C. Vocabulary: Vocab Topic 3: The Green Movement (P.1)

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C. VOCABULARY
VOCAB TOPIC 3: THE GREEN MOVEMENT (P.1)
A. TOPIC VOCABULARY
B. HOMEWORK
1. ENVIRONMENT
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
• Environment
1. The Nature Serve Network empowers people to sustain____ by making sure everyone has access to the
knowledge of our shared lands and waters.
A. diverse B. bio-diverse C. diversification D. Biodiversity
DIVERSE (A):
BIO-DIVERSE (A):
DIVERSIFICATION (N): => DIVERSIFY (V)
BIODIVERSITY (N):
EMPOWER SB TO V:
SUSTAIN (V):
HAVE ACCESS TO:
2. _____ is very important to life, as no one can live long without it.
A. Clean water B. Fresh water C. Spring water D. Mineral water
CLEAN WATER:
FRESH WATER:
SPRING WATER
MINERAL WATER:
3. Natural ________ of many species are in danger mainly because of farming and deforestation.
A. habitats B. resources C. organism D. Wildlife
HABITAT (N):
RESOURCE (N):
ORGANISM (N):
WILDLIFE (N)
IN DANGER (+ ):
DEFORESTATION:
4. Sperm whales are______, which means they eat meat.

A. herbivores B. carnivores C. omnivores D. Mammals
HERBIVORE (N)
CARNIVORE (N):
OMNIVORE (N):
MAMMAL (N):
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Everyday quote for my beloved students:
“The secret of getting ahead is getting started” – Mark Twain
5. All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a _____ of balance.
A. state B. status C. situation D. Position
STATE (N):
=> IN A _____ STATE + OF:
STATUS (N):
SITUATION (N):
POSITION (N):
6. The weather should have _________ by this evening, shouldn’t it?

A. swept away B. cut off C. cleared up D. died down
* SWEEP AWAY/ ALONG/ UP: to make somebody very interested or involved in something, especially
in a way that makes them forget everything else
* SWEEP STH AWAY: to get rid of something completely
CUT OFF
Ex: We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.
Ex: They were cut off for not paying their phone bill.
CLEAR UP
* (of weather)
Ex: I hope it clears up this afternoon.
*
Ex: I want you to clear all this mess up.
*
Ex: I hope this explanation clears up any confusion.
DIE DOWN: to become gradually less strong, loud, easy to notice, etc.
7. That part of the city is a _______of run-down houses and derelict factories.
A. wildness B. wildlife C. wild D. wilderness
WILDNESS (N): the quality in scenery or land of being in its natural state and not changed by people;
the quality in an animal of behaving in a natural way that has not been controlled or changed by people
WILDLIFE (N):
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WILD (A):
WILDERNESS (N): a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops
because it is difficult to live there; a place that people do not take care of or control
RUN-DOWN (A):
DERELICT (A):
8. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and
how they interact with their environment.
A. Biologist B. Biology C. Biological D. Biologically
BIOLOGIST (N):
BIOLOGY (N):
BIOLOGICAL (A):
BRANCH (N):
ORGANISM (N):
INTERACT (V) + WITH:
9. Do you know the oldest type of _______ energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter?
A. inhabitable B. unsustainable C. sustainable D. Prosperous
INHABITABLE (A):
SUSTAINABLE (A): >< UNSUSTAINABLE (A)
PROPEROUS (A):
DERIVE FROM STH
BIOMASS (N)
10. _________ packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the atmosphere.
A. Renewable B. Non-renewable C. Biodegradable D. Non-biodegradable
RENEWABLE (A):
BIODEGRADABLE (A):
RELEASE (V):
11. With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to ________.
A. prosper B. integrate C. collapse D. sustain
PROSPER (V):
INTEGRATE (V):
COLLAPSE (V):
SUSTAIN (V):
12. Coffee was introduced into the central ______ in the 1840s, and quickly became the most important
cash crop.
A. permafrost B. prairie C. inland D. highlands
PERMAFROST (N):
PRAIRIE (N) /ˈpreəri/:
INLAND (N):
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HIGHLAND (N):
13. There are lots of ___________ mammals such as whales and seals in the sea.
A. aquatic B. marine C. prosperous D. artificial
AQUATIC (A):
MARINE (A):
ARTIFICIAL (A):
14. The whole food _________ is affected by the over-use of chemicals in agriculture.
A. organism B. topsoil C. chain D. biosphere
TOPSOIL (N):
BIOSPHERE (N):
15. ________ is the new trend - you can see new places and help protect the environment.
A. Biomass B. Ecotourism C. Ecology D. Biology
ECOTOURISM (N):
ECOLOGY (N):
16. We are all environmentalists who treasure Mother Nature and desire to __________ with natural
forces.
A. live in harmony B. coexist peacefully
C. take responsibility D. A&B
LIVE IN HARMONY + WITH
COEXIST (V):
TAKE RESPONSIBILY + / BE RESPONSIBLE +
TREASURE (V):
17. An individual is only a tiny grain in the vast sea; it is the masses of people that are the
__________ocean.
A. climatic B. scarce C. artificial D. boundless
CLIMATIC (A):
SCARCE (A):
BOUNDLESS (A):
18. There was a mass _______ of poverty-stricken farmers into the cities.
A. migration B. integrate C. migrate D. integrity
MIGRATION (N):
INTEGRITY (N):
19. Humans, dogs, elephants and dolphins are all ______, but birds, fish and crocodiles are not.
A. herbivores B. organisms C. mammals D. carnivores
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MAMMAL (N):
20. These remote islands are _________ only by birds.

