. The respondents were the following ages in
years:

52 34 32 29 53
40 46 54 36 36
24 17 45 20 28
29 38 33 49 37
Illustrative Example 3: Solutions
Range: 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚
𝑅 = 54 − 17 = 37

Class Interval: 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑛
𝐶𝐼 = 20 = 4.4721359549995 𝑜𝑟 4

𝑅
Class Size: 𝐶 =
𝐶𝐼
37
𝐶= = 9.25 𝑜𝑟 10
4
 F G H I J
Class Limits Tally Frequency Class Mark Class Boundaries Less than Greater than Relative Less than Greater than
𝑓 𝑋𝑚 𝐶𝐵 Cumulative Cumulative Frequency Relative Relative
Frequency Frequency (%) Cumulative Cumulative
< 𝑐𝑓 > 𝑐𝑓 𝑅𝐹% Frequency Frequency
< 𝑅𝐶𝐹 > 𝑅𝐶𝐹

17 – 26 III 3 21.5 16.5 – 26.5 3 20 15% 15% 100%

27 – 36 IIIIIIII 8 31.5 26.5 – 36.5 11 17 40% 55% 85%

37 – 46 IIIII 5 41.5 36.5 – 46.5 16 9 25% 80% 45%

47 – 56 IIII 4 51.5 46.5 – 56.5 20 4 20% 100% 20%

Activity #1:
B. In a study of 25 women, the following data of blood potassium
levels in mill equivalents per liter were obtained. Construct a
frequency distribution table.

3.2 5.3 6.0 4.5 2.7

4.9 4.6 4.7 5.0 4.0
3.8 5.1 4.3 4.4 4.2
3.6 5.3 4.2 5.8 4.5
3.4 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.9
Mean for Grouped
Data
Procedure Table
Step 1: Make a table as shown.

A B C D
Class Frequency 𝒇 Class Mark 𝑿𝒎 𝒇 ∙ 𝑿𝒎

Step 2: Find the midpoints of each class and place them in column C.
Step 3: Multiply the frequency by the class mark for each class, and place the
product in column D.
Step 4: Find the sum of column D.
Step 5: Divide the sum obtained in column D by the sum of the frequencies
obtained in column B.
 Mean Formula

𝜮𝒇 ∙ 𝑿𝒎
ഥ=
𝒙
𝒏

Note: The symbol 𝛴𝑓 ∙ 𝑋𝑚 mean to find the sum of the product of the
frequency 𝑓 and the class mark (𝑋𝑚 ) for each class.
Illustrative Example:
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the mean.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210
Illustrative Example: Solutions
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the mean.
Class Frequency (no. Class Mark
𝒇 ∙ 𝑿𝒎
(score) of students) (𝑿𝒎 )
40 – 49 8 44.5 356
50 – 59 23 54.5 1253.5
60 – 69 42 64.5 2709
70 – 79 62 74.5 4619
80 – 89 58 84.5 4901
90 – 99 17 94.5 1606.5
n = 210 15445
Illustrative Example: Solutions
By using formula:
𝛴𝑓 ∙ 𝑋𝑚
𝑥ҧ =
𝑛
15445
𝑥ҧ =
210

𝑥ҧ = 73.54761905 𝑜𝑟 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟓
Median for Grouped
Data
Procedure Table
𝑛
Step 1: Calculate , where n is the number of observation.
2

Step 2: Construct the less than cumulative frequency distribution. (< 𝐶𝐹𝐷)
Step 3: Starting from the top, locate the value of < 𝐶𝐹𝐷 column that is
𝑛
greater than or equal to for the first time. The class interval
2

corresponding to that value is the median class.

Step 4: Approximate the median using the formula.
 Median Formula

𝑛
−< 𝐶𝐹𝑀𝑑−1
𝑥෤ = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑑 + 𝐶( 2 )
𝑓𝑀𝑑
Where:
𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑑 lower class boundary of the median class
𝐶 class size
𝑛 number of observations
𝐶𝐹𝑀𝑑−1 less than cumulative frequency preceding the median class
𝑓𝑀𝑑 frequency of median class
Illustrative Example:
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the median.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210
Illustrative Example: Solutions
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the median.
Frequency (no. Class
Class (score) < 𝑪𝑭
of students) Boundaries
40 – 49 8 8 39.5 – 49.5
50 – 59 23 31 49.5 – 59.5
60 – 69 42 73 59.5 – 69.5
70 – 79 62 135 69.5 – 79.5
80 – 89 58 193 79.5 – 89.5
90 – 99 17 210 89.5 – 99.5
n = 210
Illustrative Example: Solutions
𝑛 210
Median Class: = = 105 or 105th scores
2 2

Frequency (no. Class

Class (score) < 𝑪𝑭
of students) Boundaries
40 – 49 8 8 39.5 – 49.5
50 – 59 23 31 49.5 – 59.5
60 – 69 42 73 59.5 – 69.5
Median Class 70 – 79 62 135 69.5 – 79.5
80 – 89 58 193 79.5 – 89.5
90 – 99 17 210 89.5 – 99.5
n = 210
Illustrative Example: Solutions
By using the formula:
𝑛
−< 𝐶𝐹𝑀𝑑−1
𝑥෤ = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑑 + 𝐶( 2 )
𝑓𝑀𝑑

