Evsjv FVLVQ NVW'M PPV© : (Study of Hadith in Bengali Language )

Dhaka University Institutional Repository
evsjv fvlvq nvw`m PPv© (1952-2015)

[Study of Hadith in Bengali Language (1952-2015)]
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©
ZË¡veavqK M‡elK
W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn
Aa¨vcK wcGBP.wW. M‡elK
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †iwRt bs-31/2016-2017
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM
XvKv-1000 XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
evsjv‡`k I
mnKvix Aa¨vcK
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM
RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-1000 evsjv‡`k

wW‡m¤î 2021 wLª.
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KZ…©K Dc¯’vwcZ Òevsjv fvlvq nvw`m PPv© (1952-2015)Ó [Study of Hadith in Bengali
Language (1952-2015)] kxl©K M‡elYv Awfm›`f©wU Avgvi cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b I wb‡`©kbvq m¤úbœ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zvi wbR¯^ I GKK M‡elYvKg©| GwU GKwU †g․wjK M‡elYvKg©|
Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, B‡Zvc~‡e© G wk‡ivbv‡g wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kvb M‡elYvKg©
m¤úvw`Z nqwb| G M‡elYv Awfm›`f©wU wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖi Rb¨ m‡šÍvlRbK| Avwg G Awfm›`‡f©i
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Dc¯’vcb Kivi AbygwZ cÖ`vb KiwQ|
(W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`)

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XvKv-1000
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M‡elYv ZË¡veavqK
II
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Avwg G g‡g© †NvlYv KiwQ †h, Òevsjv fvlvq nvw`m PPv© (1952-2015)Ó [Study of Hadith in
Bengali Language (1952-2015)] kxl©K M‡elYv Awfm›`f©wU m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Avgvi GKK I †g․wjK
M‡elYvKg©| Avgvi Rvbv g‡Z, G wk‡ivbv‡g B‡Zvc~‡e© †Kv_vI †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z nqwb|
wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖi Rb¨ `vwLjK…Z G Awfm›`‡f©i welqe¯‘ c~Y© wKsev AvswkKfv‡e Avwg Ab¨
†Kv_vI †Kvb cÖKvi wWwMÖ jvf ev cÖKvkbvi Rb¨ Dc¯’vcb Kwiwb|
(gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn)

wcGBP.wW. M‡elK
†iwR.bs-31/2016-2017
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
I
mnKvix Aa¨vcK
RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv
III
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi
webZ wP‡Ë AMwYZ nvg`-mvbv Ávcb KiwQ †mB gnv gwnqvb Avjøvni cÖwZ; hvi Rb¨ mg¯Í cÖksmv wb‡ew`Z;
hvi AMYY K…cvq Avi mxgvnxb `qvq Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© (1952-2015)Õ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU mym¤úbœ
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ| †mB mv‡_ mvjvZ-mvjvg †ck KiwQ wek¦ gvbeZvi gyw³`~Z, mvwq¨`yj gyimvjxb, LvZvgyb&
bvweq¨xb gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg) Gi cÖwZ; whwb †MvUv wek¦evmxi Rb¨ m‡e©vËg
Av`k© I AbymiYxq e¨w³Z¡; hvi Rxebv`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡iB eZ©gvb GB M‡elYv|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© welqK Awfm›`f©wU `xN©w`‡bi GK jvwjZ ¯^cœ I AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi dmj| G KvRwU
mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ nIqvi †cQ‡b hv‡ì Ae`vb i‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ me©v‡Á AKzÚwP‡Ë K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ
Avgvi wcGBP.wW. M‡elYvi m¤§vwbZ ZË¡veavqK, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi †R¨ô
Aa¨vcK, cÖw_Zhkv wkÿvwe`, M‡elK, nv`xmwekvi` I wewkó wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡ W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`
m¨v‡ii cÖwZ| whwb Avgvi G M‡elYvi m~Pbvce© †_‡K †kl Aew` cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i cÖZ¨ÿ w`K-wb‡`k©bv Ges
HKvwšÍK mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb; hvi d‡j G M‡elYvwU P~ovšÍ chv©q wb‡q Avm‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ|
ïKwiqv Ávcb KiwQ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Avgvi kÖ×vfvRb wkÿKgÐjxi cÖwZ;
hv‡ì `yÔAv, Drmvn I civg‡k© AvR wcGBP.wW. M‡elYvKg© mym¤úbœ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ| K…ZÁZv
Rvbvw”Q RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. Ave`yj A`y`, Aa¨vcK W. †gvt
iBQ DÏxb, Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` byiæj Avwgb, mn‡hvMx
Aa¨vcK I cÖ±i W. †gv¯Ídv Kvgv‡ji cÖwZ; hviv Avgv‡K wewfbœ mgq Z_¨ I civgk© w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv
K‡i‡Qb| Av‡iv abëv` RvbvB Avgvi Ab¨vb¨ mKj mnKg©x‡ì cÖwZ, hviv bvbvfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© civgk© I
Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi mÜvb w`‡q G M‡elYvK‡g© Avgv‡K Drmvn hywM‡q‡Qb|
abëv` Ávcb KiwQ Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-KziAvb, Avj-nv`xm, Avj-wdKn, `vIqvn Ges Aviex
fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefv‡Mi wkÿKe„‡›ì cÖwZ; ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR I Aviex wefv‡Mi
wkÿKe„‡›ì cÖwZ Ges PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR I Aviex wefv‡Mi wkÿKe„‡›ì cÖwZ; hviv
eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© civgk© I Z_¨-DcvË w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb|
Avgvi M‡elYvK‡g©i Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni cwiwa wQj †MvUv evsjv‡`ke¨vcx| d‡j G Z_¨ msMÖ‡n mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨
Avwjqv-KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv †ev‡W©i Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixe„›`, wewfbœ gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ, gynZvwgg, gynvwÏm,
hviv Avgv‡K Z_¨ I DcvË w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì cÖwZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ| K…ZÁZv cÖKvk
KiwQ wewfbœ cÖKvkbv cÖwZôv‡bi cÖKvkK I jvB‡eªwii Kg©KZ©v -Kg©Pvix‡ì cÖwZ; hviv gvV ch©v‡q nv`xmMÖš’
welqK Z_¨vbymÜv‡bi †ÿ‡Î mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Zv Qvov †h mKj MÖ‡š’i mn‡hvwMZvq Awfm›`f©wU mg„×
n‡q‡Q, †m mKj MÖš’vKvie„‡›ì cÖwZ web¤ª kÖ×v I K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ|
Avwg my¯^v¯’¨ I `xN©vqy Kvgbv KiwQ Avgvi kÖ‡×q gv-evevi Rb¨; hviv me©`vB Avgvi M‡elYvKg©wU mym¤úbœ
nIqvi Rb¨ gnvb i‡ei mgx‡c `yÔAv Ki‡Qb| G Qvov M‡elYvKg©wU mym¤úbœ Kivi ‡ÿ‡Î Avgvi mnawg©bx
wg‡mm mygvBqvi cÖwZ abëv` Ávcb KiwQ; hvi mn‡hvwMZv I Z¨v‡Mi K_v fyjevi bq; †h me©`v msmvwiK
bvbvgyLx Kv‡Ri Pvc mn¨ K‡iI GB M‡elYvi †kl Aew` mnvqZv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q|
me©cwi K…ZÁZv RvbvB Avgvi mKj mnKgx©, wkÿv_x©, eÜzgnj, M‡elYv mswkøó Kj¨vYxqe‡ily I ïfvbya¨vqx
e¨w³eM©‡K, hwÌ Zv‡ì mK‡ji bvg D‡jøL Kiv m¤¢e nqwb; A‡b‡Ki †Qv‡Uv-e‡ov Ae`vbI ¯§„wZPy¨wZ
N‡U‡Q, Avwg Zv‡ì mgx‡c ÿgv my›ì `„wó Kvgbv KiwQ| Ae‡k‡l gnvb i‡ei ìev‡i dwiqv`ÑwZwb †hb
Avgv‡K I Avgvi M‡elYvKg©‡K Keyj K‡ib Ges mswkøó mKj‡K Dfq Rvnv‡bi cwic~Y© Kj¨vY `v‡b ab¨
K‡ib| Avgxb|
gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn
IV
kã ms‡KZ
mv. t mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg
Av. t AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøvg
wLª. t wLóvã / Cmvqx mb
R. t Rb¥
g„. t g„Zz¨
W. t W±i
Wv. t Wv³vi (wPwKrmK)
Xvwe t XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
ivwe t ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq
Pwe t PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
Bwe t Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq
Bdvev t BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k
Zv.we. t ZvwiL wenxb
c„. t c„ôv
iv t ivw`qvAvjøvû Avbû/Avbnv/ Avbûgv/ Avbûg/ Avbûbœv
in. t ingvZzjøvwn AvjvBwn
ms¯‥. t ms¯‥iY
ms t msL¨v
L. t LÐ
wn. t wnRix mvj
we.`ª. t we¯ÍvwiZ `ªóe¨
P. t Page
pp. t Pages
Vol. t Volume
Ibid t Ibidem
Ed. t Edition
V
m~wPcÎ
cÖZ¨qbcÎ........................................................................................................................................... II
†NvlYvcÎ .......................................................................................................................................... III
K…ZÁZv ¯^xKvi .................................................................................................................................. IV
kã ms‡KZ ..........................................................................................................................................V
m~wPcÎ ............................................................................................................................................... VI
f~wgKv .......................................................................................................................................... IX- XI
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb.... 12-30
M‡elYvi cUf~wg .......................................................................................................... 13
mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv ....................................................................................................... 15
M‡elYvi cÖkœmg~n ........................................................................................................20
M‡elYvi †g․j cÖZ¨q ................................................................................................... 21
M‡elYvi †h․w³KZv ..................................................................................................... 22
M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ ..........................................................................................................23
M‡elYvi c×wZ ...........................................................................................................24
M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv .....................................................................................................28
Aa¨vq web¨vm ............................................................................................................. 30
wØZxq Aa¨vq :nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk ....................... 31-62
2.1 nv`xm cwiwPwZ, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Acwinvh©Zv I cÖvgvwYKZv .............................................32
2.2 cÖ_g hyM : wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v ................................................................40
nv`x‡mi DrcwË ......................................................................................................... 41
ivm~jyjøvn (m.) Gi RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v ..................................................................... 43
mvnvex I cÖexY ZvweÕC‡ì hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v ..................................................46
2.3 wØZxq hyM : wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v ............................................................ 53
2.4 Z…Zxq hyM : wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx n‡Z cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ nv`xm PP©v .............................57
wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx: nv`xm msKj‡bi ¯^Y©hyM ............................................................. 57
wnRix PZz_© kZvãx: nv`xm msKj‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi hyM ...................................................59
wnRix cÂg kZK I ZrcieZx© hy‡M nv`xm PP©v ........................................................... 61
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv ................................................63-128
3.1 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjvg: nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk.............................................64
3.2 wmÜz weR‡qi c~‡e© fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMgb I nv`xm PP©v ...............64
nhiZ Dgi dviæK (iv.) Gi hy‡M ..............................................................................65
nhiZ Dmgvb (iv.) Gi hy‡M .....................................................................................66
nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) Gi hy‡M ..................................................................................66
3.3 wmÜz weRq DËiKv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v ..................................................67
gvbmyivq nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª ..........................................................................................68
†è‡j nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª .............................................................................................68
Kzm`v‡i nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª ...........................................................................................69
jv‡nv‡i nv`xm PPv© ‡K›`ª .......................................................................................... 70
VI
3.4 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª I weL¨vZ gynvwÏme„›` ...................................... 70

w`wjø : wbhvgyÏxb AvIjxqvi nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª ............................................................. 71
wenvi : kidzÏxb Avj-gvbxixi nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª........................................................ 72
Kvk¥xi : mvBwq¨` Avj-nvg`vbxi nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª ..................................................... 73
gyjZvb : kvqL hvKvwiqvi nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª.................................................................74
ewnwe©k¦ †_‡K AvMZ gynvwÏme„›` ................................................................................74
3.5 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM ..................................................................... 75
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK aviv .................................................... 78
3.6 evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg: nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk aviv ....................................................79
evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb .....................................................................................79
evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: m~Pbv I c×wZ ........................................................................82
e½ AÂ‡j nv`xm PPv©i weKvk ...................................................................................86
e½ AÂ‡ji gvìvmv ................................................................................................ 87
gynvwÏmM‡Yi avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm kv‡¯¿i AvMgb I PP©v ............................90
3.7 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PPv©i weKvk ...................................................................93
evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï mswÿß BwZnvm .....................................................................94
evsjv fvlvq cÖvPxb hy‡M nv`xm PP©v.............................................................................97
evsjv fvlvq ga¨ hy‡M nv`xm PP©v................................................................................97
evsjv fvlvi AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xm PP©v ...................................................................... 100
wesk kZ‡K (1901-2000) nv`xm PP©v ....................................................................102
GKwesk kZ‡K (2001-eZ©gvb) nv`xm PP©v .............................................................109
†jvK mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v ......................................................................................... 110
wkï mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v........................................................................................... 114
mxivZ mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v ....................................................................................... 116
3.8 evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© (1952-2015) ....................................................122
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ, msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’ ...................................................................122
evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖš’ ............................................................................. 124
evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖš’ ........................................................................ 127
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ Dm~j I wiRvj kv¯¿ welqK MÖš’ ................................................. 128
PZz_© Aa¨vq : evsjv fvlvq iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi .................... 129-197
cÂv‡ki `k‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v .................................................................... 130
lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v .........................................................................132
mË‡ii `k‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v ...................................................................... 136
Avwki `k‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v........................................................................ 140
beŸB‡qi `k‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v .................................................................. 149
2000-2010 ch©šÍ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v .............................................................. 158
2011-2021 (eZ©gvb) ch©šÍ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v ................................................ 173
cÂg Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©v ................................... 198-226
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq .............................................................................................199
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I weKvk ............................................................................. 200
wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq .......................................................................................... 208
VII
wiRvjkv‡¯¿i DrcwË I µgweKvk .............................................................................210

wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK cÖwm× MÖš’.....................................................................................214
evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©v: DrcwË I weKvk aviv ...........................217
evsjv fvlvq Dm~j I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš’ : ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi ...........................217
lô Aa¨vq : evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb: aib I cÖK…wZ ....................... 227-316
6.1 cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© .................................................................. 228
Avwjqv gvìvmv aviv: BwZnvm I HwZn¨ .................................................................. 228
Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿvavivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (Be‡Z`vqx-Kvwgj) ..................... 237
KIgx gvìvmv wkÿveë¯’v: m~Pbv I weKvk aviv ....................................................... 239
KIgx wkÿvavivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (BewZ`vqx-ZvKwgj) ................................ 243
AvZ-ZvLvmmym wd Djywgj nv`xm (D”PZi nv`xm M‡elYv wefvM) ............................. 244
¯‥zj-K‡jR ch©vq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (cÖv_wgK-D”Pgva¨wgK) ............................. 247
cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©v ..................................................................... 249
†emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©v .................................................................. 273
gmwR` wfwËK nv`xm PP©v......................................................................................... 279
LvbKv wfwËK nv`xm PP©v .......................................................................................... 281
6.2 wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v ................................................................................. 284
wcÖ›U wgwWqv [cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKx] ....................................................................... 284
B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv [miKvix-‡emiKvwi †eZvi I wUwf] ............................................. 292
A¨vcwj‡Kkb wfwËK nv`xm PP©v................................................................................ 302
I‡qemvBU wfwËK nv`xm PP©v ................................................................................... 314
mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v..................................................................... 315
mßg Aa¨vq : evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYv ................................................. 317-375
7.1 wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYv : Gg.wdj I wc.GBPwW. .......... 318
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYv .................................................................... 319
nv`xm welqK M‡elYvq ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq............................................................ 328
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡q nv`x‡mi M‡elYv ....................................................................... 335
nv`xm M‡elYvq Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Ae`vb ......................................................... 338
7.2 M‡elYv cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v ..................................................................................... 359
7.3 evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ M‡elYv cÖwZôv‡b nv`xm PP©v........................................................ 374
Aóg Aa¨vq : evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb ....................................................................... 376-473
cÖqvZ gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm PP©vi KxwZ© ................................................................. 378
RxweZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq Ae`vb ................................................ 432
wefvMwfwËK cÖwm× gynvwÏme„›` ................................................................................ 464
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv I M‡elYvi djvdj ............................................................................................ 474
mycvwikgvjv .................................................................................................................................... 477
Dcmsnvi ........................................................................................................................................ 479
MÖš’cwÄ ............................................................................................................. 482-491
VIII
f~wgKv
mKj cÖksmv †Kej gnvb Avjøvni Rb¨B wb‡ew`Z; whwb RMrmg~‡ni cÖwZcvjK| ìæ` I mvjvg ewl©Z
†nvK Zvui wcÖqeÜz nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Dci; hvi evYx I Rxebv`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡iB eZ©gvb GB
M‡elYv| †mB mv‡_ Zvui cwievieM©, mvnvev wKivg I D¤§vni mrKg©kxj e¨w³e‡M©i Dci kvwšÍ I ingZ
ewl©Z †nvK|
Avj-KziAvb gnvb Avjøvni wPišÍb evYx| Avj-nv`xm GiB kvk¦Z e¨vL¨v| hv Bmjvgx kixqv‡Zi wØZxq
cÖavb Drm| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi evYx, Kg© I †g․bm¤§wZ‡K nv`xm ejv nq| ‡mB nv`xm fvÐvi Zvui
RxeÏkvq myweb¨¯Í MÖš’vKv‡i wjwce× nqwb; eis Zv mvnvexM‡Yi e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M wew”Qbœfv‡e msiwÿZ
wQ‡jv| Z‡e Zv msiÿ‡Yi cÖavb Dcvq wQ‡jv gyL¯’ KiY, †g․wLKfv‡e cÖPvi-cÖmvi I wkÿv`v‡bi g‡a¨
mxgve×| ZvB †`Lv hvq, bex Kvixg (mv.) mvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ nv`xm gyL¯’ Ki‡Z Ges Zv AbvMZ‡ì wbKU
†c․u‡Q w`‡Z Drmvn I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| d‡j mvnvev wKivg Zuvi wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eK nv`xm cÖPvi-
cÖmvi I msiÿ‡Y m‡e©v”P Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| ZrcieZx© hy‡Mi nv`xmwekvi`MYI cweÎ nv`x‡mi cÖPvi,
cÖmvi, wkÿv`vb, msMÖn, msiÿY I msKj‡b wb‡R‡ì Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì AeY©bxq Z¨vM-
wZwZÿvi d‡j nv`xmkv¯¿ cÖRb¥ ci¤úivq we‡k¦i cÖwZwU cÖv‡šÍ †c․u‡Q †Ìqv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii Ici fvlv cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ evsjv GKwU HwZn¨ mg„× I cÖvPxbZg
fvlv| fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjv c„w_exi PZz_© e„nr gvZ…fvlv| eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq cuwPk †KvwU
†jv‡Ki gy‡Li fvlv evsjv| Gi g‡a¨ cÖvq wek †KvwU gymwjg; hviv evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡jb, g‡bi fve
cÖKvk K‡ib| G fvlvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q KvjRqx A‡bK Kve¨-gnvKve¨; Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q eû gnvg~jëvb mvwnZ¨
fvÐvi| c„w_exi fvlvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKgvÎ evsjviB i‡q‡Q i³mœvZ HwZwn¨K BwZnvm| G wekvj ev½vjx
gymwjg Rb‡Mvwôi Rxebeë¯’v wn‡m‡e Bmjvg cvj‡bi wØZxq cÖavb gva¨g n‡”Q nv`xm; wKš‘ cÖvPxbZg
HwZwnëvnx G fvlvq Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g †Kvb M‡elYv A`¨vewa m¤úbœ nqwb| A_P bexi
(mv.) hyM †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ bvbv †`‡k wewfbœ fvlvq nv`xm PP©v Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
evsjv fvlvi BwZnvm mycÖvPxb| wKš‘ G AÂ‡j evOvjx gymwjg‡ì BwZnvm GK nvRvi eQ‡ii| Zv‡ì m~Pbv
c‡e© we‡`k †_‡K AvMZ gyevwjøM-`vC, Avwjg-Ijvgv I gynvwÏme„›` G AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx cÖPvi
K‡i‡Qb| Zviv G f~wg‡Z cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb AmsL¨ gmwR`, gvìvmv, g³e I LvbKv| G mKj cÖwZôvb‡K
†K›`ª K‡i Zviv Øx‡bi `vIqvZ cÖPvi Ki‡Zb| †h‡nZz Zviv KziAvb-mybœvn wfwËK Øx‡bi `vIqvZ w`‡Zb,
†m‡nZz ‡m¸‡jv‡K KziAvb-nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ªI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| G QvovI gynvwÏmMY D³ cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z
nv`x‡mi cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi d‡j G AÂ‡j m„wó n‡q‡Q AMwYZ nv`xmwe`|
evsjvfvlx cÖw_Zhkv nv`xmwekvi`MY nv`xmkv‡¯¿ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Avm‡Qb| Zviv cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb
evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi eû g~jëvb msKjb, Abyev` I fvl¨MÖš’| hy‡Mi AveZ©‡b nv`xm PP©v n‡q Avm‡Q
wewfbœ cÖvwZôvwbK avivq I cÖPvi gva¨‡g| Zv Qvov G fvlv‡Z nv`xm welqK wewfbœ cÖm½ wb‡q m¤úvw`Z
n‡q‡Q eû M‡elYvKg©| wKš‘ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi welqwU h_vh_ M‡elYvi Afv‡e †jvKPÿzi
AšÍiv‡jB i‡q †M‡Q| ZvB evsjv fvlvi my`xN© BwZnv‡mi evu‡K evu‡K G fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi AbymÜvb I
ch©v‡jvPbvi gvb‡m Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó kxl©K M‡elYvK‡g©i AeZviYv|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi µgvMÖmiZvi wfwË‡Z iwPZ eÿgvb Awfm›`f©wU my›ì Aeq‡e myweb¨¯ÍvKv‡i
Dc¯’vc‡bi wbwgË AvUwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ÔM‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi ‡cÖÿvcU eY©bv, cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨
wbiÿY hv welqe¯‘ wbev©Pb n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Awfm›`f© cwiKíbv, D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY, c×wZ D™¢veb, M‡elYvi
k~Y¨Zv wbY©q, Z_¨we‡kølY I djvdj wba©viY BZ¨vw` mKj †ÿ‡Î ZvwË¡K wfwË I cÖ‡qvwMK †K․kj wbY©‡q
IX
mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| G Qvov M‡elYvi cÖkœmg~n, cwiwa, †g․wjK cÖZ¨qmg~n, †h․w³KZv, D‡Ïk¨, mxgve×Zv,
M‡elYv c×wZ D™¢veb I Aa¨vqweb¨vm m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z G Aa¨v‡q M‡elYv
K‡g©i cÖ¯ÍvweZ iƒc‡iLvi †h․w³KZv c~bg©~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg Kiv n‡q‡Q Ônv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, DrcwË I µgweKvkÕ| G we‡køl‡Y nv`xm k‡ãi
AvwfavwbK I cvwifvwlK cwiwPwZ, nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, Zvrch©, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Acwinvh©Zv, cÖvgvwYKZvi
mswÿß weeiY; AZtci wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ ch©v‡jvPbvq nv`x‡mi Drm, DrcwË,
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v, mvnvex I cÖexY ZvweÕC‡ì hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY, msKjb I PP©v;
Zvic‡i wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi eY©bv Ges wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx n‡Z cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ
we‡klZ: nv`xm msKj‡bi ¯^Y©hyM L¨vZ wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx; nv`xm msKj‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi hyM wnRix PZz_©
kZvãx Ges wnRix cÂg kZK I ZrcieZx© hy‡M nv`xm welqK weL¨vZ MÖš’vejx m¤ú‡K© mswÿß cwim‡i
GKUv cwi®‥vi we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z GB ch©v‡jvPbvwU eZ©gvb M‡elYvi cÖviw¤¢K AbymÜvb,
hv cieZ©x Ava¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv we‡køl‡Yi †g․j wfwË|
Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk avivÕ wk‡ivbvg Kiv n‡q‡Q Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi| G‡Z fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k
Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; wmÜz weRq DËiKv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v;
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª I weL¨vZ gynvwÏme„›`; ewnwe©k¦ †_‡K AvMZ gynvwÏme„›`; fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM; fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK aviv; evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi
AvMgb Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PPv©i weKvk aviv; evsjv fvlvi
mswÿß BwZnvm; evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb hyM, ga¨ hyM I AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xm PP©v ; †jvK mvwnZ¨, mxivZ
mvwnZ¨ I wkï mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v; evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq (1952-2015) eZ©gvb (2021) ch©šÍ nv`xm
kv‡¯¿i †g․wjK, msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’ivwRi mswÿß cwiwPwZ, Dcgv I ZvwjKv AvKv‡i
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ G Aa¨vqwU fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿ weKv‡ki ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cÖ‡ekØvi mbv³ Kiv, hv cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q nv`xm MÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc D‡b¥vP‡bi gva¨‡g
we‡køwlZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Ôevsjv fvlvq iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePviÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1952 mvj †_‡K
eZ©gvb (2021) ch©šÍ mvZwU `kKwfwËK wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb Z_v 50 Gi `kK †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gvb
ch©šÍ cÖKvwkZ evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx; Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖš’mg~n Ges e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm
MÖš’ivwR Abyev‡ì aib, cÖK…wZ, ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ we¯ÍvwiZ cwim‡i ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e MÖš’
wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nv`xm welqK MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ mxgve× ivLv n‡q‡Q|
DwjøwLZ MÖ‡š’i nv`xm fvÐv‡ii weï×Zv wbf©i K‡i Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi wba©wiZ gvb`‡Ð
DËxY© nIqvi Dc‡i| ZvB welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i cieZx© Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I
wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©vi Z_¨vbymÜvb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ôevsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÂg Aa¨v‡q Dm~j I wiRvjkv¯¿ ch©v‡jvPbvq
cÖ_gZ: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, Gi DrcwË I weKvk; AZtci wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, Gi DrcwË I
weKvk; Gic‡i evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv Ges evsjv fvlvq cÖYxZ
Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xmwelqK cÖwm× MÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e©i (PZz_©) Aa¨vq Ges eZ©gvb (cÂg) Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ †g․wjK,
msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm, Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš’mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv A‡bKvs‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK DcKiY| ZvB cieZx© Aa¨v‡q wewfbœ
cÖvwZôvwbK avivq nv`xm PP©vi aib I cÖK…wZ we‡køwlZ n‡q‡Q|
X
lô Aa¨v‡q Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I cÖPvigva¨gÕ wk‡ivbv‡g cÖ_gZ: cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© ej‡ZÑ Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmv wkÿveë¯’vq nv`xm PP©v, ¯‥zj -K‡jR I cvewjK-
cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©v, gmwR` wfwËK nv`xm PP©v, LvbKv wfwËK nv`xm PP©v; AZtci
wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v Z_v wcÖ›U wgwWqv: •`wbK, mvßvwnK, cvwÿK, gvwmK, lvY¥vwmK I evrmwiK
cÎ-cwÎKv, mvgwqKx I ¯§viK MÖš’; B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv: miKvwi-‡emiKvwi †eZvi I †Uwjwfkb; wewfbœ
A¨vcwj‡Kkb, I‡qemvBU Ges mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi ev¯Íe wPÎ I G‡ì mvgvwRK
cÖfv‡ei ch©v‡jvPbv mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G we‡kølY evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi bvbv avivi cÖvwZôvwbK
ZrciZv I nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖPvigva¨‡gi bvbv w`K we‡kølY I g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv nv`x‡mi D”PZi
M‡elYvi †cÖwÿZ iPbv K‡i‡Q ejv P‡j|
Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYvÕ wk‡ivbvg Kiv n‡q‡Q mßg Aa¨v‡qi| evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cvewjK
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mswkøó wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jv‡fi wbwgË
(AcÖKvwkZ) M‡elYv Awfm›`f© AbymÜvb I ch©v‡jvPbv; evsjv fvlvq iwPZ wewfbœ M‡elYv cwÎKvq
cÖKvwkZ nv`xm welqK cÖeÜ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nv`xm
welqK M‡elYvK‡g©i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G wel‡q bZzb
M‡elK‡ì M‡elYvi im` †hvMv‡e| cieZx© Aa¨v‡q hv‡ì ci¤úivq evsjv‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb-
weKvk Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Kg©ZrciZv AbymÜvb I g~j¨vq‡bi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
me©‡kl Awfm›`‡f©i Aóg Aa¨v‡q Ôevsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß cwiPq I evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vbÕ wk‡ivbv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ avivi wkÿvcÖwZôvb †_‡K evQvBK…Z (cÖvq)
GKkZ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi‡ì mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq †jvKPÿzi AšÍiv‡j
†P‡c _vKv Zvu‡ì Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki mKj avivi
(Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq) evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi (cÖ qvZ‡ì g„Zz¨ mv‡ji µgvbymv‡i
Ges RxweZ‡ì Rb¥ mv‡ji avivevwnKZvq) mswÿß Rxebv‡jL¨ Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì
Ae`v‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv‡`‡ki wefvM wfwËK (GKkZ EbvbeŸB) L¨vZbvgv
gynvwÏ‡mi mswÿß cwiwPwZ I ZvwjKv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g M‡elYvi
djvdj, mycvwikgvjv D×…Z n‡q‡Q| me‡k‡l Dcmsnvi I MÖš’cwÄ ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ Aa¨vq
web¨v‡mi avivq h_vh_ M‡elYv c×wZ Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g M‡elYvKg©wU cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Gi
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi ¯îƒc D‡b¥vPb Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwU-B g~jZ eZ©gvb M‡elYvi
P~ovšÍ ch©vq hv we‡kølY I g~j¨vqb eZ©gvb M‡elYvK‡g©i djvdj wea„Z K‡i|
eÿgvb Awfm›`f©wU (Qualititive) ¸YMZ I (Quantitive) msL¨vMZ c×wZi mgš^‡q wgkÖ c×wZ‡Z iwPZ
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e wmsnfvM †ÿ‡Î ¸YMZ ixwZi welqe¯‘ we‡kølY I Rwic c×wZ Ges Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ
wn‡m‡e WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f© I mv‡f© c×wZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z D×…wZ I Z_¨m~Î eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î ¯^xK…Z
M‡elYv ixwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv evbv‡bi AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î evsjv GKv‡Wwgi cÖwgZ evsjv evbvb
ixwZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Aviex k‡ãi †ÿ‡Î Zvi ¯^vZwš¿¨K ‣ewkó¨ Ae¨vnZ ivLv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb M‡elYv
†ÿÎwUi cwimxgv AwZ e¨vcK| G wekvj M‡elYv †ÿ‡Îi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn, we‡kølY I
g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi m¤¢ve¨ mKj †ÿÎ¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i
†Kv_vI we¯ÍvwiZ, Avevi †Kv_vI ms‡ÿ‡c mvejxj eY©bvi gva¨‡g AbymÜv‡bi avivevwnKZv iÿv K‡i
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv‡Z fwel¨r M‡elKMY Zv‡Z cieZ©x M‡elYvi c_ Ly‡Ru cvq|
Avgvi G M‡elYvKg© Áv‡bi RM‡Z GK bZzb ms‡hvRb n‡e e‡j Avwg `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi| Ae‡k‡l gnvb
Avjøvni wbKU cÖv_©bv, wZwb †hb Avgv‡K I cvVKK~j‡K G Awfm›`f© Øviv DcK…Z nIqvi ZvIdxK `vb
K‡ib| Avgxb|
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M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv,

D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb
12
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨,
c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm1 PP©vi µgvMÖmigvb AMÖhvÎvq nv`xm cVb-cvVb, MÖš’ cÖYqb I cÖvwZôvwbK Ki‡Yi
avivq m¤úvw`Z nq| mgq I †cÖwÿZ we‡ePbvq fvlv I mvwnZ¨ gv‡b †m MÖš’¸‡jvi M‡elYvi gvb µgk
DbœZZi| G mKj mvwnZ¨ I mswkøó M‡elYvmg~n c×wZMZ (welqe¯‘ we‡kølY-Rwic, HwZnvwmK eY©bv,
mvÿvrKvig~jK I m‡iRwgb cwi`k©b BZ¨vw`) w`K we‡ePbvq cybtwbixÿY cÖ‡qvRb, hv‡Z Òevsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vÓ wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi †h․w³KZv wbg©vY Kiv hvq| G Aa¨v‡q M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ wbixÿY,
D‡Ïk¨, M‡elYv c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g M‡elYvi k~Y¨Zv mbv³ KiY Ges h_vh_
M‡elYv c×wZ D™¢veb KivB D‡Ïk¨| †gvÏvK_v, eZ©gvb M‡elYvK‡g©i cÖ¯ÍvweZ iƒc‡iLvi †h․w³KZvi
c~bg©~j¨vqbB G Aa¨v‡qi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨|
M‡elYvi cUf~wg
Bmjv‡gi wØZxq Drm nv`xm| KziAv‡bi c‡iB Gi kiC Ae¯’vb| KziAvb Bmjv‡gi cÖ`xc ¯Í¤¢, nv`xm Gi
we”QywiZ Av‡jvK iwk¥| Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁvb RM‡Z KziAvb †hb ürwcÐ, Avi nv`xm GB ürwc‡Ði mv‡_
mshy³ agbx| agbx †hgb cÖwZwbqZ i³‡mªvZ cÖevwnZ K‡i kix‡ii A½ cÖZ¨½‡K m`v m‡ZR-mRxe I
mPj iv‡L, wVK †ZgbB nv`xm KziAv‡bi wbfy©j e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvg bvgK Rxebeë¯’v‡K
AvaywbK, mPj-mRxe, cvjb‡hvM¨ I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j| KziAvb gvRx‡` wewfbœ wel‡qi msw¶ß
g~jbxwZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †m mKj msw¶ß g~jbxwZ I wewa-weav‡bi e¨vL¨vKvi wn‡m‡e
gnvb Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K `vwqZ¡ cÖvß n‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ KziAvb gvRx‡` Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
‫َوأَنز َْلنَا ِإلَ ْ َ ل ِّذل ْ َ لِإ ُت َ ِّذ َ لِإ نَّن ِإ‬
‫اا َما نُت ِّذز َ ِإلَ ْ ِإهم‬
ÒAvi Avwg Avcbvi cÖwZ KziAvb AeZxY© K‡iwQ, gvbyl‡K my¯úófv‡e eywS‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨, hv Zv‡ì cÖwZ
bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó2 AwaKvsk †¶‡Î KziAvb AwZ ms‡¶‡c wewa-weavb eY©bv K‡i‡Q, KiYxq I eR©bxq
Kvh©vejx GK K_vq †NvlYv w`‡q‡Q, wKš‘ KiYxq Kvh©vejx Av`v‡qi c×wZ I mswkøó bxwZgvjv wKQyB e¨vL¨v
K‡iwb| D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv hvq, KziAvb mvjvZ Av`vq Acwinvh© K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ mvjv‡Zi mywbw`©ó mgqm~Px,
ivKvZ msL¨v, Av`v‡qi c×wZ wVK K‡i †`qwb| GgbwK G m¤ú‡K© wKQyB eY©bv K‡iwb; eis gnvbex (mv.)
Zvi `xN© 23 eQ‡ii beyIqvZx Rxe‡b Gme wel‡qi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ GB e¨vL¨v cÖ`v‡bi
†¶‡Î KLbI wZuwb (mv.) wb‡Ri cÖe„wËi Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK K_v e‡jbwb; eis Zv cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki (Inx)
wfwË‡ZB Ki‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ KziAvb gvRx‡` Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,
ً َ ‫َو َما َن ِإن ُت َ ِإ ْلهَ َىي ِإ ْ ُت َى ِإ َّن َو ْ ٌي ُتى‬
ÒAvi wZwb (mv.) cÖe„wËi Zvobvq K_v e‡jb bv| G †Zv, Iwn hv cÖZ¨v‡`k Kiv nq|Ó3
†h‡nZz gnvbex (mv.) Bmjv‡gi e¨vcv‡i wbR cÖe„wËi Abymi‡Y wKsev evwb‡q †Kvb K_v ej‡Zb bv; †m
Kvi‡Y ivm~j (mv.) AvbxZ mKj weavb Zvui D¤§vni cÖwZ mv`‡i MÖn‡Yi my¯úó wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| †hgb:
gnvb Avjøvn D¤§‡Z gynv¤§`x‡K jÿ¨ K‡i e‡jb,
‫َو َما آَا ُت ُتم ل َّن ُتى ُت َ ُت ُتلووُت َو َما نَهَا ُت ْم َ ْن ُت َان َهُتى‬
1 Aviex (‫ ) ـد ـث‬kãwUi evsjv evbvb Ônv`xmÕ AwaKZi Dchy³; hv eÿgvb M‡elYv Awfm›`‡f© eëüZ n‡q‡Q| cÖKvk _v‡K †h,
M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡g D×…Z Ônvw`mÕ evbvbwUI cÖwgZ evbv‡bi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©|
2 Avj KziAvb, 16 : 44
3 Avj KziAvb, 53 : 3-4
13
Òivm~j †Zvgv‡ì hv †`b †Zvgiv Zv MÖnY Ki, Avi hv †_‡K eviY K‡ib Zv †_‡K weiZ _vK|Ó 4 myZivs
D³ Avqv‡Zi wfwË‡Z G K_v wbw`©avq ejv hvq †h, nv`xm Bmjv‡gi AKvU¨ `jxj I cÖvgvY¨ Drm|
c„w_ex‡Z AvMZ mKj RvwZ-†Mvwôi Rb¨ c_ cÖ`k©K wn‡m‡e bex-ivm~j †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb| Avjøvni evYx,
‫َولِإ ُت ِّذ َىْ ٍم َاد‬
ÒAvi cÖ‡Z¨K m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨B c_ cÖ`k©K i‡q‡Q|Ó 5 Zuviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB (m¦RvZxq) gvZ…fvlvq c_nviv
gvbyl‡ì‡K Avjøvni c‡_ Avnevb K‡i‡Qb| Gi m¦c‡¶ KziAvb gvRx` cÖgvY w`‡”Q,
‫َو َما أَرْ َ ْنَا ِإم َّنر ُتى ٍم ِإ َّن ِإ ِإ َ ا ِإ َىْ ِإم ِإ لِإ ُت َ ِّذ َ لَهُت ْم‬
ÒAvi Avwg cÖ‡Z¨K ivm~j‡K Zvui m¦RvwZi fvlvfvlx K‡iB †cÖiY K‡iwQ; hv‡Z wZwb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
my¯úófv‡e (weavb) eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Ó6 AÁZvi AÜKv‡ii cÖej eb¨vq hLb mgMÖ Avie f~wg cøvweZ,
wek¦gvbeZv hLb gyw³i Rb¨ Îvwn Îvwn KiwQj, wVK GgbB GK wefxwlKvgq gyn~‡Z© me©‡kl I me©‡kªô
wek¦bex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Avie‡`‡k †cÖwiZ nb| m½Z Kvi‡YB KziAvb-nv`x‡mi fvlv Aviex; wKšyÍ Gi
Av‡e`b me©Kvjxb I wek¦Rbxb| G Rb¨B gnvbex (mv.) Gi wb‡`©k,
‫َ نِّذ َولَىْ َ َ ًة‬ ْ‫َ ِّذ ُتغى‬
ÒAvgvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU (nv`xm) evYx n‡jI Zv (gvby‡li wbKU) †cu․‡Q `vI|Ó7
c„w_ex‡Z i‡q‡Q AmsL¨ RvwZ I AMwYZ fvlv| fvlv g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki evnb| ZvB cÖ‡Z¨K AÂ‡ji
Awaevmxiv wbR wbR fvlvq Zv‡ì g‡bi fve e¨³ K‡ib| d‡j Zv‡ì cvi¯úwiK fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb
N‡U| Avevi GK AÂ‡ji fvlv hLb Ab¨ fvlv fvlx‡ì wbKU Dc¯’v cb Kiv nq ZLb †`Lv †`q bvbv
mgm¨v| cÖ‡qvRb c‡o fvl¨Kv‡ii| Aviex Avie‡ì gvZ…fvlv| gnvbex (mv.) Avie ‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
hyw³m½Z Kvi‡YB wZwb Aviex fvlvq K_v ej‡Zb| beyIqvZ jv‡fi ci gnvbex (mv.) Gi gyLwbm„Z
AMwYZ nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Zvui GKwU evYx ÒAvgvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU (nv`xm) evYx n‡jI Zv
(gvbyl‡ì‡K) †cu․‡Q `vI|Ó GUv Kx K‡i m¤¢e? A_P c„w_exi AwaKvsk gvbyl Aviex fvlv Rv‡b bv|
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi AvbxZ weavb c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li Kv‡Q †c․uQv‡Z n‡j `yÕwU c×wZi †h †Kvb GKwU
Aej¤^b Avek¨K n‡q co‡e| cÖ_gZ: nq‡Zv wek¦evmx cÖ‡Z¨KwU gvbyl‡K Aviex fvlvq `¶ K‡i M‡o
Zzj‡Z n‡e| bq‡Zv cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi fvlvq Zv‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Ávb cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z
n‡e| ev¯Íem¤§Z Kvi‡YB cÖ_g c×wZwU AbymiY Kiv Am¤¢e Ges Avjøvn ZvÔAvjviI AwfcÖvq Zv bq|
Kv‡RB cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi wbKU Zv‡ì ¯^-¯^ fvlvq Avjøvn& I Zuvi ivm~‡ji evYx Dc¯’vcb Kivi weKí †bB|
GB †eva I Dcjwä †_‡KB Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vÕ wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv ïiæ nq Ges G wel‡q wewfbœ
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK Aa¨qb Ki‡Z ïiæ Kwi; Gfv‡eB G M‡elYv K‡g©i m~ÎcvZ nq|
AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, evsjv c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg fvlvmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| G fvlvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q KvjRqx A‡bK
Kve¨-gnvKve¨| c„w_exi fvlvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKgvÎ evsjviB i‡q‡Q i³mœvZ HwZwn¨K BwZnvm| evsjv
fvlvi BwZnvm mycÖvPxb n‡jI evOvjx gymjgv‡bi BwZnvm ZZUv cÖvPxb bq| wLªóxq Î‡qv`k kZ‡Ki
m~Pbvj‡Mœ G †`‡k gymjgvb‡ì ivR‣bwZK weRq I hvÎv ïiæ nq| cÖ_vMZfv‡e †m mg‡qi gymwjgMY
ag©xq, Av_©mvgvwRK I ivóªxq mKj Kv‡R dvwm©, D`©y wKsev Aviex fvlv eënvi Ki‡Zb| †h Kvi‡Y `xN©w`b
ch©šÍ evsjv fvlvq Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK Áv‡bi Drmmg~‡ni †Kvb fvlvšÍi ev iƒcvšÍi cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvqwb|
1885 wLªóv‡ã wMwik P›`&ª †mb KziAvb gvRx‡ì me©cÖ_g c~Y©v½ e½vbyev` Kivi ci evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi Øvi Db¥y³ nq| wKš‘ bvbv Kvi‡Y ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvRb Abyf~Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aviv
wek kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq ch©šÍ †Zgb weKwkZ nqwb|
Aek¨ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_vMZ cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g `kK n‡Z; 1908 mv‡j PÆMÖvg¯’ `viæj
Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq `vIiv‡q nv`xm Ges 1909 mv‡j KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq
7 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.), mnxûj eyLvix, wiqv`: `viæj Bmjvg, 1997wLª./1417wn., c„. 712;
(cieZx©‡Z G MÖš’wUi m~Î D‡jø‡Li †ÿ‡Î ïay MÖš’vKv‡ii bvg eëüZ n‡e|)
14
UvB‡Uj K¬v‡mi hvÎv I cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g g~jZ nv`xm PP©v ïiæ nq| Gici µgvš^‡q wmnvn wmËvmn
nv`x‡mi †g․wjK MÖš’mg~n, Dm~jyj nv`xm (nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ), wiRvj (nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì Rxeb
PwiZ) kv‡¯¿i KvjRqx MÖš’mg~n Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| µgk G aviv mg„w× †_‡K AwaKZi mg„w×i
c‡_ µgvMÖmigvb, hv eZ©gv‡b GKwU ¯^Zš¿ kv¯¿xq cwiP‡q D™¢vwmZ n‡q D‡V‡Q| wKš‘ G welq wb‡q
A`¨vewa †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z nqwb| ZvB M‡elYv I AbymwÜrmy `„wó w`‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi ¯îƒc D‡b¥vPb I wePvi-we‡kølY GKvšÍ Acwinvh©, LyeB hyw³ms½Z, cÖvmw½K I mg‡qi `vex| G j‡ÿ¨
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015) kxl©K M‡elYvKg© GB k~b¨Zv c~iY Ki‡e e‡j `„p wek¦vm|
cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv

†h †Kvb c×wZMZ M‡elYvKg© mym¤úbœ Kivi GKwU Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q we`¨gvb cÖvmw½K
iPbvmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv| GKwU M‡elYvi welqe¯‘ wbev©Pb n‡Z ïiæ K‡i Awfm›`f© cwiKíbv, D‡Ïk¨
wba©viY, c×wZ D™¢veb, Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY, djvdj wba©viY BZ¨vw` mKj †ÿ‡Î ZvwË¡K wfwË I cÖ‡qvwMK
†K․kj wbY©‡q Zv (mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv) A‡bK mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K| eZ©gvb M‡elYvi AbywgZ `yÔwU D‡Ï‡kï
g‡a¨ GKwU mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ Z_v Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi ch©v‡jvPbv KivÕ Ges K‡qKwU we‡kl D‡Ïk¨
Z_v, nv`xm KLb-Kxfv‡e DrcwË nq Zvi AbymÜvb, evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ weKvk Kxfv‡e N‡U Zvi
AbymÜvb, evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi
gva¨gmg~‡ni aib I cÖK…wZ AbymÜvb, evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYv AbymÜvb, evsjv fvlvq Dm~j I
wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©vi BwZe„Ë AbymÜvb, evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi Ae`v‡bi
g~j¨vqb BZ¨vwì mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© A‡bK M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ, MÖš’, Awfm›`f© evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
G mKj M‡elYv †_‡K AwR©Z Ávb I mxgve×Zvmg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K eZ©gvb M‡elYvK‡g©i jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨mg~n
wbe©vPb Kivi †ÿ‡Î mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015) M‡elYvKg©wUi AvbygvwbK GKwU mvaviY jÿ¨ I K‡qKwU we‡kl
D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m Av‡jv‡K BZtc~‡e© evsjv fvlvq nv`xm mswkøó wewfbœ
wel‡qi Dci cwiPvwjZ M‡elYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨mg~n Z_v M‡elYv cÖeÜ, M‡elYv MÖš’, Gg.wdj I
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© BZ¨vw` ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015) wk‡ivbv‡g
G hver †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q g‡g© mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| ZvB G M‡elYvwU G‡Kev‡iB bZzb nIqvq
mivmwi mvwnZ¨ cvIqv bv †M‡jI GZ`& mswkøó AbywgZ we‡kl D‡Ï‡kï mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨mg~n ch©v‡jvPbvi
AvIZvf~³ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mKj M‡elYvKg© †_‡K AwR©Z Ávb I mxgv×Zvmg~‡ni Av‡jv‡K
eZ©gvb M‡elYvi P~ovšÍ jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY I M‡elYv k~b¨Zv c~i‡Yi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi evYx, KvR I †g․bm¤§wZ meB nv`xm wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G nv`xm wel‡q Bgvg gvwjK
(in.) msKwjZ ÔgyqvËvÕ weï×Zv I myweb¨¯ÍvZvi w`K †_‡K me©cÖ_g cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’|8 Gi avivevwnKZvq
cieZx©‡Z iwPZ I msKwjZ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ avivi eû nv`xm MÖš’| Avi nv`xmweÁv‡bi hvPvB-evQvB KiY I
weï×Zv wbY©‡qi cw_K…Z Bgvg kvwdC (in.) [g„.204wn.] me©cÖ_g Zuvi ÒwKZveyi wimvjvnÓ MÖ‡š’ nv`x‡mi
cwifvlv welqK AwfÁv‡bi Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib|9 cieZx©‡Z nv`xm PP©vi (Dm~j) g~jbxwZ I nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm wb‡q ÔDj~gyj nv`xmÕ bv‡g m¦Zš¿fv‡e eû MÖš’ iwPZ nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq G wel‡q
wewfbœ fvlvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK g~jëvb cÖeÜ I MÖš’| AZtci Aviex I Ab¨vb¨ fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvq
Ab~w`Z I msKwjZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK nv`xm welqK MÖš’| G fvlvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi wewfbœ w`K
wb‡q eû cÖeÜ, MÖš’ I M‡elYv Awfm›`f©| wb‡¤œ M‡elYv mswkøó evsjv fvlvq iwPZ mvwnZ¨mg~n‡K PviwU
¯Í‡i web¨¯Í K‡i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv- 1. M‡elYv cÖeÜ, 2. M‡elYv MÖš’, 3. Gg.wdj Ges 4.
wcGBP.wW. w_wmm|
8 gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx (in.), nv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, XvKv: Gg`vw`qv cy¯ÍKvjq (cÖv) wj.,cybgy`ªY-2008, c„. 82;
(cieZx©‡Z G MÖš’wUi m~Î D‡jø‡Li †ÿ‡Î ïay MÖš’vKv‡ii bvg ÒgvIjvbv AvRgxÓ eëüZ n‡e|)
9 Bgvg LZxe Avj-evM`v`x (in.), Avj-wKdv‡qZz wd Bjwgi wiIBqvn, g`xbv gybvIivn: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bjwgq¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 145
15
nv`xm welqK M‡elYv cÖeÜ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨

AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, gynv¤§` AwjDi ingvb iwPZ evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ m¤úwK©Z
me©cÖ_g ÒwiRvj kv¯¿ I Dm~jyj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYv cÖeÜ 1962 mv‡j Rvbyqvwi-gvP© msL¨vq
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi •ÎgvwmK M‡elYv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq| G wel‡q 1969 mv‡j D³ cwÎKvi (Rvby. -
gvP©) msL¨vq kvqL Avãyj nK w`njvfx (in.) iwPZ ÔDm~jyj nv`xmÕ Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` Av`gyÏxb KZ©…K
evsjvq Ab~w`Z nq|
1999 mv‡j W. gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng` I W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` KZ©…K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ Òbexhy‡M
nv`x‡mi wjLb cÖm‡½Ó cÖeÜwU D³ cwÎKvi (Rvbyqvwi-gvP©) msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ nq|10 G‡Z bex hy‡M nv`xm
wjwLZfv‡e msiÿ‡Yi wewfbœ aib I c×wZi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY G‡m‡Q| G Qvov 2003 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ W.
gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb Zvi Ònv`xm-Gi cwiPq, cwifvlv I cÖKvi‡f`: ch©v‡jvPbvÓ 11 kxl©K M‡elYv
cÖe‡Ü nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cwiwPwZ I †kÖwYweb¨vm we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| 2001 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ W.
Aveyj evivKvZ †gvt dviæK iwPZ Ònv`xm kix‡di msiÿY I Gi evPb‣kjxÓ 12 kxl©K M‡elYv cÖe‡Ü
nv`xm msiÿY I Gi evPb fw½ wb‡q we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Bmjv‡gi cÂg Lwjdv bv‡g L¨vZ
nhiZ Igi Beb Avãyj Avhxh (in.) miKvwifv‡e me©cÖ_g nv`xm msMÖ‡ni D‡`¨vM MÖnY cÖm‡½ 2002
mv‡j W. †gvt †jvKgvb †nv‡mb ÒcÂg Ljxdvi nv`xm msMÖnvwfhvb: cÖ‡qvRb I c`‡ÿcÓ 13 kxl©K M‡elYv
cÖeÜwU iPbv K‡ib|
1993 mv‡j W. †gvt Ave`ym mvjvg iwPZ cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb I µgweKvkÓ
kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi •Îgvwm‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| GKB cwÎKvq 1999 mv‡j W.
iwdK Avng` I gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn KZ©„K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ Òe½xq gymwjg mgv‡R nv`xm wkÿvÓ 14 kxl©K
M‡elYv cÖeÜwU cÖKvwkZ nq| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi cÖvYcyiæl kvn& Iqvjx Djøvn †`njex (in.)
Gi nv`xm PP©vi Ae`vb cÖm‡½ †gvt bvwQi DÏxb I Avãyj gyËvwje 2001 mv‡j Òkvn& Iqvjx Djøvn †`njex
(i:) nv`xm PP©vq GK KvjRqx e¨w³Z¡Ó15 kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
2000 mv‡j W. gynv¤§` AvdvR DÏxb KZ©„K iwPZ ÒBjgyj gymZvjvn: nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKwU Acwinvh©
Abyl½-‡KvlÓ16 kxl©K GKwU M‡elYv cÖeÜ `„wó‡MvPi nq| D³ cÖe‡Üi GKB welqe¯‘ wfbœ wk‡ivbv‡g
2003 mv‡j W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb KZ…©K Ònv`xm-Gi cwiPq, cwifvlv I cÖKvi‡f`: ch©v‡jvPbvÓ17
kxl©K M‡elYvg~jK GKwU cÖeÜ iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| Z‡e wØZxq cÖeÜwU Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwifvlv I
nv`x‡mi †kÖwY web¨v‡mi Dci Zzjbvg~jK AwaK Z_¨mg„× iPbv wn‡m‡e cÖZxqgvb nq| 2007 mv‡j
ÒAvjøvgv Beb nvRvi ÔAvmKvjvbx (852 wn.) : ÔBjgyi-wiRv‡j Zuvi Ae`vbÓ18 kxl©K Aveyj ûmvBb †gvt
byiæj Bmjvg I b~i †gvnv¤§` KZ…©K iwPZ GKwU M‡elYv cÖeÜ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ûeû GKB wk‡ivbv‡g 2009
10 W. gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng` I W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, cÖeÜ m~Px BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv: M‡elYv wefvM, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k,2012wLª., c„.18
11 W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKvi 43 el©, 1g msL¨v, RyjvB-‡mÞ¤î 2003 wLª.
12 W. Aveyj evivKvZ †gvt dviæK, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR (cvU©-G), Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L. 10,
msL¨v. 1, wW‡m¤î 2001 wLª.
13 W. †gvt †jvKgvb †nv‡mb, w` BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR (cvU©-G) Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L. 10, msL¨v.
2, Ryb 2002 wLª.
14 W. iwdK Avng` I gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb M‡elYv cwÎKvi, 38 el©, 4_© msL¨v, GwcÖj-Ryb-1999
15 †gvt bvwQi DÏxb I Avãyj gyËvwje, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR, Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L. 10g, ms. 1,
wW‡m¤î-2001
16 W. gynv¤§` AvdvR DÏxb, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKv, Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L. 8, ms.
2, Ryb 2000 wLª.
17 W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, 43 el©, 1g msL¨v, RyjvB-‡mÞ¤î 2003 wLª.
18 Aveyj ûmvBb †gvt byiæj Bmjvg I b~i †gvnv¤§`, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L.
14k, ms. 1, wW‡m¤î 2007 wLª.
16
mv‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elYv cwÎKvq GKwU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq; hv
D³ wefvMxq Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb I †kL †gvnv¤§` •Zqeyi ingvb KZ…©K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ
cÖeÜ| Zv‡ì iwPZ Dfq cÖe‡Ü Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbxi Rxebx Ges Zvi wiRvj (ivex PwiZ) wel‡q iwPZ
wek¦weL¨vZ PviwU MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
2000 mv‡j ÒBmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ívi I Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (i:)Ó 19 kxl©K GKwU
M‡elYv cÖeÜ †gvt gqbyj nK I †gvt bvwQi DÏxb †h․_fv‡e iPbv K‡ib| Zviv G‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vq gvIjvbv AvRgxi Ae`vb Ges Zvi wkÿv ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi †h․w³KZv Zz‡j a‡ib|
nv`xm welqK M‡elYv MÖš’ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨
20
1989 mv‡j AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx ms¯’vi Av‡qvR‡b wkKv‡Mv‡Z Òmybœvni AvBbMZ gh©v`vÓ wel‡q
wek¦e‡iY¨ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` Rvw÷m gynv¤§` Z¡vKx Dmgvbx †h cÖeÜ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib ZviB e„nËi cwimi G
MÖš’wU| GwU bex (mv.) Gi nv`xm ev mybœvni •ewkó¨, ÿgZv, Gi AvBbMZ gh©v`v I gvb`Ð m¤ú‡K© †g․wjK
Z_¨g~jK GKwU MÖš’| G MÖ‡š’ †jLK hyw³-ZK© Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g AZ¨šÍ PgrKvifv‡e nv`xm ev mybœvni
weavbMZ gh©v`v cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb|
1989 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK G. Gg. Gg. wmivRyj Bmjvg (in.)
Ab~w`Z ÒBmjvgx kixqv I mybœvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq; hvi g~j †jLK W.
gy¯Ídv ûmbx Avm-myevqx (in.)| wZwb 1918 mv‡j wgm‡ii Avj-AvRnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi kixqvn wefvM
†_‡K (Avm-mybœvn Iqv gvKvbvZznv dxZ Zvkixwqj Bmjvgx) wk‡ivbv‡g wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm I nv`xm m¤ú‡K© cvðv‡Zï cwÐZ‡ì mskqev`x aviYv LÐb Ges Gi cÖvgvwYKZv
eY©bvB G MÖ‡š’i g~j cÖwZcv`¨|
1990 mv‡j wgmixq cwÐZ, wewkó BmjvwgK ¯‥jvi, KvZvi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi kwiqvn I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
Abyl‡ì Wxb cÖ‡dmi W. BDmyd Avj-Kvihvfx iwPZ Òmybœvni mvwbœ‡a¨Ó21 MÖ‡š’ †jLK mybœvn ev nv`xm
Dc¯’vc‡b fvimvg¨ I AvaywbKZvi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`v‡b Zvi wecyj cvwÐZ¨ I AwfÁZvi ¯^vÿi †i‡L‡Qb|
gymwjg‡ì ev¯Íe Rxe‡b D™¢~Z wewfbœ Bmy¨‡Z kixqvi HwZn¨c~Y © Ávb cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Zvi hyw³ ALÐbxq|
G‡Z wZwb nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f‡ì e¨vL¨vq m„ó gZ‡f` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv c~e©K `~e©j nv`xmmg~‡ni mgm¨v
cixÿv K‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ G¸‡jvi AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv ¯úó K‡i‡Qb| G Qvov •`bw›`b Rxe‡b mybœvni
eënvi‡K mnR Kivi hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb|
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi AvMgb cÖm‡½I †ekwKQy M‡elYv K‡g©i AbymÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ G
wel‡q 1955 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§` GQnvK
(in.) Gi wcGBP.wW. w_wmm ÒIndia’s Contribution to the study of Hadith Literature” cÖKvwkZ nq|
AZtci 1993 mv‡j BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k ÒBj‡g nv`x‡m fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ae`vbÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g D³ MÖš’wUi evsjv Abyev` cÖKvk K‡i| G MÖš’wU Dcgnv‡`kxq Ijvgv‡ì nv`xm PP©vi Ae`v‡bi
GKwU cÖvgvY¨ `jxj| G M‡elYvKg©wU m¤úvw`Z bv n‡j nqZ ev nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cÖvPxb fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
(Z_v mvnivbcyi I `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cÖvwZôvwbK hvÎvi c~‡e©i kvn Iqvjx Djøvn I Avngv`
mviwn›`x gyRvwÏ` Avjwd mvbx ch©šÍ gynvwÏme„‡›ì) nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`v‡bi K_v gymwjg we‡k¦i Kv‡Q
ARvbvB †_‡K †hZ|
19 †gvt gqbyj nK I †gvt bvwQi DÏxb, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR, Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (M‡elYv cwÎKvi), L.8, 2q msL¨v,
Ryb 2000 wLª.
20 Rvw÷m gynv¤§` ZvwK Imgvbx, cÖ‡dmi W. ingvb nvwee Ab~w`Z, mybœvni AvBbMZ gh©v`v, XvKv: evsjv‡`k Bbw÷DU Ae BmjvwgK
_Ü (weAvBAvBwU),2014 wLª.
21 W. BDmyd Avj-Kvihvfx, cÖ‡dmi nvQvby¾vgvb Ab~w`Z, (g~j: KvBdv bvZÔAvgvj gvÔAv Avm-mybvœ n), mybœvni mvwbœ‡a¨, XvKv:
evsjv‡`k Bbw÷DU Ae BmjvwgK _Ü (weAvBAvBwU), 2015wLª.
17
nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj w_wmm

eZ©gvb M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡gi me‡P‡q KvQvKvwQ Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv Avãyi inx‡gi Ae`vbÓ
kxl©K GKwU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq; hv 2005 mv‡j Bwei Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Gg.wdj M‡elK †gvnvt bvwmi DÏxb iPbv K‡ib| Zvi GB 261 c„ôvi Awfm›`‡f©i gvÎ
07 c„ôvq gvIjvbv Avãyi inx‡gi Ônv`xm kixdÕ bvgK msKwjZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i K…Z ch©v‡jvPbv‡K Ôevsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv Avãyi iwngÕ Gi Ae`vb wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡gi
mv‡_ Awfm›`‡f©i welqe¯‘ AwaKvskB AcÖvmw½K, †Kvb wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv; GgbwK G‡Z byb¨Zg
†Kvb M‡elYv c×wZi QvcI cwijwÿZ nqwb|
2007 mv‡j Bwei Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK †gvnv¤§` gvmyg wejøvn ÒwnRix wØZxq
kZ‡K nv`xm msMÖn I msKj‡b gynvwÏmM‡Yi c×wZmg~nÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Gg.wdj w_wmm iPbv K‡ib| G Qvov
2013 mv‡j Gg.wdj M‡elK gynv¤§` Lwjjyi ingvb Òe„wUk c~e© gymwjg kvmbvg‡j e‡½ nv`xm PP©v (1201-
1757)Ó wel‡q Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i Xvwei Aviex wefvM †_‡K Gg.wdj wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| 2011 mv‡j
Xvwei Aviex wefv‡Mi Gg wdj M‡elK gynv¤§` gvKQz`yj nK Òwbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbx (i.) Gi nv`xm mvabv
: cÖK…wZ I •ewkó¨Ó kxl©K Awfm›`‡f© kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbx Rxeb I evsjv‡`‡k
Avwjqv avivq gynvwÏm m„wó‡Z wZwb Abb¨ mvaviY e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
nv`xm welqK wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©

1998 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi ÒwiRvj kv¯¿ I Rvj nv`x‡mi BwZe„ËÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb KZ„K iwPZ M‡elYv
Kg©| ïiæ‡Z f~wgKvq nv`x‡mi Dm~j m¤úwK©Z cÖ‡qvRbxq Av‡jvPbv‡šÍ cÖ_g L‡Ði g‡a¨ Rvj nv`xm cÖm‡½
wØZxq L‡Ð wiRvj kv¯¿ cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq DwjøwLZ wel‡q GwU GKwU
bZzb ms‡hvRb|
nv`xm wel‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ MÖš’gvjvi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi m¤úwK©Z †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv
†Zgb †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z nqwb| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©vi cÖwZôvb, PP©vKvixMY I wewfbœ
fvlvq iwPZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i eY©bv wbf©i 2000 mv‡j PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW.
M‡elK W. Avnmvb mvB‡q` iwPZ Òevsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvkÓ wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvKg©wU
G¨vWY© cvewj‡KkÝ XvKv †_‡K 2006 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| D³ MÖš’wU‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmv I wewfbœ
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi GKwU wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Z‡e eZ©gvb M‡elYvwU ïay evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v m¤úwK©Z
nIqvq Zv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z D³ MÖš’wUi AwfÁZv †ek Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q|
2007 mv‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gvnvg¥` Ggvivb
†nv‡mb iwPZ ÔwnRix PZy_© I cÂg kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi cÖK…wZ I aviv : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
GKwU Awfm›`f© iwPZ K‡ib| cÖvq GKB wel‡q 2012 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg, AveŸvmxq hy‡M (200-300 wn.) nv`xm PP©v : GKwU
mgxÿv wk‡ivbv‡g Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡ib|
2007 mv‡j Bwei Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK Aveyj †nvmvBb †gvt
byiæj Bmjvg iwPZ ÒBjgyi wiRv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Avwjg m¤úª`v‡qi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K Awfm›`‡f©i
g~j cÖwZcv`¨ mgv‡jvwPZ ivex welqK MÖš’vejx h_v- Kvbhyj gvIhyÔAvZ Iqvh hyqvdv I wKZeyh hyÔAvdv
Iqvj gvZiƒKxb Ges mvaviY gynvwÏm I ivex‡ì Dci iwPZ ey¯Ívbyj gynvwÏmxb, AvmgvDi wiRvj BZ¨vw`
MÖš’vejx cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡jI evsjv‡`kx Ijvgv‡ì Ae`vb cÖm½ ¯’vb cvqwb|
18
2007 mv‡j ÔAvjøvgv kvIKvbx (i.) I Bj‡g nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU Bwei Avj nv`xm GÛ
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK †gvt AvKZvi †nv‡mb KZ©„K iwPZ wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©| 2008 mv‡j
Xvwei BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb iwPZ ÒkvqL Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.):
nv`xmkv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wcGBP.wW. w_wmm Ges GKB wk‡ivbv‡g Bwei Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK KvRx bvmxiæÏxb Avng` KZ©…K 2010 mv‡j Gg.wdj w_wmm iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
2008 mv‡j Bjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK †gvnv¤§v` wLwRi
Avng` Rvdix ÒkvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbx : Bj‡g nvw`‡m Zvui Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g
wcGBP.wW. w_wmm iPbv K‡ib| Bjwg nv`x‡m kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) Gi
Ae`vb we‡klZ: Zvi iwPZ wek¦weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’ ÔBjvDm mybvbÕ Gi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
2009 mv‡j Bwei Avj nvw`m GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK gynv¤§` Awj Djøvn& iwPZ
ÒBjgyj nv`x‡m I Bjgy gy¯Ívjvwnj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk : GKwU we‡kølYÓ kxl©K Awfm›`‡f©i g~j
cÖwZcv`¨ Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv Z_v Bjgy Mixwej nv`xm, Bjvwjj nv`xm, bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv
gvbmywLwn, gyLZvjvwdj nv`xm, AvZivwdj nv`xm, ZvLwiwRj nv`xm, Rvinv IqvZ ZvÔ`xj, wiRvjyj nv`xm,
gvIRyqvZzj nv`xm cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`xm I gymZvjvûj
nv`xm PP©vi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ fviZxq I evsjv‡`kx nv`xmwe`MY I Zv‡ì iwPZ MÖš’vejxi mswÿß
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2013 mv‡j Xvwei Aviex wefv‡M Ònv`xmkv¯¿ wel‡q m„ó mskq : msKjb, gZb I ivfx cÖm½Ó kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU W. G we Gg wQwÏKzi ingvb wbRvgx Gi ZË¡veav‡b KvDQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn KZ©„K
cwiPvwjZ M‡elYv Kg©| G M‡elYvq AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi mv‡_ nv`x‡mi gZb (nv`x‡mi g~j e³e¨), ivex
(nv`xm eY©bvKvix) I nv`xm msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î DÌvwcZ mKj Awf‡hvM `jxj wfwËK I hyw³c~Y© fvlvq LÐb
Kiv n‡q‡Q; d‡j nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv h_v_©fv‡e cÖwZfvZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gvt iæûj Avgxb Lv‡bi Òevsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿveë¯’vq Bj‡g nv`xm PP©v (1971-
2009) : mgm¨v I mgvavbÓ welqK M‡elYv Kg©wU Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv †_‡K 2014 mv‡j
m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ïay gvìvmv wkÿvq nv`xm PP©v m¤úwK©Z wKwÂZ aviYv cvIqv †M‡jI Zv‡Z G
wkÿveë¯’vq nv`xm PP©vi cÖK…Z wPÎ D‡V Av‡mwb| Zv Qvov ¯‥zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©v
m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvi k~Y¨Zv †_‡KB †M‡Q|
2014 mv‡j Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gvt
ZvRyj Bmjvg iwPZ Ònv`xm PP©vq mb‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I evsjv‡`‡k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Gi ev¯ÍeZv :
GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K Awfm›`‡f© evsjv‡`‡ki KIgx aviv I Avwjqv wkÿveë¯’vi wm‡jev‡mi AvswkK
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jI e¯‘Z Zv wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq| mb` ch©v‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I nv`xm
PP©vq mb‡ì wbf©iZv wb‡q wKQzUv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jI G †`‡k KLb Kxfv‡e †Kv_v †_‡K †Kvb nv`xm
MÖ‡š’i mb` Kviv enb K‡i wb‡q G‡m‡Qb Zvi weeiY Av‡jvwPZ nqwb|
2014 mv‡j Xvwei BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gvt †gvi‡k` Avjg Ònv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq
evsjv‡`kx gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb (1971-2012)Ó kxl©K Awfm›`‡f©i g~j cÖwZcv`¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmv I
gynvwÏmM‡Yi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z_vwc Zv‡ZI mKj avivi nv`xm wkÿv‡K›`ª I
nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`v‡bi AcÖZzjZv jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q|
2015 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK †gv. ewki DwÏb ÒBgvg
Avey nvbxdv (in.) I nv`xmkv¯¿Ó kxl©K Awfm›`‡f© Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi nv`xmkv‡¯¿ Ae`vb cÖm‡½
ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb GKRb gynvwÏm, nvwdRyj nv`xm, Rvin-ZvÔ`x‡ji Bgvg Ges Zuvi msKwjZ ÒwKZveyj
AvmviÓ me©cÖ_g mnxn nv`xm msKjb e‡j M‡elK `vex K‡i‡Qb|
19
2019 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi Gg wdj M‡elK Avãyj evix Iqv`y`x Ònv`xm PP©vq
Avjøvgv AvwRRyj nK I gydZx Avgxgyj Gnmv‡bi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K Awfm›`‡f© DwjøwLZ L¨vwZgvb cwÐZØ‡qi
evsjv‡`‡ki weL¨vZ KIgx I Avwjqv avivi `yBRb hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e mKj Avwj‡gi wbKU cwiwPZ I
mgv`„Z| wVK GKB wel‡q 2008 mv‡j Bwei `vIqvn GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi M‡elK †Mvjvg
†gvi‡ZvRv Òevsjv‡`‡k Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq kvqLyj nv`xm AvwRRyj nK (i.) Gi Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g
wcGBP.wW. w_wmm iPbv K‡ib| D‡jøL¨, ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv †M‡Q †h, ûeû GKB wk‡ivbvg I welqe¯‘ wb‡q
†ek K‡qKwU Awfm›`f© I cÖeÜ cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q; hv M‡elK I M‡elYv ZË¡veavq‡Ki `~i`„wó I
M‡elYvKg©‡K cÖkœwe× K‡i|
ch©v‡jvPbvK…Z mvwn‡Z¨ M‡elYvi bZzb †ÿÎ AbymÜvb
eZ©gvb M‡elYvwU G‡Kev‡iB bZzb nIqvq Gi AbywgZ we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mswkøó DwjøwLZ mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi
cÖ_‡g nv`xm m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †LvuRvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q nv`xm KLb, Kxfv‡e DrcwË nq I
†Kb nv`xm PP©v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| AZtci evsjvfvlx‡ì Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e nv`x‡mi AvMgb I weKvk N‡U; evsjv
fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ iwPZ nv`xm PP©v m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨mg~n AbymÜvb I wePvi we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK I Ab¨vb¨ gva¨gmg~‡ni aib-cÖK…wZ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨mg~n AbymÜvb
Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z (wewfbœ cÖwZôvb) Avwjqv-KIgx gvìvmv, ¯‥zj-K‡jR, cvewjK-cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vjq
ch©v‡q Ges (wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨g) wcÖ›U wgwWqvq (cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKx), B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqvq (†eZvi I
†Uwjwfkb), A¨vcwj‡Kkb, I‡qemvBU I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvMgva¨g wfwËK evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v wel‡q
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYvK‡g©i mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| ZvB G mKj M‡elYv k~b¨Zvq KvR Kivi
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|
G Qvov evsjv fvlvq K…Z nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYvi Dci A`¨vewa †Kvb AbymÜvbg~jK M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z
nqwb| Zv Qvov nv`xm welqK M‡elYv cÖeÜ I MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbvi Dci †Kvb M‡elYvg~jK Kg© `„wó‡MvPi
nqwb| ZvB G welqwU G‡Kev‡iB bZzb GKwU AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri †ÿÎ| evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I
wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©vi welqwUI A‡bKUv bZzbB ejv P‡j| KviY ÒwiRvjkv¯¿ I Rvj nv`x‡mi BwZe„ËÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© Qvov evsjv fvlvq G wel‡q †Zgb †Kvb M‡elYvg~jK K‡g©i mÜvb cvIqv hvq bv|
Avi DwjøwLZ w_wm‡mI evsjv fvlvq G wel‡qi †Kvb KvR ev MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv D‡jøL †bB| evsjvfvlx
cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏmM‡Yi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb Ges Zv‡ì iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx m¤úwK©Z
mvwnZ¨mg~n AbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G AbymÜvb mswkøó DwjøwLZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi g‡a¨ A‡bKB eZ©gvb
M‡elYvi mv‡_ fvlv I †`k-Kvj wfbœ nIqvi Kvi‡Y m¤ú„³ bq| Zv Qvov nv`xmMÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbv welqK
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’i mÜvb cvIqv hvq; hv‡ZI i‡q‡Q bvbv mxgve×Zv|
g~jZ: AbywgZ we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ mswkøó mvwnZ¨mg~‡ni Ávb I `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q eZ©gvb M‡elYv‡K
ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L iƒc`vb Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ch©v‡jvPbv K…Z mvwnZ¨mg~‡ni †Kv_vq `~e©jZv i‡q‡Q
ZvI wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges eZ©gvb M‡elYvi mdjZvi Rb¨ KiYxq wVK Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gfv‡e mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g eZ©gvb M‡elYv‡K mg„× I ev¯Íem¤§Z Kivi mev©Z¥K cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L
M‡elYvwU‡K Kvw•ÿZ j‡ÿ¨ †cu․Qv‡bv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q|
M‡elYvi cÖkm
œ g~n
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi DrcwË, µgweKvk, aib, cÖK…wZ I •ewkó¨ BZ¨vwì wewfbœ w`K ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv
eZ©gvb M‡elYvi g~j D‡Ïk¨| G Qvov evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v m¤úwK©Z B‡Zvc~‡e© m¤úvw`Z wewfbœ M‡elYv
MÖš’ I Awfm›`‡f©i mvwnZ¨mg~‡ni wbweo ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i G‡ì `~e©j w`Kmg~n wPwýZ K‡i eZ©gvb
M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvwUi †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc
Kiv DwPZ Zv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi wfwË‡ZB M‡elYvwU cwiPvwjZ Kivi wbwgË M‡elYv mswkøó
†g․wjK cÖkœmg~n wbev©Pb Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: Aviex fvlvq nv`xm mvwn‡Zï DrcwË I Avie‡ì nv‡ZB
20
Zv weKvk mvwaZ nq| Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂ‡j †cu․Qvi mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`xmkv¯¿ †m AÂ‡ji
fvlvq Abyev` mvwnZ¨ avivq Zv PwP©Z nq| GiB avivevwnKZvq Aviex fvlvi nv`xm mvwnZ¨ evsjv fvlvq
iƒcvšÍi N‡U| KLb Kxfv‡e evsjv fvlvq Zv PP©v ïiæ nq; Ab~w`Z nv`xm mvwn‡Zï †g․wjKZv KZUv Aÿybœ
i‡q‡Q, nv`x‡mi G fvlvšÍ‡ii d‡j g~j e³‡eï g‡a¨ †Kvb n«vm-e„w× N‡U‡Q Kx-bv, G fvlvq Zv †Kvb
†Kvb gva¨‡g PP©v n‡”Q, †Kvb M‡elYvKg© G fvlvq m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Kx-bv, G fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Kviv
Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb BZ¨vw` wRÁvmv m¤ú‡K© e¯‘wbô Ávb AvniY eZ©gvb M‡elYvi mywbw`©ó jÿ¨| wb‡¤œ G
M‡elYvi g~j cÖkœmg~n D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
1. nv`xm KLb I Kxfv‡e DrcwË nq Ges evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi Kxfv‡e weKvk N‡U?
2. evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ †Kgb?
3. evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aib I cÖK…wZ †Kgb?
4. evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ wel‡q †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Kx bv?
5. evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv KZUyKz?
6. evsjv fvlx nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb KZUzKz?
M‡elYvi †gŠj cÖZ¨qmg~n