A. inhabited B. migrated C. exploited D. harnessed
INHABIT (V):
EXPLOIT (V):
HARNESS (V):
21. Running a garden center requires special skills, and is also very labor intensive as anyone with
____________ will know.
A. integrity B. agriculture C. forestry D. green fingers
FORESTRY (N):
GREEN FINGERS/THUMB
22. Consistently high temperatures, with no distinct dry season, characterize the _____________ of this
region.
A. climatology B. climate C. climax D. climatic
23. The patient was kept alive by the _____________ heart for nearly two months.
A. prosperous B. inhabitable C. artificial D. ecological
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24. It is the next challenge for those of us who are active in creating a(n)_____________ agriculture
system.
A. sustainable B. uninhabitable C. marine D. boundless
25. The forest has a wide range of healthy-looking ___________ and birds living in some comfort.
A. biosphere B. wildlife C. prairie D. inhabitant
INHABITANT (N):
26. The main source of hydrogen today is natural gas - a polluting and _____________ fossil fuel.
A. renewable B. artificial C. non-renewable D. biodegradable
27. We all have an interest in maintaining the ____________ of the ecosystem.

A. integrity B. topsoil C. permafrost D. biology
28. Thermal conditions in the previous year were strongly associated with grasshopper abundance in this
old field ____________.
A. omnivore B. climax C. migration D. prairie
OMNIVORE (N)
OLD FIELD: land exhausted by cultivation and no longer tilled/ a field that has produced a particular
crop (as alfalfa) for many years
29. To suggest the issue will be solved by piping water from the coast to the ____________ is too
simplistic and fraught with hidden future complications.
A. inland B. topsoil C. biosphere D. environment
BE FRAUGHT WITH SOMETHING: filled with something unpleasant
30. Many of the birds___________ through Washington are on their way to southern South America for
the winter.
A. sustaining B. integrating C. migrating D. inhabiting
31. By the time we got down there the weather had ___________ up a bit and the views looking down
the valleys were fabulous.
A. died B. cleared C. inhabited D. sustained
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in the meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
32. The yellow card came out of the blue and I do not believe there was any warning from the referee.
A. expectedly B. unexpectedly C. clear up D. in a state of balance
OUT OF THE BLUE:
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33. His sister Ann was born two years later and the family was reasonably prosperous with the bakery
business being successful.
A. poor B. unsustainable C. inhabitable D. wealthy
PROPEROUS (A):
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in the meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
34. The wind will gradually die down in the evening.
A. became stronger B. weaken C. prosperous D. clear up
DIE DOWN:
35. Communication barriers are increasingly common in healthcare today as the population becomes more
culturally diverse.
A. different B. distinctive D. similar D. renewable
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A. TOPIC VOCABULARY
I. VOCABULARY
STT Word Meaning Illustration Example
2. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Catastrophe (n) Early warnings of rising water levels
Tai ương, tai họa
/kəˈtæstrəfi/ prevented another major catastrophe.
1 - catastrophic The crash was due to a
(adj) - tai ương, thảm khốc catastrophic error by
/ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk/ the helicopter pilot.
Exhaustion (n)
Sự cạn kiệt, mệt mỏi Her face was grey with exhaustion.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/
- exhaust (v) The car was fitted with a catalytic
- làm cạn kiệt
/ɪɡˈzɔːst/ converter to meet exhaust regulations.
2
- exhaustive
This list is not intended to be
(adj) - thấu đáo, toàn diện
exhaustive.
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪv/
- exhausting (a) - làm cho người khác I find her exhausting—she never stops
/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪŋ/ thấy kiệt sức, mệt mỏi talking.
The conifer habitat where they breed
Deforestation
has suffered extensive deforestation in
(n) Sự phá rừng
Washington during the past sixty
/ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/
years.
- reforestation They cut down the trees without any
(n) - sự trồng lại rừng regard for fresh shoots or
3 /ˌriːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ reforestation.
- afforestation
Protecting forests and afforestation
(n) - sự trồng rừng
will be a permanent solution.
/əfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/
Shanghai is becoming greener as the
- forestation (n) - sự trồng cây gây
municipality places greater stress on
/ˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃən/ rừng
forestation every year.
Degradation (n) Sự mất giá, sự suy We all want to see recycling and an
4
/ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən/ thoái end to environmental degradation.
Wind and water erosion remove the

Erosion (n)
Sự xói mòn most valuable part of the soil, the
/ɪˈrəʊʒn/
5 organic-rich upper horizon.
- erode (v) The cliff face has been steadily eroded
- xói mòn
/ɪˈrəʊd/ by the sea.
During climate extremes, whether
Drought (n)
6 Hạn hán droughts or flooding rains, those on
/draʊt/
the land feel it most.
95
- The whole town flooded when the
Flood (v,n) - làm ngập lụt river burst its banks.
7
/flʌd/ - lũ lụt - After the flood it took weeks for
the water level to go down.
Hurricane (n) The state of Florida was hit by a
8 Bão
/'hʌrikən/ hurricane that did serious damage.
Drown (v) He drowns in the muddy water in the