210
− 73
𝑥෤ = 69.5 + 10( 2 )
62

𝑥෤ = 74.66129032 or 𝟕𝟒. 𝟔𝟔
Mode for Grouped
Data
Procedure Table

Step 1: Locate the modal class. For frequency distributions with equal
class size, the modal class is the class interval with the highest
frequency.
Step 2: Approximate the mode.
 Mode Formula

𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
Where:
𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 lower class boundary of the modal class
𝐶 class size
𝑓𝑀𝑜 frequency of the modal class
𝑓1 frequency of the class preceding the modal class
𝑓2 frequency of the class following the modal class
Illustrative Example:
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the mode.
Class (score) Frequency (no. of students)
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 23
60 – 69 42
70 – 79 62
80 – 89 58
90 – 99 17
n = 210
Illustrative Example:
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the mode.
Frequency (no. of
Class (score) Class Boundaries
students)
40 – 49 8 39.5 – 49.5
50 – 59 23 49.5 – 59.5
60 – 69 42 59.5 – 69.5
70 – 79 62 69.5 – 79.5
80 – 89 58 79.5 – 89.5
90 – 99 17 89.5 – 99.5
n = 210
Illustrative Example:
The table below shows the frequency distribution of
the scores of students in statistics, find the mode.
Frequency (no. of
Class (score) Class Boundaries
students)
40 – 49 8 39.5 – 49.5
50 – 59 23 49.5 – 59.5
60 – 69 42 59.5 – 69.5
Modal Class 70 – 79 62 69.5 – 79.5
80 – 89 58 79.5 – 89.5
90 – 99 17 89.5 – 99.5
n = 210
Illustrative Example: Solutions
By using the formula:
𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2

62 − 42
𝑥ො = 69.5 + 10( )
2(62) − 42 − 58

𝑥ො = 77.8333333333 or 𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟑
Special Cases
 Case #1: First class is the modal
class
Age in Years Number of Patients

5 – 15 23

16 – 26 11

27 – 37 14

38 – 48 15

49 – 59 13
 Case #1: First class is the modal
class
Age in Years Number of Patients 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
5 – 15 23
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2

16 – 26 11 23 − 0
𝑥ො = 4.5 + 11( )
2(23) − 0 − 11
27 – 37 14

38 – 48 15

49 – 59 13
 Case #2: Last class is the modal
class
Age in Years Number of Patients

5 – 15 6

16 – 26 11

27 – 37 14

38 – 48 15

49 – 59 20
 Case #2: Last class is the modal
class
Age in Years Number of Patients 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
5 – 15 6
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2

16 – 26 11 20 − 15
𝑥ො = 48.5 + 11( )
2(20) − 15 − 0
27 – 37 14

38 – 48 15

49 – 59 20
 Case #3: Two or more adjacent classes are the
modal class
Life time
(in hours)
Frequency 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
0 – 19 10

20 – 39 35 61 − 35
𝑥ො = 39.5 + 20( )
2 61 − 35 − 61
40 – 59 61

60 – 79 61

80 – 99 38

100 – 119 29
 Case #3: Two or more adjacent classes are the
modal class
Life time
(in hours)
Frequency 𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1
𝑥ො = 𝐿𝐶𝐵𝑀𝑜 + 𝐶( )
2𝑓𝑀𝑜 − 𝑓1 − 𝑓2
0 – 19 10

20 – 39 35 61 − 61
𝑥ො = 59.5 + 20( )
2 61 − 61 − 38
40 – 59 61

60 – 79 61

80 – 99 38

100 – 119 29
 Case #4: Not adjacent classes are the
modal class
Life time
Frequency
(in hours)
0 – 19 10

20 – 39 61

40 – 59 35
𝑥ො = 3(𝑥)
෤ − 2(𝑥)ҧ
60 – 79 61

80 – 99 38

100 – 119 29
 Case #5: Modal Class doesn’t exist

Life time
Frequency
(in hours)
0 – 19 10

20 – 39 10

40 – 59 10
𝑥ො = 𝑛𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒
60 – 79 10

80 – 99 10

100 – 119 10
 ACTIVITY #3
1. The frequency distribution shows the salaries (in billion pesos)
for a specific year of the top 25 CEOs in the Philippines. Find the
mean, median and mode.
Class (in billion pesos) Frequency
1.6 – 1.9 13
2.0 – 2.3 6
2.4 – 2.7 4
2.8 – 3.1 1
3.2 – 3.5 1
N = 25
 ACTIVITY #3
2. The number of days that children were missing from school due
to sickness in one year was recorded. Estimate the mean, median,
and mode.
Number of days off sick Frequency
1–5 12
6 – 10 11
11 – 15 10
16 – 20 4
21 – 25 3
THANK
YOU