†h †Kvb M‡elYvK‡g©i Rb¨ welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| M‡elYvi welq m¤ú‡K© my¯úó
aviYv bv _vK‡j M‡elYvKg©wU myôfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB M‡elYvi mv‡_ mswkøó cÖZ¨qmg~‡ni
†h․w³KZv I Gi cwiwa e¨vL¨v Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v
(1952-2015)Ó| DwjøwLZ M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ ‡h PviwU cÖZ¨q mswkøó †m ¸‡jv n‡”Q-
K) nv`xm
L) PP©v (nv`xm)
M) evsjv fvlv
N) (1952-2015)
wb‡¤œ DwjøwLZ M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg mswkøó cÖZ¨q mg~‡ni e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv-
K. nv`xm
nv`xm (‫ ) ـد ـث‬GKwU Aviex cwifvlv| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”Q, bZzb, bZzb e¯‘, †Kv‡bv msev`, †Kv‡bv
K_v ev evYx I cyivZ‡bi wecixZ BZ¨vw`| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi K_v, Kg©, †g․bm¤§wZ I Zuvi hveZxq
¸Yvejx‡K ‫ ـد ـث‬ejv nq|22 wKš‘ Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi cwifvlvq, gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi beyqZ
cieZ©x Rxe‡bi mg~`q gyLwbm„Z evYx, Kg©, mg_©b, Aby‡gv`b Ges Zuvi PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx GgbwK RvMÖZ I
wbw`ªZ Ae¯’vq Zuvi MwZwewa cÖf„wZ ‫ ـد ـث‬Gi AšÍf©y³| G QvovI nv`xm e¨vcK A_©‡evaK Ggb GKwU
kã hv ivm~j (mv.), mvnvex I ZvweCM‡Yi evYx, Kg© I †g․bm¤§wZ‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i|23
L. PP©v (nv`xm)
KziAv‡bi c‡iB nv`x‡mi Ae¯’vb| KziAvb Bmjv‡gi cÖ`xc ¯Í¤¢, nv`xm Gi we”QywiZ Av‡jvK iwk¥|
Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁvb RM‡Z KziAvb †hb ürwcÐ, Avi nv`xm GB ürwc‡Ði mv‡_ mshy³ agbx| agbx †hgb
cÖwZwbqZ i³‡mªvZ cÖevwnZ K‡i kix‡ii A½ cÖZ¨½‡K m`v m‡ZR I mPj iv‡L, wVK †ZgbB nv`xm PP©vi
gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi wbfy©j e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i Bmjvg bvgK Rxebeë¯’v‡K mPj-mRxe, cvjb‡hvM¨ Ges
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvB Bmjvgx kixqv‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx K‡i mPj ivL‡Z nv`xm PP©v Ab¯^xKvh© f~wgKv
22 hvdi Avng` Dmgvbx, gyKvÏvgvn BjvBm mybvb, L.1, KivPx: Avj gvKZvevZzm mvDw`q¨vn, Zv:we:, c„. 19
23 gydZx mvBwq` Avgxgyj Bnmvb, gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi Ab~w`Z, gxhvbyj AvLevi, XvKv: wbD Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªix, 1992 wLª., c„. 6
21
cvjb K‡i| hwÌ c„w_ex‡Z AMwYZ fvlvq nv`xm PP©v nq; wKš‘ eZ©gvb M‡elYvq nv`xm PP©v ej‡Z evsjv
fvlvq (1952-2015) ch©šÍ nv`xm PP©v‡K mxgve× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
M. evsjv fvlv
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ mv‡o wZb nvRv‡ii Ici fvlv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ evsjv GKwU HwZwn¨K mg„× fvlv|
fvlvfvlx RbmsL¨vi w`K w`‡q evsjv c„w_exi PZz_© e„nr gvZ…fvlv| evsjv‡`‡ki Awaevmx‡ì gvZ…fvlv
evsjv| eZ©gvb c„w_ex‡Z cÖvq cuwPk †KvwU †jv‡Ki gy‡Li fvlv evsjv| Gi g‡a¨ cÖvq wek †KvwU gymwjg;
hviv evsjv fvlvq K_v e‡jb| Zv‡ì wbKU evsjv fvlvq gnvbex (mv.) Gi evYx †cu․Qvi aib I cÖK…wZ
†Kgb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Kv‡Q †Kvb gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi evYx †cu․‡P‡Q Zv AbymÜvb Kivi j‡ÿ¨B G M‡elYv|
KviY c„w_exi BwZnv‡m hZ msL¨K bex-ivm~‡ji Avwef©ve N‡UwQj Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gvZ…fvlvq a‡g©i `vIqvZ
w`‡q‡Qb| Avi me©‡kl bexi evsjv fvlx D¤§Z wn‡m‡e evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ Zuvi evYx¸‡jv evsjv fvlvq
fvlvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g †cu․Qv‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z Zviv ü`q½g Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB eZ©gvb M‡elYvi e¨vcKZvi cÖwZ
jÿ¨ †i‡L evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015) kxl©K M‡elYvi cwiwa evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq wewfbœ
gva¨‡g PwP©Z nv`x‡mi g‡a¨B mxgve× ivLv n‡q‡Q|
N. 1952-2015 mvj
M‡elYvi welqe¯‘ mywbw`©ó nIqv Avek¨K| ZvB eZ©gvb M‡elYvi welq †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v|
welqUv‡K mywbw`©ó Kivi m¦v‡_© (1952 †_‡K 2015 ch©šÍ) mgq‡K wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖkœ DV‡Z cv‡i
evqvbœ‡K †Kb wba©viY Kiv n‡jv? Rev‡e Gfv‡e ejv hvq †h, 52 Gi mv‡_ evsjvi GKwU AvwZ¥K m¤úK©
i‡q‡Q; KviY 1952 GK HwZnvwmK mvj| G evqv‡bœi fvlv Av‡›`vj‡b gvZ…fvlv evsjv iÿvi jovB‡q
ivRavbxi ivRc_ i³¯œvZ n‡qwQj| fvlvi Rb¨ AvZ¥`v‡bi `„óvšÍ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Avi wØZxqwU †bB|
ZvB evsjv fvlvi mv‡_ 1952 mvjwUB AwaK hyw³hy³| Avi 2015 mv‡j eZ©gvb M‡elYvi wel‡qi
wk‡ivbvg P~ovšÍfv‡e avh© nIqvq (1952-2015) mgqmxgv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
M‡elYvi cwiwa
eZ©gvb M‡elYv Awfm›`‡f©i cwiwa wZbwU †ÿ‡Î mxgve× _vK‡e| cÖ_gZ: nv`x‡mi msÁv I cwiPq,
Bmjvgx kixq‡Z nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I cÖvgvwYKZv, nv`x‡mi DrcwË, nv`xm msiÿY, PP©v,
msKjb, MÖš’e× Ki‡Yi ¯^Y©hyM m¤^‡Ü mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| wØZxqZ: fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm
PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi DrcwË I µgweKvk we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g G fvlvi nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`vb I nv`xm PP©vi gva¨gmg~n Ges nv`xm PP©vi aib-cÖK…wZ
AbymÜvb Kiv n‡e| Z…ZxqZ:Òevsjv fvlvq nvw`m PP©v (1952-2015)Ó kxl©K wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi gva¨‡g
1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj (eZ©gvb 2021 mvj) ch©šÍ mgqKv‡j evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿
welqK m¤úvw`Z mKj KvR Ges cÖv°wjZ mg‡q nv`xm PP©vi avivevwnKZv i¶vi Rb¨ BZtc~‡e© m¤úbœ
GZ` msµvšÍ M‡elYvKg©I Awfm›`‡f© AšÍfy©³ n‡e| wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡ki evwn‡i evsjv fvlvq m¤úvw`Z G
m¤úwK©Z †Kvb Z_¨ G w_wm‡mi AšÍf©y³ n‡e bv| AZGe, Dch©y³ welqvw` n‡e cÖ¯ÍvweZ M‡elYvi
cwiwafz³|
M‡elYvi †hŠw³KZv
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvKg©wU GKwU bZzb M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î; KviY
B‡Zvc~‡e© GB wk‡ivbv‡g †Kvb M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q g‡g© mÜvb cvIqv hvq bv| G Kvi‡Y
cÖv_wgKfv‡e welqwU `„wó‡MvPi nq| Zvic‡i AbymÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Lv ‡M‡Q, 1952 mv‡ji c~‡e© evsjv
fvlvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Zgb eo ai‡bi †Kvb nv`xm MÖš’ Ab~w`Z nqwb| Aciw`‡K cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e cVb-
22
cvV‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI evsjvi eënvi †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv wQj bv| g~jZ: evqv‡bœi HwZnvwmK fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi
ci †_‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi †MvovcËb nq| GKvËz‡ii gnvb gyw³ msMÖv‡gi ga¨w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv
AR©‡bi ci ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi D‡b¥l N‡U| ch©vqµ‡g Avwki `k‡K G‡m evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm cVb-cvVb I Aa¨vcbv Ges nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni Abyev`, e¨vL¨v KiY Ges beŸB‡qi `k‡K G‡m
e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xmMÖš’mg~‡ni Abyev`Kg© ïiæ nq| GiB avivevwnKZvq wmnvn wmËvnmn eo eo nv`xm
MÖš’mg~‡ni Abyev` I e¨vL¨v KiY Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| A_P nv`xm PP©vi aib-cÖK…wZ I gva¨g wb‡q
†Zgb †Kvb M‡elYvKg© cÖwZqgvb nq bv| Z‡e nv`xm PP©vKvix cÖwZôvb I nv`xm PP©vKvixM‡Yi Ae`vb wb‡q
wKQz wKQz M‡elYv `„k¨gvb n‡jI Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡g G hver †Kvb
M‡elYv K‡g©i AbymÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| nv`xm PP©v welqK eZ©gvb M‡elYvwU mdjfv‡e m¤úv`b Kiv †M‡j
nv`xm KLb I Kxfv‡e DrcwË nq; evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv; evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ M‡elYv
welqK Awfm›`f© ch©v‡jvPbv; evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i aib-cÖK…wZ I •ewkó¨ Zz‡j aivi gva¨‡g
Gi gv‡bvbœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ mswkøó mKj‡K Kvh©Kix c`‡ÿc MÖn‡Y D‡`¨vMx n‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| we‡klZ:
GKB nv`xmMÖš’ wewfbœ cÖKvkbx †_‡K gvbnxbfv‡e A‣ea eëmvqxK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g bKj gy`Yª I
evRviRvZ Ki‡Y Gi †fv³v‡ì gv‡S fzj Ávb Qwo‡q co‡Q| hv we‡klÁ gnj‡K fvwe‡q Zzj‡Q| ZvB
G¸‡jv M‡elYv wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgvavb †LuvRv Avek¨K| G Qvov evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi
†ÿ‡Î evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| ZvB Zv‡ì Ae`vbmg~n D‡b¥vPb, evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Yi c`‡ÿcmg~n AbymÜvb Ges Dchy©³ wewea cÖvmw½K Kvi‡Y G wel‡q
M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv LyeB hyw³ m½Z, cÖvmw½K I GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨
Avj-nv`xm wek¦kvwšÍi Rxeb `k©b| G kvwšÍgq Rxeb `k©b evsjv fvlx‡ì gv‡S Dc¯’vcb, PwP©Z nv`xm
MÖš’mg~‡ni e½vbyev‡ì aib-cÖK…wZ, fvlvMZ mejZv-`~e©jZv Zz‡j aiv, †Kvb †Kvb gva¨‡g Zv PwP©Z nq, G
welq mswkøó M‡elYv Kx cwigv‡b n‡q‡Q, KvivB ev G wel‡q Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zv AbymÜvb KivB eZ©gvb
M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨| G Qvov Av‡jvP¨ Awfm›`‡f© nv`xm I nv`x‡mi DrcwË Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi
DrcwË I µgweKvk, evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I m¤úvw`Z nv`xmMÖš’mg~‡ni aib I cÖK…wZ wePvi, cÖvwZôvwbK
nv`xm PP©vi •ewkó¨, wewfbœ gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi ¯îƒc D‡b¥vPb, G mKj wel‡q M‡elYv I AbymÜvb KivB
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi D‡Ïk¨| DcwiD³ Dcv`vbmg~n Rvbevi AvMÖn †_‡KB eZ©gvb
M‡elYvi mvaviY I we‡kl D‡Ïk¨mg~n wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ : evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv Ges Gi Dbœq‡b ÎæwU we”PzwZmg~n AbymÜvb
Kiv|
we‡kl D‡Ïk¨ : †h mKj we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ eÿ¨gvY wk‡ivbv‡gi M‡elYvq AvZœwb‡qvM, Zv n‡jvÑ
 nv`xm KLb Kxfv‡e DrcwË nq Zv Rvbv;
 evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvkaviv m¤ú‡K© AbymÜvb Kiv;
 nv`xm wel‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ Ges cÖKvwkZ MÖš’gvjvi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi Kiv;
 evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ gva¨g I cÖvwZôvwbK avivi aib I cÖK…wZ AbymÜvb I
we‡kølY Kiv;
 B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq m¤úvw`Z nv`xm welqK M‡elYv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv;
 evsjv fvlvq (Dm~jyj nv`xm) nv`xmkv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ we‡køl‡Yi cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc DrNvUb
Kiv;
 evsjv fvlvq wiRvj kv¯¿ Z_v nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì RxebvPvi eY©bvi aib we‡kølY Kiv;
23
 evsjv fvlv fvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß Rxebx I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì
Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv;
 evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aviv‡K AviI mg„× Kivi j‡ÿ¨ AwaKZi Kvh©Ki I cÖfveK
†K․kj D™¢veb Kiv|
M‡elYvi c×wZmg~n
M‡elYv n‡”Q ZË¡vwì we‡kl AbymÜvb; ZË¡v‡š^lY| M‡elKMY †h Dcv‡q Zuv‡ì AbymÜvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib
Zv‡K M‡elYv ejv nq|24 cÖK…Z A‡_© M‡elYv n‡jv •eÁvwbK GKwU Kjv; hv Avwe®‥vi, weKvk I hvPvB-
evQvB‡qi GKwU cÖqvm| GwU Ggb GKwU eyw×`xß cÖwµqv hv kZ mnmª eQ‡i weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvi
c×wZ, cÖwµqv I KvVv‡gv mZZ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ j¶¨ memgqB Awfbœ †_‡K‡Q| Avi Zv n‡”Q,
m‡Zï mÜv‡b wbqgZvwš¿K cÖ‡Póv|
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡gi Awfm›`f©wU Kjv I mvgvwRK weÁvb Abyl`f~³
GKwU M‡elYvKg©| GwU evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v wel‡q Av`¨cvšÍ D‡b¥vPb Kivi j‡¶¨ cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q|
welq-e¯‘i `vex Abyhvqx Kb‡mcPzqvj †d«BgIqvK© MVb K‡i M‡elYvKg©wU m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖm½Z:
ZvwË¡K KvVv‡gv GB wel‡q G‡Kev‡iB Abycw¯’Z| †h‡nZz GB wk‡ivbv‡g †Kvb cÖv_wgK M‡elYv A`¨vewa
m¤cbœ nqwb, ‡m‡nZz welqwUi Dci ¸YMZ M‡elYv KivUv A‡bKUvB †h․w³K| Zv‡Z welqwUi cwiwa wKQzUv
we¯Í…Z n‡q D‡V| G‡Z †¶Î we‡k‡l msL¨vMZ M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv wQj ev¯Íe m¤§Z| ZvB Òevsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó M‡elYvwU ¸YMZ I msL¨vMZ M‡elYvi aib eënvi K‡i m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q;
hv‡K wgkª c×wZ ejv nq| Z‡e wmsnfvM †ÿ‡ÎB ¸YMZ c×wZi AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB c×wZ
wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKUv hyw³ nj, ¸YMZ M‡elYvi aib eënvi Ki‡j M‡elYvwU cwiPvjbv Kiv mnR nq
Ges welqwU m¤c‡K© Zx²fv‡e `„wó †Ìqv m¤¢e nq; hv‡Z g~j welqwUi Mfxi †_‡K ch©v‡jvPbv D‡V Av‡m|
Avevi msL¨vMZ c×wZ eënvi Ki‡j A‡bK we¯Í…Z welq m¤c‡K© mí mg‡q A‡bKUv m‡Zï KvQvKvwQ
†cu․Qv hvq, hv M‡elYvi †g․wjK D‡Ïk¨¸wji GKwU| ZvB `yB c×wZi wgkªY NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
GB Awfm›`‡f©i M‡elYv c×wZ nj welqe¯‘ we‡kølY I Rwic c×wZ| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ wn‡m‡e
WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f© I mv‡f© c×wZ Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ msMÖn Kivi mg‡q hv‡Z †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ ev` bv
hvq †mw`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z †PKwj÷ I wmwWDj‡K Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni gva¨g wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz
welqwU M‡elYvi †¶‡Î G‡Kev‡iB bZzb ZvB †m¤cwjs Kivi mg‡q myweavgZ †m¤cwjs eënvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G QvovI mv‡f© Kivi mg‡q wm¤cj †iÛg †m¤cwjs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z msL¨vMZ Z_¨
msMÖn Kiv hvq| AskMÖnYKvixi msL¨vi †¶‡Î weMZ 20 eQ‡ii M‡elYv Kg©‡K aiv n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi mg‡q Zv‡Z mxgve× _vKv hvqwb, †Kbbv mv¤cÖwZK mvwnZ¨ GB wel‡q G‡Kev‡i AcÖZzj|
G QvovI †g․wjK wKQz cÖ‡kœi DËi AbymÜv‡b KL‡bv Bmjv‡gi cÖviw¤¢K BwZnvm, KL‡bv ga¨hyM Ges
KL‡bv AvaywbK hy‡Mi M‡elYv K‡g© g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
Z_¨mg~n‡K cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi mg‡q eY©bvg~jK I msL¨vg~j‡Ki wgkªY NUv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q, hwÌ Zv
Lye †ewk Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| †Kbbv AwaKvsk Z_¨B wQj ¸YMZ| ZvB eY©bvg~jK Z_¨B †ewk Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| M‡elYvwU cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK Dfq ai‡bi Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| Z_¨¸‡jv‡K
bw_fz³ Kivi mg‡q msL¨vq I e¨vL¨vg~jK eY©bvq wPÎvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gva¨wgK Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ Drm
†_‡K msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q †hgb- †g․wjK MÖš’, M‡elYv Awfm›`f©, mvgwqKx, cÎ-cwÎKv, B›Uvi‡bU-eøM
BZ¨vw`| cÖv_wgK Z_¨¸‡jv‡KI msMÖn Kivi mg‡q msL¨v I e¨vL¨vg~jK `„wófw½i Av‡jv‡K msMÖn Kiv
24 W±i gynv¤§` Gbvg~j nK, wkecÖmbœ jvwnox I ¯^‡ivwPl miKvi, evsjv GKv‡Wgx eënvwiK evsjv Awfavb, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
wW‡m¤î 2000, c„: 343
24
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cwiwgZ ev‡RU, Rbej I mg‡qi Afv‡e myweavRbK †m¤cwjs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †g․wjK
MÖš’¸‡jvi †¶‡Î Aviex fvlv cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q wKš‘ evsjv fvlvqI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖ‡š’i mÜvb wg‡j‡Q| ZvB
Aviex-evsjv Dfq fvlvq cÖKvwkZ †jLv¸‡jvi wmsnfvM mvnvh¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq wjwLZ
MÖš’ivwRi ¯^í gvÎvi AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó kxl©K
cÖ¯ÍvweZ Awfm›`f© iPbvq Aa¨vq wfwËK Abym„Z M‡elYv c×wZ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
wØZxq Aa¨vq
Ònv`xm PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvkÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Aa¨vqwU iPbvq M‡elYvi ¸YMZ aib eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
KviY GLv‡b msL¨vMZ we‡kølY gyL¨ bq| eY©bvi gva¨‡gB †Kej M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ c~iY m¤¢e| ZvB G
Aa¨v‡q M‡elYvi c×wZ wn‡m‡e welqe¯‘ we‡kølY‡K wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b we‡køl‡Yi gva‡g¨B †Kej
†g․wjK Ávb D‡V Avm‡e †h, nv`xm KLb wKfv‡e DrcwË n‡q‡Q| Áv‡bi gnv ivR¨ †_‡K me¸‡jv gy³v
†hgb AvniY Kiv GKRb gvby‡li c‡¶ m¤¢e bq, †Zgwb †P․ÏkZ eQ‡ii Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡mi me¸‡jv
nv`xm welqK M‡elYv Kg©‡KI GKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e bq| d‡j mí mg‡q mwVK Z_¨vw` wb‡q
Avmvi Rb¨ GB M‡elYvq Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni gva¨g wn‡m‡e WKy‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f©‡K evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡f©i
gva¨‡g D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e ïay †mB mKj M‡elYvKg© I MÖš’‡K wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv hyM‡kÖô I Kvj
Rqx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× jvf K‡i‡Q| GLv‡b cÖwm× ej‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ó bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K †LuvRv nqwb;
eis nv`xm wel‡q GKv‡WwgK RM‡Z evsjv I Aviex fvlvq †h¸‡jv cÖwm× wn‡m‡e PwP©Z n‡q Avm‡Q
†m¸‡jv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB `ye©jZv‡K KvwU‡q DVvi Rb¨ Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ wn‡m‡e †PKwjó •Zwi
Kiv n‡q‡Q, hvi gva¨‡g g~jZ †m me M‡elYv¸‡jv wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q hvi gv‡S nv`x‡mi DrcwË I
µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †hgb: gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx KZ…©K evsjv fvlvq iwPZ
Ònv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvmÓ Ges Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx KZ…©K Aviex fvlvq cÖYxZ ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓ| GB
KvRwU‡K M‡elYvi fvlvq ejv nq †m¤cwjs| GB Aa¨vq‡K web¨vm Ki‡Z eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q me©‡gvU
45wU MÖš’| Zb¥g‡a¨ Aviex †_‡K 30wU Ges evsjv †_‡K 15wU| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †¶‡Î e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwi,
mnKg©x, eÜz-evÜe I wkÿv_x©‡ì eB, mswkøó cvewjK wek¦we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡eªwimg~n, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi jvB‡eªwi, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb jvB‡eªwi, Avj-Avivdv Bmjvgx e¨vsK jvB‡eªwi,
evsjv GKv‡Wgx jvB‡eªwi, cvewjK jvB‡eªwi, `viæb-bvRvZ wmwÏKxqv Kvwgj gvìvmv jvB‡eªwi, XvjKvbMi
gvìvmvi gvKZvev, evsjv evRvi †_‡K µq Kiv eB I B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K msMÖn Kiv A‡bK¸‡jv wcwWGd
wQj Z‡_ï †g․wjK Drm| G QvovI A‡bK¸‡jv BmjvwgK eøM †_‡KI Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡q
†Kvb Bs‡iwR fvlvq wjwLZ M‡elYvKg© eënvi Kiv nqwb| KviY Aviex fvlvq †h cwigvY †g․wjK
M‡elYvKg© cvIqv hvq Zv‡Z GB wel‡q Bs‡iwR Abyev`¸‡jv‡K hy³ Ki‡j Z‡_ï cybive„wË nq| ZvB
D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e Bs‡iwR‡K ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b cwi‡”Q` wefvR‡bi cÖ_g hyM : wnRix cÖ_g
kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi Drm, DrcwË, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v, mvnvex I
cÖexY ZvweC‡ì hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v; Zvici wØZxq hyM : wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v Ges
Z…Zxq hyM : wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx n‡Z cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ mswÿß cwim‡i GKUv cwi¯‥vi aviYv Dc¯’v cb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z„Zxq Aa¨vq
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk avivÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨vqwU m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q M‡elYvi ¸YMZ aib
eënvi K‡i| welqe¯‘ we‡kølY c×wZ n‡jv GB wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi Z_¨ DÑvU‡bi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK
me‡P‡q KvQvKvwQ c×wZ| nv`xm PP©vi aviv g~jZ Kv‡ji cvjve`‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`x‡mi DrcwË I
µgweKv‡ki cwiµgvq evsjvq fvlvšÍi ch©šÍ my`xN© 1400 eQ‡ii BwZnvm| ZvB GB e¨vcv‡i BwZnvm
MÖ‡š’i AvwaK¨ M‡elYvi e¨vcv‡i MÖš’ evQvB‡q mgm¨vi m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB mgm¨v‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨
25
WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f©i gva¨‡g 50wU MÖš’‡K evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| myweavgZ †m¤cwjs eënvi K‡i †PK wj‡÷i
gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, evsjv‡`k I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v
BZ¨vw` DcvË¸‡jv †PKwj‡÷i K‡›U›U wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB †PKwj‡÷i Kvi‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv
MÖ‡š’i mvwe©K Avevi A‡bK¸‡jv MÖ‡š’i AvswkK evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ weMZ wek erm‡ii M‡elYv‡K
j¶¨ K‡i †m¤cwjs ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q, Z_vwc †Kvb †Kvb mg‡q ZviI Av‡Mi mg‡q P‡j †h‡Z n‡q‡Q; KviY
G mg‡qi g‡a¨ eZ©gvb wel‡q iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jv mKj †ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK Drm wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvq bv| GB
Aa¨vqwU‡K mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q eY©bvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i K‡i; hv Øviv nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm‡K dzwU‡q
†Zvjv n‡q‡Q| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm weKv‡ki mgq I BwZnvm, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v I weKvk Kvj
Ges evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©vi my`xN© BwZnvm m¤c‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡qi
GKwU we‡kl w`K n‡”Q, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ nv`x‡mi weKvk hv eZ©gvb M‡elYv‡K Abe`¨ K‡i‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡qi
Rb¨ Aviex, evsjv, Bs‡iwR I D`~© fvlvi MÖš’ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ B›Uvi‡bU, wewfbœ M‡elYv
mvgwqKx, I‡qemvBU I G¨vcm †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ †bIqv n‡q‡Q, Z_vwc GB Aa¨v‡q †g․wjKMÖš’ AwaK ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© Aa¨vq
Òevsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nv`xmMÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePviÓ m¤úwK©Z G Aa¨vqwU‡K mvZ fv‡M wef³
K‡i wZbwU K¨vUvMwi‡Z (K. evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx; L. evsjv‡`‡k evsjv
fvlvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖš’vejx; M. evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi fvl¨MÖ‡š’i Abyev`) Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e©i
Aa¨v‡qi b¨vq GLv‡bI msL¨vi †P‡q ¸YMZ we‡kølYB gyL¨ weavq M‡elYvi ¸YMZ aib eëüZ n‡q‡Q|
evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nv`xmMÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ AbymÜv‡bi mgqKvj aiv n‡q‡Q 1950 †_‡K 2021
ch©šÍ GB 7 mvZ `kK‡K| 1952 mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK iwPZ, msKwjZ,
e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’¸‡jv 7wU `k‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb `k‡K Kx cwigvb nv`xm
PwP©Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi µge„w×i nvi AbymÜvb Kiv m¤¢e nq| GB 70 eQ‡ii KvR‡K welqe¯‘ we‡kølY
c×wZ‡Z †PKwj÷ eënvi Øviv WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f©i gva¨‡g m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, mv‡f©i gva¨‡g
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvq me¸‡jv MÖš’B we‡køl‡Yi AvIZvq P‡j G‡m‡Q| GB Z_¨vbymÜv‡bi †ÿ‡Î gvV ch©v‡q Z_¨
msMÖn Ki‡Z wM‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨vwaK¨ M‡elYvi MÖš’ evQvB‡q †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v m„wó K‡i‡Q| G
Qvov 50-60-70-80 `k‡Ki MÖš’ivwR Lye GKUv Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e W. Avnmvb mvB‡q¨` cwiPvwjZ
Òevsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi DrcwË I µgweKvkÓ M‡elYv Ges Avj-nv¾¡ Avãyi iv¾vK KZ…©K Òevsjv fvlvq
Bmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨ MÖš’cwÄÓ MÖš’ G wel‡qi Z_¨ mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨vqwU‡K eY©bvg~jK c×wZ‡Z Z_¨
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi •ewkó¨, aib I cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j
evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ nv`xm welqK MÖš’ivwR ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G¸‡jvi •ewkó¨vejx
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg †_‡K ¯úó †h, G wel‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-
msKwjZ MÖš’ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡ki ev fvlvi MÖš’ eënvi Kiv nqwb|
cÂg Aa¨vq
Òevsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©vÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G Aa¨vqwU m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q M‡elYvi ¸YMZ
aib eënvi K‡i| welqe¯‘ we‡kølY c×wZ n‡jv GB wk‡ivbv‡gi M‡elYvi Z_¨ DÑvU‡bi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK
me‡P‡q KvQvKvwQ c×wZ| nv`x‡mi weï×Zv hvPvB‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ AwZ
cÖvPxb AwfÁvb| KviY wØZxq wnRixi gvSvgvwS mg‡q g~jZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ D™¢ve‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxZv †`Lv †`q| ZvB ejv hvq, G kv¯¿ Ø‡qi DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki cwiµgvq evsjvq fvlvšÍi ch©šÍ
my`xN© cÖvq 1200 erm‡ii BwZnvm| d‡j GB e¨vcv‡i mswkó BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i msL¨vwaK¨ M‡elYvi e¨vcv‡i
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MÖš’ evQvB‡q AšÍivq m„wó K‡i‡Q| GB mgm¨v‡K DËi‡Yi Rb¨ WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f©i gva¨‡g 10wU MÖš’‡K
evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| myweavgZ †m¤cwjs eënvi K‡i †PK wj‡÷i gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†PKwj÷¸‡jv nj, Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ GB †PKwj‡÷i Kvi‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv MÖ‡š’i mvwe©K Avevi
A‡bK¸‡jv MÖ‡š’i AvswkK evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ weMZ 50 eQ‡ii M‡elYv‡K j¶¨ K‡i †m¤cwjs ïiæ
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Z_vwc †Kvb †Kvb mg‡q ZviI Av‡Mi mg‡q P‡j †h‡Z n‡q‡Q; KviY G mg‡qi g‡a¨ eZ©gvb
wel‡q iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jv mKj †ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK Drm wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv hvqwb| GB Aa¨vqwU‡K mvRv‡bv
n‡q‡Q eY©bvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i K‡i, hv Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©vi BwZnvm‡K dzwU‡q
†Zvjv n‡q‡Q| Aviex fvlvq iwPZ †g․wjK MÖš’mg~n †_‡K evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©vi
BwZnvm m¤c‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ mswkøó Aviex I evsjv MÖš’ eënvi
Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ B›Uvi‡b‡U cÖvß Z_¨, wewfbœ M‡elYv mvgwqKx, I‡qemvBU †_‡K †bIqv n‡q‡Q Z_vwc
GB Aa¨v‡q †g․wjKMÖš’ AwaK ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô Aa¨vq
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I gva¨g: aib I cÖK…wZÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨vqwU wgkª c×wZ
eënvi K‡i mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q; KviY cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z eZ©gv‡b wK cwigvb nv`xm PP©v nq, †Kvb fvlvq nq
Zv ïaygvÎ ZvwË¡K ev mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mgvß Ki‡j D‡V Av‡m bv| Ab¨ w`‡K eZ©gvb mg‡qi nv`xm
PP©vi †¶‡Î cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq; hv M‡elYvwU‡Z D‡b¥vPb bv
Kiv n‡j cwic~Y©Zv cvq bv| ZvB ¸YMZ ai‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ we‡kølY Avi msL¨vMZ ai‡bi Rb¨ mv‡f©
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni c×wZ‡Z WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f© Avi mv‡f© eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni gva¨g
wn‡m‡e †PKwj÷ Avi wmwWDj eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m¤cwjs‡qi mg‡q myweavgZ †m¤cwjs Kiv n‡q‡Q
¸YMZ ai‡bi Rb¨ Avi msL¨vM‡Zi Rb¨ wm¤cj †iÛg †m¤cwjs eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv
fvlvq PwP©Z nv`xm welqK G¨vcm, I‡qe mvBU Ges mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g, wcÖ›U I B‡jKUªwbK
wgwWqvq nv`xm PP©vi aib-cÖK…wZ D`NvU‡bi Rb¨ Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vi aib m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ G‡m‡Q eY©bvi gva¨‡g|
mßg Aa¨vq
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYvÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aa¨vqwU m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q M‡elYvi ¸YMZ aib
eënvi K‡i| welqe¯‘ we‡kølY c×wZ ev Kb‡U›U GbvjvBwmm n‡jv GB wk‡ivbv‡gi M‡elYvi Z_¨
DÑvU‡bi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK me‡P‡q KvQvKvwQ c×wZ| G ch©v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki †h mKj wek¦we`¨vj‡q evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj Ges wcGBP.wW. M‡elYv Kiv‡bv nq Ges wWwMÖ †Ìqv nq; †m mKj
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mswkøó wefv‡M wWwMÖ jv‡fi wbwgË iwPZ M‡elYv Awfm›`f©¸‡jv‡K Gi AvIZvf~³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Ges RMbœv_
wek¦we`¨vj‡q D³iƒc M‡elYv m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªwi Ges mswkøó
wefv‡Mi †mwgbvi jvB‡eªwii msMÖn †_‡K WKz‡g‡›Ukb mv‡f©i gva¨‡g 90wU Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.
Awfm›`f©‡K evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q| myweavgZ †m¤cwjs eënvi K‡i †PK wj‡÷i gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ †PKwj÷ wn‡m‡e evsjv fvlvq iwPZ mswkøó Gg.wdj Ges wcGBP.wW.
Awfm›`f©¸‡jv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ †m¤úwjs Gi †ÿ‡Î 1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ mgq‡K
wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q; Z_vwcI †h․w³K Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ †ÿÎ we‡k‡l P‡j Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q; †h‡nZz
¯^vaxbZvc~e© mswkøó wefvM hy³ wZbwU wek¦we`¨vjq wQj Ges ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi cÖwZwôZ wek¦we`¨vjq mg~‡n
mswkøó wel‡q M‡elYv wej‡¤^ ïiæ n‡q‡Q, ZvB eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ Z_¨ LyuR‡Z n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨vqwU‡K
mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q eY©bvi wfwËK Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb K‡i, hv‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v mswkøó M‡elYv Kg©mg~‡ni
27
ev¯Íe Ae¯’v dz‡U I‡V; †hLv‡b Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©¸‡jvi iPbvc×wZ, welq mswkøó `~e©jZv, h_v_©Zv I
¯^v_©KZv m¤c‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v wk‡ivbv‡gi M‡elYvwU
†h‡nZz GB cÖ_g Ges G‡Kev‡iB bZzb, ZvB GB Aa¨v‡qi GKwU we‡kl •ewkó¨ n‡”Q, eZ©gvb welq mswkøó
AcÖKvwkZ M‡elYv Awfm›`f©¸‡jv‡K wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i M‡elK‡ì m¤§y‡L Db¥y³ Kivi GKUv cÖqvm
Pvjv‡bv; hv‡Z fwel¨r M‡elKM‡Yi mvg‡b G wel‡q bZzb M‡elYvi `¦vi Db¥³ nq|
Aóg Aa¨vq
Òevsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß cwiPq I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vbÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi ¸YMZ aib eënvi K‡i G Aa¨vqwU m¤cbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Kb‡U›U GbvjvBwmm n‡jv
GB wk‡ivbv‡gi M‡elYvi Z_¨ DÑvU‡bi Rb¨ Zzjbvg~jK me‡P‡q wbKUeZx© c×wZ| G QvovI wewfbœ
cÖwZôv‡b mdi K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi Awdwmqvj Z_¨vbymÜvb, myweavgZ †m¤cwjs eënvi K‡i †PK wj‡÷i
gva¨‡g 50 Rb we‡lkÁ e¨w³e‡M©i mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi wfwË‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i Aa¨vqwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
weMZ 70 eQ‡ii cÖwm× evsjvfvlx gynvwÏmMY‡K j¶¨ K‡i †¯œvej †UKwb‡Ki gva¨‡g †m¤cwjs ïiæ Kiv
n‡q‡Q, KviY evsjv‡`‡k hv‡ì Dci wfwË K‡i nv`xm AvMgb K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì †_‡K AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx
nv`xmwekvi` m„wó n‡q‡Q| GB Aa¨vqwU‡K mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q eY©bvi gva¨‡g Z_¨ mvwR‡q; hvi gva¨‡g
nv`xmwekvi‡ì mswÿß Rxebx I Ae`vb‡K Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ì g‡a¨ hviv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v
Ki‡Qb I Zv‡ì †_‡K A‡bK nv`xmwekvi` m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK iPbv i‡q‡Q
Zv‡ì‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì Rxebv‡jL¨ I Ae`vb AbymÜv‡b Kv‡iv mivmwi mvÿvrKvi MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q, Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© cvwievwiK ev ¯’vbxq Zv‡ì NwbôR‡bi Z_¨ wKsev mswkøó †jL‡Ki iPbv I Zvi
m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ Aviex, evsjv MÖš’ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨ wewfbœ M‡elYv
mvgwqKx, I‡qemvBU †_‡KI †bIqv n‡q‡Q| Z_vwc GB Aa¨v‡q Awdm †iKW© (cÖvPxb gynvwÏm hv‡ì
nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbvKvjxb mswkøó cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖvß Z_¨) I (nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbvKvjxb ev cieZx©‡Z mswkøó
cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ) cÖvwZôvwbK ¯§vi‡Ki Z_¨ Ges we‡kl mvÿvrKvi (†dvbvjv‡c, B-†gBj, Bgy,
†g‡mÄvi I cÎ‡hv‡M BZ¨vw`) ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv
c„w_ex‡Z †Kvb gvbyl KLbB mxgve×Zvi E‡aŸ© Ges ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bq| †Kbbv †Kvb bv †Kvb w`K w`‡q Zvi
NvUwZ †_‡KB hvq| ZvB †Kvb M‡elYvKg©B kZfvM cwic~Y©Zvi `vex`vi n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY †h †Kvb
M‡elYvq wKQz bv wKQz mxgve×Zv _v‡K| we‡klZ eZ©gvb M‡elYvwUi †ÿ‡Î my`xN© mgq (1952-2015) I
¯’v‡bi (†MvUv evsjv‡`k) e¨vcKZv; Aciw`‡K i‡q‡Q w_wmm Rgv`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mg‡qi evaëvaKZv| G w`K
we‡ePbvq †`Lv hvq, G M‡elYvwUI mxgve×Zvi E‡aŸ© bq| ZvB wb‡¤œ eZ©gvb M‡elYvi mxge×Zv¸‡jv
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
 eZ©gvb M‡elYvi DcvË¸‡jv cÖv_wgK (Primary) I gva¨wgK (Secondary) ch©v‡qi Drm †_‡K
msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK DcvËmg~n mivmwi gvV Rwic Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb M‡elYvi gvV
Rwi‡ci Ab¨Zg †ÿÎ n‡”Q nv`xm welqK cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb I nv`xmwekvi` e„›`| ZvB nv`xm welqK
eB LyuR‡Z cÖKvkbv cÖwZôv‡b wM‡q bvbv ai‡bi weo¤^bvq co‡Z n‡q‡Q| †hgb- mswkøó eB Qvcv eÜ
nIqv, cÖKvkK‡ì AwZgvÎvi eëmvwqK gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y mgq `v‡b A¯^xK…wZ; wKsev cÖKvwkZ
MÖ‡š’ gy`Yª †kl n‡q hvIqvi Kvi‡Y GKvwaK evi Zv‡ì Øvi¯’ n‡Z n‡q‡Q| Aciw`‡K
nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi A‡b‡Ki mv‡_ †dvb K‡i mvÿv‡Zi mgq wba©viY Kivi c‡iI e¨¯ÍZvi Kvi‡Y
Zv‡ì mvÿvr cvIqv hvqwb; wKsev wba©vwiZ mg‡q Zvi †dvb wiwmf K‡ibwb, d‡j mvÿvr ewÂZ n‡q
wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡q‡Q; Zv‡Z A_© I mgq DfqB AcPq n‡q‡Q|
28
 AcÖKvwkZ nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© AbymÜvb Ki‡Z †h‡Z n‡q‡Q †`‡ki
wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mswkøó wefvM I †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªwi¸‡jv‡Z| wek¦gq K‡ivbv Kvjxb fqven
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wek¦we`¨vjq eÜ _vKvq jvB‡eªwi¸‡jvI eÜ wQj| ZvB GLv‡b we‡kl Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡ÿ
KvR Ki‡Z A‡bK †eM †c‡Z n‡q‡Q| KLbI evi evi †h‡Z n‡q‡Q| †ÿÎ we‡k‡l AbymÜv‡bi
wel‡qi ZvwjKv cvIqv †M‡jI w_wmm Ly‡uR cvIqv hvqwb|
 eZ©gvb M‡elYvi welqwU bZzb nIqvq Ges mgRvZxq M‡elYv bv _vKvq welqwU `vuo Kiv‡Z †ek
wngwkg †L‡Z n‡q‡Q|
 G Qvov mvÿvrKvi MÖnY I Z_¨ msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î mswkøó e¨w³eM© I cÖwZôv‡bi KvQ †_‡K AwaKvsk
mgq Kvw•ÿZ Z_¨ mn‡hvwMZv cvIqv hvqwb; †ÿÎ we‡k‡l evi evi wM‡qI Z_¨ D×v‡i e¨_© n‡Z
n‡q‡Q|
 gva¨wgK (Secondary) ch©v‡qi DcvË msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡ÎI cÖ‡qvRbxq I D‡Ïk¨ wfwËK Z_¨ cÖvwß‡Z
mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q| †h Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©, gvìvmv Awa`ßi, Bmjvwg Aviwe
wek¦we`¨vjq, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, wewfbœ cvwjK wek¦we`¨vj‡qi jvB‡eªwi, †edvKzj
gv`vwim (KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©), wewfbœ miKvix-‡emiKvwi Awdm, Rvb©vj, cÎ-cwÎKv, BZ¨vw`
†_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q| A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †m mKj Z_¨vwì mwVKZvi e¨vcv‡i cy‡ivcywi wbwðZ
nIqv hvqwb| †`Lv †M‡Q, GKB Z_¨ wewfbœ Dr‡m wewfbœ iKg| hv M‡elYvi cÖvß djvd‡ji mv‡_
m¤úwK©Z Ki‡Z Kó mva¨ n‡q‡Q|
 G M‡elYvq DcvË msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ cÖvq Qq gv‡mi AwaK mgqe¨vcx Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡jI A‡bK
welq Am¤ú~Y© g‡b n‡q‡Q; hv cieZx©‡Z A‡bK Kó K‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv
n‡q‡Q| Gi c‡iI msM„nxZ Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© wKQzUv Am¤ú~Y©Zv †_‡K †h‡Z cv‡i|
 G M‡elYvKg©wU e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ nIqvq †Kvb miKvwi wKsev †emiKvwi ms¯’v ev
D‡`¨vM³v‡ì cÿ †_‡K †Kvbiƒc A_©‣bwZK mn‡hvwMZv cvIqv hvqwb| d‡j mviv‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ
mKj nv`xm I nv`xm mswkøó MÖš’vewj Ges Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vewj msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
 Zv Qvov GKwU M‡elYvKg© mdjfv‡e m¤úv`b Ki‡Z ch©vß Rbej Acwinvh©| Avi eZ©gvb M‡elYvi
†ÿÎ †MvUv evsjv‡`k nIqvq Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn Ki‡Z †h cwigvb Rbej cÖ‡qvRb wQj Zvi h‡_ô
NvUwZ wQj|
 GKwU gvbm¤úbœ M‡elYvKg© cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ kZfvM M‡elYv c×wZ AbymiY Kiv Avek¨K|
wKš‘ †ek wKQz mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb M‡elYvq A‡bK †ÿ‡Î myweavgZ c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q| KviY mKj Z_¨ GKmv‡_ bv cvIqv, KLbI Z_¨ cÖvwßi `~‡f©vM, Avevi Aa¨vq mgvß Kivi
ci Z_¨ cvIqv, GK Aa¨vq GK Aa¨vq K‡i †kl bv K‡i mKj Aa¨vq KvR Kiv BZ¨vw` wQj Ab¨Zg
mxgve×Zv|
 G QvovI mywbw`©ó mg‡q Awfm›`f© Rgv `v‡b evaëvaKZv _vKvq mviv‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ mKj nv`xm I
nv`xm mswkøó MÖš’vejx Ges Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨vejx G mí mg‡q R‡ov Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB mímg‡q
wÿcÖMwZ‡Z M‡elYvKg©wU †kl Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| d‡j G‡Z Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I wKQz ÎæwU-wePy¨wZ †_‡K †h‡Z
cv‡i|
Dch©y³ mgm¨v¸‡jv we`¨gvb _vKv m‡Ë¡I Av‡jvP¨ M‡elYvKg©wU‡K m¤§vwbZ ZË¡veavq‡Ki cÖMvp cvwÐZ¨-
wePÿYZv, cÖZ¨ÿ wb‡`©kbv, wbweo ch©‡eÿY I M‡el‡Ki HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póv Ges M‡elYvi mv‡_ mswkøó
e¨w³e‡M©i ¯^Z:ù~Z© mn‡hvwMZvi d‡j GKwU mg„× M‡elYvK‡g© iƒc`v‡bi cÖvYcb †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
fwel¨r M‡elYvq GwU mnvqK wn‡m‡e f~wgKv ivL‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
29
Aa¨vq web¨vm
eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg©wUi Aa¨vq web¨v‡m M‡elYv cÖ¯Ívebvi Av‡jv‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e nv`xm PP©vi weKvkgvb aviv
we‡klZ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi µ‡gvbœwZ Z_v nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb, Abyev`, fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbv, cÖvwZôvwbK
KiY, M‡elYv I D”PZi M‡elYv, evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`vb BZ¨vwì wfwË‡Z M‡elYvKg©wU
wb‡¤œv³ KvVv‡gv‡Z wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g Aa¨vq: M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ wbixÿY, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvi
cUf~wg, cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, M‡elYvi cÖkœmg~n, M‡elYvi †g․j cÖZ¨qmg~n, M‡elYvi †h․w³KZv,
M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨, M‡elYvi c×wZ, M‡elYvi mxgve×Zvmg~n Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq Aa¨vq: nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, DrcwË I µgweKvk aviv Aa¨v‡q nv`xm k‡ãi cwiwPwZ; wnRix cÖ_g
kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v, AZtci wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v, nv`xm msKj‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi hyM, wnRix
cÂg kZK Ges Z`cieZx© hy‡M nv`xm PP©vi mswÿß eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvkavivi AbymÜv‡b fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges
nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PPv©i weKvk; evsjv fvlvi mswÿß BwZnvm I G fvlvq nv`xm PP©v; evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PPv© (1952-2015) eZ©gvb ch©šÍ Gi avivevwnKZv ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi wk‡ivbv‡g 50 Gi `kK
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gvb ch©šÍ `kK wfwËK evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx; Ab~w`Z
nv`xm MÖš’vejx Ges e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖš’ivwRi Abyev‡ì ¯îƒc, aib I cÖK…wZ m¤úwK©Z ch©v‡jvPbv
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©v G‡Z cÖ_gZ: Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, Gi DrcwË I weKvk; evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xm PP©v, evsjv fvlvq cÖYxZ Dm~jyj
nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xm welqK cÖwm× MÖš’vejxi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I cÖPvigva¨g: aib I cÖK…wZ m¤úwK©Z Aa¨v‡q cÖ_gZ
cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv©; wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v; evsjv fvlvq A¨vcwj‡Kkb wfwËK
nv`xm PP©v, evsjv fvlvq I‡qe mvBU wfwËK nv`xm PP©v Ges wewfbœ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi
ev¯Íe wPÎ AbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mßg Aa¨vq: evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYvi ch©v‡jvPbvq wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿
wel‡q Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.w_wmm; M‡elYv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ G welqK cÖeÜ ch©v‡jvPbv; evsjv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nv`xm welqK M‡elYv K‡g©i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aóg Aa¨vq: evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß cwiPq I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì
Ae`vb wk‡ivbv‡g evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ avivi (Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq) wkÿvcÖwZôvb †_‡K evQvBK…Z
cÖvq GKkZ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi‡ì mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vbmg~n
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| mvwe©K cvh©v‡jvPbv I M‡elYvi djvdj, mycvwikgvjv, Dcmsnvi I MÖš’cwÄ Dc¯’vc‡bi
gva¨‡g Awfm›`‡f©i BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
e¯‘Z eZ©gvb (cÖ_g) Aa¨v‡q M‡elYvK‡g©i cÖ¯ÍvweZ iƒc‡iLvi †h․w³KZv cybg~j
© ¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z
M‡elYvi cUf~wg, D‡Ïk¨, cwiwa, cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb we‡kølY Ges ch©v‡jvwPZ mvwn‡Z¨ DwjøwLZ M‡elYvi
bZzb †ÿ‡Îi [evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)] Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ (D™¢vweZ) M‡elYv c×wZi Av‡jv‡K
Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cieZx© Aa¨vqmg~‡n Z_¨-Dcv‡Ëi wfwË‡Z mnR-mvejxj I cÖvÄj eY©bvi
gva¨‡g Zv wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30
nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk
wØZxq Aa¨vq
nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv,

DrcwË I µgweKvk
31
wØZxq Aa¨vq
nv`xmkv¯¿ wek¦evmxi Rb¨ GK Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| Bmjvgx kixqv‡Zi Ab¨Zg cÖavb Drm| G‡K ev` w`‡q
Avjøvni weavb mwVKfv‡e cwicvjb Kiv KíbvZxZ e¨vcvi| ZvB nv`xm wel‡q M‡elYv I Gi PP©vi
ch©v‡jvPbvi wbwgË GB Aa¨v‡q nv`xm k‡ãi cwiwPwZ, wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v, wnRix wØZxq
kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v, nv`xm msKj‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi hyM, wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx n‡Z cÂg kZvãx I
ZrcieZx© hy‡M nv`xm PP©v m¤úwK©Z bvwZ`xN© we‡kølY Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e| e¯‘Z GB ch©v‡jvPbvwU eZ©gvb
M‡elYvi cÖviw¤¢K we‡kølY, hv cieZ©x Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v we‡køl‡Yi †g․j wfwË wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡e|
2.1 nv`xm cwiwPwZ
nv`xm (‫ـش‬٠‫ )دـذ‬k‡ãi we‡kølY
nv`xm (‫ـش‬٠‫ )دـذ‬kãwU Aviex cwifvlv| GwU ً‫ـ‬١‫ فـؼـ‬Ih&‡b eve ‫ ٔـصـش‬I َ‫ وـش‬Gi ‫س‬ٚ‫ دذ‬I ‫ دذاصخ‬gvm`vi
†_‡K ‫ صفة مشبهة‬Gi (wmMvn) iƒc1| †KD †KD e‡jb, ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬kãwU ‫ دـذس‬A_ev ‫س‬ٚ‫ دـذ‬kã g~j †_‡K
wbM©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU GKePb, Gi eûePb ‫ـش‬٠‫|ادـبد‬2 AvwfavwbK `„wó‡Z Gi A_© n‡jv-
K. bZzb )‫(الجدٌد‬3
L. bZzb e¯‘ )‫(الجدٌد من االشٌاء‬4
M. †Kv‡bv msev` )‫(النبأ و الخبر‬5
N. †Kv‡bv K_v ev evYx )‫ (الكالم قلٌله و كثٌره‬6
O. cyivZ‡bi wecixZ )‫ (ضد القدٌم‬7
* Rviæjøvn hvgvLkvix [g„. 538 wn.] Zvui ÔAvj-KvkkvdÕ MÖ‡š’ ‫ـش‬٠‫ ادـبد‬kãwU ‫( اسُ جّغ‬Bmg RgvÔ)8
wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡ib|9 wKš‘ Avey nvBqvb (g„.754 wLª.) hvgvLkvixi mv‡_ wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb,
‫ـش‬٠‫ ادـبد‬kãwU Bmg RgvÔ bq; eis kãwU wbqg ewnf©~Zfv‡e ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi RgvÔ ZvKmxi|10 †hgb: ‫غ‬١‫لط‬
Gi eûePb ‫غ‬١‫ البط‬Ges ً١‫ ثط‬Gi eûePb ً١‫ اثبط‬Aviex e¨vKi‡Yi wbqg ewnf©~Zfv‡e eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv
hvq| Aviex •eqvKiwYK‡ì g‡Z, GwU wbqg ewnf~©Z n‡jI AwaK eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Awfavbwe`MY G‡K
‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi eûePb wn‡m‡e wba©viY K‡i‡Qb|11
1 RvgvjywÏb gynv¤§` Beb gyKviig Beb gvbRyi Avj-AvdwiKx, wjmvbyj Avie, •eiƒZ: `viæ mvwì, Zv.we., ms¯‥.1, L.2, c„. 131
2 W. gynv¤§` Av¾vR Avj-LZxe, Avm-mybvœ n KvejvZ Zvèxb, Kvq‡iv: gvKZvevZzj Iqvnevn, ms¯‥.2, c„. 20
3 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡nnvb, ZvBwmiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xm, wiqv`: gvKZvevZzj gvAvwid wjb bvkwi IqvZ ZvIhxn, 2011 wLª. ms¯‥.11, c„. 13
4 W. gynv¤§` Av¾vR Avj-LZxe, cÖv¸³, c„. 20
5 cÖv¸³
6 W. gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§` Avey †kvnev, Avj IqvmvBZ dx Djywg Iqv gymZvjvwnj nv`xm, Kvq‡iv: gvKZvevZzm mybœvn, 2006 wLª., ms¯‥.1, c„. 13
7 kvgmyÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyi ingvb Avm-mvLvfx, dvZûj gyMxm kiû Avjwdq¨vwZj nv`xm, wjevbb: `viæj KyZze Avj-Bjwgq¨vn,
1403 wn., ms¯‥.1, L. 1, c„. 10
8 Bmg RgvÕ: †h RgvÕ ev eûePb GKwU `j‡K eySvq, wKš‘ Zvi wbR (‫ )لفظ‬kã †_‡K †Kv‡bv GKePb _v‡K bv| (iwk` kviZzbx,
gvevw`Dj Avivweq¨v, ‣eiƒZ: Avj-KvmywjwKq¨vn,1942 wLª., L. 4, c„. 91)
9 Aveyj Kv‡mg Rviæjøvn gvngy` Beb Igi Avh-hvgvLkvix, Avj-Kvkkvd, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi , Z. we., L. 2, c„. 243
10 Avey nvBqvb, evniæj gynxZ¡, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, 1992wLª., L. 5, c„. 281
11 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡nnvb, cÖv¸³, c„.13
32
* ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬kãwU ‫ دـذس‬kãg~j †_‡K wb®úbœ n‡j Gi A_© n‡e ٓ‫ـىـ‬٠ ُ‫ْ اٌـشئ ٌـ‬ٛ‫ وـ‬ٛ‫ ٘ـ‬A_©vr be D™¢‚Z Ggb
e¯‘, c~‡e© hvi †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj bv| ivwMe Avj-B¯úvnvbx e‡jb, ٓ‫ْ اٌـشـئ ثـؼـذ اْ ٌـُ رـىـ‬ٛ‫س وـ‬ٚ‫اٌـذـذ‬
‫ـمـبي‬٠ ٗ‫ ِـٕـبِـ‬ٚ‫ـمـظـزـٗ ا‬٠ ٟ‫ فـ‬ٝ‫دـ‬ٛ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ـخ اٌـسـّـغ ا‬ٙ‫ـجـٍـغ االٔـسـبْ ِـٓ جـ‬٠ َ‫وـً وـال‬ٚ ‫٘ـشا‬ٛ‫ جـ‬ٚ‫ػـشضـب وـبْ ا‬
‫ـش‬٠‫ اٌـذـذ‬A_©vr (nv`xm k‡ãi gvm`vi) ‫ حدوث‬ej‡Z †Kv‡bv Aw¯ÍZ¡nxb e¯‘i Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf Kiv eySvq, PvB Zv
†g․wjK †nvK ev A‡g․wjK| †Kvb †g․wjK e¯‘‡K Aw¯Í‡Z¡ Avbqb Avjøvn e¨ZxZ Kv‡iv c‡ÿ m¤¢e bq| G
Qvov cÖ‡Z¨K K_v ev evYx hv kÖe‡Yw›`ªq ev Inxi m~‡Î, wb`ªvq wKsev RvMi‡Y gvby‡li wbKU †c․uQvq Zv‡K
nv`xm ejv nq|12
* Beb dvwim e‡jb, ‫ـزـذـذس ِـٕـٗ اٌـشـئ‬٠ َ‫ـش ِـٓ ٘ـزا الٔـٗ وـال‬٠‫ اٌـذـذ‬A_©vr ‫ دـذس‬kã n‡Z nv`xm k‡ãi
DrcwË| †Kbbv nv`xm n‡jv evYx ev K_v; Gi †_‡K bZzb †Kv‡bv fve-fvlv m„wó nq|13 G msÁvwU Av‡iKUz
¯úó K‡i kvqL bvwmi DwÏb Avjevbx e‡jb- ‫اٌـىـزـبثـخ‬ٚ ‫د‬ٛ‫ـٕـمـً ثـبٌـصـ‬٠ٚ ٗ‫ـزـذـذس ثـ‬٠ ٜ‫ اٌىـالَ اٌـز‬ٛ‫٘ـ‬ٚ
A_©vr ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬nj Ggb evK¨ hvi mgš^‡q K_v ejv nq Ges hv kã-wjwc AvKv‡i wbM©Z nq|14
* ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬kãwU Kvjvg, evYx Ges ُ‫ـ‬٠‫( لـذ‬cyivZb) Gi wecixZ A‡_©I eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|15 G †ÿ‡Î
‫ قدٌم‬Øviv KziAvb Avi ُ٠‫ لذ‬Gi wecix‡Z nv`xm (bZzb ) D‡Ïk¨| W. myenx mvwjn e‡jb-
ُ‫٘ـ‬ٚ ُ‫ـ‬٠‫ـمـبثـً ٌـٍـمـذ‬٠ ‫ ِـب‬ٝ‫ٖ ػـٍـ‬ٛ‫ اٌـجـذح فـبطـٍـمـ‬ٕٝ‫ـش ِـؼـ‬٠‫ ِـبدح اٌـذـذ‬ٟ‫لـذ اسـزـشـؼـش ثـؼـض اٌـؼـٍـّـبء فـ‬ٚ
ُ‫سـٍـ‬ٚ ٗ‫ـ‬١‫ اٌـٍـٗ ػـٍـ‬ٝ‫ي اٌــٍـٗ صـٍـ‬ٛ‫ سسـ‬ٝ‫ـف اٌـ‬١‫ـذ ِـب اضـ‬٠‫ثـبٌـجـذ‬ٚ ٗ‫ـُ وـزـبة اٌـٍـ‬٠‫ْ ثـبٌـمـذ‬ٚ‫ـذ‬٠‫ـش‬٠
Ò†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Avwjg ‫ـش‬٠‫† دـذ‬K ‫( جـذح‬bZzb) A‡_© eywS‡q‡Qb| Zuviv G kãwU‡K ُ‫ـ‬٠‫( لـذ‬cyivZb) Gi
wecixZ A‡_© cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| Zuviv ُ‫ـ‬٠‫ لـذ‬Øviv Avjøvni wKZve Ges ‫ـذ‬٠‫ جـذ‬Øviv ivm~j Gi ‫ـش‬٠‫† دـذ‬K
eywS‡q‡Qb|Ó16
* gvIjvbv wkeŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx e‡jb, ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬kãwU Avjøvni evYx ‫اِـب ثـٕـؼـّـخ سثـه فـذـذس‬ٚ (Zzwg †Zvgvi
cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMÖ‡ni K_v eY©bv K‡i `vI|) †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q|17 GLv‡b wbqvgZ A_© n‡jv wn`vqvZ|
Avjøvn ivm~jyjøvn‡K (mv.) †h wn`vqvZ I wimvjv‡Zi gnvb `vwqZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb; kixq‡Zi †h mKj AvnKvg wkÿv
w`‡q‡Qb; †m¸‡jv A‡bï wbKU †cu․‡Q †`qvi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Avi gnvbex (mv.) ¯^xq K_v, Kg© I
Aby‡gv`b Øviv KziAv‡bi G wb‡`©k cvjb K‡i‡Qb e‡jB Zuvi evYx, Kg© I †g․bm¤§wZ‡K ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|18 G Qvov msev`, NUbv cÖevn, eY©bv BZ¨vw` A‡_©I Gi eënvi cwijwÿZ nq|19
12 we.`ª. ivwMe Avj-B¯úvnvbx, gydivZv`yj KziAvb, wgmi: gy¯Ídv Avj-Avex Avj-nvjvex, 1324 wn., c„. 108; mvÕ`x Ave~ Rxe, Avj-
Kvgymyj wdKnx, KivPx : B`vivZzj KziAvb Iqvj ÔDj~gyj Bmjvwgq¨vn, Zv. we., c„. 79; W. gynv¤§` ivIqvm KvjvÔnRx, gyÔRvgy jyMvwZj
dzKvnv, KivPx: B`vivZzj KziAvb Iqvj Djywgj Bmjvwgq¨vn, Zv. we., c„. 176; Aveyj nvmvb Avng` Beb dvwim Beb hvKvwiqv,
gyÔRvgy gvKvqxwmj jyMvn, L. 2, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, 1399 wn./1979 wLª., c„. 31; Beb gvbhyi Avj-AvdixKx, cÖv¸³, L. 11k, c„.
131; jyBm gvjyd, Avj-gybwR`, KivPx : `viæj BkvqvZ, 1394 wn./1974 wLª., c„. 193
13 Aveyj nvmvb Avng` Beb dvwim Beb hvKvwiqv, cªv¸³, c„. 31
14 kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx, Avj-nv`xm ûw¾q¨vZzb webvdwmwn dxj AvKvCw` Iqvj AvnKvg, wiqv`: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid,
1425 wn./2005 wLª., c„. 13
15 Bwjqvm AvbZzb Bwjqvm, Kvgym Bwjqvm Avj Avmix, •eiƒZ: `viæj Rxj, 1986 wLª., c„. 138; Iqvwn`y¾vgvb, jyMvZzj nv`xm, L. 1,
KivPx: KviLvbv wZRviv‡Z KzZze, Zv.we., c„. 31; Avj-nvwdh RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myqyZx, Zvìxeyi ivex, wiqv`: gvKZvevZzj KvImvi,
1315wn., c„. 6; eyZiæm Avj-e¯Ívbx, wKZvey KzZwij gynxZ, L. 1, •eiƒZ: gvKZvevZz ey¯Ívb, 1969 wLª., c„. 367-368; Edward
william lane, An Arabic English lexican, Part-2 (Beirut : 1980), p. 529
16 W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, Dj~gyj nv`xm Iqv gymZvjvûû, •eiƒZ: `viæj Bjg wjj gvjvwqCb, 1984 wLª., c„. 4-5
17 wkeŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx, dZûj gyjwng, L.1, KivPx : gvKZvevZzj wnRvh, Zv.we., c„. 1-2
18 ZKx Dmgvbx, `vi‡m wZiwghx, L.1, †Ìe›`: Avkivd eyK wW‡cv, Zv.we., c„. 22
19 Bwjqvm AvbZzb Bwjqvm, Kvgymyj Rxe, wgmi : gvZevAvZzj Av`wiq¨vn, 1928 wLª., c„. 98, W. Av¾vR Avj LZxe, cªv¸³, c„.20;
Bwjqvm AvbZzb Bwjqvm, Avj Kvgymyj gvìvmx, wgmi : Avj gvZivAvZzj Avmwiq¨vn, Zv.we., c„. 82; Edward William Lane, An
Arabic English lexicom, New york: Frederick ungar publishing co., 1956, part-2, p. 529, F. steingass, The Students
Arabic English Dictionary, London: WH. Alten and Co 1884, p. 268, F.A Klein, The Religion of Islam , New delhi:
Cosmo Publications, 1978, p. 24.
33
Avj-KziAv‡b nv`xm (‫ )حـديـث‬k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM

Avj-KziAv‡bi 23 ¯’v‡b wewfbœ Avw½‡K ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ 12wU ¯’v‡b mivmwi
‫( حدٌث‬nv`xm), 5wU ¯’v‡b ‫ضب‬٠‫( دذ‬nv`xmvb), 4wU ¯’v‡b ‫ش‬٠‫( ادبد‬Avnv`xm) I 2wU ¯’v‡b ‫( رذذس‬ZznvwÏm)
kã G‡m‡Q| wb‡gœ G m¤úwK©Z AvqvZgvjv D‡jøL Kiv nj,
 cweÎ KziAv‡b 12wU ¯’v‡b ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi eënvi mivmwi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb-
1. ‫ـش اسـفـب‬٠‫زا اٌـذـذ‬ٙ‫ا ثـ‬ٛ‫ـؤِـٕـ‬٠ ُ‫ اصـبس٘ـُ اْ ٌـ‬ٝ‫ فـٍـؼـٍـه ثـبخـغ ٔـفـسـه ػـٍـ‬ÒZviv G evYx‡K wek¦vm bv
Ki‡j Zv‡ì wcQ‡b wcQ‡b Ny‡i m¤¢eZ: Avcwb AvZ¥webvkx n‡q co‡eb|Ó20
2. ‫ـب‬ٙ‫ـش وـزـبثـب ِـزـشـبثـ‬٠‫ اٌـٍـٗ ٔـضي ادـسـٓ اٌـذـذ‬ÒAvjøvn DËg evYx m¤^wjZ wKZve AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb hv
mymvgÄm¨c~Y©|Ó21
3. ْٛ‫ـؤِـٕـ‬٠ ٗ‫ـبرـ‬٠‫ا‬ٚ ٗ‫ـش ثـؼـذ اٌـٍـ‬٠‫ دـذ‬ٞ‫ فـجـأ‬ÒmyZivs Avjøvn Ges Zvi Avqv‡Zi cwie‡Z© Zviv Avi †Kvb
evYx‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡e?Ó22
4. ٓ‫ـ‬١‫ـُ اٌـّـىـشِـ‬١‫ـف اثـشا٘ـ‬١‫ـش ضـ‬٠‫ ٘ـً ارـبن دـذ‬ÒAvcbvi Kv‡Q Beivwn‡gi m¤§vwbZ AwZw_‡ì Lei
†cu․‡Q‡Q wK?Ó23
5. . ٓ‫ـ‬١‫ا صـبدلـ‬ٛ‫ـش ِـضـٍـٗ اْ وـبٔـ‬٠‫ا ثـذـذ‬ٛ‫ـأرـ‬١‫ فـٍـ‬ÒZviv †hb Giƒc GKLvwb wKZve wb‡q Av‡m hw` Zviv
mZëv`x nq|Ó24
6. ْٛ‫ـش رـؼـجـجـ‬٠‫ افـّـٓ ٘ـزا اٌذـذ‬Ò†Zvgiv wK H K_vq we¯§q †eva KiQ?Ó25
7. َُِْٕٛ٘ ‫ش أَٔزُُ ُّمِ ْذ‬
ِ ٠‫َ َزا ْاٌ َذ ِذ‬ِٙ‫ أَفَج‬ÒZviciI wK †Zvgiv G KziAv‡bi evYx‡K Zz”Q g‡b Ki‡e?Ó
26
8. ‫ـش‬٠‫ـزا اٌـذـذ‬ٙ‫ـىـزة ثـ‬٠ ٓ‫ِـ‬ٚ ٝ‫ فـزسٔـ‬ÒAvcbv‡K Ges hviv G evYx‡K cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Avgvi
nv‡Z †Q‡o w`bÓ27
9. ْٛ‫ـؤِـٕـ‬٠ ٖ‫ـش ثـؼـذ‬٠‫ دـذ‬ٞ‫ فـجـأ‬ÒmyZivs Zviv KziAv‡bi cwie‡Z© Avi †Kvb K_vq wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡e?Ó28
10. ٝ‫سـ‬ٛ‫ـش ِـ‬٠‫ ٘ـً ارـبن دـذ‬ÒAvcbvi Kv‡Q gymvi Lie G‡m‡Q Kx?Ó29
11. ‫د‬ٛ‫ـش اٌـجـٕـ‬٠‫ ٘ـً ارـبن دـذ‬ÒAvcbvi wbK‡U •mbëvwnbxi BwZe„Ë †cu․‡Q‡Q wK?Ó30
12. ‫ـخ‬١‫ـش اٌـغـبشـ‬٠‫ ٘ـً ارـبن دـذ‬ÒAv”QbœKvix (wKqvgZ) Gi msev` Avcbvi wbKU wK G‡m‡Q?Ó31
 cuvPwU ¯’v‡b ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi ¯’‡j ‫ـضـب‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb-
1. ‫ضب‬٠‫ْ َ دذ‬ّٛ‫ىز‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ‫ُ ااسر‬ٙ‫ ث‬ٜٛ‫ رس‬ٌٛ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ا اٌشس‬ٛ‫ػص‬ٚ ‫ا‬ٚ‫ٓ َوفش‬٠‫د اٌز‬ٛ٠ ‫ِئز‬ٛ٠ Òhviv Kzdwi
K‡i‡Q I ivm~‡ji Aeva¨ n‡q‡Q Zviv †mw`b Kvgbv Ki‡e, hw` Zviv gvwUi mv‡_ wg‡k †h‡Z cviZ!
Zviv Avjøvni wbKU n‡Z †Kvb K_vB jyKv‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó32
2. ‫ـضـب‬٠‫ْ دـذ‬ٛ‫ـ‬ٙ‫ـفـمـ‬٠ ْٚ‫ـىـبد‬٠ ‫َ ال‬ٛ‫ فـّـب ٘ـؤالء اٌـمـ‬ÒcÿvšÍ‡i Zv‡ì cwiYwZ wK n‡e, hviv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv
K_v eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i bv|Ó33
3. ‫ضب‬٠‫ِٓ أصذق ِٓ ّ دذ‬ٚ ÒAvi Avjøvni †P‡q †K †ewk mZëv`x?Ó34
20 Avj-KziAvb, 18: 06
34
4. ٜ‫فزش‬٠ ‫ضب‬٠‫ ااٌجبة ِب وبْ دذ‬ٌٟٚ‫ُ ػجشح ا‬ٙ‫ لصص‬ٟ‫ ٌمذ وبْ ف‬ÒZv‡ì weei‡Y eyw×gvb gvby‡li Rb¨
wk¶bxq welq i‡q‡Q| G evYx †Kvb wg_¨v iPbv bq|Ó35
5. ‫ـضـب‬٠‫اجـٗ دـذ‬ٚ‫ ثـؼـض اص‬ٝ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ار اسـش اٌـجـٕـ‬ٚ Òbex hLb Zuvi KwZcq ¯¿xi wbK‡U GKwU †Mvcb K_v
ej‡jb|Ó36
 PviwU ¯’v‡b ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi eûePbiƒc ‫ـش‬٠‫ ادـبد‬k‡ãi eënvi cwijwÿZ nq| †hgb-
1. ‫ش‬٠‫ً اادبد‬٠ٚ‫ؼٍّه ِٓ رأ‬٠ٚ ‫ه سثه‬١‫جزج‬٠ ‫وزٌه‬ٚ ÒAvi Gfv‡e †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK †Zvgv‡K (beyIq‡Zi
Rb¨) g‡bvbxZ Ki‡eb, Ges †Zvgv‡K ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v †kLv‡eb|Ó37
2. ‫ش‬٠‫ً اادبد‬٠ٚ‫ٌٕؼٍّٗ ِٓ رأ‬ٚ ‫ ااسر‬ٟ‫سف ف‬ٛ١ٌ ‫وزٌه ِىٕب‬ٚ ÒGfv‡e Avwg BDm~d‡K ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v
†kLv‡bvi Rb¨ †m †`‡k cÖwZwôZ Kijvg|Ó38
3. ‫ش‬٠‫ً اادبد‬٠ٚ‫ ِٓ رأ‬ٟٕ‫ػٍّز‬ٚ ‫ ِٓ اٌٍّه‬ٟٕ‫ز‬١‫ سة لذ آر‬Ò†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avcwb Avgv‡K ivR¨
w`‡q‡Qb, ¯^cœ e¨vL¨v Kivi Ávb `vb K‡i‡Qb|Ó39
4. ‫ش‬٠‫جؼٍٕبُ٘ أدبد‬ٚ ÒAvwg Zv‡ì‡K MíÑKvwnbxi wel‡q cwiYZ K‡iwQ|Ó40
 `yBwU ¯’v‡b ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬k‡ãi wµqviƒc ‫ ُت َح ِّد ُت‬k‡ãi eënvi cwijwÿZ nq| †hgb-
1. ُ‫ى‬١ٍ‫ػ‬ ‫ُ ثّب فزخ‬ٙٔٛ‫ا أرذذص‬ٌٛ‫ لب‬ÒZviv e‡j Avjøvn †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †Zvgiv wK
Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Zv e‡j w`‡”Qv?Ó41
2. ‫أخبارها‬ ‫ يومئذ‬Ò†mw`b c„w_ex Zvi hveZxq Lei I Z_¨ eY©bv Ki‡e|Ó42
Avj-KziAvb‡K nv`xm ejvi KviY: Avjøvn ZvÕqvjv wKZveyjøvn Gi KwZcq Avqv‡Z 43 Avj-KziAvb‡K
Ò(Avnmvbyj nv`xm), (nv`xm) BZ¨vw` k‡ã AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| GLb cÖkœ nj Avjøvn KziAvb‡K †Kb nv`xm
kã Øviv AwfwnZ Ki‡jb? ZvB Avj-KziAvb‡K Ônv`xmÕ kã‡hv‡M cÖKvk Kivi †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb| e¯‘Z: KziAvb fve I fvlvq ُ‫ـ‬٠‫ لـذ‬ev wPišÍb| wKš‘ AeZi‡Yi w`K w`‡q nv`xm ev mv¤cÖwZK|44
†Kbbv, GwU gvbe RvwZi †n`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ m‡e©vËg evYx wn‡m‡e AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjv e‡jb-
‫ـب‬ٙ‫ـش وـزـبثـب ِـزـشـبثـ‬٠‫اٌـٍـٗ ٔـضي ادـسـٓ اٌـذـذ‬
A_©vr, Avjøvn m‡e©vËg evYx (Avnmvbyj nv`xm) m¤^wjZ wKZve AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb, hv mymvgÄm¨c~Y©| 45
Avjøvgv kvIKvbx (g„.1250wn.) e‡jb, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv KziAv‡b ¯^xq bexi gva¨‡g †h me wewa-wb‡la
AeZxY© K‡i‡Qb, †m me wel‡q wZwb gvbyl‡K msev` w`‡q‡Qb| myZivs msev` †Ìqv I eY©bv Kiv A‡_©
ْ‫ لـشا‬Aek¨B nv`xm|46 Avjøvgv Avj~mx (g„.1270wn.) e‡jb, KziAvb‡K evYx wn‡m‡e ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬ejv n‡q‡Q|
ُ‫ـ‬٠‫ لـذ‬Gi wecixZ wn‡m‡e ejv nqwb|47 Avjøvgv gvIqv`©x (g„.450wn.) KziAvb‡K ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬bv‡g AwfwnZ
Kivi `ywU KviY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|48
1. KziAvb Avjøvni evYx ev Kvjvg| GwU m„ó bq| Avi evYx A‡_©B KziAvb ‫ـش‬٠‫|دـذ‬

40 Avj-KziAvb, 23: 44 I 34:19
43 Avj-KziAvb, 18:6; 39:23; 52:34
44 W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„. 5
45 Avj-KziAvb, 39:23
46 W. gynv¤§` myjvqgvb Avj-AvmKvi, hye`vZzZ Zvdmxi, Kz‡qZ: IhvivZzj AvIKvd, 1985 wLª., c„. 609
47 mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` Avwd›`x Avj-Avjymx, iæûj gvÕAvbx, L. 23, wgmi: B`vivZzZ AveAvwZj gybxwiq¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 258
48 Aveyj nvmvbx Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Avj-gvIqv`©x, Zvdmxiæj gvIqv`©x, Kz‡qZ: IhvivZzj AvIKvd, 1402 wn., L.3, c„. 466
35
2. Ab¨vb¨ Avmgvbx MÖ‡š’i Zzjbvq we‡kl c×wZ‡Z KziAvb AeZxY© nIqvi mgq Kv‡ji w`K we‡ePbvq
KziAvb ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬ev bZzb|
nv`xm (‫ـش‬٠‫ )دـذ‬k‡ãi cvwifvwlK cwiPq
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwifvlvq, AwaKvsk gynvwÏ‡mi g‡Z, gnvbex (mv.)-Gi evYx, Kg© I Aby‡gv`b Ges
mvnvex I ZvweC‡ì K_v, ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|49 Z‡e †KD †KD ïaygvÎ gnvbex (mv.)-Gi
evYx Kg© I †g․bm¤§wZ‡K nv`xm e‡j _v‡Kb| Avi mvnvex I ZvweC‡ì evYx-Kg©‡K AvQvi e‡jb| G
cÖm‡½ Avjøvgv Beb ZvBwgqv (661-728 wn.) e‡jb,
‫الحدٌث النبوي هو عند االطالق ٌنصرف الى ما حدث به عنه بعد النبووة من قوله وفعله واقراره‬
A_©vr mvaviY A‡_© bex Kixg (mv.) Gi K_v, KvR I mg_©b wel‡q beyqZ jv‡fi ci Zuvi †_‡K hv wKQz
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ZvB nv`xm wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|50 Avj gyÔRvgyj IqvwmZ MÖš’Kvi e‡jb-
‫فً اصطالح المحدثٌن قول اوفعل او تقرٌر نسب الى النبً صلً هللا علٌه وسلم‬
A_©vr nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi cwifvlvq, bex (mv.) Gi w`‡K m¤úwK©Z K_v, KvR I mg_©b‡K nv`xm ejv
nq|51 G cÖm‡½ gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.) e‡jb,
‫الـحـدٌـث هـو اعـم مـن ان ٌـكون قـول الـرسـول (صلـعـم) والـصـحـابـى والـتـابـعى وفـعـلـه وتـقـرٌـره‬
A_©vr ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬Ggb GKwU kã hv ivm~j (mv.), mvnvex I ZvweCi evYx, Kg© I †g․bm¤§wZ QvovI Av‡iv
e¨vcK A_©‡evaK| 52 wKš‘ G wel‡q Bgvg Beb nvRvi Avj-ÔAvmKvjvbx (in.) Gi AwfgZ wKQyUv
e¨wZµg| Zuvi g‡Z,
ُ‫سـٍـ‬ٚ ٗ‫ـ‬١‫ اٌـٍـٗ ػـٍـ‬ٝ‫ صـٍـ‬ٝ‫ اٌـٕـجـ‬ٝ‫ـف اٌـ‬١‫ ػـشف اٌـشـشع ِـب اضـ‬ٟ‫ـش فـ‬٠‫اٌـّـشاد ثـبٌـذـذ‬
A_©vr, kixAv‡Zi cwifvlvq, ïay bex Kixg (mv.) w`‡K hv m¤^Ü Kiv nq ZvB nv`xm|53 Zuvi G e³‡eï
mv‡_ HK¨gZ †cvlY K‡i W. gvng~` AvZ-Z¡nnvb e‡jb,
‫ صـفـخ‬ٚ‫ـش ا‬٠‫ رـمـش‬ٚ‫ فـؼـً ا‬ٚ‫ي ا‬ٛ‫سـٍـُ ِـٓ لـ‬ٚ ٗ‫ـ‬١‫ اٌـٍـٗ ػـٍـ‬ٝ‫ صـٍـ‬ٝ‫ اٌـٕـجـ‬ٝ‫ـف اٌـ‬١‫ـش ِـب اضـ‬٠‫اٌـذـذ‬
A_©vr, bex Kixg (mv.) Gi K_v, Kg©, †g․bm¤§wZ I Zuvi hveZxq ¸Yvejx‡K ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬ejv nq|54 gnvbexi
(mv.) beyqZ I cieZ©x Rxe‡bi mgy`q gyL wbm„Z evYx, Kg©, mg_©b, Aby‡gv`b Ges Zuvi PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejxi
•ewkó¨, Ggb wK RvMÖZ wKsev wbw`ªZ me©ve¯’vq Zuvi MwZwewa cÖf„wZ ‫ـش‬٠‫ دـذ‬Gi AšÍfy©³|
AZGe ejv hvq, bex (mv.) Gi evYx, KvR, †g․bmg_©bB nv`xm| Z‡e e¨vcK A‡_©- Zvui (mv.) •`wnK I
PwiÎMZ, RxebPwiZ msµvšÍ ¸Yvejxi wel‡q beyIqvZ cÖvwßi c~‡e© wKsev c‡i hv wKQz ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Zv‡KI
nv`xm bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
2.1.2 nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Acwinvh©Zv I cÖvgvwYKZv
nv`xm Áv‡bi RM‡Z GK Ag~j¨ iZœfvÐvi Ges KyiAvb gvRx‡ì cÖavb fvl¨Kvi| G‡K ev` w`‡q Bmjv‡gi
AbymiY Kiv †gv‡UB m¤¢e bq| ZvB nv`xm PP©vi ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© AbymÜvb I we‡kølY Kiv GKvšÍ
Avek¨K| Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv (whKi) KziAvb msiÿ‡Yi `vwqZ¡ wb‡R wb‡q‡Qb|55 G‡Z †evSv hvq wKqvgZ
ch©šÍ cÖRb¥ †_‡K cÖRb¥všÍ‡i ci¤úivq KziAvb AweK…Z I cÖK…Z Ae¯’vq †c․uQ‡Z _vK‡e| GLb cÖkœ n‡”Q,
GB Hk¦wiK msiÿY Kx KziAv‡bi k‡ãi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bvwK cÖK…Z A‡_©i †ÿ‡ÎI? hw` KziAvb‡K
49 Avãyj nK w`njex, Avj gyKvÏvgvn, jv‡nvi: gvKZvevZzm gymZvdvqx, Zv.we, c„.3; gvbœvÕ Lvjxj Avj KvËvb, Avj-nv`xm IqvQ
QvKvdvZzj Bmjvwgq¨vn, †m․w` Avie: Avj gvÕAvwid, 1408wn./1988 wLª., L.1, c„. 2
50 Aveyj AveŸvm Avngv` Beb Ave`yj nvwjg Beb ZvBwgqv, gvRgyDj dvZIqv, wgmi: `viæj Adv, 2005 wLª., ms¯‥.3, L. 18, c„. 67
51 Beªvnxg gy¯Ídv I Ab¨vb¨, Avj-gyÔRvgyj IqvmxZ, †Ìe›`: gvKZvev hvKvwiq¨v, 2001wLª., ms¯‥.1, c„. 160
52 Avm-mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avgxgyj Bnmvb, gxhvbyj AvLevi gyKvÏvgvZz wdKnxm mybvwb Iqvj Avmvi, Kvbcyi: Avj-gvKZvev Avj-
gvRxw`q¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 1-2
54 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡nnvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 14
55 Avj-KziAvb, 15 : 09
36
mwVKfv‡e eySevi Rb¨ bex (mv.) Gi e¨vL¨v AZ¨vek¨K nq Z‡e KziAv‡bi kãfvÐvi msiÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
D‡Ïk¨ c~Y© nq bv; hw` bv bex (mv.) Gi e¨vL¨vI msiwÿZ _v‡K|56 KviY Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wb‡RB bex‡K
(mv.) KziAv‡bi fvl¨Kvi wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i e‡jb,
َُْٚ‫َزَفَ َّنىش‬٠ ُْ ُٙ‫ٌَ َؼٍَّن‬َٚ ُْ ِٙ ١ْ ٌَِ ‫بط َِب ُٔ ِّذض َي‬ َ ١ْ ٌَِ ‫أَٔ َض ٌَْٕب‬َٚ
ِ ‫ِّذَٓ ٌٍَِّٕن‬١َ‫ه اٌ ِّذز ْو َش ٌِزُج‬
ÒAvwg †Zvgvi Dci KziAvb bvwhj K‡iwQ; hv‡Z Zzwg gvbyl‡ì‡K Zv e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY K‡i eywS‡q w`‡Z
cv‡iv|Ó57 G AvqvZ †_‡K ¯úóZB †evSv hv‡”Q †h, KziAvb †_‡K gvbyl ZLbB ¯úó wb‡`©kbv †c‡Z cv‡i;
hLb bex (mv.) Gi †Ìqv e¨vL¨v (nv`xm) †_‡K KziAv‡bi A_© my¯úó n‡q DV‡e| G Kvi‡YB bex (mv.)
Gi †Ìqv e¨vL¨v (nv`xm) weK…wZi nvZ †_‡K evuPv‡Z nv`xm PP©v, Aa¨vcbv I M‡elYv Acwinvh©|
K. Avj-KziAv‡b nv`x‡mi Acwinvh©Zv I cÖvgvwYKZv

ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi cy‡iv Rxeb-PwiZ nv`x‡mi AšÍf©y³| Avi nv`xm PP©vi gv‡bB n‡jv Zvui Rxebv`‡k©i
PP©v I Abymi‡Yi Abykxjb| ivm~j‡K (mv.) †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv Zv‡K gvb¨ Kiv; hv mwVK c_ jv‡fi
cÖ_g kZ©| myZivs GKRb gymwj‡gi Dci †hfv‡e KziAvb gvbv Avek¨K; †Zwgb nv`xm Z_v ivm~‡ji
AbymiYI Acwinvh©| Avi Zvui AvbyM‡Zï cÖ‡qvR‡b nv`xm PP©v Kiv Avek¨K| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn e‡jb, ‫ َِب‬َٚ
ِ ّ ِْ ‫ُطَب َع ثِ ِ ْر‬١ٌِ ‫ ٍلي ِالَّن‬ُٛ‫ أَسْ َس ٍَْٕب ِِٓ َّنسس‬ÒAvwg †Kej G D‡Ï‡k¨ ivm~j †cÖiY K‡iwQ †h, Avjøvni wb‡`©k Abymv‡i
Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Kiv n‡e|Ó58 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ُْ ‫ ااَ ِْ ِش ِِٕ ُى‬ٌِٟ ُْٚ‫أ‬َٚ ‫ َي‬ُٛ‫ا اٌ َّنشس‬ُٛ ْ ‫ؼ‬١‫أَ ِط‬َٚ َ ‫ا‬ُٛ ْ ‫ؼ‬١‫ا أَ ِط‬ٛ
ْ َُِٕ ‫َٓ آ‬٠‫َب اٌَّن ِز‬ٙ‫ُّم‬٠َ‫َب أ‬٠
Ò†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avjøvni AvbyMZ¨ Ki, ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv (Avjøvni
weavb Abymv‡i) Av‡`k †Ìqvi ¶gZv iv‡Lb Zv‡ì AvbyMZ¨ Ki|Ó59 wZwb Ab¨ Avqv‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡”Qb, ‫َب‬٠
َُْٛ‫أَٔزُ ُْ رَ ْس َّؼ‬َٚ ُْٕٗ ‫ْ ا َػ‬ٛ‫ٌَّن‬َٛ َ‫الَ ر‬َٚ ٌَُُٗٛ‫ َسس‬َٚ ْ ‫ؼ‬١‫ا أَ ِط‬ٛ
‫ا‬ُٛ ْ َُِٕ ‫َٓ آ‬٠‫َب اٌَّن ِز‬ٙ‫ُّم‬٠َ‫ أ‬Ò†n gywgbMY! Avjøvn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨
Ki, Avi †Zvgiv hLb Zuvi K_v †kvb ZLb †Zvgiv Zuvi wbKU †_‡K wegyL n‡qv bv|Ó60 Avi ivm~‡ji
Abymi‡Y Avjøvni fv‡jvevmv wbwnZ| Avjøvn e‡jb, ُ ُُ ‫ُذْ جِ ْج ُى‬٠ ُِٟٔٛ‫َْ َ فَبرَّنجِؼ‬ٛ‫ لًُْ ِْ ُوٕزُ ُْ رُ ِذجُّم‬Ò†n ivm~j (mv.)!
Avcwb ejyb, hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvn‡K fvjev‡mv Zvn‡j Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki, Z‡e Avjøvn †Zvgv‡ì‡K fv‡jv
evm‡eb|Ó61 Aci w`‡K ivm~‡ji Aeva¨Zv Kzdix Ges kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva †NvlYv w`‡q Avjøvn e‡jb, ًُْ‫ل‬
َٓ٠‫ُ ِذتُّم ْاٌ َىبفِ ِش‬٠ َ‫ْ ْا فَ ِ َّنْ َ ال‬ٛ‫ٌَّن‬َٛ َ‫ َي ف ِْ ر‬ُٛ‫اٌ َّنشس‬َٚ َ ‫ا‬ُْٛ ‫ؼ‬١‫ أَ ِط‬ÒAvcwb ejyb, †Zvgiv Avjøvn I ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki|
hw` †Zvgiv Avjøvn I ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK Zvn‡j (†Zvgiv Kvwdi n‡q hv‡e) Avi
wbðqB Avjøvn Kvwdi‡ì fvjev‡mb bv|Ó62 Ab¨ Avqv‡Z wZwb e‡jb, ْْ َ‫ْ َْ ػ َْٓ اَ ِْ ِش ِٖ ا‬ُٛ‫ُ َخبٌِف‬٠ َٓ٠ْ ‫َذْ َز ِس اٌَّن ِز‬١ٍْ َ‫ف‬
ُْ١ٌَِ‫ُ ُْ َػ َزاة ا‬َٙ‫ج‬١ْ ‫ص‬ِ ُ٠ َْٚ‫ُ ُْ فِ ْزَٕخ ا‬َٙ‫ج‬١ْ ‫ص‬ِ ُ‫ ر‬ÒmyZivs hviv Zvi Av‡`‡ki weiæ×vPviY K‡i Zviv mZK© †nvK †h, wdZbv
Zv‡ì Dci AvcwZZ n‡e A_ev Zv‡ì Dci AvcwZZ n‡e hš¿bv`vqK kvw¯Í|Ó 63 wePvi-dvqmvjvi
cÖ‡qvR‡b nv`xm Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖm‡½ wZwb e‡jb, ُ ‫بط ثِ َّب أَ َسا َن‬ ِ ‫َٓ إٌَّن‬١ْ َ‫ ٌِزَذْ ُى َُ ث‬Ò..†n bex (mv.)!
Avjøvn Avcbv‡K hv Rvwb‡q‡Qb Avcwb †hb (Inxi gva¨‡g cÖvß wbqg-c×wZ) †m Abymv‡i †jvK‡ì g‡a¨
wePviÑdvqmvjv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|Ó64 ivm~‡ji `vb MÖnY I eR©‡bi Rb¨ nv`xm PP©v cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB Avjøvn
e‡jb, ‫ا‬َُٛٙ‫َب ُو ُْ َػ ُْٕٗ فَبٔز‬َٙٔ ‫ َِب‬َٚ ُٖٚ‫ ُي فَ ُخ ُز‬ُٛ‫ َِب آرَب ُو ُُ اٌ َّنشس‬َٚ Òivm~j †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ hv (weavb-Rxebv`k©) wb‡q
56 Rvw÷m gynv¤§` ZvwK Imgvwb, mybœvni AvBbMZ gh©v`v, Aby. cÖ‡dmi W. ingvb nvwee, XvKv: we AvB AvB wU, 2014 wLª. c„.58
37
G‡m‡Qb Zv MÖnY Ki, Avi hv †_‡K wZwb weiZ _vK‡Z e‡j‡Qb, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vK|Ó65 P~ovšÍfv‡e ejv
hvq, ivm~‡ji Abymi‡YB wn`v‡qZ| ZvB KziAvb gvRx‡` G‡m‡Q, ‫ْ ا‬ٚ‫زَ ُذ‬ْٙ َ‫ْ ُٖ ر‬ُٛ‫ؼ‬١ْ ‫اِ ْْ رُ ِط‬َٚ Ò†Zvgiv Zuvi AvbyMZ¨
Ki‡j wn`v‡qZ cv‡e|Ó66
L. nv`xm KziAv‡bi g‡ZvB cÖvgvY¨ cÖZ¨v‡`k
KziAvb †_‡K cÖgvY: Avjøvn cÖ`Ë InxB bex Kixg (mv.) Gi ÁvbfvÐv‡ii GKgvÎ Drm| Gi cÖgvY cÖm‡½
Avjøvn e‡jb, ‫ َحو َحما يَحنطِ ُتق َحع ِن ْال َحه َحوى إِنْ ه َحُتو إِ اَّل َحو ْ ٌي يُتو َح ى‬ÒAvi wZwb gbMov wKQz e‡jb bv, Zv‡Z †Kej Zuvi
wbKU cÖZ¨v‡`k K…Z Inx Qvov Avi wKQzB bq|Ó67 D×…Z Avqv‡Z mvaviYfv‡e wb‡`©kbv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h,
bex Kixg (mv.) wb‡Ri cÿ †_‡K gbMov wKQzB e‡jb bv, eis hvB e‡jb Zv Zuvi cÖwZ †cÖwiZ cÖZ¨v‡`k
gvÎ| Bgvg Avj-KziZzex (600-671 wn.) G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq e‡jb-
‫وفٌها اٌضا داللة على ان السنة كالوحى المنزل فً العمل‬
A_©vr ÒGi g‡a¨ G wb‡`©kbvI i‡q‡Q †h, bex Kixg (mv.) Gi mybœvn Kvh© †ÿ‡Î Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K AeZxY©
Inxi Zzj¨|68 Bgvg evMvfx (510wn.) Gi Zvdmx‡i gvÕAvwjgyZ-Zvbhx‡j D×…Z n‡q‡Q, G Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v
n‡jv- bex Kixg (mv.) Øx‡bi e¨vcv‡i hv wKQz e‡jb Zv cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki AšÍf©y³|69 bexi (mv.) `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©
Avjøvn e‡jb, ِِٓ ‫ا‬ُٛٔ‫ ِْ َوب‬َٚ َ‫ ْاٌ ِذ ْى َّخ‬َٚ ‫َبة‬ ‫َٓ َسس اًل‬١‫ِّذ‬١ِ‫ ْااُ ِّذ‬ِٟ‫ش ف‬
َ ‫ُ ُُ ْاٌ ِىز‬ُّٙ ‫ُ َؼٍِّذ‬٠َٚ ُْ ِٙ ١‫ُ َض ِّذو‬٠َٚ ِٗ ِ‫َبر‬٠‫ ُْ آ‬ِٙ ١ْ ٍَ‫ َػ‬ٍُٛ‫َ ْز‬٠ ُْ ُْٕٙ ِ‫ال ِّذ‬ُٛ َ ‫ ثَ َؼ‬ٞ‫ اٌَّن ِز‬َُٛ ٘
َ ِٟ‫لَ ْج ًُ ٌَف‬ÒwZwbB wbiÿi‡ì ga¨ †_‡K GKRb ivm~j †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, whwb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q cvV K‡ib
‫ض َال ٍلي ُّمِجِ ٍل‬
ٓ١
Zvi AvqvZmg~n, Zv‡ì‡K cweÎ K‡ib Ges wkÿv‡`b wKZve I wnKgZ| BwZc~‡e© Zviv wQj †Nvi c_åóZvq
wjß|Ó70 KziAvb gvRx‡` †gvU 11wU Avqv‡Z71 ÔwKZveÕ k‡ãi mv‡_ ÔwnKgvnÕ kãwU (‫ )ػطف‬hy³vKv‡i ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| Avi Aviex e¨vKi‡Y (‫ )ػطف‬AvZ‡di weavb n‡jv c~ev© ci kãØ‡qi A_© ci¯úi wecixZ nIqv|
ZvB GLv‡b AvZd Øviv ÔwnKgvnÕ ej‡Z wbwðZfv‡e KziAvb bq, eis Ab¨ wKQy‡K (mybœvn) †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
Avi Zvdmxi Beb Kvmx‡i D³ Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq ÔwnKgvnÕ ej‡Z mybœvn‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|72
nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvY: Abyiƒcfv‡e bex Kixg (mv.) nv`xm †_‡KI Gi Inx nIqvi cÖgvY †g‡j| †hgb- AvmgvÕ
webZ Avey eKi (iv) m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, bex Kixg (mv.) m~h©MÖn‡Yi w`b LyZev †`qvi mgq Avjøvni ¯‘wZ I
¸YKxZ©b K‡i e‡jb-
ٚ‫س ِضً ا‬ٛ‫ اٌمج‬ٟ‫ْ ف‬ٕٛ‫ أىُ رفز‬ٌٟ‫ ا‬ٟ‫د‬ٚ‫أٗ لذ ا‬ٚ ‫إٌبس‬ٚ ‫ اٌجٕخ‬ٝ‫ ٘زا دز‬ِٟ‫ ِمب‬ٟ‫زٗ ف‬١‫زٗ اال لذ سئ‬٠‫ئ ٌُ اوٓ اس‬١‫ِب ِٓ ش‬
.‫خ اٌذجبي‬١‫جب ِٓ فزٕخ اٌّس‬٠‫لش‬
ÒAvwg (GLb) Ggb me e¯‘ Avgvi G Ae¯’vb †_‡K Ae‡jvKb KiwQ, hv Avgv‡K Av‡M †`Lv‡bv nqwb,
GgbwK RvbœvZ-RvnvbœvgI †`LwQ| Avi Avgvi wbKU (GLb) Inx †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Q †h, †Zvgiv Ke‡i
`v¾v‡ji wdZbvi Abyiƒc wdZbv Øviv cixwÿZ n‡e|Ó73 D³ nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvY cvIqv hvq †h, bex
Kixg‡K (mv.) Av‡M hv †`Lv‡bv nqwb, Ggb me e¯‘ wZwb D³ m~h©MÖn‡Yi w`b †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨
i‡q‡Q RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœv‡gi Ae¯’v I Ke‡ii wdZbv| G nv`xm †_‡K GwUI †evSv †Mj †h, D×…Z welqvw`
bex (mv.) KziAv‡bi AvqvZ wn‡m‡e e‡jbwb| G Qvov A`„k¨ RM‡Zi DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv wZwb †m”Qvq
†`L‡Z cv‡ibwb; eis AvjøvnB Zvu‡K †mme †`wL‡q‡Qb| AZGe Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K hv wKQz Av‡m Zv
68 kvgmyÏxb Ave~ Avwãjøvn Avj-KziZzex, Avj-RvwgÔ wj AvnKvwgj-KziAvb, Kvq‡iv: `viæj KzZze Avj-wgmwiq¨vn, 1964 wLª., ms.2,
L.17, c„. 85
69 cÖv¸³
70 Avj-KziAvb, 62:02
71 Avj-KziAvb, 2:229, 2:231, 2:151, 2:251, 3:48, 3:81, 3:164, 4:54, 4:113, 5:110, 62:02
72 Avjøvgv Beb KvQxi (in.), Aa¨vcK AvLZvi dviæK Ab~w`Z, Zvdmx‡i Beb KvQxi, XvKv: Bdvev, 1988wLª., L.1, c„. 748
73 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.), cÖv¸³, c„. 24
38
wbtm‡›`‡n Inx| myZivs KziAv‡bi AvqvZ QvovI bex (mv.) Øxb m¤ú‡K© hv wKQz e‡j‡Qb ZvI gnvb
AvjøvniB †cÖwiZ Inx, Zv m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e cÖgvwYZ nj|
cÖL¨vZ mvnvex Avey mvÔC` Lyìx (iv) n‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, GK`v R‣bK e¨w³ bex‡K (mv.) cÖkœ Kij, Bqv
ivm~jvjøvn! Kj¨vY wK AKj¨vY wb‡q Av‡m? ZLb bex (mv.) †_‡g †M‡jb| Avi cÖkœKvix‡K ejv n‡jv,
†Zvgvi Kx n‡jv †h, bex (mv.) fvlY w`‡”Q‡jb, wKš‘ (GLb) †Zvgvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qb bv? AZtci Avgiv
†`Ljvg †h, bex (mv.) Gi Dci Inx bvwhj n‡”Q, Avi wZwb Nvg gyQ‡Qb| Zvici wZwb ej‡jb:
cÖkœKvix †Kv_vq? G e‡j wZwb †hb cÖkœKvixi cÖksmv Ki‡Qb| Zvici ej‡jb, wbðqB Kj¨vY AKj¨vY
wb‡q Av‡m bv|74 G nv`xm †_‡K eySv †Mj †h, bex (mv.) KziAvb QvovI Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Inx cÖvß
n‡Zb Ges Gi gva¨‡g wRÁvwmZ wel‡q †R‡b D¤§vn‡K AeMZ Ki‡Zb| G QvovI wKQz wel‡q bex (mv.)
BRwZnv`x mgvavb w`‡jI ciÿ‡YB Avjøvn ZvÔqvjv Inxi gva¨‡g Zv Aby‡gv`b w`‡q‡Qb| myZivs KziAvb
e¨ZxZ Ab¨ hv wKQz D¤§vn‡K wZwb AeMZ K‡i‡Qb wKsev wkÿv w`‡q‡Qb ZvI Inxi wfwË‡Z ewY©Z ev
Aby‡gvw`Z nv`xm|
M. nv`xm KziAv‡bi m‡e©vËg e¨vL¨v
KziAvb †_‡K cÖgvY: Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv Zvi wcÖq bex‡K Zvi wKZv‡ei fvl¨Kvi e‡j †NvlYv w`‡q e‡jb,
َُْٚ‫َزَفَ َّنىش‬٠ ُْ ُٙ‫ٌَ َؼٍَّن‬َٚ ُْ ِٙ ١ْ ٌَِ ‫بط َِب ُٔ ِّذض َي‬ َ ١ْ ٌَِ ‫أَٔ َض ٌَْٕب‬َٚ ÒAvwg Avcbvi cÖwZ KziAvb AeZxY© K‡iwQ †hb,
ِ ‫ِّذَٓ ٌٍَِّٕن‬١َ‫ه اٌ ِّذز ْو َش ٌِزُج‬
Avcwb †jvK‡ì cÖwZ †h (weavb) bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡ì‡K my¯úófv‡e eywS‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib, Avi
hv‡Z Zviv Zv wb‡q wPšÍv-M‡elYv Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó75 Zvdmxi Beb Kvmx‡i DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q, D×…Z Avqv‡Z
whKi ( ‫ )اٌ ِّذز ْوش‬Øviv KziAvb D‡Ïk¨| Avi (Zv‡ì cÖwZ hv AeZxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q) Zv Øviv D‡Ïk¨, G KziAv‡bi
weavbvejxmn c~e©eZx© aŸsmcÖvß RvwZ‡Mvwôi Dci kvw¯Í m¤úwK©Z hv wKQz AeZxY© n‡q‡Q| myZivs bex (mv.)
n‡jb KziAv‡b ewY©Z weavbvejxi e¨vL¨vZv| 76 myZivs me©m¤§wZµ‡g KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨vq wZwb hv wKQz
e‡j‡Qb ZvB nv`xm|
nv`xm †_‡K cÖgvY: nhiZ wgK`vg Beb gvÔ`xKvive n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, bex (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡R‡b
ivL! Avgv‡K wKZve (KziAvb) †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi mv‡_ †`qv n‡q‡Q Zvi Abyiƒc Avi GKwU wRwbm|Ó77
G nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vq mybvb Avey `vD‡ì e¨vL¨v MÖš’ ÔAvIbyj gvÔey` G D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q, GLv‡b wKZve Øviv
KziAvb Kvixg D‡Ïk¨| Avi (Zvi mv‡_ Abyiƒc Avi GKwU welq) Øviv Inx MvBi gvZjy ev c‡ivÿ Inx
(nv`xm) D‡Ïk¨|78
N. wePviKv‡h© mvnvev wKiv‡gi Avgj
Avwgiæj gyÕwgbxb nhiZ ÔDgvi (iv.) KvRx ïivBn‡K GB g‡g© digvb cvwV‡qwQ‡jb †h, hLb †Zvgvi Kv‡Q
†Kv‡bv wePvi Avm‡e ZLb Zzwg Zv Avjøvni wKZve Abymv‡i dvqmvjv Ki‡e| Avi Avjøvni wKZv‡e
(mivmwi) †bB Ggb †Kv‡bv welq Avm‡j bex (mv.) Gi nv`xm Øviv dvqmvjv Ki‡e|79 Abyiƒcfv‡e gyÔAvh
Beb Rvevj‡K (iv) Bqv‡g‡bi MfY©i wn‡m‡e †cÖiY Kv‡j Z_vq wePvi-dqmvjv mgvav‡bi e¨vcv‡i Zv‡K
bex (mv.) wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb KziAvb, nv`xm I wKqv‡mi wfwË‡Z Zv cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb g‡g© Reve †`b| 80
74 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj eyLvix (in.), cÖv¸³, c„. 1358
76 nvwdh Bgv`yÏxb Beb Kvmxi, Zvdmxi Beb Kvmxi, W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ivngvb Ab~w`Z, XvKv: Zvdmxi cvewj‡Kkb KwgwU, 1986
wLª., c„. 475
77 Bgvg Avey `vD` myjvBgvb Beb AvkAvm (in.), mybvby Avex `vD`, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, Zvwe, nv`xm bs-4604
78 kvgmyj nK Avj-Avhxgvev`x, AvIbyj gvey` kiû mybv‡b Ave~ `vD`, •eiƒZ: `viæj KZze Avj-Bjwgq¨vn, 1415wn., L. 12, c„.231-32
79 Beªvnxg Beb g~mv Avk-kv‡Zex Avj gv‡jKx, Avj gyIqvdvKvZ dx Dm~wjk kvixAvn, •eiƒZ: `viæj gvwidvn, Zvwe, L.4. c„. 8
80 nvwim Beb ÔAvgi m~‡Î ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyjøvn gyÔAvh‡K Bqvgv‡b †cÖiYKv‡j Zuv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg (Bqv‡g‡bi RbM‡Yi gv‡S)
Kxfv‡e dvqmvjv Ki‡e? gyÔAvh ej‡jb, Avjøvni wKZv‡e hv Av‡Q Zvi gva¨‡gB Avwg dvqmvjv Kie| ivm~jyjøvn ej‡jb, hw` Avjøvni
wKZv‡e bv cvI? gyÔAvh ej‡jb, Zvn‡j ivm~jyjøvn Gi mybœvn Gi gva¨‡g (dvqmvjv Kie)? ivm~jyjøvn ej‡jb, hw` ivm~jyjøvn Gi
39
Beb gvmD` (iv.) e‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡iv wbKU hLb †Kv‡bv wePviKvh© Dcw¯’Z nq ZLb †m †hb Avjøvni
wKZve Øviv dvqmvjv K‡i| Avi Avjøvni wKZv‡e Zvi mgvavb mivmwi bv cvIqv †M‡j bex (mv.) Gi
dvqmvjvK…Z wel‡qi gva¨‡g mgvavb w`‡e|81 DwjøwLZ cÖwZwU wePviKvh© dvqmvjvi †ÿ‡Î [ÔDgvi, gyÔAvh
Beb Rvevj I Beb gvmD` (iv.)] Avjøvni wKZv‡ei c‡iB Zviv bex (mv.) Gi nv`x‡mi ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb|
O. nv`x‡mi Acwinvh©Zvi e¨vcv‡i mvnvev wKiv‡gi BRgv
mvnvev wKivg ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq I Zvui Idv‡Zi ci nv`x‡mi AbymiY, G‡Z ewY©Z wewaweavb
cvj‡bi evaëvaKZv, Gi wb‡`©‡ki ev¯Íevqb I wb‡la †_‡K †eu‡P _vKevi †ÿ‡Î HKgZ¨ wQ‡jb| nv`xm
KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zviv G `yB‡qi gv‡S we‡kl †Kvb cv_©K¨ m„wó Ki‡Zb bv; eis KziAvb-
mybœvn wbwe©‡k‡l mgfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Zb|82
2.2 cÖ_g hyM : wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v

ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi beyIqv‡ZvËi Kvj †_‡K 99 wnRix Z_v nhiZ Igi Beb Avãyj Avhx‡hi (in.)
wLjvdZ jvf ch©šÍ 112 eQ‡ii `xN© mgqKvj‡K cÖ_g hyM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU g~jZ: mvnvex
I cÖexY ZvweÕC‡ì hyM| wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi ch©v‡jvPbvq nv`x‡mi Drm Kx, KLbB ev Gi
DrcwË nq, রাসূল (স.) এর জীবদ্দশায় হাদীস PP©v I msiÿ‡Yi aib I cÖK…wZ †Kgb wQj BZ¨vw` cÖ‡kœi DËi
†LvRuvi ga¨ w`‡qB wb‡¤œ ms‡ÿ‡c avivevwnKfv‡e G kZvãxi nv`xm PP©v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
2.2.1.nv`x‡mi Drm
cÖvgvwYK Drm wn‡m‡e KziAvb Kvix‡gi c‡iB nv`xm kix‡di Ae¯’vb| weï× Áv‡bi AdyišÍ fvÐvi Bjwg
Inx| gnvb Avjøvn Zvi nvex‡ei cÖwZ †h Inx bvwhj K‡i‡Qb ZvB g~jZ: nv`x‡mi g~j Drm| nv`x‡mi fvlv
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wb‡Ri n‡jI Gi g~jfve Avjøvn ZvÔqvjviB| Gi cÖgvY ¯îƒc KziAvb gvRx‡` G‡m‡Q,
-‫ إِنْ ه َحُتو إِ اَّل َحو ْ ٌي يُتو َح ى‬-‫َحو َحما يَحنطِ ُتق َحع ِن ْال َحه َحوى‬
ÒwZwb (bex) cÖe„wËi Zvobvq gbMov †Kvb K_v e‡jb bv, hv e‡jb Zv AeZxY© Inx Qvov Avi wKQz bq| 83
G Inx `yÔai‡bi Z_v cÖZ¨ÿ Inx ev KziAvb gvRx`, Avi c‡ivÿ Inx ev nv`xm kixd|84Gi mc‡ÿ cweÎ
KziAv‡bi wb‡¤œv³ AvqvZ †_‡KI cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| KziAvb gvRx` †NvlYv Ki‡Q,
– ُُ ٍَ‫ َػٍَّن َّ َه َِب ٌَ ُْ رَ ُى ْٓ رَ ْؼ‬َٚ َ‫ ْاٌ ِذ ْى َّخ‬َٚ ‫َبة‬
َ ‫ه ْاٌ ِىز‬
َ ١ْ ٍَ‫أَٔ َض َي ُ َػ‬َٚ
Ò‡n ivm~j ! Avjøvn& Avcbvi cÖwZ wKZve I wnKgvZ bvwhj K‡i‡Qb, Avi Avcbv‡K Ggb welq wkÿv
w`‡q‡Qb hv Avcwb Rvb‡Zb bvÓ|85 Avjøvgv Beb Kvmxi (in.) [g„.778wn.] e‡jb, GLv‡b ÔAvj-wKZveÕ
gv‡b cweÎ KziAvb Ges ÒAvj-wnKgvn&Ó gv‡b mybœvn ev nv`xm|86 KziAvb I nv`xm Dfq GKB DrcwË¯’j
n‡Z DrmvwiZ| nv`xm kix‡dI Gi mg_©b cvIqv hvq| bex Kvixg (mv.) e‡j‡Qb,
-ٗ‫ ِضٍٗ ِؼ‬ٚ ْ‫ذ اٌمشا‬١‫ ار‬ٝٔ‫اال ا‬
mybœv‡Z bv _v‡K? gyÔAvh ej‡jb: (Zvn‡j) Avwg Avgvi BRwZnv‡ì gva¨‡g wm×všÍ Kie? ivm~jyjøvn ej‡jb, mKj cÖksmv Avjøvni
whwb Avjøvni ivm~‡ji `~Z‡K (mZ¨ †evSvi) ZvIdxK w`‡q‡Qb| [Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx, RvwgÔ wZiwghx, •eiƒZ:
`viæ BnBqvDZ Zzivm Avj-Avivex, Zvwe, nv`xm bs-1327]
81 Beªvnxg Beb g~mv Avk kv‡Zex Avj-gv‡jKx, cÖv¸³, c„.8
82 W. gynv¤§` Avh-hynvBjx, Avj-IqvRxh dx Dm~wjj wdKwnj Bmjvgx, `v‡gkK: `viæj LvBi, 2003wLª., c„.197
83 Avj-KziAvb, 53 : 3-4
84 Inx cÖavbZ `yÕcÖKvi, h_v : (1) Inx gvZj~, hv bvgv‡h wZjvIqvZ Kiv nq| Gi Aci bvg ÔInx RjxÕ ev cÖZ¨ÿ Inx (2) Inx Mv‡qi
gvZjy, GwU bvgv‡h cvV Kiv nq bv| Gi Aci bvg ÔInx LdxÕ ev c‡ivÿ/cÖ”Qbœ Inx| cÖ_g †kÖYxi Inx‡K KziAvb Ges wØZxq †kÖYxi
Inx‡K nv`x‡m e‡j|
86 Bgv`yÏxb Aveyj wd`v BmgvCÔj Beb Kvmxi, Zvdmxiæ KziAvwbj Avhxg, wiqv` : gvKZvevZz `vwim mvjvg, 1412/1992wLª., 1g
ms¯‥., L.1, c„.610
40
ÒAvgv‡K cweÎ KziAvb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges †mB mv‡_ GiB gZ Avi GKwU wRwbmÓ|87 nhiZ nvmmvb Beb
mvweZ (iv.) e‡jb, ÒwReivCj (Av.) bex Kixg (mv.) Gi wbKU nv`xm wb‡q AeZxY© n‡Zb, †hgb AeZxY©
n‡Zb cweÎ KziAvb wb‡q| wZwb KziAv‡bi b¨vq Zuv‡K nv`xmI wkÿv w`‡ZbÓ| 88 e¯‘Z bex Kixg (mv.)
Bmjvgx kixqv‡Zi hveZxq e¨vcv‡i Avjøvn ZvÕAvjvi wbKU †_‡K wbf©yj Ávb jvf Kivi c‡iB Rbm¤§y‡L
Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb|89 ivm~j (mv.) †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nv`xm MÖn‡Yi ¯úó wb‡`©k w`‡q Avjøvn e‡jb,
-‫ا‬َُٛٙ‫َب ُو ُْ َػ ُْٕٗ فَبٔز‬َٙٔ ‫ َِب‬َٚ ُٖٚ‫ ُي فَ ُخ ُز‬ُٛ‫ َِب آرَب ُو ُُ اٌ َّنشس‬َٚ
Òivm~j †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †h weavb, Rxebv`k© wb‡q G‡m‡Qb Zv MÖnY Ki, Avi hv †_‡K wZwb weiZ _vK‡Z
e‡j‡Qb, Zv †_‡K weiZ _vKÓ|90
Dch©y³ ch©v‡jvPbv †_‡K G K_v cÖgvwYZ nq †h, cweÎ KziAvb I nv`xm GKB e„‡šÍ cÖùzwUZ ÁvbfvÐv‡ii
cÖevngvb `yÔwU cy®ú m`„k| g~jZ: nv`xm cweÎ KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v; hv Qvov cweÎ KziAvb Abyaveb Kiv `yiƒn
e¨vcvi| G Kvi‡Y †g․wjKZv, cÖvgvwYKZv I Aek¨ AbymiYxq nIqvi w`K w`‡q Bmjvgx kixqv‡Z cweÎ
KziAv‡bi c‡iB nv`x‡mi Ae¯’vb| myZivs nv`xm Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi evYx bq, ivm~jøvn (mv.) Gi K_v, Ggb
Awf‡hv‡M nv`x‡mi cÖwZ †Kvbiƒc Zz”Q-Zvw”Qj¨ wKsev D‡cÿv cÖ`k©b Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB|
2.2.2.nv`x‡mi DrcwË
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) n‡jb nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cÖavb DrcwË¯’j| KviY Zvui (mv.) Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU gyûZ©B wQj
Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vi RxešÍ bgybv-RjšÍ D`vniY| Zvui cÖwZwU K_v-evZ©v, KvR-Kg©, IVv-emv, Pvj-Pjb,
†jb-‡`b, PvwiwÎK •ewkó¨ Ges Zvui Dcw¯’wZ‡Z K…Z-ewY©Z †Kvb KvR wKsev NUbvi Aby‡gv`b BZ¨vw`
mewKQzB nv`x‡mi AšÍf©y³| Zvu‡K wN‡i mvnvev wKiv‡gi †K․Z~n‡ji AšÍ wQj bv| Zv‡ì Ávb wccvlv wbeviY
Kivi wbwgË Z…òvZ© ü`q ivm~jcv‡b cÖwZÿvi cÖni ¸Y‡Zb Avi me©`v Zvu‡K Qvqvi gZ AbymiY Ki‡Zb|
ZvB †`Lv hvq, mvnvevMY ivm~j (mv.) Gi cÖwZwU evYx, Kg© I †g․b m¤§wZ Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ AbymwÜrmy
ü`‡q kÖeY I Abyaveb Ki‡Zb; d‡j Zviv †m¸‡jv mn‡RB ¯§„wZi gwb‡KvVvq mh‡Zœ mwÂZ ivL‡Z mÿg
n‡Zb| G QvovI wZwb †Kej Zvui gy‡Li K_vB bq, wb‡Ri KvRKg© I mvnvevM‡Yi K_v I Kv‡Ri mg_©b
w`‡qI Bmjvgx Rxeb weav‡bi e¨vL¨v `vb Ki‡Zb| mvnvexMY †mB e¨vL¨vZ nv`x‡mi gnvb ÁvbfvÐvi msMÖn,
mÂq I msiÿY Ki‡Zb| Zv‡ì RxebPjvi c‡_ hLbB †Kvb RwUjZv †`Lv w`‡Zv wKsev †Kvb cÖ‡kœi D‡`ªK
n‡Zv, ZLbB ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi wbKU mswkøó wel‡q wR‡Ám K‡i Zviv DËi †R‡b wb‡Zb Ges GKwU
Ag~j¨ m¤ú` wn‡m‡e Gi msiÿY Ki‡Zb| ZvB nv`x‡mi DrcwË cÖm‡½ Bebyj KvBwq¨g (in.) h_v_©B gšÍe¨
K‡i‡Qb,ÒmvnvexMY gnvbex (mv.) Gi m¤§y‡L Zvu‡ì bvbvwea cÖkœ I m‡›`n-mskq †ck Ki‡Zb Ges wZwb
Zvu‡ì‡K G¸‡jvi Reve w`‡Zb| d‡j Zv‡ì g‡b cÖkvwšÍ jvf Ki‡Zv| Zuvi wbKU kÎæivI mvnvexM‡Yi b¨vq
cÖkœ Ki‡Zv, Zv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wQj gnvbex‡K (mv.) cixÿv Kiv, SMov-weev` m„wó Kiv I wb‡R‡ì †kÖôZ¡ cÖgvY
Kiv| Avi mvnvexMY Øx‡bi inm¨ D`NvUb Kiv, ZË¡ eySv, Cgv‡bi `„pZv AR©b Kiv I Øxb cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
cÖkœ Ki‡Zb| Avi ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Zv‡ì mKj cÖ‡kœiB DËi cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| Aek¨ †hme wel‡qi †Kvb
DËi Zuvi (mv.) Rvbv _vK‡Zv bv (†hgb : wKqvgZ msNwUZ nIqvi mgq BZ¨vw`) †Kej †mme wel‡qB wZwb
bxieZv Aej¤^b Ki‡ZbÓ|91 wb‡¤œ nv`x‡mi DrcwË m¤úwK©Z KwZcq `„óvšÍ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
87 gynv¤§` Avey hvû, Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏmyb, •eiƒZ : `viæj KzZzwej Avivex, 1404/1984, c„. 11
88 Av`-`vwigx, Avm-mybvb, wgmi : `viæj KzZze Avj-Bmjvwgq¨vn, 1996wLª., L.1, c„. 96
89 bex Kixg (mv.) Gi wbKU `xb msµvšÍ †Kvb cÖkœ Kiv n‡j Ges †m wel‡q Zuvi c~e© Ávb bv _vK‡j wZwb ZvrÿwbKfv‡e Gi †Kvb
Reve w`‡Zb bv, eis wReivCj (Av) Gi gva¨‡g Avjøvn cv‡Ki Zid †_‡K mswkøó wel‡q mwVK Ávb jv‡fi ciB Zvi Reve w`‡Zb|
†hgb : GK`v R‣bK Bqvû`x cwÐZ bex Kixg (mv.) Gi wbKU G‡m wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, c„w_exi m‡e©vËg ¯’vb †KvbwU ? Gi mwVK DËi
Zuvi Rvbv wQj bv weavq ZvrÿwYKfv‡e Gi †Kvb Reve †`bwb| c‡i wZwb wReivCj (Av) Gi gva¨‡g Gi mwVK DËi †R‡b Zv‡K
Rvwb‡q w`‡jb, c„w_exi m‡e©vËg ¯’vb n‡jv gmwR`| (gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv : LvBiæb
cÖKvkbx, 1970wLª., c„.62)
91 Bebyj KvBwq¨g,hv`yj gvÕAv` dx nv`wq LvqwijÕBev`, fviZ : gyLZvi GÛ †Kv¤úvbx, 1880, L. 3, c„.75
41
K. QÙ‡e‡k wReivC‡ji (Av) AvMgb

KLbI KLbI nhiZ wReivCj (Av) gvbevK…wZ‡Z ivm~j (mv.) Gi gRwj‡m Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zvi wbKU wewfbœ
wel‡q cÖkœ K‡i DËi Rvbvi gva¨‡g Dcw¯’Z mvnvexMY‡K c‡ivÿfv‡e Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q wkÿv `vb
Ki‡Zb| GwUI nv`xm DrcwËi GKwU Dcvq, Zb¥‡a¨ Ônv`x‡m wReivCjÕ bv‡g L¨vZ nv`xmwU Gi D¾¡j
`„óvšÍ| ïå †cvkvK cwiwnZ, KzPKz‡P Kv‡jv †Kkwewkó, R‣bK AcwiwPZ †jvK gnvbex (mv.) Gi ìev‡i
Dcw¯’Z n‡q Cgvb, Bmjvg, Bnmvb, wKqvg‡Zi wb`k©b I Zv msNU‡bi mgq cÖf…wZ eywbqv`x wel‡q cÖkœ
K‡ib Ges ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) cÖ‡Z¨KwU cÖ‡kœi h_vh_ DËi cÖ`vb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb gRwjm Z¨vM Kivi
ci gnvbex (mv.) ÔDgi dviæK‡K (iv) wR‡Ám K‡ib, †n Dgi ! Zzwg wK Rv‡bv, GB cÖkK
œ vix †jvKwU †K?
ÔDgi (iv) ¯^xq AÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡j ivm~j (mv.) wb‡RB e‡jb,
– ُ‫ٕى‬٠‫ؼٍّىُ د‬٠ ُ‫ً اربو‬٠‫فبٔٗ ججش‬
ÒG cÖkœKvix wQ‡jb wReªvCj (Av)| wZwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K Øxb wkÿv`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jbÓ|92
L. cÖkœ Kivi cÖwZ Drmvn cÖ`vb
G ch©v‡q ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi wbKU mvnvexM‡Yi bvbv wel‡q cÖkœ K‡i DËi †R‡b †bIqv I Avgj Kivi
wel‡q cÖvgvY¨ MÖš’vejx n‡Z wKQz NUbv wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kivi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi DrcwËi `„óvšÍ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡”Q-
nhiZ Ave`yjøvn Beb ÔAveŸvm (iv) e‡jb, ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi hy‡M R‣bK e¨w³ AvnZ n‡j Zuv‡K †Mvmj
Ki‡Z ejv n‡jv| c‡i †m BwšÍKvj Ki‡jv| bex (mv.) G NUvbv ïb‡Z †c‡q ivMvwš^Z ¯^‡i e‡jb,
‫اي؟‬ٛ‫ اٌس‬ٝ‫ىٓ شفبء اٌؼ‬٠ ٌُ‫ا‬ ٍُٙ‫لز‬
ÒAvjøvn ZvÔAvjv H †jvK¸‡jv‡K aŸsm Kiæb ! (Avgvi wbKU wR‡Ám Ki‡j bv †Kb?) wR‡Ám KivB wK
me AÁZvi Aemvb bq?Ó93 Aci eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, bvIqvm Beb mvgÔAvb (iv) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~j Kvixg
(mv.) †K GKwU cÖkœ wR‡Ám Kivi Rb¨ `xN© GKwU eQi g`xbvq Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ| Ae‡k‡l Avwg Zuvi wbKU
‫( اٌجش‬Avj-wei) c~Y¨ I ُ‫( االص‬Avj-BQg) cvc m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Kijvg-
-‫ٗ إٌبط‬١ٍ‫طٍغ ػ‬٠ ْ‫ وش٘ذ ا‬ٚ ‫ ٔفسه‬ٟ‫االصُ ِب دبن ف‬ٚ ‫ اٌجش دسٓ اٌخٍك‬:ٍُ‫ س‬ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫فمبي سس‬
AZtci ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb,ÒÔweiÕ ev c~Y¨ n‡”Q DËg PwiÎ Ges ÔBQgÕ ev cvc Zv-B, hv †Zvgvi g‡b
m‡›`n-mskq RvMvq I ms‡KvP‡eva m„wó K‡i Ges Zv †jv‡Kiv RvbyK GUv Zzwg cQ›` K‡iv bv|Ó94
M. AvMš‘K‡ì wRÁvmvi Reve
‡Kej g`xbv Rbc‡ì †jvKRbB bq, eis `~i-`~iv‡šÍi bMi-e›ì I †e`yCbcjøx n‡ZI gymwjg-Agymwjg
wbwe©‡k‡l gnvbexi (mv.) mvwbœ‡a¨ G‡m wewfbœ wel‡q cÖkœ K‡i Zv‡ì Kvw•ÿZ DËi †R‡b wb‡Zb| d‡j
nv`xm fvÐv‡i hy³ n‡Zv bZzb bZzb Ávb| nhiZ Avbvm (iv) e‡jb, Avgiv gmwR‡` beex‡Z emv wQjvg
Ggb mgq D‡Ui wc‡V Av‡ivnY K‡i GK e¨w³ AvMgb Kij| †m Zvi DU‡K gmwR‡ì cv‡k eva‡jv|
AZtci †m wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ gynv¤§` †K? ZLb Zv‡K ejv n‡jv, H †h mv`v †cvkvK cwiwnZ
†njvb w`‡q emv, wZwbB gynv¤§` (mv.)| ZLb †m gnvbex‡K (mv.) wR‡Ám Kij, Avwg Avcbvi wbKU wKQy
cÖkœ Ki‡ev Ges cÖkœ Kivi e¨vcv‡i AZ¨šÍ K‡VviZvI cÖ`k© b Ki‡ev| Avcwb wKš‘ Avgvi Dci g‡b †Kvb
Kó wb‡Z cvi‡eb bv| AZtci bex Kvixg (mv.) Zv‡K cÖkœ Kivi AbygwZ cÖ`vb Ki‡j †m Avjøvn m¤ú‡K©,
mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi cÖwZ Zvui ivm~j wnmv‡e †cÖwiZ nIqv m¤ú‡K©, cuvP Iqv³ mvjvZ, GK gv‡mi wmqvg Ges
abx‡ì wbKU n‡Z hvKvZ Av`vq m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡jv| DË‡i ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) e‡jb, nu¨v! Avjøvn
ZvÔAvjv GmeB dih K‡i‡Qb| cwi‡k‡l †mB †jvKwU gnvbex (mv.) Gi DË‡i AbycÖvwYZ n‡q ej‡jv,
Avcwb †h Øxb wb‡q G‡m‡Qb, Zvi cÖwZ Avwg Cgvb Avbjvg, Avgvi bvg Ôwhgvg Beb QvÕjvevÕ, Avwg Avgvi
RvwZi †jvK‡ì wbKU Avcbvi cÖwZwbwa n‡qB wd‡i hvw”Q| 95
92 Bgvg gymwjg (in.), mnxn gymwjg, ‣eiæZ : `viæj wdKi, 2003wLª., L. 1, c„. 1266
93 Avng` Beb nv¤^j (in.), gymbv` Avng`, wgmi : Avj-gvZevÕAv Avj-wgmwiq¨vn, 1893, L.1, c„. 160
94 Bgvg gymwjg (in.), cÖv¸³, c„.31
95 Bgvg gymwjg (in.), mnxn gymwjg, ‣eiæZ : `viæjy KzZzwej Avjvwgq¨vn, 1991wLª., L. 1, c„. 1980
42
Abyiƒcfv‡e ÔAvãyj Kvqm †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwa `j bex Kvixg (mv.) Gi mvwbœ‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡q AviR Ki‡jv,
†n Avjøvni ivm~j (mv.)! Bmjv‡gi g~j welq m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy eY©bv Kiæb, hv Avgj K‡i Avgiv Rvbœv‡Z
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡ev Ges Avgv‡ì cðv‡Zi †jvK‡ì‡K Z`vbyhvqx Avgj Kivi Avnevb Rvbv‡ev| AZtci
bex (mv.) Zv‡ì‡K PviwU wel‡q Av‡`k I PviwU wel‡q wb‡la Ki‡jb|Ó96Ggwbfv‡e nhiZ Avey ûivqiv
(iv) e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~‡j Kvixg (mv.) Gi wbK‡U e‡mwQjvg| wZwb †jvK‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejvq e¨¯Í wQ‡jb|
Ggb mgq R‣bK Avie †e`yCb G‡m bex Kvixg‡K (mv.) wR‡Ám Kij, KLb wKqvgZ msNwUZ n‡e?
gnvbex (mv.) Zuvi K_v †kl K‡i †e`yCb‡K †W‡K ej‡jb,
-‫ؼذ االِبٔخ فبٔزظش اٌسبػخ‬١‫فبرا اض‬
ÒhLb AvgvbZ webó Kiv n‡e ZLb wKqvg‡Zi Rb¨ A‡cÿv Ki‡e|Ó †jvKwU wR‡Ám Kij, AvgvbZ
Kxfv‡e bó Kiv n‡e? bex (mv.) ej‡jb,
-‫ش اٍ٘ٗ فبٔزظش اٌسبػخ‬١‫ غ‬ٌٝ‫ارا اسذ االِش ا‬
Ò`vwqZ¡c~Y© KvR hLb Abychy³ e¨w³i Ici b¨¯Í Kiv n‡e, ZLb wKqvg‡Zi cÖZxÿvq _vK|Ó97
N. wcÖqbexi ¯^cÖ‡Yvw`Z e³e¨
bex Kvixg (mv.) mvnvev wKiv‡gi †h mKj cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Zb, Zv‡ZB †h †Kej nv`x‡mi DrcwË n‡Zv
e¨vcviUv Ggb bq; eis wZwb wb‡R cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wewfbœ mgq mvnvexMY‡K Øxb m¤ú‡K© wkÿv `v‡bi
gva¨‡gI nv`x‡mi DrcwË nq| nvbhvjv (iv.) e‡jb, ÔAvgiv GKw`b gnvbex (mv.) Gi mv‡_ wQjvg| G mgq
wZwb Avgv‡ì wbKU RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœv‡gi we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e eY©bv Ki‡jb| Gi d‡j G `ywU wRwbm Avgv‡ì
mvg‡b Ggb D¾¡jiƒ‡c D™¢vwmZ n‡q DVj, †hb Avgiv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg †`L‡Z cvw”Q|Õ98
O. gnvbexi wb‡`©k
KLbI ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) mvnvex‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ wb‡`©k Rvwi Ki‡Zb, ZLb mvenvexMY cvMjcviv n‡q Zv
cwicvj‡b cÖvYcb †Póv Pvjv‡Zb| G ai‡bi wb‡`©kvejxi gva¨‡gI nv`x‡mi DrcwË n‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½
রাসূল (স.) Gi GKwU cÖwm× evYx D‡jøL‡hvM¨,
‫َخاًل‬٠َ‫ْ ا‬ٌََٛٚ ٟ‫ْ ا َػِّٕذ‬ٛ‫ثٍَِّذ ُغ‬
ÒAvgvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU (nv`xm) evYx n‡jI Zv (gvbyl‡ì‡K) †cu․‡Q `vI|Ó 99 G wb‡`©kbv †c‡q mvnvevMY
nv`xm cÖPv‡ii AvgvbZx `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m‡ev©”P †Póv Pvjvb|
2.2.3. nv`x‡mi weKvkaviv

DwjøwLZ wewfbœ c×wZi gva¨‡g Bjwg nv`x‡mi DrcwË nq| GiB avivevwnKZvq nv`xm weKwkZ n‡q kv¯¿xqiƒc
cwiMÖn K‡i| ZvB nv`x‡mi weKvkaviv cÖm‡½ cÖ_‡gB রাসূল (স.) এর RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v I msiÿY Kxfv‡e
n‡qwQj †m m¤ú‡K© AbymÜvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|wb‡¤œ G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
2.2.3.1 ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq nv`xm PP©v I msiÿ‡Yi cÖavb Dcvq wQj mvnvexM‡Yi nv`xm gyL¯ÍKiY I
ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv RxešÍ ivLv | Avi nv`xm cÖPv‡ii cÖavb ev GKgvÎ Dcvq wQj †g․wLK
cÖPvi| Z‡e ivm~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M nv`xm wjwLZ nqwb Zv ejv hv‡e bv; wKš‘ Zv wQj wbZvšÍB bMY¨| ivm~j
(mv.) BwšÍKv‡ji mgq mvnvexM‡Yi সংখ্যা ছিল cÖvq GK jÿ †P․Ï nvRvi| G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki c‡ÿ me mgq
ivm~j (mv.) Gi mvwbœ‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i Zvui mKj K_v ïbv ev mKj KvR cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB
AwaKvsk mvnvexi ÁvZ nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ wKQz wQj ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU †_‡K mivmwi ïbv ev †`Lv Avi wKQz
wQj Acivci mv_x‡ì wbKU †_‡K ïbv ev †`Lv|
96 gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, cÖv¸³, c„.24-25

97 gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 17
98 Avng` Beb nv¤^j, cÖv¸³, c„. 153
99 gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 712
43
K. gnvbexi (mv.) gv°x Rxe‡b nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v

KziAvb bvwh‡ji m~Pbv jMœ †_‡KB KziAvb gvRx` gyL¯’ Ki‡Yi cvkvcvwk ivm~j (স.) Inx wjLK mvnvex‡ì
Øviv wbR ZË¡veav‡b Zv wj‡L ivLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ ïiæ †_‡K hZ w`b ch©šÍ mvnvexMY KziAv‡bi
eY©bv fw½, Dc¯’vcb c×wZ, welqe¯‘ BZ¨vw` †`‡L †KvbwU KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Avi †KvbwU Zv bq, GwU
eySevi †hvM¨Zv Zv‡ì nqwb ZZw`b ch©šÍ nv`xm †jLvi Ici ivm~‡ji (mv.) wb‡lavÁv ejer wQj| G
wb‡lavÁvi KviY g~jZ: KziAv‡bi mv‡_ nv`xm mswgkÖ‡Yi d‡j Bmjv‡gi Ac~iYxq ÿwZ †_‡K iÿv Kiv|
G cÖm‡½ nv`xm kix‡d G‡m‡Q,
‫ال تـكـتـبـوا عـنى و مـن كـتـب عـنً غـٌـر الـقـران فـلـٌـمـحـه و حـدثـوا عـنـى و ال حـرج و مـن كـذب عـلـى‬
‫مـتـعـمـدا فـلـٌـتـبـوا مـقـعـده مـن الـنـار ـ‬
Ò‡Zvgiv Avgvi nv`xm wjL bv| KyiAvb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ wKQz †KD wj‡L _vK‡j Zv gy‡Q †dj| Z‡e Avgvi K_v
†g․wLKfv‡e eY©bv Kivq †Kvb †`vl †bB| Avgvi bv‡g †h wg_¨v cÖPvi Ki‡e †m †hb Rvnvbœv‡g Zvi wVKvbv evwb‡q
†bq|Ó100 ivm~j (mv.) Gi G ai‡bi wb‡lavÁvi Kvi‡Y Zvui gv°x Rxe‡b nv`xm wj‡L msiÿY Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j
†Kvb cÖgvY cvIqv hvq bv| ZLb nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi GKgvÎ Dcvq wQj gyL¯’ ivLv| AvieMY ¯^fveMZfv‡e cÖLi
ax-kw³i AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zviv Zv‡ì ms¯‥…wZ, AvPvi-Abyôvb, †bZv‡ì ¯§iYxq NUbv, Kve¨-‡køvK, esk cwiPq
BZ¨vw` mewKQzB ¯^fvem~jf gyL¯’ K‡i ivL‡Zb| G gvbyl¸‡jv Bmjv‡g cÖ‡ek Kivi ci ivm~j (mv.) Gi
evYxmg~nI gyL¯’ Kivi gva¨‡g ü`q Mwn‡b ¯^h‡Zœ msiÿY K‡i ivL‡Zb| Zviv bex (mv.) Gi †h †Kv‡bv evYx
GKevi †kvbv gvÎB ¯§„wZc‡U AsKb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡Zb|101 Zv‡ì GB cÖLi ¯§„wZkw³i Kvi‡Y nv`xm PP©v I
cÖPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Gi Dci Zviv wbf©i Ki‡Zb| ZvB ejv hvq †h, ZrKv‡j nv`xm PP©v I msiÿ‡Yi gva¨g wQj
gyL¯’KiY, †g․wLKfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ges ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zv RxešÍ K‡i ivLv|
L. gnvbexi (mv.) gv`vbx Rxe‡b nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v
gnvbex (mv.) g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi ci mvnvevMY hLb KziAvb-nv`x‡mi cv_©K¨ my¯úóiƒ‡c Abyaveb Kievi
†hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡ib, ZLb mvaviYfv‡e Zv‡ì‡K nv`xm wjLvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| G mgq mvnvexMY
Zuvi gnvg~jëvb gwbgy³v m`„k evYx msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZ MÖnY K‡ib| Zuviv gnvbexi (স.)
cÖ‡Z¨KwU evYx Mfxi gb‡hvMmnKv‡i kÖeY Ki‡Zb Ges Zuvi hveZxq KvR-Kg©, Pvj-Pjb, AvPvi-AvPiY
BZ¨vw` mÜvbx `„wó‡Z Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Zb| d‡j gnvbexi (স.) evYx I mKj Kg© mvnvex‡ì ¯§„wZc‡U cv_i
†Lv`v‡qi gZ MÖw_Z I AswKZ n‡q †hZ| G Qvov gnvbex (স.) ¯^xq evYx gyL¯’ Kivi e¨vcv‡i wb‡`©kbv
w`‡q‡Qb, cvkvcvwk Zv cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii RbÏ DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ রাসূল (স.) e‡jb,
‫َخاًل‬٠َ‫ْ ا‬ٌََٛٚ ٟ‫ْ ا َػِّٕذ‬ٛ‫ثٍَِّذ ُغ‬
ÒAvgvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU (nv`xm) evYx n‡jI Zv (gvbyl‡ì‡K) †cu․‡Q `vI|Ó102 wZwb AviI e‡jb,
ً ‫وش ِه‬
‫يدا‬ ِ ‫القيام ِة‬
َ ‫شاف ًعا‬ ِ ‫نت لَه يوم‬ ِ َّ ِ ِ ِ ‫ُمتِي أَرب ِعين حديثا ِمن أ‬
َّ ‫َمن َحِفظَ َعمَى أ‬
َ َ َ ُ ُ ‫ و ُك‬،‫ َب َعثَهُ المهُ فَقيهًا‬،‫َمر دينها‬ َ َ
Ò†h e¨w³ Avgvi D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ Øxb m¤úwK©Z 40wU nv`xm gyL¯’ Ki‡e, Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv wKqvg‡Zi w`b
Zv‡K dKxn wn‡m‡e cybiæwÌZ Ki‡eb| Avi Avwg †mw`b Zvi Rb¨ mycvwikKvix I mvÿx n‡ev|103 nhiZ
Avãyjøvn Beb gvmD` (iv.) m~‡Î ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (mv.) e‡jb,
.‫نضر هللا امرءا سمع مقالتى فوعاها و حفظها و بلغها فرب حامل فقه الى من هو أفقه منه‬
ÒAvjøvn †m e¨w³‡K Av‡jv‡Kv™¢vwmZ K‡i †`‡eb, †h Avgvi K_v (nv`xm) ï‡b Zv msiÿY K‡i I
fv‡jvfv‡e gyL¯’ K‡i Ges Ac‡ii wbKU †cu․‡Q †`q| A‡bK Áv‡bi evnK Ggb †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q Ávb †cu․‡Q
100 Bgvg gymwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 1468

101 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv: KzZze Lvbv ikxw`qv, 1411wn., c„. 6-7.
102 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvBj Avj eyLvix (in), cÖv¸³, c„. 712
44
†`q, †h Zvi A‡cÿv AwaK Ávbx I weÁ|Ó 104 ZvB †`Lv hvq, ÔAvãyj Kvqm †Mv‡Îi cÖwZwbwa `j bex
Kvixg (mv.) Gi wL`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡q wb‡R‡ì Amyweavi weeiY †`b Ges ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU wb‡e`b
K‡i e‡jb, Bmjv‡gi g~j welq m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy eY©bv Kiæb hv Avgj Ki‡j Avgiv Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z
cvi‡ev Ges Avgv‡ì cðv‡Z Aew¯’Z m¤úª`v‡qi †jvK‡ì‡K Z`vbyhvqx Avgj Kivi Avnevb Rvbv‡ev|
AZtci ivm~j (mv.) PviwU wel‡q wb‡`©k I PviwU wel‡q wb‡la K‡i e‡jb,
-ُ‫سائى‬ٚ ِٓ ٖٚ‫ اخجش‬ٚ ٖٛ‫ادفظ‬
Ò†Zvgiv G¸‡jv gyL¯’ K‡iv Ges †Zvgv‡ì cðv‡Z hviv i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K †c․‡Qu `vI|Ó105
Dch©y³ nv`xm¸‡jvi eY©bvfw½ †_‡K †evSv hvq †h, ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`xm gyL¯’KiY I Zv cÖPv‡ii e¨vcv‡i
Drmvn-DÏxcbvg~jK wb‡`©kbv †c‡q mvnvev wKivg KziAvb gvRx‡ì b¨vq nv`xm gyL¯’Ki‡Y AvcÖvY †Póv
Ki‡Zb| hvi d‡j ev¯ÍweK Kvi‡YB cÖwZw`b gnvbexi mvwbœ‡a¨ wM‡q †h mKj mvnvexi c‡ÿ nv`xm kÖeY
Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv bv Zuviv Zuv‡ì Acivci mv_x‡ì wbKU †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY Ki‡Zb| GgbwK Zuviv kÖæZ
nv`xmmg~n ci¯úi cybive„wË, PP©v I ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Av‡jvPbv gRwj‡mi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb| Avi GB
Av‡jvPbv mfv gmwR‡` beex‡Z Avevi KL‡bv †Kv‡bv mvnvex‡ì evwo‡Z AbywôZ n‡Zv| nhiZ Avbvm (iv)
e‡jb, ÒAvgiv bex Kvixg (স.) Gi wbKU Ae¯’vb KiZvg Ges nv`xm kÖeY KiZvg| AZtci wZwb hLb
gRwjm Z¨vM Ki‡Zb ZLb Avgiv ci¯úi kÖæZ nv`x‡mi cybive„wË Ges gyL¯’ KiZvg|Ó106 gnvbexi (স.)
nv`xm cÖPv‡ii †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ n‡q mvnvexMY nv`xm †kvbv gvÎB Zv Ac‡ii wbKU †cu․‡Q w`‡Z Zrci
_vK‡Zb| †hgb : nhiZ eviv Beb Avwhe (iv) e‡jb, Avgiv gnvbexi (স.) gyL wbm„Z me nv`xm ïb‡Z
mÿg nBwb; eis Avgv‡ì A‡bK eÜz I mv_x Avgv‡ì wbKU nv`xm †cu․‡Q w`‡Zb| †Kbbv Avgiv AwaKvsk
mgq DU Piv‡bvi Kv‡R e¨¯Í _vKZvg|107
gnvbex (mv.) wb‡RB mvnvex‡ì wb‡q gmwR‡` beex‡Z Ávb PP©vi gRwj‡mi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Zb| †KD
gnvbex‡K (mv.) cÖkœ Ki‡j A_ev †Kvb wel‡q dvZIqv wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb Zvi Reve w`‡Zb| nhiZ
DiIqv (iv) nhiZ Avwqkvn (iv) †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib †h, GK`v widvÕi ¯¿x gnvbexi (mv.) Kv‡Q wR‡Ám
Ki‡jb †h, widv Avgv‡K wZb ZvjvK w`‡q‡Q, AZ:ci Avwg Avãyi ingvb Beb hyevB‡ii m‡½ weevn eÜ‡b
Ave× n‡qwQ| Avwg Zv‡K bcysmK wn‡m‡e †c‡qwQ| GZØ kÖe‡Y gnvbex (mv.) Zv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg wK
Avevi widvÕi Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z PvI ? Zzwg KL‡bv Zvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e bv, hZÿY ch©šÍ bv Zvi
gayi ¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡e Ges †m bv †Zvgvi ¯^v` MÖnY Ki‡e|Ó108
G QvovI mvgwqK wb‡lavÁvi ci ivm~jyjøvn (স.) KZ©„K nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb Avgi Bebyj ÔAvm (iv.) I
nhiZ Avey kvn (iv) nv`xm †jLvi AbygwZ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g mvnvevMY cybivq nv`xm †jLvq eªZx nb| G
ai‡bi wKQz nv`xm †_‡K Aby‡gq †h, gv`vbx Rxe‡b gnvbex (স.) nv`xm †jLvi †ÿ‡Î ïay mvaviY AbygwZB
†`bwb; eis nv`xm †jLvi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb AšÍivq m„wó n‡j Zv `~i K‡i w`‡Zb| bex (স.) Gi Aby‡gv`b, Drmvn
†c‡q Ges nv`xm wbfy©jfv‡e msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i †h mKj mvnvex (bMY¨ msL¨K) †jLv-
cov Rvb‡Zb Zviv wew”Qbœfv‡e nv`xm wj‡L Zv‡ì msMÖ‡n †i‡L w`‡Zb, Gi eû cÖgvY nv`xm kix‡d we`¨gvb
i‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov ivó&xª q cÖ‡qvR‡bI ivm~j (স.) wewfbœ mvnvexi Øviv digvb wjwL‡q wb‡Zb| mvnvexMY ivm~j
(স.) Gi evYx ïbvgvÎ †hfv‡e Zv gyL¯’ KiY Ges wjL‡bi gva¨‡g msiÿ‡Y Zrci wQ‡jb; wVK †Zgwbfv‡e
Kv‡R ev¯Íevq‡Yi gva¨‡gI Zviv nv`xm PP©v I msiÿY Ki‡Zb| Z‡e G K_v mZ¨ †h, gnvbexi RxeÏkvq
†hLv‡b KziAvbB msKwjZ nqwb, †mLv‡b nv`xm myweb¨¯Í MÖš’vKv‡i msKwjZ nIqvi cÖkœB D‡V bv|
104 Bgvg wZiwghx (in.), †gvn¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) KZ©„K ZvnKxK K…Z, mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx, XvKv: ûmvBb Avj-gv`vbx
cÖKvkbx, 2013wLª., L. 5, c„. 167
106 LwZe Avj evM`v`x, Avj-RvwgÕ wj AvLjvwKi evex Iqv Av`vwem mvwg, wgmi : `viæj KzZze Avj-wgmwiq¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 46
107 gynv¤§` Beb mvÕAv`, AvZ-ZvevKvZzj Kzeiv, ‣eiƒZ : `viæj wdKvi, Zv. we, L. 4, c„. 183
108 W. Av¾vR Avj-LZxe, cÖv¸³, c„. 62
45
M. mwÜPzw³ I wewfbœ‡`‡k `~Z †cÖi‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v

bex (mv.) g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡i g`xbvevmx Bqvûw`, wLª÷vb, †c․ËwjK, Avbmvi-gynvwRi gymwjg‡ì wb‡q
Òg`xbv mb`Ó bv‡g †h HwZnvwmK Pzw³bvgv ¯^vÿi K‡ib, hv 52wU avivq wjwLZ wQj|109 beyIqv‡Zi 6ô
wnRix‡Z û`vqweqvi mwÜi ci ivm~jyjøvn (স.) miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M wewfbœ †`‡k I m¤úª`v‡qi cÖwZwbwa‡ì
wbKU Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ A‡bK `~Z I cÖwZwbwa`j †cÖiY K‡ib| Zviv Zvui wjwLZ cÎ I wb‡`©k
†gvZv‡eK †`k I m¤úª`vq cÖavb‡ì‡K Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cu․‡Q †`b| d‡j gnvbex (mv.) Gi evYx wek¦gq
Qwo‡q c‡o|110 G Qvov wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki MfY©i‡ì cÖwZ cÖkvmwbK wb‡`©kbv I wPwV-cÎ †cÖiY, ivóªxq
digvb, †NvlYvcÎ, Pzw³bvgv I wbivcËvbvgv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡gI nv`xm PP©v n‡Zv| †hgb : gyÔAvh Beb
Rvevj‡K (iv.) Bqv‡g‡bi MfY©i I kvmK wn‡m‡e †cÖi‡Yi c~‡e© gnvbex (mv.) we‡kl wb‡`©kbv
w`‡qwQ‡jb|111 Abyiƒcfv‡e gnvbex (mv.) Zvi hy‡M Bqvgvb I evnivBb †_‡K wmwiqv ch©šÍ cÖvq `k jÿ
eM©gvBj we¯Í…Z wekvj Bmjvgx cÖRvZ‡š¿i kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvwi Kg©Pvix I Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU
wewfbœ wel‡q wPwV-c‡Îi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ †cu․‡Q †`b| gnvbex (mv.) Gi wPwVcÎ wbw`©ó MÖ‡š’
msKwjZ nq Ges Zv Bmjvgx iv‡óªi kvmbZ‡š¿i †MvocËb K‡i| AZGe ejv hvq, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi
ZË¡veav‡b ivóªxq wewfbœ wPwV-cÎ, digvb (nv`xm) wjLb Ges Zv cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i miKvwi D‡`¨vM M„nxZ
n‡qwQj|112 G D‡`¨v‡Mi gva¨‡gI nv`x‡mi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ GKwU Ask wjwLZ n‡q‡Q; hv bex hy‡M nv`xm
wjL‡bi cÖgvY enb K‡i|
2.2.4 mvnvex I cÖexY ZvweC‡ì hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v

ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi beyq‡ZvËi mgq †_‡K 99 wnRix (nhiZ Igi Beb Avãyj Avhx‡hi (in.) wLjvdZ
Kvj) ch©šÍ mg‡q nv`xm PP©vi aib-cÖK…wZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, `xN© GK kZvãx Kv‡ji AwaK mgq
ch©šÍ cuvPwU c×wZ113 Aej¤^‡b nv`xm PP©v I msiÿY n‡q Avm‡Q| h_v-
K. nv`xm wndh Z_v gyL¯’KiY;
L. nv`xm wjLb;
M. nv`xm wkÿv `vb;
N. nv`xm wiIqvZ ev eY©bv;
O. nv`xm Abyhvqx AvgjKiY;
K. nv`xm wndh Z_v gyL¯’KiY
Avjøvn I Zvui ivm~‡ji Rb¨ DrmwM©Z cÖvY mvnvexMY KziAv‡bi b¨vq nv`xm fvÐvi‡KI h_vh_fv‡e gyL¯’
Ki‡Y m`v m‡PZb wQ‡jb| we‡klZ: Avnjym-myddvi m`më„›` mve©ÿwYK ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvnPh© I
nv`xm wkÿvi R‡b¨ wb‡R‡ì Rxeb DrmM© K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| hviv Ab¨vb¨ `vwq‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y me©`v gnvbex
(mv.) Gi wL`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Z cvi‡Zb bv, Zuviv my‡hvM †c‡jB Avnjym-myddvi m`m¨‡ì †_‡K
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi ìev‡i KLb Kx N‡U‡Q, wZwb KLb Kx e‡j‡Qb, Zv †R‡b †bqvi e¨vcv‡i m‡Pó
_vK‡Zb| A‡b‡K Avevi cvjvµ‡gI ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvwbœ‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb| G e¨vcv‡i nhiZ Igi
109 Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.), Avm-mybvb, ‣eiƒZ: `viæi wimvjvwZj Avjvwgqv,2009wLª., c„.311
110 gynv¤§` Beb Avjx Avj-Avbmvix, Avj-wgmevûj gy`x, •eiƒZ : `viæj KzZze, Zv.we, c„.40
111 ÒhLb Zywg Avn‡j wKZve‡ì Kv‡Q AvMgb Ki‡e, ZLb Zzwg Zv‡ì‡K `vÔIqvZ w`‡e †h, Avjøvn Qvov †Kvb Bjvn †bB, gynv¤§` (mv.)
Avjøvni ivm~j| Zviv hw` GK_v †g‡b †bq Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡e Avjøvn ZvÔqvjv Zv‡ì Dci w`‡b-iv‡Z cvuP Iqv³ mvjvZ dih
K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zviv hw` GK_v †g‡b †bq Z‡e Zv‡ì Rvwb‡q w`‡e Avjøvn ZvÔqvjv Zv‡ì hvKvZ dih K‡i‡Qb, hv abx‡ì wbKU †_‡K
MÖnY K‡i Mixe‡ì gv‡S weZiY Kiv n‡e|Ó (Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvBj Avj eyLvix (in), cÖv¸³, c„. 187)
112 gvIjvbv byi gynv¤§` AvRgx (in.), nv`x‡miZË¡ I BwZnvm, XvKv : Gg`v`xqv cy¯ÍKvjq (cÖvt) wj.,cb©gy`ªY-2008wLª., c„.54;
(cieZx©‡Z G MÖš’wUi m~Î D‡jø‡Li †ÿ‡Î ïay MÖš’vKv‡ii bvg ÔgvIjvb AvRgxÕ eëüZ n‡e|)
113 we.`ª.: W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„.14-49
46
(iv) e‡jb, ÒAvwg Avgvi Avbmvix cÖwZ‡ekx AvZevb Beb gvwjK (gmwR‡` beex n‡Z 3/4 gvBj `~‡i
Aew¯’Z) AvIqvjx GjvKvq evm KiZvg| bexRxi mvwbœ‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z nIqvi R‡b¨ Avgiv cvjv wba©viY
Kijvg| †hw`b Avwg Dcw¯’Z nZvg †m w`‡bi Inx Ges Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Lei Avwg Zuv‡K w`Zvg| Avi wZwb
†h w`b Dcw¯’Z n‡Zb †mw`b wZwb Avgv‡K AewnZ Ki‡Zb|Ó 114 Abyiƒcfv‡e nhiZ Avbvm (iv.)
e‡jb,ÒAvgiv bex Kvixg (mv.) Gi wbKU emZvg, wZwb Avgv‡ì wbKU nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Zb| AZtci
wZwb Zuvi Kv‡R P‡j †h‡Zb, Avi Avgiv e‡m ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ Zv GKUvi ci GKUv cyb:cyb: Av‡jvPbv
KiZvg| Gici hLb gRwjm Z¨vM KiZvg, ZLb nv`xm Avgv‡ì AšÍ‡i Ggbfv‡e e×g~j n‡q †hZ, †hb
Zv Avgv‡ì AšÍ‡i †ivcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó115 ZvB †`Lv hvq, mvnvev wKivg Zv‡ì wkÿv_x©‡ì‡K nv`xm gyL¯’
Ki‡Y DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb gvmD` (iv.) ej‡Zb, Ò†Zvgiv ci¯úi nv`xm
Av‡jvPbv Ki| †Kbbv ci¯úi Av‡jvPbv‡ZB nv`x‡mi Rxeb|Ó 116 Avjx (iv.) Zvi wkÿv_x©‡ì
e‡jb,Ò‡Zvgiv ci¯úi wgwjZ n‡e Ges †ewk †ewk nv`xm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e; Ab¨_vq nv`xm †Zvgv‡ì AšÍi
†_‡K gy‡Q hv‡e|Ó117 Avey mvC` Lyìx (iv.) ej‡Zb, †Zvgiv ci¯úi nv`xm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e; †Kbbv
Av‡jvPbvB nv`xm‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q|Ó 118 Abyiƒcfv‡e Beb AveŸvm (iv.) Zvi QvÎ‡ì‡K cybt cybt
nv`xm PP©v Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zb| 119 Gfv‡e mvnvevMY I cÖexY ZvweCMY AK¬všÍ mvabv I Z¨v‡Mi
wewbg‡q gnvbex (mv.) †_‡K cÖKvwkZ mKj ai‡bi nv`xm gyL¯’ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g Zv msiÿY K‡i‡Qb|
L. nv`xm wjLb
KziAvb bvwh‡ji m~Pbv j‡Mœ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi mswgkÖ‡Yi Avk¼vq nv`xm †jLv wbwl× wQj| G wb‡lavÁv
†Kvb wPišÍb weavb wQj bv| G Kvi‡Y gv`vbx Rxe‡b ivm~j (mv.) mvaviYfv‡e ïay nv`xm †jLviB AbygwZ
†`bwb; eis G Kv‡R †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó n‡jI Zv wbimb K‡i w`‡Zb| D`vniY m¦iƒc D‡jøL Kiv hvq,
nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb Avgi Bebyj Avm (iv.) e‡jb, Avwg bex (mv.) †_‡K kÖæZ mKj nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi
Rb¨ wj‡L ivLZvg| GgbwU †`‡L KzivBk mvnvexMY Avgv‡K G KvR Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡ib| Avgv‡K Zviv
e‡j, Zywg ivm~j (mv.) Gi gy‡L hv †kvb Zv meB wj‡L ivL? A_P wZwb GKRb gvbyl| wZwb KLbI m‡šÍvl
wP‡Ë wKsev ivMvwš^Z n‡q K_v e‡jb| Avãyjøvn (iv.) e‡jb, AZtci Avwg nv`xm †jLv eÜ K‡i †`B Ges
GKw`b ivm~j (mv.) Gi wbKU welqwU Dc¯’vcb Kwi| G K_v ïbvi mv‡_ mv‡_ bex (mv.) wb‡Ri `yB
†Vuv‡Ui w`‡K Bkviv K‡i ej‡jb, ÒZzwg wjL‡Z _vK, †h Avjøvni nv‡Zi gyVvq Avgvi cÖvY Zvui kc_, Avgvi
gyL n‡Z cÖK…Z mZ¨ K_v Qvov Ab¨ wKQzB †ei nq bv|Ó G K_v ïbvi ci Avãyjøvn (iv) ivm~j‡K (mv.)
wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivm~j ! Avcbvi wbKU †_‡K hv wKQz ïb‡Z cvB meB wK wj‡L ivL‡ev? ivm~j
(mv.) ej‡jb,...nu¨v| wZwb cybivq wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, µ× I m‡šÍvl Dfq Ae¯’vq ejv me wj‡L ivL‡ev?
ZLb ivm~j (mv.) P~ovšÍfv‡e ej‡jb, Òn¨vu, G mKj Ae¯’vqI Avwg cÖK…Z mZ¨ Qvov wKQzB ewj bv|Ó120
nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv.) e‡jb, mvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKgvÎ Avãyjøvn Beby Avgi Bebyj ÔAvm (iv.) Qvov
Avgvi †P‡q †ekx nv`xm Avi †KD eY©bv K‡ibwb| KviY wZwb wj‡L ivL‡Zb Avi Avwg wjLZvg bv|121
nhiZ ivwdÔ Beb Lvw`R (iv.) m~‡Î ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Avgiv ejjvg, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn ! Avgiv Avcbvi
115 LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, Avj-Rvwg wj AvLjvwKi ivex Iqv Av`vwem mvwg, wgmi: `viæj KzZze Avj-wgmwiq¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 46; Avj-
nvwdh byiæÏxb Beb ÔAvjx Beb Avex eKi Avj-nvqmvgx, gvRgvÔDh hvIqvwq` Iqv gvbevDj dvIqvwq`, Kvq‡iv: Z¡vev Avj-Kz`ymx,
1353wn., c„.160
116 RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myq~Zx, Zvìxeyi ivex, KivPx : gxi gynv¤§` KzZze Lvbv, 1392/1972, ms¯‥.2, L. 2, c„. 152
117 nvwKg Avey Ave`yjøvn, gvÔwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xm, Kvq‡iv : gvKZvevZz `viæj KzZzwej Bmjvwgq¨vn, 1938 wLª., c„. 141
118 nvwKg Avey Ave`yjøvn, cªv¸³, c„. 141
119 Avey gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn Beb Avwãi ingvb Av`-`v‡igx, mybvb `v‡igx, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj evkv‡qi Avj-Bmjvgx, Zv.we, L. 1, c„. 147
120 Bgvg Avey `vD`, Avm-mybvb, w`jøx : Avmvûj gvZvwe, Zv.we, c„.32
121 Bgvg Avngv` Beb nv¤^j (in.), cÖv¸³, L.2, c„. 248; W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„.28
47
KvQ †_‡K hv wKQz ïwb Zv wK wj‡L ivL‡Z cvi‡ev? wZwb ej‡jb, Zv‡Z †Kvb Amyweav †bB| 122 nhiZ Avey
ûivqiv (iv.) m~‡Î ewY©Z, wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, GKevi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) GKwU Lyrev w`‡jb Ges wKQz Kvwnbx
eY©bv Ki‡jb| AZtci Avey kvn bvgK R‣bK mvnvex ej‡jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn! G fvlYwU Avgv‡K wj‡L
w`b| ZLb gnvbex (mv.) mvnvexMY‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb,
-ٖ‫ شب‬ٝ‫ا الث‬ٛ‫اوزج‬
123
Ò†Zvgiv Avey kvn‡K wj‡L `vI|Ó nv`xm‡eËv‡ì g‡Z, G wb‡`©k Øviv nv`xm wj‡L ivLvi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ
cÖv_wgK wb‡lavÁv iwnZ n‡q hvq| d‡j mvnvevMY cybivq nv`xm †jLvq eªZx nb|124 G g‡g© wZwb Av‡iv
¯úó K‡i †NvlYv K‡ib,
-‫ا اٌؼٍُ ثبٌىزبة‬ٚ‫ذ‬١‫ل‬
Ò‡Zvgiv (nv`x‡mi) Ávb‡K wjwce× K‡i ivL|Ó125
GiB avivevwnKZvq A‡bK mvnvex nv`xm wjwce× Ki‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb
mvnvexi msKjb n‡jv- (1) nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb Avgi BebyjÔAvm (iv.) KZ©„K Avm-mnxdv Avm-mvw`Kvn,
(2) mnxdv Rvwei Beb Avãyjøvn Avbmvix (iv.), (3) mvÔ` Beb Dev`vn (রা.) Gi mnxdv (4) mvgyiv Beby
Ryb`ye (রা.) KZ©„K wimvjvn ev cvÐzwjwc, hv Zvi †Q‡j myjvqgvb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| (5) Beb gvmD` (রা.)
Gi mnxdv, (6) Beb AveŸvm (রা.) Gi mnxdv, D‡jøL¨ †h, Zvui K…Z`vm Avey Kzivqe eY©bv K‡ib, Beb
AveŸv‡mi MÖš’v`xi weivU GKwU ¯‘c wQ‡jv; hv GKwU D‡Ui †evSv mgcwigvY| (7) mnxdv Iqvnve Beb
gybvweŸn (রা.), Rvwei Beb Avãyjøvn (রা.) 1540wU nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb hv Zvi wkl¨ Iqvnve Beb gybvweŸ
wjwce× K‡iwQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z G msKjbwU mnxdv Iqvnve Beb gybvweŸ bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| (8)
Avgi Beb nvhg (রা.) Gi ZvÕjxd ev iPbv, (9) mnxdv Avjx (রা.); G‡Z hvKvZ, nZ¨vi weavb, †Mvjvg
Avhv` KiY, Kvwd‡ii wewbg‡q gymjgvb‡K nZ¨v bv Kivi weavb, g`xbvi †n‡i‡gi mxgv‡iLv I Zvi weavb,
Ab¨‡K wcZv wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv wbwl× nIqvi weavb, A½xKvi f½ Kiv, Avjøvn Qvov A‡bï bv‡g cï RevB
Kiv, f~wgi cÖvPxb wb`k©bmg~n aŸsm Kivi wb›`v BZ¨vw` eû wel‡qi nv`xm D‡jøL wQj| (10) Avbvm Beb
gvwjK (রা.) Gi mnxdv BZ¨vw`|
M. nv`xm wkÿv`vb
nv`xm gyL¯’ I msiÿY Ki‡Z ivm~j (mv.) mvnvex‡ì cÖwZ †hgwb ZvwM` w`‡Zb, †Zgwb Zv Ab¨‡ì wbKU
†cu․‡Qw`‡Z DrmvwnZ Ki‡Zb| mvnvexMY G †ÿ‡Î AZ¨šÍ ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ wb‡R‡ì `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G
cÖm‡½ nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvwg GK`v bex Kixg (mv.) Gi mv‡_
wQjvg| wZwb gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek K‡i GK`j †jvK‡K Dcweó †`L‡Z †c‡jb| wZwb wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Zvgiv
†Kb e‡m AvQ? Zviv ej‡jv, Avgiv dih mvjvZ c‡owQ, Zvici e‡m Avjøvni wKZve I Zuvi bexi mybœvZ
(nv`xm) m¤ú‡K© cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv KiwQ|Ó126 G QvovI g°v weR‡qi ci Ges we`vq n‡¾i
w`b ivm~j (mv.) mvnvev‡ì mvg‡b †h Av‡eMNb HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi †klvs‡k wZwb
e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒDcw¯’Z †jv‡Kiv †hb Abycw¯’Z †jvK‡ì wbKU G K_v¸‡jv †cu․wQ‡q †`q|Ó127 KviY hviv
ivm~‡ji (mv.) nv`xm Ab¨‡ì wbKU †cu․‡Q‡`q Zv‡ì Dci mivmwi bexi (mv.) `yÔAv ewl©Z nq| G cÖm‡½
GKw`b bex (mv.) ej‡jb, -ٝ‫ُ اسدُ خٍفبئ‬ٌٍٙ‫ ا‬Ò‡n Avjøvn ! Zzwg Avgvi LwjdvM‡Yi Dci ingZ bvwhj
122 LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, ZvKÔB`yj Bjg, •eiƒZ : `viæ-BnBqvBm mybvœ wZb bvevweq¨vn, 2q ms¯‥., 1974 wLª., c„. 72-73
124 gynvg¥` Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, wgdZvûm mybvœ n, wgmi : gvKZvevZzj Avivweq¨vn, 1928wLª., c„.16
125 Beb Avãyj evi, RvwgÔDj evqvwbj Bjg Iqv dvhwjnx, wiqv` : `viæ Bebyj RvIhx, 4_© ms¯‥., 1417/1997wLª., L.1, c„.319
126 Bgvg nvwdR Avwe Avwãjøvn gynv¤§` Beb Avwãjøvn Avj-nvwKg Avb-wbkvcyix, Avj-gy¯ÍvìvK Avjvm mnxnvqb, •eiƒZ: `viæj KyZzeyj
Bjwgq¨vn, Zv.we, L.1 ,c„.172
127 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvBj Avj eyLvix (in), cÖv¸³, c„.28
48
Ki|Ó mvnvexMY wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Bqv ivm~jvjøvn ! Avcbvi Lwjdv Kviv ? Rev‡e bex (mv.) e‡jb, ٓ٠‫اٌز‬
-‫ب إٌبط‬ٍّٙٔٛ‫ؼ‬٠ ٚ ٝ‫ض‬٠‫ْ ادبد‬ٚٚ‫ش‬٠ Òhviv Avgvi nv`xmmg~n eY©bv K‡i I Zv gvbyl‡ì wkÿv`vb K‡i|Ó128
Gme evYx‡Z D×z× n‡q ivm~‡ji BwšÍKv‡ji ci mvnvex‡ì GK weivU RvgvÕAvZ G KZ©e¨ m¤úv`‡b eªZx
nb Ges mgMÖ Avie Rvnv‡b nv`x‡mi Av‡jv m¤úªmvwiZ K‡ib|
we‡klZ g`xbvq nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv) [g„.57wn.], Beb Igi (iv) [g„.73wn.], Avey ûivqiv (iv) [g„.57wn.]
cÖgyL mvnvexMY nv`x‡mi `vim Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| g°vq nhiZ Beb AveŸvm (iv) [g„.68wn.] nv`xm wkÿvi
GK weivU †K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡ib| Kzdvq nhiZ Avjx (iv) [g„.40wn.], Beb gvmD` (iv) [g„.32wn.], Avbvm
Beb gvwjK (iv) [g„.93wn.], cÖgyL cÖL¨vZ mvnvexMY nv`xm wkÿv`v‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| emivq nhiZ
Ave~ g~mv AvkÕAvix (iv) [g„.54wn.] kvmb Kvh© cwiPvjbvi m‡½ m‡½ nv`x‡mi ìm w`‡Z _v‡Kb| kv‡g
(wmwiqv) Avey mvC` Lyìx (iv) [g„.74wn.], wgm‡i Avgi Bebyj ÔAvm (iv) [g„.63wn.] nv`xm wkÿv`vb
K‡ib| G Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mvnvexMY wbR wbR GjvKvq nv`xm wkÿvi †K›`ª M‡o †Zv‡jb|ÕÕ 129 cÖexY ZvweCMY
Zvu‡ì †_‡K mivmwi nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib| g`xbvi wewfbœ AÂ‡j mvnvexMY Ô•bk we`¨vjqÕ ai‡bi
wkÿv‡K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡ib| KviY hviv w`‡bi †ejvq RxweKvi mÜv‡b e¨¯ÍZvi ìæY wkÿv ewÂZ _vK‡Zb
Zv‡ì Rb¨ GwU wQj weKí eë¯’v| Gme we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv_©x‡ì m¤ú‡K© Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^j (in.)
e‡jb, Òiv‡Zi AÜKvi hLb Zv‡ì‡K †X‡K †dj‡Zv, ZLb Zviv g`xbvq Aew¯’Z Zv‡ì wkÿK‡ì wbKU
P‡j †h‡Zb Ges †mLv‡b Zvuiv mKvj †ejv ch©šÍ covïbvi Kv‡R gk¸j _vK‡Zb|Ó130 nv`xm we‡klÁ
cÖL¨vZ ZvweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-
mvÕC` Beb gvmvwqë, DiIqvn Beb hyevqi, Beb wknve Avh-hynix, Devq`yjøvn Beb DZev Beb gvmD`,
mvwjg Beb Avwãjøvn, gynv¤§` Beb Avj-gybKvwì, bvwdÕ gvIjv Beb Dgi cÖgyL g`xbvq nv`xm wkÿv`vb
K‡i‡Qb| gyRvwn`, AvZv web Avwe ivevn, mvÕC` Beb hyevqi, BKivgvn cÖgyL g°vq nv`xm wkÿv`vb
K‡i‡Qb| gvmiæK Beb Avh`v, AvmIqv` Beb Bqvwh`, Avb-bvLC, Beivnxg Beb Bqvwh` Avb-bvLC,
Avwgi Beb ïivnexj Avj-kvÕex cÖgyL Kzdvq nv`xm wkÿv`vb K‡i‡Qb| nvmvb emix, gynv¤§` Beb wmwib,
AvBDe myLwZqvbx, KvZv`vn, Avãyjøvn Beb AvDb, Avwmg Beb myjvBgvb cÖgyL emivq nv`xm wkÿv`vb
K‡i‡Qb| mvwjg Beb Avãyjøvn Avj-gynviex, Avey myjvBgvb `vwigx, gvKûj Avj-w`gv¯‥x, Bgvg AvIhvqx
cÖgyL wmwiqvq nv`xm wkÿv`vb K‡i‡Qb| Bqvhx` Beb Avex ûevBe, Dgvi Beb nvwiQ, Avãyi ingvb
MvwdKx, LvBi Beb byÕAvBg Avj-nvìvgx cÖgyL wgm‡i nv`xm wkÿv`vb K‡i‡Qb| G ch©v‡jvPbvq 26Rb
Bgvg gynvwÏm ivexi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|131 Gfv‡e cieZx© ¯Í‡i nv`xm PP©v I wkÿv`vb Áv‡bi GKwU
RbwcÖq m¦Zš¿ kvLv wn‡m‡e Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
N. nv`xm wiIqvqvZ ev eY©bv

রাসূল (স.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji mgq Zuvi mvnvex‡ì msL¨v wQj cÖvq GK jÿ¨ †P․Ï nvRvi|132 Z‡e cÖL¨vZ
gynvwÏm Avey hyiAv (in.) Gi g‡Z, mvnvex‡ì msL¨v GK jÿvwaK|133 Bgvg kvwdC (in.) e‡jb, Zvu‡ì
msL¨v (g°v I g`xbvq) wQj lvU nvRvi|134 mvnvev wKiv‡gi msL¨v wb‡q gZcv_©K¨ _vK‡jI G wel‡q
HKgZ¨ i‡q‡Q †h, mKj mvnvex nv`xm eY©bv K‡ibwb| Z‡e eû mvnvex nv`xm eY©bv Kiv †_‡K weiZ
128 Avj-nvwdh byiæÏxb Beb ÔAvjx Beb Avex eKi Avj-nvqmvgx, cÖv¸³, L.2, c„.263
129 we. `ª. : gynv¤§` Ave~ hvû, Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏmyb, •eiƒZ : `viæj KzZzwej Avivex, 1404/1984wLª., c„. 101-108
130 Beb nvRvi AvjÔAvmKvjvbx, Avj-Bmvev, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj KzZzeyj Bjwgq¨vn, L.7, c„. 205
131 we. `ª.: RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myqyZx, cÖv¸³, c„.277-278
132 gynv¤§` Beb Avãyj evKx Avh-hviKvbx, kin gyAvËv gvwjK, •eiƒZ: `viæj KzZzeyj Bjwgq¨vn, 1411wn., L.2, c„.341
133 kvgmyÏxb Avm-mvLvex, dvZûj gyMxm, •eiƒZ : `viæj BgvwgZ Zvevix, 1409/1996wLª., L.4, c„. 39
134 Aveyj wd`v BmgvCj Beb Dgi Beb Kvmxi (in.), Avj-evÔwqmyj nvmxm dx BLwZmvwi Dj~gyj nv`xm, •eiƒZ: `viæj KzZzwej
Avjvwgq¨vn , Zv.we, c„. 25
49
†_‡K‡Qb wKsev Zv‡ì eY©bvm~‡Îi avivevwnKZv cieZx© hy‡Mi nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi wbKU †cu․‡Qwb| Z‡e
Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wmsnfvM mvnvex nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb e‡j Abygvb Kiv hvq; wKš‘ Zv‡ì msL¨v mywbw`©ó K‡i
ejv `yiƒn e¨vcvi| eY©bv m~‡Îi ci¤úivq †h mKj mvnvexi nv`xm cieZ©x hy‡M G‡m †cu․‡Q‡Q †m mKj
nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex‡ì msL¨v KZ Zv wb‡q gynvwÏmM‡Yi wewfbœ gZvgZ cwijwÿZ nq| nvwKg Avey
Avãyjøvn wbkvcyix (in.) e‡jb, nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex‡ì msL¨v cÖvq Pvi nvRvi e‡j gZ w`‡q‡Qb|
Aek¨ nvwdh hvnvex (in.) wfbœ AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i e‡jb, Zv‡ì msL¨v 1500 Gi g‡Zv n‡Z cv‡i; Z‡e
Zv‡ì msL¨v †Kvb g‡ZB 2000 ch©šÍ †c․uQv‡e bv| Bgvg Beb nvhg Rv‡nixi g‡Z, bex (mv.) †_‡K nv`xm
eY©bvKvix mvnvexi msL¨v †gvU 1018 Rb| Bgvg Avng` (in.) Zvi gymbv‡` †gvU 904 Rb mvnvex †_‡K
nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| evKx Beb gvLjv` (in.) Zvi gymbv‡` Ggb Av‡iv 568 Rb mvnvex †_‡K nv`xm
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hv‡ì †_‡K Bgvg Avng` eY©bv K‡ibwb| Avey eKi Avj-eviKx GB ZvwjKvq Av‡iv 87
R‡bi bvg ewa©Z K‡i‡Qb, hv‡ì †_‡K evKx Beb gvLjv` I Bgvg Avng` nv`xm AvniY K‡ibwb| Bgvg
Bebyj hvIhx Av‡iv 6 R‡bi bvg ewa©Z K‡i‡Qb| 135 myZivs †gvU msL¨v `vuovq (904 + 568 + 87 + 6)
= 1565 Rb| Z‡e GB ZvwjKvi Kv‡iv Kv‡iv mvnvex nIqvi e¨vcv‡i wØgZ i‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z nv`xm eY©bvKvix
mvnvexi msL¨v wb‡q wewfbœ gZ‣ewPÎ _vK‡jI Zv‡ì msL¨v 1500 Gi gZ e‡j Bgvg hvnvex †h gšÍe¨
K‡i‡Qb †mwUB AwaK e¯‘wbô gZ e‡j cÖZxqgvb nq|
nv`xm kv‡¯¿i †h wekvj ÁvbfvÐvi i‡q‡Q Zvi wfwË g~jZ: DwjøwLZ †ò nvRvi mvnvex; hv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g
ch©vq: me©vwaK (1000Gi †ekx) nv`xm eY©bvKvix 7 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 16870wU;
2q ch©vq: nv`xm eY©bvKvix 4 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z (500-999) †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 2621wU; 3q ch©vq:
nv`xm eY©bvKvix 28 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z (100-499) †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 5459wU; 4_© ch©vq: nv`xm
eY©bvKvix 45 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z (40-99) †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 2644wU; 5g ch©vq: nv`xm eY©bvKvix
111 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z (10-39) †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 2122wU; me©‡kl ch©vq: nv`xm eY©bvKvix 916
Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z (01-09) †gvU nv`xm msL¨v 1980wU| 136 AZGe DwjøwLZ cwimsL¨vb †_‡K Rvbv
hvq, me©‡gvU nv`xm eY©bvKvixi (ivexi) msL¨v 1111 Rb Ges Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v †gvU 31,696wU|
O. nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvexM‡Yi †kÖwYweb¨vm
nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvexM‡Yi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi msL¨vi Dci wfwË K‡i gynvwÏmMY Zv‡ì‡K wZbwU ¯Í‡i
web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb| h_v -
1. Avj-gyKwmiæb (‫)المكثرون‬
2. Avj-gyZvIqvmwmZzb (ْٛ‫سط‬ٛ‫)اٌّز‬
3. Avj-gywKjøyb (ٍْٛ‫)اٌّم‬
1. Avj-gyKwmiæb (‫)المكثرون‬
†h mKj nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex GKnvRvi ev mn¯ªvaxK nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K gyKwmiæb ivex
e‡j|137G ch©v‡qi ivexi msL¨v me©‡gvU mvZ Rb|138 Beb RvIhx (in.) Gi gZ Abymv‡i139 wb‡¤œ Zuv‡ì
bvg I ewY©Z nv`x‡mi msL¨v m¤^wjZ GKwU mviYx cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
135 we. `ª. : W. gynv¤§` Avey hvû, cÖv¸³, c„. 132; RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myqyZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 221; Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv, nv`xm
Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ, XvKv : gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, 2009wLª., c„. 14
136 we.`ª.: Bebyj RvIhx, ZvjKxn dzûwg Avnwjj AvQvi, ‣eiƒZ: wkiKvZzZ-`vb Avj-AviKvg Beb Avwej AviKvg, 1997wLª., c„.
262-274
137 W. gynv¤§` Avey hvû, cÖv¸³, c„.432
138 cÖv¸³
139 Bebyj RvIhx, cÖv¸³, c„. 262
50
mviYx-1
µwgK AwaK nv`xm eY©bvKvix g„Zy¨ ewY©Z nv`x‡mi eyLvix I gymwj‡g eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z gymwj‡g ewY©Z
mvnvexM‡Yi bv‡gi ZvwjKv msL¨v ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v nv`xm msL¨v nv`xm msL¨v
1 Avey ûivqiv (iv.) 57 wn: 5374 325 79 93
2 Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv.) 93 wn: 2286 168 83 91
3 ÔAvwqkv wmÏxKv (iv.) 57 wn: 2210 174 54 58
4 ÔAve`yjøvn Beb ÔAveŸvm (iv.) 68 wn. 1660 95 120 49
5 ÔAve`yjøvn Beb ÔDgvi (iv.) 73 wn. 2630 173 81 31
6 Rvwii Beb ÔAvwãjøvn (iv.) 74 wn. 1540 60 26 26
7 Avey mvÕC` Lyìx (iv.) 74 wn. 1170 46 16 52
2. Avj-gyZvIwm&mZzb (‫)المتوسطون‬
†h mKj nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex 500 †_‡K 1000 Gi Kg msL¨K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì‡K
gyZvIwm&mZzb e‡j|140 G msL¨K nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvexi msL¨v me©‡gvU 4 Rb| 141 wb‡¤œ G wel‡q GKwU
mviYx cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
mviYx-2
µwgK ga¨g msL¨K nv`xm eY©bvKvix g„Zy¨ ewY©Z nv`x‡mi eyLvix I gymwj‡g eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z gymwj‡g ewY©Z
mvnvexM‡Yi bv‡gi ZvwjKv msL¨v ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v nv`xm msL¨v nv`xm msL¨v
1 ÔAvãyjøvn Beb gvmÕD` (iv.) 32 wn. 848 64 21 35
2 ÔAvãyjøvn Beb ÕAvgi BebyjÕAvm (iv.) 63 wn. 700 7 8 20
3 ÔAvjx Beb Avex Zvwje (iv.) 40 wn. 536 20 9 15
4 ÔDgi Bebyj LvËve (iv.) 23 wn. 537 Ñ Ñ Ñ
3. Avj-gywKjøyb (‫)المقلون‬
†h mKj nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex cuvP kZ Gi Kg Ges Pwjø‡ki AwaK nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì‡K
gywKjøyb ejv nq|142 Zv‡ì msL¨v 59 Rb|143 Bgvg Beb nvhg G wel‡q GKwU weivU ZvwjKv D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb|Ó144 gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjv‡gi g‡Z 145 Zv‡ì msL¨v 57 Rb| Z‡e Beb RvIhxi eY©bv Abyhvqx
Zv‡ì msL¨v 62 Rb| wb‡¤œi mviYx‡Z Zuv‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKv I ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
mviYx-3
µwgK Aí msL¨K nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvexM‡Yi bv‡gi ZvwjKv g„Zz¨ ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v
1 nhiZ D¤§y mvjgv (iv.) 59 wn. 378
2 nhiZ Ave~ g~mv Avj -AvkÕAvix (iv.) 58 wn. 360
3 nhiZ eviv Beb ÔAvwhe (iv.) 72 wn. 305
4 nhiZ Ave~ hvi wMdvix (iv.) 32 wn. 281
5 nhiZ mvÕAv` Beb Avey Iqv°vm (iv.) 55 wn. 271
6 gvÕ` Beb Bqvgvb - 225
7 nhiZ mvnj Avbmvix (iv.) 91 wn. 188
8 nhiZ ÔDev`vn Beb mvwgZ (iv.) 34 wn. 181
9 nhiZ Avey `vi`vn DÔAvBgvi Beb ÔAvgi (iv.) 32 wn. 179
140 gydwZ Avgxgyj Bnmvb, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv: KzZze Lvbv iwk`xqv, 1411 wn., c„. 12
141 Bebyj RvIhx, cÖv¸³, c„. 274
142 kvn Iqvjx Djøvn Av`-w`njvfx, BhvjvZyj Lvdvn, Zv.we, Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwgjvn, L.6, c„.241; gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 48
143 kvn Iqvjx Djøvn Av`-w`njvfx, cÖv¸³, c„. 242; gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 16-20
144 we.`ª.: Beb nvhg, dv`vBjym mvnvev, wgmi : `viæj gvÔAvwid, Zv.we., c„. 319-325
145 gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †P․ayix, Zvix‡L Bjgyj nv`xm, XvKv: mvDw`qv KzZzeLvbv, Rvby. 1997 wLª., c„. 39
51
10 nhiZ gyÔAvh Beb Rvevj (iv.) 18 wn. 157