9 Chết đuối
/draʊn/ road in front of their house.
Famine (n) Drought resulted in famine throughout

10 Nạn đói kém
/ˈfamɪn/ the region
Người bị thương/
Police said the casualty figures would
Casualty (n) tử vong, nạn nhân
11 have been much higher if they had not
/ˈkaʒjʊəlti/ (chiến tranh, tai nạn,
acted on the phone warning.
etc)
The board does say that there is still a
Radiation (n) Chất/ need for further research into other
12
/reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ tia phóng xạ concerns over the safety of microwave
radiation.
Collapse (v) The structure collapsed in a cloud of
13 Sụp đổ
/kəˈlaps/ dust and debris.
Destroy (v) Some of the habitat has already been
Huỷ diệt, phá huỷ
/di'strɔi/ totally destroyed.
- destructive
The war demonstrated the destructive
14 (adj) Tàn phá
power of modern weapons.
/dɪˈstrʌktɪv/
- destruction (n) The environmental destruction caused
Sự phá huỷ
/dɪˈstrʌkʃn/ by road building.
Pollute (v) The river has been polluted with toxic
Gây ô nhiễm
/pəˈluːt/ waste from local factories.
- (un)polluted The largest effect was on the poor
(adj) Bị ô nhiễm population who were drinking polluted
/pəˈluː.tɪd/ water.
15 Sulphur dioxide is one of several
- pollutant (n) pollutants that are released into the
Chất gây ô nhiễm
/pəˈluːtənt/ atmosphere by coal-fired power
stations.
- pollution (n) Environmentalists say there is a high
Sự ô nhiễm
/pəˈluːʃn/ risk of pollution from the landfill site.
The numbers of these animals have
Extinct (v)
Tuyệt chủng been falling steadily and they are now
/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
16 almost extinct.
Extinction (n) The mountain gorilla is on the verge of
Sự tuyệt chủng
/ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ extinction.
96
Evaporate (v) The sun is constantly evaporating the
- làm bay hơi, bốc hơi
/ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ earth's moisture.
17
- evaporation (n) Snow cover prevents evaporation of
Sự bay hơi, bốc hơi
/ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/ water from the soil.
In this world there is
Danger (n)
Sự nguy hiểm always danger for those who are
/ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/
afraid of it.
- endanger (v) The health of our children is being
Gây nguy hiểm
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ endangered by exhaust fumes.
18
- endangered (a) The sea turtle is an endangered
Nguy cấp
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd/ species.
His parents won't let him play ice
- dangerous (a)
Nguy hiểm hockey because they think it's too
/ˈdeɪn.dʒər.əs/
dangerous.
The River Croal was an open sewer
Stink (v)
19 Bốc mùi and the middens stank all through the
/stɪŋk/
year.
Animals are at their most vulnerable
Vulnerable (a)
20 Dễ bị tổn thương when searching for food for their
/ˈvʌlnərəbl/
young.
Disastrous (adj) The church was rebuilt after a
Thảm khốc
/dɪˈzɑːstrəs/ disastrous fire in 1824.
21
- disaster (n) Such environmental disasters will
- thảm họa
/dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ become increasingly frequent.
Since yours were newly planted, they
Susceptible (adj) Dễ mắc phải, dễ bị
22 were likely more susceptible to the
/səˈsɛptɪbəl/ tổn thương
cold.
Scarce (adj) Skilled workers were becoming
Khan hiếm
/skeəs/ increasingly scarce.
23
Scarcity (n) There is a great scarcity of food in the
Sự khan hiếm
/ˈskeəsəti/ drought-stricken areas.
Greenhouse Scientists predict that this increase
24 effect Hiệu ứng nhà kính may enhance the greenhouse effect
(n phr) making the planet warmer.
A new study shows the apparent mass
Mass extinction Tuyệt chủng hàng extinction was due instead to a
25
(nphr) loạt combination of climate change,
habitat loss as well as human impact.
Destruction of the ozone layer results
Ozone layer in an increase in the amount of
26 Tầng ozon
(nphr) harmful radiation reaching the Earth's
surface.
‘Due to the impact of climate change,
Climate change
27 Biến đổi khí hậu minimum temperatures have shot up
(nphr)
two degrees in just a hundred years.’
‘They outline the severe effects of
Global warming Hiện tượng ấm lên
28 global warming and the speed of
(nphr) toàn cầu
climate change.’
97
‘Nitrogen and sulphur emissions cause
29 Acid rain (nphr) Mưa Axit acid rain which can wipe out
populations of fish.’
‘The Antarctic ice cap began to form
30 Ice cap (nphr) Chỏm băng, mũ băng much later than the valleys did, about
34 million years ago.’
The Titanic met her fate by crashing
31 Iceberg (n) Tảng băng trôi
into a huge iceberg.
‘The second most prominent and

Fossil fuel
32 Nhiên liệu hóa thạch naturally most abundant fossil fuel is
(nphr)
coal.’
Collocation
At risk of/
Có nguy cơ, gặp nguy Their children are also at high risk of
33 from = in danger
hiểm developing the disease.
of
Die of/
Die from - Chết vì bệnh gì
Die out = - Tuyệt chủng The wild population of koalas is in
34
become extinct - Nhỏ dần, tắt dần danger of dying out.
Die away - Nhỏ lại, bé lại
Die down
The show was on the verge of being
35 On the verge of Trên bờ vực
canceled due to low ratings.
Phrasal verbs
Nhảy ra, mọc lên,
Fast-food restaurants are springing up
36 Spring up xuất hiện bất ngờ và
all over town.
nhanh chóng
Giết hại, hủy diệt Pollution is rapidly killing off plant

