†KvwfW 19 †cÖwÿ‡Z 2023 mv‡ji GBPGmwm cixÿvi

cybwe©b¨vmK…Z cvV¨m~wP

welq: D”PZi MwYZ

cÎ: wØZxq
welq †KvW: 266
 †KvwfW 19 ‡cÖwÿ‡Z 2023 mv‡ji GBPGmwm cixÿvi cybwe©b¨vmK…Z cvV¨m~wP
welq: D”PZi MwYZ cÎ: wØZxq welq †KvW: 266 c~Y© b¤^i: 100 ZË¡xq b¤^i: 75 e¨venvwiK b¤^i: 25
Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
 RwUj msL¨v I Gi R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq:  RwUj msL¨v I Gi R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
(Argand diagram)
1 1g
cvi‡e|
 RwUj msL¨vi ciggvb (gWzjvm) I bwZ
RwUj msL¨v  RwUj msL¨vi ciggvb I bwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
(AvM©y‡g›U)
1 2q
 AbyeÜx RwUj msL¨v e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 AbyeÜx RwUj msL¨v 1 3q
 RwUj msL¨vi ag©vewj cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 RwUj msL¨vi ‡hvM, we‡qvM I ¸‡Yi R¨vwgwZK cÖwZiƒc  RwUj msL¨vi ag© 1 4_©
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 RwUj msL¨vi ‡hvM, we‡qvM I ¸‡Yi R¨vwgwZK
 RwUj msL¨vi eM©g~j, G‡Ki Nbg~j I G‡`i ag© e¨vL¨v 2 5g I 6ô
cÖwZiƒc
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 RwUj msL¨vi eM©g~j, G‡Ki Nbg~j 2 7g I 8g
e¨venvwiK e¨venvwiK
 AvM©Û wP‡Î `yBwU RwUj msL¨vi ‡hvMdj, we‡qvMdj,  AvM©Û wP‡Î `yBwU RwUj msL¨vi ciggvb ZvwjKvi 1b¤^i
¸Ydj I fvMdj wPwýZ K‡i G‡`i ciggvb (gWzjvm) (gWzjvm) I bwZ (AvM©y‡g›U) wbY©q| 2 9g I 10g KvRwU 9g I
I bwZ (AvM©y‡g›U) wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 10g K¬v‡m m¤cbœ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Drcv`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wbY©q  Drcv`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb 1 11Õk
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY mgvavb 1 12Õk
 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY mgvavb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~j-mnM m¤ú©K 1 13Õk
 wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~j-mnM m¤ú©K wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c„_vqK (discriminant) 1 14Õk
 c„_vqK Kx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØNvZ I wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~j 1 15Õk
PZz_© Aa¨vq:  wØNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji cÖK…wZ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb 1 16Õk
 g~j †`Iqv _vK‡j wØNvZ mgxKiY MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØNvZ I wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~j 1 17Õk
eûc`x I  wØNvZ I wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji cÖwZmg ivwki gvb
 eûc`x 1 18Õk
eûc`x wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
mgxKiY  eûc`x Kx Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e I Zvi NvZ wbY©q  wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji mv‡_ mn‡Mi m¤úK© 1 19Õk
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
e¨venvwiK
 wÎNvZ mgxKi‡Yi g~‡ji mv‡_ mn‡Mi m¤úK© wbY©q  †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ mgxKi‡Yi mgvav‡bi Avmbœ gvb 20Õk I ZvwjKvi 2b¤^i
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| (Bisection and Newton-Raphson 2 KvRwU 20Õk I
21Õk
e¨venvwiK methods) 21Õk K¬v‡m
Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
 †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ mgxKi‡Yi mgvav‡bi Avmbœ gvb wbY©q m¤cbœ Ki‡Z
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| n‡e|

 KwbK Kx e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  KwbK

 Dc‡K›`ª (†dvKvm), Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv I wbqvgK †iLv e¨vL¨v  Dc‡K›`ª (†dvKvm), Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv I wbqvgK 1 22Õk