11 nhiZ Avey KvZv`vn Avbmvix (iv.) 54 wn. 170
12 nhiZ ÔDevB Beb KvÔAve (iv.) 19 wn. 164
13 nhiZ eyivB` Beb ûmvBe Avmjvgx (iv.) 63 wn. 167
14 nhiZ Avey AvBq~e Avbmvix (iv.) 51 wn. 155
15 nhiZ ÔDmgvb (iv.) 146 wn. 146
16 nhiZ Rvwei Beb mvgyivn (iv.) 74 wn. 146
17 nhiZ Avey eKi wmÏxK (iv.) 13 wn. 142
18 nhiZ gyMxivn Beb ïÔevn (iv.) 50 wn. 136
19 nhiZ Ave~ evKivn bvdxÔBeb nvwim (iv.) 49 wn. 132
20 nhiZ Bgivb Beb †nvmvBb (iv.) 52 wn. 180
21 nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) 60 wn. 163
22 nhiZ Dmvgvn Beb hvB` (iv.) 54 wn. 128
23 nhiZ mvIevb (iv.) 54 wn. 128
24 nhiZ byÔgvb Beb evkxi (iv.) 65 wn. 114
25 nhiZ mvgyiv Beb Rb`ye (iv.) 40 wn. 123
26 nhiZ Avey gvmD` (iv.) 40 wn. 102
27 nhiZ Rvixi Beb ÔAvãyjøvn Avj evRvjx (iv.) 51 wn. 100
28 nhiZ ÔAvãyjøvn Beb Avex AvIdv (iv.) 77 wn. 95
29 nhiZ hvwq` Beb mvweZ Avbmvix (iv.) 48 wn. 92
30 nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb weki (iv.) - 50
31 nhiZ hvwq` Beb AviKvg Avbmvix (iv.) 68 wn. 70
32 nhiZ hvwq` Beb Lvwj` (iv.) 78 wn. 81
33 nhiZ mvC` Beb hvq` Beb bydvqj (iv.) 51 wn. 48
34 nhiZ ivwdÔ Beb Lv`xR (iv.) 74 wn. 78
35 nhiZ mvjvgv Beb AvKIqv (iv.) 74 wn. 77
36 nhiZ Avey ivwd (iv.) 35 wn. 68
37 nhiZ Avãyi ingvb web AvId 32 wn. 65
38 nhiZ ÔAv`x Beb nvwZg (iv.) 68 wn. 66
39 nhiZ mvjgvb dvimx (iv.) 34 wn. 60
40 nhiZ nvdmvn (iv.) 40 wn. 60
41 nhiZ mvÏv` Beb AvIm (iv.) 60 wn. 50
42 nhiZ D‡¤§ nvexevn web‡Z Avey mywdqvb (iv.) 44 wn. 65
43 nhiZ Av¤§vi Beb Bqvmvi (iv.) 37 wn. 62
44 nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb hvq` (iv.) 32 wn. 48
45 nhiZ hyevBi Beb gyZÔCg (iv.) 58 wn. 60
46 nhiZ Avgi web AvId (iv.) - 62
47 nhiZ Avmgv webZ Avey eKi (iv.) 74 wn. 58
48 nhiZ Avmgv web‡Z DgvBm 39 wn. 60
49 nhiZ KÔvAve Beb DRiv (iv.) 55 wn. 47
50 nhiZ gvBgybvn (iv.) 51 wn. 76
51 nhiZ D‡¤§ nvbx webZ Avey Zvwje (iv.) 50 wn. 46
52 nhiZ Avey RynvBdvn Iqvnve Beb ÔAvãyjøvn (iv.) 74 wn. 45
53 nhiZ wejvj Beb ivevn (iv.) 18 wn. 44
54 nhiZ wgK`vg Avey Kvixgv 87 wn. 47
52
55 nhiZ wgK`v` Beb AvmIqv` 33 wn. 42

56 nhiZ D¤§y AvwZAvn bymvBevn Avbmvix (iv.) Ñ 40
57 nhiZ Avey evi&iv (iv.) - 46
58 nhiZ Ryb`ye Beb Avãyjøvn 70 wn. 43
59 nhiZ gyÕAvweqv Beb nvB`vn (iv.) - 42
60 nhiZ nvKxg Beb wnhvg (iv.) 54 wn. 40
61 nhiZ mvnj Beb ûbvBd (iv.) 38 wn. 40
62 nhiZ Avey QvÔjvev Avj-Lymvbx (iv.) 75 wn. 40
O. nv`xm Abyhvqx AvgjKiY

ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi cÖwZwU evYx gyL¯’ Ki‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv Kv‡R ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvnvexMY wQ‡jb m`v
Zrci| G Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Kg©avivi gva¨‡gI nv`xm PP©vi µgweKvk Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi
†Kvb Av‡`k-wb‡la ev digvb‡K Zviv wb‡R‡ì •bwgwËK Af¨v‡m cwiYZ Kivi cÖvYvšÍ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Zb|
G m¤ú‡K© nhiZ Ave`yjøvn Beb gvmD` (iv) e‡jb, ÒAvgv‡ì †KD hLb `kwU AvqvZ wkÿv jvf Ki‡Zv,
ZLb Dnvi A_© DËgiƒ‡c ü`q½g Kiv I Z`vbyhvqx Avgj Kivi c~‡e© †m Avi wKQz †kLvi R‡b¨ AMÖmi
n‡Zv bv|Ó146 nv`xm Abyhvqx Avgj Kivi R‡b¨ Ges Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK wewa-weavb mvnvex‡ì •`bw›`b
Rxe‡b ev¯Íevq‡bi w`‡K bex (mv.) ¯^qs we‡klfv‡e jÿ¨ ivL‡Zb| mvnvexMY hv‡Z mybœvZ Abyhvqx mvjvZ
Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ Zv‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ivm~j (mv.) e‡jb, - ٍٝ‫ اص‬ّٝٔٛ‫ز‬٠‫ا وّب سا‬ٍٛ‫ص‬ÒAvgv‡K †Zvgiv
†hfv‡e mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z †`L, wVK †mfv‡eB †Zvgiv mvjvZ Av`vq Ki|Ó 147 nv¾i wbqg-bxwZ
Abymi‡Yi R‡b¨ e‡jwQ‡jb, -ُ‫ ِٕبسىى‬ٕٝ‫ا ػ‬ٚ‫ خز‬ÒAvgvi wbKU n‡Z n¾ cvj‡bi wbqg-Kvbyb †Zvgiv
(wkÿv) MÖnY Ki|Ó148 KLbI mvnvexM‡Yi Avg‡j ÎæwU †`Lv †M‡j wZwb Zv ms‡kvab K‡i w`‡Zb| GKevi
bexRx gmwR‡` beex‡Z R‣bK mvnvex‡K mybœ‡Zi cwicwš’ mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z †`‡L e‡jwQ‡jb, ‫اسجغ‬
- ً‫ فصً فبٔه ٌُ رص‬ÒZzwg cybivq mvjvZ Av`vq Ki, †Kbbv Zzwg (mwVKfv‡e) mvjvZ cowb|Ò149 Gfv‡e
Avg‡ji gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi aviv µ‡gvrKl© mvwaZ nq|
2.3 wØZxq hyM : wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v

wnRix wØZxq kZvãxi cÖ_g n‡Z Z„Zxq kZK ch©šÍ mgqKvj G hy‡Mi AšÍM©Z| G hyM ZvweC I ZveDZ
ZvweC‡ì hyM| mvnvev I cÖexY ZvweC‡ì AwaKvskB G hy‡M RxweZ wQ‡jb bv| G hy‡M kxAv, LvwiRx,
ivwdhx I gyZvwhjv cÖf…wZ wdZbvi cÖv`yf©v‡e ag©xq A½b GK Pig Aw¯’iZvi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµvšÍ nw”Q‡jv|
weivRgvb G me `j-Dc`j wbR¯^ gZev`‡K cÖwZôv Ki‡Z I cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z wM‡q Rvj nv`xm iPbvq wjß
nq| d‡j nv`x‡mi weï×Zv msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ Zv hvPvB-evQvB mv‡c‡ÿ MÖš’e× Kiv AZ¨vek¨K n‡q c‡o|
AZtci 99 wnRix‡Z nhiZ Igi Beb Avãyj Avhxh Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi Avgxiæj gywgbx‡bi c‡` AwawôZ
n‡q me©cÖ_g nv`xm msMÖn I msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ g`xbvi Mfb©i I wePvicwZ Avey eKi Beb nvhg (g„.120wn.)
Gi wbKU GB g‡g© GKwU miKvwi digvb cvVvb †h,
-‫ ر٘بة اٌؼٍّبء‬ٚ ٍُ‫ط اٌؼ‬ٚ‫ خفذ دس‬ٝٔ‫ سٍُ فب‬ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش سس‬٠‫ٗ ِٓ دذ‬١ٍ‫أظش ِب وبْ ػ‬
Ò†Zvgiv ivm~‡ji nv`x‡mi cÖwZ `„wó `vI Ges wj‡L ivL| Avwg Ávb I Ávbx‡ì `ywbqv †_‡K AšÍa©v‡bi
AvksKv KiwQ|Ó150 Lwjdvi wb‡`©‡k Avey eKi Beb nvhg wKQy nv`xm wj‡L ivRavbx‡Z cvwV‡q †`b| GUvB
wQj miKvwi ch©v‡q me©cÖ_g nv`xm msKj‡bi cÖv_wgK D‡`¨vM| Abyiƒcfv‡e Lwjdv Bmjvgx mv¤ªv‡Rï
wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki cÖkvmKe„›`‡K nv`xm msMÖn Kivi e¨vcv‡i digvb cvwV‡q wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡ib|
146 Beb Avãyj evi, L.2, cÖv¸³, c„. 107

148 Beb Avãyj evi, L.2, cÖv¸³, c„. 190; Bgvg Avngv` Beb nv¤^j (in.), cÖv¸³, c„. 327
150 LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, ZvKB`yj Bjg, Kvq‡iv: `viæ GnBqvBm mybœvwZb bvevweq¨vn, 1974wLª., ms¯‥.2, c„. 106
53
-‫ا‬ٛ‫ سٍُ فبجّؼ‬ٚ ٗ١ٍ‫ػ‬ ٍٝ‫ص‬ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ش سس‬٠‫ا دذ‬ٚ‫أظش‬

Ò†Zvgiv ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi nv`x‡mi cÖwZ AbwZwej‡¤^ `„wó `vI Ges Zv msMÖn-msKjb K‡iv|Ó Gfv‡e
miKvwi wb‡`©kbvi d‡j nv`xm msMÖn I msKj‡bi e¨vcv‡i e¨vcK mvov Rv‡M| wZwb ïay wb‡`©k Rvix K‡iB
ÿvšÍ nbwb; eis nv`xm PP©vq DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z e„wËi eë¯’vI K‡iwQ‡jb| ÒwZwb Zvui RxeÏkvq mv¤ªv‡Rï
me©Î nv`xm wkÿv I PP©vi eë¯’v MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| G wel‡q wZwb AvwjgMY‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z gv_vwcQz
100 w`bvi gvwmK fvZv cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib|Ó 151 G Kv‡R cÖexY ZvweC wnRvR I wmwiqvi nv`xm
we‡klÁ gynv¤§` Beb gymwjg Beb wknve hynix Avj-gv`vbx (in.) [g„.124wn.] me©cÖ_g AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb
K‡ib|152 G cÖm‡½ Bgvg gvwjK (in.) e‡jb,
-‫بة‬ٙ‫ْ اٌؼٍُ اثٓ ش‬ٚ‫ي ِٓ د‬ٚ‫ا‬
Òwhwb me©cÖ_g nv`xm msKjb K‡ib, wZwb Bgvg Beb wknve hynix (in.)|Ó153
Bgvg hynix wb‡RB G cÖm‡½ `vex K‡ib,
-ٕٝ٠ٚ‫ْ ٘زا اٌؼٍُ ادذ لجً رذ‬ٚ‫ذ‬٠ ٌُ
ÒAvgvi c~‡e© nv`xmkv¯¿ Avi †KDB msKjb K‡ibwb|Ó154
cÖexY ZvweCM‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖ_g mvwii gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e g`xbvq: Bgvg Beb wknve hynix (in.) [g„. 124 wn.]
Kzdvq: Bgvg Avey BmnvK Beb kvÔex (in.) [g„. 110 wn.] I myjvBgvb Avj-AvÔgvk (in.) [g„. 148 wn.]
g°vq: Avgi Beb w`bvi (in.) [g„. 126 wn.] emivq: KvZv`vn (in.) [g„. 118 wn.] I BqvnBqv Beb Avex
Kvmxi (in.) [g„. 1132 wn.] cÖgyL hviv me©cÖ_g nv`xm msKj‡b AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡iwQ‡jb| G QvovI nv`xm
we‡klÁ ZvweÔqxb‡ì g‡a¨ g°vq: Beb RyivBR (in.) [g„. 150 wn.], g`xbvq: iex Bebym mex (in.) [g„.
160 wn.] emivq: iex Bebym mex (in.) [g„. 160 wn.], Kzdvq: mywdqvb mvIix (in.) [g„. 161 wn.], kv‡g:
AvIhvqx (in.) [g„. 157 wn.], Bqvgv‡b: gvÔgvi (in.) [g„. 153 wn.], Lyivmv‡b: Bebyj gyevivK (in.) [g„.
181 wn.] cÖgyL e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm PP©v I msKj‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|155 G hy‡Mi nv`xm PP©vi
aib-cÖK…wZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq GB `xN© GK kZvãx‡ZI (wn.200-300mvj) ch©šÍ DwjøwLZ cuvPwU
c×wZ Aej¤^‡b nv`xm PP©v I msiwÿZ n‡q Avm‡Q| h_v-
K. nv`xm wndh Z_v gyL¯’KiY
mvnvev wKiv‡gi Abym„Z c_ a‡i ZveC I ZveDZ ZveCMYI c~Y©gvÎvi DÏxcbv, Drmvn I GKwbôZvi
mv‡_ nv`xm gyL¯’Ki‡Y f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Zv‡ì ¯§„wZkw³I wQj AZ¨šÍ cÖLi| †h nv`xmB Zviv ïb‡Z †c‡Zb
Zv Zviv gyL¯’ K‡i wb‡Zb| Avie RvwZ ¯^vfvweK ¯§„wZkw³i Dci c~Y©gvÎvq wbf©i Ki‡Zb| KviY †Kvb
wKQz AvqË Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_gZ: gyL¯’ KivB wQj Zv‡ì wPišÍb Af¨vmMZ ixwZ| Bgvg hvnvex (in) Zvi
ÔZvhwKivZzj ûddvRÕ MÖ‡š’ Zv‡eC BmgvCj Beb BDbym m~‡Î eY©bv K‡ib,ÒAvwg KziAv‡bi m~iv †hfv‡e
gyL¯’ KiZvg wVK †mfv‡eB Avey BmnvK ewY©Z nv`xmmg~n gyL¯’ KiZvg|Ó156 G Qvov Bgvg eyLvixi (in.)
ÒZvixLyj KvexiÓ MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q, ÒcÖwm× ZvweC KvZv`vn gynvwÏm mvC` Beb Aviæevn‡K m~iv
evKviv gyL¯’ ïbv‡jb; wKš‘ †Kvb fzj n‡jv bv| AZtci wZwb e‡jb, nhiZ Rvwei (iv.) msKwjZ nv`xm
MÖš’ m~iv evKviv A‡cÿv AwaK gvÎvq gyL¯’ i‡q‡Q|Ó157 Gfv‡e AmsL¨ ZvweC Ges ZveDZ ZvweC nv`xm
kv¯¿‡K ey‡K aviY K‡i cieZx© cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q w`‡q‡Qb|
151 gyn¤§` Avãyi ikx` byÔgvbx, Beb gvhvn AvIi Bj‡g nv`xm, KivPx: b~i gynv¤§` Avmvûj gvZvweÔ, Zv.we., c„. 154
152 W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„.46
153 cÖv¸³
154 cÖv¸³
155 Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, wgdZvûm mybœvn, wgmi : Avj-gvKZvevZzj Avivweq¨vn, 1928wLª., c„.21; Aveyj dvZvn gynv. BqvnBqv,
nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ, XvKv: gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, 2009wLª., c„.30
156 Bgvg kvgmyÏx Avh-hvnvex (in.), ZvhwKivZyj ûddvh, •eiƒZ: `viæ wKZvwej Bjwgq¨vn, L.2, Zv.we, c„. 199; gvIjvbv Avãyi
inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv: Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, 2007 wLª. 10g cÖKvk, c„. 228
157 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in), AvZ-ZvixLyj Kexi, KjKvZv: gvKZvev Avj-wn›`,1360wn., L.4, c„.182;
cÖv¸³, c„.229
54
L. nv`xm wjLb
G hy‡M nv`xm gyL¯’ Ki‡Yi cvkvcvwk nv`xm wjL‡bi cÖPjbI G‡Kev‡i Kg wQj bv| Zviv nv`xm kÖeY I
gyL¯’Ki‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ h_vh_ mZK©Zv I gb‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ nv`xm †jLv I msKj‡bi KvR Ki‡Zb| †hgb-
ekxi Beb bynvBK I nv¤§vg Beb gybveevn Bqvgvbx nhiZ Avey ûivBiv (iv.) Gi QvÎ| Zviv Zvui Kv‡Q hZ
nv`xm ïb‡Zb Zv Zviv wj‡L ivL‡Zb Ges we`vq Kv‡j wjwLZ nv`xm¸‡jv Av‡`¨vcvšÍ c‡o ïbv‡Zb|
mnxdv nv¤§vg Beb gybveevn Gi cÖgvY| G cvÐzwjwcwU Av‡Rv evwj©‡bi jvB‡eªwi‡Z msiwÿZ i‡q‡Q|158
ZvweC mvC` Beb hyevBi (in.) e‡jb, ÒAvwg Avãyjøvn Beb Igi Ges Avãyjøvn Beb AveŸvm (iv.) Gi
wbKU iv‡Z nv`xm ïbZvg Ges evn‡bi Dc‡i e‡mB wj‡L wbZvg|Ó159 Abyiƒcfv‡e nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) Gi
QvÎ Avevb (in.) e‡jb, ÒAvwg Zvui wbKU e‡m Kv‡Vi UyKivq nv`xm wj‡L ivLZvg|Ó160 G hy‡M nv`xm
wjL‡bi G ai‡bi AmsL¨ `„óvšÍ i‡q‡Q|
wb‡¤œ G kZvãxi cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’¸‡jv161 mviYxe× AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
mviYx-1
µwgK msKjKe„‡›ì bvg g„.ZvwiL msKwjZ MÖ‡š’i bvg cÖKvk-cÖvwß ¯’vb ‡`k
1. Avãyj gvwjK Beb RyivBR 150wn. Avm-mybvb: ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, hvwnwiqvn cvÐzwjwc bs-24, c„.117- g°v
(in.) Zvdmxi; Avj-RvwgÔ 135
2. gynv¤§` Beb BmnvK (in.) 150wn. Avm-mybvb I Avj-gvMvhx W. nvgx`yjøvn KZ…©K me©cÖ_g Avj- g`xbv
gvMvhx MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq
3. Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) 150wn. wKZveyj Avmvi cÖKvwkZ K~dv
4. gvÔgvi Beb ivkx` (in.) 153 wn. Avj-RvwgÕI Avj-gvMvhx Avj-RvwgÕMÖš’wU gymvbœvdz Avwãi Bqvgvb
ivhhvK Gi †k‡l mshy³ n‡q
cÖKvwkZ|
5. gynv¤§` Beb AvexRxe (in.) 156 wn. Avm-mybvb I Avj-gyAvËv AcÖKvwkZ g`xbv
6. mvÕC` Beb Avex Aviæev (in.) 157 wn. Avm-mybvb AvZ Zvdmxi AcÖKvwkZ emiv
7. Avj-AvIhvÕC (in.) 157 wn. Avm-mybvb dxj wdKn AcÖKvwkZ wmwiqv
Avj-gvmvBj dxj wdKn
8. mydBqvb mvIix (in.) 161 wn. AvZ-Zvdmxi,Avj-Rvwg ÕDj Zvdmxi: cÖKvwkZ dvivBh Kzdv
Kvexi,Avj-RvwgÕDm mvMxi AcÖKvwkZ hvwnwiqv‡Z Gi cvÛywjwc
I Avj-dvivBh i‡q‡Q µwgK bs 68
9. †kvÕev Bebyj nv¾vR (in.) 160 wn. MvivBey †kvÕev gynv¤§` Avj evhhvi †kvÕevi A‡bK IqvwmZ
nv`xm GKÎ K‡i GKwU msKjb I emiv
cÖ¯‘Z K‡i bvg †`b MvivBey †kvÕev|
hvwnwiqv‡Z Gi cvÐzwjwc msiwÿZ
i‡q‡Q Gi bs 94/1
10. hv‡q`vn Beb Kz`vgvn (in.) 161 wn. Avm-mybvb Avj-hyn` AvZ- AcÖKvwkZ Kzdv
Zvdmxi Avj-wKiAvZ Avj-
gvbvwKe|
11. Beivnxg Beb Zngvb (in.) 163 wn. Avm-mybvbdxj wdKn, G mybvb MÖ‡š’i cvÐzwjwc hvwnwiqv‡Z †Lvivmvb
Avj- gvbvwKe, Avj- C`vBb, i‡q‡Q| hvi bs (10/107)
AvZ-Zvdmxi
12. Avj jvBQ Beb mvÕAv` (in.) 175 wn. AvZ-ZvixL: gvmvBjyj wdKn hvwnwiqvn (19) Ky‡eixbx bs ----
158 gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg, cÖv¸³, c„. 231

159 Avey gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn Beb Avãyi ingvb Av`-`v‡igx, cÖv¸³, c„. 68
160 cÖv¸³
161 we.`ª.: W. gynv¤§` Beb gvZvi Avh-hvnvex, Zvìxeym mybœvwZb bveweq¨vn, wiqv`: `viæj wnRivn,1996wLª.,c„. 90-91
55
(3/372)|
13. ÔAvãyj gvwjK Beb gynv¤§` 176 wn. Avj-gvMvhx AcÖKvwkZ g`xbv
Beb nvhg (in.)
14. gvwjK Beb Avbvm (in.) 179 wn. Avj-gyAvËv, wimvjvZzj dxj Avj gyAvËv cÖKvwkZ g`xbv
Kvè,wimvjvZzj dxj
Aviexqvn
15. ÔAvãyjøvn Bebyj gyeviK (in.) 181 wn. Avj-gymbv`,Avh‡hvn` Avi cÖKvwkZ Lyivmvb
ivKvwqK,Avj-wRnv`
16. gynv¤§` Bebyj nvmvb Avk- 189 wn. Avj-gyAvËv wj Bgvg gynv¤§` cÖKvwkZ ----
kvqevbx (in.)
17. mywdqvb Beb Dqvbv (in.) 198wn. gymvbœvd Beb Dqvbv AcÖKvwkZ -----
18. Bgvg kvwdC (in.) 204wn. gymbv`yj Bgvg Avk-kvwdC cÖKvwkZ -----
19. Avãyi iv¾vK (in.) 211wn. gymvbœvd wj Avwãi iv¾vK cÖKvwkZ -----
wnRix 2q kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M nv`x‡mi †h mKj cÖwm× msKjb MÖš’ve× Kiv n‡qwQj Zv mviYx-1 Gi gva¨‡g
cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| G mgq Bgvg hynixmn A‡bK eo eo gynvwÏm MÖš’vKv‡i nv`xm msKj‡b D‡`¨vMx
n‡qwQ‡jb; wKš‘ Zuv‡ì msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~n A‡bKvs‡kB eZ©gvb ch©šÍ †cu․‡Qwb|
M. nv`xm wkÿv`vb
ZvweC hy‡Mi nv`xm eY©bvKvixMY GKR‡bi wbKU wKsev wbR kn‡ii nv`xm wkÿv †K‡›`ª wkÿvMÖnY‡KB
h‡_ó g‡b Ki‡Zb bv; eis Áv‡bi Z…òv wbevi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Kv‡Qi I `~‡ii Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm wkÿv †K‡›`ªI
Qz‡U †eov‡Zb| G mgq wewfbœ kn‡i hviv ZvweÔqxb‡ì g‡a¨ nv`xm we‡klÁ Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv`v‡b
wb‡R‡ì‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ g°vq: Beb RyivBR (in.) [g„.150wn.], g`xbvq: iex
Bebym mex (in.) [g„.160wn.] emivq: iex Bebym mex (in.) [g„.160wn.], Kzdvq: mywdqvb mvIix (in.)
[g„.161wn.], kv‡g: AvIhvqx (in.) [g„.157wn.], Bqvgv‡b: gvÔgvi (in.) [g„.153wn.], Lyivmv‡b: Bebyj
gyevivK (in.) [g„.181wn.] cÖgyL e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm PP©v I msKj‡b D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|162
N. nv`xm wiIqvZ ev eY©bv
G hy‡MI mvnvexM‡Yi b¨vq AZ¨šÍ wePÿYZvi mv‡_, mZK©Zv Aej¤^bc~e©K nv`xm eY©bv Kiv n‡Zv| Bgvg
kvÔex (in.) GK`v mšÍvb I `vm-`vmx‡ì Ávb wkÿv `vb I PwiÎevb K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi cÖwZ`vb m¤ú‡K©
GK `xN© nv`xm eY©bv Kv‡j Zvui QvÎ‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jb, GB nv`xmwU fv‡jvfv‡e MÖnY Ki, Gi (nv`xm
eY©bvi) wewbg‡q †Zvgv‡ì wKQzB w`‡Z n‡jv bv wKsev †Kvb KóI ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡jv bv| hwÌ Ggb GK
mgq AwZµvšÍ n‡q‡Q hLb GK GKRb nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex‡K Gi †P‡qI †QvU †QvU nv`xm kÖeY Kivi
Rb¨ Kzdv n‡Z my`~i g`xbv ch©šÍ mdi Ki‡Z nZ|163 cÖL¨vZ ZvweC mvqx` Beb gymvBwqë e‡jb, ÒgvÎ
GKwU nv`xm msMÖn Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avwg GKvav‡i K‡qK w`b-iv‡Zi c_ ågY KiZvg|Ó164
O. nv`xm Abyhvqx AvgjKiY
G hy‡Mi Djvgv, dyKvnv I gynvwÏme„›` ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi Rxebv`k© Z_v nv`xmfvÐvi gyL¯’Ki‡Yi mv‡_
mv‡_ Zv Kv‡R ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î mvnvexM‡Yi ûeû Abymvix wQ‡jb| G Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì Avg‡ji gva¨‡gI
nv`xm PP©vi µgweKvk Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi †Kvb Av‡`k, wb‡la ev digvb‡K hZÿY Zviv
wb‡R‡ì •bwgwËK Af¨v‡m cwiYZ Kiv ch©šÍ cÖvYvšÍ cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Zb|
162 Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, cÖv¸³, c„.30

163 gynv¤§` Avey hvû, cÖv¸³, c„. 112; gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg, cÖv¸³, c„. 257
164 cÖv¸³
56
2.4 Z…Zxq hyM : wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx n‡Z cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ nv`xm PP©v
G hyMwU wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi †klva© †_‡K ïiæ n‡q cÂg kZ‡K mgvß n‡q‡Q| wnRix Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki
†klva© ch©šÍ g~jZ: nv`xm wjLbxi KvR mgvß n‡q wM‡qwQj| wnRix PZy_© kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ nv`x‡mi A½m¾v
I mnwRKi‡Y gynvwÏmMY g‡bv‡hvMx nb| wnRix Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki c~‡e© mej I `~e©j nv`xm Zv‡ì wKZv‡e
GKvKvi n‡q wM‡qwQj| wKš‘ G kZ‡Ki c‡i gynvwÏmMY Zv‡ì D™¢vweZ g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K mnxn-hÕCd
(mej-`~e©j) nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbY©‡qi gvb`Ð D™¢veb K‡ib| Zvuiv G g‡g© cÖwZÁve× nb †h, weï× I
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡eb| G ai‡bi KwVb wm×v‡šÍi d‡j
ÒAvmgvDi wiRvjÓ kv¯¿ DbœwZi Pig wkL‡i †c․u‡Q| G QvovI G hy‡M Dm~jyj nv`xm I nv`x‡mi cwifvlvi
Dci A‡bK MÖš’ iwPZ nq|
2.4.1 wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx: nv`xm msKj‡bi ¯^Y©hyM

K. G †mvbvjx hy‡M nv`xm msKj‡bi •ewkó¨
wnRix Z…Zxq kZ‡K nv`xmkv¯¿ GKwU c~Y©v½ weÁv‡bi gh©v`vq cÖwZwôZ nq| G hyM‡K nv`xm msKj‡bi
¯^Y©hyM ejv nq| GB kZ‡Ki gynvwÏm I nv`xm eY©bvKvixMY nv`x‡mi mÜv‡b R‡j-¯’‡j cwiågY K‡ib| G
hy‡MB gymbv` I mybvb c×wZ‡Z nv`xm msKj‡bi KvR `ªæZ MwZ‡Z AMÖmi nq| wmnvn wmËvni wek¦ weL¨vZ
QqLvbv nv`xmkv¯¿ G hy‡M msKwjZ nq| BZtc~‡e© nv`xmwekvi`MY mnxn I hBd me nv`xmB wjwce×
K‡iwQ‡jb| G hy‡M nv`xmmg~n‡K cixÿv-wbixÿv, hvPvB-evQvB Ges mZ¨-wg_¨v wba©viY K‡i Zvi Av‡jv‡K
m¤ú~Y© nv`xm kv¯¿‡K c„_K Kiv nq| mnxn nv`xm evQvB I Zv h_vh_fv‡e msiÿ‡Yi R‡b¨ G hy‡M nv`xm
weÁvbxMY nv`xmkv¯¿ msµvšÍ GKkZwUiI †ewk g~jbxwZ D™¢veb K‡ib| Zv Qvov G hy‡M nv`xm kv¯¿‡K
welqwfwËK mÂvqb I web¨¯Í Kiv nq| G hy‡Mi nv`xm msKj‡bi we‡kl •ewkó¨ n‡”Q, gynvwÏmMY wdKn
kv‡¯¿i Aa¨v‡qi web¨vm wfwËK mybvb c×wZ‡Z nv`xm kv¯¿‡K mswkøó Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q‡` GKwÎZ KiY Ges
RvwgÔ165 c×wZ‡Z nv`xmmg~n‡K c„_K c„_K Aa¨vq, cwi‡”Q‡` web¨¯Í Kiv Ges mZK©Zv I K‡VviZvi
gvb`Ð wbiƒcY K‡i AMwYZ nv`xm fvÐvi †_‡K nv`xm MÖš’mg~n msKjb Kiv nq|
L. G kZvãx‡Z iwPZ cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’vejx I MÖš’vKvie„›`

1. gymbv`166 msKjb
Z„Zxq kZvãxi m~Pbv c‡e© Ògymbv`Ó MÖš’ msKj‡bi cÖeYZv cwijwÿZ nq| G avivi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib (1.)
DevB`yjøvn Beb g~mv (in.) [g„.213 wn.]| Zvi msKjbwU Ògymbv` DevB`yjøvn Beb g~mvÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU
me©cÖ_g msKwjZ gymbv` MÖš’| (2.) Bgvg Avey `vD` AvZ-Zvqv‡jwm (in.) [g„.204 wn.] Gi gymbv` MÖš’|
†KD †KD e‡jb, GwU me©cÖ_g msKwjZ gymbv` MÖš’| Z‡e weï× gZvbyhvqx gymbv` Devq`yjøvn Beb gymv n‡jv
me©cÖ_g msKwjZ gymbv`| (3.) gymbv`yj ûgvB`x (in.) [g„.2219wn.], (4.) gymbv` gymvÏv` Beb gvmvinv`
(in.) [g„.228wn.], (5.) gymbv` BmnvK Beb ivnIqvB (in.) [g„.23 wn.], (6.) gymbv` Dmgvb Beb Avey
kvBev (in.) [g„.239 wn.], (7.) gymbv` Avng`: Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^j (in.) [g„.241 wn.] msKwjZ nv`xm
MÖš’ Ògymbv` Avng`ÓGB kZ‡Ki GK AZzjbxq MÖš’| gymbv` Avng` nv`xm kv‡¯¿i wek¦‡Kvl bv‡g L¨vZ|
165 RvwgÔ: †h nv`xmMÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ wmqvi, Av`ve, Zvdwmi, wdZvb, AvKvB`, AvnKvg, AvkivZ Avm-mvÕAv I gvbvwKe GB AvUwU welq
m¤^wjZ nv`xm we`¨gvb _v‡K| RvwgÕ MÖ‡š’i D`vniY n‡jv- mnxn Avj-eyLvix, †Kbbv G‡Z DwjøwLZ 8wU wel‡qi nv`xm we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q;
Avevi mybvb wZiwghxI GKwU RvwgÕ MÖš’, G Rb¨ G MÖš’wU RvwgÕ wZiwghx wn‡m‡eI AwaK cwiwPZ| mnxn gymwjg MÖš’wU RvwgÕ wK bv Zv
wb‡q gZcv_©K¨ _vK‡jI weï× K_v n‡jv GwUI RvwgÕ MÖš’; Z‡e G‡Z Zvdmxi Aa¨vq LyeB Aí _vKvq †KD †KD G‡K RvwgÕ wn‡m‡e
¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv mgxPxb g‡b K‡ibwb| D‡jøL¨ †h, RvwgÕ MÖš’ iPbvKvix me©cÖ_g gynvwÏm n‡jb, Bgvg mvIix (g„Z. 161wn.)| [we.`ª.: W.
myenx mv‡jn, cÖv¸³, c„. 122; BDmyd webœyix, gvÕAvwidzm mybvb, L.1, c„. 18; W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡nvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 127].
166 gymbv`: Ggb nv`xm MÖš’‡K ejv nq, hv‡Z mvnvexM‡Yi µgvbymv‡i Zv‡ì nv`xm mwbœ‡ek Kiv nq| G µgaiv Zv‡ì bv‡gi Aviex
eY©gvjv Abymv‡i n‡Z cv‡i A_ev eskxq gh©`vbymv‡i n‡Z cv‡i| (Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, cÖv¸³, c„. 30)
57
wekvj G MÖš’wU kvqL Avng` kvwKi KZ…©K Zvmnxn-Zvhqxd167 I ZvnKxK168 Kiv nq| hv `viæj nv`xm,
wgmi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI kvqL †kvqvBe AvibvDZ Gi m¤úv`bvq G MÖ‡š’i nv`xm¸‡jvi mb`
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ZvnKxK, Zvmnxn-Zvhqxd, ZvÕjxK 169 , ZvLixR 170 m¤^wjZ 50 L‡Ði wekvj K‡je‡i
gyqvm&mvQvZzi wimvjv KZ…©K •eiƒZ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| Avjøvgv Avngv` Avj-evbœv G weivU MÖš’wUi m¤úv`bv I
Aa¨vq-welqe¯‘i `„wó‡Z c~Ywe©b¨vm K‡i‡Qb| m¤úªwZ MÖš’wU 21 L‡Ð ÒAvj-dvZûi iveŸvbxÓ bv‡g Zv
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|171 (8.) Beb ûgvB` (in.) [g„.238 wn.] Gi gymbv` Beb ûgvB`, (9.) BqvKze Beb kvqevn
(in.) [g„.262 wn.] Gi Avj-gymbv`yj Kvexi, (10.) gymbv`y gynv¤§` Beb gvn`x (in.) [g„.238 wn.] cÖf…wZ
gymbv` MÖš’|172 G QvovI (11) Avã web ûgvq` (in.) [g„.249 wn.] Gi gymbv` web ûgvq`, (12) Avey
gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn Av`-`vwigx (in.) [g„. 255 wn.] cÖYxZ gymbv` Av`-`vwigx, (13) evKx Beb gvLjv` (in.)
[g„.276 wn.] Gi gymbv`, (14) nvwim Beb Dmvgv (in.) [g„.281 wn.] Gi gymbv`, (15) Avey eKi Avngv`
Avj-evhhvi (in.) [g„.288 wn.] cÖYxZ gymbv` evhhvi D‡jø‡hvM¨ gymbv` MÖš’|173
2. gymvbœvd msKjb
K. gymvbœvd174 wj Avwãi iv¾vK: Bgvg Ave`yi iv¾vK Beb ûgvg Bqvgvbx (in.) [g„.211wn.] Gi nv`xm
msKjbwU Z…Zxq kZ‡Ki Ab¨Zg †kÖô nv`xm MÖš’|
L. gymvbœvd wj Avex eKi Beb kvqevn: Bgvg Avey eKi Beb kvqev (g„.235 wn.) KZ©„K msKwjZ GB
MÖš’vwU Z…Zxq wnRix kZ‡Ki Ab¨Zg nv`xm MÖš’|
3. wmnvn175 MÖš’ msKjb
K. mnxûj eyLvix: Bgvg Avey Avãyjvø n gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Beb Beivnxg Beb gyMxiv Beb eviw`hevn RÔywd
Bqvgvbx Avj-eyLvix (in.) [g„.256wn.] Gi GKwU wek¦weL¨vZ msKjb Ômnxûj eyLvixÕ| Gi cy‡iv bvg
ÒAvj-RvÔwgDj gymbv`ym mnxn Avj-gyLZvmviy wgb Dgywi ivm~wjjøvnx (mv.) mybvwbnx Iqv AvBq¨vwgnxÓ|
Bgvg eyLvix (in.) `xN© 16 eQi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg-mvabvi gva¨‡g evBZzjøvn I gmwR‡` beex‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i
we‡kl c×wZ Aej¤^‡b ÔAvm-mnxnÕ msKjb K‡ib emb| AvKv‡ki wb‡P Rwg‡bi Dc‡i KziAvb Kvix‡gi
c‡i me©vwaK weï× MÖš’ wn‡m‡e mnxn Avj-eyLvixi Ae¯’vb| G‡Z 160wU Aa¨vq Ges 360wU cwi‡”Q‡ì
AšÍM©Z cybiæ‡jøLmn 7275wU Ges cybiæ‡jøL Qvov 4000wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|176
167 Zvmnxn-Zvhqxd ej‡Z Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi gvbwbY©q Kiv‡K eySvq; A_©vr nv`xmwU mnxn, nvmvb wKsev
hqxd wK bv, Zv hvPvB Kiv|
168 ZvnKxK: ej‡Z mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv wel‡qi kv¯¿xq ch©v‡jvPbv‡K eySvq|
169 ZvÕjxK: ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wel‡qi A¯úóZv `~i Kivi Rb¨ c`wUKv mshy³ KiY‡K eySvq|
170 ZvLixR: k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”Q- †ei Kiv; Z‡e nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cwifvlvq, †Kv‡bv GKwU nv`xm ev nv`x‡mi m~Îmg~n Acivci
nv`x‡mi MÖš’vejxi †Kv_vq †Kv_vq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †m wel‡qi eY©bv m~Î m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv I c~Y© mb` D‡jøL Kiv‡K ZvLixR ejv
nq| A_ev, †Kv‡bv MÖ‡š’ mb` wenxb ewY©Z nv`xm Aej¤^‡b mb` mnKv‡i †h nv`xm MÖš’ cÖYxZ nq Zv‡K ZvLixR MÖš’ e‡j| †hgb:
Bgvg eyinvbyÏxb gyiwMbvbx (in.) Gi iwPZ Avj-wn`vqv MÖ‡š’i mb` I D×…wZnxb nv`xm¸‡jvi mb` Gi weeiY I D×…wZ D‡jøL K‡i
wfbœ K‡qKwU MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡K ZvLixR e‡j| h_v: Bgvg RvqjvÕqx Avj-nvbvdx (in.) Gi wKZve Òbmiæi ivÕqv wd
ZvLixwR Avnv`xwmj wn`vqv, nvwdR Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx cÖYxZ wKZve ÒAv`-wìvqv wd ZvLixwR Avnv`xwmj wn`vqvÓ|
GQvovI Zvdmx‡i Kvkkvd I Zvdmxi evqhvfx Gi nv`xm ZvLixR K‡i wfbœ wfbœ ZvLixR MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| h_v: nvwdR RvgvjyÏxb
Avey gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn iwPZ ÒZvLixRy Avnv`xwmj KvkkvdÓ Ges kvqL Avãyi iDd Avj-gvbvex iwPZ ÒAvj-dvZûm mvgvfx wd
ZvLixwR Avnv`xwmj evqhvfxÓ BZ¨vw` cÖwm× ZvLixR MÖš’| [we.`ª.: gynv¤§` Beb RvÕdi Avj-KvËvbx, Avi-wimvjvZzj gyQZvZidv wj
evqvwb gvkûwi KzZzwem mybvœ wZj gykvi&idv, `viæj evkvwqwij Bmjvwgq¨vn, 1993, c„. 151-153]
171 gydwZ gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb, wgkKvZzj gmvwen, XvKv: gv`vbx KzZzeLvbv,2017wLª., L.1, c„.119
172 gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg, cÖv¸³, c„. 350
173 Aveyj dvZvn gynv. BqvnBqv, cÖv¸³, c„.44-45
174 gymvbœvd: †m mKj MÖš’ Aa¨v‡qi avivevwnKZvq mw¾Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡Z gvidz nv`x‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvIKzd nv`xm Z_v mvnvex‡ì
K_v-KvR I gvKZz nv`xm Z_v Zv‡eC‡ì K_v-KvR BZ¨vw` wel‡q eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| [we.`ª.: W.myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„.126]
175 wmnvn: mnxn nv`xm msKj‡b iwPZ MÖš’mg~n, hvi †jLK ¯^xq wKZv‡e mnxn e¨vZxZ Ab¨ nv`xm msKjb bv Kivi kZ© K‡i‡Qb Ges
wKZv‡ei bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb ÔmnxnÕ e‡j| [ we.`ª.: W. myenx mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„. 122]
176 eìæÏxb Avqbx, Dg`vZzj Kvix, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, L.1, Zv.we,c„. 06
58
L. mnxn gymwjg: Bgvg gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR wbkvcyix (in.) [g„.261wn.] msKwjZ nv`x‡mi AgiMÖš’
mnxn gymwjg| Bgvg gymwjg (in.) ¯^xq kvqLM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K kÖæZ wZb jÿ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-
evQvB K‡i `xN© 15 eQi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg, mvabv I M‡elYv K‡i ÔAvm-mnxnÕ msKjb K‡ib| G‡Z
me©‡gvU 12000 (evi nvRvi) nv`xm DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvKivi (c~tbiæ‡jøL) ev‡` 4000 nv`xm
DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|177
M. mnxn wj Beb Lyhvqgv : Avey eKi gynv¤§` Beb BmnvK Beb Lyhvqgv wbkvcyix (in.) [g„.311wn.] iwPZ
Òmnxn Beb LyhvqgvÓ G hy‡Mi GKwU cÖwm× mnxn msKjb| †jL‡Ki ÔAvj-gymbv`ym mvnxnÕ bvgK wfbœ
GKwU nv`xm MÖ‡š’i mswÿß mvi n‡jv eÿgvb G wKZve| †jLK G wKZv‡ei bvgKiY K‡ib-
ÒgyLZvmviæj gyLZvmvi wgbvj gymbvw`m mvnxn Avb ivm~wjjøvnÓ bv‡g| Z‡e Avwjg mgv‡R wKZvewU
mnxn Beb Lyhvqgv wn‡m‡e cÖwm×Zv jvf K‡i| Z‡e wdKnx avivq mw¾Z G MÖ‡š’ mnxn nv`xm e¨vZxZ
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKv‡ii nv`xm ¯’vb †Ìqv nqwb|178
N. mnxn wj Avex AvIqvbvn: BqvKze Beb BmnvK (in.) [g„.316wn.] iwPZ Òmnxn Avey AvIqvbvnÓ G
hy‡Mi GKwU cÖwm× mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjb|
O. mnxn wj Beb wneŸvb: Avey nvwZg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb AvZ-Zvwggx Av`-`vwigx Avj-evmZx (in.)
[g„.354wn.] iwPZ Òmnxn Beb wneŸvbÓ GKwU Agi MÖš’| G MÖ‡š’i g~j bvg msKjK wb‡RB MÖ‡š’i
f~wgKvq Gfv‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb,ÒAvj-gymbv`ym mvnxn AvjvZ ZvKvQxg Iqvj AvbIqvÕ wgb MvBwi DRyw`
KZBb wd mvbvw`nv Iqvjv mye~wZ Rviwnb wd bvwKjxnvÓ
(‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ ٔبل‬ٝ‫د جشح ف‬ٛ‫ال صج‬ٚ ‫ سٕذ٘ب‬ٝ‫د لطغ ف‬ٛ‫ج‬ٚ ‫ش‬١‫اع ِٓ غ‬ٛٔ‫اال‬ٚ ُ١‫ اٌزمبس‬ٍٝ‫خ ػ‬١‫|)اٌّسٕذ اٌصذ‬
4. mybvb MÖš’ msKjb
K. mybvb wZiwghx: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv Beb mvIivn Beb g~mv Beb hvnnvK Avj-evMvex
AvZ-wZiwghx (in.) [g„.271wn.] Gi Agi MÖš’ mybvb AvZ-wZiwghx| Bgvg wZiwghx Zuvi mybvb MÖ‡š’
46wU Aa¨vq I 2414wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 3812wU nv`xm msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg Beb Kvmxi
(in.) e‡jb, Bgvg wZiwghx Zvui MÖ‡š’ 4000wU nv`xm Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| 179 Gi Aa¨vqmg~n wdKnx
avivevwnKZvq web¨vm Kivi Kvi‡Y G‡K A‡bK nv`xmwekvi` mybvb MÖš’ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
Z‡e G MÖš’wU Avj-RvwgÔ wn‡m‡eI cÖwm×| KviY Avj-RvwgÔ MÖš’ nIqvi Rb¨ †h AvUwU kZ© i‡q‡Q
Zv G MÖš’wU‡Z c~Y©gvÎvq we×gvb|
L. mybvb Avey `vD`: Bgvg Avey `vD` myjvqgvb Beb AvkÔAvm Beb BmnvK wmwR¯Ívbx (in.) [g„.275wn.]
KZ…©K wdKnx avivevwnKZvq msKwjZ, wmnvn wmËvn Gi Ab¨Zg nv`xm MÖš’ Ômybvb Avex `vD`Õ|
weavb msµvšÍ G MÖ‡š’ MÖš’Kvi cuvP jÿ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i 4800wU nv`xm msKjb
K‡ib| G Qvov G‡Z 600 gyimvj nv`xm i‡q‡Q|180
M. mybvb Avb-bvmvC: Bgvg Ave`yi ingvb Beb Avjx Beb ïqvBe Avb-bvmvC (in.) [g„. 302 wn.] Gi
Agi KxwZ© Ômybvb Avb-bvmvCÕ| wZwb Zvui Ômybvbyj KzeivÕ †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i G MÖš’wU msKjb
K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb 51wU Aa¨vq I 2138wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍf©y³ 5761wU nv`xm gZvšÍ‡i 4482wU
nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡ib|181
N. mybvb Beb gvRvn: Bgvg Avey Ave`yjøvn gynv¤§` Beb Bqvwh` Beb Ave`yjøvn Beb gvRvn Kvhexbx
(in.) [g„.275wn.] Gi msKjb ÒBeb gvRvnÓ| wZwb G‡Z 32wU Aa¨vq I 1500wU cwi‡”Q‡ì
177 RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myq~Zx (in.), cÖv¸³, c„.107

178 we.`ª.: Bgvg kvgmyÏx Avh-hvnvex (in.), ZvhwKivZyj ûddvh, •eiƒZ: `viæ wKZvwej Bjwgq¨vn, L.2, Zv. we, c„. 1721-730
179 gynv¤§` nvbxd Mvs‡Mvnx (in.), hvdiæj gynvmwmjxb we AvnIqvwjj-gymvwbœdxb, †Ìe›`: nvbxd eyK wW‡cv, 1996 wLª., c„.147
180 Bgvg kvgmyÏx Avh-hvnvex (in.), cÖv¸³, c„.593
181 W. AvR&RvR Avj-LZxe, cÖv¸³, ms¯‥.4, c„.325
59
AšÍf©y³ 4341wU nv`xm msKjb K‡ib|182 DwjøwLZ nv`xm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ 3002wU nv`xm wmnvn wmËvi
Aci cuvPwU MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q| Aewkó 1339wU nv`xm GKKfv‡e Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) Zvui
mybvb MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| G Rb¨ nv`xm¸‡jv‡K (hvI‡q` Beb gvRvn) Beb gvRvn Gi AwZwi³
eY©bv e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|183
2.4.2 wnRix PZz_© kZvãx: nv`xm msKj‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi hyM
K. nv`xm weÁv‡bi cwic~Y©Zvi BwZnvm
wnRix PZz_© kZ‡K nv`xmkv¯¿ c~Y©Zvi DPzu wkL‡i Av‡ivnY K‡i| mvnvev wKiv‡gi gyeviK nv‡Z nv`xm
weÁv‡bi †h exR A¼zwiZ n‡q‡Q, ZvweC I ZveDÔZ ZvweCb‡ì hy‡M Zv cÎcjø‡e my‡kvwfZ n‡q cwic~Y©Zv
AR©b K‡i| G hyMwU wQj nv`xmkv¯¿ mymsnZ KiY Z_v AjsKiY, ms‡ÿcY I e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi hyM| G
kZvãx‡Z c~e© kZ‡Ki KvR-K‡g©i avivevwnKZvq µ‡gvbœwZ n‡Z _v‡K| G kZ‡K cÖYxZ cÖvq meB c~e©eZx©
nv`xmwekvi‡ì wbKU n‡Z cÖvß I msiwÿZ nv`xmmg~‡ni wfwË‡Z bZzb fv‡e web¨vmK…Z nv`xmMÖš’| G
kZ‡K ÔgymZvìvKÕ 184 welqK nv`xmMÖš’ cÖYqb Kiv nq| G Qvov PZz_© kZ‡Ki A‡bK gynvwÏmB
c~e©eZx©‡ì MÖš’vejxi wew”Qbœ I wewÿßfv‡e iwPZ nv`xmmg~n msMÖnK‡i Zv‡Z `xN© (mb`) mswÿß AvKv‡i
Dc¯’vcb K‡ib Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ m¾vqb I ms‡hvR‡bi KvR c~Y© `ÿZvi mv‡_ m¤úbœ K‡ib| G †ÿ‡Î
Bgvg Aveyj Kv‡mg myjvqgvb Beb Avng` AvZ-Zvevivbx (in.) Gi ÒAvj-gyÔRvgyj KvexiÓ, ÒAvj-
gyÔRvgyj AvImvZÓ I ÒAvj-gyÔRvgym-mMxiÓ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm MÖš’¸‡jv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| ¯§Z©e¨, G
kZ‡K ivex‡ì Rxeb-PwiZ kv¯¿ welqK A‡bK MÖš’ iwPZ nq| Bgvg Avey nvwZg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Gi (
‫ش‬٠‫ٓ ِٓ اٌذذ‬١‫د‬ٚ‫ )وزبة ايِجش‬ÒwKZveyj gvRiænxb wgbvj nv`xmÓ I (‫ )وزبة اٌضمبد‬ÒwKZveym wmKvZÓ Ges
Beb Avex nvwZg Avi-ivhx (in.) Gi ( ً٠‫اٌزؼذ‬ٚ ‫ )وزبة اٌجشح‬ÒwKZveyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÓ G kZ‡K
iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg|
L. G kZ‡Ki L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏme„›` I Zvu‡ì Ae`vb
1. nvwdR Avey Avew`jøvn gynv¤§` Beb Avew`jøvn nv‡Kg wbkvcyix (in.) [g„. 405 wn.]| wZwb PZz_© wnRix
kZ‡Ki GKRb †kÖô nv`xmwe`| Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni gv‡S ÒgymZvìvK nv‡KgÓ nv`xm kv‡¯¿i GK
Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| evsjv, Bs‡iwR, D`y©, dviwmmn wewfbœ fvlvq GwU Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
2. nvwdR Avjx Beb Igi Beb Avng` `viv-KzZbx (in.) [g„.385 wn.] | wZwb G kZ‡Ki hyM‡kÖô nvwd‡R
nv`xm I Bgvg| Zvui iwPZ mybvb Av`-`vivKzZbx )ٕٝ‫)سٕٓ اٌذاسلط‬I Avj-Bjvj wj `vivKzZbx ( ‫اٌؼًٍ ٌٍذاس‬
ٕٝ‫ )لط‬weL¨vZKg©|
3. Bgvg nvwdR gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Avng` Avey nv‡Zg Zvwgg ey¯xÍ (in.) [g„. 354 wn.]| wZwb Lyivmv‡bi
cÖL¨vZ nv`xm cwÐZ‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|
4. Bgvg Avey eKi gynv¤§` Beb BmnvK Beb Lyhvqgv wbkvcyix (in.);
5. Bgvg Aveyj Kv‡mg myjvqgvb Beb Avng` AvZ-Zveivbx (in.) [g„. 360 wn.]; ÔgyÕRvgÕ iPbv Zvui Agi KxwZ©|
6. Bgvg Avey Rvdi Avng` Beb gynv¤§` Z¡vnvex (in.) [g„. 321 wn.]; Zvui iwPZ Ôkiû gvÕAvwbj AvQviÕ I
Ôkiû gykwKj Avj-AvQviÕ weL¨vZ `ywU nv`xm MÖš’|
7. nv‡dR Beb Avey nv‡Zg Ave`yi ingvb Beb gynv¤§` ivhx (in.) [g„. 277 wn.]; wZwb ÔAvj-Rvin IqvZ
ZvÔ`xj wdj KzbvÕ Gi iPwqZv;
182 Beb nvRvi AvjÔAvmKvjvbx (in.), ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, L.7, cÖv¸³, c„. 498
183 Avey Avwãjøvn gynv¤§` Beb Bqvhx` Beb gvRvn in., mybvby Beb gvRvn, •eiƒZ: `viæj KzZzwej Bjwgq¨vn, ms¯‥. 1, 1419 wn., c„. 21
184 gymZvìvK: †h mKj nv`xm we‡kl †Kv‡bv nv`xm MÖ‡š’ wjwce× Kiv nqwb, A_P Zv †mB MÖš’vKv‡ii Abym„Z k‡Z© c~Y©gvÎvq DËxY©,
†mme nv`xm‡K †h MÖ‡š’ GKÎ Kiv nq Zv‡K ÒgymZvìvKÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm Bgvg nv‡Kg wbkvcyix (in.)
mnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡gi kZ© Abym„Z Awewkó mnxn nv`xmmg~n msMÖn K‡i ¯^Zš¿ GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| hv ÒgymZvìvK nv‡KgÓ
bv‡g me©Rb wew`Z| [we.`ª.: W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡nvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 127]
60
8. Beb Avw` RyiRvbx (in.) [g„. 365 wn.]; wZwb ÒAvj-Kvwgj wd hyAvdvwqi wiRv‡jiÓ iPwqZv;
9. Avey Avjx mvC` Beb Imgvb Bebym mvKvi (in.);
10. Aveyj Avie gynv¤§` Beb Avng` Avwd«Kx (in.);
11. Igi Beb kvwnb Avj-Iqv‡qR (in.) [g„. 385 wn.] cÖYxZ ÔZvwiL Avmgv Avm-wQKvZÕGKwU cÖwm× MÖš’|
12. Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` Beb ûmvBb Avh`x (in.);
13. Aveyk kvqL Ave`yjøvn Beb gynv¤§` Bùvnvbx (in.);
14. Avey nv‡g` Avng` Beb gynv¤§` gynv¤§` wnivIqx (in.);
15. Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` Beb Avgi Beb g~mv DKvBjx (in.) [g„. 322 wn.]; ÔwKZve Av`-`yÕAvdvÕ Zvui
weL¨vZ Kg©|
2.4.3 wnRix cÂg kZK I ZrcieZx© hy‡M nv`xm PP©v

K. wnRix cÂg kZvãx Ges cieZx©‡Z nv`xm msKjb
PZz_© kZ‡Ki †mvbvjx w`b¸‡jv AwZevwnZ nIqvi cieZx© kZ‡K †h mKj gynvwÏm nv`xm msKj‡b Ae`vb
†i‡LwQ‡jb Zviv c~e©eZx© gynvwÏmM‡Yi mggv‡bi cÖwZfvm¤úbœ wQ‡jb bv| cieZx©‡Z c~‡e© cÖYxZ nv`xm
MÖ‡š’i g‡Zv, †Kv‡bv †g․wjK MÖš’ cÖYqb Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`qwb| wKš‘ nv`xm weÁv‡b Zv‡ì `ÿZv,
Áv‡bi e¨vcKZv, ey‡Si MfxiZv, `„wói m~ÿ¥Zv I cÖmviZv we›`ygvÎ bMY¨ wQj bv| G kZ‡Ki gynvwÏmMY
wewfbœ MÖš’vejxi nv`xmmg~n GKwÎZKiY Ges mymse×fv‡e mw¾ZKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wecyj msL¨K Awfbe MÖš’
Dcnvi w`‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| wb‡¤œ G m¤úwK©Z mswÿß ZvwjKv cÖ`Ë n‡jvÑ
L. eyLvix I gymwj‡gi nv`xm GKÎxKiY

G kZ‡K AmsL¨ gynvwÏm mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg n‡Z nv`xm Pqb I GK‡Î ms‡hvRb c~e©K GK
Awfbe avivq ¯^Zš¿ MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| G ai‡bi MÖš’ cÖYq‡b hviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zv‡ì bvg wb¤œiƒc-
1. BmgvCj Beb Avng` (in.) bvgK GKRb L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm G ai‡b GKwU MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib, whwb
ÔBebyj dzivZÕ bv‡g L¨vZ wQ‡jb|
2. gynv¤§` Beb bmi ûgvqw` Av›`vjymx (in.);
3. ûmvBb Beb gvmD` Avj evMfx (in.) iwPZ Ôgvmvexûm mybœvnÕ I Ôkiû Avm-mybœvnÕ;
4. gynv¤§` Beb Ave`yj nK Bk‡ejx (in.) ;
5. Avng` Beb gynv¤§` KziZzex (in.) cÖgyL;
6. Z‡e kvqL nvmvb mvMvbx jvûix (in.) iwPZ Ògvkv‡iKzj AvbIqviÓ G wel‡q iwPZ wek¦ bw›`Z PgrKvi
nv`xm MÖš’| G MÖ‡š’ mnxn eyLvix I gymwjg n‡Z 2253wU nv`xm msKwjZ n‡q‡Q; Zb¥‡a¨ ïay mnxn
eyLvix‡Z 327wU I mnxn gymwj‡g 875wU Ges 1051wU Dfq MÖ‡š’ we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|185
M. wmnvn wmËvi nv`xm mÂvqb

nv`xm kv‡¯¿i Agi QqwU weï× MÖš’ n‡Z nv`xm msMÖn K‡i ¯^Zš¿¨ MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi KvRI cÂg wnRix kZK
I Z`cieZx© hy‡M h‡_ô cwigv‡Y n‡q‡Q| h_v-
1. kvqL Avng` Beb ivwhb gyivweqvZ Ave`vix (in.) wmnvn wmËvi nv`xmmg~‡ni mgš^‡q ÔZvRix`ym
wmnvnÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Zvi msKwjZ MÖ‡š’i web¨vm ixwZ fv‡jv bv nIqvq
cieZx©‡Z Bebyj Avwmi MÖš’wU‡K DËg c×wZ‡Z wewfbœ Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q‡` myweb¨¯Í, m¤úv`bv I
mymse×Ki‡Yi KvR K‡ib| hv ÒRvwgÔDj Dm~j dx Avnv`xwmi ivm~jÓ ( ‫)جبِغ االصول فً احادٌت الرسول‬
bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i|
185 we.`ª.: nvmvb mvMvbx (in.) KZ…©K iwPZ gvkvwiKzj AvbIqvi MÖš’wU wgm‡ii ivRavbx Kvq‡iv kn‡ii gvKZvev gvngyw`q¨v †_‡K 1329
wnRix‡Z cÖKvwkZ nq|
61
2. kvqL Bebyj LvivZ Bk‡ejx (in.) QqwU nv`xmMÖ‡š’i nv`xmmg~‡ni mgš^‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
3. kvqL KzZzeyÏxb bniIqvjx wmÜx gv°x (in.) ÔRv‡gDm wmnvnÕ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
4. nvwdR wRqv DÏxb gvKw`mx (in.) wZiwghx e¨ZxZ evwK cuvPwU wKZv‡ei mgš^‡q ÒAvj-gyIqvdvKvZÓ (
‫ )الموافقات‬bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
5. kvqL gvbmyi Avjx bvwmd wgmix (in.) mybvb Beb gvRvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ wKZv‡ei mgš^‡q ÒAvZ-ZvRy
wj RvwgÔwqj Dm~jÓ (‫ي‬ٛ‫ ) اٌزبط ٌجبِغ االص‬bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
N. wewfbœ MÖš’ n‡Z nv`xm msMÖn I msKjb

nv`x‡mi wewfbœ MÖš’ n‡Z nv`xm msMÖn K‡i ¯^Zš¿ nv`xm MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi KvRI G ch©v‡q ch©vß n‡q‡Q| h_v-
1. gvmvweûm mybœvn: Beb gvmD` evMvex (in.) Gi Agi msKjb|
2. wgkKvZzj gvmvwen: GwU gvmvweûm mybœvn-Gi cwigvwR©Z I ewa©Z ms¯‥iY| Gi iPwqZv kvqL Awj
DwÏb Avey Avew`jøvn Beb Avew`jøvn Avj-LZxe AvZ-Zvewihx (in.)|
3. RvwgDÔj gvmvwb` Iqvj AvjKve: GwU Bebyj RvIhx (in.) Gi msKjb|
4. RvwgDÔj gvmvbx`: nv‡dR BmgvCj Beb Kvmxi (in.) Gi msKjb|
5. gvRgvDÔh hvIqv‡q`: kvqL gynv¤§` b~iæÏxb nvqmvgx (in.) Gi msKjb|
6. RvwgDÔj dvIqv‡q`: kvqL †gvnv¤§` Beb myjvqgvb Avj-dvwim (in.)|
7. RvgDÔj RvIqv‡gÔ: Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx wgmix (in.) msKwjZ nv`x‡mi wekvj MÖš’|
8. Kvbhyj D¤§vj: gynvwÏm kvqL Avjx gyËvKx (in.)|
O. AvnKvg I bwmnZg~jK nv`xm msKjb

cÂg kZK I Z`cieZx© mg‡q weavb msµvšÍ I IqvR-bwmnZg~jK nv`xm wewfbœ nv`xmMÖš’ n‡Z mÂqb
K‡i nv`xm MÖš’ cÖYqb Kiv nq| h_v-
1. gybZvKvj AvLevi wdj AvnKvg: GwU nvwdR gvR`yÏxb Aveyj Kv‡mg nviivbx (in.) Gi msKjb|
2. Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv: Bgvg evqnvKx (in.) Gi Agi msKjb|
3. AvnKvgym myMiv: GwU nvwdR Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yj nK Bk‡ejx (in.) KZ©„K msKwjZ|
4. Dg`vZzj AvnKvg:GwU Bgvg nvwdR Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yj MwY `v‡gkKx gvK‡`mx (in.) msKwjZ|
5. AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ-Zvinxe: kvqL Ave`yj Avhxh gyb‡hix (in.) Gi Agi msKjb|
6. wiqv`yym mv‡jnxb: kvqL BqvnBqv Beb kid Avb beex (in.) |
7. eyjy¸j gvivg wgb Avw`jøvwZj AvnKvg: nvwdRy` `ywbqv Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in.) Gi msKjb|
8. BÔjvDm mybvb: Avjøvgv hvdi Avng` Imgvbx (in.) |
9. wdKûm mybvb Iqvj AvQvi: mvB‡q¨` gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb gyRv‡Ï`x eiKZx nvbvdx (in.), cÖf…wZ|
wnRix cÂg kZK Z`cieZx© mg‡q c~‡e©Kvi gynvwÏmM‡Yi †i‡L hvIqv Kv‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡i g~jZ
nv`xm welqK MÖš’ cÖYqb Kiv nq| mnxnvBb I nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’mg~n †_‡K msKjb K‡i bZzb Avw½‡K
MÖš’ cÖYqb KivB n‡jv G kZ‡Ki nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨ |
e¯‘Z G Aa¨vq‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wfwË g~j AwfwnZ Ki‡j AZz¨w³ n‡e bv| Ab¨ K_vq Zv‡K
eZ©gvb Awfm›`‡f©i GKwU f~wgKv we‡ePbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY G‡Z nv`xm PP©vi cÖv_wgK I †g․wjK
Z_¨-DcvË we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi cwiwPwZ, DrcwË, ¸iæZ¡-cÖvgvwYKZv, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi hy‡M
nv`xm PP©v I msiÿ‡Yi avivevwnKZvq nv`xm msKj‡bi ¯^Y©hyM L¨vZ Z…Zxq kZvãx ch©šÍ Ges ZrcieZx©
hy‡M nv`xm PP©v, msKjb I MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi AwZ mswÿß GKwU we‡kølY Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hvi
Dci P~ovšÍfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v wbf©ikxj| Dch©y³ we‡køl‡Yi m~‡Î cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv we‡kølY Kiv n‡e|
62
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk aviv
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
63
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
G Aa¨v‡q fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; wmÜz weRq DËiKv‡j
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v; fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª I weL¨vZ gynvwÏme„›`; fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM; fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK aviv; evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi
AvMgb Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk; evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PPv©i weKvk aviv; evsjv fvlvi
mswÿß BwZnvm; evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb, ga¨ I AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xm PP©v; evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq iwPZ
(1952-2015) ch©šÍ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i MÖš’ivwRi mswÿß cwiwPwZ m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|
3.1 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjvg: nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk aviv

fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ Avie‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤ú‡K©i BwZnvm AwZ cÖvPxb| giægq †`‡k Rxeb avi‡Yi
ZvwM‡` AvieMY Avengvb Kvj †_‡KB eëmv-evwY‡R¨ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| ZvB cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Kvj †_‡K
eëmvwqK m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì G AÂ‡ji mv‡_ wbqwgZ hvZvqvZ wQj| cÖvK Bmjvgx hy‡M GKw`‡K
mgy`ª c‡_ Avwewmwbqv Ges Aciw`‡K my`~i cÖv‡Pï Pxb ch©šÍ Zv‡ì eëmvwqK Kvh©µg m¤úªmvwiZ wQj|
Avie †_‡K (gv`ªv‡Ri) gvjve‡ii Dci w`‡q Zviv PÆMÖvg, wm‡jU, Kvgiƒc NvwU‡Z †bv½i †d‡j weiwZ
wb‡q my`~i Pxb ch©šÍ †c․uQ‡Zv| GiB avivevwnKZvq nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi beyIqvZ jv‡fi ci hviv
Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i mvnvex nIqvi gh©v`v I †m․fvM¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb, Zb¥‡a¨ †h mKj gymwjg ewYK GB
Dcgnv‡`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb, Zviv ïay evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi D‡Ï‡k¨B G †`‡k Av‡mbwb; eis eëmv-
evwY‡Rï mv‡_ mv‡_ Bmjvg cÖPvi wQj Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb D‡Ïk¨| hviv cÖv_wgK ch©vq G
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjvg cÖPvi Ki‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb Zviv †h mevB nv`xmwe` wQ‡jb Zv mwVK bq; Z‡e Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ †h wKQz msL¨K nv`xmweÌ wQ‡jb G K_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq| ZvB Bjwg nv`xm KLb, Kxfv‡e Ges
Kv‡ì gva¨‡g G Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡i, Zv Rvbvi HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póv †_‡KB AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb †Kvb mvnvex, ZvweC, ZveDZ ZveC, `vÔC, Ijvgv-gvkvqL I gynvwÏmxb AvMgb K‡i‡Qb
Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq KZUzKz Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb; hv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K cÖwm× K‡qKR‡bi Ae`vb AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c
eZ©gvb Aa¨v‡q mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb `~i AZx‡Zi †Kvb GK ïfÿ‡Y
n‡qwQj e‡U; wKš‘ Zv KLb I Kv‡ì gva¨‡g (?), Zv Qvov evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v KLb †_‡K m~Pbv I
weKvk nq Zv D`NvUb Kivi wbwgË evsjv fvlvi DrcwËi mswÿß BwZnvm wfwËK hyM wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g
hyMvšÍ‡ii evu‡K evu‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©vi Abyl½ AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
3.2 wmÜz weR‡qi c~‡e© GB Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMgb I nv`xm PP©v
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, nhiZ Dgi, Dmgvb I gyqvweqv (iv.) Gi
kvmbvg‡jB fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvevM‡Yi ïfvMgb N‡UwQj| KviY Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi jÿ¨B wQj
Bmjv‡gi kvk¦Z evYx c„w_exi cÖwZwU Rbc‡` Qwo‡q †`qv| ZvB AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, ivm~j (mv.) Gi
BwšÍKv‡ji ci gvÎ 12 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ Zuviv GKw`‡K Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki cv`‡`k bxjb‡ì Aci cÖvšÍ,
Aci w`‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ØvicÖvšÍ wmÜz b‡ì DcK‚j ch©šÍ †cu․‡Q hvb| ZvB Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx
wb‡q †Kvb †Kvb mvnvex G Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib; Zv D`&NvU‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨B G cwi‡”Q‡` AbymÜvb
Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
64
1. nhiZ Dgi dviæK (iv.) Gi hy‡M fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvevM‡Yi AvMgb

nhiZ Dgi dviæK (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j (13-23 wn./633-643 wLª.) fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki weiæ‡×
†b․-¯’j `yB ai‡bi Awfhvb cwiPvjbvi gva¨‡g Avie gyRvwn`MY fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki ØvicÖv‡šÍ DcbxZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| we‡kl Kvi‡Y Avwgiæj gywgbx‡bi wb‡l×vÁvi d‡j Awfhvb GK ch©vq ¯’wMZ n‡q hvq| G
Awfhvb Dcj‡ÿ¨ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k †h mKj mvnvev wKiv‡gi ïfvMgb N‡UwQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hv‡ì bvg
Rvbv †M‡Q Zvi mswÿß eY©bv wb¤œiƒc-
b`x c‡_ Awfhvb: nhiZ Dgi dviæK (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j Dmgvb Beb Avwej AvÔm Avm-mvKvdx1
(iv.) evnivBb I Igv‡bi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nb| Dcgnv‡`‡ki weiæ‡× me©cÖ_g wZwb Zvi Avcb fvB mvnvex
nvKvg Beb Aveyj AvÔm (iv.) Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ (m¤¢ve¨ 17 wnRix m‡b me©cÖ_g) †b․ Awfhvb †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
¸RivU DcK~‡j Avie •mb¨‡ì AeZi‡Yi d‡j `wÿY fvi‡Z mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMg‡bi ïf m~Pbv nq|2
¯’j c‡_ Awfhvb: Dcgnv‡`‡ki wKigvb cÖ‡`‡ki weiæ‡× ¯’jc‡_ cÖ_g AvµgY 23 wn./641 wLª. ivm~j
(mv.) Gi mvnvex Avãyjøvn Beb Avãyjøvn BZev‡bi (iv.) †bZ…‡Z¡ cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb GK weivU gyRvwn`
evwnbx wb‡q wekvj giæf‚wgi ewntmxgv w`‡q AMÖvwfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡i mynvBj Beb Av`x (iv.) Gi mv‡_
wgwjZ nb; whwb wKigvb Rq Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AMÖmi nw”Q‡jb| 3 G‡Z Avie‡ì kw³gËv eû¸‡Y †e‡o hvq|
23 wn./643 wLª. wZwb wKigvb Avµgb K‡ib| GLvbKvi Awaevmxiv Zv‡ì HwZn¨MZ exi‡Z¡i cwiPq
†`q| Zviv cÖwZ‡ekx Kzdm cve©Z¨vÂ‡ji Kómwnòz evjyP‡ì mvnvh¨ jvf K‡i AvµgbKvix‡ì fxlYfv‡e
†gvKv‡ejv K‡iI wcQz nUv‡Z cv‡iwb| gyRvwn` evwnbx Zv‡ì •mb¨ `yB fv‡M fvM K‡i Zv‡ì cðv×veb
K‡ib| GK fv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ mynvBj Beb Av`x cvjb K‡ib| G evwnbxi gyKvwÏgv ev AMÖevwnbxi cÖavb n‡jb
bymvBi Beb Avgi, Ab¨fv‡Mi †mbvcwZi `vwq‡Z¡ Avãyjøvn wb‡RB wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l ¯’vbxqiv cðv`cmiY
Ki‡Z eva¨ nq Ges mgMÖ AÂj gyRvwn`‡ì KiZjMZ nq|4 Avie‡ì †gvKv‡ejvq ivRv wb‡RB •mb¨
cwiPvjbv KiwQ‡jb| Zvi †`k wmÜz †_‡K cÖwZw`b m‡ZR `ya©l© wn›`y †hv×v I A‡bK nvwZ Zv‡ì mv‡_
kvwgj nw”Qj| Zv‡ì cÖwZiÿv eë¯’v evn¨Z: Aciv‡Rq g‡b nw”Qj; wKš‘ AcÖwZ‡iva¨ Avie gyRvwn`‡ì
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv Zv‡ì c‡ÿ m¤¢e wQj bv| Zviv GZ `ªæZ, wÿcÖ I Zxeª MwZ‡Z AvµgY K‡i †h,
fviZxq‡ì cv Dc‡o hvq| d‡j Zviv QÎf½ n‡q cvjvqb Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| gyRvwn` evwnbx K‡qKw`b
ch©šÍ Zv‡ì cðv×veb K‡i| †kl ch©šÍ kÎæcÿ wmÜz b‡ì Aci cv‡i AvkÖq wb‡Z eva¨ nq| Gfv‡e wb¤œ
wmÜzi mgMÖ DcZ¨Kv gyRvwn` evwnbx weRq K‡i|5 nhiZ Dgi dviæK (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j G Awfhvb
Dcj‡ÿ¨ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k †h mKj mvnvev wKiv‡gi ïfvMgb N‡UwQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ hv‡ì bvg Rvbv
†M‡Q Zvi mswÿß eY©bv wb¤œiƒc-
K. nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb Avãyjøvn BZevb (iv.): wZwb g`xbvi eby ûejvi †Mv‡Îi AšÍM©Z wQ‡jb| wZwb
D”Pgh©v`v m¤úbœ mvnvex I Avbmvi‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb †bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| 21 wn./641 wLª.wZwb mv`
web Beb Avwe Iqv°v‡mi ¯’‡j Kzdvi MfY©i wbhy³ nb Ges †m eQ‡ii †kl fv‡M emivi MfY©i wbhy³ nb|
AZ:ci wZwb c~e© Bivb I fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍeZx© AÂ‡j G‡Ki ci GK hy× R‡qi m~Pbv K‡ib|6
1 Dmgvb Beb Avwej AvÔm Avm-mvKvdx : GKRb wewkó mvnvex| 9 igRvb (wW‡m¤î 630 wLª.) Zv‡q‡di †h cÖwZwbwa`j ivm~j (mv.) Gi
wL`g‡Z Dcw¯’Z n‡qwQj, wZwbI Zv‡Z kvwgj wQ‡jb| Aíeq¯‥ n‡jI Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ wbišÍi fv‡jvevmv wQ‡jv Zvi ü`q Ry‡o| ivm~j
(mv.) Zv‡K Zv‡q‡di Mf©Yi wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb 29 wU nv`xm †iIqv‡qZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 51 wn,/671 wLª. emivq B‡šÍKvj K‡ib|
[Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Bmvev dx Zvgqxwhm mvnvev, KwjKvZv: we‡eøv BwÛKv ms, 1888, 1g LÐ, c„.198),Avngv` Beb BqvnBqv
evjvhyix (in.), dyZzûj eyj`vb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ©„K Ab~w`Z, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k,
1998 wLª., c„. 391]
2 Avãyj nvB b`fx, byhnvZzj LvIqvwZi gvÔAv‡idzj AvIqv‡id, nvq`vivev`: `v‡qivZzj gvÔAv‡id, Zv.we, c„. 504
3 cÖv¸³, c„.2641
4 Avey RvÕdi Zvevix, ZvwiL Zvevix, wiqv`: evqZzj AvdKvi Av`-`yIqvjx, Zv.we, L. 4, c„. 699
5 cÖv¸³, c„. 699
6 Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, Avj-Bmvev dx Zvgqxwhm mvnvev, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi Avj-Bjwgq¨v, L. 4, c„. 96-97
65
L. nhiZ Av‡mg Beb Avgi Zvgxgx (iv.): wZwb ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi GKRb mvnvex Ges Bmjv‡gi
cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi GKRb L¨vwZgvb gyRvwn` wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖ_g †mbvcÖavb whwb wnjgv‡›ì cwðgvÂj Rq
K‡ib Ges wmÜz DcZ¨Kv weR‡q AskMÖnY K‡ib|7
M. nhiZ mynvBj Beb Av`x (iv.): wZwb Avh` †Mv‡Îi †jvK wQ‡jb| hv eby Avew`j Avknv‡ji nvbxd wQj|
wZwb Bqvgvgvi hy‡× knx` nb| Zvui GK fvB‡qi bvg mvnj Beb Av`x, wZwb Dû` hy‡× knx` nb|8
N. nhiZ nvKvg Beb Avgi ZvMwjex mvÕjvex: wZwb GKRb wewkó mvnvex| A‡bK¸‡jv weR‡qi mvÿx|
ÔgyKivbÕ Ae‡ivaKvix exi gyRvwn` I gyKivb ivRv‡K civwRZ K‡i Zvi AwacwZ nb| G weR‡qi
mymsev` wb‡q nhiZ Igi (iv.) Gi wbKU Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb|9
2. nhiZ Dmgvb (iv.) Gi hy‡M fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMgb
nhiZ Dmgvb (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j (23-35wn./643-655wLª.) fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki gyKivb †_‡K wmÜz
b‡ì cwðg Zxi ch©šÍ we¯ÍxY© wewRZ AÂ‡ji Awaevmxiv wLivR w`‡Z Pzw³e× nq Ges AvieMY ¯^‡`‡k
wd‡i hvb; wKš‘ ee©i, `ya©l© I cve©Z¨ DcRvwZ g‡bcÖv‡Y Zv‡ì ek¨Zv ¯^xKvi K‡iwb| d‡j AvieMY †`‡k
wdi‡ZB Zviv we‡`ªv‡ni c_ †e‡Q †bq Ges wLivR eÜ K‡i †`q| Gme DcRvwZ‡K `gb Kivi Rb¨ Lwjdv
†h mKj mvnvexi †bZ…‡Z¡ Zv‡ì weiæ‡× Avwfhvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib, Zv‡ì cwiPq wb¤œiƒc-
K. nhiZ Devq`yjøvn Beb gvÔgvi Zvgxgx (iv.): we‡`ªvnx DcRvwZ‡K `gb Kivi Rb¨ Ljxdv nhiZ Dmgvb
(iv.) mvnvex Devq`yjøvn Beb gvÔgvi Zvgxgxi (iv.) †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU kw³kvjx evwnbx †cÖiY K‡ib|
mvnvex Devq`yjøvn (iv.) g`xbvi evwm›`v I AZ¨šÍ abvX¨ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| wZwb GKRb nv`xm eY©bvKvixI
e‡U| gyKiv‡b †c․‡Q Devq`yjøvn †Kej we‡`ªvnx‡ì kw³B wcó K‡i †`bwb; eis wmÜzb` ch©šÍ we¯ÍxY©
GjvKvI KiZjMZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e Avie‡ì ÿgZv ¯’vqx n‡q hvq|10
L. nhiZ Avãyi ingvb Beb mvgyiv (iv.): wZwb KzivBk †Mv‡Î Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 8g wnRix‡Z g°v weR‡qi
mgq wZwb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| bex Kixg (mv.) Zvi bvg iv‡Lb Avãyi ingvb| 9 wn. †gvZv‡eK 630
wLª. wZwb Zvey‡Ki hy‡× kixK nb| wZwb ivm~j (mv.) †_‡K mivmwi nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| G myev‡`
wZwb Beb AveŸvm, mvC` Beb gymvwqë, Beb wmwib, Avãyi ingvb Beb Avex jvqjv I nvmvb emixi
(in.) wkÿK nIqvi †M․ie AR©b K‡ib|11 31 wn./650wLª. iex Beb Bqvwh‡ì ¯’‡j Avãyi ingvb
mx¯Ív‡bi MfY©i wbhy³ nb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ mvnmx I Kg©V †mbvbvqK wQ‡jb| `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi ci ciB wZwb
hiÄ †_‡K c~e©w`‡K AMÖmi nb Ges fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki mxgvšÍ ch©šÍ mgMÖ GjvKv wbR Awaf‚³ K‡i
†bb| AZtci wZwb †njgv›` b`xi wb¤œvÂj w`‡q AMÖmi n‡q iæèv‡ii wbK‡U fviZxq‡ì mv‡_ msN‡l©
wjß nb| G ¯’vbwU eZ©gv‡b AvdMvwb¯Ívb I †ejywP¯Ív‡bi mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z| †kl ch©šÍ wZwb weRqx †e‡k
ey¯Í ch©šÍ †cu․‡Q hvb|12
3. nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) Gi hy‡M fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvevM‡Yi AvMgb
nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) Gi wLjvdZ Kv‡j (41-60wn./661-673wLª.) fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k `yBRb mvnvexi
AvMgb N‡U‡Q e‡j Rvbv hvq| Zviv n‡jb-
K. wmbvb Beby mvjvgv Avj-ûhvjx (iv.): fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgbKvix me©‡kl mvnvex wQ‡jb wmbvb
Beby mvjvgv Avj-ûhvjx (iv.)| Zvi R‡b¥i (8-53 wn./629-673 wLª.) ci ¯^qs ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Zvi
bvg iv‡Lb wmbvb| ZvB wZwb GKRb mvnvŸx| †Kbbv wZwb ivm~j‡K (mv.) •kk‡e †`‡L wQ‡jb|13 Beb
7 Beb Avew`j evi, Avj-Bw¯Íqve, RW©vb: `viæj AvÕjvg, 2002 wLª., c„. 575 (Rxebx b¤î-1957)
8 cÖv¸³, c„. 316 (Rxebx b¤î-1080); Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, Avj-Bmvev, cÖv¸³, L. 3, c„. 145
9 Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, Avj-Bmvev, cÖv¸³, L. 2, c„. 30
10 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, L.4, c„. 200-201
11 Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, ZvnhxeyËvnhxe, nvq`vivev`: `vwÿYvZ¨, 1325wn. L.6, c„. 190
12 R.C.Majumdear, Arab Invansion of India, Madraz,1931, P.15
13 Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx, Bmvev dx Zvgqxwhm mvnvev, cÖv¸³, L.3, c„.160; https://bit.ly/39MAkRX. 24 June 2021
66
nvRvi Zvi Bmvev MÖ‡š’ Zv‡K Kg eqmx mvnvex wn‡m‡e 2q †kÖwYi AšÍf©‚³ K‡ib| †mg‡Z Zvi ewY©Z
nv`xmmg~n‡K gyimvj wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi ewY©Z nv`xmmg~n eyLvix, gymwjg, Avey `vD`, Beb
gvRvn I bvmvC‡Z msiwÿZ Av‡Q| Biv‡Ki MfY©i 48wn./668wLª. wmbvb‡K Dcgnv‡`kxq Awfhv‡bi
AwabvqK wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb gyKivb Rq K‡ib| gyKivb kn‡ii wfwË ¯’vcb K‡i ¯^xq evm¯’vb wn‡m‡e
wbe©vPb K‡ib Ges ivR¯^ eë¯’v Kv‡qg K‡ib|14
L. gynvjøve Beb Avex mydiv (iv.): gynvjøve Beb Avex mydiv Avh`x (8-83wn.) nhiZ gyÔAvweqv (iv.) Gi
wLjvdZKv‡j fvi‡Z AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb wK mvnvex bv ZvÔ‡eqx G wb‡q gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| Zvi bvg
Bw¯ÍAve, Dm`yj Mvev, ZvRix`, Bmvev MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB Zv‡K mvnvex g‡b Kiv nq| wKš‘
wiRvjkv¯¿ mgv‡jvPKMY GKgZ †h, gynvjøve Beb Avex mydiv GKRb cÖexY Zv‡eC; mvnvex bb| Z‡e
wZwb GKRb wmKvn ivex wQ‡jb| wZwb Avãyjøvn Beb Dgi, Avãyjøvn Beb Avgi Bebyj Avm, mvgyiv
Beb Ryb`ye, eviv Beb Av‡he (iv.) cÖgyL mvnvex †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib|15 gynvjøve Avãyi ingvb
Beb mvgyivi GKRb Aaxb¯Í †mbvcwZ wn‡m‡e 43 wn./663 wLª. wmwR¯Ív‡b AvMgb K‡ib| g~j
†mbvevwnbx †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q GK`j •mb¨ wb‡q fvi‡Zi Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡ib| G `‡ji †mbviv wQj
ZviB m‡MvÎxq Avh‡ì †jvKRb| wZwb 44 wn./664 wLª. Kveyj GjvKv AwZµg K‡i jv‡nvi ch©šÍ
†c․‡Qb Ges evbœy I jv‡nv‡ii gaëZx© AÂ‡j Aµgb Pvjvb|16
BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, GKvwaK mvnvex fviZ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zviv nv`xm
cÖPvi Kivi †Zgb †Kvb my‡hvM cvbwb; Gi †cQ‡b wZbwU KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i| 1. nq‡Zv Zviv GLv‡b
LyeB AíKvj Ae¯’vb K‡iwQ‡jb| 2. bq‡Zvev, nv`xm wkLv‡bv hvq Ggb †Kvb gymwjg ¯’vqx evwm›`v Zviv
cvbwb| 3. G Qvov fvlvMZ wfbœZv †Zv wQjB| Z‡e G m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ †Kvb weeiY Rvbv bv †M‡jI G
Kv‡Ri m~Pbv †h wmÜz weR‡qi ci †_‡K ïiæ n‡q wQj Zvi my¯úó cÖgvY BwZnvm †_‡K cvIqv hvq|
3.3 wmÜz weR‡qvËiKv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v