37 Kill off
hoàn toàn life.
Idioms
Thiên tai/
sự kiện như lũ lụt,
sấm sét hay động đất
‘Natural calamities are always a
38 An act of God thường xảy ra trong
tragedy and an act of God.’
tự nhiên, và con
người không thể kiểm
soát
Dùng để nói về việc gì ‘Every Thursday morning, come rain
luôn xảy ra hay ai đó or shine, she arrives at the
Come rain or
39 luôn làm gì bất kể Congregational Hall to help keep
shine
thời tiết hay điều kiện about 20 youngsters safe, happy and
khó khăn entertained.’
C. HOMEWORK
98
questions.
2. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
1. Nowadays, we are facing many threats such as_____, pollution global warming and fossil fuel depletion.
A. afforestation B. reforestation C. forestation D. deforestation
2. Opencast coal mining is among the most environmentally_____ activities carried out in Wales.
A. destruction B. destructive C. destructor D. destroy
Teacher’s Note: “opencast” /ˈəʊpənkɑːst/ (adj): lộ thiên (ở gần/trên mặt đất). (trong tiếng anh Mỹ sử
dụng từ “open-pit”)
“Opencast coal mining” = khai thác than lộ thiên/gần mặt đất.
3. Dumping_____ such as detergents, pesticides and other chemicals in lakes, rivers and seas contaminates
our water source.
A. pollution B. pollutants C. polluted D. pollute
Teacher’s Note:
- “detergent” /dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/ (n): a liquid or powder that helps remove dirt, for example from clothes or
dishes = chất tẩy rửa vết bẩn trên quần áo/ bát đĩa. Từ này được sử dụng phổ biến trong ngành giặt giũ
(laundry).
- “contaminate” /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ (v): làm bẩn, làm ô uế, làm nhiễm (bệnh)
4. Some animals go_____ because the climate where they live changes.
A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. dead
Teacher’s Note:
- Collocation “go extinct” = bị tuyệt chủng, dẫn đến tuyệt chủng
- [không có trong bảng từ, GV giải thích kĩ hơn] “extinctive” /iks´tiηktiv/ (adj): tending or serving
to extinguish or make extinct = Để dập tắt; để làm tan vỡ; để làm mất đi; Để làm tuyệt giống/tiêu diệt,
tiêu hủy.
5. The country's entire grain harvest has been hit by a______.
A. iceberg B. famine C. drought D. sewage
6. If you buy souvenirs made from____ animals or plants, you might contribute to making them become
extinct.
A. endangered B. danger C. endanger D. dangerous
7. A nuclear reactor releases____ which is dangerous to the environment
A. radiation B. heat C. exhaustion D. erosion
8. _______rain causes slow but considerable damage to forests, lakes and rivers.
A. Poisonous B. Lethal C. Acid D. Mass
Teacher’s Note:
A. Poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ (adj) = độc hại, có hại
* Phân biệt poisonous và venomous:
+ poisonous: causing death or illness if swallowed or taken into the body = độc hại, có hại
+ venomous: (of a snake, etc.) producing venom = có nọc, tiết ra nọc độc (rắn, bò cạp..)
Venomous còn có nghĩa bóng là nham hiểm, độc địa.
B. lethal = gây chết người
9. The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as_____.
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain
10. The earthquake was a real ________ and destroyed most of the buildings in the city.
A. pollutant B. resource C. catastrophe D. scarcity
11. Sometimes many of the animals on Earth go extinct at the same time. Scientists call this a_____
extinction.
A. huge B. great C. mass D. giant
Teacher’s Note:
Giant (adj) = very large; much larger or more important than similar things usually are
99
Giant (n) = (in stories) a very large strong person who is often cruel and stupid
Huge = extremely large in size or amount; great in degree
Ở đây chọn mass vì collocation “mass extinction”
12. Oil, coal and natural gas are_____ fuels made from decayed material from animals or plants.
A. unleaded B. smokeless C. solid D. fossil
Teacher’s Note:
- decay (v): to be destroyed gradually by natural processes; to destroy something in this way
= (đồ hữu cơ) phân rã, thối rữa; sâu, mục
= suy sụp, sa sút (quốc gia, gia đình)
= Hư nát, đổ nát, mục nát (nhà cửa...)
= Suy nhược (sức khoẻ)
- unleaded (n) /ˌʌnˈledɪd/: petrol that does not contain lead and is therefore less harmful to the
environment = xăng không chứa chì
13. The tiger is_____ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the wing B. on the rocks C. on the verge D. on the ground
Teacher’s Note:
- ON THE WING: đang bay (in flight, or flying), đang di chuyển, đang trong quá trình (in motion;
traveling; active)
Ex: a bird on the wing
Scouts are on the wing in search of a new talent
- ON THE ROCKS:
+ (đồ uống) có đá: If you have an alcoholic drink such as whisky on the rocks, you have it with
ice cubes in it.
+ dự là sẽ gặp trắc trở, sẽ sớm kết thúc: She confided to her mother six months ago that her marriage was
on the rocks.
- ON THE GROUND (idiom): among the general public = trong công chúng
Ex: Their political ideas have a lot of support on the ground.
14. It’s been raining for days and there’s a real danger of ________ if it doesn’t stop soon.
A. floods B. droughts C. hurricances D. erosion
Teacher’s Note:
- “hurricane” (n): a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Ocean
= cuồng phong, bão tố. Dịch theo thuật ngữ khí tượng thì gọi là bão “áp thấp nhiệt đới”
15. It is predicted that over the next few decades many species will die ______ as once fertile areas turn to
desert.
A. of B. out C. from D. away
Teacher’s Note:
- fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ (adj) = phì nhiêu, màu mỡ (đất đai); tốt giống (vật nuôi, nông sản)
- die of/from: chết vì tác nhân nào đó
16. Organizations concerned about the environment seem to have ________ everywhere these days.
A. heated up B. cut off C. killed off D. sprung up
17. Many species of animals are in ______ of extinction.
A. danger B. dangerous C. endanger D. endangered
18. The primary causes of species extinction are habitat _______, commercial exploitation and pollution.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destroyer
Teacher’s Note: “commercial exploitation” = khai thác (có tính) thương mại
19. Climate change could have ________ effects on Earth.
A. unpolluted B. exhaustive C. susceptible D. disastrous
Teacher’s Note:
- exhaustive (adj): including everything possible; very careful or complete = thấu đáo, hoàn chỉnh
100
- susceptible to sth: very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by something = dễ bị ảnh hưởng, dê
bị tổn hại, dễ măc phải (bệnh tật)
20. Snow cover prevents ___________of water from the soil.
A. radiation B. evaporation C. degradation D. afforestation
21. I find her _______________. She never stops talking.
A. destructive B. vulnerable C. exhaustive D. exhausting
22. Severe wind and water __________ of the topsoil added to the degradation of the natural habitats.
A. forestation B. erosion C. famine D. casualty
23. Alcohol is as ___________to health worldwide as smoking and high blood pressure.
A. destructive B. endangered C. susceptible D. scare
24. In Italy and Greece serious food shortages almost produced ____________in 1943-1944.
A. drought B. flood C. famine D. hurricane
25. Treating seriously injured ____________ in extreme cold weather conditions is very difficult.
A. casualties B. pollutants C. degradation D. droughts
26. A stronger greenhouse ___________ will probably warm the oceans and partially melt glaciers and other
ice, increasing sea levels.
A. effect B. danger C. disaster D. destruction
27. The cornflowers which used to sprinkle farmers' fields with blue have been killed _______ as weeds by
herbicides.
A. out B. in C. down D. off
28. This room ___________ so badly we could not stay in it for very long.
A. evaporated B. exhausted C. stunk D. drowned
29. Storms and other natural disasters are just those: natural disasters and not acts _________ God.
A. from B. of C. in D. by
30. Young children are particularly ___________ to the health impact of passive smoking.
A. scare B. vulnerable C. destrcutive D. endangered
101
A. TOPIC VOCABULARY
I. VOCABULARY
3. CAUSES
Emission
Sự phát ra, sự tỏa The government has pledged to clean up
(n)
ra industrial emissions.
/ɪˈmɪʃn/
1
- emit
Sulphur gases were emitted by the
(v) - phát ra, tỏa ra
volcano.
/iˈmɪt/
Exploit They are looking into ways of exploiting
(v) Khai thác the region’s mineral resources more
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ effectively.
- exploitation
Turtles are increasingly threatened by
2 (n) - sự khai thác
human exploitation.
/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/
- over-
- sự khai thác quá The crisis was caused by the over-
exploitation
mức exploitation of fish stocks.
(n)
Herbicide
Farmers sprayed a protected wildflower
3 (n) Thuốc diệt cỏ
meadow with herbicide
/ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/
Pesticide
Pesticides are chemicals which farmers
4 (n) Thuốc trừ sâu
put on their crops to kill harmful insects.
/ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/
Poacher
The measures are designed to protect the
5 (n) Kẻ săn trộm
fish from poachers.
/ˈpəʊtʃə(r)/
Predator
6 (n) Dã thú, kẻ săn mồi Some animals have no natural predators.
/ˈpredətə(r)/
Sewage
Chất thải (nước Sewage should be treated in a proper
7 (n)
cống) disposal system.
/ˈsuːɪdʒ/
Rubbish Rác thải (rác mà He is supporting a campaign to
8 (n) người ta không encourage people to recycle their
/ˈrʌbɪʃ/ cần nữa) rubbish.
Garbage
The canal is full of garbage and bits of
9 (n) Rác, phế liệu
wood.
/ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/
Litter
Please do not leave litter after your
10 (n) Rác vụn
picnic.
/ˈlɪtə(r)/
Captivity
Sự bắt giữ, sự Wild animals do not always breed well in
11 (n)
giam cầm captivity.
/kæpˈtɪvəti/
102
Harness
How can this energy be harnessed
12 (v) Khai thác
effectively for the good of humankind?
/ˈhɑːnɪs/
Exterminate
Fur seals were nearly exterminated a few
13 (v) Triệt tiêu, hủy diệt
years ago.
/ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt/
Exacerbate
Làm trầm trọng The symptoms may be exacerbated by
14 (v)
thêm certain drugs.
/ɪɡˈzæsəbeɪt/
Radioactive Production of radioactive nuclides by
15 (adj) Phóng xạ energetic protons generated from intense
/ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/ laser-plasma interactions.
16
Exhaust fumes Exhaust fumes from cars are poisoning
Khí thải
(nphr) the air of our cities.
17 Industrial/ Rác thải công