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †iLv
 e„Ë,cive„Ë, Dce„Ë, Awae„Ë wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wewfbœ ai‡bi KwYK (e„Ë,cive„Ë, Awae„Ë) 1 23Õk
 wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ KwbK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ KwbK Dc¯’vcb
 †Kvb‡Ki I Z‡ji †Q` wnmv‡e KwbK e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z  †Kvb‡Ki I Z‡ji †Q`we›`yi mÂvic_B †h 1 24Õk
cvi‡e| KwbK-Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Dc¯’vcb
cive„Ë (Parabola)  g~jwe›`yMvgx cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY
 g~jwe›`yMvgx cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cive„‡Ëi mgxKiY Gi †jLwPÎ 1 25Õk
 cive„‡Ëi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges kxl©we›`y, A¼b
Dc‡K›`ª I wbqvgK‡iLv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cive„‡Ëi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i •`N©¨ Ges
lô Aa¨vq:  cive„‡Ëi Dc‡Kw›`ªK j‡¤^i •`N©¨ Ges Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼ Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbv¼
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e  cive„‡Ëi kxl©we›`y, Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kv‡ÿi 1 26Õk
KwbK  cive„‡Ëi kxl©we›`y, Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kv‡ÿi mgxKiY wbY©q mgxKiY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Dce„‡Ëi cÖwgZ mgxKiY
Dce„Ë (Ellipse)
 Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY Gi
 Dce„‡Ëi cÖwgZ mgxKiY mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1 27Õk
†jLwPÎ A¼b
 Dce„‡Ëi mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ A¼b K‡i Aÿ؇qi mv‡_
 Dc‡K›`ª I wbqvgK‡iLv
†Q`we›`y wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Dce„‡Ëi †jLwP‡Î Dc‡K›`ª (†dvKvm) I wbqvgK‡iLv  Dce„‡Ëi e„n`vÿ I ÿz`ªv‡ÿi •`N©¨
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Dce„‡Ëi civwgwZK 1 28Õk
 Dce„‡Ëi e„n`vÿ I ÿz`ªv‡ÿi •`N©¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ¯’vbvsK (
 †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Dce„‡Ëi civwgwZK ¯’vbvsK wbY©q  Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK I wbqvgK‡iLvi mgxKiY 1 29Õk
 Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY †_‡K Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv wbY©q Ki‡Z  g~jwe›`y‡Z †K›`ªwewkó Awae„‡Ëi cÖwgZ
cvi‡e|
mgxKiY
 Dce„‡Ëi mgxKiY †_‡K Dc‡K‡›`ªi ¯’vbvsK I 1 30Õk
wbqvgK‡iLvi mgxKiY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Awae„‡Ëi cÖwgZ mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ A¼b
 Aÿ؇qi mv‡_ Awae„‡Ëi †Q`we›`y
 Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
Awae„Ë (Hyperbola)
 Awae„‡Ëi AmxgZU
 †K›`ª g~jwe›`ywewkó Awae„‡Ëi cÖwgZ mgxKiY mbv³  Awae„‡Ëi Avo Aÿ I AbyeÜx Aÿ 1 31Õk
Ki‡Z cvi‡e I wjL‡Z cvi‡e|  Awae„‡Ëi civwgwZK ¯’vbvsK
 Awae„‡Ëi cÖwgZ mgxKi‡Yi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
 Aÿ؇qi mv‡_ Awae„‡Ëi †Q`we›`y wbY©q Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|  Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY wbY©q
 Awae„‡Ëi AmxgZ‡Ui Ae¯’vb wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv wbY©q
 Awae„‡Ëi Avo Aÿ I AbyeÜx A‡ÿi •`N©¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z  Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kvÿ
cvi‡e|  †jLwP‡Î Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kvÿ wPwýZKiY 1 32Õk
 †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z Awae„‡Ëi civwgwZK ¯’vbvsK
( wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kv‡ÿi msÁv n‡Z Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY
 cive„‡Ëi ‡jLwPÎ A¼b