wnRix cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †kl `k‡K wmÜz‡Z Avie kvmb cÖwZôvi GKwU hyMvšÍKvix Aa¨vq| KviY Gi d‡j G
iv‡Rï Øvi Avie‡ì Rb¨ Db¥y³ n‡q hvq| mgy`ªc‡_ evwY‡Rï gva¨‡g fvi‡Zi m‡½ Avie‡ì cwiPq
Av‡MB N‡UwQj|17 AZtci emivi mv‡_ kxivh, wKigvb I gyKivb DcK‚j w`‡q wmÜyim‡½ ¯’j c‡_I
†hvMv‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq|18 93 wn./711 wLª. gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwm‡gi wmÜy weR‡qi ci †_‡K G me c‡_B eû
msL¨K Avi‡ei wmÜy‡Z AvMgb N‡U; hviv gyKivb †_‡K †èj ch©šÍ mg¯Í ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kni I e›`‡i Qwo‡q
c‡ob|19 wmÜz‡Z Bmjvgx ÁvbweÁv‡bi AvMgb I cÖmv‡ii me©cÖ_g †h wjwce× cÖgvY cvIqv hvq, Zv n‡jv
gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwm‡gi wmÜz weRq cieZ©x Kv‡ji NUbv| G K_v Rvbv hvq †h, Avie •mb¨‡ì g‡a¨
A‡b‡K wQ‡jb KyiAvb cvVK (Kzi&iv), hv‡ì Ici KziAvb cv‡V wb‡qvwRZ _vKvi e¨vcv‡i nv¾vR web
BDmy‡di wb‡`©kbv wQj|20 ïay ZvB bq, KziAvb-mybœvq cvi`kx© wKQz msL¨K e¨w³I gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwm‡gi
m‡½ wmÜz‡Z AvMgb K‡ib|21 †hgb: g~mv Beb BqvKye Avm-mvKvdx, whwb gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwm‡gi m‡½
wmÜy AvMgb K‡ib Ges Av‡jv‡ii KvRx wbhy³ nb| whwb cieZx©Kv‡j wmÜz‡Z ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡iwQ‡jb,
wZwb wQ‡jb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKRb we`» cwÐZ|22G Qvov Bqvwh` Beb Avex Kvekv Avm-mvKvdx (g„.97
14 cÖv¸³, c„.162
15 we.`ª.: Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, Zvnhxe, nvq`vivev`: 1325wn., L.5, c„.328-29
16 myjvBgvb b`fx, dZzûj eyj`vb, AvRgMo: `viæj gymvwbœd, Zv.we., c„. 432; https://bit.ly/3onZiiS 24 June 2021
17 myjvBgvb bv`fx, Avie I wn›` †K ZvAvjøyKvZ, jv‡nvi: gvkÕAvj ey·, 2004wLª., c„.7-8
18 R.C.Majumdear, Arab Invansion of India, Madraz:1931,Ibit, P.45
19 myjvqgvb bv`fx, cÖv¸³, c„.304
20 ebx eLk Lvb evj~P, PvPbvgv (dvZn bvgv wmÜ), Rvg‡kvi: wmwÜ Avèx †evW©, Rvbyqvix 2008wLª., c„.78
21 cÖv¸³, c„.79
22 cÖv¸³, c„.186-87(we.`ª.)
67
wn./715 wLª.) whwb GKRb cÖL¨vZ ZvweC I nv`xm eY©bvKvix wmKvn (wbf©i‡hvM¨) ivex wQ‡jb| Abyiƒcfv‡e
AMwYZ nv`xm wekvi` fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib| d‡j Avie mv¤ªv‡Rï GB `~icÖv‡P¨ wKQz msL¨K
Avie Dcwb‡ek M‡o I‡V; †hgb: gvbmyiv, gyjZvb, †èj, wmb`vb, Kzm`vi I Kv›`vwej|23 Kvjµ‡g Gme
¯’vbB Bmjvgx Ávb Z_v KziAvb-nv`xm PP©vi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V|
K. gvbmyivq nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª
eZ©gvb wmÜyi nvq`vivev` †_‡K 47 gvBj DËi c~‡e© cÖvPxb wmÜy b‡ì Mf© †_‡K A`~‡i Aew¯’Z weL¨vZ
wUjv fvgeªvKv_yj aŸsmcÖvß Avj-gvbmyiv bMixi mvÿ¨ enb K‡i|24 375 wn./985 mv‡j Avj-gvK‡`mx G
bMix mdi K‡ib| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, Avj-gvbmyiv n‡”Q wmÜzi ivRavbx; A‡bKUv `v‡g‡¯‥i AbyKi‡Y KvV,
Pzb Avi evwji †jcb w`‡q Gi feb¸‡jv wbwg©Z| Kg©e¨¯Í evRvi GjvKvq Aew¯’Z wekvj Rv‡g gmwR` hvi
†`qvj BU-cv_i Avi Qv` †m¸b KvV Øviv wbwg©Z; †`L‡Z A‡bKUv Igv‡bi gmwR` m`„k| bMixi PviwU
†ZviY wQj, h_v: eve Avj-evn&i (mgy`ª †ZviY), eve Zzivb (Zzivb †ZviY), eve wm›`vb (wm›`vb †ZviY)
Ges eve gyjZvb (gyjZvb †ZviY)|25 G mgq †mLv‡b Bmjvg ¯^xq †M․ie I mejZv, DrK…óZv I cweÎZvi
mv‡_ weivRgvb wQj|26 Avj-gvbmyivq ZLb wQj Ávb I Ávbx‡ì ¯^Y© hyM| 27 Avj-gvbmyivq †h mKj
gynvwÏm nv`xm PP©vq Avi Ávb mvabvq m`v e¨vc„Z wQ‡jb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ K‡qKRb n‡”Qb-
Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Beb mv‡jn Avj-gvbm~ix (in.): wZwb Aveyj AveŸvm Bebyj Avmiv‡gi (g„.332wn.)
wbKU dvwi‡m Ges Avj-emivq Avngv` Avj-wnh&hvbxi (g„.332wn.) wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib|28 gvKw`mx
e‡jb, Avwg Avj-gvbmyiv mdi Kv‡j †`‡LwQ †h, Aveyj AveŸvm Avj-gvbmyix ¯^xq cÖwZwôZ cvVP‡µ nv`xm
wkÿv w`‡”Qb|29wZwb wQ‡jb Rv‡nix gvhnv‡ei GKRb cÖL¨vZ MÖš’Kvi| whwb †ek K‡qKwU ÁvbMf© e„nr MÖš’
msKjb K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q, wKZveyj wgmevn Avj-Kvexi, wKZveyj nv`x Ges wKZveyb
bvwiq¨v|30 G Qvov Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Avj-gvbm~ix (g„.336wn.) Ges Avãyjøvn Beb RvÔdi Beb gyi&iv
Avj-gvbmyix (g„.390wn.) wnRix 4_© kZ‡Ki G AÂ‡ji nv`xmwe` wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq|
L. †è‡j nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª
eZ©gv‡bi LvUv I KivwPi gaëZx© ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z ZrKvjxb †èj e›ì| G e›ì we‡`‡ki m‡½ mvgyw`ªK
evwY‡Rï GK weivU †K›`ªf‚wg‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj|31 gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwm‡gi wmÜz weRq (711-714 wLª.)
Gi ci †_‡K †è‡ji ¸iæZ¡ Av‡iv e„w× cvq| GLv‡b wZwb GKwU gmwR` wbgv©Y K‡ib Ges 4000 †jv‡Ki
GKwU Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb K‡ib| eëmv-evwY‡Rï †K›`ª †èj AwP‡iB Avie Awaevmx‡ì Øviv f‡i I‡V|32
†è‡j Avie‡ì evwYwR¨K I cÖkvmwbK Kg©Kv‡Ûi cvkvcvwk P‡j Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖPvi-cÖmvi| gymwjg
†`k¸wji mv‡_ mgy`ªc‡_ hvZvqv‡Zi myweavi Kvi‡Y G me †`k †_‡K eû msL¨K D`¨gx gynvwÏm-cwÐ‡Zi
†è‡j ïfvMgb N‡U| d‡j GLv‡b Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi cÖwZ †ek AvMÖn jÿ¨ Kiv hvq Ges eûmsL¨K ivex
ev nv`xm eY©bvKvix m„wó nq|33 Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb wb¤œiƒc-
23 cÖv¸³, c„.300
24 Eliot and Dowson, History of India, London:1869, Part-1, P.374
25 we.`ª.: Avj-gvKw`mx, AvnmvbyZ ZvKvmxg dx gvwidvwZj AvKvjxg, Kvq‡iv: gvKZvev gvè~jx, 1991wLª. c„. 474-479
26 cÖv¸³, c„.479
27 cÖv¸³
28 Bgvg hvnvex, gxhvbyj B‡Z`vj, Kvq‡iv: 1325wn, L.1, c„.66
29 Avj-gvKw`mx, cÖv¸³, c„.481
30 Beb bv`xg, wKZveyj wdnwi¯Í, Kvq‡iv: 1348wn. c„.306
31 myjvBgvb bv`fx, cÖv¸³, c„.392
32 cÖv¸³
33 cÖv¸³; BqvKzZ, gyÔRvgyj eyj`vb, m¤úv. I‡qóvb wdì (jvB cwRm, 1866wLª.) L.2, c„.638
68
1. Avey RvÔdi Av`-`vqeyjx (in.): wZwb cÖ_g †èjevmx whwb nv`xm wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ we‡`k Mgb K‡ib|
wZwb g°vi cÖL¨vZ K‡qKRb nv`xmwekvi‡ì wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| G QvovI wZwb Beb DqvBbvi
wKZveyZ Zvdmxi MÖš’Kv‡ii QvÎ mvC` Beb Avãyi ingvb Avj-gvLhywgi (g„.249wn.) wbKU Aa¨qb
K‡ib|34 Avi wKZveyj weiIm wmjv Aa¨qb K‡ib MÖš’vKv‡ii QvÎ Avj-ûmvBb Avj-gviIqvRxi (g„.
448 wn.) wbK‡U| 35 wZwb g°v‡ZB nv`xm cÖPvi Kv‡R AvgiY (g„.322wn.) Kg©e¨¯Í wQ‡jb|
2. Avngv` Beb Avwãjøvn Av`-`vqeyjx (in.): wZwb Avey RvÔdi Av`-`vqeyjxi GKRb cÖLi †gavex QvÎ
Ges 4_© kZvãxi eû‡`k mdiKvix GKRb wewkó gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| wZwb g°vq Avey RvÔdi Av`-`vqeyjx
(g„. 322 wn.) I gyAvÏvj Beb gynv¤§` Avj-Rvbvwì (g„. 308 wn.) wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| G Qvov
wZwb wgmi, `v‡g¯‥, evM`v`, emiv, •eiƒZ, wbkvcyi BZ¨vw` AÂ‡ji cÖwm× gynvwÏme„›` †_‡K nv`xm
Aa¨qb K‡ib| wZwb AvgiY wbkvcy‡i nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Ávb weZi‡Y wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zvi wbKU †_‡K
Avj-nv‡Kg wbkvcyix nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib| wbkvcy‡i (343wn.) G nv`xmwekvi` BwšÍKvj K‡ib|36
3. Beivnxg Beb gynv¤§` Av`-`vqeyjx (in.): wZwb wQ‡jb Avey RvÔdi Av`-`vqeyjxi cyÎ I GKRb wewkó
nv`xm eY©bv Kvix ivex| wZwb evM`v‡ì nv‡dR gymv Beb nvi~b Avj-evhhvh (g„.294wn.)37 Ges g°vi
GKRb gynvwÏm gynv¤§` Beb Avjx Avj-mvBM (g„.291wn.)38 gynvwÏm Ø‡qi wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib
Ges nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib| G Qvov ZrKv‡j †è‡j hviv gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§` Beb Avwãjøvn Av`-`vqejx (g„.346wn.), Avj-nvmvb Beb gynv¤§` Beb Avmv`
Av`-`vqeyjx (g„.Avby.350wn.), Lvjd Beb gynv¤§` Av`-`vqeyjx (g„.307wn.),Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Beb
nviæb Av`-`vqeyjx (g„.Avby.370wn.),Avj-nvmvb Beb nv‡g` Av`-`vqeyjx (g„.Avby.407wn.),Aveyj
Kv‡mg kyqvBe Beb gynv¤§` Beb Avng` Av`-`vqeyjxi (g„.Avby.400 wn.) bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
M. Kzm`v‡i nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª
Kzm`vi eZ©gvb †ejywP¯Ív‡bi AšÍM©Z KvjvZ iv‡Rï GKwU kni| nhiZ wmbvb Beb mvjvgv Avj-ûhvjxi
(iv.) Kei GLv‡b Aew¯’Z| wZwb ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi GKRb mvnvex| gyqvweqv (iv.) Gi Avg‡j †gU‡ì
weiƒ‡× Awfhv‡b †bZ„Z¡ `vb Kv‡j wZwb kvnv`vZ eiY K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l gynv¤§` Bebyj Kvwmg KZ©„K Bnv
gymwjg m¤ªv‡Rï c~ev©Â‡ji mv‡_ hy³ nq| GwU wKigvb, dvwim I Lyivmv‡bi m‡½ fvi‡Zi m½g¯’j I
¸iæZ¡c~Y© evwYwR¨K †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V| G me †`k †_‡K AvMZ ewYK I AmsL¨ fviZxq †jvKRb
GLv‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i; †hLv‡b gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ †ek wKQz gmwR` gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ ¯’vwcZ
nq hv Bmjvgx Ávb PP©vi †K›`ª wn‡m‡e M‡o I‡V| 39 5g wn. kZ‡Ki c~e© ch©šÍ gvÎ `yBRb Kzm`vix
gynvwÏ‡mi nv`xm PP©vi eY©bv BwZnv‡m cvIqv hvq| AZGe ejv hvq, wn. 4_© kZvãx‡Z Kzm`v‡i ¯^vaxb
Avie ivR¨ cÖwZôv jMœ †_‡KB G AÂ‡j nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v ïiæ nq|
1. RvÔdi Bebyj LvËve Avj-Kzm`vix (in.): wZwb Kzm`v‡ii Awaevmx wKš‘ wZwb ej‡Li Avãym mvgv` Beb
gynv¤§` Avj-Avwmgxi Kv‡Q Bj‡g nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib I †mLv‡bB ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡ib| wZwb
GKRb dwKn I Bjwg nv`x‡mi wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex wQ‡jb| Zvi KvQ †_‡K nv‡dR Aveyj dzZzn Avãyj
Mv‡di Avj-KvkMix (g„. 474 wn.) nv`xm eY©bv K‡ib|40 wn. 5g kZvãxi kyiæi w`‡K gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
Zvi L¨vwZ PZziw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o|
34 Beb bv`xg, Avj wdnvwiw¯Í, (wgmi:1348wn.), c„. 316

35 cÖv¸³, c„.319
36 Dr. Muhammad Ishaqe, India’s Contribution to the study of Hadith Literature, Dhaka: The University
of Dacca,1976, pp.32-34
37 LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, ZvixL evM`v`, Kvq‡iv: 1931wLª., 3.L, c„.293
38 Dr. Muhammad Ishaqe, ibid, p.32
39 Avj-gvKw`mx, cÖv¸³, c„.478
40 Dr. Muhammad Ishaqe, ibid, p.41
69
2. mxevIqB Beb BmgvCj Beb `vD` Avj-Kzm`vix (in.): wZwb g°vq wnRiZ K‡ib Ges Z_vq wZwb
nv`xm wkÿvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvi kvqL‡ì g‡a¨ Avj-Avm Aveyj Kv‡mg Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Avj-
ûmvBbx, BqvnBqv Beb Beivnxg Avj-gvKûj Ges ivRv Beb Avew`j Iqvwn` Avj-Bmevnvbxi bvg
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb 463 wn. mv‡ji w`‡K B‡šÍKvj K‡ib| 41
wnRix PZz_© kZvãxi †klv‡a© BmgvCjxiv gyjZvb I Avj-gvbmyiv ivR¨ †Rvic~e©K `Lj K‡i †bq|42
BmgvCjxq‡ì GB weR‡qi d‡j wmÜzi mywbœ‡ì Rxeb I ag© wek¦v‡mi Dci my`~i cÖmvix GK fqven
`ytmgq †b‡g Av‡m| GB kxÔAv kvmK‡ì cÖPÐ AvNv‡Zi d‡j wmÜzi K‡qK kZvãx cÖvPxb mybœx Avie
kvmb Ges Zv‡ì ag© wek¦vm, K„wó-KvjPvi, wkÿv eë¯’v aŸsm n‡q hvq| wnRix cÂg kZvãx‡Z
`vwÿYv‡Z¨ I ¸Riv‡U h_vµ‡g evngx I gyRvd&di kvnx kvmK eskØ‡qi D™¢‡ei c~e© ch©šÍ fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm wkÿvi aviv wejw¤^Z nq| evngx I gyRvd&di kvnx kvmK‡ì kvmbfvi MÖnY Ges
Gwkqvq gymwjg AvwacZ¨ jv‡fi ci †mLv‡b Av‡jg-Ijvgvi AvMg‡bi d‡j DËi fvi‡Z nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
Av‡jv wgUwgU K‡i cÖ¾¡wjZ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i|
N. jv‡nv‡ii nv`xm PPv©‡K›`ª
wnRix PZz_© kZ‡Ki †kl fv‡M myjZvb gvngy` MRbex cvÄve AwaKvi Ki‡j DËi fvi‡Z gymwjg kvmb
cÖwZôv nq|43cieZx© `yB kZ eQ‡ii g‡a¨ G m¤ªv‡Rï mxgv‡iLv e½‡cvmvMi ch©šÍ we¯Ívi jvf K‡i| ivR¨
we¯Ív‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwZ‡ekx gymwjg †`kmg~n n‡Z m~dx-Ijx, Ijvgv I nv`xmwe`‡ì AvMg‡bi d‡j
†MvUv DËi fvi‡Z Bmjvg cÖPvi I Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁv‡bi e¨vcK cÖmvi N‡U| jv‡nv‡i Bjwg nv`xm
cÖeZ©‡bi BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ hvi bvg RwoZ wZwb eyLvivi weL¨vZ mvaK kvqL BmgvCj Avj-jvûix (in.);
whwb GKvav‡i GKRb nv`xm I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i cwÐZ e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e cÖwmw× Qwo‡q c‡owQj jv‡nvi Ry‡o|
wZwb 1056 wLª. BwšÍKvj K‡ib|44
1. Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb Dgi Avj-jvûix (in.): nv`xmwekvi` wn‡m‡e Zvi mybvg my`~i evM`v` ch©šÍ
Qwo‡q c‡owQj| wZwb ïay GKRb nv`xmwekvi`B wQ‡jb bv; wewkó Kwe mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡eI mycwiwPZ
wQ‡jb| wZwb nv‡dR gyRvd&di Avj-mvC`xi wbKU nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci ZrKvjxb wewkó
gynvwÏm Aveyj dhj gynv¤§` Beb bvwmi Avj-evM`v`xi (467-550 wn.) wbKU Bjwg nv`xm Aa¨qb
K‡ib| wZwb 529 wn. jv‡nv‡i g„ZzëiY K‡ib|45 Zvi g„Zzï ci Zvi wewkó QvÎ, cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm
Aveyj dyZzn jvnyix (g„. 550 wn.) my`~i mgiK‡›` nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|46
2. Aveyj Kv‡mg gynv¤§` web Lvjd Avj-jvûix (in.): wZwb jv‡nvi †_‡K Lyivmv‡bi BmdvivB‡b wnRiZ K‡ib
Ges ¯’vqxfv‡e emevm K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb mvgÔAvbxi wcZvgn Aveyj gyhvd&di Avm-mvgÔAvbxi wbKU Bjwg
nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib|47 G QvovI ZrKvjxb eûmsL¨K gynvwÏm †_‡K wZwb nv`xm wkÿv AR©b K‡ib|
3.4 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª I weL¨vZ gynvwÏme„›`

HwZnvwmK wdwikZv48 e‡jb, ÔAóg wnRix kZ‡K cvK-fvi‡Z nv`xmkv‡¯¿i µgweKv‡ki aviv m~wPZ nq|
`vwÿYv‡Zï evnvgybx ev`kv gvngy` evngybx (780-799 wn.) Bjwg nv`xm cÖPv‡ii w`‡K we‡kl jÿ¨
Av‡ivc K‡ib| nv`xm wkÿv_©x‡ì Rb¨ wZwb e„wËi eë¯’v K‡ib|Õ49
41 ibid
42 myjvBgvb bv`fx, cÖv¸³, c„.313
43 Aveyj Kv‡mg wdwikZv, ZvwiL-B- wn›`, Kvbcyi: 1874 wLª., L.1, c„.27
44 †Mvjvg miIqvi, LvRxbvZzj AvmKxqv, j‡ÿœ․ : bIj wK‡kvi †cÖm, 1902wLª., L.2, c„. 230
45 mvgÔAvbx, Avbmve, cÖv¸³, c„.497
46 cÖv¸³, c„. 497
47 cÖv¸³, c„. 497
70
K. w`wjø: wbhvgyÏxb AvDwjqvi nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª

nhiZ wbhvg DwÏb AvDwjqv bv‡g L¨vZ gynv¤§` Beb Avngv` Beb Avjx 1236 mv‡j ev`vqy‡b Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| wZwb wek eQi eq‡m Aviex mvwnZ¨ I wdKn kv‡¯¿ wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ KvRx c‡` PvKzixi B”Qv †cvlY
K‡ib| wKš‘ kvqL bRxeyÏxb gyZvIw°‡ji Aby‡iv‡a cvKcUb †cu․‡Q kvqL dwi` DÏxb M‡ÄkvK‡ii wkl¨Z¡
MÖnY K‡ib| Ávb mvabvq DrKwl©Z n‡Z n‡Z wZwb Zvi Lwjdvi gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| 50 wKš‘ Avð‡h©i welq
n‡jv QvÎRxe‡b Zvi nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM nqwb| Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi ¯Íi¸‡jv hZB AwZµg KiwQ‡jb ZZB
wZwb nv`xm wkÿvi ZxeªZv Abyfe KiwQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l wZwb gvIjvbv KvgvjyÏxb hv‡n‡ì wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY
Ki‡jb Ges Zvi Kv‡Q ÒgvkvwiKzj Av‡bvqviÓ nv`xm MÖš’wU Aa¨qb K‡ib; GgbwK me nv`xm¸‡jv gyL¯’
K‡i †bb| 1280 mv‡j cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ Zvi KvQ †_‡K nv`x‡mi mb` MÖnY K‡ib|51 AZtci wZwb nv`xm
wkÿv`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb Ges LvbKvi †jvK‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi Drmvn
m„wó K‡ib; d‡j Zvi gyix`M‡Yi g‡a¨ wecyj msL¨K Avwjg m„wó nq| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb m¤ú‡K©
wb‡¤œ Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv-
1. kvgmyÏxb gynv¤§` Beb BqvnBqvn AvIqv`x© (g„.747 wn.): wZwb nhiZ wbhvg DwÏb AvDwjqv,
dwi`yÏxb Avk-kvwdCÔ I hnxiæDÏxb f°ix (in.) Gi wbKU wkÿv jvf K‡i wQ‡jb| AZtci wZwb
myjZvb AvjvDwÏb LvjRxi Avg‡j w`jøxi kvnx gvìvmvq wkÿK wbhy³ nb| 724 wn./ 1332 wLª. wZwb
kvqL wbhvg DÏx‡bi Lwjdv wbhy³ nb| AZtci wZwb Kvk¥x‡i Bmjvg cÖPv‡i wbhy³ nb| 747
wnRix‡Z wZwb †kl wb:k¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|52 D‡jøL¨, wZwb wQ‡jb cÖ_g fviZxq gynvwÏm|
2. dLiyÏxb hviiv` mvgvbfx †`njfx (g„.748 wn.): wZwb dLiæÏxb AvIqv`x© I w`jøxi cÖL¨vZ K‡qKRb
gynvwÏ‡mi wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| Bjwg nv`xm I wdKnkv‡¯¿ Zvi mgvb cvwÐZ¨ wQj| wZwb
w`jøx‡Z hLb Ôwn`vqvÕ wKZv‡ei ìm cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb ZLb wZwb eyLvix-gymwjg †_‡K wn`vqvq ewY©Z
nv`xmmg~‡ni mgZzj¨ nv`xm cÖgvY wn‡m‡e eY©bv Ki‡Zb| d‡j wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKU wn`vqvi weï×Zv I
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Av‡iv eû ¸‡Y †e‡o †hZ|53
3. wRqv DÏxb Beb gyqvwq¨`yj g~jK evivbx: wZwb ZvwiL-B-wd‡ivRkvnx Ab¨Zg †jLK| wZwb wbhvgyÏx
AvIwjqvi gywi` nIqvi ci gyiwk‡ì ms¯ú‡k© Ae¯’vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ †h mKj
nv`x‡mi DØ„wZ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z Zvi G wel‡q Mfxi cvwÐ‡Zï cÖgvY †g‡j| wZwb G MÖ ‡š’i
f~wgKvq nv`xm I BwZnv‡mi gv‡S Zzjbvg~jK ÁvbMf© Av‡jvPbv †ck K‡i‡Qb|54
4. gywnDÏxb Beb RvjvjyÏxb Beb KzZzeyÏxb Kvkvbx (g„. 719 wn.): wZwb A‡hva¨vi KvRx es‡ki mšÍvb
wQ‡jb| wbhvg DwÏb AvDwjqvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cÖwZ AZ¨šÍ gb‡hvMx wQ‡jb|
nv`x‡mi ì‡m e‡m wZwb nv`x‡mi RwUj wel‡qi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Zb| LvwRbvZzj Avmwdqv MÖ‡š’ Zvi
m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, wZwb nv`xm, Zvdmxi I wdKn kv‡¯¿ cwÐZ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| 719 wnRix‡Z wZwb
BwšÍKvj K‡ib|55
48 gynv¤§` Kvwmg wn›`y kvn; whwb HwZnvwmK ÔwdwikZvÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb 1612 wLª. Zvi weL¨vZ ZvwiL-B-wdwikZv
MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii ivRZ¡Kv‡ji †kl ch©šÍ NUbvmg~n mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| [we.`ª.:
https://bit.ly/3paphcp ]
49 gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„. 463
50 †Mvjvg Avngv`, dvIqv‡q`yjdyqv` (D`y Aby.), iƒn ZK, 1313 wn. c„. 48
51 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 141
52 Avãyj nK gynvwÏm w`njvfx (in.), AvLeviæj AvLBqvi, wgivU: 1277 wn., c„. 90-91, (G QvovI MÖš’wU 1307 wnRix‡Z jv‡nv‡ii
ÔgvmvevZ wemmybvœ nÕ cÖKvkbx †_‡K D`©~ fvlvq cÖKvwkZ nq|)
53 myjvBgvb b`fx m¤úvw`Z, gvÔAv‡id (D`y© gvwmK cwÎKv), AvRgMo, L. 22k, ms. 5,c„. 331
54 wRqv DÏxb evivbx, ZixL-B-wd‡ivRkvnx, †KvjKvZv: we‡eøv BwÛKv ms KwjKvZv, 1862 wLª., c„.9-11, 102 (we.`ª.)
55 gxi Ly`©, wmqviæj AvIwjqv, w`jøx: 1885 wLª., c„. 325 I 275
71
5. wbhvgyÏxb Avjøvg hvdivev`x (g„.735 wn.): wZwb Bjwg nv`x‡m AMva cvwÐ‡Z¡i AwaKvix wQ‡jb| G
Kvi‡Y Zv‡K Òhye`vZzj gynvÏxmxbÓ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| Zvi AmvaviY e¨w³Z¡ I Áv‡bi
MfxiZvq gyM× n‡q Zvi kvqL wbhvg DwÏb AvDwjqv (in.) Zv‡K Zvui Lwjdv wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb
735 wnRix‡Z G aiv †Q‡o gnvb i‡ei mvwbœa¨ jvf K‡ib|56
6. kvqL bvmxiæÏxb †PivM-B-w`jøx (g„.757 wn.): Zvi bvg bvmxiæÏxb gvngy` Beb BqvnBqv Beb Avew`j
jZxd ûmvqbx Bqvh`x AvIqv`x©| wZwb Ò†PivM-B-‡`njxÓ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb gyywnDÏx
Kvkvbx, kvgmy&Ïxb gynv¤§` AvIqv`x© I Ab¨vb¨ Avwj‡gi wbKU Bjwg nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| Zvui
gvjdzhvZ ÒLvqiæj gvRvwjmÓ Zvui nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cvwÐ‡Z¡i cÖgvY enb K‡i| 57
7. mvwq¨` gynv¤§` †Mmy `vivh (g„. 825 wn.): Zvui Avmj bvg Aveyj dvZvn mìæÏxb gynv¤§` Beb BDmyd
Beb Avjx ûmvBbx GKRb cÖL¨vZ Avwjg I g¯Íeo Ijx wQ‡jb| ewY©Z Av‡Q, Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q
wZwb kZvwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK K‡qKwU n‡”Q- 1.ki‡n gvkvwiKzj
AvbIqvi, 2.ZiRgv-B-gvkvwiKzj AvbIqvi, 3.wKZveyj AvievCb, 4. wmivZzb bex BZ¨vw`|58
8. kvqL IqvRx ûÏxb: gkvqL IqvRx ûÏxb bvmxiæÏxb †PivM-B-w`jøxi GK wewkó gyix` wQ‡jb| wZwb
GKRb weL¨vZ gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| wgdZvûj wRbvb Zvi nv`xm welqK weL¨vZ iPbv| GwU weªwUk
wgDwRqv‡g msiwÿZ Av‡Q|59
9. KvRx wknveyÏxb ÌjZvev`x (g„. 849 wn.): wZwb wnRix beg kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©i GKRb cÖL¨vZ Avwjg
wQ‡jb| Zvi c~Y© bvg gvwjKzj Djvgv wknveyÏxb Beb kvgmyÏxb Beb Dgi hveyjx MRbfx ÌjvZvev`x|
wZwb `vwÿYv‡Zï †`․jZvev‡` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| w`jøx‡Z gvIjvbv LvRMx, KvRx Avãyj gyKZvwì
ïivqnxi b¨vq weL¨vZ AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU wZwb wkÿvjvf K‡ib| myjZvb Beivnxg mvKx Zvu‡K
ÒgvwjKzj DjvgvÓ ev AvwjgK~j m¤ªvU Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|60
10. kvgmyÏxb Lv‡RMx Kvivex (g„. 878 wn.): Zvi c~Y© bvg kvgmyÏxb Lv‡RMx Beb Avngv` Beb kvgmyÏxb
gyjZvbx Kvivex (in.)| wZwb wQ‡jb BmgvCj Beb RvÔdi mv‡`K (in.) Gi eskai| wZwb Ògvkv‡iKzj
AvbIqviÓ †_‡K nv`xm evQvB K‡i GKwU ÒAvievCbÓ Pwjøk nv`xm msKjb K‡ib Ges Zv gyL¯’ K‡i
†bb| wZwb Gjvnev‡ì wbKU¯’ wbR Rb¥f~wg Kvovq 18 gynviig 878 wnRix‡Z BwšÍKvj K‡ib|61
L. wenvi: kidzÏxb Avj-gvwbixi nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª
kidzÏxb gvwbix 62 (in.) cvUbvi AšÍM©Z wenvi †_‡K 60 gvBj `~‡i gvwbi bvgK ¯’v‡b 1263 mv‡j
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb GKRb mycÖwm× Ijx I wewkó gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| wZwb nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v, nv`xm
eY©bvKvix‡ì Rxebx I nv`x‡mi cwifvlv BZ¨vw` wel‡q c~Y©gvÎvq cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvui gvKZzev‡Z
(cÎ msKjb) I ZvmvID‡di wKZvemg~‡n cÖPzi nv`xm D×„Z K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq, eis A‡bK RvqMvq
wZwb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wewfbœ w`K †hgb, nv`x‡mi fvev_© eY©bv (kvwãK eY©bv bq), eY©bvKvix‡ì kZ©vejx
BZ¨vw` wel‡q ¯^xq iPbvejx‡Z `xN© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb Ges mvnxnvBb, gymbv` Avexqvjv Avj-gvIwmjx,
kiûj gvmvexn I gvkv‡iKzj AvbIqv‡ii m~Î D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| aviYv Kiv nq †h, Bgvg beexi (g„: 672
wn:) kin gymwj‡gi GKwU Kwc Zvui Kv‡Q gIRy` wQj Ges wZwb Zv Mfxifv‡e Aa¨qb K‡iwQ‡jb| Kw_Z
Av‡Q †h, ïay wenv‡i bq eis mgMÖ fvi‡Z eyLvix I gymwjg mnxn MÖš’Ø‡qi Aa¨q‡bi cÖeZ©b Kivi †M․ie
56 KvmxûÏxb, Sharqi Monuments of Jaunpur, †R․bcyi: 1922wLª., c„. 97

57 gvÔAv‡id (D`y© gvwmK cwÎKv), cÖv¸³, L. 22, ms. 5, c„.331
58 Avãyj nvB nvmvbx, byhnvZzj LvIqvwZi, nvq`vivev`: cÖKvk¯’vb AbywjøwLZ, 1350 wn., L.3, c„.187; gynv¤§` nvwg` wmÏxwK m¤úv.,
gvjdzhv‡Z †Mmy`vivh, Kvbcyi: 1365wn. c„ 7-26 (f~wgKv)
59 nvRx Ljxdv, Kvkdzh hybyb, jÛb: 1842wLª, L.6, c„. 11; gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 142
60 Avãyj nvB nvmvbx, byhnvZzj LvIqvwZi, cÖv¸³, c„.71
61 cÖv¸³, c„. 170
62 Dr. Abdul Karim, Sosial History of Muslim in Bangal, 2nd edition, Chittagong : Baitush Sharaf,1985, P.129
72
me©cÖ_g wZwbB AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| nv`xm †Kej Zvi gyL¯’B wQj bv, eis wZwb nv`xm Abyhvqx AvgjI
Ki‡Zb| †Kej GKvi‡YB wZwb KL‡bv LieyRv Lvbwb †h, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) LieyRv †L‡qwQ‡jb wK bv Zv
wZwb Rvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| Gme ¸Y Qvov kvidzÏxb gvwbix KziAvb I nv`x‡mi ZvmvIDd wfwËK wkÿviI
cÖgvY iƒ‡c MY¨ n‡Zb|
1. kvqL gyhvd&di evjLx (g„. 786 wn.): gyhvddi Beb kvgmyÏxb evjLx kvidzÏxb gvwbixi Ljxdv
wQ‡jb| wZwb w`jøx‡Z wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib Ges myjZvb wd‡ivR kvn ZzMjK (752-90wn:) Zvu‡K w`jøxi
ÒKzk‡K jvjÓ gvìvmvi wkÿK wbhy³ K‡ib| Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Zuvi Mfxi cvwÐ‡Zï cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z Zvui
kvqL kvidzÏxb gvwbix Zvu‡K ÒBgvgÓ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib| kvqL gyhvddi gvkv‡iKzj AvbIqv‡ii
GKwU fvl¨ wj‡LwQ‡jb, hv m¤¢eZt Zuvi BwšÍKv‡ji wKQzw`b c‡iB webó n‡q †M‡Q| wZwb †h hyM‡kÖô
gynvwÏm wQ‡jb Zvi cÖgvY Zvi åvZz®úÎ I †¯œnv®ú` QvÎ ûgvqb bIkv-B-ZvInx`‡K wZwb eyLvix-
gymwj‡gi mb` cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| gyiwk` kvidzÏxb gvwbixi BwšÍKv‡ji ci kvqL gyhvddi wnRiZ
K‡i g°v Mgb K‡ib Ges 1386 mv‡j G‡Wb-G BwšÍKvj K‡ib|63
2. ûmvBb Beb gyBhh wenvix (g„. 845 wn.): wZwb †di`vIwmqv wmjwmjvi GKRb mydx I gynvwÏm wQ‡jb|
gvL`yg kvidyÏxb KZ©„K jvwjZ cvwjZ n‡q wZwb wcZ…e¨ kvqL gyhvdd‡ii Kv‡Q eyLvix I gymwjg cvV
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv kvqLyj Bmjvg gyBh wenvixI †ek L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cÖwZ
ûmvB‡bi Mfxi AbyivM †`‡L wZwb Zv‡K mnxn gymwj‡gi GKLvbv Kwc Dcnvi †`b; hv †ikgx e‡¯¿
†mvbvjx Aviex Aÿ‡i wjwLZ wQj| ûmvBb wcZ…e¨ gyhvdd‡ii m‡½ wnRvh Mgb K‡ib Ges G‡W‡b
LvZxe Av`vbxi Kv‡Q nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| wZwb wnRvh †_‡K †`‡k †divi mgq †ek wKQz nv`xmMÖš’
G‡bwQ‡jb| Zvui iwPZ GKLvbv cyw¯ÍKvi bvg Òwimvjv-B AvIiv`-B `vn dmjxÓ| G‡Z †Kej wmnvn&
wmËvn bq eis evqnvKxi mybvb Ges Avj-nv‡Kg wbkvcyixi gy¯ÍvìvK †_‡KI cÖPzi nv`xm D×…Z Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G gnvb mvaK 844 wnRix‡Z gvwb‡i †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|64
3. Avngv` jsMi-B-`wiqv wenvix (g„. 891 wn.): wZwb wQ‡jb AmvaviY †gavex gynvwÏm| hvi cÖgvY, wZwb
†MvUv Ògvmvweûm mybœvnÓ nv`xm MÖš’Lvbv gvÎ Qq gv‡m gyL¯’ K‡ib| Zuvi evYx msKjb Ògywbmyj KzjyeÓ
Aa¨qb Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, wZwb Zv‡Z eyLvix, gymwjg, gvkv‡iKzj AvbIqvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’
†_‡K cÖPzi nv`x‡mi D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb 891 wn./1486 wLª. BwšÍKvj K‡ib|65
M. Kvk¥xi: mvBwq` Avj-nvg`vbxi nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª

†Lvivmv‡bi GK ì‡ek ch©UK Avgxi-B-Kexi mvwq¨` Avjx Beb wknve nvgv`vbx (in.) [714-786
wn./1314-1385 wLª.] Kvk¥x‡i me©cÖ_g nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb 773 wn./1371 mv‡j Zuvi mvZÕk
f³mn Kvk¥x‡i AvMgb K‡ib Ges AZ¨šÍ mvd‡jï mv‡_ Bmjvg cÖPvi K‡ib| Kvk¥x‡ii kvmbKZ©v
myjZvb KzZyeyÏxb (770-795/1368-92) Zuvi gyix` nIqvi †m․fvM¨ jv‡f Me©‡eva Ki‡Zb| mvBwq` Avjx
nvgv`vbx Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kl eQi¸‡jv Kvk¥x‡i AwZevwnZ K‡ib| Zvi nv`xm welqK iPbv¸‡jv n‡”Q,
1.ÒAvmmveCb wd dvhvB‡j Avwgwij gywgbxb|Ó GUv mËiwU nv`x‡mi mgwó, hv‡Z Avnj-B evq‡Zi †kÖôZ¡
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Gi AwaKvsk nv`xm †di`vDm `vqjvgxi gymbv` †_‡K msKwjZ| 2.ÒAvievCb Avwgwiq¨vÓ
GUv nhiZ Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv.) †_‡K ewY©Z PwjøkwU nv`x‡mi mgwó| wZwb Gme nv`xm kvqL bRgyÏxb
AvhKvbx (g„. 778 wn.) †_‡K †iIqvqvZ K‡i‡Qb| 6B whjn¾ 786wn./Rvbyqvwi 1385 mv‡j wZwb cvim¨
MgbKv‡j cw_g‡a¨ BwšÍKvj K‡ib|66
63 gvÔAv‡id (D`y© gvwmK cwÎKv), cÖv¸³, L. 23, ms. 4, c„.298, gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„.142
66 LvRv Avhg kvn, ZvixL-B-Kvk¥xi, jv‡nvi: 1303 wn., c„. 36-37
73
1. mvwq¨` RvgvjyÏxb (in.): mvwq¨` Avjx nvgv`vbxi GK gyix` wQ‡jb mvwq¨` RvgvjyÏxb (in.)| wZwbI
gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| myjZvb KzZzeyÏxb Zuv‡K Kvk¥x‡i wkÿK wbhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| 67
2. KvRx ûmvBb kxivhx (in.): KvRx ûmvBb kxiv‡hi Awaevmx wQ‡jb Ges ¯^xq gyiwk` gxi gynv¤§`
nvgv`vbxi mv‡_ Kvk¥x‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| ûmvBb kxivhx ÔiZwbq¨vÕ nv`xmmg~n msKjb K‡ib| mßg
wnRixi Òevev iZb wn›`xÓ Gi bv‡g msKjwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| G msKj‡bi nv`xm¸‡jv bKj nv`xm
wQj e‡j RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q| 68
N. gyjZvb: kvqL hvKvwiqvi nv`xm PP©v‡K›`ª
kvqL evnvDÏxb hvKvwiq¨v (g„.666wn.) gyjZv‡b nv`xm wkÿv‡K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zuvi c‡i Zuvi cyÎ I
†c․ÎMY G KvR Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| RvgvjyÏxb DQx I gvL`yg Rvnvwbqv mvwq¨` RvjvjyÏxb eyLvix nv`xm
wkÿvi G †K‡›`ªiB QvÎ wQ‡jb|
1. RvgvjyÏxb gynvwÏm (in.): wZwb kvqL evnvDÏxb hvKvwiqvi cyÎ Ges Ljxdv, kvqL mvìæÏx‡bi gyix`
wQ‡jb| K‡qK eQi ch©šÍ wZwb wbR kni D‡Q gvkv‡iKzi AvbIqvi I gvmvexûm mybœvn cvV`vb
Ki‡Zb| ivm~‡ji mybœv‡Zi cÖwZ AwaK gneŸ‡Zi ìæb wZwb me©`v †gvUv I Agm„Y †cvkvK cwiavb
Ki‡Zb| RvgvjyÏxb wnRix Aóg kZ‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a© gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| 69
2. gvL`yg Rvnvwbqvb mvwq¨` RvjvjyÏxb eyLvix (in.): RvjvjyÏxb ûmvBb Beb Avng` ûmvBbx eyLvix 1307
mv‡j D‡Q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| D‡Q KvRx evnvDÏxb I RvgvjyÏxb gynvwÏ‡mi Kv‡Q wkÿv jvf Kivi ci
wZwb gyjZvb Mgb K‡ib Ges kvqL evnvDÏxb hvKvwiq¨v gyjZvbxi gv`ªvmvq fwZ© nb| ZLb GB gv`ªvmvwU
kvqL evnvDÏx‡bi †c․Î kvqL Aveyj dvZn& iæKbyÏx‡bi cwiPvjbvaxb wQj| wZwb GLv‡b gvkv‡iKzj
AvbIqvi I gvmvweûm mybœvn m¤^wjZ GK eQ‡ii †Kvm© mgvß K‡ib| wZwb †hgb GKRb cÖwm× Av‡jg I
Ijx wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb; †Zgwb GKRb DPygv‡bi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡eI cÖwmw× AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
nv`x‡mi Dci Zuvi `„wó Zx² I myMfxi wQj| kvqL wbqvgyÏxb AvDwjqvi b¨vq wZwbI Bgv‡gi cðv‡Z
wKivZ I Mv‡qevbv Rvbvhvi bvgvh m¤úwK©Z weavb cvjb Ki‡Zb| wZwb QvÎ‡ì‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim
cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb w`jøx‡Z 1375 †_‡K 1379 mswÿß Ae¯’v‡bi mgqI wZwb gvkv‡iKzj AvbIqvi I
gvmvweûm mybœvni cvV`vb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb 1383 mv‡j D‡Q †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|70
3.5 ewnwe©k¦ †_‡K AvMZ gynvwÏme„›`

Avie I Ab¨vb¨ ‡`k †_‡K eû nv`xmwe` fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm cÖPvi-cÖmvi I wkÿv`v‡bi wbwgË
AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv`v‡b hv‡ì Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Zv‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒcÑ
1. nvwdR Beb nvRvi Avj-ÔAvmKvjbxi wklë„›`: BqvnBqv Beb Avãyi ingvb Beb Avwej Lv‡qi Avj-
nv‡kgx Avk-kvwdC (789-843 wn.); gvngy` MvIqvb (803-886 wn.) D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
2. Avãyi ingvb mvLvfxi wklë„›`: Avey dvZn Bebyi i`x g°x (g„.886wn.); Avngv` Beb mv‡jn; Dgvi
Beb gynv¤§` `v‡g¯‥x (829-900wn.); Avãyj Avhxh Beb gvngy` Zzmx Avk-kv‡dC (836-91wn.);
IqvRxûÏxb gynv¤§` gv‡jKx (856-919wn.); ûmvBb Beb Avew`jøvn Beb AvDwjqv wKigvbx (g„.930
wn.); RvgvjyÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Dgvi nvhivgx (869-920wn.); ivdxDÏxb mvdvfx (g„.954wn.) cÖgyL|
3. hvKvwiqv Avbmvixi wklë„›`: Avãyj gyZx nvhivgx (g„.989wn.) I wknveyÏxb AveŸvmx (g„.992wn.)|
4. Beb nvRvi nvqmvgxi wklë„›`: Avãyjøvn Avq`viæmx (g„.990wn.); Aveym mvAv` gynv¤§` dv‡Knx nv¤^jx
(g„.992wn.); gxi gyZ©ev kixd kxivhx (g„.974wn.)I gxi Kvjv gynvwÏm AvKeivev`x (g„.983wn.) cÖgyL|71
67 LvRv Avhg kvn, ZvixL-B-Kvk¥xi, cÖv¸³, c„. 39

68 cÖv¸³, c„.39; Beb nvRvi AvjÔAvmKvjvbx (in.), Bmvevn dx Zvgwqwhm mvnvev, cÖv¸³, L.1, c„. 1087, 1101
69 gvIjvbv AvÔRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 142
70 Avãyj nvB nvmvbx, byhnvZzj LvIqvwZi, cÖv¸³, c„.25-29 (we.`ª.)
71 Dr. Muhammad Ishaqe, ibid, pp.89-100
74
3.6 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM

fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hy‡Mi m~Pbv nq g~jZ: nvwdh Beb nvRvi nvBmvgxi wn›`y¯’vbxq QvÎ‡ì
gva¨‡g| Z‡e G hy‡Mi me©vwaK cÖwm× I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb `yBRb| cÖ_gZ: kvqL Avngv`
mviwn›`x gyRvwÏ` Avj‡dmvbx (in.); hvi ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi eywbqv` wQj nv`xm| wZwb wb‡RB nv`x‡mi
ìm cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| mybœvni Abym„wZi Ici wZwb †Rvi w`‡Zb| Zvui Aby‡cÖiYvq Zvi wklë„‡›ì g‡a¨ eo
eo gynvwÏm •Zwi n‡qwQj, hviv cieZx©‡Z nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`v‡b Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb| wØZxqZ: kvqL Avãyj
nK gynvwÏm w`njvfx (in); whwb fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi exR ecb K‡ib| wZwb w`jøx‡Z
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i ìm cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb wgkKvZ kix‡di dvmx© fvl¨ iPbv K‡ib| Z`xq cyÎ b~iæj nK
†`njvfx (in.) mnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡gi dvmx© fvl¨ iPbv K‡ib| G hy‡MB fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿
PPv©i e¨vcK cÖmvi jvf K‡i| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i eû MÖš’ cÖYqb I Abyev` Kiv nq|72 ZvB G hyM‡K fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| wb‡¤œ G hy‡M nv`xm PP©v m¤ú‡K© ms‡ÿ‡c
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jvÑ
1. gyRvwÏ` Avjwdmvbx (in.) I Zvui wklë„›`
kvqL Avng` mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1034wn.] GKRb AmvaviY cÖwZfvai gynvwÏm I Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j
bÿÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb 1564 mv‡j c~e© cvÄv‡ei AšÍM©Z mviwn›` bvgK ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ¯^xq wcZvi wbKU
cÖv_wgK wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| AZtci wZwb ïiæ‡Z wkqvj‡KvU, Zvic‡i Kvk¥xi mdi K‡ib Ges †gvjøv Kvgvj
DÏxb Kvk¥xix I kvqL BqvKze Qidxi wbKU †_‡K nv`xm-Zvdmxi kv¯¿ I hyw³we`¨v wkÿv jvf K‡ib| G
QvovI wZwb KvRx evnjyj e`Lkxi wbKU †_‡K nv`x‡mi BhvRZ jvf K‡ib| ZrKvjxb Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi
D¾¡j bÿÎ LvRv evKx wejøvn bKke›`x (in.) Gi ZË¡veav‡b wZwb AvZ¥ïw× Z_v Bjwg ZvmvID‡di D”PZi
gvKvg AR©b K‡ib Ges Zvi wLjvdZ jvf K‡ib| AZtci wZwb m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii `x‡b Bjvnxi weiæ‡×
KziAvb mybœvi Av‡jv‡K mgvR ms¯‥v‡ii GK weivU Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb wZwb| KziAvb I nv`x‡mi
wkÿvi Dci wZwb mwe‡kl ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi cÖ‡Póvi d‡j Bmjvgx Ávb PP©vi †ÿ‡Î GK bZzb
avivi m~Pbv nq| wZwb wb‡R Ônv`x‡m AvievCbÕ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡i wQ‡jb| Zuvi GB ms¯‥vi
Kvh©µ‡gi avivq A‡bK eo eo gynvwÏm •Zix nq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨‡ì ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒc-
1. kvqL mvC` Beb kvqL Avng` mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1070wn.] whwb LvwRbyi ingZ bv‡g cwiwPZ
wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi wcZv I kvqL Avãyi ingvb iƒwgi wbKU nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci Zvi
wcZvi LvbKvq nv`xm-Zvdmxi wkÿv w`‡Zb| wZwb †gkKvZ kix‡di GKwU fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb|
2. kvqL gvÔmyg Beb kvqL Avng` mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1080wn.]; whwb gyRvwÏ` Avjwd mvbxi 2q cyÎ|
wZwb cÖ_‡g Zvi wcZvi wbKU Ges cieZx©‡Z nvivgvB‡b Ae¯’vb Kv‡j Z_vKvi hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏmM‡Yi
wbKU nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡i †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb|
3. LvRv mvBdzÏxb mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1098 wn.]
4. kvqL diiæL kvn Beb kvqL mvC` mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1112 wn.] Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, wZwb mb`mn mËyi
nvRvi nv`xm gyL¯’ Rvb‡Zb|
5. kvqL gynv¤§` AvÔhg Beb mvBdzÏxb gvÕmygx (in.) [g„.1114 wn.] wZwbI eyLvix kix‡di GKwU
e¨vL¨vMÖš’ •Zix K‡i wQ‡jb|
6. kvn Avey mvC` Beb mdxDj Kì gyRv‡Ï`x (in.) [g„.1205wn.] wZwb LvRv mvBdzÏx‡bi †c․Î wQ‡jb
Ges kvn Avãyj MYx gyRv‡Ï`xi wcZv wQ‡jb|
72 gydwZ gynv¤§` Avgxgyj Bnmvb, ‡jvKgvb Avgxgx Ab~w`Z, Zvix‡L Bj‡g nv`xm (nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm), XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k, †g-2000 wLª., c„. 100
75
7. kvqL wmivR Avng` Beb diiæL kvn (in.) [g„.1230wn.] wZwb eyLvix kix‡di GKwU e¨vL¨vMÖš’ iPbv
K‡iwQ‡jb|
8. kvn Avãyj MYx Beb mvC` gyRv‡Ï`x (in.) [g„. 1296 wn.]
9. kvqL gynv¤§` AvdRvj wkqvj‡KvUx (in.) wnRv‡h mdi K‡i mv‡jg Beb Avãyjvn Avj-emix Avj-
gv°x †_‡K nv`xm wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib Ges †`‡k wd‡i G‡m w`jøx‡Z nv`x‡mi wkÿv`vb Kv‡h© AvRxeb
wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb|
10. kvqL kdx Djøvn Lvqivev`x (in.) [g„.1157wn.] wZwb wnRv‡h MgY K‡i kvqL Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` Beb
Beªvnxg Kzi`x Avj-gv`vbxi Kv‡Q Bjwg nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| wnRvh †_‡K wd‡i G‡m Lvqivev‡`
nv`xm wkÿv`v‡bi Kv‡R AvRxeb wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|
11. kvqL dv‡Li Beb BqvnBqv Gjvnev`x (in.) kvqL gynv¤§` nvqvZ wmÜx †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY K‡ib Ges
Bjwg nv`x‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|
12. kvqL LvqiæÏxb ïivwU (in.) kvqL gynv¤§` nvqvZ wmÜx †_‡K nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib Ges ïiv‡U `xN©
50 eQi hver nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`v‡b iZ _v‡Kb| eû QvÎ Zuvi KvQ †_‡K nv`x‡mi ÁvbvR©b K‡ib|73
2. kvqL Avãyj nK w`njvfx (in.) I Zvui wklë„›`

kvqL Avãyj nK w`njvfx (in.) [ g„.1052 wn.] wQ‡jb Ggb GK AmvaviY e¨w³Z¡; hvi gva¨‡g fviZe‡l©
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i beRvMi‡Yi m~Pbv nq| wZwb 1544 mv‡j w`wjøi GK m¤£všÍ mydx gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zvi wcZv I ¯’vbxq Avwjg‡ì Kv‡Q wkÿv AR©‡bi ci 1586 mv‡j wZwb wnRvh Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq
wZwb kvqL Avjx ZKx Ges Zuvi Ljxdv Avãyj Iqvnve gyËvKxi wbKU †_‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Ávb AR©b K‡ib
Ges wmnvn wmËvn cvV `v‡bi BRvhZ cÖvß nb| ¯^‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wZwb `xN© 50 eQi hver ¯^xq
evmfe‡b nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv`v‡bi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| Zuvi iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’vejx: K.
AvwkqvZzj jyg&ÔAvZ-wgkKvZ kix‡di dvmx© fvl¨; L. AvZ&-ZixKyj Kvfxg dx kiwn wmivwZj gy¯ÍvKxg; M.
Avj-BKgvj dx Avmgvwqi wiRvj; N. gv-mvevZv wemmybvœ n dx AvBq¨vwgm mvbvn; O. nv`v‡qKzj nvbvwdq¨vn
BZ¨vw`| Zuvi f³e„›` I eskavivq RMwØL¨vZ cÖw_Zhkv ¯^bvgab¨ †M․i‡ev¾¡j Avwjg-Djvgv I
nv`xmwekvi` m„wó nq| Zv‡ì gv‡S D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-
1. kvqL b~iæj nK Beb Avãyj nK w`njvfx (in.) [g„.1073wn.] wZwb Zuvi wcZvi wbKU †_‡KB
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Ávb AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ K. ZvBmxiæj Kvix dx ki‡n mnxwnj eyLvix; L.
kiû kvgvwqwjb bex D‡jøL‡hvM¨; 2. LvRv nvq`vi cUjy (in.) [g„.1057wn.]; 3. KvRx gyCbyÏxb (in.) [g„.
1085wn.]; 4. evev `vD` †gkKvZx Kvwk¥ix (in.) [g„.1098wn.]; 5. gxi mvBwq¨` gyeviK †ejMÖvgx (in.)
[g„.1115wn.]; 6. gxi Avãyj Rjxj †ejMÖvgx (in.) [g„.1138wn.]; 7. nvwdR Avãym mvgv` dLiæÏxb Beb
gywneyjøvn (in.) [g„.1150wn.] wZwb kvqL b~iæj nK (in.) Gi †c․Î wQ‡jb| 8. kvqLyj Bmjvg Beb nvwdR
dLiæÏxb (in.) [g„.1180wn.]; 9. kvqL Gbv‡qZzjøvn gkvj Kvk¥xix (in.) [g„.1185wn.]; 10. gxi †Mvjvg
Avjx Avhv` †ejMÖvgx (in.) [g„.1200wn.]; 11. mvjvgyjøvn wmivR Avng` mviwn›`x (in.) [g„.1229wn.]
G Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi †mvbvjx hy‡Mi L¨vwZgvb AviI KwZcq gynvwÏm-
1. kvqL gynv¤§` wmÏxK Beb kixd (in.) [g„.1040wn.]; 2. kvqL ûmvBb Avj ûmvBbex (in.) [g„.1044
wn.]; 3. kvqL Avgxb DÏxb Beb gvng~` •Rbcyix [g„.1072wn.]; 4. mvBwq¨` RvÔdi e`‡i Avjg (in.) [g„.
1085wn.]; 5. kvqL BqvKze evbœvbx jv‡nvix (in.) [g„.1098 wn.]; 6. Aveyj gvR` gvneye Avjg Beb e`‡i
Avjg (in.) [g„.1111wn.], 7. kvqL bvCg Beb gynv¤§` •Rbcyix (in.) [g„.1120wn.]; 8. kvqL gynv:
73 we.`ª.: gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 151-153
76
AvKivg Beb Avãyi ingvb wmÜx (in.) [g„.1130wn.]; 9. kvqL b~iæÏxb Beb mv‡jn Avng`vev`x (in.)
[g„.1155 wn.]; 10. BqvnBqv Beb Avgxb AveŸvmx Gjvnvev`x (in.) [g„.1180wn.]; 11. wgiRv Rvb-Rj›ìx
(in.) [g„. 1180 wn.]; 12. wgiRv gynv¤§` Beb iæ¯Íg e`Lkx (in.) [g„.1195wn.] cÖgyL|
3. kvn Iqvjx Djøvn w`njvfx (in.) I Zvui wklë„›`

kvn Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njvfx (in.) 1703 mv‡j fvi‡Zi gyRvddi bM‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui g~j
bvg Avngv`| Dcbvg Aveyj d‡qR| Dcvwa AvhxgyÏxb| wZwb kvn Iqvjx Djøvn bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡ib|
kvn Avng` Beb Avãyi inxg whwb kvn Iqvjx Djøvn (g„. 1176 wn.) bv‡g L¨vZ wQ‡jb| cvuP eQi eq‡m
wZwb g³‡e fwZ© nb| mvZ eQi eq‡m KziAvb gRx` wndR mgvß K‡ib| wZwb cÖ_‡g wbR wcZvi wbKU
Bjwg nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| †P․Ï eQi eq‡m ¯^xq wcZvi nv‡Z evqvZ MÖnY Ges ïf cwiYq m¤úbœ K‡ib|
c‡bi eQi eq‡mi g‡a¨B wZwb Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn, Dm~wj wdKn, ZK©kv¯¿, Kvjvg, wPwKrmv weÁvb,
R¨vwgwZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q c~Y© Ávb AR©b K‡ib| wcZvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci wZwb gvìvmvq inxwgqv‡Z Aa¨vcbvq
wbhy³ nb| `xN© 12 eQi wkÿKZvi ci cÖvq 30 eQi eq‡m wnRv‡hi D‡Ï‡k¨ mdi K‡ib| Z_vq (1143-
1145 wn.) `yB eQi Ae¯’vb K‡i g°vi Iqvd`yjøvn Avj-gv‡jKx I kvqL ZvRyÏxb KvjvC gv‡jKx (in.)
Gi wbKU †_‡K nv`x‡mi Bjg AR©b K‡ib Ges g`xbvq kvqL Avey Zvwni gynv¤§` Beb Beªvnxg Kyi`x
(in.) Gi KvQ †_‡K nv`x‡mi Bjg I BRvhZ jvf K‡ib| ¯^‡`‡k wd‡i G‡m wZwb w`jøx‡Z nv`xmkv¯¿
wkÿv `v‡b iZ nb| 74 Zvi iwPZ `yB kZvwaK MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ nv`xm wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbvejx- K.
û¾vZzjøvwnj evwjMvn, L. ZvivwRgyj eyLvix, M. kiû ZvivwR‡g AveIqvwej eyLvix, N. Avj-gymvIqv kin
gyqvËv, O. Avj-gymvddv kin gyAvËv (dvmx© fvlvq iwPZ), P. Avmviæj gynv‡Ïmxb, Q. IqvmxKvZzj
AvLBqvi BZ¨vw`| e¯‘Z kvn Iqvjx Djøvn (in.) Gi gva¨‡g fviZ e‡l© nv`xmkv‡¯¿i behy‡Mi m~Pbv nq|
eZ©gvb fviZe‡l© Ggb †Kvb gynvwÏm cvIqv hv‡e bv, hvi mb` †Kvb bv †Kvb fv‡e kvn Iqvjx Djøvn ch©šÍ
†c․u‡Qwb| GB avivi gva¨‡g nv`xmkv¯¿ mgMÖ fviZe‡l© Qwo‡q c‡o Ges eû L¨vwZgvb gynvwÏm Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| kvn Iqvjx Djøvni wPšÍv avivi Dci wfwË K‡iB cieZx© Kv‡j fviZ e‡l© Bmjvgx K…wó-KvjPvi
a¨vb-aviYv I wPšÍv-‡PZbv M‡o D‡V| G Kv‡djvi m~h©-mšÍv‡bivB Bjwg nv`x‡mi SvÐv fviZ e‡l©i cÖZ¨šÍ
AÂv‡j DÇxb K‡ib| kvn Iqvjx Djøvn (in.) Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎe„›` n‡jb-
1. mvbv Djøvn cvwbc_x (in.) [g„. 1225 wn.]| nv`x‡m AMva cvwÐ‡Zï Kvi‡Y kvn Avãyj Avhxh Zv‡K
Ôhy‡Mi evqnvKxÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| Avj-jyeve bv‡g Zuvi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’ i‡q‡Q| 2. kvn
Avãyj Avhxh Beb kvn Iqvjx Djøvn (in.) [g„. 1239 wn.]; 3. gvIjvbv Av‡kK dzjZx (in.); 4. dKxn b~i
gynv¤§` eyinvbfx (in.) 5. gvIjvbv idxDÏxb gyiv`vev`x (in.) [g„. 1218 wn.]; 6. gvIjvbv LvqiæÏxb
myq~Zx (in.) [g„. 1206 wn.]; 7. gvIjvbv •mq` gyZ©vRv †ejMÖvgx (in.) [g„. 1205 wn.]; 8. gvIjvbv gvL`~g
kvn-jvL‡bvfx (in.) cÖgyL|
4. kvn Avãyj Avhxh (in.) [1746-1824 wLª.]
wmivRyj wn›` kvn Avãyj Avhxh (in.) kvn Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njvex (in.) Gi my‡hvM¨ cyÎ| wZwb 25
igRvb 1157 wn. †gvZv‡eK 11 A‡±vei 1746 wLªóv‡ã Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| evj¨Kv‡jB KziAvb gvRx` wndR
m¤úbœ K‡ib| 11 eQi eq‡m wZwb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv ïiæ K‡ib| 16 eQi eq‡m wZwb
Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn, Dm~wj wdKn, gvwšÍK, Kvjvg, wPwKrmv weÁvb, R¨vwgwZ, MwYZ, BwZnvm, f~‡Mvj
BZ¨vw` wel‡q eyrcwË AR©b K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi wcZvi wbKU †_‡K Bjwg nv`x‡mi wkÿv AR©b K‡ib| Zvui
wcZvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci 16 eQi eq‡m wZwb gvìvmvq inxwgqvq wcZvi ¯’jvwfwl³ Aa¨vcK wbhy³ nb| wZwb
cÖvq Avwk eQi RxweZ wQ‡jb| AvRxeb wZwb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zuvi
74 gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, Avgiv hv‡ì DËim~ix, XvKv: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx,2009 wLª., c„.13-15
77
nv`xm welqK iPbvejxi g‡a¨: K. DRvjvZzb bv‡dÔAvn (Dm~‡j nv`xm msµvšÍ), L. ey¯Ívbyj gynv‡Ïmxb, M.
Zzndv‡q Bmbv Avkvwiq¨vn, N. Avj-gIhyÔAvZ, O. gymvIqvi ZvÔjxK BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨ |75 Zvi eû wkl¨
wQj hviv fviZ e‡l©i wewfbœ ¯’v‡b nv`x‡mi ìm`v‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zv‡ì gv‡S hviv hyM‡kÖô
wQ‡jb Zviv n‡jb- 1. gvIjvbv kvn iwdDÏxb (in.) [g„.1249wn.] kvnIqvjx Djøvni wØZxq cyÎ| 2. gvIjvbv
kvn Avãyj Kv‡ì (in.) kvnIqvjx Djøvni Z…Zxq cyÎ; 3. gvIjvbv kvn Avãyj MYx w`njvfx (in.)
[g„.1296wn.] kvn Iqvjx Djøvni Kwbô cyÎ| 4. gvIjvbv kvn BmgvCj knx` (in.) [g„.1246wn.]; 5.
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvB w`njvfx (in.) [g„.1246 wn.]; wZwb Avhxh (in.) Gi RvgvZv wQ‡jb| 6. gvIjvbv •mq`
AvIjv` Kv‡b․Rx (in.) [g„.1257wn.]; 7. gvIjvbv mìæÏxb Kvk¥xix (in.) [g„.1258wn.]; 8. gvIjvbv
dqhyjøvn w`njvfx (in.) [g„.1258wn.]; 9. gvIjvbv †Lviivg Avjx evjûix (in.) [g„.1271wn.]; 10. gvIjvbv
ûmvBb Avng` gvwjnvev`x (in.) [g„.1275wn.]; 11. gvIjvbv nvmvb Avjx jvL‡bvfx (in.) ; 12. gvIjvbv
Avãyj nvjxg jvL‡bvfx (in.); 13. gvIjvbv Avdhvj dviæKx (in.); whwb kvn Avãyyj Avhx‡hi (in.)
RvgvZv| G mgq kvn Avãyj Avhx‡hi Ab¨Zg wkl¨ gvIjvbv †ejvqvZ Avjx cvUbvq GKwU nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª
M‡o Zz‡j wQ‡jb| cvUbvi G †K›`ªwU GK mgq h‡_ó cÖwmw× AR©b K‡i| •mq` bhxi ûmvBb I bIqve
wmwÏK nvmvb Lvb †m †K‡›`ªi Ab¨Zg K…wZ mšÍvb| Zuv‡ì gva¨‡g G avivwUi e¨vcK cÖmvi I we¯Ívi N‡U|
3.7 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK aviv

1. KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv (1780 wLª.): 1780 mv‡j eojvU m¨vi Iqv‡ib †nwósm †`‡ki
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K gymjgvb‡ì `vex we‡ePbv K‡i KwjKvZv kn‡ii •eVKLvbv †iv‡W ìm-B-wbhvwgqvi 76
cvV¨m~Px Abyhvqx GKwU gvìvmvi †MvovcËb K‡ib| GwUB cieZx©Kv‡ji ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Avwjqv gvìvmvi wfwË
iPbv K‡i| 1791 mvj ch©šÍ GB avivq ì‡m wbhvwgqvi cvV¨m~Px Pvjy _v‡K| 1907 mv‡j G gvìvmvq
Kvwgj nv`xm wefvM Pvjy Kiv nq| G gvìvmvi avivevwnKZvq †h mKj gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ n‡q
Avm‡Q †m¸wjB cieZx©‡Z Avwjqv gvìvmv bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
2. `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` (1866 wLª.): kvn Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njvfxi (i) wecøex wPšÍvaviv‡K
D¾xweZ ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b, civaxbZvi k„•Lj †_‡K gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ 1866 mv‡ji 30 †g eyaevi mvËv
gmwR‡ì eviv›`vq Wvwjg Mv‡Qi Qvqvq RMr weL¨vZ Bmjvgx wkÿv †K›`ª `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` cÖwZwôZ
nq| G gvìvmvwUi mybvg-myL¨vwZ cieZ©x‡Z †MvUv we‡k^ Qwo‡q c‡o|77 G gvìvmvi Av`wk©K †PZbv jvjb
K‡i †h mKj Øxwb cÖwZôvb cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K †Ìe›`x gvìvmv ev KIgx gvìmv bv‡gI AvL¨v
†`qv nq| evsjv‡`‡kI G avivi wkÿveë¯’vi e¨vcK cÖmvi jvf K‡i; hv KIgx gvìvmv wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
3. gvRvwni Dj~g mvnivbcyi (1866 wLª.): wnRix 1283 mv‡b †Ìe›` gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi cÖvq
KvQvKvwQ mg‡q kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gvhnvi bvbyZzexi bvgvbymv‡i Ôgvhvwniæj Dj~gÕ bv‡g fvi‡Zi
mvnvivbcy‡i Ab¨Zg cÖwm× Øxwb wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi AMÖhvÎv ïiæ nq| g~jZ D³ gvìvmvwU 1282wn.
/1866wLª. †g․jfx mv`vZ Avjx cÖwZwôZ Kivi K‡qK gvm c‡i †mLv‡b gvIjvbv gvhnvi bvbZzex kvqLyj
nv`xm I cÖavb wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb Ges Zuvi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg, †gav I †hvM¨Zvq Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B
gvhvwniæj Dj~g gvìvmvi mybvg PZzw`©‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| cieZx©Kv‡j †Ìe‡›ì `viæj Dj~g gvìvmv
Dcgnv‡`‡ki †kÖô Øxwb we`¨vcxV we‡ewPZ n‡jI mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhvwniæj Dj~g gvìvmvwUI Gi ¯^KxqZvq
cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| ejv n‡Zv, Bj‡g Øx‡bi eywbqv`x wkÿvq mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhvwniæj Dj~g gvìvmvi ¯’vb
75 cÖv¸³, c„.20
76 ì‡m wbhvwgqv: jL‡b․i †gvjøv KzZze DÏxb knx` (g„.1691wLª.) G Dcgnv‡`‡ki ì‡m wbhvwgqvi cÖeZ©K| Z‡e Zuvi cyÎ †gvjøv
wbhvgywÏ‡bi (g„.1748wLª.) mgq G wkÿv eë¯’v AwaKZi AMÖMwZ I e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i, G Kvi‡YB Zvi bvgvbymv‡i Zv ì‡m
wbhvwgqv bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
77 gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK Bmjvgvev`x, ÔKIgx gvìvmvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ I Ae`vbÕ, •`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv: 28 A‡±vei, 2016 wLª.
78
†Ìe›` gvìvmvi †P‡q DuPz¯’v‡b| G Kvi‡Y nhiZ gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi wbKU wkÿv_x©
Bjwg Øxb wkÿv jv‡fi civgk© PvB‡j wZwb ej‡Zb Òeywbqv`x ZvÕjxg mvnvivbcy‡i fvj Avi Ô`vIivÕ
Aa¨q‡b †Ìe›` DËgÓ| my‡hvM¨ Avwj‡g-Øxb •Zixi †ÿÎ wn‡m‡e mvnvivbcy‡ii gvRvwni Dj~g gvìvmvi
Ae`vb wbtm‡›`‡n Abm¦xKvh©|78
3.8 evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg: nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk aviv

evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg gymwjg Aay¨wlZ AÂj; Bmjv‡gi GK De©i f‚wg| G De©iZvq Cwl©Z n‡q‡Qb eû
HwZnvwmK I M‡elK| 1871 mv‡ji Av`gïgvwii wi‡cvU© cÖKvwkZ n‡j me©gn‡j •n‣P c‡o hvq| †Kb
evsjvi e-Øxc AÂ‡j G‡Zv gymwjg? G cÖ‡kœi Reve LyuR‡Z wM‡q eû M‡elK wewfbœ gZev‡ì 79 Rb¥
w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e hZ gZev‡ìB Rb¥ ‡nvK bv †Kb, G K_v BwZnvmwe`M‡Yi wbKU cÖgvwYZ mZ¨ †h, G
AÂ‡j Bmjvg kw³ ev ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g cÖwZôv jvf K‡iwb; eis Bmjvg cÖPviKMY Z_v Avwjg-
Ijvgv, gynvwÏm-gyevwjøM, mydx-mvaK, cxi-AvDwjqvi cÖvYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Ges Zvu‡ì AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡, gnË¡
I D`viZv Øviv fvM¨weow¤^Z, AwaKvi ewÂZ, wbcxwoZ I wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li ü`q Rq Kivi gva¨‡gB
gymwjg msL¨v MwiôZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb KLb, Kxfv‡e n‡qwQj, ZvB GLb
AbymÜv‡bi welq|
3.8.1 evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb

evsjv‡`‡k KLb, Kxfv‡e Bmjv‡gi AvMgb N‡U; †m m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤œ AbymÜvbx `„wó ‡d‡j Z_¨vw` we‡kølY
Kiv n‡jv-
K. e½ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki DrcwË
evsjv‡`k GKwU cÖvPxb Rbc`| BwZnv‡mi my`xN© c_cwiµgv AwZµg K‡i `wÿY Gkxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
DËi-c~‡e©i †h AÂ‡j 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxb I mve©‡f․g evsj‡`k iv‡óªi Af‚¨`q nq, AwZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡K
Zv GKwU we‡kl •ewkó¨ gwÐZ †f․‡MvwjK AÂj e‡j cwiwPZ wQj|80 Bmjv‡gi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki m¤úK©
mycÖvPxb| AvR †_‡K cÖvq mv‡o mvZ nvRvi eQi Av‡M nhiZ b~n (Av.) Gi mg‡q msNwUZ gnvcøve‡bi 81
ci Zvui [b~‡ni (Av.) cyÎ ÔnvgÕ,Zuvi cyÎ Ôwn›`Õ,Zvi cyÎ ÔeOÕ] cÖ‡c․Î ÔeOÕ eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k AÂ‡j emwZ
¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb ZvInx‡` wek¦vmx LvuwU gymwjg wQ‡jb| Zvi eska‡ii gva¨‡g †h RbemZx M‡o I‡V Zv
e½ Rb‡Mvôx bv‡g AwfwnZ| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b D³ e½ †_‡K e½‡`k bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq|82 Aveyj dRj
Zvi ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÕ MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡ib, Ôe½Õ bvgwU AwZ cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡KB Pvjy wQj| Ôe½Õ k‡ãi m‡½
78 W. Av.B.g. †bQvi DwÏb, Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖmvi I Dbœqb: †cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`k, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2005wLª., c„. 87
79 (K.) Zievwii gva¨‡g ev †Rvic~e©K Bmjv‡g agv©šÍKi‡Yi ZË¡; G ZË¡wUi AmviZv ev mxgve×Zv M‡elK‡ì Kv‡Q cÖgvYxZ| (L.)
ivR‣bwZK c„ô‡cvlKZv cÖ`v‡bi gva‡g¨ gymjgvb‡ì msL¨v e„w×i ZË¡; Gi gva¨‡g gymwjg msL¨v mivmwi e„w× cvqwb; eis mnvqK
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q gvÎ| hw` G ZË¡wU mwVK nZ Z‡e fviZ gymwjg kw³i †K›`ª¯’j w`wjø-AvMÖvq ev M½v-hgybv †`vqve AÂ‡j gymwjg
msL¨vMwiôZv _vKvi K_v wQj; wKš‘ Zv ev¯Í‡e N‡Uwb| (mv.) mvgvwRK gyw³i j‡ÿ¨ wecyj msL¨K wbM„nxZ gvby‡li Bmjv‡g
ag©všÍKi‡Yi ZË¡| G ZË¡wU m‡Zï KvQvKwQ| KviY Avh© a‡g©i eY©cÖ_v I mvgšÍ kvmK‡ì wbg©g wbh©vZb Ges mvaviY gvby‡li
gyw³`v‡b e¨_©Zvi d‡j evsjvq gymjgvb msL¨v e„w×i cÖavb KviY e‡j M‡elK‡ì aviYv| (W.Avãyj gwgb †P․ayix, cÖPxb evsjvi
BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ, XvKv : gvIjv eªv`vm©, gvP©-2002, c„.143-44)
80 m¤úv.cwil`, evsjv‡`‡ki DrcwË I weKvk, W. Gg G AvwRR I W.Avng` Avwbmyi ingvb, ÔcÖvPxb evsjv‡`kÕ, (cÖeÜ) XvKv : Bdvev,
1993wLª.,c„.1
81 KziAvb gvRx‡` (7:64, 10:73, 11:36-48) nhiZ byn (Av.) Gi cøve‡bi BwZnvm mswÿßfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G gnvcøveb KLb
n‡qwQj Zvi mwVK mgq m¤ú‡K© gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| †KD e‡jb, wLª÷c~e© 3200 †_‡K wLª÷c~e© 2300, Kv‡iv g‡Z, AvR †_‡K cvuP
nvRvi eQi Av‡M G cøveb N‡UwQj| Z‡e, wLª÷c~e© 3102 wKsev wLª÷c~e© 3100 A‡ã c„w_exi A‡bK ¯’v‡bB GK gnvcøveb msNwUZ
n‡qwQj| [gbmyi g~mv (m¤úv.), evOjv‡`k, Gg.AvB †P․ayix, XvKv: bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, 1974 wLª., c„.46 ]
82 †Mvjvg †nvmvqb mwjg, wiqv`ym mvjvZxb, (e½vbyev`: evsjvi BwZnvm,AvKei DÏxb Ab~w`Z), XvKv : 1974 wLª., c„. 16 I 38;
evsjv‡`‡ki DrcwË I weKvk, cÖv¸³, c„. 02 I 10
79
Avj ev wPý hy³ n‡q e½vj ev evOvMvj n‡q‡Q|83 evsjv fvlvq ÔAvjÕ k‡ãi A_© evua| G †`‡ki †jv‡Kiv
Pvlx Rwg‡Z DuPz DuPz Avj †e‡a eb¨vi cøveb †_‡K Rwgi dmj iÿv Ki‡Zv| Kv‡ji weeZ©‡b Avj kãwU
†`‡ki bv‡gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q hvq|84 cÖvPxb Kv‡j evsjvi †bZ…e„›` cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡k wbPz Rwg‡Z `k nvZ
DuPz I wek nvZ PIov ¯‘c •Zwi K‡i Zvi Dci evox wbgv©Y I Pvlvev` Ki‡Zb| †jv‡Kiv G¸‡jv‡K ej‡Zv
ev½vj| †m Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK AbyK‚j cwi‡e‡ki jxjvf‚wgi Kvi‡YB evsjv bvgKi‡Yi ¯^v_©KZv wbY©q Kiv
hvq|85 Gfv‡e e½ †_‡K ev½vj; AZtci Kv‡ji †¯ªv‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡q ev½vjv ev evsjv iƒc aviY K‡i|
hvi `„óvšÍ gyMj HwZnvwmK Aveyj dR‡ji iPbvq D×…Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi ÔAvBb-B-AvKeixÕ MÖ‡š’
evsjv‡`‡ki PÆMÖvg †_‡K †ZwjqvMwo ch©šÍ PvikZ gvBj AÂj‡K myev-B-evsjv e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|86
GiB avivevwnKZvq 1947 wLª. weªwUk Jc‡b‡ewkK kvmbvg‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k wef³ n‡q cvwK¯Ívb
bv‡g †h †`kwU m„wó n‡q‡Q, Zvi c~e©vÂjxq cÖ‡`k c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †kvlY, •elg¨ I wbcxo‡bi weiæ‡× `xN© 9
gvm i³ÿqx mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi ga¨w`‡q 1971 wLª. 16 wW‡m¤î cvK nvbv`vi evwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y Kivi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`k bv‡g GKwU ¯^vaxb-mve©‡f․g †`k wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k 1,47,570
eM© wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZb wewkó, (200-34©) †_‡K (260-38©) DËi Aÿvsk Ges (880-1©) †_‡K (920-41)©
c~e© `ªvwNgvq Aew¯’Z `wÿY c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU †`k|87‡`kwUi DË‡i cwðg e‡½i KzPwenvi I RjcvB¸wo
†Rjv, †gNvjq ivR¨, Mv‡iv I Lvwmqv-RqwšÍqv cvn‡oi cv`f~wg (fviZ), c~‡e© Avmvg, wÎcyiv I wg‡Rvivg
ivR¨ (fviZ), `wÿY-c~‡e© gvqvbgvi (evgv©), cwð‡g cwðg e½ I wenvi ivR¨ (fviZ) Ges `wÿ‡Y e‡½vc
mvM‡ii wekvj Rjivwk we`¨gvb|88
L. evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve

me©cÖ_g KLb, Kxfv‡e, Kv‡ì gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Av‡jvK iwk¥ we”QzwiZ nq Zv my¯úófv‡e ejv
gykwKj| Z‡e GUv A‡bKUv wbwðZ †h, gnvbex (mv.) Gi beyIqv‡Zi cÂg eQi Z_v 615 wLª. nvekvq
(Bw_Iwcqvq) wnRi‡Zi c~‡e© ewnwe©‡k¦ Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e †c․uQvqwb| GLv‡b cÖkœ †_‡K hvq,
fviZ Dcgnv‡`k Z_v e½ AÂ‡j Bmjvg cÖPviKvix Hme Avie gymwjgMY wK mvnvex wQ‡jb, bv ZvweDb
wQ‡jb? mvnvex n‡q _vK‡j Zvuiv wK gnvbexi (mv.) RxeÏkvq GLv‡b G‡mwQ‡jb bvwK Zvui BwšÍKv‡ji c‡i?
hw` Zvuiv Zvui RxeÏkvq G‡m _v‡Kb Z‡e wK Zvuiv wnRi‡Zi c~‡e© G‡mwQ‡jb bvwK wnRi‡Zi c‡i ? Gme
cÖ‡kœi mwVK mgvavb Kiv GLb ch©šÍ Lye `yiƒn e¨vcviB e‡U| KviY Gme AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi AvMgb I cÖmvi
m¤úwK©Z BwZnv‡mi G Aa¨vqwU cÖvgvY¨ `wjj I HwZnvwmK weei‡Yi Afv‡e AÜKv‡iB i‡q †M‡Q|89
BwZnvm AbymÜv‡b Rvbv hvq †h, Bmjvgc~e© hyM †_‡KB Avie ewYK‡ì evwYwR¨K md‡i fviZ gnvmvM‡ii
ZxieZx© e›ì¸‡jv‡Z hvZvqvZ wQj| G m¤ú‡K© mvB‡q` myjvBgvb b`fx (in.) iwPZ ÔAvi‡evu‡K
RvnvRivYxÕ MÖ‡š’ D×…Z n‡q‡Q †h, wgmi †_‡K my`~i Pxb ch©šÍ cÖjw¤^Z `xN© mgy`ªc‡_ Avie ewYKMY
hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| gvjvevi DcK~‡ji c_ a‡i Zvuiv Px‡b hvÎvc‡_ e‡½vcmvM‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zb|90 gynvwÏm
Bgvg Ave`vb gviIqvhxi m~‡Î gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb (in.) D‡jøL K‡ib †h, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mvnvex
83 W. Av.B.g †bQvi DwÏb, Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖmvi I Dbœqb: †cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`k, XvKv : Bdvev, 2005wLª., c„. 63; †gvt kixd †nvmvBb
f‚Bqv, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki RvwZmËvi mÜv‡bÕ, †jvKcÖkvmb mvgwqKx, XvKv : mvfvi, Ryb 1997wLª., c„.2
84 Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1982wLª., L.1, c„.17
85 †Mvjvg †nvmvqb mwjg Ab~w`Z, wiqv`ym mvjvZxb, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1978 wLª., c„.50-51
86 Avãyj Kwig, evsjvi BwZnvm myjZvbx Avgj, XvKv : RvZxq Mªš’ cÖKvkbx, 1999 wLª.,c„.70
87 wmivRyj Bmjvg m¤úvw`Z, evsjvwcwWqv, XvKv : GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU, gvP© 2011 wLª., L.6, c„.377
88 MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, AvBb wePvi I msm` welqK gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ,1999wLª. ; evsjvwcwWqv, cÖv¸³, L.6,
c„.378-381 (we.`ª.)
89 W. G †K Gg b~iæj Avjg, Bmjvgx `vÔIqvni gg©K_v I Bmjvgx wkÿvi Zvrch©, XvKv: evsjv‡`k wek¦we`¨vjq gÄyix Kvwgkb,
2002wLª., c„.129
90 gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k BmjvgÕ, gvwmK g`xbv, XvKv : g`xbv feb, evsjv evRvi, Rvby-1992wLª., c„.41
80
Ave~ Iqv°vm gvwjK Beb Iqvnnve (iv.) beyIqv‡Zi cÂg (615wLª.) e‡l© nvekvq (Bw_Iwcqvq) wnRiZ
K‡ib| beyIqv‡Zi mßg e‡l© (617wLª.) wZwb Kvqm Beb ûhvBdv (iv.), DiIqvn Beb Avmvmv (iv.), Ave~
Kvqm Bebyj nv‡im (iv.) Ges wKQz msL¨K nvekx gymwjgmn RvnvR‡hv‡M Pxbmg~‡`ª cvwo Rgvb|91 Pxbv
gymwjg‡ì MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z AeMZ nIqv hvq †h, Ave~ Iqv°v‡mi (iv.) `j 626 wLª. Px‡b †cu․‡Q
wQ‡jb| Zvuiv nvekv †_‡K hvÎv Kivi ci Ab~¨b bq eQi cw_g‡a¨ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Bmjvg cÖPvi K‡ib| aviYv
Kiv nq †h, G bq eQi mgqmxgvi g‡a¨B Zvuiv fviZ I evsjv‡`kmn `wÿY c~e©Gwkqvi wewfbœ DcK‚jxq
AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi mygnvb evYx cÖPvi K‡ib| 92 G Qvov Av‡iv Rvbv hvq †h, mßg kZvãxi ïiæi w`‡K
gnvbex (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvqB fvi‡Zi cwðg DcK‚‡j gvjvei iv‡R¨ (eZ©gvb †Kivjvq) Bmjvg cÖPvwiZ
nq| kvqL hqbyÏxb Zvui ÔZzndvZzj gyRvwn`xb dx evÕ‡m AvnIqvwjj eviZKvjxbÕ MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h,
gvjvei ivRv †Piægj cviægj ZvInx`x †PZbvq DØy× n‡q Avie Mgb K‡ib Ges gnvbex (mv.) Gi nv‡Z
nvZ w`‡q Bmjvg Keyj K‡ib| G mgq gvjve‡ii eû‡jvK Bmjvg Keyj K‡ib| 93 KjKvZv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
evsjv wek¦‡Kv‡lI G m¤ú‡K© †Kvb mskq cÖKvk Kiv nqwb|94 ivRv †Piægj cviægj I Zvi AbyMvgx
mnhvÎxMY QvovI G Dcgnv‡`k †_‡K Av‡iv wKQz †jvK gnvbex (mv.) Gi wbKU wM‡q Bmjvg MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq| G cÖm‡½ evev iZb Avj-wn›` A_ev iZb web Avãyjøvn Avj-wn›`xi bvg D‡jøL
Kiv hvq|95 DwjøwLZ Z_¨vwì wfwË‡Z ejv hvq †h, gnvbex (mv.) Gi AvMgb evZ©v I Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ
hw` Zvui RxeÏkvq G AÂ‡j bvB †cu․Q‡Zv Z‡e Kxfv‡e gvjve‡ii ivRv †Piægj cviægj, evev iZb Avj-
wn›` A_ev iZb web Avãyjøvn Avj-wn›` Ges Ab¨vbïv Zvui wbKU wM‡q Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡jb? AZGe G
K_v wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq †h, Ôivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi hy‡MB mgy`ª c‡_ AvMZ Avie ewYK‡ì gva¨‡g
Bmjv‡gi evYx †h evsjvq cÖ‡ek K‡i G m¤ú‡K© †Kvb m‡›`n †bB|Õ96
evsjv‡`k Z_v fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k gymwjg ivR‣bwZK kw³i Avwef©ve N‡U Î‡qv`k kZvãxi †Mvovi w`‡K|
Aek¨ Gi A‡bK c~e© †_‡KB eëmv-evwY‡Rï m~Îa‡i Avie‡ì mv‡_ G †`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì †hvMv‡hvM
¯’vwcZ nq| Avieiv wQj HwZn¨MZfv‡e eëmvqx Ges mgy`hª vÎvq Af¨¯’| cÖv‡P¨ eëmv-evwY‡R¨ Zv‡ì
wQj GKK AvwacZ¨| Bmjvg we¯Ív‡ii ci Kvjµ‡g Avie eëmvqxiv evwY‡Rï D‡Ï‡k¨ PÆMÖvg AvMgb
K‡i Ges Zviv µgkt G †`‡ki mv‡_ evwYwR¨K m¤úK© M‡o †Zv‡j|97‎ BwZnvm AbymÜv‡b Rvbv hvq †h,
mßg kZvãx †_‡K PÆMÖv‡gi m¦›Øx‡ci mv‡_ Avie ewYK‡ì eëmvwqK m¤úK© m„wó nq Ges Zv‡ì †KD
†KD m¦›Øx‡c emevm Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| e¯‘Z †gNbvi gyL n‡Z K·evRvi ch©šÍ Avie eëmvqx‡ì hvZvqvZ
wQj e‡j †f․‡MvwjK weei‡Y cÖgvY †g‡j| G ewYK‡ì mv‡_ KwZcq Bmjvg cÖPviK, m~dxmvaK‡ì
AvMgb N‡U; hviv G †`‡ki gvbyl‡ì‡K Bmjvg MÖn‡Y DØy× K‡ib| Avie ewYK‡ì A‡b‡KB eëmvi
dvu‡K duv‡K Rb mgv‡R Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| 98 wLªóxq Aóg kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K
gynv¤§` web Kvwmg KZ©„K wmÜz I gyjZvb weR‡qi gva¨‡g fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k Bmjv‡gi ms¯ú‡k© Avmvi
my‡hvM jvf K‡i| ZLb †_‡K G †`‡k gymjgvb‡ì AvMgb ïiæ nq| Z‡e gynv¤§` web Kvwm‡gi G weRq
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ c~ev©Âjxq †`k †Zv `~‡ii K_v, Dcgnv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡iI cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|99
91 cÖv¸³
92 cÖv¸³, c„. 48
93 Muhammad Nurul Haqe, Arab Relationship with Bangladesh, Dhaka : Dhaka University, 1980, P. 53 [GwU GKwU
AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP.wW Awfm›`f©, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|]
94 Ôcyive„Ë cv‡V Rvbv hvq †h, †Pii iv‡Rï †kl ivRv †Piægj †ciægj B”Qvc~e©K wmsnvmb Z¨vM Kwiqv gymjgvb ag© MÖnY Awfjv‡l g°v
bMix‡Z Mgb K‡ib|Õ (evsjv wek¦‡Kvl, KjKvZv, L. 14, c„. 234)
95 Av.b.g iBQ DÏxb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©veÕ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 27el©, 2q
msL¨v, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î, 1987, c„.168
96 bvwmi †njvj, h‡kvi †Rjvq Bmjvg cÖPvi I cªmvi, h‡kvi : mxgvšÍ cÖKvkbx, 1992wLª., c„. 39
97 †K. Gg. ivBQzÏxb Lvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm cwiµgv, XvKv: Lvb eªv`vm© G¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb, 1986 wLª., c„. 187
98 G. †K. Gg. gnxDwÏb, PÆMÖv‡g Bmjvg, XvKv : Bdvev, 1996 wLª., c„.44
99 Abdul karim, Social History of the Muslim in Bengal, Chitagong: Chitagong Baitus Sharaf Islamic Research
Institute,1985, p.1
81
ZeyI G weRq esjv‡`‡ki mv‡_ Bmjvg cÖPviK‡ì GKwU †gjeÜb m„wó‡Z gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges
cieZx© weR‡qi Øvi Db¥y³ K‡i| †hgb- G AÂ‡j Bmjvg cÖPviK mvnvev I m~wdqv wKiv‡gi PwiÎ gvayh© I
RxebgyLx wkÿv mn‡RB AZ¨vPvwiZ I wbcxwoZ mgvR‡K AvK…ó K‡i Ges Avk¦vm †`q| GgbwK gymwjg
kvmb cÖwZôvi (1204 wLª.) c~e© †_‡KB e‡½ gymwjg‡ì msL¨v jÿŸxqfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Avi Zv‡ì
wb‡R‡ì mšÍvb-mš‘wZi agx©q wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ g³e-gvìvmv ¯’vwcZ nq| 100 hwÌ G †`‡k gymwjg
ivR‣bwZK kw³i Avwe©fve N‡U Î‡qv`k kZvãxi †Mvovi w`‡K| 1205 mv‡j BLwZqvi DwÏb gynv¤§` web
eLwZqvi LRjx e½ weRq KiZ: jL‡b․wZ‡K ivRavbx ¯’vcb K‡i e½‡`‡k (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k I cwðge½)
gymwjg iv‡Rï †Mvov cËb K‡ib|101 HwZnvwmK wgbnvh-B-wmivR e‡jb, jL‡b․wZ‡K ivRavbx cÖwZôvi
ci eLwZqvi LjRx Zvui iv‡Rï cÖ‡Z¨K BKZvq gmwR`, gvìvmv I LvbKv wbgv©Y K‡ib| 102 HwZnvwmK
G weRq evsjvq gymjgvb‡ì ivR‣bwZK weRq e‡U; wKš‘ Gi gva¨‡g gymwjg msL¨v e„w×i †ÿ‡Î †Zgb
cÖfve c‡o wb; eis mnvqK f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q gvÎ| mvaviY RbM‡Yi e¨vcK Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi KviY
cÖm‡½ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h,ÒAvh© a‡g©i eY©cÖ_v I mvgšÍ kvmK‡ì wbg©g wbh©vZb Ges mvaviY gvby‡li
gyw³`v‡b e¨_©Zvi d‡jI Bmjv‡gi Avnevb AvkvZxZ mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| ÿgZvmxb kvmK‡ì we‡ivwaZv
m‡Ë¡I mvaviY gvby‡li mg_©b, ¯^xK…wZ I AvbyK‚‡j¨ Bmjvg G †`‡k mv`‡i M„nxZ nq|Ó 103 d‡j ax‡i ax‡i
evsjv‡`k gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`k wn‡m‡e wek¦ gvbwP‡Î ¯’vb K‡i †bq|
3.8.2 evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: m~Pbv I c×wZ
gnvbex (mv.) Gi Drmv‡n mvnvev wKivg, ZvweCb I ZrcieZ©x Djvgv wKivg ch©vqµ‡g †MvUv we‡k¦i mKj
Rbc‡` nv`xmkv‡¯¿i †R¨vwZ©gq Av‡jv Qwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| G Av‡jv †_‡K ewÂZ nqwb `wÿY c~e© Gwkqvi
ÿz`ª ivóª evsjv‡`kI| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j evsjv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi
AvMgb, nv`xm PP©v-cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii †ÿ‡Î `ywU c×wZ cÖZ¨ÿ Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. gymwjg RxebvPvi I mvs¯‥…wZK Kg©avivi (eënvwiK) gva¨‡g
2. nv`xm kv‡¯¿i ¯^vfvweK PP©v I cVb-cvV‡bi (ZË¡xq) gva¨‡g
1. gymwjg RxebvPvi I mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©avivi (eënvwiK) gva¨g
HwZnvwmK wb`k©bvejxi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb N‡U bexRx (mv.)-Gi RxeÏkvq
cÖ_g wnRix kZ‡KB| Z‡e GB AvMgb kv¯¿xq c×wZ Z_v nv`x‡mi ¯^vfvweK cVb-cvVb c×wZ Abymv‡i
nqwb; eis GB f~L‡Ð nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb N‡U Bmjvgx RxebvPvi ev ms¯‥…wZ PP©vi gva¨‡g| Bmjvgx
RxebvPvi ev ms¯‥…wZi g~j Drm †h‡nZz KziAvb I nv`xm, ZvB gymwjg ms¯‥…wZ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| Avi G K_v mywew`Z †h, †m hy‡Mi gymwjg gbxlxM‡Yi RxebvPvi I Kg©bxwZ wQj bexRxi
nv`x‡mi RxešÍ cÖwZ”Qwe| d‡j Zviv hLb c„w_exi †Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ evwYR¨ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv D‡Ï‡k¨ mdi Ges
emevm K‡i‡Qb, ZLb wb‡Ri Kg©bxwZi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx ms¯‥…wZi †MvovcËb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| bex
(mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq wnRix cÖ_g kZK †_‡KB Avie gymwjg gYxlxMY eëmv-evwYR¨ I Øxb cÖPv‡ii
D‡Ï‡k¨ GB f~L‡Ð AvMgb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mv‡_ Zv‡ì AvPvi-AvPiY, Pjv-‡div, DVv-emv
BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g GK gaygq mvs¯‥…wZK wewbgq N‡U| d‡j GB AÂ‡ji RbMY me©cÖ_g Bmjvgx ms¯‥…wZ
Z_v nv`x‡mi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m| Avi Gi gva¨‡gB G f~-L‡Ð (RbM‡Yi ci¤úiv c×wZ‡Z) nv`x‡mi PP©v I
cÖPv‡ii †cÖÿvcU iwPZ nq| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡k `vCM‡Yi AvMg‡Yi HwZnvwmK Drmvejx ch©v‡jvPbvi avivq
cÖ_g c×wZi cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
100 AvLZviæj Avjg, ÔBwZnv‡mi evsjv : evsjvi BwZnvmÕ, •`wbK BwËdvK, XvKv : BwËdvK feb, gwZwSj, 16 wW‡m¤î, 1989wLª., c„. 7
101 Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœ m¤ú`, XvKv : wkíKjv GKv‡Wwg, 1984 wLª., c„. 9
102 wgbnvR-B- wmivR, ZevKZ-Avj-bvwmix, m¤úv. I Aby. G †K Gg RvKvwiqv, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1983 wLª., c„. 29
103 m¤ú`bv cwil`, evsjv‡`‡ki DrcwË I weKvk, W. Gg G AvwRR I W. Avng` Avwbmyi ingvb, ÔcÖvPxb evsjv‡`kÕ, XvKv : Bdvev,
1993 wLª., L.1, c„.38
82
K. HwZnvwmK MÖš’vejx, `jxj`¯Ív‡eR I ch©UK‡ì weeiY: HwZnvwmK I f~‡Mvjwe`‡ì g‡Z, Bmjvg