The burning of industrial waste is a
household waste nghiệp/
major hazard to human health.
(nphr) gia đình
Collocations & Phrasal verbs
18
Đặt ra mối nguy Nuclear weapons pose a threat
Pose a threat to
hại to everyone.
19
Cause the Gây thiệt hại đến Tree roots can cause damage
damage to sth cái gì to buildings.
20
Give rise to Gây ra His speech gave rise to a bitter argument.
21 It wouldn’t do you any harm to get some

Do harm to Gây hại cho
experience first.
22 Làm nóng lên
Then in the last couple of years, the
(nhiệt độ)/
Heat up sth movement for democracy began to heat
làm nghiêm trọng
up.
hơn (tình huống)
23 Whole villages were wiped out by the
Wipe out Phá hủy hoàn toàn
floods.
24 Hoàn toàn phá A sudden feeling of grief swept all my
Sweep away
huỷ cái gì anger away.
25 Làm nơi nào đó
không thể vào, rời In winter, the town is often cut off by
Cut off
đi hay liên lạc với/ snow.
ngắt kết nối
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C. HOMEWORK
questions.
3. CAUSES
1. Some scientists argue that the historical evidence shows that over time the Earth heats_____ and
cools_____ naturally.
A. up - away B. away - down C. up-down D. down-up
Teacher’s Note:
- “cool down/off” trong context của câu này = hạ nhiệt, làm mát (list từ không có từ này, giáo viên giải
thích kỹ hơn cho HS)
- Từ điển Cambridge: “cool down” (phrasal V) = to continue to exercise gently to prevent injury after you
have done more difficult exercises = thực hiện những bài tập nhẹ giúp tránh bị chấn thương cơ; điều
hòa nhịp tim, nhiệt độ cơ thể và hơi thở.
2. Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures which will reduce
greenhouse gas____.
A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
Teacher’s Note: “furious with (somebody/yourself)” = giận dữ, điên tiết với ai/chính mình
3. Running cars are sending smoke and_____ into the atmosphere, causing the Earth to warm up and
increase its average temperature,
A. herbicide B. smog C. fumes D. sewage
Teacher’s Note: “smog” /smɒɡ/ (n): sương khói = a form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of
smoke and fog, especially in cities.
4. Factories are not allowed to dump their industrial ______ into the sea.
A. litter B. waste C. rubbish D. garbage
Teacher’s Note: household/industrial waste (collocation): rác thải hộ gia đình/ công nghiệp
5. These days it is impossible to open a newspaper without reading about the damage we are____ to the
environment.
A. taking B. doing C. making D. causing
Teacher’s Note:
- cause damage to sth: gây nhiều thiệt hại cho cái gì
- do damage (= to damage sth): làm tổn hại, hư hại, gây thiệt hại (dùng với cách nói gián tiếp hơn)
Ex: She did a damage to it.
The storm did some damage to our house.
6. All fossil fuels are_____ resources that cannot be replaced after use.
A. unlimited B. renewable C. available D. non-renewable
7. Some animals go extinct because they are killed by ________.
A. poachers B. predators C. natural enemies D. all are correct
Teacher’s Note: “natural enemy” = kẻ thù tự nhiên, “thiên địch”
- Natural enemies are organisms that kill, decrease the reproductive potential of, or otherwise reduce the
numbers of another organism. (Thiên địch là những sinh vật giết chết, làm giảm khả năng sinh sản hay
số lượng của sinh vật khác)
- Natural enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents, include predators, parasitoids
và pathogens. (Thiên địch của côn trùng gây hại, hay còn được biết đến với cái tên là tác nhân kiểm soát
sinh học, bao gồm động vật ăn thịt, ký sinh trùng và mầm bệnh)
8. Global warming will __________ a great threat to mankind in years to come.
A. pose B. give rise C. do D. cause
9. In some parts of the world the indigenous population has been completely ______.
A. killed off B. wiped out C. swept away D. sprung up
Teacher’s Note:
- “indigenous” /ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs/ (adj) = native (adj) = (người/ văn hóa) bản địa
104
- Ở Canada, từ “Idigenous” còn được dùng để chỉ những người thổ dân Canada sống ở vùng nguyên sơ
của Canada ngày nay, bao gồm Dân tộc Trước tiên (First Nation), Inuit và Metis [Từ điển Oxford]
10. Renewable resources are ________ so much that they will never be able to recover completely.
A. emitted B. regulated C. exploited D. preserved
11. Due to the flood, our house is _______ from the rest of the town.
A. killed off B. died down C. cut back D. cut off
12. The pollution problems in the town have been ______ by mass tourism in the summer months.
A. developed B. exacerbated C. perpetuated D. stabilized
13. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the _________ of plastic containers.
A. preservation B. inhabitant C. disposal D. exhaustion
Teacher’s Note: the disposal of = sự loại bỏ cái gì
14. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be _______ by installing solar panels.
A. harnessed B. endangered C. exploited D. A&C
15. ________ have been catching salmon to supply the black market.
A. Predators B. Poachers C. Inhabitants D. Pollutants
16. Untreated ________ is being pumped into the sea, from where it pollutes our beaches.
A. sewage B. litter C. rubbish D. garbage
17. The _________ that farmers spray on their crops kill pests, but they can also damage people's health.