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY n‡Z Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv wbY©q Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| 1 33Õk
 Awae„‡Ëi mgxKiY n‡Z Dc‡K›`ª I w`Kvÿ ¯’vbv¼ wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Awae„‡Ëi †jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges Dc‡K›`ª I
w`Kvÿ wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| e¨venvwiK
e¨venvwiK ZvwjKvi 3, 4 I
 Dce„Ë A¼b 1 34Õk
 cive„‡Ëi ‡jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 5 b¤^i KvR¸‡jv
 Dce„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª, w`Kvÿ Ges Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv †`Iqv 33Õk, 34Õk I
_vK‡j Dce„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 35Õk K¬v‡m
m¤cbœ Ki‡Z
 Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª, w`Kvÿ Ges Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv †`Iqv  Awae„Ë A¼b 1 35Õk n‡e|
_vK‡j Awae„Ë A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
mßg Aa¨vq:
 w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi wecixZ Aš^q e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z  wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I g~L¨gvb 2
36Õk I
37Õk
cvi‡e Ges Gi g~L¨gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
wecixZ  wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi ‡jLwPÎ 38Õk I
w·KvYwgwZK  wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi ‡jLwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z 2
39Õk
cvi‡e|
dvskb I  w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY 40Õk I
w·KvYwgwZK  w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mvaviY mgvavb wbY©q Ki‡Z
2
mgvavb 41Õk
mgxKiY cvi‡e|
 wbw`©ó e¨ewa‡Z w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi 2 42Õk I
 Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
 wbw`©ó e¨ewa‡Z w·KvYwgwZK mgxKi‡Yi mgvavb wbY©q mgvavb 43Õk
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ A¼b 44Õk I e¨venvwiK
2
e¨venvwiK 45Õk ZvwjKvi 6 I 7
b¤^i KvR¸‡jv
 wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ A¼b
44Õk, 45kÕ,
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  GKB †jLwP‡Î w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I Gi 2
46Õk I 46Õk I 47Õk
 GKB †jLwP‡Î w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I Gi wecixZ wecixZ dvskb A¼b 47Õk
K¬v‡m m¤cbœ
dvskb A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ki‡Z n‡e|
 ejwe`¨vi cÖv_wgK aviYv
 ejwe`¨vi cÖv_wgK aviYvmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1 48Õk
Aóg Aa¨vq:  e‡ji wµqvwe›`yi ¯’vbvšÍiwewa
 e‡ji wµqvwe›`yi ¯’vbvšÍiwewa eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 e‡ji wµqv I cÖwZwµqv 1 49Zg
 e‡ji wµqv I cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 `yBwU e‡ji jwä 2
50Zg I
w¯’wZwe`¨v  †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ `yBwU e‡ji jwä wbY©q Ki‡Z 51Zg
cvi‡e Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 e‡ji AskK 1 52Zg
 wbw`©ó w`‡K GKwU e‡ji AskK wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 ej‡Rv‡Ui jwä 1 53Zg
 j¤^vsk‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ mgZjxq
ej‡Rv‡Ui jwä wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 ej‡Rv‡Ui mvg¨ve¯’v 1 54Zg
 †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ ej‡Rv‡Ui mvg¨ve¯’v Kx eY©bv
 mvg¨ve¯’vi wÎfzR m~Î 1 55Zg
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ wZbwU e‡ji mvg¨ve¯’vi  mvg¨ve¯’vi jvwgi m~Î 1 56Zg
wÎfzR m~Î eY©bv, cÖgvY I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ wZbwU e‡ji mvg¨ve¯’vi  mgZjxq ej‡Rv‡Ui mvg¨ve¯’vi kZ©
jvwgi m~Î eY©bv, cÖgvY I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1 57Zg