AvMg‡bi eû c~e© †_‡KB AvieMY G †`‡k eëmv-evwY‡Rï D‡Ï‡k¨ Avmv-hvIqv Ki‡Zb| aviYv Kiv nq
Dcgnv‡`‡ki eëmvqx‡ì mv‡_ Avie‡ì evwYwR¨K m¤úK© nhiZ BDmyd (Av) Gi Avgj †_‡KB P‡j
Avm‡Q| Zviv wgki †_‡K my`~i Pxb ch©šÍ `xN© †b․c_ a‡i hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| 104 Avie ewYK‡ì RvnvR
fvi‡Zi cwðg DcK~j n‡q Pxb hvevi c‡_ e‡½vcmvMi AwZµg KiZ| G mgq Zviv evsjvi DcK~jeZx©
e›ìbMix¸‡jv‡Z hvÎv weiwZKv‡j Ae¯’vb wb‡Zb| wLªóxq mßg kZ‡K evsjvi DcK~‡j ZgjyK I PÆMÖvg
wQj cÖavb e›ì| †b․c_ evwY‡R¨ Avie ewYKMY gvjvevi, KvwjKU, gv`ªvR, wm‡jU I wmqvg e›ì w`‡qI
e¨vcK hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| Avie f~‡Mvjwe` Avjx Bw`ªm, Avj gvmy`x I BqvKze Beb Avãyjøvn cÖgy‡Li
g‡ZÑPÆMÖvg mgy`ª e›ì, Puv`cyi b`x e›ì, ivgy, K·evRvi, m›Øxc cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b Avie‡ì evwYR¨ ¯’vcbv,
Avbv‡Mvbv I emev‡mi eû cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
 AvieMY cÖ`Ë wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi bvgKiY: evsjv AÂ‡ji A‡bK ¯’v‡bi bvgKiY Avie ewYKMY KZ…©K
mvwaZ nq| GB mKj bvg Kvjµ‡g cwiewZ©Z n‡q eZ©gvb iƒ‡c G‡m‡Q| †hgb: mvev m¤úª`v‡qi
bvgvbymv‡i mvevDi kni ev mvfvi, kvZ-Dj-M½v †_‡K PvUMvI, cÖwm× f~wg evi&wi wn›` †_‡K e‡i›`ª
bv‡gi DrcwËi K_v me©Rb wew`Z|
 Avie BwZnv‡m G AÂ‡ji wewfbœ bv‡gi eY©bv: Beb Lyi`vRwen ÔAvj gvmvwjK Iqvj gvgvwjKÕ MÖ‡š’
D‡jøL¨ K‡ibÑ (Kvgiæc Kvgv°v) †_‡K P›`b KvV Avbv n‡Zv| G QvovI cÖvPxb Avie †jLKMY
wm‡jU‡K mvjvnvZ bv‡g D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì wewfbœ MÖ‡š’ m›Øx‡ci ci RvwhivZzi ivwgP bvgK f~ -
L‡Ði eY©bv cvIqv hvq| GwU eZ©gvb K·evRvi mwbœKUeZx© ivgy GjvKvi AšÍM©Z|
 G‡`‡ki fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Aviexq cÖfve: evsjv fvlv I ms¯‥…wZ‡Z AmsL¨ Aviex kã I ixwZ
mycÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| PÆMÖv‡gi AvÂwjK evsjvq wµqvc‡ì ïiæ‡Z †h bv m~PK k‡ãi eënvi jÿ¨ Kiv
hvq, Zv Aviex fvlvi AbyKiY †_‡KB G‡m‡Q| †mLvbKvi A‡b‡KB GL‡bv eskMZfv‡e Aviexq
esk™¢~Z wnmv‡e wb‡R‡ì `vex K‡ib| PÆMÖv‡gi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv GjvKvi bvg GL‡bv AweKj Aviexq
iƒ‡cB i‡q †M‡Q| †hgb: Avj Kib, myjK eni, evjvwKqv BZ¨vw`|
L. gyevwjøMM‡Yi AvMgb: Avie BwZnvm I f~‡Mvjwe`‡ì eY©bv g‡Z, 618 wLª. bexRxi (mv.) RxeÏkvq
mvnvex Avey Iqv°vm Beb InvBe (iv.) ag©cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ nvemv †_‡K gvjvevi n‡q PÆMÖvg G‡mwQ‡jb|
mv‡_ wQ‡jb mvnvex nhiZ Avey Iqv°vm gvwjK, Zvwgg Avbmvwi, Avey Kv‡qm Beb nvwimv (iv.)| GB `jwU
cieZx©‡Z Px‡b Mgb K‡ib| Px‡bi BwZnvm †_‡K GB Pvi mvnvevi Pxb åg‡Yi Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| G Qvov
bexRxi (mv.) BwšÍKv‡ji ci nhiZ Avãyjøvn Beb DZev, Beb Avgi Zvwggx I mvwnj Beb Avew`mn
AviI `yÔGKRb mvnvex PÆMÖv‡g Av‡mb e‡j Rvbv hvq| Ab¨w`‡K gvjvevi Øxcy‡Äi DcK~jeZx© ZvwgjbvWzi
ivRv †Piægj †ciægj-Gi Bmjvg MÖnY Ges Zvi Avie Mg‡bi cÖwm× BwZnvm, Aóg wnRix‡Z Px‡bi
K¨v›U‡bi ivRv ZvBkvs nhiZ Avey Kvekv (iv.) KZ©„K Bmjvg MÖnY, ¸Riv‡U ìv`‡ii ivRv †ev‡Ri Kv‡Q
nhiZ mvnvev (iv.) Gi AvMgb BwZnvm, wn›` †_‡K iZb Ave`yjøvn Avj-wnw›` (iv.) Gi bexRx (mv.) Gi
wbKU Mgb I Bmjvg MÖnY Ges fviZxq‡ì cÿ n‡Z myMwÜ `ªe¨ mvgMÖx I AvPvi Dcnvi cvIqv Ges
Av‡qkv (iv.) Gi Amy¯’ve¯’vq fviZxq wPwKrmK KZ©„K †ivM AewnZ Kivi BwZnvmmg~n GB AÂ‡ji mv‡_
Avi‡ei †hvMv‡hvM Ges gymwjg gbxlxM‡Yi evsjvq AvMg‡bi cÖgvY enb K‡i|
M. gmwR` I wkjvwjwc: m¤úªwZKKv‡j jvjgwbinvU †Rjvq 69 wnRix‡Z wbwg©Z GKwU cÖvPxb gmwR‡ì
aŸsmve‡kl cvIqv hvq| †mLv‡b D×viK…Z GKwU wkjvwjwc‡Z †`Lv hvqÑ ¯úó Aviex ni‡d †jLvÑ Òjv-
Bjvnv-Bjøvjjvû gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn- wnRix 69 mbÓ| GB wkjvwjwc ¯úófv‡e mvnvev hy‡Mi gyevwjøMM‡Yi
104 wRjnR Avjx, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb gmwR`, XvKv: eyKm GÐ Kw¤úDUvi Kg‡cø·, evsjvevRvi, 1 RyjvB, 2005, c„. 9
83
AvMg‡bi Rvbvb †`q| Px‡bi K¨v›Ub bvgK mgy`Z ª x‡i mvnvex Avey Iqv°vm KZ©…K wbwg©Z GKwU gmwR`
i‡q‡Q, hv †KvqvsUv gmwR` bv‡g cwiwPZ| cv‡kB i‡q‡Q Zuvi Kei| G QvovI dz-Kxb cÖ‡`‡ki wjs bvgK
cvnv‡oi Pzovq Av‡iv `yÕRb mvnvexi gvRvi i‡q‡Q| GB ¯’vcbv¸‡jv mvÿ¨ †`q G mKj mvnvev evsjv‡`‡k
AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| †Kbbv Pxb MgbKv‡j e‡½vcmvM‡ii DcK~j †Nlv e›`‡i hvÎv weiwZ †bIqv wQj
ZrKvjxb mgy`ª åg‡Yi mycÖwm× wbqg|
M. gy`vª : cvnvocyi I ivRkvnx‡Z Lwjdv nviæb Ai iwk‡ì hy‡Mi Ges gqbvgwZ I Kzwgjøvq AveŸvmxq
Avg‡ji gy`vª cvIqv hvq| hv G †`‡k 1g I 2q wnRix kZvãx‡Z mvnvev, Zv‡eC I ZveDZ Zv‡eC KZ…©K
cÖ_g Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii welqwU‡K my¯úófv‡e cÖùzwUZ K‡i Zz‡j| DwjøwLZ HwZnvwmK `wjj I cÖgvYvwì
Drmmg~n ev½vwj mgv‡R Bmjvgx ms¯‥…wZi †MvovcËb Ges Zv Qwo‡q covi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Bw½Z enb K‡i|
AvMZ gymwjg‡ì mv‡_ GB AÂ‡ji gvbyl‡ì •eevwnK m¤úK© ¯’vcb, eëmv-evwY‡Rï wbwg‡Ë ¯’vbxq‡ì
mv‡_ AvPvi-AvPiY, DVv-emv, Pjv †div BZ¨vw` RxebvPv‡ii gva¨‡g mvs¯‥…wZK Dcv`v‡bi wewbgq N‡U|
GKBmv‡_ gymwjg‡ì Bev`vZ-e‡›`Mx I Øxb cÖPv‡ii wewea Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g evsjv AÂ‡j nv`x‡mi
AbycÖ‡ek N‡U| GwU‡K Avg‡j gyZvIqvimvn Z_v Kg©avivi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi AbycÖ‡ek ejv P‡j| Z‡e G
avivwU Kv‡ji Ave‡Z© nv`x‡mi g~j †kÖv‡Zi mv‡_ GKZve× n‡Z cv‡iwb| KviY ZLbI ch©šÍ GLv‡b nv`xm
msiÿY I wkÿvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv weKwkZ n‡q D‡Vwb|105
2. nv`xmkv‡¯¿i ¯^vfvweK PP©v I cVb-cvV‡bi (ZË¡xq) gva¨g
Dcgnv‡`‡k wbqgZvwš¿K nv`xmwkÿvi †cÖÿvcU AbywôZ nq 711 mv‡j gynv¤§` web Kvwm‡gi wm›`y weR‡qi
ga¨ w`‡q| G weR‡qi ga¨ w`‡qB fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k ivR‣bwZKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi AvbyôvwbK AvMgb N‡U|
G myev‡` G AÂ‡j Zv‡eqx gynvwÏmM‡Yi AvMgb NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i| µgvš^‡q †èj, Kzm`vi, Avj-gvbmyiv,
jv‡nvi, mvnvivbcyi nv`xm PP©v †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| ewnwe©k¦ †_‡KI gynvwÏmMY Avm‡Z _v‡Kb| wnRix mßg
kZ‡Ki w`‡K gynvwÏmMY wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Qwo‡q c‡ob|
1204 mv‡j eLwZqvi LjRxi evsjv weR‡qi gva¨‡g evsjv AÂ‡jI ivR‣bwZKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi AvMgb
N‡U| d‡j GLv‡b ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZvq nv`xm wkÿvi †cÖÿvcU •Zwi nq| 1270 †_‡K 1277 mvj ch©šÍ
evsjv myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb eje‡bi kvmbvaxb wQj| G mgq wZwb w`wjø n‡Z kvqL kidzÏxb Avey
ZvIqvgvn‡K (in) evsjvq Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| myjZv‡bi cÖZ¨ÿ mnvqZvq ZrKvjxb evsjvi ivRavbx
†muvbviMv‡q cÖvq 60 weNv Rwg Ry‡o ¯’vwcZ nq evsjvi cÖ_g AvbyôvwbK gvìvmv| GB gvìvmvq QvÎ msL¨v
wQj cÖvq `k nvRvi| kvqL kidzÏxb GLv‡b eyLvix, gymwjg I Avey Bqvjvi wkÿv w`‡Zb| eû `~i `~ivšÍ
†_‡K QvÎiv GLv‡b G‡m nv`x‡mi K¬v‡m hy³ n‡Zb| G cÖwZôv‡bi cieZx© cÖavb wQ‡jb kvqL kidzÏxb
Avng` BqvnBqv Avj-gvwbix (in)| Zvui BwšÍKv‡ji ciI †ek wKQz w`b ch©šÍ GB gvìvmvq wkÿv Kvh©µg
Ae¨vnZ wQj|
1494 n‡Z 1540 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv AÂj mvqv`v‡Zi kvmbvaxb wQj| wZwb Bmjvgx wkÿv I nv`x‡mi PP©vi
Rb¨ †ek wKQz gvìvmv ¯’vcb K‡ib| w`K w`MšÍ n‡Z †mvbviMvuu‡q eû msL¨K nv`xmwekvi` mg‡eZ nb
Ges eû †jvK nv`xm wkÿv K‡i Zv‡Z cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡ib| d‡j nv`xm PP©vi Rb¨ eû gmwR` I
LvbKvI wbwg©Z nq| G mgqB bymiZ kv‡ni I ivRZ¡Kvj| Kv‡RB evsjvi G AÂj ZLb nv`xm PP©vi
cÖvY‡K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| G mgqKvi weL¨vZ gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQ‡jb kvnbyi ev½vjx, ZwK
DwÏb Avivex, AvBbywÏb (in.) cÖgyL|
GKB mg‡q †M․o cvÐzqvq ivRZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb AvjvDwÏb kvn| wZwb evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï DrKl© mva‡bi
cvkvcvwk wbR kvmbvaxb GjvKvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wkÿvi e¨vcK cÖmvi NUvb| wZwb 1503 mv‡j †M․‡oi
105 Mostafa Kamal . in Avj-nv`xm. 4 wW‡m¤î, 2015wLª.
84
¸ovev‡q (eZ©gvb gvj`‡n) GKwU DbœZ gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib, †hLv‡b nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb Kiv n‡Zv|
†mB mgqKvi weL¨vZ gynvwÏm kvqL wknveywÏb, gynv¤§` Beb BqvR`vb eLk (iv.) GLv‡b eyLvixi ìm
w`‡Zb| 1550 mvj bvMva AÎ AÂ‡j gmwR`, LvbKvi g‡Zv eû Bmjvgx cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V|
1638 mv‡j m¤ªvU AvKei `x‡b Bjvnx cÖeZ©b Ki‡j gymwjg mgv‡R Bmjvgx AvwK`v, wkÿv ms¯‥…wZ I
agx©q‡eva P~ovšÍiƒ‡c ûgwKi gy‡L c‡o| GB msKU wbimb K‡í mvg‡b GwM‡q Av‡mb Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ
gynvwÏm, gyRvwÏ` Avj‡d mvbx (in.)| Zuvi m~wPZ wkÿv Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j gymwjg mgv‡R BwZevPK ms¯‥vi
mvwaZ nq| GKBmv‡_ GK`j weÁ I wbf©xK gynvwÏmI •Zwi nq| 1700 mv‡j m¤ªvU eve‡ii Avg‡j
Dcgnv‡`‡k kxqv gZev‡ì DÌvb N‡U Ges Avwjg‡ì gv‡S gvhnve wb‡q Ø›`¦ †`Lv †`q| 1733 mv‡j kvn
IqvwjDjøvn w`njvfx G mKj cÖwZK~j Ae¯’v ms¯‥vi K‡i cybivq weï× nv`xm PP©vi cÖPjb ïiæ K‡ib|
1757 mv‡j B÷BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi RNb¨ loh‡š¿i Ke‡j c‡o evsjvq bevex Ag‡ji Aemvb N‡U Ges
Bs‡iR kvm‡bi m~Pbv nq| Bs‡iR Avg‡j nv`xmkv¯¿ I Ab¨vb¨ Bmjvgx wkÿv PP©vi c_ iæ× n‡q Av‡m|
Z‡e ZLbI †`‡k wKQz g³e gvìvmv wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b Pvjy _v‡K| 1780 mv‡j jW© †nw÷s‡mi mv‡_ GK
•eV‡K evsjvi gvbyl‡ì mvaviY wkÿvi cvkvcvwk Bmjvgx wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖwZôvb †Lvjvi AbygwZ
PvIqv nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z 1781 mv‡j XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvi hvÎv ïiæ nq| †mLv‡b cÖL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’
wgkKvZ kixd wkÿv `v‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq| 1866 mv‡j fvi‡Z gvIjvbv Kv‡mg bvbyZzex Gi cÖ‡Póvq M‡o
D‡V we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô nv`x‡mi we`¨vcxV `viæj Djyg †Ìe›`| †mLv‡b wm‡jevm wnmv‡e wbe©vPb Kiv nq
`vi‡m wbRvgxi cvV¨µg‡K| µgvš^‡q †Ìe›` nv`xm wkÿvi Rb¨ GKwU Av‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq Ges Zv
me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o| GiB avivevwnKZvq 1896 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi nvUnvRvix‡Z cÖwZwôZ nq `viæj Djyg
gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv| Z_vq 1907 mvj ‡_‡K gyqvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`, Znvex, wmnvn wmËvnmn cÖwm× mKj
nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb ïiæ nq| Aciw`‡K KjKvZv (cieZx© XvKv) Avwjqv gvìvmvq 1909 mv‡j UvB‡Uj
K¬v‡m cvV`vb ïiæ n‡j wmnvn wmËvmn wewea nv`xm MÖš’ PP©v ïiæ nq| 1921 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq 3wU
Abyl` I 12wU wefvM wb‡q hvÎvKv‡j BmjvwgK ÷vwWR I Aviex wefvM wQj Ab¨Zg cÖavb m½x|
GB wef‡MI nv`xm cvV`vb Pvjy nq| Gfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©vi
†ÿÎ m~wPZ nq Ges Zv hyM hyMvšÍ a‡i nv`xmkv‡¯¿i †R¨vwZ wewj‡q hv‡”Q|106
N. evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm AvMg‡bi gva¨g
evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg Z_v nv`x‡mi Avwef©ve wZbwU gva¨‡g n‡q‡Q| h_v-K. †b․c‡_ Avie ewYK‡ì gva¨‡g;
L. ¯’jc‡_ Bmjvg ag© cÖPviKM‡Yi gva¨‡g; M. gymwjg kvmK‡ì weRqvwfhvb, ÔAvwjg, gynvwÏm, gyRvwn`
Ges Ijx-AvDwjqvi gva¨‡g| G cÖm‡½ gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb Lvb e‡jb- evsjvq cÖ_g Bmjvg AvMgb ¯’j
c‡_ bq eis mgy`ª c‡_ G‡m‡Q| †Lv` ivm~j-Kvixg (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq GgbwK m¤¢eZ wnRi‡Zi Av‡MI
evsjvi DcK~j AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv we¯Ívi jvf K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k mvnvex‡ì AvMgb N‡U‡Q Ges Zvuiv
G †`‡k eû msL¨K Abymvix ev Zv‡eqx †i‡L †M‡Qb|107 Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv BwZnvmwe‡ì g‡Z, G †`‡k
Bmjv‡gi weKvk PviwU Dcv‡q N‡U _vK‡Z cv‡i e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- K) weRqvwfhvb; L)
ag©všÍwiZ KiY; M) Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb; N) ewnivMZ‡ì emwZ ¯’vcb|108 D³ gva¨g¸‡jv h_v_© bq; eis
Bmjvg cÖPviKMY Z_v Avwjg-Ijvgv, gynvwÏm-gyevwjøM, mydx-mvaK, cxi-AvDwjqvi cÖvYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv Ges
Zvu‡ì AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡, gnË¡ I D`viZv Øviv wbcxwoZ I wbh©vwZZ gvby‡li ü`q Rq Kivi gva¨‡gB
gymwjg msL¨v MwiôZv AR©‡bi d‡j nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb N‡U‡Q|
106 cÖv¸³
107 gvIjvbv gywnDwÏb Lvb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg K‡qKwU Z_¨ m~ÎÕ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k,
GwcÖj-Ryb msL¨v, c„. 345
108 m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, XvKv : Bdvev, L. 27, c„. 38
85
3.8.3 e½ AÂ‡j nv`xm PPv©i weKvk

Av‡jv-Avauv‡ii Ø›Ø wPišÍb| Av‡jvi AvMg‡b Avauv‡ii cÖ¯’vb Awbevh©| Avie MM‡Y Bmjv‡gi iwe Dw`Z
nIqvi c‡i Rvwnwjqv‡Zi †Nvi AÜKvi Inxi †R¨vwZ‡Z D™¢vwmZ nq| G Av‡jv‡K †Kvb kw³ wbwf‡q w`‡Z
cv‡iwb; cv‡iwb ¯Íä Ki‡Z| G Av‡jvK”Q¡Uv mxgve× _v‡Kwb Avie f~wg‡Z; cÖvP¨ †_‡K cvðvZ¨, Gwkqv,
BD‡ivc, Avwd«Kv me©Î Zv Qwo‡q c‡o wQj| GgbwK G †nivi †R¨vwZ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡kI ewÂZ nqwb|
Avie gymwjg ewYKiv Rj I ¯’j c‡_ Bmjv‡gi evYx enb K‡i wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb G AÂ‡j| Zv‡ì c_
a‡i kZmn¯ª Ijx-AvIwjqv, gyevwjøM-gyiwk`, Avwjg-Ijvgv G †`‡k wbQK Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
AvMgb K‡ib| ivR‣bwZKfv‡e cÖ_g gymwjg e½ weRqx exi BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjRx
be `xwÿZ gymwjg‡ì Bmjvgx Zvnhxe-ZgyÏyb wkÿv `v‡bi Rb¨ A‡bK cÖkvmwbK I ev¯ÍewfwËK c`‡ÿc
MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb GUv ü`qw`‡q Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h, Bmjvgx wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZi e¨vcK cÖPvi I
cÖmv‡ii gva¨‡g GKwU myk„•Lj gymwjg mgvR M‡o bv DVv ch©šÍ gymwjg kvm‡bi eywbqv` gReyZ wfwËi
Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv mwZ¨Kv‡ii gymwjg mgvRB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖvYkw³| ZvB HwZnvwmK
wgbnvR-B-wmivR e‡jb,ÒjL‡b․wZ‡Z ivRavbx cÖwZôv Kivi ci eLwZqvi LjRx Zvui iv‡Rï cÖ‡Z¨K
BKZvq gmwR`, gv`ªvmv I LvbKvn wbgv©Y K‡ib|Ó109
G e½ AvÂ‡j KLb, Kxfv‡e Ges Kvi gva¨‡g me©cÖ_g nv`xm PP©vi AvbyôvwbK m~ÎcvZ nq Zv wbwðZ K‡i
ejv cÖvq Am¤¢e| Z‡e G K_v wbwðZK‡i ejv hvq †h, BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx KZ©„K
e½ weR‡qi (1203 wLª.) A‡bK Av‡MB G AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv Z_v KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †R¨vwZ †cu․‡Q
wQj| KviY e½ weR‡qi eû c~e© †_‡KB ga¨cÖvP¨ †_‡K AvMZ A‡bK Avwjg-Ijvgv, gynvwÏm-gydvwm&mi I
`x‡bi `vÔC G AÂ‡j Bmjvg cÖPvi K‡i G‡mwQ‡jb| Zvuiv KziAvb-nv`x‡m weÁe¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| myZivs
Zvuiv nv`xm Rvb‡Zb bv wKsev G AÂ‡j nv`xm PP©v K‡ibwb, Giƒc aviYv Kiv Zv‡ì Dci AwePvi •eKx?
Zv Qvov kvnx Avgj I bevex Avg‡j ivRKv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb Avwjg-Ijvgv, Zv‡ì †KDB nv`xm PP©v
K‡iwb Ggb wPšÍv KivUvB ev KZUyKz hyw³hy³? G hy‡Mi AvwjgMY PvKzixi Kg©N›Uvi evwn‡i wKsev ewYKMY
eëmv-evwY‡Rï dvu‡K dvu‡K nv`xm PP©v Ki‡Zb; Qov‡Zb Áv‡bi Av‡jv| 110 G gvìvmv¸‡jvi g‡a¨
gwnmy‡bi gvIjvbv ZKx DÏxb Aviexi gvìvmv cÖvPxbZg| Gi c‡i Av‡m †mvbviMvuI‡qi kvqL kidzÏxb
Avey ZvIqvgvi gvìvmv| kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgv Î‡qv`k kZvãxi †kl fv‡M †mvbviMvuI‡q AvMgb
K‡ib Ges Z_vq gvìvmv ¯’vcb K‡ib|111 G Qvov eoKvUviv gvìvmv Ges jvjevM gvìvmv, ivRkvnxi
evNvq Aew¯’Z nvIqv`v wgqvi gvìvmv I XvKvi bZzb cëb †jb gvìvmvi bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|112
G gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z KziAvb, nv`xm I wdK&n wel‡q cov‡bv n‡Zv| G me wel‡qi g‡a¨ nv`x‡mi Aa¨qb
Ab¨Zg| Avj-KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ nv`x‡mi weKí †bB| †Kbbv gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)
Gi RxebvPvi wjwce× i‡q‡Q nv`x‡m| G Kvi‡Y D³ mKj wel‡qi g‡a¨ nv`xm wkÿv`vb mwe‡kl ¸iæZ¡
jvf K‡i|113 wb‡¤œ cÖZœZ¡Ëwe` I HwZnvwmK‡ì Ae`v‡b evsjvi KwZcq gvìvmvi aŸsmve‡kl I BwZnvm
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv-
109 G.‡K.Gg.RvKvwiqv m¤úvw`Z I Ab~w`Z, wgbnvR-B-wmivR, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1983 wLª., c„.29
110 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³ ,c„. 199
111 W.Gm.Gg.nvmvb, Ô†mvbviMvuIÕ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1989wLª., c„.13; Abdul
karim, Social History of the Muslims in Bengal, 2nd edition, pp.176-190.
112 W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PPv©i DrcwË I µgweKvk, XvKv : G¨vWY© cvewj‡KkÝ, †deªæ. 2006, c„.45
113 wmivRyj Bmjvg m¤úvw`Z, Ave`ym †mvevnvb, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm, L.3, XvKv : GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k, 1993, c„. 387
86
3.8.4 e½ AÂ‡ji gvìvmvmg~n

K) eLwZqvi wLjRxi Avg‡ji gvìvmv: 1203 wLª. BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx evsjvi
Ask we‡kl weR‡qi ci G †`‡k gymwjg kvm‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb e½ weRq Kivi ci b`xqvi
(ivRavbx) cwie‡Z© iscyi bv‡g GKwU kn‡ii cËb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b eû gmwR`, gvìvmv I LvbKvn
wbgv©Y K‡ib|114 BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRxi Abymi‡Y AvÂwjK kvmKeM© wewfbœ AÂ‡j
eû gmwR` wbgv©Y K‡ib| G gmwR`¸‡jv‡ZI h_vwbq‡g wkÿvKvh©µg Pj‡Zv| G cÖm‡½ W. Gg. G. iwng
e‡jb, evsjvi cÖ_g gymwjg kvmK BLwZqvi DÏxb †gvnv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjRxi mgq †_‡KB gmwR`,
LvbKv, g³e I gvìvmvi c„ô‡cvlKZvi K_v Rvbv hvq| wZwb Ijvgv‡ìI mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb|115 eLwZqvi
LjRx mn‡RB Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h, Agymwjg †`‡k Bmjv‡gi we¯Ívi Qvov ÿgZv ¯’vqx n‡e bv|
ZvB ivRavbxi evB‡ii gvìvmv, gmwR` I LvbKv •Zix K‡ib| Zvi avivevwnKZvq cieZx© kvmKe„›`
gmwR` gvìvmv Ges LvbKvi c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡i ÿvšÍ nbwb; eis •mq`, Avjxg I kvqL‡ì †eZb-fvZv
†ÌqviI cÖPjb K‡ib|116 AZtci evsjvi ÿgZvi gmb‡` Av‡mb myjZvb wMqvm DwÏb BIqvR wLjRx|
Zvui kvmbvg‡j (1212-1227 wLª.) wZwb GKwU myig¨ gmwR`, gvìvmv Ges jÿYveZx‡Z GKwU mvivBLvbv
wbg©vY K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b G me ¯’vc‡Zï g‡a¨ ïay Igicyi I Aw¯Ícyi `ywU gvìvmvi fMœvsk BwZnv‡mi mvÿx
n‡q ùvwo‡q Av‡Q|117 Z‡e †m․fvM¨ ekZ: wkjvwjwc Avwe®‥…Z nIqvi d‡j Ges wKQz wKQz wjwLZ cÖgv‡Yi
Øviv K‡qKwU gvìvmvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i K_v Rvbv hvq|118
L) j²YveZxi gvìvmv: myjZvb wMqvmDwÏb evsjvi cÖ_g ¯^vaxb myjZvb| wZwb 1212 n‡Z 1227 wLª.
ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k kvmb K‡ib| evsjvi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ nIqvi c‡iB wZwb GKwU myig¨ gmwR`, GKwU
gvìvmv Ges cÖevmx‡ì Rb¨ j²YveZx‡Z GKwU mivBLvbv ¯’vcb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b GBme ¯’vc‡Zï g‡a¨
ïay gvìvmv febwUi fMœvsk i‡q‡Q|119
M) †MŠ‡oi gvìvmv: myjZvb wØZxq wMqvm DwÏb Ávbx-¸Yx I weØvb‡ì we‡kl m¤§vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb wb‡RI
gv‡S gv‡S Kve¨ PP©v Ki‡Zb| Zuvnvi kvmbvg‡j 1479 mv‡j myjZvb BDmyd kvn wbwg©Z Ôìm evoxÕ bvgK
gvìvmvwU (gvn`xcyi I wd‡ivRcy‡ii gaëZx© ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z) we‡kl cÖwmw× AR©b K‡iwQj| 120 cÖZœZË¡
welqK Rwi‡ci d‡j †M․o AÂ‡j Igicyi MÖv‡gi mwbœK‡U ÔìmevoxÕ bv‡g GKwU gvìvmvi wb`k©b cvIqv
†M‡Q| 121 GLv‡b GKwU gmwR‡ì aŸsmve‡klI cvIqv †M‡Q| hvi bvg ìmevox gmwR` ev gvìvmv
gmwR`| 1471 mv‡j myjvqgvb kvgmyÏxb BDmyd kvn (1474-1482 wLª.) KZ©„K GKwU Rv‡g gmwR`
wbg©v‡Yi eY©bv BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| 122 †M․‡oi †QvU mvMi `xwNi cv‡k¦© GKwU eo `vjv‡bi
aŸsmve‡kl †_‡K gymwjg kvmbKZ©v‡ì ivRavbx kn‡i AviI GKwU gmwR‡ì Aw¯Í‡Z¡i mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q|
¯’vbxq GKwU RbkÖæwZ Abymv‡i `vjvbwU‡Z †ejevox gvìvmv bv‡g GKwU wkÿvcÖwZôvb wQj|123
114 W. gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv Aviexwe`, XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1986 wLª. ,c„. 01 ; Avãym mvËvi ,
Avwjqv gv`ªmvi BwZnvm, †gv¯Ídv nviæY Ab~w`Z, XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2015 wLª. , ms¯‥.3, c„. 25
115 W. Gg.G. iwng, evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1982wLª., c„. 164
116 W. Gg.G. iwng, cÖv¸³, c„. 162; Avãym mvËvi , Avwjqv gv`ªmvi BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„.25
117 Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg, XvKv : evsjvGKv‡Wwg, 1982wLª. , L.1, c„.117 ; Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„.25
118 W.Ave`yj Kwig, gymwjg evsjvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨, XvKv: KvKjx cÖKvkbx, evsjvevRvi, 1994wLª., c„.224-225
119 History of Bengal Archological survey of India Vol-X Vl, p- 76; Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„.25
120 Charls Sterwart, The History of Bengal, London: Black Parry & Co.1813, P.P 82-85 ; Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„.25;
Gg. Avwe` Avjx Lvb gvj`nx, †MŠo I cvÐzqvi ¯§„wZK_v, Aby. Aa¨vcK KvRx †gvt knx`yj nK I Aa¨vcK †gvt Aveyj Kv‡mg fzuBqv,
XvKv: Bdvev, 1987wLª., c„ 90
121 W. Ave`yj Kwig, gymwjg evsjvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨, cÖv¸³, c„. 211
122 Aveyj nvmvbvZ Avjx b`fx, wn›`y¯’vb Kx K`xg Bmjvgx ìm Mvwn, cÖv¸³, c„.5; W. †gv: Ave`ym mvËvi, evsjv‡`‡k gvìvmv wkÿv I
mgvR Rxe‡b Zvi cÖfve, XvKv: Bdvev,2004wLª., c„. 108
123 W. Gg.iwng, evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„. 163
87
N) ûMjxi gvìvmv: ga¨hy‡Mi wkjvwjwc m~‡Î K‡qKwU gvìvmvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ cvIqv hvq| 1298 mvj myjZvb
iæKb DÏxb KvqKvD‡mi cwðg e‡½i ûMjx †Rjvq wÎ‡ebx‡Z GKwU gvìvmv cÖ wZwôZ nq| 1313 mv‡j
myjZvb kvgmyÏxb wd‡ivR kv‡ni mg‡q DrKxY© Avi GKLvwb wkjvwjwc‡ZI GKwU gvìvmv ¯’vc‡bi K_v
D‡jøL Av‡Q| Avm‡j Dfq wkjvwjwc GKB gvìvmvi| gvìvmvi †gvZvIqvjøx wn‡m‡e Rvdi Lv‡bi bvg
D‡jøL Av‡Q| 124 myjZvb Rvjvj DÏxb gynv¤§` kvn KZ©„K wbwg©Z AviI GKwU gvìvmvi mÜvb cvIqv hvq|
1432 mv‡ji wkjvwjwc‡Z gmwR`mn GB gvìvmvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Abygvb Kiv nq| 125 myjZvb AvjvDÏxb
û‡mb kvn&i 1501 mv‡j DrKxY© wkjvwjwc Abymv‡i ag© I weÁvb wkÿv`vb Ges hv mZ¨ †Kej †m gZev`
Abymi‡Yi Dc‡`k`vb Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvjvDÏxb û‡mb kvn& G PgrKvi gvìvmvwU wbg©vY K‡ib| 126
HwZnvwmK Pvj©m ÷yqvU© e‡jb, kvqL b~i KzZze Avjg GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges myjZvb AvjvDÏxb
û‡mb kvn H gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ f~m¤úwË `vb K‡ib|127
O) †nv‡mb kv‡ni gvìvmv: †nv‡mb kvn Ges Zuvi cyÎ bmivZ kvn Gi mwnZ evsjvi †nvmvBbx es‡ki
we‡kl m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| Zuviv `yRbB eû gvìvmv Ges LvbKv ¯’vcb K‡ib| †M․‡oi mvMi `xwNi DËivs‡k
PZz‡K©vb wewkó GKwU gvìvmv feb GL‡bv Zv‡ì ¯§„wZi mvÿ¨ enb Ki‡Q| GB Avjxkvb gvìvmv myjZvb
†nv‡mb kvn Avj gv‡jKzj †nvmvBbxi Av‡`kµ‡g 1493 mv‡ji (907 wn.) c‡njv ighvb ¯’vcb K‡ib|128
P) w`bvRcy‡ii gvìvmv: Î‡qv`k kZvãxi cÖ_gfv‡M kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvi cÖ‡Póvq †mvbviMuv
nv`xm wkÿv †K›`ª cÖwZôvi c~‡e© w`bvRcy‡ii gwnmy‡b gvIjvbv ZKxDÏxb GKwU Aviex gvìvmv cÖwZôv
K‡ib| wKš‘ Zv AZUv e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Z‡e Zvui G gvìvmv‡K evsjvi cÖ_g Bmjvgx †K›`ª
e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|129
Q) XvKvi gvìvmv: kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgv †evLvivq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb †Lvivmv‡b †jLvcov
†kl K‡i Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Dcgnv‡`‡k Av‡mb| w`jøxi myjZvb BjZyrwgk ZLb (1210-
36) Avey ZvIqvgv‡K evsjvi †mvbviMvu‡q cvVvb e‡j Rvbv hvq| wZwb ivRKg© †c‡qI Zv cÖZ¨vLvb K‡ib|
AZtci †mvbviMvu‡q G‡m GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges Zvi cÖ‡Póvq gvìvmvwU †mvbviMuv nv`xm
wkÿvi GKwU weivU †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq|130 G gvìvmvwU wQj GKwU e„n`vqZb AvevwmK wkÿv wb‡KZb|
ZvB wkÿK‡ì ZË¡veav‡b wkÿv_x©‡ì BmjvwgK Rxeb weav‡bi ev¯Íe cÖwkÿY †`qv nZ| d‡j ev¯Íe Ávb
AR©‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡ì ÁvbmvaK, g‡`© gyRvwn`xb I wek¦-åvZ…Z¡‡evam¤úbœ Av`k© e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e M‡o
†Zvjv nZ| GgbwK QvÎ-wkÿK‡ì GKB `¯ÍiLvbvq LvIqv-`vIqvq †iIqvRI GLv‡b cÖPwjZ wQj|131
m~dx I cwÐZ wn‡m‡e kvqL kidyÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvi myL¨vwZ Qwo‡q covi d‡j mgMÖ fviZe‡l©i wewfbœ
¯’v‡bi we`¨vbyivMx QvÎiv GLv‡b nv`xm I Bmjvgx Ávbv‡š^l‡Y Qz‡U Avm‡Zv| Kv‡RB †mvbviMuv ïay
e½‡`‡kB bq, Zv fvi‡Zi GKwU cÖ`xß wkÿv †K‡›`ªi gh©v`v jvf K‡i| †m hy‡M GLvb †_‡K eû L¨vwZgvb
Ávbx, ¸Yx, gynvwÏm-gydvwm&mi, cxi-ì‡ek •Zwi nq| 132 myjZvb RvjvjyÏxb gynv¤§v` kvn myjZvb
AvjvDÏxb ûmvBb kv‡ni Rvnv½xi bMi¯’ eoKvUiv gvìvmv Ges jvjevM gvìvmv, ivRkvnxi evNvq
124 W. Ave`yj Kwig, gymwjg evsjvi BwZnvm I HwZn¨, cÖv¸³, c„. 225
125 cÖv¸³
126 cÖv¸³, c„.226
127 W. Ave`yj Kwig, g°v kix‡d ev½vjx gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg: evBZzk kid Bmjvgx M‡elYv cÖwZôvb, 1987 wLª., c„.11-13
128 S. M. Jafar, Education in Muslim India, Delli: Idarah-i- Adabiyat-i Delli,1993, Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„.26
129 W. gynv¤§` iæûj Avgxb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, ÔkvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvÕ, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1992
wLª., 32 el©, 1g I 4_© (GKwÎZ) msL¨v, c„. 395-402 (we.`ª.); Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, cÖv¸³, c„. 117
130 cÖv¸³
131 W. Gg.G. iwng, evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1982 wLª., c„. 167
132 W.Av.b.g. iBQ DÏxb, Ôevsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©veÕ, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv: dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1987 wLª.,
c„. 167
88
Aew¯’Z nvIqv`v wgqvi gvìvmv I XvKvi bZzb cëb †jb gvìvmvi bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G QvovI G †`‡ki
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b AviI A‡bK gvìvmv wbwg©Z nq| 133 XvKvi DcK‡Úi wewkó e¨w³ kvnbyix (in.) Zuvi
ÔwKewiqv‡Z AvngiÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, (MÖš’wU `yj©f) wZwb †ivR Pvi gvBj c_ AwZµg K‡i gMevRvi n‡Z
kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi gvìvmv co‡Z †h‡Zb| GB Aa¨qbKvj m¤¢eZ 1708 wLªóv‡ã n‡e| GQvov kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi
Amgvß †Kjøvi AbwZ`~‡i GKwU RgKv‡jv gmwR` i‡q‡Q| GB gmwR`‡K Lvb †gvnv¤§` g„avi gmwR` bv‡g
AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GB febwU wØZj wewkó| bx‡P A‡bK eo eo Kvgiv i‡q‡Q| GB Kvgiv¸wj QvÎvevm
wnmv‡e eëüZ nZ| gmwR‡ì Pvwiw`‡K †Lvjv eviv›`v i‡q‡Q| GB gmwR‡ì bx‡Pi Ask‡K GL‡bv
gvìvmv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| gmwR‡ì †Ìqv‡j K‡qK PiY divmx KweZv DrKxY© Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
QvovI XvKv‡Z G RvZxq eû gmwR‡ì mÜvb cvIqv hvq, †h mKj gmwR` msjMœ wewfbœ gvìvmvi Ae¯’vb
m¤ú‡K© XvKvi gvby‡li gv‡S RbkÖæwZ i‡q‡Q|134
R) gywk©`vev‡ì gvìvmv: Ôwmqviæj gyZvAvÕLwLixbÕ MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvq AeMZ nIqv hvq †h, beve
Avjxe`©x Lvb Zuvi RxeÏkvq AvwRgvev‡ì (cvUbv) Avwjg-dvwhj I wkÿvwe`‡ì‡K gywk©`vev‡` emevm
Kievi Rb¨ Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges Zv‡ì Rb¨ ch©vß e„wË eivÏ †`qv nq| bev‡ei Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q
AvwRgvev` n‡Z †h mKj cwÐZ e¨w³eM© gywk©`vev‡` G‡mwQ‡jb Zb¥‡a¨ gxi †gvnv¤§` Avjx, †nvmvBb Lvb
I nvRx †gvnv¤§` Lv‡bi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gxi †gvnv¤§` Avjxi GKwekvjvqZb
e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwi wQj| hv‡Z `yB nvRvi MÖš’ wQj| G‡ZB Abygvb Kiv hvq †h, wZwb KZ DuPz gv‡ci
ÁvbmvaK-we`¨vbyivMx wQ‡jb| G Qvov gywk©`vev‡` ÔKvUvi gvìvmvÕ bv‡g weL¨vZ GKwU `xwb cÖwZôvb wQj|
bIqve Rvdi gyiwk` Avjx Lvb G gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv| gvìvmvwU GL‡bv Kv‡ji mvÿx n‡q m‡M․i‡e
ùvwo‡q Av‡Q|135
S) †evnv‡ii (ea©gvb) gvìvmv: †evnvi ea©gvb †Rjvi AšÍM©Z †QvÆ GKwU MÖvg| G AÂ‡ji cÖL¨vZ
Rwg`vi gybkx mìæwÏb GKRb h_v_© cwÐZ Ges Ávbwccvmy e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Ávbx-¸Yx‡ì
wZwb we‡klfv‡e mgvì Ki‡Zb| Zuvi Avgš¿Yµ‡g m¤¢eZ 1178 wnRix‡Z j‡ÿè․i weL¨vZ Avwjg evniæj
Dj~g (we`¨vmvMi) Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ gvIjvbv Ave`yj Avjx †evnv‡i Zvkwid †bb| gybkx mìæwÏb gvIjvbvi
Rb¨ †evnv‡i GKwU ¯^Zš¿¨ gvìvmv ¯’vcb K‡ib| GB gvìvmvq wZwb eûKvj PvikZ UvKv gvwmK †eZ‡b
wkÿv`vb K‡ib| G gvìvmvq `~i‡`k †_‡K AvMZ Kg c‡ÿ GKkZ wkÿv_x©‡K e„wË cÖ`vb Kiv n‡Zv|
Kvjµ‡g †evnvi gvìvmv eÜ n‡q hvq| wKš‘ gvìvmv eÜ n‡q †M‡jI B‡¤úwiqvj jvB‡eªwii Ô‡evnvi
wefvMÕ A`¨vewa Zv ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| KviY gv`vivmvwU eÜ nIqvi ci e„nr KyZzeLvbv (jvB‡eªwi) Bs‡iR
miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b ivLv nq Ges mgy`q wKZvecÎ I nv‡Z wjLv AmsL¨ cvÐzwjwc KwjKvZvi B‡¯úwiqvj
jvB‡eªwi‡Z ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq| †evnv‡ii g‡Zv g½j‡KvUI wewkó Avwjg-Djvgv I wkÿvwe`‡ì †K›`ª¯’j
wQj| GLv‡b gvIjvbv nvwg`ywÏb `v‡bkg›` ev½vjxi (in.) LvbKv kixd wQj; whwb gyRvwÏ‡` Avj‡dmvbxi
wkl¨-f³ wQ‡jb| AZtci GLv‡b Kvjµ‡g agx©q wkÿvi cÖfve w¯ÍwgZ n‡q Av‡m cÿvšÍ‡i cvðvZ¨ wkÿvi
wfZ iwPZ nq| KzZzeLvbvq iwÿZ Ag~j¨ m¤ú` AeëüZ Ae¯’vq webó n‡e G Avk¼vq gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
g½j‡KvwUi †c․Îx Ges †Lv›`Kvi †g․jex GRnviæj n‡Ki cZœx Zv‡ì cvwievwiK KzZzeLvbvi mgy`q eB-
cÎ 1928 wLª. gvìvmv-B-Avwjqvq (KwjKvZv) `vb K‡ib| `vbK…Z GBme MÖš’ GL‡bv XvKvi gvìvmv-B-
Avjxqvi jvB‡eªwi‡Z Ôg½j‡KvU wefvMÕ bv‡g Av‡Rv myiwÿZ i‡q‡Q| `~j©f G wefv‡M me©‡gvU 704 Lvbv
MÖš’ i‡q‡Q, Zb¥‡a¨ 6460 Lvbv gyw`ªZ Ges Aewkó¸‡jv nv‡Zi †jLv cvÐzwjwc|136
133 W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, cÖv¸³, c„.45; I.H. Qureshi, Administretion of the Sultanate of Delhi, 5th edition, p.p 176
134 Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„.28
135 cÖv¸³, c„.28-29
136 cÖv¸³
89
*Aóv`k kZvãxi †klv‡a© Bs‡iR Bó BwÛqv †Kv¤úvbx KZ„©Z¡ cÖwZôvi c~e© ch©šÍ G †`k gymwjg kvmbvaxb
_v‡K| 1947 mv‡j Bs‡iR kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U| fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb bv‡g `ywU ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq
c„w_exi gvbwP‡Î| cwðg cvwK¯Ívb bvgK ivóªwU cwðg fvi‡Zi wKQz Ask Ges e½ †`‡ki c~e©vÂ‡ji e„nËi
Ask wb‡q m„wó nq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi| 1971 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb GK gnvb gyw³ hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv
jvf K‡i | d‡j evsjv‡`k bvgK ivóªwUi Af‚¨`q nq|137
3.8.5 evsjv‡`‡k cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e gynvwÏmM‡Yi avivevwnKZvq (mb‡`) nv`xm PP©v

nv`xm‡K cÖvgvwYK Drm wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ Ki‡Z m~Î ci¯úiv †g․wLK mvÿ¨mg~‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©|
gynvwÏmM‡Yi cwifvlvq, GB mv‡ÿï avivevwnKZv‡K mb` (eY©bv m~Î ci¯úiv) wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
cÖ‡Z¨K mvwÿ¨B e¯‘Z G‡KKRb ivex (eY©bvKvix)| ivexMY ïay mvÿ¨ w`‡qB ÿ¨všÍ _v‡Kbwb eis ixwZgZ
wkÿv`vb K‡i‡Qb| ZvB mvÿ¨`vZv kvqL ev wkÿK Ges †kÖvZv ev QvÎ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡q‡Q| †h †Kv‡bv
gnvgbxlx KZ…©K nv`xm e‡j ¯^xK…Z †Kv‡bv evK¨‡K mb` e¨ZxZ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi nv`xm e‡j
Kw¯§bKv‡jI Aby‡gv`b †`qv nq bv| Av‡jvP¨ Awfm›`f©wU †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v welqK
M‡elYvKg©, ZvB evsjv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi AvMgb I evsjvfvlx gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`x‡mi mb` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
Kiv Avek¨K| G Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Rvbv hv‡e, †Kvb mb` ev avivevwnKZvq G †`‡k nv`x‡mi AvMgb I
PP©v n‡”Q| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi QqwU cÖwm× MÖš’mn Ab¨vb¨ †h K‡qKwU MÖ‡š’i ìm-Zvìxm Pjgvb
i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi h_vh_ mb` ci¤úiv Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvk: hv‡ì avivevwnKZvq

mnxn eyLvix
kvqL Avey Avew`jøvn gynv¤§` web BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) (g„. 256wn.)
Avey Ave`yjøvn gynv¤§` web BDmyd †eiveix eyLvix (in.) (320wn.)
Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yjøvn web Avngv` mvivLmx (in.) (381wn.)
Aveyj nvmvb Ave`yi ingvb web gyRvddi web gynv¤§` `vD`x (in.) (467wn.)
Aveyj IqvKZ Ave`yj AvDqvj web Cmv nvivfx (in.) (553wn.)
wmivRyÏxb ûmvBb web gyeviK RyevB`x evM`v`x nv¤^jx (in.) (631wn.)
Aveyj AveŸvm Avngv` web Avey Zvwje nv¾vi (in.) (730wn.)
hvBbyÏxb Beivnxg web ZvbyLx kvgx (in.) (800wn.)
nvwdh Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx wgmix kv‡dC (in.) (852wn.)
hvBbyÏxb hvKvwiqv web gynv¤§` Avbmvix kv‡dC (in.) (927wn.)
kvgQzÏxb gynv¤§` web Avng` web gynv¤§` igjx wgmix kv‡dC (in.) (10004wn.)
Avng` web Ave`yj KzÏym wkbœvfx wgmix Qz¤§vj gv`vbx (in.) (1027wn.)
mvBwq` Avng` web gynv¤§` Kzkvkx gv`vbx (in.) (1071wn.)
Beivnxg Kzi`x kv‡dC (in.) (1101wn.)
Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` web Beivnxg Avj gv`vbx (in.) (1145wn.)
137 gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, es e½ ev½vjv evsjv‡`k, XvKv : mgq cÖKvkb, 1999wLª., c„. 24
90
kvn IqvwjDjøvn gynvwÏm †`njfx nvbvdx (in.)(1176wn.) kvqL BÕqvKze bvbyZzex nvKxgyj
kvn Ave`yj KvBDg Ljxj kvn Ave`yj AvRxR †`njfx nvbvdx (in.) (1246wn.) D¤§Z Avkivd Avjx _vbex
Avng` mvnvibcyix Avmv`yjøvn kvqL kveŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx
Ave`yj gvRx` XvKzex (jvjevM) kvn BmnvK †`njfx nvbvdx (in.) (1262wn.) kvqL RvÕdi Avng` Dmgvbx
kvn Ave`yj MYx gyRv‡Ï`x nvbvdx(1296wn.) kvqLyj nv`xm AvRxRyj nK
kvqL gvIjvbv Kvwmg bvbyZzex (in.) (1297wn.) (Rvwgqv ingvwbqv)
Ave`yj Iqv`y` m¦w›`cx kvqLyj wn›` gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x(1339wn.)
nvwdh Avngv`yj nK (cwUqv) dLiæÏxb gyiv`vev`x
b~i ûmvBb Kv‡mgx (evwiaviv)
AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.)
kvn Avng` Lyikx` Avjg m¦›`xwc,dRjyj

dRjyi ingvb kvn gynv¤§` AvBDe Ges Bìxm Kv›`jfx Kixg web mvBwq`, Avng`
Ave`yj nvjxg eyLvix Ave`yj nvjxg eyLvix nvwdh Avng`yj nK Avkivdx (avgZx gvìvmv)
ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) (1377 wn.)
wbqvR gvL`yg †LvZvbx Ave`yj KvDq~g ‡n`vqvZzjøvn, gvngy` nvmvb

kvn Avng` kdx gydZx †gv¯Ídv nvwg`x myjvBgvb †bvÕgvbx mvjvûÏxb, Mv½ynx, Devq`yjøvn
(nvUnvRvix) (QviQxbv Avwjqv gv`:) (Rvwgqvb~wiqv) Bwjqvm gv`vixcyix dviæKx
Ave`yj KzÏym
mnxn gymwjg
kvn IqvwjDjøvn gynvwÏm †`njfx nvbvdx (1176wn.)
kvn Ave`yj AvRxR †`njfx nvbvdx (1246wn.)
kvn BmnvK †`njfx nvbvdx (1262wn.)
kvn Ave`yj MYx gyRv‡Ï`x nvbvdx (1296wn.)
kveŸxi Avngv` Dmgvbx
kvqL gvIjvbv Kvwmg bvbyZzex (1297wn.) gydwZ AvÕhg gydwZ dqRyjøvn
kvqLyj wn›` gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x (1339wn.) gydwZ byi Avng` PvUMvgx
kvqL Beivnxg ejBqvex (nvUnvRvix gvìvmv)
gydZx AvÕhg
K¡gviæÏxb MvIiQzix
Avngv`yj nK
Avjøvgv nviæb PvUMvgx

gydZx kixdzj Bmjvg gydZx wn`vqvZzjøvn (nvUnvRvix gvìvmv)
91
mybvb Avb-bvmvC
gvhnvi bvbyZzex kvn Ave`yj AvRxR †`njfx nvbvdx (1246wn.)
Avãyi ingvb Kv‡gjcyix kvn BmnvK †`njfx nvbvdx (1262wn.)
gydZx gvngy` nvmvb Ms¸nx kvn Ave`yj MYx gyRv‡Ï`x nvbvdx (1296wn.)
kvqL gvIjvbv Kvwmg bvbyZzex (1297wn.)
kvqLyj wn›` gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x (1339wn.)
AvbIqvi kvn Kvkwgix Avjøvgv Aveyj nvmvb PvUMvgx

Bìxm wgivwV kvqL nv‡dR †kvqvBe Avngv`
Avãym mvjvg PvUMvgx (nvUnvRvix gvìvmv)
(nvUnvRvix gvìvmv)
mybvb Avex `vD`

dLiæj nvmvb gyiv`vev`x dLiæj nvmvb gyiv`vev`x kvqLyj Av`ve GÕhvh Avjx
K¡gviæÏxb kvqLyj Av`ve GÕhvh Avjx Avjøvgv nv‡g` (PÆMÖvg)
gvngy` nvmvb †bÕgvZzjøvn AvÕhgx gydwZ Avngv`yj nK I nviæb PvUMvgx
gvIjvbv gvngy` nvmvb (nvUnvRvix gvìvmv)
RvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghx
ûmvBb Avngv` gv`vbx AvbIqvi kvn Kvkgxwi Beivnxg ejBqvex Beivnxg ejBqvex
Avãyj Avhxh PvUMvgx dLiæj nvmvb Avgiænx gydZx mvC` Avngv` cvjbcyix wiqvmZ Avjx
gvIjvbv nvexeyjøvn AvjvDwÏb Kv‡mgx gvKeyj ûmvBb Aveyj Kv‡mg †ebvimx
92
mybvb Beb gvhvn

kvn Iqvwj Djøvn gynvwÏm †`njfx nvbvdx (1176wn.)
ûmvBb Avngv` gv`vbx AvbIqvi kvn Kvkwgix

AvbIqviæj AvRxg K¡vix Z¡Bwqe in.
Avãyi inxg wiqvmZ Avjx weRbyix
gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn gvIjvbv bvRgyj nvmvb
gyAvËv Bgvg gvwjK I gyAvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`

ûmvBb Avngv` gv`vbx AvbIqvi kvn Kvkwgix

‡gvjøv ûmvBb wenvix ekxi Avngv` eyj›`knix
gydZx BKevj ûmvBb Dmgvb gvbmyicyix
gvIjvbv kixdzj AvÕhg
kiû gvÕAvwbj AvQvi (Z¡nvex kixd)

dKxûbœvdm ikx` Avngv` Mv½ynx kvn Ave`yj AvRxR †`njfx nvbvdx (1246wn.)
gvgjyK Avjx kvn BmnvK †`njfx nvbvdx (1262wn.)
gvhnvi bvbyZzex
Ljxj Avngv` mvnvibcyix
Avãyj jZxd kvqL gvIjvbv Kvwmg bvbyZzex (1297wn.)
gynv¤§v`yjøvn nv‡d¾x ûhyi kvqLyj wn›` gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x (1339wn.)
gydZx wKdvqvZzjøvn
gydZx gvngy` nvmvb kvnRvnvbcyix
gydZx mvC` Avngv` cvjbcyix
gvIjvbv gvKeyj ûmvBb
3.9 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PPv©i weKvk

1203 mv‡j evsjvq ivR‣bwZKfv‡e Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve n‡jI 1350 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©v
nqwb ej‡jB P‡j| g~jZ Bwjqvm kvnx Avgj †_‡K gymwjg kvmK‡ì c…ô‡cvlKZvq evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨
PP©vi m~ÎcvZ nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq ûmvBb kvnx Avg‡j (1493-1538) evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©v we¯Ívi
jvf K‡i| Z‡e ZrKv‡j fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©vq Bmjv‡gi cÖfve wQj cÖvq Aby‡jøL‡hvM¨| Aek¨ gymwjg
kvm‡bi m~Pbv jMœ †_‡K 1836 mvj ch©šÍ ivó«fvlv dvwm© wQj; ZvB ZrKv‡j mgv‡R dvwm© fvlvi cÖfve jÿ¨
93
Kiv †M‡Q| Zv Qvov myjZvbx Avg‡j †mvbviMvuI, cvÐzqv, mxZvKyÐ cÖf…wZ ¯’vb wQj KziAvb nv`x‡mi e¨vcK PP©v
†K›`ª| G¸‡jvi cÖfveI evsjv fvlvq c‡o‡Q G K_v m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e ejv hvq| †gvNj Avgj †_‡KB evsjv
fvlvq Bmjv‡gi PP©v I gymwjg HwZn¨mg…× mvwnZ¨ iPbvi cÖqvm P‡j| cyuw_ mvwn‡Zï hyMUvB n‡”Q evsjv
fvlvq Z_v RbM‡Yi AvU‡c․‡i fvlvq gymwjg HwZn¨ mg…× mvwnZ¨ PP©vi hyM| wKš‘ Zvic‡iI evsjv fvlvq
KziAvb nv`x‡mi cVb, cvVvb I PP©v wQj ZLb ch©šÍ AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ ch©vq| weªwUk Avg‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K KziAvb
nv`x‡mi PP©v wQj dvm©x fvlvq w`jøx‡Kw›`ªK Ges ga¨fv‡M wQj KjKvZv I †Ìe›`‡Kw›`ªK D`©ywbf©i| d‡j
ZLb evsjv fvlvq KziAvb nv`xm PP©v I mvwnZ¨ m„wó wQj LyeB bMY¨| Z‡e †`k wefv‡Mi c‡i 1947 mvj
†_‡K evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlv‡K ivóªxq fvlvi `vex‡Z AvIqvR D”PvwiZ nq Ges 1952 mv‡j Zv P~ovšÍ iƒc
jvf K‡i| G mgq ch©šÍ G †`‡ki nv`xm PP©vi gva¨g wQj D`©~ wgwkªZ evsjv| Gi avivevwnKZvq 1971 mv‡j
gnvb gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g †`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci †_‡K Avwjqv avivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi e¨vcKZv jÿ¨
Kiv hvq; ch©vqµ‡g †Kvb †Kvb KIgx gvìvmv‡ZI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi ïiæ nq| wb‡¤œ evsjv fvlv I
mvwn‡Zï mswÿß BwZnvm I Zvi ci‡Z ci‡Z PwP©Z nv`x‡mi Abym½ AbymÜv‡bi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡jv|
3.9.1 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï mswÿß BwZnvm
‡Kvb fvlv PP©v Ki‡Z n‡j †m fvlvi BwZnv‡mi Aíwe¯Íi Ávb _vKv Avek¨K| bZzev †m fvlvi iƒc-cÖK…wZ, gb-
†gRvR, MVb-Avw½K I cÖeYZv m¤ú‡K© cwi”Qbœ aviYv R‡b¥ bv| ZvB evsjv fvlvi BwZnv‡mi euv‡K euv‡K bex
Kixg (mv.) Gi gyL wbm„Z Agxq evYx G fvlv‡Z KLb Kx cwigv‡b PP©v n‡qwQj Zv AbymÜvb Kivi c~‡e© AwZ
ms‡ÿ‡c evsjv fvlvi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv KivB n‡jv G cwi‡”Q‡ì D‡Ïk¨| evsjv fvlvi DrcwË, weKvk I
Zvi weeZ©b aviv Ges mvwnZ¨ m„wói •ewk‡óï cÖwZ `„wócvZ Ki‡j Zv wZbwU ch©vq ev ¯Í‡i web¨vm Kiv hvq| h_v-
K. evsjv fvlvi Avw`hyM ev cÖvPxb hyM (AvbygvwbK 650 wLª.gZvšÍ‡i 950 wLª.-1200 wLª.);
L. evsjv fvlvi ga¨ hyM (1201-1800 wLª.);
M. evsjv fvlvi AvaywbK hyM (1801 wLª.-eZ©gvb ch©šÍ);
3.9.2 evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï DrcwË I weKvk
evsjv fvlvi BwZnvm AwZ cÖvPxb| ivR‣bwZK BwZnv‡mi g‡Zv mywbw`©ó mb-ZvwiL Abyhvqx mvwn‡Zï hyM wefvRb
Kiv m¤¢e bq| ZvB KLb Kxfv‡e evsjv fvlvi ïf Rb¥ n‡qwQj Zvi mwVK BwZnvm wbiƒcY KivUv KwVb e¨vcvi,
cÖvq Am¤¢eI ejv P‡j| KviY wbw`©ó †Kvb w`bÿ‡Y Gi Rb¥ nqwb| eis Zv mvwnZ¨ K‡g©i •ewPÎ¨ I •ewkó¨ Øviv
wbw`©ó hy‡Mi wPý I mvwnZ¨ weeZ©‡bi avivwU we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Abygvb Kiv hvq gvÎ| kZ mn¯ª eQ‡ii
µgweeZ©‡bi djkÖæwZ‡Z GKUv chv©©q G‡m evsjv fvlv bv‡g Zv Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q| cÖwZwbqZ Gi cwieZ©b,
cwiea©b I cwigvR©b mvwaZ n‡q Pj‡Q| Z‡e aviYv Kiv nq, wLª‡ói R‡b¥i cÖvq cvuP nvRvi eQi c~‡e© ga¨-`wÿY
BD‡iv‡c GK`j †jvK emevm Ki‡Zb| Kvjµ‡g RbmsL¨v e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv BD‡ivc I Gwkqvi wewfbœ
AÂ‡j Qwo‡q c‡ob| Zv‡ì gyLwbm„Z fvlv ÒB‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq g~j fvlvÓ bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨
hviv BD‡iv‡ci wewfbœ AÂ‡j Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb Zv‡ì fvlv †Mvwôi bvg ÒkZÓ A_©‡evaK †Kš‘g (Centum)|
Aci GKwU fvlv †Mvwôi bvg ÒkZÓ A_©‡evaK kZg (Satam); hviv BD‡ivc I Gwkqvi wewfbœ AÂ‡j Qwo‡q
c‡ob| kZg fvlvfvlx‡ì †h `jwU `wÿY-c~e©w`‡K P‡j Av‡mb Zv‡ì‡K Avh© (Aryan) wn‡m‡e bvg KiY Kiv
nq| Zviv Avh© fvlvq K_v ej‡Zb| Giv wLªó c~e© 1200 A‡ãiI c~‡e© G †`‡k AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j
fvlvweÁvbxMY aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| GB Avh©‡ì Avi GKwU Dc`j Lvqevi wMwic_ w`‡q fvi‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi
nb| Zv‡ì fvlvi bvg ÒcÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© fvlvÓ| cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© fvlv †_‡KB µgweeZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
evsjvmn AvaywbK DËi fvi‡Zi fvlv¸‡jvi D™¢e nq| Gfv‡e cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© K_¨ fvlv I •ew`K fvlvi
mswgkªYRvZ fvlvi ms¯‥vi Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j G fvlvixwZi bvg †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Òms¯‥…Z •ew`K fvlvÓ| c‡i G fvlv
mivmwi Òms¯‥…ZÓ fvlv e‡j cwiwPZ nq| G ¯ÍiB cÖvPxb evsjvi DrcwË ¯’j| cÖPxb evsjvi Kvjµ‡g ga¨ evsjvi
¯Íi †cwi‡q AvaywbK evsjvi iƒ‡c Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i| 138
138 Aa¨vcK Avwbmy¾vgb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, KvRx `xb gynv¤§` iwPZ Ôevsjv fvlv I wjwci BwZnvm,Õ XvKv: evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, L.1,c„. 349-351 (we.`ª.)
94
evsjv fvlvi ey¨rcwË: evsjv fvlvi c~Y©v½ I me©RbMÖvn¨ †Kvb BwZnvmMÖš’ cvIqv cÖvq `y®‥i| evsjv fvlvi
ey¨rcwË m¤^‡Ü fvlvweÁvbx‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q h‡_ó gZ‡f`| †ngP›`ª cÖgyL ms¯‥„Z cwÐZMY e‡j‡Qb, evsjv
fvlv ms¯‥…Z fvlv †_‡K D™¢‚Z| gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K gvMax Acåvs‡ki gva¨‡g evsjv fvlv Drcbœ n‡q‡Q e‡j
g‡b K‡ib, mybxwZ Kzgvi PÆcva¨vq| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni g‡Z, ms¯‥„Z wKsev gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K evsjv
fvlvi DrcwË nqwb; eis †M․ox cÖvK…Z †_‡K RvZ †M․o Acåvsk †_‡K evsjv fvlv Drcbœ n‡q‡Q|139
ms¯‹…Z-evsjvi m¤úK©: A‡bK fvlvweÁvbxi aviYv evsjv ms¯‥…Z †_‡K D™¢‚Z| G K_v XvjvI fv‡e †g‡b †bIqv
hvq bv| KviY ms¯‥…Z KLbB mvavi‡Yi gy‡Li fvlv wQj bv| cZÄwj Kw_Z †Kej wkó mgv‡RB Gi eënvi
mxwgZ wQj| fvlv MwZkxj; engvb b`xi gZB| me©mvavi‡Yi gy‡Li MwZkxj fvlv †_‡KB bZzb fvlv Rb¥v‡Z
cv‡i| wKš‘ ms¯‥…Z GKwU MwZnxb; g„Z cÖvq fvlv| myZivs G fvlv †_‡K evsjv †Kb Ab¨ †Kvb fvlvB D™¢‚Z n‡Z
cv‡i bv| Aciw`‡K ms¯‥…Z †h hy‡M ms¯‥vwiZ nq, †m Kv‡j MYgvby‡li gy‡Li fvlv cÖvK…‡Zi Aw¯ÍZ¡ wQj| Gi
c~e© ¯Í‡i wQj cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© fvlv, Zvi c‡i Av‡m cÖvPxb cÖvK…Z fvlvi cÖPjb| fvlvi avivevwnK
cwieZ©‡bi †¯ªvZavivi d‡j cÖvK…Z †_‡K Acåsk; AZtci Zv †_‡K evsjvi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
Z‡e ms¯‥…‡Zi mv‡_ evsjvi m¤úK© eû cÖvPxb| wb‡¤œi QK †_‡K ms¯‥…Z-evsjvi m¤ú‡K©i cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh©
ms¯‥„Z Avw`g cÖvK…Z
cÖvPxb cÖvK…Z
cÖvK…Z
Acåsk
evsjv
gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K Acås‡ki gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvi D™¢e e‡j hviv AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb I hyyw³ †ck
K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Dc¯’vwcZ hyw³ LÐb c~e©K W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn e‡jb- evsjv, wenvix, Dwoqv I Anwgqv
fvlv gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K Drcbœ nqwb|140 cÖvPxb Avh© fvlv ms¯‥„Z ev gvMax cÖvK…Z Gi †KvbwU †_‡KB
mivmwi evsjv fvlvi Rb¥ nqwb| Zv n‡j †Kvb fvlv †_‡K evsjv fvlvi DrcwË ? evsjv fvlvi DrcwËi
e¨vcv‡i cwÐZ‡ì g‡a¨ eûgZ141 cwijwÿZ n‡jI fvlvwe` W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni g‡Z, evsjvi m‡½ †M․ox
cÖvK…‡Zi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| G †M․ox cÖvK…Z †_‡K †h Aås‡ki D™¢e n‡q‡Q Zvi bvg †M․o Acåsk| ZvB
wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, †M․ox cÖvK…‡Zi cieZx© ¯Íi G †M․o Acåsk †_‡KB cÖvPxb evsjvi D™¢e| m¤¢eZ:
G Kvi‡YB evsjv fvlv‡K †M․ox fvlv ejv n‡q‡Q|142 ZvB evsjv fvlvi DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki GKwU
ZvwjKv wb‡gœ cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
139 cÖv¸³, c„. 353

140 gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, ev½vjv fvlvi BwZe„Ë, XvKv : cÖKvkbv ¯’vb D‡jøL †bB, 1965wLª., c„.29
141 †ngP›`ª I ms¯‥…Z cwÐZM‡Yi g‡Z, evsjv fvlv ms¯‥…Z fvlv †_‡K AvMZ| m¨vi RR© MÖxqvimb e‡jb, evsjv gvMax cÖvK„Z †_‡K gvMax
Acås‡ki gva¨‡g D™¢e n‡q‡Q| mybxwZ Kzgvi P‡Ævcva¨vqI GgZ mg_©b K‡ib| W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn Gi g‡Z, ms¯‥„Z wKsev gvMax
cÖvK„Z †_‡K evsjv fvlvi DrcwË nqwb; eis evsjv fvlvi †M․ox cÖvK…Z †_‡K RvZ †M․o Acåsk †_‡K D™¢e n‡q‡Q| (evsjv
mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, c„.353)
142 Aa¨vcK Avwbmy¾vgb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„. 355-358 (we.`ª.)
95
evsjv fvlvi esk cxwVKv143

B‡›`v-B‡qv‡ivcxq g~j fvlv
(INDO-EUROPEAN PARENT SPEECH)
[AvbygvwbK Lªx.c~ 500 Aã]
‡Kš‘g kZg [Lªx.c~ 3500
BZv‡jv †KjwUK wnwËK ZzLvwiK MÖxK ev †n‡jwbK wUDUwbK ev Rvg©vwbK
cÖvPxb MÖxK
BZvwjK ‡KjwUK DËi Rvg©vwbK cwðg Rvg©vwbK
AvaywbK MÖxK
1.iæwbK 1.cÖvPxb D”P Rvg©vwbK
K_¨ jvwZb jvwZb 2.AvBmj¨vÛxq 2.Rvg©vb
Mw_K 3.Bs‡iRx
3.biI‡qRxq
1.BZvjxq 4.Ij›`vR
4.myBWxq
2.divmx ‡MwjK MwjK weªUvwbK 5.‡d¬gxq
5.‡WbgvK©xq 6.wd«Rxq
3.‡¯úbxq BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`
4.cZ©yMxR 1.AvBwik 1.I‡qjk
5.iægvbxq BZ¨vw` 2.¯‥P †MwjK 2.weªUb
3.g¨v¼&m BZ¨vw` 3.KwY©m BZ¨vw`
Avh© ev B‡›`v-Bivbxq [Lªx.c~ 1200] Avjevbxq Avg©vbxq evj‡Zv køvfbxq
cÖvPxb Avjevbxq cÖvPxb Avg©vbxq

fviZxq [Lªx.c~ 1200] Bivbxq `vi`xq
AvaywbK Avjevbxq AvaywbK Avgv©bxq
1.Av‡e¯Íxq 1.evkMjx
‣ew`K cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© 2 cÖvPxb dvimx 2.Kjvk
3.cnjex 3.cvmB evjZxq køvfbxq
4.AvaywbK dvimx 4.wZ‡ivnx
5.ckZz 5.‡Lvqvi 1.cÖvPxb cÖxkxq 1.iækxq
ms¯‥…Z K_¨ cÖvPxb fviZxq Avh© 6. evjyPx 6.wlYv 2.wj_yqvbxq 2.eyj‡Mixq
7. Kzw`©¯Ívbx 7.wPÎjx
[Avw`g cÖvK…Z Lªx.c~ 800] BZ¨vw`
3.‡jU BZ¨vw` 3.‡PK
8.‡Kvwn¯Ívbx 4.‡cvj
9.Kvkgxix 5.mv‡e©v‡µvqvU BZ¨vw`
cÖvPxb Dw`P¨ cÖvPxb †kxi‡mbx cÖvK…Z cvwj [Lªx.c~ 500] A‡kvK wjwci fvlv cÖvPxb cÖvP¨
Dw`P¨ cÖvK…Z †kxi‡mbx cÖvK…Z

gnvivóªxq cÖvK…Z Aa©gvMax cÖvK…Z gvMax cÖvK…Z cÖvPxb wmsnjx ‡M․ox cÖvK…Z
Dw`P¨ Acåsk †kxi‡mbx Acåsk gnvivóª Acåsk Aa©gvMa Acåsk gvMa Acåsk
AvaywbK wmsnjx gvjØxc
1.wm›ax 1.wn›`x-D`©y 1.AvIax
2.jvn›`x BZ¨vw` 2.cvÄvex 1.gvivVx ‡ew`qv
3.eªR fvlv 2.‡Kv¼bx 2.QwËkMox ‡M․o Acåsk
4.ivR¯’vbx
5.¸RivZx
6.‡bcvjx wenvix cÖvPxb Dwoqv e½ Kvgiƒc
Dwoqv
1.‣gw_jx Avmvgxqv evsjv
2.gMnx
3.‡fvRcywi
qv
143 W. KvRx `xb gynv¤§`, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, XvKv : ÷z‡W›U I‡qR, 1968wLª., L.1, c„. 84-85 (we.`ª.)
96
3.9.3 evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

evsjv mvwn‡Zï nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnvm AZxZ cÖvPxb n‡jI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm ZZ cÖvPxb
bq| M‡elYvq †`Lv ‡M‡Q, evsjv fvlvi Avw`hyM ev cÖvPxb hyM (AvbygvwbK 650wLª.gZvšÍ‡i 950wLª.-
1200wLª.) I ga¨ hy‡M (1201wLª.-1800wLª.) evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi †Zgb †Kvb wb`k©b Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq
bv; Z‡e AvaywbK hy‡Mi (1801 wLª.-eZ©gvb Kvj) m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v i wKQz wKQz
wb`k©b cvIqv hvq| wesk kZvãx‡Z G‡m evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq e¨vcK MwZ mÂvwiZ nq| evsjv fvlvi
BwZnv‡mi euv‡K euv‡K bex Kixg (mv.) Gi gyLwbm„Z Agxq evYx G fvlv‡Z KLb Kx cwigv‡Y PP©v n‡qwQj
Zv Lyu‡R †ei KivB n‡jv G cwi‡”Q‡ì D‡Ïk¨|
K. evsjv fvlvi cÖvPxb hyM (650wLª.-1200 wLª.) I nv`xm PP©v
AvbygvwbK 650wLª. gZvšÍ‡i 950wLª. †_‡K 1200 wLªóvã ch©šÍ evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb hyM| G hy‡M
gvÎ Ph©vc` Qvov Ab¨‡Kvb mvwnZ¨ K‡g©i wb`k©b cvIqv hvq bv| GUvB evsjv fvlvi m„R¨gvb Kvj| 144
cÖvPxb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wn›`y wKsev gymwjg‡ì f~wgKv wQj bv, Zv wQj †e․×‡ì Øviv m„ó Ph©vc`| ZvB G
mgqKv‡j evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi †Kvb wb`k©b Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e G †`‡k Ab¨ fvlvq nv`xm PP©v
h‡_ó cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
ZzwK© Avgj: (1203-1350wLª.)
BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi wLjRx KZ©„K e½ weR‡qi (1203 wLª.) A‡bK Av‡MB G AÂ‡j
Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv Z_v KziAvb-nv`x‡mi †R¨vwZ we”QzwiZ n‡q wQj| KviY e½ weR‡qi eûc~e© †_‡KB
ga¨cÖvP¨ †_‡K AvMZ A‡bK Avwjg-Ijvgv, gynvwÏm I Øx‡bi `vÔC G AÂ‡j Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii KvR Pvwj‡q
hvw”Q‡jb| †hgb: gvwnmy‡bi gvIjvbv ZKx DÏxb Aviex Ges Î‡qv`k kZvãxi †klfv‡M †mvbviMvuI‡q
kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvi gvìvmv ZrKv‡j Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡L| 145 Z‡e e½
weR‡qi ci gymwjg kvm‡bi cÖvi‡¤¢ †ek wKQzKvj hver mvwnZ¨-mvs¯‥„wZK Kg© †Zgb DrKl© mvwaZ nqwb|
L. evsjv fvlvi ga¨hyM (1201-1800 wLª.) I nv`xm PP©v