A. fumes B. emission C. herbicides D. pesticides
18. They were exposed to ________ fallout during nuclear weapons tests.
A. radioactive B. susceptible C. exhausive D. prosperous
Teacher’s Note:
- [topic environment] “fallout” (n): dangerous radioactive dust that is in the air after a nuclear explosion
= bụi có chứa chất phóng xạ thải ra sau một vụ nổ hạt nhân = bụi/mưa phóng xạ
- “fallout” (n): the bad results of a situation or an action = hệ quả không mong đợi, tác dụng phụ tiêu cực
19. Animals bred in ________ would probably not survive if they were released into the wild.
A. topsoil B. captivity C. wildlife D. organism
20. The more tons of greenhouse gases we all _______, the more we are speeding up the pace of global
warming.
A. exhaust B. reprocess C. emit D. collapse
21. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has _________ many rare species.
A. wiped out B. cut off C. heat up D. sprung up
Teacher’s Note: indiscriminate /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/ (adj): bừa bãi, không phân biệt
- an indiscriminate action is done without thought about what the result may be, especially when it causes
people to be harme
- acting without careful judgement
105
A. TOPIC VOCABULARY
I. VOCABULARY
4. PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT
Conserve Renewable energy resources can help
(v) - bảo tồn conserve fossil fuels and reduce carbon
/kənˈsɜːv/ emissions.
- conservation Through the years they have made
1 (n) Sự bảo tồn significant contributions to species
/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ conservation.
- conservationist
Conservationists are concerned about
(n) - nhà bảo tồn
the future of the northern spotted owl.
/ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst/
Preserve
- giữ gìn, bảo We have taken effective measures
(v)
tồn to preserve our natural resources.
/pri'zɜ:v/
2
Preservation
The aim of the policy is
(n) Sự bảo tồn
the preservation of peace.
/prezə'vei∫nt/
Perpetuate Làm cho bất
Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that
3 (v) diệt, mãi duy
boys are better at science than girls.
/pəˈpetʃueɪt/ trì
Alleviate
(v) Giảm nhẹ The drugs will alleviate the pain.
/əˈliːvieit/
4
- alleviation
Sự làm nhẹ, The alleviation of suffering is
(n)
làm giảm đi a central goal of medicine.
/əˌliːviˈeɪʃn/
Mitigate Measures need to be taken to mitigate
- làm nhẹ, làm
(v) the environmental effects of burning
dịu
/ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ more coal.
5
- mitigation
Sự làm nhẹ, Disaster mitigation is another area
(n)
làm dịu where watershed protection is crucial.
/ˌmɪtɪˈɡeɪʃn/
Reprocess
It can also help companies identify ways
6 (v) Tái xử lí
to reprocess materials.
/riːˈprəʊsɛs/
Reclaim
The company specializes in reclaiming
7 (v) Cải tạo, tái chế
antique wood for use in the home.
/rɪˈkleɪm/
Reuse Waste which cannot be reused or
8 (v) Tái sử dụng recycled will have to disposed of outside
/riːˈjuːz/ of the county.
Recycle
The company recycle all green waste
9 (v) Tái chế
into an excellent garden compost.
/riːˈsʌɪkəl/
106
Stabilize
Doctors stabilized the patient's
(v) Làm ổn định
condition.
/ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/
- stable
- ổn định,
10 (adj) Cattle prices remain stable.
vững chắc
/ˈsteɪbl/
- stability
The country is now enjoying a period of
(n) - sự ổn định
relative stability and prosperity.
/stəˈbɪləti/
11 Replenish Recharge is the amount of water from
Làm đầy lại,
(v) precipitation that replenishes
bổ sung
/rɪˈplɛnɪʃ/ groundwater in storage.
12 Nguyên liệu tự
Biomass Daytime food abundance was expressed
nhiên từ thực
(n) as total dry biomass of insects collected
vật, động vật,
/ˈbʌɪəʊmas/ per day.
sinh khối
13 Water control ties in with fish and wild-
Purification
Sự làm sạch, life preservation, with purification of
(n)
sự tinh chế streams polluted by city sewers and
/pjʊərɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
industrial wastes.
Regulate
Điều hòa, điều
(v) This valve regulates the flow of water.
tiết
/ˈreɡjuleɪt/
14
- regulation We now have rules, regulations and laws
- điều lệ, luật
(n) against racism, and more people are
lệ
/ˌreɡjuˈleɪʃn/ taught not to be racist.
- sự can thiệp,
Interference
sự làm gián They resent foreign interference in the
(n)
đoạn, sự cản internal affairs of their country.
/ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/
trở
15
- interfere
(v) - cản trở, can It’s not the church’s job to interfere in
/ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ thiệp politics.
( + in/ with)
Accelerate
Đẩy nhanh, Exposure to the sun can accelerate the
16 (v)
tăng tốc ageing process.
/əkˈseləreɪt/
17
Bản kế hoạch You should have an action plan in the
Action plan (nphr)
hành động event of a natural disaster.
18
Bằng chứng rõ There is clear evidence of how much
Clear evidence (nphr)
ràng people on the estate need their buses.
Collocations
19
The Government has cut back on defense
Cut back on Giảm
spending.
107
20
Dispose of = get rid They have no way to dispose of the
Loại bỏ, xử lí
of hazardous waste they produce.
21
Quy cho là cái When I won the first contest I entered,
Put it down to sth
gì he put it down to beginner's luck.
22 Đóng góp vào His work contributed substantially to our