 †Kv‡bv KYvi Dci Kvh©iZ mgZjxq ej‡Rv‡Ui  Ro e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj mgvšÍivj e‡ji jwä 58Zg I
mvg¨ve¯’vi kZ© wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 2 59Zg e¨venvwiK
 cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î Ro e¯‘i Dci wµqvkxj mgvšÍivj e‡ji ZvwjKvi
jwä wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ GKvwaK e‡ji jwä 8 b¤^i KvRwU
e¨venvwiK 60Zg I 60Zg I 61Zg
2
 †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ GKvwaK e‡ji jwä wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 61Zg K¬v‡m m¤cbœ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
 miY, †eM I Z¡iY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  miY, †eM I Z¡iY
beg Aa¨vq:  1 62Zg
GKwU KYvi Dci wµqvkxj GKvwaK †e‡Mi jwä wbY©q  GKvwaK †e‡Mi jwä
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Av‡cwÿK †eM 1 63Zg
Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
mgZ‡j  Av‡cwÿK †eM eY©bv I wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  I 64Zg I
e¯‘KYvi 2
 mij†iLvq mgZ¡i‡Y Pjgvb e¯‘KYvi MwZm~θ‡jv m~‡Îi cÖgvY 65Zg
MwZ †hvMRxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 K. we‡kl GK †m‡K‡Û AwZµvšÍ `~iZ¡ 66Zg I
 mij†iLvq mgZ¡i‡Y Pjgvb e¯‘KYvi MwZm~θ‡jv 2
 L. Mo †eM 67Zg
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 e¯‘KYvi MwZc‡_i †jLwPÎ 1 68Zg
 e¯‘KYvi MwZc_ †jLwP‡Î cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 †jLwPÎ n‡Z e¯‘KYvi †eM I Z¡iY 1 69Zg
 ‡jLwPÎ n‡Z e¯‘KYvi †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Djø¤^ MwZi †ÿ‡Î Z¡iY m¤úwK©Z m~Îmg~‡ni
 Djø¤^ MwZi †ÿ‡Î MwZm~Îmg~n cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1 70Zg
cÖ‡qvM
 Djø¤^ Z‡j cÖwÿß †Kv‡bv KYvi MwZ eY©bv Ges  Djø¤^ Z‡j cÖwÿß e¯‘KYvi MwZ Ges
K. me©vwaK D”PZv K. me©vwaK D”PZv
L. me©vwaK D”PZvq †cuŠQvi mgq L. me©vwaK D”PZvq †cuŠQvi mgq 71Zg I
M wePiYKvj 2
M. wePiYKvj 72Zg
N.Avbyf~wgK cvjøv N. Avbyf~wgK cvjøv wbY©q
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b Gi cÖ‡qvM
 Djø¤^ Z‡j cÖwÿß †Kv‡bv KYvi MwZc_
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| 1 73Zg
GKwU cive„Ë, ZvcÖgvY
 Djø¤^ Z‡j cÖwÿß †Kv‡bv KYvi MwZc_ GKwU cive„Ë,
cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †jLwP‡Î e¯‘KYvi MwZc_ 1 74Zg e¨venvwiK
ZvwjKvi
e¨venvwiK 9 I 10 b¤^i
 †jLwP‡Î e¯‘KYvi MwZc_ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e| KvR¸‡jv 74Zg
 †jLwPÎ n‡Z e¯‘KYvi †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †jLwPÎ n‡Z e¯‘KYvi †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q 1 75Zg I 75Zg K¬v‡m
m¤cbœ Ki‡Z
n‡e|
me©‡gvU 75
 Aa¨vq I
welqe¯‘ cÖ‡qvRbxq
Aa¨v‡qi wk¶vµ‡g/ cvV¨cy¯Í‡K DwjøwLZ wkLbdj K¬v‡mi µg gšÍe¨
(cvV I cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg) K¬vm msL¨v
wk‡ivbvg
e¨venvwiK
1. AvM©Û wP‡Î `yBwU RwUj msL¨vi ‡hvMdj, we‡qvMdj, ¸Ydj I fvMdj wPwýZ K‡i G‡`i ciggvb
(gWzjvm) I bwZ (AvM©y‡g›U) wbY©q|
2. †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ mgxKi‡Yi mgvav‡bi Avmbœ gvb wbY©q|
3. cive„‡Ëi ‡jLwPÎ A¼b|
4. Dce„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª, w`Kvÿ Ges Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv †`Iqv _vK‡j Dce„Ë A¼b | ZË¡xq K¬v‡mi mv‡_ উল্লিল্লিত mg‡qi g‡a¨ e¨venvwiK
5. Awae„‡Ëi Dc‡K›`ª, w`Kvÿ Ges Dr‡Kw›`ªKZv †`Iqv _vK‡j Awae„Ë A¼b | K¬vm¸‡jv m¤cbœ Ki‡Z n‡e|
6. wecixZ w·KvYwgwZK dvsk‡bi †jLwPÎ A¼b |
7. GKB †jLwP‡Î w·KvYwgwZK dvskb I Gi wecixZ dvskb A¼b |
8. †j‡Li mvnv‡h¨ GKvwaK e‡ji jwä wbY©q|
9. †jLwP‡Î e¯‘KYvi MwZc_ cÖ`k©b |
10. †jLwPÎ n‡Z e¯‘KYvi †eM I Z¡iY wbY©q

gvb eÈb: cÖ‡kœi aviv I gvb eÈb AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|