†MŠwoq myjZvbx Avgj (1350-1575)
Î‡qv`k kZK: evsjvi myjZvb wMqvm DÏxb Avhg kv‡ni Avgj n‡Z evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©v Avi¤¢
nq| Zv Aóv`k kZvãxi ga¨fvM ch©šÍ gymwjg‡ì †mevq, `v‡b, mvnv‡h¨ I mnvbyf~wZ‡Z evsjv fvlv bvbv
†M․i‡e mg„× n‡Z _v‡K| evsjv fvlvi cÖ_g gymwjg Kwe kvn gynv¤§` mMxi Avhg kv‡ni ivRZ¡Kv‡j
ÔBDmyd RywjLvÕ †ivgw›UK Kve¨ iPbv K‡i L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| ga¨hy‡Mi wn›`y mvwnwZ¨K‡ì iwPZ mg¯Í
mvwnZ¨Kg©B GKvšÍ ag©wfwËK| G hy‡M GKgvÎ gymwjg KweMYB gvby‡li myL-`ytL I †cÖg-cÖxwZ wb‡q
†ivgvw›UK Kvwnbx I Kve¨ mvwn‡Zï cÖeZ©b K‡ib| †Kej im m„wói Rb¨ iwPZ iPbv¸‡jv cwic~Y©fv‡e
i‡mvËxY© Ges Abycg Kve¨ †m․›`h©gwÐZ| †m mvwnZ¨ ZrKvjxb mgvR gvb‡mi cÖwZ”Qwe eY©vXïƒ‡c
cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Î‡qv`k kZvwãi Kwe ivgvBcwÐZ Zvi Òk~Y¨ cyivYÓ Kv‡eï ÔwbiÄ‡bi iæ®§vÕ KweZvq
cÖ_g gynv¤§` (mv.) cÖm½ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
eª²v •njv gnvg` weòz •njv †cKv¤î
Avb›` •nj¨v k~jcvwb
M‣Yk •nj¨v MvRx KvwZ©K •nj¨v KvRx
dwKi •nj¨v hZ gywb|
144 W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, Bmjvg cÖm½, XvKv: †i‡bmuv wcÖ›Uvm©, 1967wLª., c„. 12
145 W. Gm. Gg. nvmvb, †mvbviMvuI, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 1989 wLª., c„.13; Abdul karim, Social History of
the Muslims in Bengal, 2nd edition, pp.176-190.
97
cÂ`k kZK: ga¨ hy‡Mi (c‡bi kZ‡Ki) evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g gymwjg Kwe kvn gynv¤§` mMxi (1339-
1409 wLª.)| wZwb †ivgvw›UK Kvwnbx I Kve¨ mvwnZ¨ avivi cÖvPxbZg Kwe| wZwb wcÖq bexi ¯‘wZ ‡M‡q Zvi
Kve¨ ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| ÒBDmyd †RvjvqLvÓ Kv‡eï ïiæ‡Z wZwb wj‡L‡Qb,
wRevZ¥v cigvZ¥v †gvnv¤§` bvg
cÖ_g cÖKvk Z_v •njv qbycg \
h_ BwZ wRe Avw` •Kj wÎ‡fveb|
Zvici †gvnv¤§` gvwYK¨ m„Rb \
gyNj Avgj (1575-1800)
‡lvok kZK: G kZvãx‡Z kvn evix` Lvb, †`․jZ DwRi evnivg Lvb, †kL dqRyjøvn, †kL civb,
AvdRvj Avjx, •mq` myjZvb, †kL Pv›`, †`vbvMYR †P․ayix, gynv¤§` Kexi, gyRvw¤§j, nvRx gyn v¤§`,
ZvRywÏb gynv¤§` cÖgy‡Li iPbv GKK •ewkó¨ weivRgvb| Zb¥‡a¨ †lvok kZ‡Ki gymwjg Kwe, evsjvq mxivZ
mvwn‡Zï iƒcKvi •mq` myjZvb (1550-1648 wLª.)| wZwb gnvbexi (mv.) ag© cÖPvi I hy‡×i Kvwnbx wb‡q
Òim~j weRqÓ Kve¨ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G Qvov wZwb Aviex cwÐZ mvÔjvex iwPZ Kvmvmyj Avw¤^qv Gi
fvevbyev` Aej¤^‡b Òbex eskÓ iPbv K‡ib| GwU Zvi me©e„nr I me©‡kÖô Kve¨MÖš’| G‡Z cÖ_g bex Av`g
(Av) †_‡K †kl bex gynv¤§` (mv.) ch©šÍ we‡kl we‡kl bex‡ì Rxeb K_v D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| Z‡e gnvbexi
(mv.) gvnvZ¥ cÖPvi I cÖKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨B Zvi G MÖš’Lvb iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI ÒIdv‡Z ivm~jÓ I Òim~j
PwiZÓ BZ¨vw` Kve¨MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb bex es‡ki wØZxq L‡Ð nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) I nhiZ Lvw`Rv
(iv) Gi ïfcwiYq cÖm‡½ D‡jøL K‡ib-
myRwb Pvì w`jv ewm‡Z weweMY|
nxiv Rwi Pv‡›`vqv †h gvwYK¨ †cvLg \
wPwb Avw` mK©iv Av½yi †Lvigvb|
N„Z gay `wa `y» Ag„Z mgvb|
Lvmx eKix `y¤^v Avi DU †h cÖavb|
‡gRvqvbx Kwi‡jšÍ GevR mgvb \
ÔÁvb cÖ`xcÕ Kv‡eï ïiæ‡Z wZwb ivm~‡ji cÖkw¯Í K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e-
cÖ_‡g cÖfyi bvg Kwi G ¯§iY
AvVvi nvRvi Avjg hvi m„Rb|
wØZxq G jB gy¯Ídv cqM¤î
hvi wmdZ Av‡Q †ivR gnvki|
hZb Kwi awi G ivm~j `ycv G
Av‡L‡i GovBqv hw` wnmv‡ei `vG|Ó
G QvovI ga¨ hy‡Mi (‡lvok kZ‡Ki) †M․‡oi myjZvb BDmyd kv‡ni ìev‡ii evsjv mvwn‡Zï weL¨vZ
gymwjg Kwe •RbyÏxb (1474-1481 wLª.) I wewi` Lvb (1480-1550 wLª.) ÒivQzj weRqÓ bv‡g Avjv`v
Avjv`v Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib| Kwe •hbyÏxb wj‡Lb-
Zvui cv‡Q gv‡M mvR bex iv‡Rk¦i|
gyKzZv gwÐZ ZvR AwZ g‡bvni
jvj †h KvevB †kv‡f wRwb wèvKi|
cÖfzi cig mfv cig my›ì|
Abyiƒcfv‡e Kwe kvn wewi` Lvb wj‡L‡QbÑ
mv wewi` Lvb K‡n iQyj weRq|
ïwb eya KY© cywi myav evwi Lvq \
98
ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤^qvÕ MÖš’ Aej¤^‡b Kwe †kL Pv›` (1560 - 1645 wLª.) •mq` myjZvb Gi ÔiQzj weRqÕ Gi
avivq gnvbexi (mv.) Rxe‡b msNwUZ wewfbœ hy×-weMÖn I Zvui Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Kvwnbx wb‡q ÔiQzj weRqÕ
bv‡g GKwU PwiZ Kve¨ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Zvi Kv‡eï ïiæ‡ZB wj‡L‡QbÑ
Avjøv‡nv MwY †gvnv¤§` bex
iQzjbvgv wKZve Lvwb Kwnjvg G‡e
Kv Gqv gb nBqv †mvb Kwijvg m‡e|Ó
•mq` gZ©yRv (1590 Ñ 1662 wLª.) Zuvi Ô‡hvM Kvj›ìÕ cyw_wU Gfv‡e ïiæ K‡i‡QbÑ
ÒcÖ_g cÖYvg Kwi cÖfz wbiÄb|
Zvi cv‡Q cÖYvwg‡q bexi PiY \Ó
ZvRywÏb gynv¤§` Zvi ÔKvmv‡mvj Avw¤^qvÕ Kv‡e¨ D‡jøL K‡ibÑ
†Kvb wPR Av‡M cq`v Kwij ieŸvbv|
Kwn‡jb imyjyjøvn mevi ûRyi|
Av‡M Avjøvn cq`v •Kj Avcbvi b~i \
¸ßiƒ‡c GKv h‡e wQj ciIqvi|
‡mB b~i we‡b wQj me •bivKvi \
Avcb KzìZ Av‡M Kwi‡Z Rv‡ni|
‡m b~‡i Avgvi b~i cq`v •Kj †di
Avgvi b~‡i‡Z cq`v Zvgvg Rvnvb|
Avik Kziwk jIn jv-gvKvb
†lvok kZ‡Ki †kÖô Kwe Ges AvivKvb ivRmfvi KweM‡Yi g‡aÏ †kÖô‡Z¡i `vex`vi Kwe AvjvIj
(1597-1673) Zvui ÔcÙveZxÕ Kv‡eï ïiæ‡Z (nRi‡Zi †Qd‡Zi eqvb) D×„Z n‡jv Ñ
Ôc~‡e©‡Z AvwQj cÖfz •biƒc AvKvi|
Bw”Q‡jK wbR mLv Ki‡Z cÖPvi \
wbR mLv gynv¤§` cÖ_‡g m„wRjv|
‡mB †m †R¨vwZi g~‡j feb wbiwgjv \
Zvnvi wcwi‡Z cÖfz m„wRj msmvi|
Avc‡b Kwn‡Q cÖfz †Kvivb gvSvi \Ó
G QvovI AvjvI‡ji Ò‡ZvndvÓ(1663-1664) Kve¨ MÖ‡š’i mßg Aa¨v‡q i‡q‡Q hvKvZ I `v‡bi dwhjZ
m¤úwK©Z nv`xm kix‡diB fvevbyev`| †hgb- hvKvZ `v‡b m¤ú` cweÎ nIqv, †Mvc‡b `vb Kiv, `v‡b
m¤ú` e„w× cvIqv Ges evjv-gywmeZ `~i nIqvi wel‡q my¯úófv‡e nv`xm kix‡d DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Kwei
fvlvq †m nv`x‡miB cÖwZaŸwb ïbv hv‡”Q,
RvKvZ bv †`q †h ev bv K‡i bvgvh
bv cvBe iZœ Uz½x †e‡n‡¯Íi gvS \
LqivZ Kwie †h cweÎ wbR a‡b
cwi‡Z RvKvZ ab bv •je myR‡b \
AcweÎ a‡b `vb cyY¨ bvwn iwZ
hw` cyY¨ Avkv K‡i cvc ev‡o AwZ \
Avgvi ePb hw` AcÖZ¨‡q gb
wKZve †ZvndvLvwb Ki wbixÿY \
¸ß`v‡b Avqy e„w× nqwbivc`
†Lv`vq nBe ivwR, evovq m¤ú` \
`v‡b e¨vwa bvk nq, L‡Ð weNœ‡`vl
Ck¦‡ii †iv‡l LwÐ Rb¥vq m‡šÍvl \
99
Bs‡iR Avgj: (1765-1947)

1757 mv‡j cjvkx cÖvšÍ‡i evsjvi ¯âxbZvi m~h© A¯ÍwgZ nIqvi ci cÖvq `yÔkZ eQi ivR‣bwZK Aw¯’iZvi
Kvi‡Y G mgqwU‡Z i‡mvËxY© †Kvb mvwnZ¨ m„wó nqwb| civwRZ gymwjgviv Bs‡iR †ebxqv‡ì mv‡_ nvZ
†gjv‡Z cv‡ibwb| cv‡ibwb Zv‡ì kvmb-‡kvlY wbðz‡c †g‡b wb‡ZI| Zviv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b bvbvfv‡e
Bs‡iR‡ì weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z jvM‡jb Ges Awfgv‡b Zv‡ì cÖewZ©Z Bs‡iwR wkÿv N„Yvf‡i
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡jb| d‡j Bs‡iR‡ì cÖkvmwbK KvR-Kg©mn mKj †ÿ‡Î Zviv ewÂZ n‡jb Ges myPZzi
wn›`yiv Zv‡ì ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡jb| `~i`k©x Bs‡iRiv GUv fv‡jv fv‡e Abyaveb K‡iwQj †h, †Kvb RvwZ‡K
civaxb K‡i ivL‡Z n‡j †m RvwZi ag©, mvwnZ¨, K…wó-KvjPvi‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z nq| ZvB †`Lv hvq,
Bs‡iRiv Aviex, dvimx wgwkÖZ I Bmjvgx fveavivi evsjvi MY gvby‡li mvwnZ¨‡K cðv‡Z †d‡j
ms¯‥…Zeûj wn›`y fveavivi †¯ªv‡Z cÖevwnZ mvwnZ¨ m„wói c„ô‡cvlKZv Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1800 mv‡j †dvU©
DBwjqvg K‡jR ¯’vcb Zvi GKwU RjšÍ `„óvšÍ| Aciw`‡K dvimxi e`‡j B‡iwR‡K ivóª fvlvq DbœxZ Kivq
gymwjg RbZv wkÿv-mvwnZ¨ I Kg©ms¯’v‡b wcwQ‡q c‡o|
m‡Zi kZK: G kZvãx‡Z gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡ikx gvMb VvKzi, gi`j, gynv¤§` Lvb, bmiæjøvn
Lvb, †kL †gvËvwje, †kL mKxi, Avãyj Avãyj nvwKg, •mq` gynv¤§` AvKei, gynv¤§` bIqvwRk Lvb, g½j
Puv`, Kgi Avjx, Ave`yj bex I †kL †kievR †P․ayix cÖgy‡Li bvg AMÖMY¨| Zb¥‡a¨ Kwe gynv¤§` Lvb bexi
fv‡jvevmv cÖm‡½ Ôgy³vj †nv‡mbÕ Kv‡eï ïiæ‡Z wj‡L‡Qb Ñ
Ògynv¤§` bex bvg ü`‡q Mvuw_qv|
cvcxMY cwiYv‡g hvB‡e Zwiqv|
`qvi Avavi bex K…cvi mvMi|
evLvb Kwi‡Z Zvi mva¨ Av‡Q Kvi \
hvi †cÖ‡g gy» n‡q Av‡c wbiÄb|
m„wó w¯’wZ Kwi‡jb G †P․Ï fzeb|Ó
•mq` nvgRv (1755 Ñ 1815 wLª.) im~j cÖkw¯Í Gfv‡e K‡i‡QbÑ
Ògynv¤§` bv‡g bex m„Rb Kwiqv|
Avcbvi b~‡i Zuv‡K ivwLjv QvcvBqv|Ó
AvVv‡iv kZK: G kZ‡K †`vfvlx cyuw_ bvgK Aviex-dvimx-D`©-y wnw›` wgwkÖZ fvlvq GKwU bZzb Kveävivi
m„wó nq| ivgvqY-gnvfvi‡Zi AbyKi‡Y gymwjg exiMvu_vi GB we‡kl Avw½K G mgq †ek RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡iwQj| G avivi Ab¨Zg cÖavb Kwe dwKi Mixeyjøvn, nvqvZ gvgy`, •mq` nvghv cÖg~L| G hy‡Mi mvwnZ¨
Kvb‡b hviv cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gynv¤§` Kvwkg, KvRx †kL gbmyi, gyn v¤§` DwRi Avjx, †kL
mv`x, Avjx ivRv Ii‡d evjy dwKi, gynv¤§` ivRv, mg‡ki Avjx, kvweŸi gvmy`, Avãyj Kwik †Lv›`Kvi,
•mq` byiæÏxb, gynv¤§` idx DwÏb, gynv¤§` AvKxj, •mq` bvmxi, gynv¤§` gywKg, gynv¤§` bex, Ave`ym
mvgv`, civMj, nvRx Avjx, gynv¤§` Avjx, †Mvjvg im~j, eyinvbyjøvn cÖgy‡Li bvg Aÿq n‡q i‡q‡Q|
M. evsjv fvlvi AvaywbK hyM I nv`xm PP©v (1801 wLª.-eZ©gvb)
Dwbk kZK: 1857 mv‡ji wmcvnx wecø‡ei ci hLb gymwjg‡ì c‡ÿ †`k cybiæ×v‡ii Avi †Kvb c_
†Lvjv _vKj bv, ZLb fvM¨ weow¤^Z gymwjg ga¨weË mgv‡Ri KwZcq cÖwZfvevb mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Avwef©ve
N‡U| wej‡¤^ n‡jI gymwjg‡ì HwZn¨, K…wó-KvjPvi, Zvnhxe-ZgÏyb m‡PZb, Bmjvg I gymwjg Rxeb,
wPšÍv-‡PZbvi †ÿ‡Î be †cÖiYvi mÂvi K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gxi †gvkviid †nv‡mb gymwjg HwZn¨ I
ms¯‥…wZ mg„× mvwnZ¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| gnvKve¨ avivq Kvq‡Kvev`, •mq` BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx,
Kve¨Dcb¨v‡m †kL dRjyj Kixg, †gvRv‡¤§j nK, cÖe‡Ü BqvKze Avjx †P․ayix, gvIjvbv AvKivg Luv, W.
100
gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, Wvt jyrdi ingvb, †gvn¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx, gywReyi ingvb Luv, †kL dRjyj Kixg, KvRx
Bg`v`yj nK, †eMg †iv‡Kqv mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb, Kwe kvnv`vr †nv‡mb, †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv, Rmxg D``xb
cÖgy‡Li Mí, Dcb¨vm, Kve¨, bvUK, cÖeÜ mvwn‡Z¨ ev½vjx gymwjg‡ì wPšÍv-‡PZbvi D‡b¥l jÿŸxq|
G avivB mg„× nq †gvn¤§` eiKZ Djøvn, †kL nvweeyi ingvb, Aveyj †nv‡mb, KvRx Avãyj Iqv`y`, KvRx
†gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb, Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, gvneyeyj Avjg, Aveyj dRj, Beivnxg Lvu,
Gbvgyj nK cÖgy‡Li mvwnZ¨ mvabvq| G mgqB Avwef©~Z nb behy‡Mi bvqK we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg
(1899-1976)| KvRx bRiæj Bmjv‡gi DËim~ix diiæL Avng`, kvnv`vZ †nv‡mb, Avãyj Kvwì, Avnmvb
nvexe, †eMg mywdqv Kvgvj, †ebRxi Avng`, Aveyj †nv‡mb, kv‡n` Avjx, •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, Zvmwjg
†nv‡mb, gwnDwÏb, gybxi †P․ayix, gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB, W. KvRx `xb gyn¤§` cÖgy‡Li bvg we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
G hy‡M ag©xq †PZbvq DØy× n‡q, agx©q welqe¯‘ wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK MÖš’| KziAvb, nv`xm, wdKn
m¤úK©xq eû Abyev` I †g․wjK mvwnZ¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G avivq Aveyj nvwkg, W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, gvIjvbv
AvKivg Luv, gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg, Avãyj nvwKg, •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg,
gynv¤§` Avqyë Avjx, gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, AvwjgyÏxb, gvIjvbv gynxDÏxb Lvb, nvmvb Rvgvb, W.
KvRx `xb gyn¤§`, gwRei ingvb, Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje, kvgmyj Avjg, Avãyj Mdzi, nv‡dR gBbyj
Bmjvg, nvmvb Avãyj KvBqyg cÖgy‡Li `vb evsjv fvlvq Aÿq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| 146 Zv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K
hv‡ì mvwnZ¨ K‡g© nv`xm welqK mivmwi wKsev fveg~jK ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q Zvi wKQz D`vniY wb‡¤œ
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
‡gvnv¤§` mv‡`K Avjx (1801-1862 wLª.): evsjv mvwn‡Zï AvaywbK hy‡Mi m~Pbv c‡e© evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi wb`k©b m¦iƒc Kv‡e¨ mxivZ PP©vi mÜvb cvIqv hvq| †gvnv¤§` mv‡`K Avjx (1801-1862 wLª.) cÖYxZ
ÔnvjvZzbœweÕ 1874wLª.cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU GKwU Kv‡e¨ mxivZ MÖš’; hv wm‡jUx bvMix ni‡d iwPZ n‡qwQj|
c‡i Zv evsjvq AÿivšÍwiZ K‡ib †gvnv¤§` BDmyd| R‣bK Avßve (AvdZve) wgqv KZ©„K evsjv ms¯‥iYwU
wm‡jU †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| fvlv •kjxi w`K †_‡KI Kve¨ Lvwb †`vfvlx cyuw_i m¦‡MvÎxq| †hgb- nhi‡Zi
(mv.) R‡b¥i eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q Kwe e‡jb,
bex †gvn¤§` cq`v nBjv hLb|
Rwgb AvQgvb ZK nBjv iækb||
‡mKv‡j mvM‡i cvwbbv Pwjj †¯ªv‡Z|
cï-cÿx bvwn cv‡i Dc‡i Dwo‡Z||147
G kZ‡K hviv G avivq mvwnZ¨ mvabv Ki‡Zb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ gyn¤§` Pzni, gv‡j gyn¤§`, Avwid, gyn¤§` `v‡bk
ZwgRx, gyn¤§` Lv‡Zi, †Rvbve Avjx, KvRx nvmbZ Avjx †P․ayix, AvwgiæwÏb, Avãyi inxg cÖgyL bvg Kiv
hvq| ga¨ hy‡Mi Avi GKwU aviv n‡jv evsjvi HwZnëvnx †jvK mvwnZ¨| hv Qov, avav, wKse`šÍxi Mí-
Kvwnbxi †e`bv wbweo cjøxMv_v I cjøxMxwZ evsjv mvwnZ¨ fvÐvi‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| G avivq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb
gbm~i eqvZx, nvmb ivRv, jvjb dwKi, dwKi gRby kvn mn Av‡iv bvg bv Rvbv A‡bK Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K|
Zb¥‡a¨ evDj Kwe jvjb dwK‡ii GKwU Mv‡b bex‡cÖ‡gi wb`k©b ¯îƒc D×„Z n‡jv-
imyj‡K wPb‡j c‡i
†Lv`v wPbv hvq
iƒc fvov‡q †`k †eov‡q
†M‡jb †mB `qvgq
146 †gvkviid †nv‡mb Lvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg Ae`vb, W.KvRx `xb gynv¤§`, Ôevsjv fvlvi weKv‡k gymjgvb‡ì
Ae`vbÕ XvKv: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, 1998 wLª., c„.136-37 (we.`ª.)
147 gynv¤§` gbm~i DÏxb, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg mvabv, L.2, XvKv: 1371e½vã, c„. 69-71 (we.`ª.)
101
gv‡V-Nv‡U ivmy‡j‡i,
†gN iq †h Qvqv a‡i \
1902 mv‡j gxi †gvkviid †nv‡m‡bi (1847-1912) m¤úv`bvq Ô‡gŠjy` kixdÕ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ
nq| Zvi iwPZ RbwcÖq G MÖš’wU‡Z Zvi bex‡cÖ‡gi cwiPq †g‡j-
Zzwg †n GQjvg iwe
nvweeyjøvn †kl bex
bZwk‡i †Zvgvq †mwe
†gvnv¤§` Gqv ivQzjyjøvn|
Zzwg mZ¨ D×vwi‡j
gnvË¡ cÖKvwk‡j,
cÖfz-evYx ïbvB‡j,
†gvnv¤§` Gqv ivQzjøvn \
gybkx †g‡niæjøvn (1861-1907) Gi iPbvejx‡ZI bexi cÖwZ Mfxi †cÖg-fv‡jvevmv I cÖksmvi mÜvb †g‡j-
MvI‡i †gv‡¯øgMY bex ¸Y MvI‡i
civY fwiqv m‡e Qv‡jø Avjv MvI‡i|
†h †`‡k †h †f‡m †h †`‡k‡Z hvI‡i
MvI MvI MvI m‡e Qv‡jø Avjv MvI‡i \
†kL dRjj Kwig (1882-1936) nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (mv.) Gi Rxeb Kvwnbx Aej¤^‡b ÒcwiÎvY Kve¨Ó
wk‡ivbv‡g AmvaviY GKwU Kve¨ iPbv K‡ib| Kve¨wU 1903 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq| g°v-g`xbvq Bmjvg
cÖwZôvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbvejx G Kv‡eï welqe¯‘| G Kv‡eï cÖ_g m‡M©: g`xbv wnRiZc~e© nhiZ
†gvnv¤§`‡K (mv.) Kv‡diMY nZ¨vi wm×všÍ cieZx© eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| 2q m‡M©: bex (mv.) Zvi mvnvev‡ì‡K
Avk¦¯’ K‡ib †h, m‡Zï Rq wbðqB n‡e, †hgwbfv‡e Av‡jv G‡j AÜKvi AcmvwiZ nq, †Zgwb Bmjv‡gi
cÖmv‡i µgvš^‡q c„w_ex †_‡K cvc Ges AKj¨vY `~ixf~Z n‡e| 3q m‡M©: Avey Rvnvj I Avey mywdqv‡bi
†bZ„‡Z¡ `viæb bvÌqvi •eV‡K bex‡K (mv.) nZ¨vi cwiKíbv ev¯Íevqb cÖm‡½; 4_© m‡M©: nhiZ Avjx‡K (iv)
kh¨vq †i‡L KzivBk‡ì A‡MvP‡i gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi g°v Z¨vM; 5g m‡M©: KzivB‡ki †ÿv‡fi Av¸b I gynv¤§`
(mv.) Avey eKi‡K (iv) wb‡q mvIi ¸nvq AvZ¥‡Mvcb| 6ô m‡M©: g°vi Avey mywdqvbM„‡n civgk© mfv| 7g
m‡M©: g`xbvi gmwR` cÖv½‡b gymwjg‡ì fwel¨r cwiKíbv| 8g m‡M©: giæi c‡_ KzivBk‡ì AMÖmi| 9g
m‡M©: wMwik„½Z‡j gnvbex Mfxi wPšÍvq gMœ| 10g m‡M©: eì hy‡× gymwjg‡ì Rq| GKv`k m‡M©: g`xbv
gmwR` cÖv½‡b civwRZ‡ì wePvi| Øv`k-PZz`©k m‡M©: Iû` hy‡×i cÖ¯‘wZ, hy× I Agymwjg‡ì civRq|
cÂ`k m‡M©: g°vweR‡qi gva¨‡g mZ¨ Øx‡bi P~ovšÍ weRq cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|148
wesk kZK (1901-2000)
1919 wLªóv‡ãi †g msL¨vq ÔmIMZÕ cwÎKvq Kwe kvnv`vr †nv‡mb iwPZ AvaywbK evsjv Kv‡e¨ ivm~j kv‡b
wb‡ew`Z ÔnRiZ †gvnv¤§` (`.)Õ KweZvwU cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z bexi †niv¸nvq Ae¯’vb Kv‡j Zvui Ici Inx
bvwh‡ji NUbv m¤úwK©Z nv`x‡mi fvevbyev` cwijwÿZ nq| †hgb-
Zz½ †nivi AÜ ¸nvq gMœ iwnqv Mfxi a¨v‡b,
mvÿvr jvwf ¯^M© `~‡Z‡i awi‡j gnvb mZ¨Áv‡b|
c~R¨ b‡ii gvÎ †mRb RMr wecyj m„wó hvi
Rvb‡j gvb‡e Avjøv e¨ZxZ bvwnK Zvnvi bg¨-cv‡Z
mZ¨ gnvb a‡g©i †R¨vwZt †nwij gvbe Rxeb-cÖv‡Z|
148 gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë, cÖv¸³, c„.239-41
102
wek¦bexÕi †jLK whwb M‡`¨-c‡`¨ mgvbfv‡e cvi½g, bw›`Z Kwe †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (1897-1964) ivm~‡ji
kv‡b PgrKvi Kve¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb-
wbwL‡ji wPimy›ì m„wó
Avgvi †gvn¤§` im~j|
†hb GKwU †dvUv dzj \
evsjv wgjv` kix‡d ev½vjxiv †h Q‡›` Zv‡ì wcÖq bex (mv.) cÖwZ cÖvYf‡i (KziAvb-nv`xm wb‡`©wkZ) †h
mvjvZ-mvjvg wb‡e`b K‡i Zv ZviB m„wó Kve¨ myav| †hgb-
Bqv bex mvjvg AvjvqKv
Bqv ivm~j mvjvg AvjvqKv|
-------------------------
-------------------------
Zzwg †h b~‡ii iwe
wbwL‡ji a¨v‡bi Qwe
Zzwg bv G‡j `ywbqvq
Avuav‡i WzweZ mwe \
G kZvãxi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ me©cøvex cÖwZfvi aviK, we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (1899-1976) iwPZ
Ômvnviv‡Z dzUj‡i dzj iwOb ¸‡j jvjvÕ,ÔBmjv‡gi H mI`v j‡qÕ,Ô†Zviv †`‡L hv Avwgbv gv‡qi
†Kv‡jÕ,Ô‣mq‡` g°x g`bxÕ,ÔKvevi wRqvi‡Z Zzwg †K hvI gw`bvqÕ,Ô‡Z․wn‡ì gywk©` Avgvi gyn¤§‡ì
bvgÕ,ÔAvwg hw` Avie nZvg g`xbviB c_Õ BZ¨vw` evsjv Kve¨RM‡Z ivm~j †cÖ‡gi GK be w`M‡šÍi m~Pbv
K‡i‡Q| we‡lkZ: Zvi Ò†Lqvcv‡ii ZiYxÓ KweZvq gnvbexi mybœvn fiv Zix gywgb Rxe‡bi cv‡_q wn‡m‡e
D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb-
cyY¨ c‡_i G †h hvÎxiv wb®úvc
a‡g©wi e‡g© my-iwÿZ w`j mvc|
b‡n Giv kw¼Z eRª-wbcv‡ZI
KvÐvix Avng`; Zix fiv cv‡_q?
AZ:ci hLb 1920 mv‡j Ô‡gvm‡jg fviZÕ cwÎKvq ÔdvwZnv-B-‡`vqvR`ng: Avwef©veÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| wVK
Gi c‡ii eQi D³ cwÎKvq GKB mgq cÖKvwkZ nq ÔdvwZnv-B-‡`vqvR`ng: Avwef©veÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
AmvaviY `ywU KweZv| cÖ_g (Avwef©ve) KweZvsk wb¤œiƒcÑ
bvB Zv-R
ZvB jv-R?
I‡i gymwjg, LR©yi-kx‡l †Zviv mvR|
K‡i Zmwjg ni KzwY©‡k †kvi Av-IqvR
†kvb †Kvb gyR`v †m D”Pv‡i Ô‡nivÕ AvR
aiv gvS!
DiR q¨vgb bR` †nhvR Zvnvgv BivK kvg
‡g‡mi Igvb wZnivb-¯§wi Kvnvi weivU bvg,
c‡o mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn mvjøvg|
P‡j AvÄvg
†`v‡j ZvÄvg
†Lv‡i ni-cix wdi`vD‡mi nv¤§vg|
U‡j Kuv‡Li Kj‡m KImi fi, nv‡Z Ave Rg Rg|
103
†kvb `vgvg Kvgvb Zvgvg mvgvb

wb‡N©vwl Kvi bvg
c‡o mvjøvjøvû Avjvqwn mvjøvg|
Kwe Avãyj Kvwì (1906-148) Zvi Ògvby‡li †mevÓ bvgK KweZvq mivmwi Ògymwjg kix‡diÓ149 GKwU
nv`x‡mi ûeû evsjv Kve¨vbyev` jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb- Kwei fvlvq,
nvk‡ii w`b ewj‡eb †Lv`v- †n Av`g mšÍvb
Zzwg †gv‡i †mev Ki bvB h‡e wQby †iv‡M AÁvb|
gvbyl ewj‡e- Zzwg cÖfz KiZvi,
Avgiv †Kg‡b jBe †Zvgvi cwiPh©vi fvi?
ewj‡eb †Lv`v- †`Lwb gvbyl †Ku‡`‡Q †iv‡Mi †Nv‡i,
Zvwi ïkÖælv Kwi‡j Zzwg †h †m_vq cvB‡Z †gv‡i|
†Lv`v ewj‡eb- †n Av`g mšÍvb,
Avwg †P‡qwQby ÿzavq Abœ, Zzwg Ki bvB `vb|
gvbyl ewj‡e- Zzwg RM‡Zi cÖfy,
Avgiv †Kg‡b LvIqve †Zvgv‡i, †m KvR wK nq Kfz?
ewj‡eb †Lv`v- ÿzwaZ ev›`v wM‡qwQj Ze Øv‡i,
†gvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †c‡Z Zzwg Zvnv hw` LvIqvB‡Z Zv‡i|
cybiæwc †Lv`v ewj‡eb- †kvb †n Av`g mšÍvb,
wccvwmZ n‡q wM‡qwQby Avwg, KivI wb cvwb cvb|
gvbyl ewj‡e- Zzwg RM‡Zi ¯^vgx,
†Zvgv‡i †Kg‡b wcqvBe evwi, Aag ev›`v Avwg?
ewj‡eb †Lv`v- Z…òvZ© †Zvgv †W‡KwQj Rj Av‡k,
Zv‡i hw` Rj w`‡Z Zzwg Zvnv cvB‡Z Avgvq cv‡k|
†i‡bmvu Kwe, gymwjg RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z diiæL Avng` (1918-1974) whwb KvRx bRiæj cieZx© wecyj
cÖwZfv Avi ggZ¡ wb‡q wcÖq bexi kv‡b ÒwmivRvg gywbivÓ c~Y©v½ Kve¨MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi fvlvq,
Zzwg bv Avwm‡j gayfvÐvi aivq KL‡bv n‡Zv bv jyU
Zzwg bv Avwm‡j bvwM©m Kfz Lyj‡Zv bv Zvi cY©cyU,
wewPÎ Avkv-gyLi gvïK LyjZ bv Zvi iæ× w`j;
w`‡bi cÖnix w`Z bv miv‡q AveQv Avauvi Kv‡jv wbwLj|
Kwe Zvwjg †nv‡mb (1918-1999): wZwb Zvi ÒingvZywjøj AvjvgxbÓ Kv‡e¨ AacwZZ gvbe Rxe‡bi
DÌvb Kvgbvq nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi KiæYvcÖv_x© n‡q‡Qb| Zvi fvlvq,
KiæYvi †gN Av‡bv †PZbvi Eli cÖvšÍ‡i
hy‡Mi µ›`b †kvb, ivngvZzwjøj Avjvgxb|
mgy`ª wb‡LuvR n‡jv Avw`MšÍ GB evjyP‡i
g„MZ„wòKvi P‡µ K‡É Rv‡M Z…òv AšÍnxb|150
149 ‫ ﻳَﺎ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻳَﺎ ﺍﺑْﻦَ ﺁﺩَﻡَ ﻣَﺮِﺿْﺖُ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗَﻌُﺪْﻧِﻲ‬: ِ‫ " ﺇِﻥَّ ﺍﻟﻠﻪَ ﻋَﺰَّ ﻭَﺟَﻞَّ ﻳَﻘُﻮﻝُ ﻳَﻮْﻡَ ﺍﻟْﻘِﻴَﺎﻣَﺔ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝَ ﺭَﺳُﻮﻝُ ﺍﻟﻠﻪِ ﺻَﻠَّﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻪُ ﻋَﻠَﻴْﻪِ ﻭَﺳَﻠَّﻢ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،َ‫ﻋَﻦْ ﺃَﺑِﻲ ﻫُﺮَﻳْﺮَﺓ‬
َ‫ ﺃَﻣَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻤْﺖَ ﺃَﻧَّﻚَ ﻟَﻮْ ﻋُﺪْﺗَﻪُ ﻟَﻮَﺟَﺪْﺗَﻨِﻲ ﻋِﻨْﺪَ ُﻩ؟ ﻳَﺎ ﺍﺑْﻦ‬،ُ‫ ﺃَﻣَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻤْﺖَ ﺃَﻥَّ ﻋَﺒْﺪِﻱ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻧًﺎ ﻣَﺮِﺽَ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗَﻌُﺪْﻩ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،َ‫ﺭَﺏِّ ﻛَﻴْﻒَ ﺃَﻋُﻮﺩُﻙَ؟ ﻭَﺃَﻧْﺖَ ﺭَﺏُّ ﺍﻟْﻌَﺎﻟَﻤِﻴﻦ‬
‫ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗُﻄْﻌِﻤْﻪُ؟‬،ٌ‫ ﺃَﻣَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻤْﺖَ ﺃَﻧَّﻪُ ﺍﺳْﺘَﻄْﻌَﻤَﻚَ ﻋَﺒْﺪِﻱ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻥ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،َ‫ ﻳَﺎ ﺭَﺏِّ ﻭَﻛَﻴْﻒَ ﺃُﻃْﻌِﻤُﻚَ؟ ﻭَﺃَﻧْﺖَ ﺭَﺏُّ ﺍﻟْﻌَﺎﻟَﻤِﻴﻦ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺁﺩَﻡَ ﺍﺳْﺘَﻄْﻌَﻤْﺘُﻚَ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗُﻄْﻌِﻤْﻨِﻲ‬
: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،َ‫ ﻳَﺎ ﺭَﺏِّ ﻛَﻴْﻒَ ﺃَﺳْﻘِﻴﻚَ؟ ﻭَﺃَﻧْﺖَ ﺭَﺏُّ ﺍﻟْﻌَﺎﻟَﻤِﻴﻦ‬: َ‫ ﻗَﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗَﺴْﻘِﻨِﻲ‬،َ‫ ﻳَﺎ ﺍﺑْﻦَ ﺁﺩَﻡَ ﺍﺳْﺘَﺴْﻘَﻴْﺘُﻚ‬،‫ﺃَﻣَﺎ ﻋَﻠِﻤْﺖَ ﺃَﻧَّﻚَ ﻟَﻮْ ﺃَﻃْﻌَﻤْﺘَﻪُ ﻟَﻮَﺟَﺪْﺕَ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﻋِﻨْﺪِﻱ‬
‫ ﺃَﻣَﺎ ﺇِﻧَّﻚَ ﻟَﻮْ ﺳَﻘَﻴْﺘَﻪُ ﻭَﺟَﺪْﺕَ ﺫَﻟِﻚَ ﻋِﻨْﺪِﻱ‬،ِ‫( ﺍﺳْﺘَﺴْﻘَﺎﻙَ ﻋَﺒْﺪِﻱ ﻓُﻠَﺎﻥٌ ﻓَﻠَﻢْ ﺗَﺴْﻘِﻪ‬Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg, cÖv¸³, nv`xm bs-2569)
150 †gvnv¤§` gvndzR Djøvn, evsjv Kv‡e¨ gymwjg HwZn¨, XvKv: Bdvev, 1965wLª., c„.60
104
wfÿve„wË‡K nv`xm kix‡d wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kL nvweeyi ingvb (R.1891) iwPZ Òbexi wkÿvÓ KweZvq
†m nv`x‡miB cÖwZaŸwb ïbv hvq| †hgb: Zvi fvlvq,
wZb w`b nB‡Z LvB‡Z bv cvB, bvB wKQy †gvi N‡i,
`viv cwievi evwo‡Z Avgvi D‡cvm Kwiqv g‡i|
bvwn cvB KvR ZvB Z¨vwR jvR †eovB wfÿv Kwi|
†n `qvj bex, `vI wKQz †gv‡i bwn‡j civ‡Y gwi|
Avi‡ei bex KiæYvi Qwe wfKvwii cv‡b Pvwn,
‡Kvgj K‡Ú Kwnj, †Zvgvi N‡i wK wKQzB bvwn?
ewjj †m, Av‡Q ïay †gvi Kv‡Q K¤^j GKLvwb|
Kwnj ivm~j, G ÿzwY wM‡q `vI Zvnv †gv‡i Avwb|
m¤^j †gvi K¤^j Lvwb †ewPqv Zvnvi K‡i,
A‡a©K `vg w`‡jb ivm~j Lv`¨ †Kbvi Z‡i,
evwK UvKv w`‡q wKwb‡jb KzVvi nvZj jvMv‡q wb‡R,
Kwn‡jb, hvI KvV †K‡U LvI, †`L †Lv`v K‡i wK-‡h|
‡m w`b nB‡Z kÖg mvabvq Xvwjj wfLixi cÖvY,
e‡bi Kvô evRv‡i †ewPqv w`b K‡i ¸Rivb|
Afve Zvnvi iwnj bv Avi, nBj †m myLx f‡e,
bexi wkÿv, K‡iv bv wfÿv, †gnbZ K‡iv m‡e|
Dbwesk kZvwãi †k‡li w`‡K fvB wMwik P›`ª †mb (1834-1910wLª.) evsjv fvlvq M`ïxwZ‡Z me©cÖ_g
c~Y©v½ KziAvb gvRx‡ì Abyev` K‡ib; mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`x‡mi Abyev` mvwn‡ZÏ Ae`vb iv‡Lb| GB KyiAvb-
nv`xm I Ab¨vb¨ Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ welqK MÖ‡š’i Abyev` cÖKv‡ki ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ cvjb Kievi mgq Zvi `v`v
†Kke P›`ª cÖv_©bv K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi Rxeb gnv gvbyl †gvnv¤§‡ì w¯úwi‡U gwngvwš^Z I AbycÖvwYZ
nDK|Õ Zvi ag© Rxe‡bi me mvabv I wmw×i g‡a¨ GB cÖv_©bvwU m¦v_©K n‡q‡Q|151 Zvi cÖgvY wMwik P‡›`ªi
Ôgnvcyiæl †gvn¤§‡ì Rxeb PwiZÕ152 (1885 wLª.) iPbvi ga¨w`‡q ¯^v_©Kfv‡e cÖùzwUZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi
MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq D‡jøL K‡ib, ÒnRiZ †gvnv¤§‡ì ÔcÖK…Z Rxeb PwiZÕ e½xq cvVKgÐjxi wbK‡U hvnv‡Z
cÖPvi nq wbi‡cÿfv‡e Zrmva‡b †Póv Kiv hvB‡Z‡Q|Ó153 ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ, ZLbI gnvbexi (mv.) Gi cÖK…Z
Rxeb PwiZ I nv`xm mvwnZ¨ evsjv fvlvq AvaywbK e½ mgv‡R iwPZ nqwb| hwÌ B‡Zvc~‡e© AÁvZbvgv
wgkbvix iwPZ Ôgn¤§‡ì weeiYÕ (1802 wLª.) Ges †Rgm j&O iwPZ Ôgn¤§‡ì Rxeb PwiZÕ (1855 wLª.)
wek¦¯Í Rxebx MÖš’ bq|154 fvB wMwik P›`ª †mb gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi †h mKj msKwjZ evYx Z_v
nv`xm MÖš’vejxi evsjv fvlvq Abyev`Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib †m¸‡jv wb‡¤œv³ wk‡ivbv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq-
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (cÖ_g LÐ) A translation of the well-known work of Meskat Masahvih with Bangali
Commentary based an Asatollumat. cÖKvkK I gy`ªK: wek¦bv_ `vm, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb, KwjKvZv| cÖ_g
ms¯‥iY: 24 Rvbyqvwi, 1892 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: AvUvbv, MÖš’¯^Z¡: wMwik P›`ª †mb, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv
†jb, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: (1) †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM, 1892 wLª., c„. 12-13| (2) weªwUk wgDwRqvg
jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM, 2q LÐ, c„. 81|155
151 ‡gvn¤§` AvKivg Lvu, (1 b‡f¤î 1936) D×…Z, gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, ÔwMwik eveyi KziAvb ZiRgvÕ, evsjv GKv‡Wgx cwÎKv, XvKv:
evsjv GKv‡Wgx, kªveY-Avwk¦b, 1378e½vã, c„.70
152 evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë MÖ‡š’ (c„.151) wMwik P›`ª †m‡bi G MÖ‡š’i bvg †jLv n‡q‡Q Ògnvcyiæl †gvn¤§` I Zr cÖewZ©Z Gmjvg ag©Ó
wKš‘ e½xq mvwnZ¨ cwil‡ì msiwÿZ Kwc‡Z (mvc bs 9233) †`Lv hvq Ôgnvcyiæl †gvn¤§‡ì Rxeb PwiZÕ hv KwjKvZv weavb h‡š¿
kÖxivg me©¯^ fÆvPvh© KZ„©K gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| [gynv¤§` †njvj DÏxb,evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©v (1800-1900), AcÖKvwkZ
Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©,2007wLª. c„.121]
153 gynv¤§` †njvj DÏxb, cÖv¸³, c„. 122
154 KvRx Avãyj I`y`, nhiZ †gvn¤§` I Bmjvg, XvKv: 1965, c„.3
155 Avjx Avng`, evsjv gymwjg MÖš’cwÄ, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1985wLª., c„. 388
105
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (wØZxq LÐ) Treats of the Subject of Physical purification in general. cÖKvkK I
gy`K
ª : wek¦bv_ `vm, g½j MÄ wgkb †cÖm †_‡K gyw`ªZ I 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb KwjKvZv n‡Z cÖKvwkZ|
cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 8 †g, 1892 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 74, g~j¨: AvUvbv, gy`Yª msL¨v: 1000Kwc, MÖš’¯Z^ ¡: wMwik P›`ª
†mb, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM, 1892 wLª., 2q •ÎgvwmK
LwZqvb, µwgK msL¨v: 1016, c„.20-21|156
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (Z…Zxq LÐ) cÖKvkK I gy`Yª : wc. †K `Ë, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb KwjKvZv n‡Z cÖKvwkZ|
cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 11 AvM÷, 1893 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: AvUvbv, gy`Yª msL¨v: 500 Kwc, MÖš’¯^Z¡:
wMwik P›`ª †mb, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1893 wLª., 3q
•ÎgvwmK LwZqvb, c„.20-21|157
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (cÂg LÐ) cÖKvkK I gy`ªK: †K. wc bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KwjKvZv| cÖ_g
ms¯‥iY: 26 gvP©, 1901 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 40, g~j¨: AvUvbv, gy`Yª msL¨v: 500 Kwc, MÖš’¯^Z ¡: wMwik P›`ª
†mb, 20 cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1901 wLª., 2q •ÎgvwmK
LwZqvb, µwgK msL¨v: 1483, c„.30-31|158
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (lô LÐ) cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 6 RyjvB, 1902 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 76, g~j¨: AvUvbv, gy`Yª
msL¨v: 500 Kwc, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1902 wLª., 3q •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb, c„. 17|159
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (mßg LÐ) cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 4 AvM÷, 1903 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 840(?), g~j¨: AvUvbv, gy`ªY
msL¨v: 500 Kwc, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1903 wLª., 3q •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb, c„.12-13|160
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (cÖ_g LÐ) 9g msL¨v, cÖKvkK I gy`K ª : †K.wc bv_, 3, igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU,
KwjKvZv| cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 18 A‡±vei, 1904 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: AvUvbv, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j
jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM :1904 wLª., 4_© •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb|161
nv`xm-c~e© wefvM: (cÖ_g LÐ) 10g msL¨v, cÖKvkK I gy`K ª : †K. wc bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU,
KwjKvZv| cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 20 wW‡m¤î, 1904 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 62, g~j¨: AvUvbv, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j
jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1905 wLª., 1g •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb|162
nv`xm-DËi wefvM: (wØZxq LÐ) cÖKvkK I gy`K ª : †K. wc bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KwjKvZv| cÖ_g
ms¯‥iY: 27 Rvbyqvwi, 1906 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: AvUvbv, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM:
1906 wLª., 1g •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb|163
nv`xm-DËi wefvM: (2nd part, No.ll) cÖKvkK I gy`K ª : †K.wc bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KwjKvZv|
cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 7 b‡f¤î, 1906 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 70, g~j¨: AvUvbv, Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM:
1906 wLª., 4_© •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb, c„. 16|164
nv`xm-DËi wefvM: (Z…Zxq LÐ) [2nd part, No.lll] cÖKvkK I gy`ªK: †K. wc bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU,
KwjKvZv| cÖ_g ms¯‥iY: 6 RyjvB, 1907 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 88, g~j¨: AvUvbv, MÖš’¯^Z¡: MÖš’Kvi, 3,igvbv_
gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM: 1907 wLª., 3q •ÎgvwmK LwZqvb, c„.20|165
156 Avjx Avng`, cÖv¸³, c„.389

157 cÖv¸³
158 cÖv¸³, c„.390
159 cÖv¸³, c„.391
160 cÖv¸³
161 cÖv¸³
162 cÖv¸³
163 cÖv¸³, c„.392
164 cÖv¸³
165 cÖv¸³, c„.355
106
nv`xm-DËi wefvM: (PZz_© LÐ) Text of Maskatolmasahbih (An Arabic work) with annotations and
ranslations by editor. cÖKvkK I gy`K
ª : †K. wc. bv_, 3,igvbv_ gRyg`vi w÷ªU, KwjKvZv| cÖ_g ms¯‥iY:
1830 kK, 25 †m‡Þ¤î, 1908 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: 50Ñ AvUvbv, MÖš’¯^Z¡: wMwik P›`ª †mb, 20
cvUzqv‡Uvjv †jb, KwjKvZv| Z_¨wb‡`©k: (1) †e½j jvB‡eªwi, K¨vUvjM, 1908 wLª., 3q •ÎgvwmK
LwZqvb|166
nv`x‡m AvievBb: GwU GKwU cyw¯ÍKv‡ii nv`xm msKjb| Rbve †Mvjvg †g․jv KZ©„K 1880 mv‡j evsjv
fvlvq 38 c„ôvi cyw¯ÍKv AvKv‡i nv`x‡m AvievBb wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU nv`xm msKjb wn‡m‡e cÖKv‡ki Z_¨
cvIqv hvq|167
cweÎ evK¨: (cÖ_g LÐ) GwU GKwU nv`xm msKjb| fvMjcyi wbevmx •mq` Bidvb Avjx KZ©„K nv`xm MÖš’wU
msKwjZ nq Ges 1896 mv‡j †KvjKvZvi mvnvb kvn G¨vÐ †Kvs †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| MÖš’wU 53wU c„ôvq
mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q|168
Pwjøk nv`xm: MÖš’wU evsjv fvlvq 1908 mv‡j †gvt kvnv`vr †nvmvBb dvi‡ivL KZ©„K iwPZ e¸ovi wkeMÄ
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ wcÖq bex gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi cweÎ gyLwbm„Z PwjøkwU nv`xm wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q|169
wcÖq cqM¤^‡ii wcÖq K_v: GB wKZvewU cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvwenÕ †_‡K cÖvq cu vPkZvwaK
wbe©wPZ nv`x‡mi Abyev`| mrwkÿv, wkóvPvi, myeënvi I mrRxeb msµvšÍ welqe¯‘i Dci wfwË K‡i
iscy‡ii Awaevmx Lvb env`yi ZvmjxgyÏxb Avng` (1852-1927) KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ nq Ges
1915 mv‡j Zv cÖKvwkZ nq|170
Pwjøk nv`xm: 1917 mv‡j Rbve KzZzeDÏxb Avngv` ÔPwjøk nvw`mÕ 38 c„ôvq cyw¯ÍKv AvKv‡i msKjb K‡ib
Ges bvivqYcyi †_‡K msKjK KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq|171
nv`xm gvjv: PweŸk ciMbv †Rjvi PÐxcy‡ii wbevmx Rbve Aveyj nvmvb †gvt AveŸvm Avjx (1859-1922
wLª.) KZ©„K msKwjZ Ônv`xm gvjvÕ MÖš’wU| GB nv`xm MÖš’wU 1922 mv‡j msKjK KZ©„K iscyi †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq|172
KvÄj Avik: 1924 mv‡j †bvqvLvjxi eMvw`qvi K…Zx mšÍvb Rbve bvwRi Avn¤§` g°x Avj-RyRyix `v‡g¯‥x
iwPZ nv`xm wfwËK gvmbyb `yÔAvi MÖš’ Òwnm‡b nvmxbÓ Gi evsjv fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib| G MÖš’wU `yB L‡Ð
cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖ_g LÐ 1924 mv‡j 128 c„ôvq Ges wØZxq LÐ 1925 mv‡j 129-240c„ôvi g‡a¨ mgvß
K‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|173
QqKyj gynv‡Ïmxb: MÖš’wU 1924 mv‡j †g․jfx Avãyj evix KZ©„K iwPZ nq| GwU 102 c„ôv wewkó| m¤¢eZ:
wmnvn wmËvi Bgvg‡ì wb‡q iwPZ| Z‡e m~dx gvIjvbv †gvt iæûj Avgxb Zìx‡`j †gve‡Zjxb‡ì weiæ‡×
ÔQqKyj gynv‡ÏmxbÕ bv‡g cy¯ÍK iPbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZDËi †`b| c‡i GwU †KvjKvZvi †gvnv¤§v`x †cÖm †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq|174
166 cÖv¸³, c„.393

167 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ MÖš’cwÄ, XvKv: g`xbv cvewj‡KkvÝ, 2003wLª, c„.380, (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K©
we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
168 cÖv¸³
169 cÖv¸³, c„.382
170 gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë, XvKv: Avngv` cvewjwks nvDR, 1997wLª., c„.124
171 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„.380
172 cÖv¸³
173 cÖv¸³, c„.381
174 cÖv¸³, c„.378
107
nhi‡Zi evYx: MÖš’wU 1925 mv‡j cvskvi AšÍM©Z kvgcy‡ii K…Zx mšÍvb Rbve mvnv`Z Avjx Lvb KZ©„K
evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ nq| 40 c„ôvi G nv`xm msKj‡b †gvU 140wU nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
MÖš’wU cvskvi R‣bK Bqvmxb Avjx KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq|175
†gkKvZ kixd: GwU weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvwenÕ Gi evQBK…Z nv`x‡mi e½vbyev`| GwU mvZkZ
c„ôvq mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1927 mv‡j Zv cÖKvwkZ nq| cÖL¨vZ evsjv mvwnwZ¨K dRjyi iwng †P․ayixi
wgkKv‡Zi G mye„nr Abyev`MÖš’wU ZrKv‡j ev½vjx cvVK‡ì gv‡S e¨vcK MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡i| D‡jøL¨ †h, wZwb 1928 mv‡j Ò‡evLvix kix‡diÓ AvswkK Abyev`Kg© m¤úv`b K‡iwQ‡jb|176
bexi Kvjvg: we`¨vwe‡bv` L¨vZ h‡kvi †Rjvi †Nv‡ci wbevmx †Mvjvg jwZd (1880-1952 wLª.) bexi
Kvjvg bv‡g 58 c„ôvi †QvU cwim‡i nv`xm mvwnZ¨ msKjb K‡ib| 1929 mv‡j msKjK wb‡RB †Nvc
†_‡K eBwU cÖKvk K‡ib|177
nhi‡Zi Ag„Z evYx: †gvt wmivRyj Bmjvg (Gg.G, we. Gj ) KZ©„K msKwjZ Ônhi‡Zi Ag„Z evYxÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g 101 c„ôvi MÖš’wU 1929 mv‡j KwjKvZvi BDwbf©v‡mj jvB‡eªwi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|178
nvw`Q wkÿv: 1924 mv‡j gvIjvbv †gvt †gv‡q¾y`xb nvwg`x (1895-1969) Ônvw`Q wkÿvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 42
c„ôv wewkó †QvU GKLvbv nv`xm MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| GwU nvwg` cy‡ii nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
nq|179
cqMv‡g †gvnv¤§`x: wewkó wkÿvwe` gv¸iv †Rjvi †RvKv Gi K…Zx mšÍvb Rbve †Mvjvg †nv‡mb (1878-
1964 wLª.) we.G, •mq` gyn¤§` Avjx Kvìx gy‡½ix KZ©„K iwPZ ÔcqMv‡g †gvnv¤§`xÕ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm MÖš’wU
evsjv fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib Ges 1932 mv‡j Abyev`K KZ©„K †KvjKvZv †_‡K MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq|180
nv`x‡mi Av‡jv: gynv¤§` Avhnvi DÏxb KZ©„K msKwjZ Ônv`x‡mi Av‡jvÕ 304 c„ôvi nv`xm msKjbwU
1932 mv‡j dwi`cy‡ii †eMg nvwjgv LvZzb KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci 1905 mv‡j Gi wØZxq ms¯‥iY
Ges 1962 mv‡j Z…Zxq ms¯‥iY †cÖwm‡WwÝ jvB‡eªwi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| me©‡kl Avngv` cvewj‡KkÝ
†_‡K 1986 mv‡j 369 c„ôv wewkó nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cÂg ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z 1025 wU mnxn
nv`x‡mi my›ì I mij e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|181
ivm~jyjøvni Lvm bwQnZ: 1935 mv‡j KvRx †gvt †Mvjvg ingvb (1896-1981 wLª.) wjd‡jU AvKv‡i Qq
c„ôvi Ôivm~jyjøvni Lvm bwQnZÕ wk‡ivbv‡g ÿz`ª cyw¯ÍKv msKjb K‡i Zv wb‡R Kzwgjøv †_‡K cÖKvk K‡ib|
wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb: 1938 mv‡j cvebvi myRvbMi wbevmx Aveyj Lv‡qi Avng` Avjx KZ©„K wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb
evsjvq Ab~w`Z nq| 182
Pwjøk nv`xm: ÔPwjøk nv`xmÕ msKjbwU Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †MvjRvi †nvmvBb KZ©„K msKwjZ Ges
1940 mv‡j wSbvB`v‡ni `Ljcyi †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| 183
†gkKvZ kixd: evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ iPbvi Ab¨gZ cw_K…Z gvIjvbv dRjyj Kwi‡gi Ab¨Zg
mvwnZ¨KxwZ© ÔAv`k© gvbeÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 1947 mv‡j wcÖqbexi Av`k© Rxebx cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci 1962
mv‡j Zvi iwPZ Pvi L‡Ð Ò‡gkKvZ kixdÓ Gi e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ nq|184
175 cÖv¸³, c„.381

176 gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë, cÖv¸³, c„.130
177 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„.381
178 cÖv¸³
179 cÖv¸³, c„.378
180 cÖv¸³, c„.381
181 cÖv¸³
182 cÖv¸³, c„.385
183 cÖv¸³
184 gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë, cÖv¸³, c„.130
108
GKwesk kZK (2001-eZ©gvb)

Kv‡e¨ nv`xm Q‡›` web¨vm gnvbex (mv.) Gi gnvevYx185: Aa¨vwcKv jyrdzb bvnvi iDd iwPZ ÒKv‡e¨ nv`xm
Q‡›` web¨vm gnvbex (mv.) Gi gnv evYxÓ evW© Kw¤úª›U GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjvevRvi, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ,
G hver evsjv Kve¨ mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v wel‡q 832 c„ôvi GwUB me©e„nr MÖš’| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Bmjvg,
Cgvb, Avjøvni cwiPq, fq, AvZ¥v, g„Zy¨ I Kei, `ywbqv I AvwLivZ, RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg, wKqvgZ, KziAvb I
Bjg, bvgvhv, †ivhv, hvKvZ, n¾ I gmwR`, ZvIev, Bw¯ÍMdvi, ivm~jyjøvn welqK I `yÔAv BZ¨vw` welqK
22wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍf©y³ 590 wel‡qi (h_v: 1g Aa¨v‡q ÒBmjvgÓ wk‡ivbv‡g 15wU wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv
G‡m‡Q) Dci Kv‡e¨ nv`x‡mi Abyev` KiZ: nv`x‡mi PjwZ evsjvq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
nv`x‡mi Kve¨vbyev‡ì ïiæ‡Z D×„Z nv`x‡mi ivex ev eY©bvKvix mvnvexi m~Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges †k‡l
nv`x‡mi g~j MÖ‡š’i bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
* D³ MÖ‡š’i 78 c„ôvq D×…Z GKRb gywgb-gymwj‡gi wb`k©b cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avey ûivqviv (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb-
Ò‡m Rb gymjgvbÑ
hvi gy‡Li KU~w³ Avi
nv‡Zi Awbó †_‡K
myiwÿZ _v‡K Aci gyjgvb|
Avi gywgb †m Rb
hvi Kv‡Q gvby‡li Rxeb-m¤ú`
m¤ú~Y© _v‡K wbivc`|Ó------- [wZiwghx-bvmvC]
* D³ MÖ‡š’i 503 c„ôvq D×…Z mv`vKvi gZ©ev cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avbvm (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb:
Òmv`vKv wbev©wcZ K‡i †`q Avjøvni †µva
Avi K‡i (gvby‡li) g›` g„Zy¨ †ivaÓ--------- [wZiwgqx]
* D³ MÖ‡š’i 511 c„ôvq D×…Z wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii Rb¨ LiP cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avey gvmD` Avbmvix (iv) †_‡K
ewY©Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb:
ÒcyY¨ jv‡fi Z‡i-
LiP Ki‡e wbR cwiRb cwiev‡i
h‡e †Kvb ev›`v gymjgvb,
nB‡e MY¨ Bnv Zvi Rb¨
wn‡m‡e m`vKv `vbÓ ---------[eyLvix-gymwjg]
** D³ MÖ‡š’i 548 c„ôvq D×…Z e„ÿ‡ivcb cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avbvm (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb:
Òhw` †Kvb gymjgvbÑ
K‡i †Kvb (djevb) e„ÿ †ivcY
A_ev †m K‡i (f~‡q) km¨ ecb,
Zvici GLvb †_‡K km¨`vbv
Avi dj-djvw` hLb
gvbyl I cïcÿx K‡i fÿY,
ZLb Bnv Zvnvi Rb¨Ñ
nB‡e mv`vKv ewjqv cwiMY¨|Ó -------- [eyLvix-gymwjg]
185 Aa¨vwcKv jyrdzb bvnvi iDd, Kv‡e¨ nv`xm Q‡›ì web¨v‡m gnvbex (mv)-Gi gnvevYx, XvKv: evW Kw¤úª›U GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, AvM÷
2019 wLª.
109
†jvKmvwn‡Z¨ Bmjvg: mvwnZ¨ ms¯‥…wZi wfwËg~j| †Kvb RvwZi PwiÎ Zvi mvwn‡Z¨ dz‡U I‡V| †jvKmvwnZ¨
ej‡Z †g․wLK mvwnZ¨; hv nvRvi eQi a‡i evsjvi mvaviY gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L cÖPwjZ n‡q Avmv †jvKMí,
iƒcK_v I †jvKMv_v BZ¨vw`|186 evsjvi mvwnZ¨, K…wó-KvjPvi I HwZ‡n¨ †jvKmvwn‡Zï we‡kl cÖfve
jÿ¨ Kiv hvq | G mvwn‡Zï DcRxe¨ g~jZ: †cÖg, agx©q welq, `k©b I fw³ BZ¨vw`| mvwn‡Zï G avivwU
¯§iYvZxZ Kvj †_‡K bvg bv Rvbv †jvK‡ì Øviv iwPZ Ges †jvKgy‡L hy‡Mi ci hyM †jvKmgv‡Ri
ZvnRxe-ZgÏyb e‡q Pj‡Q| G cÖm‡½ wcÖwÝc¨vj Beivnxg Lvu e‡jb,Ò‡jvK mvwnZ¨ n‡”Q evQvB gvj| Giv
Kv‡ji AKzÚ hvPvB‡q wU‡K †M‡Q| kZ kZ eQi a‡i AweK…Z Rbg‡b Giv Avb›` weZiY K‡i G‡m‡Q|
G‡ì †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ G-B h‡_ó|Ó187 e„wUk Avgj †_‡K G †`‡ki †jvK mvwnZ¨ msMÖn I iÿvi KvR
ïiæ nq| mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq ag© G avivi mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg wfwË| bex-ivm~j, Avn‡j-
evqZ, Pvi Lwjdv I Ijx-AvDwjqv Kvwnbx Ges Bmjv‡gi g~j wfwË Z_v Kv‡jgv, bvgvh, †ivhv, n¾,
hvKvZ BZ¨vw` G mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg DcRxe¨ welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| evsjv fvlvi †jvK
mvwnZ¨ Ry‡o KziAvb-nv`x‡mi gg© evYx KZUzKz cÖwZdwZj n‡q‡Q Zv AbymÜvb KivB n‡e G cwi‡”Q‡ì g~j
cÖwZcv`¨|
†jvKmvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v
G wel‡q wm‡j‡Ui Kwe •mq` †mvjZvb (1555-1668wLª.) Aviex-dvimx wKZve †_‡K cÖ_g Ôimyj-PwiZÕ
iPbv K‡ib| wZwbB cÖ_g e¨w³, whwb bex-ivm~‡ji RxebKvwnbx, KziAvb-nv`xm Z_v `xb-Bmjv‡gi gg©K_v
evsjv fvlvq iPbv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| wZwb †Kb wjLwb‡Z nvZ w`‡jb, Gi KviY wZwb wb‡RB e¨vL¨v
w`‡q‡Qb| †hgb-
†Lv`vi wRÁvmv
.... †Zviv Avwjg AvwQjv|
gby‡l¨ Kwi‡Z cvc wb‡la bv •Kjv||
ZLb Ôjv RIqveÕ n‡Z n‡e|
AÁR‡bi GK Reve: Ávbxiv e‡jbwb|
Gwn fG fvweqv iwPj bexesk|
ïwb cvcxM‡Y †hb cv‡c b‡n aŸsm||188
‣mq` †mvjZv‡bi Dch©y³ PiY †_‡K Kwe ü`‡q ÔmrKv‡Ri Av‡`k Ges Amr Kv‡R evav cÖ`vbÕ bv Kivi
Revew`wni Abyf~wZi GKvšÍ AvKywZ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q; hv mivmwi KziAvb-nv`x‡mi eû msL¨K AvqvZ I
nv`x‡mi my¯úó gg© K_v| G Qvov nv`xm kix‡d AwR©Z Ávb †Mvcb Kiv‡K eo cvc wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| ZvB Ávb †Mvcb Kivi Revew`wn †_‡K `vqgyw³jv‡fi wbwgË ÒbexeskÓ MÖš’wU iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb
e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
‣mq` †mvjZv‡bi c_ AbymiY K‡i cieZx©‡Z nvqvZ gvgy`, †kL PvÜ, †gvt gywKg cÖgyL e¨w³eM© G avivq
mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ cyw_Kvi KweMY Bmjvgx fveavivi mgš^‡q KziAvb-nv`x‡mi gg©evYx iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv mvaviYZ wÎc`x Q›` I Mv‡bi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Cgvb-Bmjv‡gi evYx
m¤ú‡K© dwKi gvbœvb e‡jb,
jv Bjvnv Bjøvjøvi mv‡_
jvMBj bexi bvg
`yB wgjvB GK Kwi‡j
AB‡jv Bmjvg|189
186 Avng` kixd m¤úvw`Z, mswÿß evsjv Awfavb, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1992wLª., c„. 513
187 †P․ayix †Mvjvg AvKei m¤úvw`Z, †jvK mvwn‡Z¨ Bmjvg, XvKv: Bdvev,1987wLª., c„. 05
188 cÖv¸³, c„. 11
110
 Cgvb gvbe Rxe‡bi me©‡kªô m¤ú`| G Cgvb gvbyl‡K me©kw³gvb Avjøvn ZvÔqvjvi GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx
K‡i †Zv‡j| Avi wek¦vmB gvbyl‡K BnKvj-ciKvj Dfq RM‡Z GKgvÎ gyw³i Dcvq| KviY mwZ¨Kv‡i
GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx e¨w³ cvc-cw¼jZv gy³ Rxeb MVb Ki‡Z mÿg nb| ZvB Cgvb MÖn‡Yi cÖwZ D`vË
Avnevb D”PvwiZ n‡”Q †jvK Kwei fvlvq,
Ô†i Kv‡jgv eo ab
web K‡jgvq †`nvi cvc
bv AB‡ev †gvPb|
............................
Avjøv we‡b †KD bvB
me© kw³i g~j
wbR ¸‡Y evbvBjv
†gvnv¤§` iQyj|
Av‡M Avjøv g‡b cÖv‡Y
Kin Keyj
Zv AB‡j cvB‡e Zzwg
GKzj †mKzj|Õ190
 nv`xm kix‡d G‡m‡Q, wKqvg‡Zi fqven w`‡b bex (mv.) Gi kvdvAvÔZ Qvov Kv‡iv gyw³ †bB| dwKi
†kL fvbyi fvlvq,
Ôjv kixK gvey` Rvwb †hRb
K‡i Gev`Z
nvk‡i bexwR Zv‡i Kiev kdvqvZ|
kv`Z Kv‡jgv Pvwc
RvwbI AvjeZ
dwKi †kL fvby Kq
†e‡¯Ív hvBevi c_|Õ191
 ivm~j‡K (mv.) gvb¨ Kiv mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ Avek¨K| Zv‡K bv gvb‡j †m nq kZv‡bi Abymvix| dwKi
KwQg Avjxi fvlvq,
Ôgb †i-
dKxi KwQg Avjx e‡j
b~ibexi PiY Z‡j
b~ibex RM‡Zi Pvb
Zv‡K bv gvwbqv K‡Zv
ABjv kqZvb|Õ192
 ivm~j (mv.) gyLwbm„Z evYx‡K nv`xm e‡j| Zvi Revbx‡Z Avjøvni wKZv‡ei e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Z_v nv`x‡mi
aŸwbi cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡”Q †jvKmvwn‡Z¨| †hgb:
Ôgvey` I-
†Zvgvi a‡b‡Z abx
I gvey` iQzj ¸Ygvb
189 cÖv¸³, c„. 14

190 cÖv¸³, c„. 20-21
191 †P․ayix †Mvjvg AvKei m¤úvw`Z, cÖv¸³, c„. 26
192 cÖv¸³
111
iQz‡ji Revbx‡Z
‡Zvgvi K‡jgv ïwb
gvey` I-
‡gv¤§` iQzjyjøv
‡Zvgvi `y¯Í wk‡ivgwY
jv kixK †Zvgv‡i wPwb
iQz‡ji Revbx|Õ193
 Ònv`xm wReªxjÓ bv‡g cÖwm× G nv`x‡m ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Bev`‡Zi †ÿ‡Î ÔBnmvbÕ AR©‡bi wb‡`©k
w`‡q‡Qb| KviY Bnmv‡bi Dci Bev`‡Zi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I cyi¯‥vi cÖvwßi gvÎv wbf©i K‡i| ZvB mvjv‡Zi
†ÿ‡Î nv`x‡mi Bnmvb Z‡Ë¡i gg©K_v †jvK mvwn‡Zï fvlvq,
ÔAvwe‡` bvgvh c‡o
Kvqv m‡½ jBqv
Avwi‡d bvgvh c‡o
Bidv‡b Wzweqv|
Avwe` Gi bvgv‡h‡Z
eiQ G ingZ
Avwid Gi bvgv‡h‡Z
nvwQj Aq †K¡vieZ|Õ194
...............................
Ôgywgb bvgvh cwoI
bvgv‡h‡Z mvg‡b Avjøv
g‡b‡Z ivwLI|
Zzwg bvwn †`‡Lv Avjøv
Avjøv †Zvgvq †`‡L
Qv‡nevjøv Qvg‡b †Zvgvi
GwK‡b RvwbI|Õ195
 nv`xm kix‡d mvjvZ‡K gywg‡bi wgÔivR e‡j AvL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avi mvjvZ‡K Bnmv‡bi DuPz ZeKvq
DbœxZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j †m mvjv‡ZB gywg‡bi Rb¨ wgivR ¯îƒc| †jvK Kwei fvlvq,
ÔgywgbI-
Avãyj evwK‡q Kq
waqvb Kwi PvBI
bvgv‡h †givR Av‡Q
Zvi ZZ jBI|Õ 196
.........................
ÔdigvBjv iQzjyjøv
nvw`‡Qi gvS
bvgvh cwo‡j Aq
gywg‡bi †givR|Õ197
193 cÖv¸³, c„. 36

194 cÖv¸³, c„. 45
195 cÖv¸³, c„. 48
196 cÖv¸³, c„. 49
197 cÖv¸³, c„. 61
112
 †ivhvi gvnvZ¥, ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© m¤ú‡K© Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv Kjg a‡i‡Qb| G †ÿ‡Î †jvKKweMY wcwQ‡q
bb| †ivhvi cwiPq m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì Dw³-
ÒeQ‡i Avq (Av‡m)
gv‡m hvq,
w`‡b Lvq bv, ivB‡Z Lvq|Ó198
 †ivhv ivLvi e¨vcv‡i nv`xm kix‡di wb‡`©kbvi Bw½Z i‡q‡Q †jvK mvwn‡Z¨| †ivhv`vi e¨w³ bexi
mycvwik jvf Ki‡e Ges Avjøvni `x`v‡i ab¨ n‡e| nvwRi Avjxi gšÍe¨-
Ò†ivhv ivLv Avjøvni DLyg
bexiI nvw`Q
†ivhv Qvwo‡Z Kq
BewjQ bvwKQ|Ó199
.......................
ÒAvjøvni digv‡b †ivhv
Kwiqv Av`vq
bexi kdvZ Avi
Avjøvni w``vi cvq|Ó200
 †Kvb m¤ú‡ì hvKv‡Zi ÔwbmveÕ KZUzKz Zv KziAv‡b ewY©Z nqwb; eis nv`xm kix‡d bex (mv.) †h
m¤ú‡ì wbmve hZUyKz †m m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| nv`x‡mi hvKv‡Zi wbmv‡ei `„wófw½
†jvKKwe‡ì `„wóI Gov‡Z cv‡iwb| †hgb-
Òmv‡o mvZ fwi †mvbv
jI‡i wnmve Kwi
bB‡j mv‡o evqvbœ fwi iƒcv
jB‡e DRb Kwi|
G nv‡i kZ UvKvq
AvovB UvKv Kwi
hvKvZ Av`vq Ki gywgb
Kwi ZivZwi|Ó201
 evsjv‡`‡ki Avw` gymwjg Kwe gynv¤§` mMxi, kvn Mixeyjøvn, nvqvZ gvngy` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wm‡j‡Ui
•mq` myjZvb, †kL Pv›`, mvay mvwn‡Zï kxl©¯’vbxq Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv,
iIkb BR`vbx cÖgy‡Li iPbvq wek¦bex cÖm½ G‡m‡Q| †jvKmvwnwZ¨KMYI G welqwU Gwo‡q hvbwb| †hgb:
nvk‡ii gq`v‡b hLb †KD KvD‡K g‡b ivL‡ebv, ZLb wek¦bexi (mv.) Ae¯’vb cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi gg©evYx
†jvKKweM‡Yi ü`q¯úkx© Kv‡e¨ aŸwbZ n‡”Q,
Ò†LIqv Nv‡U nvki gv‡V
bdwQ bdwQ myi miviZ,
†Kej dzU‡e †Zvgvi gy‡L
Bqv D¤§vwZ, Bqv D¤§vZ|
mqv‡ji `qvj Zzwg
198 cÖv¸³, c„. 75

199 cÖv¸³, c„. 82
200 cÖv¸³, c„. 83
201 cÖv¸³, c„. 87
113
kwdDj D¤§Z,
`qv K‡iv Kwgbv‡i
ZivBI wQiv‡Zi c_|Ó202
 Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` Kiv Cgv‡bi `vex| cÖ‡qvR‡b wRnv‡` AskMÖn‡Yi AvKv•ÿvI GKRb LvuwU gywg‡bi
Cgv‡bi `vex| nv`x‡mi g~jfve D×…Z K‡i Rvwj‡gi Ryjyg-wbh©vZb, Ab¨v‡qi cÖwZev` I wRnv‡`
AskMÖn‡Yi cÖwZ †jvKmvwnwZ¨K‡ì Avnevb `„wó AvKl©Y Kivi g‡Zv| Zv‡ì fvlvq,
Ònvw`‡m digvBjv bex
mZ¨ Rvwbevq
niNwi †Rnv` jvwM
wbqZ ivwLevq|
Avjøv bexi Dëv Kv‡g
bRi co‡j fvB
PD‡L †`wL‡j Zv‡i
iæwLev‡i PvB|
Rvwj‡gi Ryjg iæ‡Lv
mwZ¨ wRnv` fvB
....................
‡Rnv‡ì g‡bi fve
†h gywg‡bi bvB
‡m R‡bi Cgvb bó
Rvwb iv‡Lv fvB|Ó203
wkïmvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v
diiæL Avng` (1918-1974): ÔbZyb †jLvÕ diiæL Avng‡ì wkï mvwnZ¨ m¤úwK©Z PZz_© Kve¨MÖš’ | G
eB‡qi KweZv¸‡jv cvuPwU fv‡Mi cÂg fvMwU n‡”Q, Òivmy‡j †Lv`vÓ| G c‡e© Kwe b~ibex nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.) Gi cweÎ Rxeb avivi Qvw›`K iƒc`vb K‡i‡Qb| Avavui hyy‡Mi g°vi eY©bv †_‡K g`xbvq b~ibexi
wnRiZ, Ae¯’vb I ag© cÖPvi m¤úwK©Z wel‡qi wkï‡Zvl eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|204 †hgb A‡bK¸‡jv nv`x‡mi
fvevbyev` Kwei fvlvq,
me KvR †kl nq KwVb kÖ‡g,
Icv‡ii mvov bex †kv‡bb µ‡g,
Avjøvni WvK Av‡m `~i md‡i,
Gevi hv‡eb bex `~ivšÍ‡i \
me wkï‡ì whwb civY wcÖq
me `yt‡¯’i whwb civY wcÖq,
Amnvq Av‡Z©i mnvq whwb
aibxi KvR †k‡l hv‡eb wZwb&
my›ìZg whwb K_vq Kv‡R,
AZzjb ¸Y huvi wek¦ gv‡S,
Avj-‡KviAv‡bi Av‡jv R¡vjv‡q †i‡L,
we`vq †bb †m bex `ywbqv †_‡K \205
202 cÖv¸³, c„. 115

203 cÖv¸³, c„. 134-135
204 AvjgMxi Rwjj, wkï mvwnZ¨ mvabvq K‡qKRb gymjgvb †jLK, XvKv: Bdvev, 1988wLª. c„.62
205 cÖv¸³, c„.65
114
mwdDwÏb Avng` (1877-1922): Kwe mwdDwÏb Avng` KjKvZv wgQixMÄ gvìvmvi †nW †g․jfx
wQ‡jb| Bmjvgx fvecyó GB wkï-mvwnwZ¨K Avc`g¯ÍK KziAvb-nv`x‡m wek¦vmx I we‡kÁ wQ‡jb| 1918
mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi †jLv Ò‡Q‡j‡ì nRiZ †gvnv¤§`Ó| Zvi G MÖš’wU 72 c„ôvwewkó, DbPwjøkwU
cwi‡”Q‡` wef³| bex (mv.) Gi nv`xm Z_v Rxebv`‡k©i wewfbœ w`K AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c, Míi‡mi m‡½ m‡½
wkïiv hv‡Z Zvui evYx †_‡K gnr¸Yvejx AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i †jL‡Ki m~² g‡bv`k©‡b Zvi cÖgvY †g‡j| Gi
bvg c‡Î †jLv wQ‡jv-
c~Z gy‡L
cyY¨ K_v
wPiw`b iq|206
KvRx Bg`v`yj nK (1882-1926): evsjv wkï-mvwn‡Z¨ KvRx Bg`v`yj nK wQ‡jb GKRb Av`k©ev`x
†jLK| 1953 mv‡j Zvi iwPZ Òbex KvwnbxÓ 1g fvM cÖKvwkZ nq| bex Kvwnbx KvRx Bg`v`yj n‡Ki
me©‡kÖô wkï mvwn‡Zï wb`k©b| G MÖ‡š’i 1g fv‡M Ab¨vb¨‡ì Rxeb Kvwnbx Ges 2q fv‡M nhiZ gynv¤§`
†gv¯Ídv (mv.) Rxeb Kvwnbx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| 1g LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡jI 2q LÐ Av‡jvi gyL †`‡Lwb| †jLK
Mí”Q‡j G ai‡Yi bex‡ì RxebKvwnbx iPbv evsjv wkïmvwn‡Z¨ GB cÖ_g I Awfbe|207 GgbwK bex
(mv.) Gi Rxe‡bi gvnvZ¥¨ Ggb mij mnR wPËvKl©K M‡íi gZ K‡i Gi c~‡e© Avi †KD wj‡Lb wb|
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn (1885-1969): Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kÖô fvlv weÁvbx, wkÿvwe`, eû fvlvwe` W.
gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn hyM‡kÖô cwÐZ| wkï mvwn‡ZÏ Zvi Ae`vb Kg bq| 1962 mv‡j Zvi mvZvËyi eQi eq‡m
Ô†QvU‡ì im~jyjøvnÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| G MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i eB‡qi gyLe‡Ü wZwb e‡jb, Òimyjyjøvn
(mv.) mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ DËg Av`k©| †Kej ìæ` cwo‡jB Avgv‡ì KZ©e¨ †kl nq bv| Zv‡K Rvbv PvB|
Zvnvi Av`‡k© Rxeb‡K Mwoqv †Zvjv PvB| evj¨Kv‡j g‡b †h fv‡ei Qvc c‡o, Zvnv ¯’vqx nq| GB Rb¨
GB Ô†QvU‡ì im~jyjøvnÕ cÖKvwkZ nBj|ÓG MÖš’wU‡K †gvU 12wU Aa¨v‡q wef³| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q im~jyjøvni
Rb¥e„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cieZx©‡Z Aa¨vq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ PviwU wel‡q Zvui Pwi‡Îi we‡kl KZ¸‡jv ¸Y
Ges Zvui Rxe‡bi we‡kl KwZcq NUbv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov GKwU Aa¨v‡q wKQz Ònv`xm msKjbÓ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aewkó wZbwU Aa¨v‡q mvnvev wKiv‡gi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm msKj‡bi
Aa¨vqwU e¨ZxZ cy‡iv MÖš’wUB MívkÖqx| 208 G Qvov Zvi m¤úvw`Z ÒAv½yiÓ cwÎKvq ÔweavZvi cixÿvÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g Bjwg nv`x‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i Kjvg wjLv nZ|
‡gvnvg¥` GqvKze Avjx †PŠayix (1888-1940): †gvnvg¥` GqvKze Avjx †P․ayixi mvwnZ¨ Rxeb †hgb
¯^íKvjxb, †Zgwb Zvi iPbvi msL¨vI Kg, gvÎ PviLvbv cÖKvwkZ MÖš’| Zb¥‡a¨ 1918 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq
wkï‡Zvl Ò‡Q‡j‡ì nRiZ †gvnv¤§`Ó MÖš’Lvwb| G‡Z i‡q‡Q M‡íi gZ mim, iƒcK_vi gZ g‡bvig hv
Avb›` `v‡bi †fZi w`‡q †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ì PwiÎ MV‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e Zvi Òb~ibexÓ MÖ‡š’
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi mij I mywgó Rxeb PwiZ Ges Zvi mZ¨ †cÖg I gn‡Ë¡i cwiPq enb K‡i|209
b~ibex Kve¨MÖ‡š’i f~wgKv‡Z †jLv i‡q‡Q-
gvby‡li †P‡q gvbyl eo....
mevi eo gvbyl †m|
gvbyl nB‡e †Kgb gvbyl....
mKj gvby‡l wkLvj †m|
206 cÖv¸³, c„.85-86

207 cÖv¸³, c„.112-113
208 Av‡Zvqvi ingvb, wkïmvwn‡Zï KwZcq i_x, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 2001wLª., c„.6-7; cÖv¸³, c„. 125-126 (we.`ª.)
209 AvjgMxi Rwjj, cÖv¸³, c„.79
115
†Zvive Avjx (1898-1973): 1936 mv‡j wkï-mvwnwZ¨K †Zvive Avjx iwPZ Ò‡QvU‡ì †gv¯ÍdvÓ cÖKvwkZ
nq| G MÖ‡š’i m~Pxc‡Î 15wU Aa¨v‡qi eY©bv i‡q‡Q| h_v: giæi Abv_, gwYKvÂb, ARvbvi WvK, m‡Zï
Wv‡K mvov, Cgv‡bi AwMœ cixÿv, Ni Qvov, wnRiZ, e`‡ii hy×, Iû‡ì hy×, †nvbvB‡bi hy×, m¤ªvU
†gv¯Ídv, Avjøvni Abyi³ †gv¯Ídv, gvbyl †gv¯Ídv, gnvcÖqvY| G Aa¨vq¸wj‡Z wZwb MívKv‡i bex Rxe‡bi
Av`k© I gnË¡ cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb|210
e‡›` Avjx wgqv (1910-1979): evsjv fvlvi wkï mvwnZ¨ RM‡Z Kwe e‡›` Avjx wgqv GKwU mycwiwPZ
bvg| wZwb Ònv`x‡mi MíÓ MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq `vex K‡ib †h, nv`xm kix‡di e½vbyev` GUvB wkï mvwn‡Z¨
cÖ_g| hwÌ Zvi c~‡e© M‡`¨ W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn I c‡`¨ †kL dRjj Kixg nv`xm wfwËK wkï mvwnZ¨
wfwËK iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb wKš‘ e¨vcKfv‡e me©cÖ_g e‡›` Avjx wgqvB nv`x‡mi KZ¸wj evYx evQvB K‡i
evsjvq Abyev` K‡i †QvU‡ì cv‡Vvc‡hvMx K‡i iPbv K‡ib| Zvi G MÖ‡š’ wZwb `xbR‡b `qv, mZ¨-wbôvi
cyi¯‥vi, ÿzavZz‡i Lv`¨ `vb, ¯^cœ K_v, wcZ… FY, †Luvov kqZv‡bi evnv`yix, mvayZvi Rq, hvi †h_v VvuB,
gnvÁvbx gymv, mrK_vi Av‡jvPbv, `v‡bi gvnvZ¥¨, AwZw_i cÖwZ eënvi, mvaymsM I bvgv‡hi gwngv cÖm‡½
†QvU‡ì nv`x‡mi Mí eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|211
mxivZ mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©v

nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Rxeb-Pwi‡Zi mgwóB n‡”Q mxivZ| Avi nv`xm n‡”Q gnvbex (mv.) Gi K_v, KvR
I Aby‡gv`b| ivm~j (mv.) Gi beyIqvZx Rxe‡bi hveZxq KvR nv`x‡miB AšÍf©y³| Avi GKRb gvby‡li
Kv‡Ri mgwóB n‡”Q Zvi Rxeb| †m g‡Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mxivZB nv`xm| Z‡e K_v †_‡K hvq, mxivZ
mvwn‡Z¨ ewY©Z Zvui mKj KvR mb`wfwËK cÖgvwYZ Kx bv? GLv‡bB nv`xm Avi mxiv‡Zi cv_©K¨| nv`xm
mb` wfwËK; Avi mxivZ HwZnvwmK m~‡Î ewY©Z Z_¨wfwËK mvwnZ¨| †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v welqK
M‡elYv; ZvB evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ivm~j (mv.) Gi RxebNwbô cÖwm× MÖš’vejx wb‡q ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
K. ga¨hy‡Mi evsjv Kv‡e¨

1. im~j weRq: •RbywÏb (Kve¨Kvj: 1471-1981 wLª.), 1474 wLªóvã, W. Avng` kixd m¤úvw`Z, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq, evsjv wefvM-1963 wLªóvã, c„. 84
2. im~j: kvn weiw` Luv (1517-1985 wLª.), evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1963 wLªóvã, c„. 165
3. IdvZ-B-im~j: •mq` myjZvb (1550 -1648 wLª.), XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, 1949 wLª.
4. im~j weRq: •mq` myjZvb, Avng` kixd m¤úvw`Z, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1978 wLªóvã, (bex es‡ki
cÖ_g LÐ) cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
5. im~j PwiZ: •mq` myjZvb, iPbvKvj (1584-1586 wLª.), m¤úv`bvq: Avng` kixd, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
1978 wLªóvã, c„. 936, g~j¨: 75.00 UvKv|
6. bex esk: •mq` myjZvb, m¤úv`bvq: Avng` kixd, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1978 wLªóvã, c„. 720
7. b~ibvgv: kvqL civY (Rb¥: 1550 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1616 wLªóvã), cvÐzwjwc: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq jvB‡eªwi|
10. b~i Kw›`j bv b~ibvgv: gxi gn¤§` kdx (1559-1630 wLª.), cvÐzwjwc: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq jvB‡eªwi|
12. im~j weRq: †kL Pvu›` (1560-1625 wLª.), iPbvKvj: 1661 wLªóvã, cvÐzwjwc: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
jvB‡eªwi|
13. b~ibvgv: Ave`yj nvwKg (1620-1690 wLª.), m¤úv`bvq: Aa¨vcK Avjx Avng`, evsjv Dbœqb †evW©,
1970 wLªóvã, c„. 702
210 cÖv¸³, c„.153-54