Contribute to sth/
cái gì/ knowledge of the disease and how to
doing sth
làm gì treat it.
23 Be suspected of doing Nghi ngờ làm He is suspected of being the mastermind
sth gì behind the bombings.
24 Criticize sb for doing Doctors have criticized the government
Chỉ trích ai vì
sth = reproach sb for for failing to invest enough in the health
đã làm gì
doing sth service.
25
Cam kết làm The government’s pledge to make no
Pledge to do sth
gì deals with terrorists.
26 He was sentenced to 140 hours
To be sentenced to Bị kết án
community service.
27 have/ Nhận trách
take (the) nhiệm về cái gì Will you take responsibility
responsibility for sth/ for arranging the food?
doing
28 Mất/
lose/ The Romans took control of Palestine in
nắm/
take/ 63 B. C. and made Herod the Great king
có kiểm soát
have control (of sth) of Judea.
về cái gì
C. HOMEWORK
questions.
4. PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT
Question 1. The council wants to _____ the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter.
A. preserve B. exacerbate C. mitigate D. interfere
Teacher’s Note: character (n): tính cách, nhân vật, kí tự, etc (xem từ điển Oxford/Cambridge)
Ở trong context của câu này từ “character” mang nghĩa “nét đặc sắc, đặc trưng” của cái gì.
Question 2. _____ energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and
fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power.
A. Alternative B. Solar C. Hydropower D. Electricity
Teacher’s Note: “hydropower (hydroelectricity)” /ˈhaɪdrəʊpaʊə(r)/ (n) = thủy điện
Question 3. One way of cutting down waste is to _______ such things as glass and paper.
A. reuse B. recycle C. regulate D. replenish
Teacher’s Note: phrasal verb “cut something down (to…)/ cut down (on something)”: làm giảm đi (về
kích cỡ, số lượng, khối lượng của cái gì đó
Question 4. There has been a steady rise in the average temperature around the planet over the hundred
years or so, and the majority of scientists put it _____ to human activity.
A. across B. back C. up D. down
108
Question 5. In Singapore, people try to _____ 80% of all waste.
A. reprocess B. reclaim C. recycle D. reuse
Question 6. _____ energy sources include water and wind power.
A. Friendly environmental B. Environmentally friendly
C. Friendly environment D. Environmental friendly
Teacher’s Note: từ không có trong list từ => GV giải thích thêm:
“environmentally friendly/ eco-friendly” (collocation) = thân thiện với môi trường
Question 7. The city council is discussing a detailed_____ plan for maintaining clean beaches and parks.
A. activity B. action C. measure D. approach
Teacher’s Note: “measure” (n) trong context của câu này mang nghĩa “biện pháp” (an official action
that is done in order to achieve a particular aim)
Question 8. With clear _____ his company couldn't deny having dumped a large quantity of toxins into
the sea.
A. evidence B. regulation C. investigation D. alleviation
Teacher’s Note: toxin (n) = a poisonous substance, especially one that is produced by bacteria in plants
and animals: độc tố
Question 9. _______ - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases or enhancing the “sinks" that
accumulate and store these gases.
A. Conservation B. Mitigation C. Purification D. Enhancement
Teacher’s Note: “enhance” (v) = to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of
somebody/something: nâng cao, nâng cấp (chất lượng, giá trị, etc.)
Question 10. Having read the report on how the burning of petrol in cars ____ to climate change, we
decided to sell our car and get a bicycle instead.
A. attributes B. contributes C. causes D. distributes
Teacher’s Note: distribute (v) = to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a
number of people: phân phát, phân tán
Question 11. Because of people's _____ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are
becoming rare.
A. Stability B. preservation C. influence D. interference
Question 12. The solution, they claim, is to _______our consumption of fossil fuels, which produce the
carbon dioxide that drives global warming.
A. cut back on B. dispose of C. contribute to D. lose control of
Question 13. An example of ______ is plant material that produces electricity with steam.
A. biomass B. fossil fuel C. purification D. pathway
Teacher’s Note: pathway (n) = a track that serves as a path: đường mòn, đường nhỏ
Question 14. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store to ______ their
supply.
A. conserve B. emit C. accelerate D. replenish
Question 15. Who can trust such a Government when they ________ to improve the working of the
economy?
A. criticize B. reproach C. pledge D. contribute
Question 16. My sister is an expert on wildlife and its ___________.
A. preserve B. preservation C. conserve D. conservation
Teacher’s Note: phân biệt “preservation” và “conservation”
- “conservation” (n) = the act of conserving especially wildlife, the countryside, old buildings etc: sự bảo
tồn (ex: conservation of the wetlands.)
- “preservation” (n) = the action of preserving or the state or process of being preserved: sự giữ gìn (ex:
the preservation of the nation’s heritage.)
Question 17. He is __________ of being the mastermind behind the bombings.
109
A. disposed B. suspected C. sentenced D. criticized
Question 18. The factories must take the ___________ for their increasing industrial waste.
A. contribution B. control C. responsibility D. evidence
Question 19. Global warming is now _________ the rate of sea level rise, increasing flooding risks to low-
lying communities.
A. accelerating B. polluting C. replenishing D. regulating
Teacher’s Note: low-lying /ˌləʊ ˈlaɪɪŋ/ (adj) = (of land) not high, and usually fairly flat; at a height not
much above sea-level: thấp ở mực nước biển; đồng bằng
Question 20. Water _________ has become a major category of consumer interest, and new household
products address that concern.
A. interference B. purification C. stability D. destruction
Teacher’s Note: address (v) /əˈdres/ = to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are
going to deal with it: chú tâm/đề cập đến, bắt đầu giải quyết (vấn đề gì)
[danh từ “address” còn có phát âm là /ˈædres/ hoặc /əˈdres/]
110
VOCAB TOPIC 4: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (P.1)
A. TOPIC VOCABULARY
I. TEXT BOOK VOCABULARY
They found cheap labor abroad, and
Robotics (n) Khoa học người by the use of robotics and digital
/rəʊˈbɒtɪks/ máy technology blocked the labor
movements as well as lowered wages.
A robot must obey the orders given it
1 - robot (n)
Người máy by human beings except where such
/ˈrəʊbɒt/
orders conflict with the first law.
The lander has a robotic arm that will
- robotic (adj)
Như người máy, dig into the Martian surface to collect
/rəʊˈbɒtɪk/
máy móc samples for analysis
Automatic (adj) My camera has manual and
Tự động
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/ automatic functions.
- automate (v) The entire manufacturing process has
- tự động hóa
/ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ been automated.
Business process automation
2 - automation (n)
- sự tự động provides consistent, measurable and
/ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃn/
repeatable services at lower costs.
- automatically
- một cách tự The heating switches off
(adv)
động automatically.
/ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/
Resurrect (v) làm sống lại, He has succeeded in resurrecting his

3
/ˌrezəˈrekt/ phục hồi career in television.
Activate (v)
Làm hoạt động The smoke activated the fire alarms.
/ˈæktɪveɪt/
4
- activation (n) The activation of several target genes
- sự khởi động
/ˌæktɪˈveɪʃn/ results in two major effects.
Intervene (v) Can thiệp, chen
They intervened to halt the attack.
/ˌɪntəˈviːn/ vào
- intervention (n) Most patients make a recovery
- sự can thiệp
/ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ without further intervention.
5
Further, it has been suggested that the
- interventionist
globalization of the world economy is
(n) - người can thiệp
making interventionist policies less
/ˌɪntəˈvenʃənɪst/
meaningful.
By controlling where and when that
Display (v)
6 Chiếu, trình bày field is applied, the screen can display
/dɪˈspleɪ/
an image.
Software (n) The company has developed its own

7 Phần mềm
/ˈsɔːftwer/ voice-recognition software.
111

C. Vocabulary: Vocab Topic 3: The Green Movement (P.1)

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MSNGOCLAN LANGUAGE ACADEMY - Chuyên luyện thi THCS, THPT, Thi Đại Học, IELTS

See Further. Reach Higher. Shine Brighter

4. Sperm whales are______, which means they eat meat.

6. The weather should have _________ by this evening, shouldn’t it?

Ex: We were cut off in the middle of our conversation.

DERIVE FROM STH

20. These remote islands are _________ only by birds.

27. We all have an interest in maintaining the ____________ of the ecosystem.

BE FRAUGHT WITH SOMETHING: filled with something unpleasant

Wind and water erosion remove the

Drown (v) He drowns in the muddy water in the

Famine (n) Drought resulted in famine throughout

‘The second most prominent and

Giết hại, hủy diệt Pollution is rapidly killing off plant

17 Industrial/ Rác thải công

21 It wouldn’t do you any harm to get some

22 Đóng góp vào His work contributed substantially to our

Resurrect (v) làm sống lại, He has succeeded in resurrecting his

Software (n) The company has developed its own

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