211 cÖv¸³, c„.46-46
116
14. im~j weRq: Ave`yj nvwKg (1620-1690 wLª.), cvÐzwjwc: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq jvB‡eªwi, Aóv`k kZvãx|
15. b~ibvgv: Ave`yj Kwig L›`Kvi (17k kZK), cvÐzwjwc: XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq jvB‡eªwi|
16. bexbvgv: dwKi Pv›` (18k kZK) cvÛywjwc: †gnive Avjx, w`bvRcyi|
17. imyj weRq I IdvZ bvgv: 18k kZ‡Ki Kwe †Mvjvg im~j, iPbvKvj: 1790 wLªóvã, cvÐzwjwc:
gynv¤§` Ave~ Zvwje, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq|
L. AvaywbK hy‡Mi evsjv Kv‡e¨
18. bex bvgv: gyÝx Ave`yi inxg (g„. 1913 wLª.), MjvwPcv, †nv‡mbcyi, wK‡kviMÄ|
19. Lv‡qi eiKZ: 19k kZ‡Ki Kwe Ave`yj Mdzi, XvKv, c„. 68 (iPbvKvj: 1870 wLª.) cÖKvkK:
MÖš’Kvi, 1879 wLªóvã| GwU bexRxi Rb¥ e„ËvšÍ m¤úwK©Z Kve¨MÖš’|
20. nvRvi g‡Qjv: Avey`jøvn web Qvjvg, GwU 76 c„ôv wewkó cÖ‡kœvË‡i bex (mv.) Gi Rxebx MÖš’| 1879
wLªóv‡ã XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq|
21. b~ibvgv ûwjqvbvgv: gyÝx Lv‡Zi †gvnv¤§` (Kve¨Kvj: 1835-1845 wLª.)|
22. R‡½ Lqei: †`v¯Í †gvnv¤§` †P․ayix (iPbvKvj: 1883 wLªóvã)|
M. †gŠwjK mxivZ mvwnZ¨ welqK MÖš’
23. gn¤§‡ì weeiY: AÁvZ, wLªóxqvb Uªvó GÛ †mvmvBwU cÖKvwkZ (m¤¢eZ), 1802 wLª.
24. †gvnv¤§‡ì Rxeb PwiZ: wMwik P›`ª †mb (1838-19110 wLª.), k¨vgv †cÖm, KjKvZv,1886 wLª.
25. mswÿß gyn¤§` PwiZ: Ave`yj AvwRR Lvb (Rb¥: 1868 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1903 wLªóvã), †gvnv‡gWvb
G‡mvwm‡qkb, Kzwóqv, 1901 wLª., c„. 158
26. nhiZ †gvnv¤§`(mv.): †gvRv‡¤§j nK (Rb¥: 1860 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1939 wLªóvã), kvwšÍcyi, b`xqv, 1903
27. nhiZ cqM¤^‡ii Rxebx: †kL dRjyj Kwig (Rb¥: 1882 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1936 wLªóvã), cÖKvkK: gyÝx
gn¤§` †g‡niæjøvn, h‡kvi, 1904 wLª.
28. †kl cqM¤î I Zuvnvi cweÎ ag©: evey g‡n›`ªbv_ jvwnox, cÖKvkK: MÖš’Kvi nvIov,1910
wLªóvã, c„.180
29. bex m¤ªvU: †gveviK Kixg RIni, Lvb eªv`vm© GÛ †Kvs, XvKv 1913 wLªóvã, c„. 591
30. nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (`.): Ave`yj AvwRR wn›`x (Rb¥: 1863 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1926 wLªóvã), Kzwgjøv,
KjKvZv,1920 wLª.
31. †gv¯Ídv PwiZ: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv (Rb¥: 1868 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1968 wLªóvã), gyn¤§`x eyK
G‡RÝx, KjKvZv, 1925 wLª., c„. 575
32. gvbe gyKzU: †gvt GqvKze Avjx †P․ayix (Rb¥: 188 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1940 wLªóvã), e½xq gymwjg mvwnZ¨
mwgwZ, KjKvZv, 1926 wLª., c„.93
33. m¤ªvU cqM¤î: Lvbevnv`yi ZmwjgDwÏb Avng` (Rb¥: 1852 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1927 wLªóvã), Bmjvwgqv
AvU© †cÖm,KjKvZv, 1928 wLª., c„. 266
34. nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (`.): Lvb evn`yi AvnQvb Djøvn (Rb¥: 1873 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1965 wLªóvã), cÖKvkK:
eìæ‡ÏvRv, KjKvZv, 1931 wLª., c„. 240
35. giæ fv¯‹i: †gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx (Rb¥: 1896 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1954 wLªóvã),eyjeyj cvewjwks nvDm,
KjKvZv, 1941 wLª., c„. 195
36. wek¦bex: Kwe †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (Rb¥: 1897 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1964 wLªóvã), cÖKvwkKv: gvndyRv LvZzb,
f~‡è feb, PzuPzov, 1942 wLªóvã, c„. 401
37. Avi‡ei `yjvj: Avt Inve wmwÏKx (Rb¥: 1901 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1908 wLªóvã), †e½j cvewjwks nvDm,
KjKvZv, 1944 wLª.
117
38. bex Kvwnbx: wmKv›`vi Avey Rvdi (Rb¥: 1919 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1975 wLªóvã), K_v weZvb, KjKvZv,
1949 wLªóvã, c„.96
39. Agi Rxeb: AvwRRyi ingvb †P․ayix (Rb¥: 1913- wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1882 wLªóvã), †Kvwnbyi jvB‡eªwi,
XvKv 1952 wLªóvã. c„. 167
40. QvB‡q`yj gyiQvjxb (1g LÐ ): gvIjvbv Ave`yj Lv‡jK (g„Zy¨: 1955 wLªóvã), B÷ †e½j
eyK wmwÛ‡KU, XvKv, 1951 wLªóvã, c„. 1080| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1984 wLªóvã,
c„. 1196
41. QvB‡q`yj gyiQvjxb (2q LÐ ): gvIjvbv Ave`yj Lv‡jK (g„Zz¨: 1955 wLªóvã), Bó †e½j eyK
wmwÛ‡KU, XvKv, 1951 wLªóvã), c„. 1080| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1984 wLªóvã,
c„. 1196
42. LvZvgyb-bexCb: iIkb BR`vbx (Rb¥: 1917 wLª.-g„Zz¨: 1967 wLª.), RvKvwiqv jvB‡eªwi, ewikvj,
1953 wLªóvã, c„. 399| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1987 wLªóvã, c„. 240
43. beyIZ gynv¤§`x: Avjøvgv †gvt Ave`yjøvn Kvdx Avj †Kvivqkx (Rb¥: 1896 wLª.-g„Zz¨:1960 wLª.), Avj-
nv`xm wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks nvDm, cvebv, 1956 wLª.
44. Av`k© gnvbex I mybœ‡Z ivm~j: †gvt BmgvBj †nv‡mb Bmjvg bMix (g„Zz¨: 1992 wLªóvã), cÖKvkK:
MÖš’Kvi, wmivRMÄ, 1957 wLªóvã, c„. 104
45. wek¦bexi •ewkó¨: †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (Rb¥: 1897 wLªóvã- g„Zz¨: 1964 wLªóvã), Avng` cvewjwks nvDm,
XvKv, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1960 wLªóvã, c„. 59
46. wek¦bexi gnvb Av`k©: †gvt †gvQ‡jûÏxb, Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1962 wLªóvã, c„.96
47. wek¦bexi fvlY: Avey jv‡qQ AvbQvmx, Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1961 wLªóvã|
48. nhi‡Zi fwel¨ØvYx: †gvt Gg`v` Avjx (Rb¥: 1873 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1969 wLªóvã), cÖKvkK: MÖš’Kvi,
ewikvj, 1962 wLª.
49. bqvRvwZ ¯ªóv nhiZ gyn¤§`: gynv¤§` eiKZzjøvn, (Rb¥: 1998 wLªóvã-g„Zz¨: 1974 wLªóvã), †MÖU B÷
jvB‡eªwi, XvKv 1963 wLªóvã, c„.366
50. wek¦bexi •mwbK Rxeb: gvngy`yi ingvb, (1935-1970 wLª.), XvKv: †mvenvwbqv jvBeªix, 1964 wLª.
51. nhi‡Zi Rxeb bxwZ: W. gy. †Mvjvg gvKm~` wnjvjx (1900-1961 wLª.), cÖKvkK: ûgvq~b Lvwj`,
ivRkvnx, 1965 wLª., c„. 95
52. c„w_exi fwel¨Z I nhi‡Zi fwel¨ØvYx: gyn¤§` †gvqv¾Ïxb nvwg`x (1996-1970 wLª.), nvwgw`qv
jvB‡eªwi, nvwg`cyi, Lyjbv, c„. 96
53. wek¦bexi wek¦ ms¯‹vi: Aveyj †nv‡mb fÆvPvh© (1916-1983 wLª.), cÖKvkK: L›`Kvi gwR` Avjx,
e¸ov, 1969 wLª., c„.68
54. RMr¸iæ gynv¤§` (`.): gynv¤§` b~iæj Bmjvg, (Rb¥: 1933 wLª.), mvwnZ¨ KzwUi, e¸ov, 1974 wLª., 5g
cwiewa©Z gy`Yª : mvwnZ¨gvjv, XvKv, 1993 wLª., c„. 160, g~j¨: 75.00
55. im~jyjøvni fwel¨ØvYx: gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx (1880-1971 wLª.), Bmjvgx cÖKvkbv ms¯’v, XvKv,
1976 wLª., c„. 101
56. wek¦mf¨Zvq gnvbexi (`.) Ae`vb: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖKvkK: Ave`yb b~i, Kzwgjøv,
1975 wLª., c„. 157
57. †gv‡RRv‡q b~i bex (`): gvIjvbv L›`Kvi †gvt ewkiDÏxb, (Rb¥: 1903 wLª.), †Kvivb gwÄj
jvB‡eªwi, ewikvj, 1975 wLª., c„. 152
58. ¯^cœ‡hv‡M ivm~jyjøvn (mv.): gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, (Rb¥: 1935 wLª.), XvKv: g`xbv cvewj‡KkÝ, 1998
59. wmivRvg gybxiv (msKjb): gynv¤§` Aveyj Avmv`, †Lvk‡ivR cÖKvkbv ms¯’v, XvKv, 1976 wLª., c„.68
118
60. Zvwj‡g ivm~j (`.): †g․jfx Ave`yj Kv‡ì, my‡jLv cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1977 wLª., c„. 224
61. bex Kixg nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (`.): W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn (Rb¥: 1885-g„Zz¨: 1969 wLª.),
†i‡bmvmwcÖ›Uvm©, XvKv, 1978 wLª.
62. ImIqvZzb nvmvbv: †gvt Avwe` Avjx, Bmjvgx mvs¯‥„wZK †K›`ª, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k,
wm‡jU, 1980 wLª., c„.69
63. ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi cÎvejx: gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, gnvbex ¯§iwYKv cwil`,
XvKv, 1980, c„. 129
64. wek¦bexi (mv.) gyÕwRhv: Av. b. g. Ave`yj gvbœvb, wK‡kvi jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1985 wLª.
65. ivm~jøvni wecøex `vIqvZ: gvIjvbv gyn¤§` Ave`yi inxg (Rb¥: 1919-g„Zz¨: 1987 wLª.), Lvqiæb
cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1988 wLª., c„. 128, g~j¨: 60.00 UvKv|
66. gnvbex: •mq` Avjx Avnmvb| Avng` cvewjwks nvDm XvKv, 1994 wLª.
67. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ im~j PwiZ: gyn¤§` gwRi DÏxb wgqv| evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1983 wLª., c„.288,
g~j¨: 115.00 UvKv|
68. wcÖq bexi wcÖq cÖm½: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, (Rb¥: 1936 wLª.) mxivZ M‡elYv I cÖPvi ms¯’v,
XvKv, 1995 wLª.
69. bexRx (mv.) †Kgb wQ‡jb: Devq`yi ingvb Lvb b`fx, wKZve †K›`ª, XvKv, 1997 wLª.
70. nhiZ im~‡j Kixg (mv.) Rxeb I wkÿv: Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl m¤úv`bv cwil`, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k, 1997 wLª., c„. 632, g~j¨: 114.00 UvKv|
71. PwiÎ I mgvR MV‡b nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.): W. Imgvb MYx, BDwbfvm©vj eyK mvcøvB, KjKvZv, 1997 wLª.
72. gnvbex gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv (mv.): G. †RW. Gg. kvgmyj Avjg, gynv¤§` eªv`vm©, XvKv, 1998 wLª.
73. nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) mgKvjxb cwi‡ek I Rxeb: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Zdv¾j †nvmvBb
(Rb¥: 1995-g„Zz¨: 1995 wLª.) BmjvwgK wimvP© BbwówUDU Gi c‡ÿ G. †K. Kvgiæj evix, XvKv,
1998 wLª., c„. 1008, g~j¨: 250.00 UvKv|
74. wek¦bexi †kl fvlY: gynv¤§` Zv‡ni †nv‡mb, b~i jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 199 wLª., c„. 222, g~j¨: 120 UvKv|
75. wcÖq bexRxi (mv.) AkÖæ: gvIjvbv †kL iwdKzj Bmjvg wmqvgx, Avj GQnvK cÖKvkbx, evsjv evRvi,
XvKv, 2000 wLª., c„. 144, g~j¨: 70.00 UvKv|
76. wcÖq bexi gyPwK nvwm: kveŸxi wkejx, wmwÏKxqv cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, GwcÖj, 2000 wLª., c„. 126 ,
gyj¨: 65.00 UvKv
77. wcÖq bexi (mv.) wcÖq K_v: AvLZvi-Dj-Avjg, †Lvik‡ivR wKZve gnj, XvKv, 2000 wLª., c„. 96,
g~j¨: 30.00 UvKv|
78. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K gynv¤§` (mv.): nv‡dR gvIjvbv ûmvBb web †mvnive, Avj-gv`vbx cÖKvkbx, XvKv,
2000 wLª.
79. bexRxi mybœvZ: gydZx nvexe Qv`vbx, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2002 wLª., c„. 80, g~j¨: 35.00 UvKv |
80. wek¦ bexi Rxeb Av`k©: †kL gynv¤§` BmgvBj, wek¦ mvwnZ¨ feb, XvKv, 2002 wLª.
81. ivm~j (mv.) hy‡Mi hy× weMÖ‡ni BwZnvm: †gvt dRjyi ingvb Avkivdx, gvwnb cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv,
2002 wLª., c„. 656, g~j¨: 300.00 UvKv|
82. gnvbexi fvlY: Ave`yj KvBqyg b`fx, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv-1000,
2004 wLª., g~j¨: 80.00 UvKv|
83. ivm~‡j ingZ (mv.): g~j: gIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, Avbyev`K: gvIjvbv Ave`yj gZxb Rvjvjvev`x,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv- 1000, 2004 wLª., g~j¨: 310.00 UvKv|
119
N. mxivZ welqK AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨MÖš’

84. nhiZ gynv¤§`: †gvRv‡¤§j nK (Rb¥: 1862-1933 wLª.), gynv¤§`xqv jvB‡eªwi, kvwšÍcyi, 1903 wLª.
85. cwiÎvY Kve¨: †kL dRjyj Kwig (Rb¥: 1882-1936 wLª.), cÖKvkK: gyÝx gyn¤§` †g‡niDjøvn,
(Rb¥: 1861-1907 wLª.), h‡kvni, 1903 wLª., c„. 143
86. gw`bvi †MŠie: gxi gkviid †nv‡mb (Rb¥:1848-1912wLª.), cÖKvkK I MÖš’Kvi: KjKvZv, 1906
87. Av‡k‡K ivm~j (1g LÐ): gyn¤§` `v` Avjx (Rb¥: 1885-1936 wLª.), cÖKvkK: gynv¤§` BDmyd Avjx,
Kzwóqv, 1908 wLª.
88. Av‡k‡K ivm~j (2q LÐ): gyn¤§` `v` Avjx (Rb¥: 1885-1936 wLª.), cÖKvkK: gynv¤§` BDmyd Avjx,
Kzwóqv, 1910 wLª.
89. be iZœnvi: gyn¤§` AvwZKzjøvn Lvb, Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, gqgbwmsn, 1913 wLª.
90. nhiZ gnv¤§`: Rqbv_ b›`x gRyg`vi (Rb¥: 1863 wLª.-1942 wLª.), MÖš’Kvi: †e‡Rvov, wm‡jU|
91. gnvgvbe (bex Rxebx): †kL Rygb Avjx, nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi, bv‡Uvi, 1937 wLª., c„. 245
92. giæi dzj: Aveyj †nvmvBb fÆvPvh©, MÖš’Kvi, 1946 wLª.
93. giæfv¯‹i: KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg (Rb¥: 1899-1976 wLª.), cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1950 wLª.
94. wmivRvg gybxiv: diiæL Avng` (Rb¥: 1918-1974 wLª), ZgÏyb †cÖm, XvKv, 1952 wLª.
95. giæmyh©: Av b g eRjyi ikx` (Rb¥: 1911-1986 wLª.), Avw`j eªv`vm©, XvKv, 1956 wLª.
96. gnvbex: Ave`yi ikx` Iqv‡mKcyix (Rb¥: 1926 wLª.), XvKv, 1980 wLª.
97. wnRiZ: •mq` Avjx Avkivd (Rb¥: 1924-1998 wLª.), †gvKviig cvewjkvm©, XvKv, 1948 wLª.
98. giæi †Mvjvc: •mq` kvgmyj û`v, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1988 wLª.
99. ü`‡q R¡vjvI b~i: MvRx Gbvgyj nK, evsjv mvwnZ¨ cwil`, XvKv, 1999 wLª.
100. dz‡ji Dcgv: bvwmi †njvj (Rb¥: 1962 wLª.), myü` cÖKvkb, 38/3 evsjv evRvi, (Kw¤úDUvi
gv‡K©U), XvKv, 2003 wLª., c„. 32, g~j¨: 30 UvKv|
O. Ab~w`Z mxivZ mvwnZ¨ welqK MÖš’

101. AvLjvKzb bex (mv.): Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj
gyKviig, XvKv-1000, 2004 wLª., g~j¨: 119.00 UvKv|
102. mxivZ wek¦‡Kvl (1g LÐ ): m¤úv`bv cwil`, 1g cÖKvk: A‡±vei 2000 wLª., c„. 528 wLª.| 2q
cÖKvk: b‡f¤î 2003 wLª., c„. 528, g~j¨: 350.00 UvKv|
103. mxivZzb bex: g~j: Avjøvgv wkejx †bvgvbx (Rb¥: 1857-1915 wLª.) I Avjøvgv mvB‡q` †mvjvqgvb
b`fx (Rb¥: 1884-1950 wLª.), Abyev` I m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb; c¨vivWvBm jvB‡eªwi,
XvKv, 1g LÐ, 1974 wLª.
104. mxivZzb bex: g~j: Avjøvgv wkejx †bvgvbx (Rb¥: 1857-1915 wLª.) I Avjøvgv mvB‡q` †mvjvqgvb
b`fx (Rb¥: 1884-1950 wLª.), Abyev` I m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb; c¨vivWvBm jvB‡eªwi,
XvKv, 2g LÐ, 1975 wLª.
105. gnvbexi fvlY: Abyev`K I msKjK: gynv¤§` b~iæ¾vgvb, BmjvwgK mvs¯‥…wZK †K›`ª, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, ivRkvnx, 1980 wLª., c„. 70, g~j¨: 24.00 UvKv|
106. mxivZzb bex: g~j: Avjøvgv wkejx †bvgvbx Ges Avjøvgv mvB‡q` †mvjvqgvb b`fx| Abyev`K: gvIjvbv
G. †K. Gg. dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, XvKv:ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, 1g LÐ, 1988 wLª., c„. 423
107. mxivZzb bex: g~j: Avjøvgv wkejx †bvgvbx Ges Avjøvgv mvB‡q` †mvjvqgvb b`fx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv
G. †K. Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv| 2q LÐ, 1988 wLª., c„. 462
120
G. †K. Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv| 3q LÐ, 1990 wLª., c„. 416
G. †K. Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv| 4_© LÐ, 1988 wLª., c„. 419
G. †K. Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv| 5g LÐ, 1990 wLª., c„. 433
G. †K. Gg dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, ZvR cvewjwks nvDm, XvKv| 6ô LÐ, 1990 wLª., c„. 406
114. mxiv‡Z LvwZg~j Avw¤^qv: g~j: gydZx gynv¤§` kdx (Rb¥: 1314-1396 wn.), Abyev`K: †gvt wmivRyj
nK (Rb¥: 1927 wLª.), BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k,XvKv, 1984 wLª., c„. 120| Ab¨ Abyev`K:
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Av‡bvqvix, bvw`qvZzj †KviAvb cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 2000 wLª., c„. 106
115. GK bR‡i mxivZzbœex (mv.): g~j: Avjøvgv gydZx mvB‡q` †gvnv¤§` Avwgbyj Gnmvb †gvRv‡Ï`x (Rb¥:
1911 wLª.-1974 wLª.), Abyev`K: Aa¨ÿ kixd Ave`yj Kvwì (Rb¥: 1922 wLª.), wnKgvn
`viæËvmwbd, †bQvivev`, SvjKvwV, 1988 wLª.
116. mxivZzj gy¯Ídv (mv.): g~j: Avjøvgv †gvt Bw`ªm Kv›`vjfx (Rb¥: 1317-g„Zz¨: 1394 wn.), Abyev`:
gvIjvbv ewkiDÏxb, †gvnv¤§`x jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1991 wLª.
117. mxivZzb bex (mv.) (1g LÐ): g~j: Ave`yj gvwjK Beb wnkvg (g„Zy¨: 528 Lª.), Abyev`: BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb Abyev` KwgwU, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1994 wLª.
118. Avi-ivnxKzj gvLZzg: g~j: kvqL mwdDi ingvb gyeviKcyix, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Ave`yj Lv‡jK
ingvbx| Avj-wnjvj eyK nvDm, mvMi`xwM, gywk©`vev`, 1995 wLª., cieZx©‡Z MÖš’wU Lvw`Rv AvLZvi
†iRvqx evsjvq Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Ges cÖKvk K‡i‡Q Avj †KviAvb GKv‡Wgx jÛ‡bi evsjv‡`k
Kvh©vjq, 1999 wLª., c„. 554, g~j¨: 180.00 UvKv|
119. Avmvûm wmqvi: g~j: gvIjvbv Aveyj evivKvZ Ave`yi iDd Avj Kvwìx `vbvcyix (Rb¥: 1866-
1948 wLª.), Abyev`K: Av. Q. g. gvngy`yj nvmvb Lvb I Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1996 wLª., c„. 644, g~j¨: 255.00 UvKv|
120. mxiv‡Z im~‡j AvKivg (mv.) g~j: g~dZx gynv¤§` kdx, Abev`K: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, mxivZ
M‡elYv I cÖPvi ms¯’v, XvKv, 1997 wLª.
121. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx: g~j: Bgvg Avey Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (i.) Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv,
†Lvk‡ivR wKZve gnj,XvKv, 1999 wLª., c„.288, g~j¨: 130.00 UvKv|
122. mxivZzj gy¯Ívdv (mv.): g~j: Avjøvgv gynv¤§` Bìxm Kv›`jfx (i.), Abyev`K: Kvjvg Avhv`,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv-1000, 2005 wLª., 1g LÐ, c„. 432, g~j¨:
120 UvKv|
123. mxivZzj gy¯Ívdv (mv.): g~j: Avjøvgv gynv¤§` Bìxm Kv›`jfx (i.), Abyev`K: Kvjvg Avhv`,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv-1000, 2004 wLª., 2q LÐ, c„. 404, g~j¨:
110 UvKv|
121
P. ivm~‡ji kv‡b wb‡ew`Z Kve¨ msKjb

124. bvqv‡Z im~j: m¤úv`bvq: gyn¤§` Gbvgyj nK, eyK †mjvm©, KjKvZv, 1973 wLª.
125. bvÕ‡Z im~j: Ave`yj Iqv`y` (Rb¥: 1949 wLª.), XvKv, 1976wLª.
126. gnvbex (mv.) ¯§i‡Y wb‡ew`Z KweZv: m¤úv`bvq: Avmv` web nvwdR, HwZn¨ msm`, 1992 wLª.
127. ivm~‡ji kv‡b KweZv: m¤úv`bvq Avmv` web nvwdR I gyKzj †P․ayix, cÖwwZ cÖKvkb, XvKv, 1996 wLª.,
c„. 432, g~j¨: 200 UvKv|
128. wbe©vwPZ bvÕ‡Z im~j (mv.): m¤úv`bvq: Avmv` web nvwdR, cÖxwZ cÖKvkb, XvKv, 1996 wLª., c„.
342, g~j¨: 150 UvKv|
3.10 evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv© (1952-2015)

1952 †_‡K 1915 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq Kx cwigvY nv`xm welqK MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zvi
GKwU ZvwjKv ev cwimsL¨vb wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| G wel‡qi MÖš’mg~‡ni aib, cÖK…wZ I welqe¯‘
BZ¨vwì ch©v‡jvPbv h_v¯’v‡b (PZz_© I cÂg Aa¨v‡q) we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
K. evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’vejx
evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm msµvšÍ †g․wjK, Ab~w`Z Ges m¤úvw`Z A‡bK MÖš’ i‡q‡Q| G MÖš’vejx
†_‡K gnvbex (mv) Gi Rxeb, AvPvi-AvPviY, Kg©, †g․bm¤§wZ Ges evYxmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvq| G
MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wKQz †g․wjK MÖš’ nj-
1. Agxq evYx kZK, W. gynv¤§v` knx`yjøvn, 1360wn.
2. evsjv nv`xm kwid, Lvb evnv`yi AvnQvb Djøvn (1873-1965), 1952 wLª.
3. nvw`‡Qi Av‡jv, gynv¤§` AvRnvi DÏxb, 1952 wLª.
4. Avj-nv`xm, †gvt †gnive Avjx, 1955 wLª.
5. Awgq evYx kZK, W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn, 1955 wLª.,
6. †kl bexi evYx, gyn¤§` b~iæj nK (1907-1987), 1956 wLª.
7. nvw`Q MÖš’, Lvb evnv`yi AvnQvb Djøvn, 1956 wLª.
8. nvw`‡Qi Av‡jv, gynv¤§` AvRnvi DÏxb, 1932 wLª.
9. wek¦bexi fvlY, gvIjvbv Avey jv‡qQ AvbQvix, 1960 wLª.
10. nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx, wRqvDb bvnvi †eMg, 1957 wLª.
11. nv`x‡mi evYx, Aveyj dRj, 1961 wLª.
13. Kvjvg-B- im~j (`.), KvRx Aveyj †nv‡mb, 1961 wLª.
14. mn¯ª nv`xm, gvIjvbv gwReyi ingvb, 1964 wLª.
16. cqMv‡g gynv¤§`x, Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, 1968 wLª.
17. nv`xm mÂqb, gynv¤§` gyRvddi ûmvBb, 1969 wLª.
18. nv`x‡mi evYx, Aveyj dRj, 1961 wLª.
19. AvLjv‡K cqMv¤îx, †gvnv¤§` BDQzd Avwkqvqx, b‡f¤î, 1969 wLª.
20. GKkZ nv`xm I `x‡bi K_v, Avãym †mvenvb, 1965 wLª.
21. Kvjvg-B-imyj, KvRx Aveyj †nv‡mb, 1961 wLª.
22. wek¦bexi fvlY,Aveyj jv‡qQ AvbQvix, 1960 wLª.
23. nv`xm Kvwnbx, Ljxjyi ingvb gywgb, 1966 wLª.
24. nv`x‡m imyj, Avjx nvq`vi †P․ayix, 1968 wLª.
122
25. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K ìƒ` I mvjvg, gdRj Avng` Bmjvgvev`x, 1961 wLª.
26. nv`x‡mi evYx, Avãyjøvn Avj gvgyb †mvnivIqv`©, 1961 wLª.
27. e½vbyev` kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, †gvt dqRyjøvn, 1963 wLª.
28. gymwjg kixd wKZveyj nR¡, Avgxbyj nK, 1g cÖKvk- 1381 wn.
29. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgRx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dRjyjøvn, AvM÷, 1960 wLª.
30. AvmgvDi wiRvj, gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, 1955 wLª.,
31. nv`x‡miZË¡ I BwZnvm, gvIjvbv bi~ †gvnv¤§` AvRgx (in.) ,1965 wLª.
32. nvw`Q cwiPq, kvn †gv. gbQzi Avjx Avj-wPkZx (1840-1983), 1972 wLª.
33. Avi‡ki Qvqvq, gvIjvbv Mixeyjøvn gvmiæi Bmjvgvev`x, 1977 wLª.
34. Bgvg gymwjg, Aa¨vcK gyRxeyi ingvb, A‡±vei, 1979 wLª.
35. Pwjøk nv`xm I Pwjøk evYx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj ReŸvi, 1978 wLª.
36. †QvU‡ì nv`xm kixd, †gvnv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1977 wLª.
38. nv`xm msKjb (†gvËvdvK AvjvB‡n), Ave`yi ingvb, 1g cÖKvk- †g, 1973 wLª.
39. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K gvbe Rxeb, G.‡K.Gg. BDm~d, cÖ_g cÖKvk- 1974wLª.2q cÖKvk- 1979 wLª.
40. nv`x‡mi evYx, Aveyj dRj, wØZxq gy`Yª , 1977 wLª.
41. Avmnv‡e imy‡ji Rxeb K_v (4 LÐ), gynv¤§` Avey`j gvÕey`, 1989 wLª.
42. Kv‡e¨ nv`xm kixd (cÖ_g LÐ), gynv¤§` Ave`yj evix, 1987 wLª.
43. †KviAvb I nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K Bmjvgx Av`k©ev`, gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb KvqQvi, 1988 wLª.
44. wQnvn wmËvnÕi ivex cwiwPZ, nv‡dR gynv¤§` Imgvb Mwb, 1988 wLª.
45. gyw³i c‡_ nv`x‡miAv‡jv, gynv¤§` Avwgb Lvb wiRfx, 1989 wLª.
46. mnmª nv`xm, gvIjvbv gyRxeyi ingvb, 1986 wLª.
47. nhiZ Av‡qkv ewY©Z nv`x‡m im~j (`.), gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb, 1982 wLª.
48. nv`xm cwiwPwZ:fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvZt¯§iYxq AvDwjqv I gynvwÏQxb, gvI: idxK Avng`, 1989 wLª.
49. nv`xm iZœ fvÐvi, gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix, 1989 wLª.
50. nv`xm kix‡di Av‡jv, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxbyj Bmjvg, 1988 wLª.
51. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg, 1980 wLª.
53. nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx, †gveviK †nv‡mb Lvb, 1981 wLª.
54. nv`x‡mi †`vqv, †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj AvRxR, 1988 wLª.
55. AvbIqviæj nv`xQ, nv‡dR gvIjvbv gyRxeyi ingvb, 1997 wLª.
56. Avgv‡ì bexRxi •`bw›`b Rxeb, †bvgvb Avng`, 1996 wLª.
57. Avj-KziAvb I nv`xm ZË¡, gynv¤§` dLiæj Bmjvg, 1993 wLª.
58. G‡mv Rvwb bexi evYx, Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, 1996 wLª.
59. •`bw›`b Rxe‡b mybœ‡Z imyj (mv.), †gvn. gwbiæ¾vgvb, 1994 wLª.
60. cweÎ †KviAvb I nv`x‡m imyj, †Lv›`Kvi gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` ewmi DÏxb, 1411 wn.
61. evqvbym mybvb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, 1996 wLª.
62. imy‡ji evYx, dRjyi ingvb, 1990 wLª.
63. †kÖô nv`xm, Gg. G. Iqvnx`, 1997 wLª.
64. mnx nv`xm g‡Z wek¦bexi bvgvR I †`vqv wkÿv, gynv¤§` wRjøyi ingvb b`fx, 1990 wLª.
65. wmnvn wmËvi nv`x‡m Kz`mx, Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, 1995 wLª.
123
66. nv`x‡Q AvievCb: Pwjøk nv`xQ, dwi` Avng`, 1996 wLª.

67. nv`xm c‡ov Rxeb M‡ov, Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, 1992 wLª.
68. nv`xm kixd (3 LÐ Ges Ac~Y©v½ 4_© LÐ), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg, 1997 wLª.
69. nv`x‡m ivm~j (mv.), Aa¨vcK nvweeyi ingvb, 1986 wLª.
70. nv`x‡m ivmy‡j ZvInx` wimvjvZ AvwLivZ, Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, 1987 wLª.
71. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv I gvbe Rxeb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, 1997 wLª.
72. nv`x‡mi cwiPq, wRjnR Avjx, 1992 wLª.
73. G‡mv Rvwb bexi evYx, Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, 1996 wLª.
74. nv`x‡mi wndvRZ I msKjb, gynv¤§` nviæb AvRxRx, 1997 wLª.
75. nv`x‡mi weij Kvwnbx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyj Bmjvg, AvMó, 2004 wLª.
76. wiqv`yj RvbœvZ, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb, Rvbyqvwi2001 wLª.
77. GnBqvDm mybvb, W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi in., 2002 wLª.
78. nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZ, W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.), 2002 wLª.
79. mnxn gvmb~b Ihxdv, W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.), 2007 wLª.
80. nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K gvbe Rxeb, Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` BDmyd, 2003 wLª.
81. nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K gvbe Rxeb, Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` BDmyd, 2003 wLª.
82. wgjv`yb&bex (mv.), Aveyj Rvgvj gynv‡g` Zexqyjøvn, 2005 wLª.
83. Dj~gyj nv`xQ, W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, 2000 wLª.
84. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë, W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, 2001 wLª.
85. nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ, Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv, 2009 wLª.
86. Dj~gyj nv`xm Kx I †Kb? gydwZ gynv¤§` BmgvCj, Zv.we.
87. nv`x‡m ivm~j mv., gydwZ gvIjvbv gbm~iyj nK, 2014 wLª.
88. `vimyj nv`xm, W. †gvnv¤§` kwdDj Avjg f~Bqv, 2015 wLª.
89. welq wfwËK nv`x‡m ivm~j mv., gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv`, AvMó 2014 wLª.,
90. bvgvh welqK Pwjøk nv`xm, gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb Kv‡mgx, 2013 wLª.
91. ü`q Mjv‡bv Pwjøk nv`xm, gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb Kv‡mgx, 2013 wLª.
92. G‡mv nv`xm cwo Rxeb Mwo, LvBiæj evkvi, 2010 wLª.
93. mnxn nv`xm Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm, gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb I Ab¨vb¨, 2013 wLª.
94. bexRx (`.) Gi mybœvZ, gydwZ gvIjvbv gbm~iæj nK, 2013 wLª.
95. •`bw›`b Rxe‡b cvjbxq ivm~j (mv.) Gi mybœvZmg~n, †gv. †gv¯ÍdvRvgvb, 2016 wLª.
96. eënvwiK Rxe‡b nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn (`.) Gi evYx, W. †gv: Beªvnxg Ljxj, Ryb 2015 wLª.
L. evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nv`xmMÖš’vejx
1. nvw`‡Q AvievBb ev 40 nvw`Q, Ab~: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dix`cyix (in.) Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv
2. †gkKvZ kix‡di e½vbyev` (4 LÐ), dRjyj Kwig Ab~w`Z, Bmjvg wgkb jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1949 wLª.
3. nv`xm kixd, Abyev`K: Lvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Luv, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1955 wLª.
4. ZvRix`yj eyLvix (2 LÐ), Ave`yi ingvb Ab~w`Z, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1958 wLª.
5. †evLvix kixd (7 LÐ), gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in.),nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi, 1950-61 wLª.
6. †evLvix kixd (1g LÐ), †gvt †gvni Avjx Ab~w`Z, Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, 1959 wLª.
7. gnvbexi evYxi evYx, Avmv`yj wKewiqv Ab~w`Z, cÖRvcwZ, 1960 wLª.
124
8. nv`x‡mi evYx, Aveyj dRj Ab~w`Z, Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, 1961 wLª.,
9. e½vbyev` kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, Abyev`K: †gvt dqRyjøvn ,Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, 1963 wLª.
10. gymwjg kixd wKZveyj nR¡, Avgxbyj nK Ab~w`Z, g`xbv LvbKvn, wK‡kviMÄ, 1381 wn.
11. †gkKvZ kix‡di e½vbyev` (4 L.), dRjyj Kwig Ab~w`Z, Bmjvg wgkb jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1936 wLª.
12. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgRx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dRjyjøvn, BQjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, 1960 wLª.
13. Avj-gybv‡eŸnvZ, AbyevK: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj RveŸvi, awbqvjv cvov, PÆMÖvg, 1977 wLª.
14. Qnxn gymwjg kixd (4 L.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †bQviæj nK, Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, 1976 wLª.
15. ZvRix`yj eyLvix (2L.), Abyev`K: AvjvDÏxb Avj-AvRnvix, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1975wLª.
16. †evLvix kixd (7 LÐ), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1971 wLª.
17. †gkKvZ kixd (11 LÐ), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx I gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb KvqQvi
Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 1956 wLª.
18. imyjyjøvn (mv.)-Gi evYx, Abyev`: gvngy` nvq`vi, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1976 wLª.
19. mnxn †evLvix, gvIjvbv G. †K. Gg. dRjyi ingvb gyÝx, cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1979 wLª.
20. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvndzRyi ingvb wmwÏKx, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, XvKv, Zv.we.
21. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, Aby: gvIjvbv mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` Avjx, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1985 wLª.
22. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv mvC` Avngv`, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1986 wLª.
23. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb,Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv,1986 wLª.
24. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, Aby: gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1987 wLª.
25. Avj-Avèyj gydiv`, Abyev`: gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, Bdvev, XvKv,1984 wLª.
26. Avqbv‡q ivm~j, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv BDmyd Avwkqvix, AvwRwRqv KzZzeLvbv, XvKv, 1982 wLª.
27. G‡šÍLv‡e nv`xm (2q LÐ), Abyev`K: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, mvjgvb ¯§„wZ cÖKvkb, XvKv, 1985 wLª.
28. Rv‡gÕ wZwiwghx, mvjvdx cÖKvkbx, iscyi, 1989 wLª.
29. ZiRgvbym& mybœvn, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1988 wLª.
30. eyLvix kixd (10 LÐ), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn cÖg~L, 1989 wLª.
31. eyjy¸j-gvivg dx Avw`jøv Avj-AvnKvg (1g LÐ), Abyev`: gvIjvbv gvngy`yjøvn ingvbx I gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Ave`yi ingvb, Avj nv`xm wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks nvDR, 98bIqvecyi †ivW, XvKv, 1989 wLª.
32. wgkKvZ kixd, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv wmÏxKzi ingvb, Avngw`qv KzZzeLvbv, XvKv Zv.we.
33. wgkKvZ kixd, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1988 wLª.
34. gyIqvËv‡q Bgvg gynv¤§` (in), Abyev`K: gynv¤§` g~mv, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, 1988 wLª.
35. gymwjg kixd (6 LÐ), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK cÖg~L, Bdvev, XvKv, 1989 wLª.
36. gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK (2 LÐ), Abyev`: gynv¤§` wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, Bdvev, XvKv,1995 wLª.
37. kvgvwqjyb bex, kvqL Ave`yi inxg, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, Ryb, 1987 wLª.
38. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, Abyev`: Ave`yj Rjxj, †Møve jvB‡eªwi wjt, 40 b_©eªæK nj †ivW, XvKv, 1986 wLª.
39. mnxn Avj-eyLvix (6LÐ), Aby: Aa¨vcK mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avjx cÖg~L,BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, 1982 wLª.
40. mnxn gymwj‡gi gyKvÏvgv, Aby: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi,evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv
41. AvLjvKzb bex (mv.), gynv¤§` Avng` gyLZvi Kgi, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1994 wLª.
42. Avey `vD` kixd (3 LÐ), Aa¨ÿ gynv¤§` BqvKze kixd cÖgyL, Bdvev, XvKv, 1990 wLª.
43. Avj-Avèyj gydiv` (2 LÐ), gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, Bdvev, XvKv, 1994 wLª.
44. Avmvnûm wmqvi, gvIjvbv Av. Q. g. gvngy`yj nvQvb Lvb cÖgyL, Bdvev, XvKv, 1996 wLª.
45. Bj‡g nv`x‡m fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ae`vb, nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv,Bdvev,XvKv,1993 wLª.
46. Dg`v Avj-AvnKvg, Gbvgyj nK †g‡mwi, G. †K. Gg. gvngy`yi ingvb cÖgyL, 1990 wLª.
125
47. KziAvb-nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K DbœwZi PvweKvwV, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, gvKZvevZzj Avkivd
48. Rv‡g AvZ-wZiwghx (4 LÐ), gynv¤§` gymv, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1994 wLª.
49. ZvRix`yj †evLvix (L.1), Ave`yj Rjxj, †di‡`․m cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 1995 wLª.
50. ZiRgvbym& mybœvn, gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1994 wLª.
51. wZiwghx kixd (4 LÐ), gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`, Bdvev, XvKv, 1993 wLª.
52. dZû Avj-gvivg kiwn dqwR Avj-Kvjvg, Ave`yj Rjxj, KzZzeLvbv dqwRqv, PÆMªvg, 1399 wn.
53. eyLvix kixd (10 LÐ), gvIjvbv KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn, gvIjvbv Ave`yj Rjxj cÖgyL, 1991 wLª.
54. †evLvix kixd (7 LÐ, gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 1397 wn.
55. gymbv‡` Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyj nK, kvwšÍaviv cÖKvkbx, XvKv 1991 wLª.
56. gymbv‡` Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv, gynv¤§` mv¾v` †nv‡mb, b~i jvB‡eªwi, K·evRvi, 1991 wLª.
57. gymwjg bvix‡ì cÖwZ imyjyjøvni Dc‡`k, mvC` wgmevn, †gvnv¤§`x eyK nvDm, XvKv, 1992 wLª.
58. gymwjg kixd, gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x,gvIjvbv KzZzeyÏxb cÖgyL, Bdvev, XvKv, 1991 wLª.
59. gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK (2 LÐ), gynv¤§` wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, Bdvev, XvKv, 1995 wLª.
60. †gkKvZ kixd (11 LÐ), gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (1-6 LÐ), Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi,XvKv, 1990 wLª.
61. ki‡n byLevZzj wdKvi, gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjx, Abyev`K KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ, 1998 wLª.
62. mnxn gymwjg, gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1992 wLª.
63. mnxn gymwjg kixd, gynv¤§` Aveyj dvZvn fyTv, †gvnv¤§`x jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 1993 wLª.
64. mnxûj eyLvix, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`ym mvgv`, W. kvn Ave`yj gwR`, XvKv, 1992 wLª.
65. mybœ‡Z ivmy‡ji AvBbMZ gh©v`v, gynv¤§` g~mv, mv‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x wimvP© GKv‡Wgx, XvKv
66. mybvby Avex `vD` (1g LÐ), gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` cÖgyL, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv
67. nv`xm AvievCb, gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix , Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 1991 wLª.
68. nv`x‡m Kz`mx, gynv¤§` iwdKzj Bmjvg †P․ayix, Bbw÷wUDU Ae UªvÝ‡jkvb GÛ wimvP©, PÆMÖvg
69. mnR kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, gvIjvbv Rwni DwÏb evei, Avj-KvImvi cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 2007 wLª.
70. gyqvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`, AvjnvR¡ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 2003 wLª.
71. Avj-Av`veyj gydiv`, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100, 2001wLª.
72. G‡šÍLv‡e nv`xm, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjvevRvi, XvKv-1100, 2001 wLª.
73. kãv‡_© wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, wmwÏKzi ingvb, f~Bqv cÖKvkbx, evsjv evRvi XvKv-1100, 2008 wLª.
74. kãv‡_© iv‡n Avgj, W.wmwÏKzi ingvb, f~Bqv cÖKvkbx, 38/3 evsjv evRvi XvKv-1100, 2004 wLª.
75. ïAveyj Cgvb, gynv¤§` Lwjjyi ingvb gywgb, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 2006 wLª.
76. mybv‡b Beb gvRvn, gvIjvbv Avey bv‡Qi gynv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2009 wLª.
77. †gkKvZ kixd, gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb I IevqB` Beb & mv‡jn, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2007 wLª.
78. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb , gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2001 wLª.
79. mnxûj eyLvix, gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK, gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK cÖgyL, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv
80. welq wfwËK nv`x‡m Kz`mx mgMÖ, Avjøvgv bvwmi DwÏb Avjevbx (in.), `viæm mvjvg evsjv‡`k
81. iv‡n Avgj, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK, g°v cvewj‡KkÝ,38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100, 2010wLª.
82. iv‡n Avgj, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK, g°v cvewj‡KkÝ,38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100, 2010 wLª.
83. iv‡n Avgj, Avãyjøvn BDmydx Gg.Gg, Avj-wnkvg cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100, 2014 wLª.
84. iv‡n Avgj, Avãyjøvn BDmydx Gg.Gg, Avj-wnkvg cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100, 2014 wLª.
85. Kvmvmyj nv`xm, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kwdKzj Bmjvg, Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 2014 wLª.
86. nv`x‡m Kz`mx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hyev‡qi, Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 2014 wLª.
87. ¯^fve m¤ú‡K© Pwjøk nv`xm, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj nvjxg, Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 2010 wLª.
126
88. nv`x‡m Avievqxb, gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dix`cyix, Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv, 2014 wLª.
89. †QvU‡ì mnxn nv`xm wkÿv I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv, gvIjvbv †n`v‡qZyjøvn, gvKZvevZzj Avkivd, XvKv
90. nv`x‡m Kz`mx, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvmyg wejøvn, gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2010wLª.
93. gyËvdvKzb AvjvBwn wdgv BËvdvKv AvjvBwnk kvqLvBb, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2015 wLª.
94. eyjy¸j gvivg, gvIjvbv ivqnvb web gvngy`, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2014 wLª.
95. gyqvËv Bgvg gv‡jK (in.), Avjøvgv AvwRRyj nK, gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2017 wLª.
96. mybv‡b bvmvC kixd, gvIjvbv Avey bv‡mi gynv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2010 wLª.
97. wZiwghx kixd, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvhnviæj Bmjvg, gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2018 wLª.
98. mnxn gymwjg kixd, nv‡dR gvIjvbv gydwZ gynv¤§` RvKvwiqv, gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv, 2018 wLª.
99. mnxn e½vbyev` eyLvix kixd, kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv AvwRRyj nK, evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ
100. gymwjg kixd (e½vbyev`), gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg, evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ,XvKv, 2014 wLª.
101. wZiwghx kixd (mnxn e½vbyev`), gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg, evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv
102. wgkKvZzj gvmvexn, kvqLyj nv`xm †gvnv¤§` AvwRRyj nK cÖgyL, evW© cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 2018 wLª.
105. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, gydwZ gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 2013 wLª.
106. Bgvg eyLvixi KvVMovq Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm m¤úª`vq, gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, XvKv, 2017 wLª.
107. Zvdmx‡i KziAv‡b Rvj nv`xm, gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, 11/1 evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2013 wLª.
108. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K ¸Yv‡ni kvw¯Í, gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, 11/1 evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2017 wLª.
109. mnxn eyLvix kixd, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvwRRyj nK, Avwjd cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100, 2015 wLª.
110. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, gydwZ gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv, Avwjd cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100, 2010 wLª.
111. iv‡n Avgj, Avãyjøvn BDm~dx Gg. Gg, Avj-wnkvg cvewj‡KkÝ evsjv evRvi, XvKv, 2014 wLª.
112. mnxn †evLvix kixd, gvIjvbv ggZvR DwÏb Avng` I Avnmvb nvexe, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv
113. mnxn gymwjg kixd, dRjyi ingvb gywÝ I gvIjvbv Bwjqvm, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi,XvKv-2013 wLª.
114. mnxn wZiwghx kixd, dRjyi ingvb gywÝ cÖgyL, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv- 2013 wLª.
115. mnxn bvmvC kixd, dRjyi ingvb gywÝ cÖgyL, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv-2014 wLª.
116. mnxn Avey `vD` kixd, gvIjvbv Avãyi Mdzi I dRjyi ingvb, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv-2014 wLª.
117. mybv‡b Beb gvRvn kixd, gydwZ gvIjvbv Avãyj Mdzi, †nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv- 2014 wLª.
118. dvhv‡q‡j Avgj, gydwZ gynv¤§` Devq`yjøvn, `viæj wKZve, XvKv-2001 wLª.
119. dvhv‡q‡j mv`vKvZ, gydwZ gynv¤§` Devq`yjøvn, `viæj wKZve, XvKv- 2004 wLª.
120. gyšÍvLve nv`xm, nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hyev‡qi Qv‡ne, `viæj wKZve, XvKv- 2010 wLª.
121. iv‡n Avgj, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj KvBqyg, dvwng eyK wW‡cv, XvKv-20018 wLª.
123. G‡šÍLve nv`xm, †Mvjvg myenvb wmwÏKx, cÖ‡dmiÔm cÖKvkbx, XvKv-1100, 2007 wLª.
124. mnxûj eyLvix, ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, 90,nvRx Avãyjøvn miKvi †jb, eskvj, XvKv, 2003 wLª.
125. mnxn gymwjg, nv`xm GKv‡Wgx, 214,eskvj †ivW, XvKv-1100, 2002 wLª.
126. mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx, ûmvBb web †mvnive ûmvBb cÖgyL, Avjgv`vbx cÖKvkbx, XvKv-1100, Zv.we
127. hÔCd mybvb AvZ-wZiwghx, ûmvBb web †mvnive cÖgyL, ûmvBb Avjgv`vbx cÖKvkbx, XvKv, Zv.we
128. ì‡m wZiwghx, gydwZ wgRvbyi ingvb, Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, XvKv-2016 wLª.
M. evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xmMÖ‡š’i Abyev`
1. bvmiæj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvix, gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏmxK cÖgyL, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, XvKv
2. AvbIqviæj wgkKvZ ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvmvexn, gvI. Avngv` gvqg~b cÖgyL, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv
3. ì‡m wZiwghx, gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn Bnmvb, gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni cÖgyL, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, XvKv
4. BbÔAvgyj evix ki‡n eyLvix, gvIjvbv Aveyj nvqvZ gynv¤§` Zv‡iK, Bmjvwgqv KyZzeLvbv, XvKv
127
5. dqhyj gybÔBg ki‡n gyKvÏvgv‡q gymwjg, gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏmxK cÖgyL, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv
6. wbqvgyj gybÔBg ki‡n gymwjg, gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avng`, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv
7. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, gvIjvbv gvndzRyi ingvb wmwÏKx, Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv
N. evsjv fvlvq Dm~j I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqKMÖš’
1. nv`x‡miZË¡ I BwZnvm, gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx, Gg`vw`qv cy¯K Í vjq (cÖv.) wj., XvKv, 1966 wLª.
2. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg in., Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1970 wLª.
3. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, Aby: gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` BDmyd †bvgvb I Bgivb, Bmjvgx GKv‡Wgx
4. nv`xm cwiwPwZ: fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvZt¯§iYxq AvDwjqv I gynvwÏQxb, gvIjvbv idxK Avng`,
Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªwi, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg, 1989 wLª.
5. wQnvn wmËvnÕi ivex cwiwPZ, nv‡dR gynv¤§` Imgvb Mwb, PÆMÖvg, 1988 wLª.
6. nv`xm eY©bvKvix GKkZ mvnvex, gynv¤§` QvBdzÏxb, nK jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 1991 wLª.
7. Avmnv‡e imy‡ji Rxeb K_v, gynv¤§` Avey`j gvÕey`, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 1991 wLª.
8. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, W. G. wKD. Gg kvgmy Avjg I W. Av. K. g. Ave`yj Kv‡ì, 1993 wLª.
9. nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I cwifvlv, †gvt AvZvDj nK, mvDw`qv KzZzeLvbv, wiqvR gv‡K©U, PKevRvi, 1995 wLª.
10. AvmgvDi wiRvj, gvIbvjv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, evsjvevRvi, XvKv, 1995 wLª.
11. nv`xmkv¯¿ I Zvi µgweKvk, `vIiv‡q nv`x‡miQvÎe„›`, RvwgÕAv kiÕBqv, gvwjevM, XvKv, 1995 wLª.
12. nv`xmkv¯¿ cwiwPwZ, gvnv¤§` kvgmyj nK †`․jZcyix, Bdvev, XvKv, 1995 wLª.
13. Zvix‡L Bjgyj nv`xQ, Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †P․ayix, mvDw`qv KzZzeLvbv, XvKv, 1997 wLª.
14. ZvBmxiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xm, W. †gv. kwdKzj Bmjvg, Avj-evivKv jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv
15. Dj~gyj nv`xQ, W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, †m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP©, ivRkvnx, 2000 wLª.
16. nv`xm kv‡¯¿i BwZe„wË, Abyev`: W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn, gvKZvevZzk-kvwdqv, ivRkvnx, 2001 wLª.
17. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë, W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, A¨vWY© cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 2001 wLª.
18. AvmgvDi wiRvj, gvIjvbv Aveyj gynwmb Ab~w`Z, Avi.AvB.Gm cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv, 2002 wLª.
19. nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ, Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv, gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, XvKv, 2009 wLª.
20. Dj~gyj nv`xm Kx I †Kb ? gydwZ gynv¤§` BmgvCj, nid cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv, Zv.we
21. nv`xm wb‡q weåvwšÍ, W. Av. Q. g ZixKzj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv, 2010 wLª.
22. cÖ‡kœvË‡i Dj~gyj nv`xm, gydwZ Avãym mvjvg mybvgMÄx, Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, 2010 wLª.
23. nv`xm †evSvi g~jbxwZ, W. Avey Avgxbv wejvj wdwjá, wmqvb cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv, 2017 wLª.
24. wcÖwÝcj Ae nv`xm, kvBL Avãyjøv&n gviædx, gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, XvKv, 2021wLª.,
DwjøwLZ we‡køl‡Y fviZxq Dcgvn‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb I PP©v; G avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg
cÖPvi I nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb ch©v‡jvPbv Ges evsjv fvlv-mvwn‡Z¨ nv`xm PP©vi AZxZ-eZ©gvb wb‡q GKwU
g~j¨vqb Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿ weKv‡ki ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi g~j
D‡Ïk¨ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm PP©vi cÖ‡ekØvi mbv³ Kiv| hvi µgavivq cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ
nv`xmMÖš’ivwRi •ewkó¨vejx we‡køwlZ n‡e|
128
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I êwkó¨ wePvi
PZz_© Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xm

MÖš’vejx : ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
129
PZz_© Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
Ôevsjv fvlvÕ c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg fvlvmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg| GwU GK †M․i‡ev¾¡j i³mœvZ HwZn¨mg„× fvlv| hvi
Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Q G fvlvi m~h© mšÍv‡biv| hv‡ì ¯§i‡Y-m¤§v‡b wek¦e¨vcx cvwjZ nq ÔAvšÍR©vwZK
gvZ…fvlv wèmÕ| G fvlvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ kvLvq AmsL¨ MÖš’| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
GKwU Ask Abyev` mvwnZ¨| wewfbœ fvlvq iwPZ Ávbmg„× mvwnZ¨fvÐvi Abyev‡ì gva¨‡g DrKwl©Z n‡q‡Q
evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨‡Kvl| Bmjv‡gi g~j Drm KziAvb I nv`xm; hvi fvlv Aviex| Avi G fvlv †_‡K
KziAvb-nv`xm Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg©wU †h‡nZz
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v welqK, ZvB G Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ-msKwjZ I Ab~w`Z-e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm
MÖš’vejxi AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡e Ges G‡ì ¯îƒc, welqe¯‘ I •ewkó¨ wePvi Kiv n‡e| M‡elYvi cwiwa
1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 ch©šÍ wba©viY Kiv n‡jI M‡elYvKg©wU †h․w³K Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb (2021 mvj) ch©šÍ
Awb”Qv m‡ËI we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx ch©v‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© †Kvb
`k‡K Kx cwigvY nv`xm MÖš’ evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Ges µge„w×i nvi KZUzKz Zv mn‡R AbymÜvb
Kivi cÖZ¨‡q G Aa¨vqwU‡K mvZ `k‡K wef³ KiZt (wesk I GKwesk kZ‡Ki) cÖ‡Z¨K `k‡Ki AšÍM©Z
MÖš’¸‡jv‡K wZb fv‡M web¨¯Í K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡e|
cÂv‡ki `k‡K iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm MÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
4.1 evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’vejx
1. evsjv nv`xm kwid1
MÖš’Kvi: Lvb evnv`yi AvnQvb Djøvn (1873-1965); cÖKvk¯’vb: AvnQvwbqv jvB‡eªwi, Lyjbv;
cÖKvkKvj: 1952 wLª.; c„ôv msL¨v: 44, (1g LÐ) G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ wKQz Rvbv hvqwb|
2. nvw`‡Qi Av‡jv
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` AvRnvi DÏxb; cÖKvk¯’vb: †eMg nvwjgv LvZzb, †cvt j²x‡Kvj, dwi`cyi; cÖKvkKvj:
1952 wLª. g~j¨: 5 UvKv|
3. Avj-nv`xm2
MÖš’Kvi: ‡gvt †gnive Avjx; cÖKvk¯’vb: DËi e½ cÖKvkbx, w`bvRcyi; cÖKvkKvj: 1955 wLª.,2q
ms¯‥iY; c„ôv msL¨v: 58 c„.
4. Awgq evYx kZK3
MÖš’Kvi: W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn (1885-1969); g~jMÖš’: gvkvwiKzj Av‡bvqvi; cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡i‡bmvum
wcÖ›Uvm©; cÖKvkKvj: 1955 wLª.,2q ms¯‥iY; c„ôv msL¨v: 39 c„.
5. †kl bexi evYx
MÖš’Kvi: gyn¤§` b~iæj nK (1907-1987); cÖKvkKvj: 1956 wLª.; c„ôv msL¨v: 84; GwU wm‡jU †_‡K
†gvt BKevj †P․ayix KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq|4
1 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„. 382| (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv Rvqwb|)
2 cÖv¸³
3 cÖv¸³
4 cÖv¸³, c„. 382
130
6. nvw`Q MÖš’5
MÖš’Kvi: Lvb evnv`yi AvnQvb Djøvn; cÖKvk¯’vb: Iqvm©x eyK †m›Uvi, XvKv; cÖKvkKvj: 1956 wLª.;c„ôv
msL¨v: 168 | G eB m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|
7. nvw`‡Qi Av‡jv
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` AvRnvi DÏxb; cÖKvk¯’vb: †eMg nvwjgv LvZzb, dwi`cyi; cÖKvkKvj: 1932 wLª., 1g
ms¯‥iY; c„ôv msL¨v: 304 c„.; 2q ms¯‥iY: 1950, 3q ms¯‥iY: †cÖwm‡WwÝ jvB‡eªwi, 1962 wLª., 5g
ms¯‥iY: Avngv` cvewj‡KkÝ, 1986 wLª., G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ gvby‡li •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z
1025wU nv`x‡mi evsjv Abyev` I e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q|6
8. wek¦bexi fvlY7
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Avey jv‡qQ AvbQvix; cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, dwi`cyi; cÖKvkKvj: 1960
wLª., 1g ms¯‥iY; c„ôv msL¨v: 272
9. nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx8
MÖš’Kvi: wRqvDb bvnvi †eMg; cÖKvk¯’vb: eB Ni, PÆMÖvg; cÖKvkKvj: 1957 wLª.; c„ôv msL¨v: 60
4.2 evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖš’vejx

10. nv`x‡m AvievBb ev 40 nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Beb `vKx‡K- G-mvÔ` (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dix`cyix (in.)
cÖKvk¯’vb : Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, cÖKvkKvj: 1948 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 62
ch©v‡jvPbv: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dix`cyix in.(1895-1969) nv`x‡m AvievBb ev 40 nv`xm MÖš’wUi mvay
evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib| GwU 1974 mv‡j 2q ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci 1991 mv‡j MÖš’wUi mßg
ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq|9 Gi c‡i Avi cÖKv‡ki msev` Rvbv hvqwb Ges eZ©gv‡b evRv‡i eBwU cvIqv hvq
bv| cÖKvkbxi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡j, Zviv Rvbvb A‡bK eQi Av‡M †_‡KB Gi Qvcv eÜ i‡q‡Q|
11. ZvRix`yj eyLvix (2 LÐ)
g~j: Aveyj AveŸvm hBb DÏxb Avng` hv‡e`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1g LÐ, Abyev`K:
Ave`yi ingvb Lvb, gvIjvbv wejv‡qZ †nv‡mb, gvIjvbv gymZvdxRyi ingvb, G.Gd.Gg. Ave`yj nK, †kL
Ave`yi inxg, W. G.†K.Gg. Avqye Avjx, gvIjvbv mvB‡q` gvhnvi Avjx, gvIjvbv Ave`yj gRx` iæk`x,
W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1958wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 495, g~j¨: 10 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_g L‡Ð ZvRix`yj eyLvixi 1 bs †_‡K 1163 bs ch©šÍ nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ c„ôvq
evg cv‡k Aviex‡Z nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q Ges Wvb cv‡k Gi mvay ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv hvq, ÒgyMxiv Beb ïÕev (iv) ewjqv‡Qb, ùvovBqv bvgvh cwo‡Z cwo‡Z bex (mv.) Gi
`yB cv dzwjqv DwVZ| Zuvnv‡K (GB Kó) m¤^‡Ü ejv nB‡j wZwb ewj‡Zb, Z‡e wK Avwg ïKzi¸hvi ev›`v
nBe bv?Ó10 m¤¢Z ZvRix`yj eyLvixi e½vbyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î GUvB cÖ_g cÖqvm| Gi 2q LÐ 1975 mv‡j evsjv
GKv‡Wgx cÖKvk K‡i|
5 cÖv¸³
6 cÖv¸³, (G eB m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
8 cÖv¸³, c„. 388, (G eB m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
9 cÖv¸³, c„. 382
10 Aveyj AveŸvm hBb DÏxb Avng` hv‡e`x, Abyev`K gÐjx, ZvRix`yj eyLvix, L.1, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1958wLª.,c„. 254
131
12. nv`xm kixd

Abyev`: Lvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb Luv, cÖKvk¯’vb : cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªwi, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 1955 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 1800| GwU 3 L‡Ð mgvß wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev` MÖš’| G‡Z g~j nv`xm Aviex‡Z
wjwce× K‡i bx‡P mvay ixwZi evsjv Abyev` mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13. ‡evLvix kixd (1g LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi :Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.), Abyev`: ‡gvt †gvni Avjx, cÖKvk¯’vb :
Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, cÖKvkKvj: 1959wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 218|
14. gnvbexi evYxi evYx11
MÖš’Kvi: Avjøvgv gvgyb †mvnivIi`x, Abyev`: Avmv`yj wKewiqv, cÖKvk¯’vb: cÖRvcwZ, cÖKvkKvj: 1960
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80|
D‡jøL¨, G (cÂv‡ki) `k‡K evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †Kvb Abyev`Kg© Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvqwb|
lv‡Ui `k‡K iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xmMÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi

4.1 evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx
1. nv`x‡mi evYx
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj dRj, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
248wU| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` Aveyj dRj mvay evsjvq wPËvKl©K Dc¯’vcbvq nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx
Aej¤^‡b MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb| DwjøwLZ MÖ‡š’ 67wU nv`x‡mi Mí ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Gi †P‡q †ewk wKQz
Rvbv hvqwb|
2. Kvjvg-B-im~j (`.)12
MÖš’Kvi: KvRx Aveyj †nv‡mb, cÖKvk¯’vb: bI‡ivR, dwi`cyi, cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
58wU| dwi`cy‡ii cviKzjvi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` KvRx Aveyj †nv‡mb (1909-1974) KZ©K „ ÔKvjvg-B-
ivm~jÕ (`.) wk‡ivbv‡g 1961 mv‡j nv`xm msKjb K‡ib|
3. mn¯ª nv`xm13
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gwReyi ingvb (1938-1991), cÖKvk¯’vb: g`xbv cvewj‡KkvÝ, cÖKvkKvj: 1964
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 205| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` gvIjvbv gwReyi ingvb (1938-1991)G‡Z nv`xm
Aej¤^‡b iwPZ 67wU Kvwnbx ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
4. cqMv‡g gynv¤§`x14
MÖš’Kvi: Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje (1936), cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK wimvP© GKv‡Wwg, cÖKvkKvj: 1968 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 257wU| •mq` myjvBgvb Avjx b`fx (1884-1950) iwPZ ÒcqMv‡g gynv¤§v`xÓ MÖ‡š’i
e½vbyev` K‡ib Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje (1936)| 1975 mv‡j BmjvwgK †m›Uvi †_‡K 257 c„ôvi G
MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq Ges MÖš’wUi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I RbwcÖqZv we‡ePbvq wb‡q 1980 mv‡j BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb w`bvRcyi kvLv †_‡K 183 c„ôvq Z…Zxq ev‡ii gZ cÖKvwkZ nq| eZ©gv‡b evRv‡i eBwU
cvIqv hvq bv|
11 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„. 386, (G eB m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
12 cÖv¸³, c„. 382
13 cÖv¸³, c„. 383
14 cÖv¸³
132
5. nv`xm mÂqb15
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` gyRvddi ûmvBb, cÖKvk¯’vb: w` wcÖ›Uvm© cvewjkvm©, cÖKvkKvj: 1969 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 192wU| 1969 wLªóv‡ã biwms`x †Rjvi ivqcyivi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` gynv¤§` gyRvddi ûmvBb
(1906-1983) w` wcÖ›Uvm© cvewjkvm© †_‡K Ônv`xm mÂqbÕ bvgK 192 c„ôvi nv`xm msKjbwU
cÖKvwkZ nq|
6. nv`x‡mi evYx
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj dRj, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v:
248wU| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` Aveyj dRj G‡Z nv`x‡mi NUbv Aej¤^‡b iwPZ 67wU Kvwnbx ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|
7. AvLjv‡K cqMv¤îx16
MÖš’Kvi: †gvnv¤§` BDQzd Avwkqvqx, cÖKvk¯’vb: †ggb †L`gZ KwgwU, Bmjvwg mvwnZ¨ mve-KwgwU 55,
mìNvU, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î, 1969 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 76, g~j¨: 0.60 UvKv| GwU ÿz`ª
cwim‡i GKwU nv`xm msKjb| G‡Z ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi PwiÎ-gvayh© I gymwjg‡ì •`bw›`b
RxebNwbô wewfbœ wel‡q me©‡gvU 250wU nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv evsjv mvayixwZ
Abymi‡Y Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e nv`x‡mi †Kvbiƒc e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv nqwb| DwjøwLZ nv`xm¸‡jvi
AwaKvskB wmnvn wmËv †_‡K Pqb K…Z Ges cÖwZwU nv`xm mb` wfwËK ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
8. GKkZ nv`xm I `x‡bi K_v17,
MÖš’Kvi: Avãym †mvenvb, cÖKvk¯’vb : †KviAvb gwÄj, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1965 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
137wU|
9. Kvjvg-B-imyj18
MÖš’Kvi: KvRx Aveyj †nv‡mb, cÖKvk¯’vb : bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 58wU|
10. wek¦bexi fvlY19
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj jv‡qQ AvbQvix, cÖKvk¯’vb : Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1960 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 272wU|
11. nv`xm Kvwnbx
MÖš’Kvi: Ljxjyi ingvb gywgb, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avj GQnvK cÖKvkbx, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1966 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 92, g~j¨: 48 UvKv| G‡Z nv`xm Aej¤^‡b iwPZ 67wU Kvwnbx ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|20
12. nv`xm kixd (4LÐ)

MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg, cÖKvk¯’vb : Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, 13, KviKzb evox †jb, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïiæi w`‡K eû MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi inxg GB Ònv`xm kixdÓ
wk‡ivbv‡gi MÖš’wU msKj‡bi Kv‡R nvZ †`b| ZLb evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP© v I MÖš’ iPbv D‡jøL‡hvM¨
cwigv‡Y nqwb| wZwb avivevwnKfv‡e G msKj‡bi 3 L‡Ði KvR mgvß K‡ib| AZtci 4_© L‡Ði msKjb
Kv‡j gnvb i‡ei Wv‡K mvov w`‡q P‡j hvb| Zvi wbR¯^ Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx H Amgvß 4_© LÐwU Z…Zxq L‡Ði
15 cÖv¸³
16 W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvk, XvKv: A¨vWY© cvewj‡Kkb, 2009 wLª., c„.270
17 Avjnv¾ †gv: Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„. 104,(G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
18 cÖv¸³, c„. 104, (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
20 Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x Avj-Avhnvix, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v, cÖv¸³, c„. 51, (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Gi †ekx wKQz Rvbv hvqwb|)
133
mv‡_ Ry‡o w`‡q cÖKvk K‡i| GB MÖ‡š’i msKjb c×wZi w`‡K `„wó w`‡j †`Lv hvq †h, GwU‡Z nv`x‡mi g~j
BeviZ nvivKvZmn Aviex‡Z D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`x‡mi
g~j Bevi‡Zi g‡a¨ KwVb I RwUj k‡ãi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi fvev_© we‡kølY I
nv`xm n‡Z gvmAvjv wba©vi‡Y KziAvb-nv`xm D‡jøLc~e©K hyw³MÖvn¨ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1964 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 219, g~j¨: 120 UvKv| G L‡Ð Cgvb, Bmjvg,
Bjg, PwiÎ, Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjb, Bmjvgx ivóª I wePvi eë¯’v BZ¨vw` wel‡qi nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2q LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1966 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 346, g~j¨: 160 UvKv| G‡Z cweÎZv, bvgvh, †ivRv, hvKvZ I
nR¡ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
3q I 4_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1966 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 346, g~j¨: 160 UvKv| G 3q L‡Ð weevn, cÖRbb
ÿgZv aŸsm Kiv, wnjv weevn, weevn c~e© K‡b †`Lv, DËg ¯¿xi cwiPq BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z 45wU wel‡q Ges
beRvZ‡Ki cÖwZ KiYxq m¤ú‡K© 17wU wel‡q Ges ZvjvK cÖm‡½ 13wU wel‡qi nv`xm 318 c„ôve¨vcx
Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz G fwjD‡g 3q I 4_© LÐ GK‡Î web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q ZvB 4_© L‡Ð mvgvwRK
Rxeb cÖm‡½ cvi¯úwiK `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨, mvjvg, gymvdvnv, gyAvbvKv, gRwj‡m Avmb MÖnY, Kv‡iv
m¤§v‡b `vov‡bv, wewfbœ A½-cÖZ¨‡½i cwi®‥vi-cwi”QbœZv BZ¨vw` 12wU wel‡q nv`xm (319-358c„.) msKjb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
13. nv`x‡m imyj21
MÖš’Kvi: Avjx nvq`vi †P․ayix, cÖKvk¯’vb : iæûj Avgxb wbRvgx, cÖKvkKvj: 1968 wLª.|
14. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K ìƒ` I mvjvg
MÖš’Kvi: gdRj Avng` Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb : Beb Ljxj, euvkLvjx, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 44, g~j¨: 15 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ bex Kvixg (mv.) Gi cÖwZ mvjvZ I mvjvg cv‡Vi ¸iæZ¡-
dhxjZ m¤úwK©Z wel‡q wKQz nv`xm GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j Aviex Bevi‡Z niKZhy³ nv`xm D‡jøL
c~e©K evsjv mvay ixwZ‡Z Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|22
15.nv`x‡mi evYx23
MÖš’Kvi: Avãyjøvn Avj gvgyb †mvnivIqv`©x, Abyev`K: Aveyj dRj , cÖKvkKvj: 1961 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
248, cÖKvk¯’vb : Bmjvgxqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` Aveyj dRj (1903-1983)
KZ©„K Ab~w`Z GKwU nv`xm msKjb| GwU 1961 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ
nq| AZtci 1977 mv‡j bI‡ivR jvB‡eªwi, †_‡K wØZxq ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq| G MÖš’wU g~jZ: Avãyjøvn
Avj gvgyb †mvnivIqv`©xi KZ…©K Bs‡iwR fvlvq iwPZ “Sayings of Islam Muhammad” MÖš’ Aej¤^‡b
e½vbyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q|
16. e½vbyev` kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx24
Abyev`K: ‡gvt dqRyjøvn, cÖKvk¯’vb : Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj: 1963 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
350wU| PÆMÖv‡gi cÖL¨vZ wkÿvwe` †gvt dqRyjøvn KZ©„K Ab~w`Z GKwU nv`xm msKjb| GwU 1963 mv‡j
PÆMÖv‡gi Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi †_‡K wØZxq ms¯‥iY cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci 1976 mv‡j Z…Zxq ms¯‥iY Gg.
mviIqvi Avjg KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq|
21 cÖv¸³, c„. 64 (G eB m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb)

22 W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, cÖv¸³, c„.294
23 gynv¤§` Ave`yi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„. 380
24 cÖv¸³, c„. 394
134
17. gymwjg kixd wKZveyj nR¡25

Abyev`: Avgxbyj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb: g`xbv LvbKvn, wK‡kviMÄ, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1381 wn., c„ôv
msL¨v: 227, g~j¨: 4.50 UvKv| DwjøwLZ wKZvewU mnxn gymwjg kix‡di wKZve Avj-nR¡ Gi 417wU
nv`x‡mi evsjv Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi mgš^q iwPZ| GLv‡b cÖ_‡g Aviex‡Z niKZhy³ g~j nv`xm wjwce× K‡i
mvay evsjv fvlvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
18. †gkKvZ kix‡di e½vbyev`26 (4 LÐ)
Abyev`K : dRjyj Kwig, cÖKvk¯’vb : Bmjvg wgkb jvB‡eªwi, 18 eKkxevRvi †ivW, XvKv| g~j¨: 20
UvKv (Pvi LÐ GK‡Î)|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: 1936 mv‡j wkÿvwe` dRjyj Kixg wgkKvZ kix‡di Bs‡iwR Abyev` ÔAvj nv`xmÕ
bv‡g cÖKvk K‡ib| Zuvi GB Bs‡iwR Abyev`wU e¨vcKfv‡e RbM‡Yi gv‡S Av‡jvob m„wó K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z
wZwb Gi mvay evsjvq Abyev` K‡i Ò‡gkKvZ kixdÓ wk‡ivbv‡g 4 L‡Ð Zv cÖKvk K‡ib| GLv‡b nv`x‡mi
g~j cvV †bB| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi mswÿß g~j e³e¨ wUKv ms‡hvMc~e©K wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Rbve
dRjyj Kixg wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev` cÖKvk K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xmMÖ‡š’i cÖ_g mvwii Abyev`K
wn‡m‡e Awe¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡eb| D³ MÖ‡š’i Pvi L‡Ði eY©bv wb¤œiƒc-
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk, AvMó-1949wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 1-452wU| G L‡Ð cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡ì wbq¨vZ
ev g‡bi B”Qv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡ì kvwšÍ I weev` ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we, c„ôv msL¨v: 453-950| G L‡Ð cÂg cwi‡”Q‡ì M„‡n cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ
cÖm½ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 23k cwi‡”Q‡ì gvbZ Kiv ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi Abyev` AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î, 1976 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 951-1488| G L‡Ð 24k cwi‡”Q‡ì †d․R`vix
AvBb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 34k cwi‡”Q‡ì evqy ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: AvMó, 1962 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1489-2016, G L‡Ð 35k cwi‡”Q‡ì bZzb Puv` †`Lv
†_‡K ïiæ K‡i 49k cwi‡”Q‡ì nhi‡Zi mvnex‡ì KvivgZ ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi Abyev` ¯’vb †`qv n‡q‡Q|
19. kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgRx27
Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dRjyjøvn, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, Av›ìwKjøv, PÆMÖvg|, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk-AvM÷, 1960wLª. wØZxq cÖKvk-1996 wLª.m c„ôv msL¨v: 38, g~j¨: 150 UvKv| DwjøwLZ MÖš’wU Bgvg
wZiwghx (in.) msKwjZ kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghxi evsjv Abyev`| G MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡Z¨K c„ôvi Wvb cv‡k g~j nv`xm
wjwce× K‡i Aci cv‡k evsjv Abyev` I myk„•Ljfv‡e nv`x‡mi g~j e³e¨ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ bex
(mv.) Gi ûwjqv †gvevi‡Ki eY©bv †_‡K bex Kixg‡K (mv.) ¯^cœ‡hv‡M w``v‡ii eY©bv ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 56wU
Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AbymÜv‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, GwUB evsjv fvlvq kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghxi cÖ_g e½vbyev`|
20. ‡gkKvZ kixd (11 LÐ)
Abyev`: gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (1-6 LÐ), gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb KvqQvi (7-11 LÐ), cÖKvk¯’vb:
Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (in.) GKRb
Awe¯§iYxq e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ Ò‡gkKvZ kixdÓ GKwU hyM‡kÖô KvjRqx Abyev` Kg©| G‡Z
cÖ_‡g g~j †gkKvZ kix‡di nvivKvZhy³ Aviex‡Z nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay ixwZi e½vbyev` wjwce×
Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq nv`x‡mi h_v_© e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1956 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m gvIjvbv
AvRgx wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev‡ì KvR Avi¤¢ K‡ib| wZwb wgkKv‡Zi cÖ_g Qq (1-6) L‡Ði
Abyev` m¤úbœ K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi g„Zz¨Kvj ch©šÍ 16 eQi †gkKvZ kix‡di Aewkó As‡ki Abyev` KvR eÜ

26 cÖv¸³, c„.344-345(we.`ª.)
27 cÖv¸³, c„.347-348(we.`ª.)
135
_v‡K| gvIjvbv AvRgxi BwšÍKv‡ji ci KZ©„cÿ ivqcyi Avwjqv gvìvmvi Dcva¨ÿ, kvqLyj nv`xm
gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi‡K G `vwqZ¡ n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| wZwb Zvi c~e©m~ix gvIjvbv AvRgxi ixwZ I c×wZ
Abymi‡Y evKx 5 LÐ Abyev` Abyev`Kg© m¤úbœ K‡ib| meLÐ GK m‡½ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j gvIjvbv AvRgx
I Kvqmv‡ii †jLvi g‡a¨ †Kvb ZviZg¨ `„wó †MvPi nq bv; eis g‡b nq, me¸‡jv GKB nv‡Zi †Qvuqvq
my‡kvfv gwÐZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB hyM hyM a‡i ev½vjx nv`xm cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q G Abyev`wUi e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv
cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1965 wLª., 10g gy`Yª -†deªæqvix, 2011wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 105, g~j¨: 200
UvKv| G‡Z Abyev` I e¨vL¨vq Abym„Z bxwZ, weÁv‡bi gvcKvVx‡Z nv`xm wePvi, †gkKvZ kix‡di cwiPq
Ges G MÖ‡š’ †h mKj Bgv‡gi m~‡Î nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì weeiY, M„nxZ wKZv‡ei bvg I g~j
MÖš’Kv‡ii f‚wgKv BZ¨vw` wel‡q 25 c„ôve¨vcx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wbq¨vZ I wKZve-mybœvn‡K
`„pfv‡e AuvK‡o aiv Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb 1-187 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q gy`ªY-1974 wLª., 13Zg gy`Yª -2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 323, g~j¨: 365 UvKv| G
L‡Ð Bjg ce© †_‡K Zvkvnû‡ì g‡a¨ `yÕAv Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 188-896 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1968 wLª., 8g gy`Yª -2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 254, g~j¨: 300 UvKv|
G L‡Ð bvgv‡hi ci `yÔAv Kvjvg n‡Z SoZzdvb I †gNe„wóKvjxb KiYxq ce© -Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 897-
1436 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q gy`ªY-Rvbyqvwi 1977wLª., 10g gy`Yª -2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 344, g~j¨: 100
UvKv| G‡Z hvbvRv ce© n‡Z †ivRv ce© Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 1437-2006 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1979 wLª., 6ô gy`Yª -2008wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 379, g~j¨: 330 UvKv| G‡Z
†KviAv‡bi gh©v`v ce© †_‡K nR¡ ce©-Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 2007-3738 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1980 wLª., 7g gy`Yª -1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 283, g~j¨: 300 UvKv| G‡Z
DcvR©b Kiv Ges nvjvj †ivRMv‡ii Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv, †QvU‡ì eqtcÖvß nIqv Ges Zv‡ì jvjb-cvjb
c‡e©i Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 3739-3235 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx
(1-6 LÐ) Ab~w`Zvsk mgvß n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, G (lv‡Ui) `k‡K evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †Kvb Abyev` Kg© Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvqwb|
mË‡ii `k‡K iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm MÖš’vejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. nvw`Q cwiPq
MÖš’Kvi: kvn †gvt gbQzi Avjx Avj-wPkZx (1840-1983), cÖKvk¯’vb: Kzwóqv, cÖKvkKvj: 1972 wLª.,
4_© ms¯‥iY| G MÖš’wU m¤ú‡K© Gi †P‡q †ewk wKQz Rvbv hvqwb|
2. Avi‡ki Qvqvq28
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Mixeyjøvn gvmiæi Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: AvwRwRqv KzZzeLvbv, evqZzj gyKviig
mycvi gv‡K©U, XvKv; cÖKvkKvj: 1977 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 222, g~j¨: 35 UvKv|
3. Pwjøk nv`xm I Pwjøk evYx
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj ReŸvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: evqZzk kid Bmjvgx M‡elYv cÖwZôvb,
awbqvjvcvov, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1978, PZz_© ms¯‥iY, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 48,
g~j¨: 20 UvKv| PÆMÖvg evqZzk kid Gi cxi gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj ReŸvi G nv`xm cyw¯ÍKvwUi
msKjK | G cy¯Í‡K PwjøkwU nv`xm Aviex‡Z D×„Z K‡i Zvi evsjv Abyev` mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
28 Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x Avj-Avhnvix, Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vÕ, gvwmK AMÖcw_K, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, RyjvB,
1998wLª., c„. 61 (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv hvqwb|)
136
4. †QvU‡ì nv`xm kixd29

MÖš’Kvi: †gvnv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, cÖKvk¯’vb: mvBdx cÖKvkbx, wUKvUzwj, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk,
1977 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 106, g~j¨: 9 UvKv| †gvnv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn iwPZ †QvU‡ì nv`xm kixd MÖ‡š’i
cÖ_g fv‡M i‡q‡Q wmnvn wmËvn I wewfbœ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cwiwPwZ m¤ú‡K© GK g‡bvÁ Dc¯’vcbv|
AZtci Cgvb, Bjg, Avè-Kvq`v BZ¨vw` wel‡q nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v †QvU‡ì Rb¨ wkï‡Zvl fw½‡Z eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b nv`xm niKZhy³ Aviex fvl¨ D×…Z K‡i mvay ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. wgjv`yb&bex (mv.)
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj Rvgvj gynv¤§` ZKxqyjøvn, cÖKvk¯’vb: 115 nvRx Imgvb Mwb †ivW, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
22 GwcÖj, 1977 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 22| G MÖš’wU fvlvweÁvbx I Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni cyÎ
Aveyj Rvgvj gynv¤§` ZKxqyjøvn KZ©„K msKwjZ 100wU nv`x‡mi GKwU msKjb| G‡Z Bmjv‡gi
cÂ¯Í¤¢, Rvwj‡gi kvw¯Í I gywg‡bi KZ©e¨mn •`bw›`b Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq 100wU nv`x‡mi evsjv Abyev`
i‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv cÖavbZ eyLvix I gymwjg kixd †_‡K msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU gvIjv eªv`vm©, 39,
evsjvevRvi, XvKvq cvIqv hvq|
6. nv`xm msKjb (†gvËvdvK AvjvBwn)30
MÖš’Kvi: Ave`yi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: ingvb mÝ cvewj‡KkÝ, 46 †KvU© †ivW, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: 1g
cÖKvk- †g, 1973 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 218, g~j¨: 5 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: †h nv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg HKgZ¨ cÖKvk K‡i wbR wbR MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb
w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡K gyËvdvK AvjvBwn e‡j| eyLvix I gymwjg kix‡d HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q G ai‡bi
301wU nv`x‡mi mgš^‡q D³ nv`xm MÖš’wU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j nv`xm wjwce× Kiv nqwb| G MÖ‡š’i
ïiæ‡Z nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ Ges eyLvix I gymwjg kix‡di •ewkó¨ msµvšÍ 12 c„ôve¨vcx f~ wgKv D¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mvay evsjvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm b¤î wfwËK mvwR‡q wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †Kvb †Kvb
nv`x‡mi ÔAv‡jvPbvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G msKj‡b †Kvb
Aa¨vq web¨vm Kiv nqwb|
7. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K gvbe Rxeb31
MÖš’Kvi: G.†K.Gg. BDm~d, cÖKvk¯’vb: †LjvdZ cvewj‡KkÝ, 22,‡`j †Lvjv †ivW, Lyjbv|
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1974 wLª., 2q cÖKvk-1979 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 262, g~j¨: myjf-15 UvKv,
†kvfb-22 UvKv| †jLK Zvi G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g fv‡M nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f` I Drm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Gi wØZxq fv‡M Cgvb, Bev`Z, mvgvwRK m¤úK©, cvi¯úwiK `vwqZ¡, PwiÎMZ ÎæwUmg~n,
•bwZK ¸Yv¸Y, ûKzgvZ I ciKvj BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g Aa¨vq web¨vm K‡i Zv‡Z me©‡gvU 269wU nv`xm
¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZmn nv`x‡mi Aviex BeviZ D‡jøL K‡i cÖ vÄj evsjv Abyev` I
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8. nv`x‡mi evYx32
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj dRj, cÖKvk¯’vb: bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, 46, evsjvevRvi, XvKv: cÖKvkKvj: wØZxq
gy`Yª - 1977 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 200, g~j¨: 15 UvKv| G MÖš’wU‡Z GK nvRvi nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq
Ab~w`Z nv`xm mÂqb| D×…Z mKj nv`x‡m nhiZ ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi PvwiwÎK †m․›`h© I gvayh©,
Zuvi Av`k© I ¸Yvejx I Bmjv‡gi Rxebv`‡k©i wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q |

30 cÖv¸³, c„.291
31 cÖv¸³, c„.295
32 cÖv¸³, c„.297
137

9. Avj-gybv‡eŸnvZ33
MÖš’Kvi: Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, AbyevK: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj RveŸvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: gmwR`
evqZzk kid, UªvsK †ivW awbqvjv cvov, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1977 wLª., wØZxq ms¯‥iY-
1989wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 138, g~j¨: 30 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ nv`xm MÖš’wU Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) Gi Dc‡`kg~jK nv`xm msKjb|
GwU PÆMÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx ìevi evqZzk ki‡di cxi gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj RveŸvi (in.) Ab~w`Z GKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© nv`xmMÖš’| Aviex †_‡K evsjvq Ab~w`Z G wKZvewU e¯‘yZ: ÿz`ª cwim‡ii GKwU nv`xm mÂqb|
cÖ‡Z¨KwU nv`xm Aviex‡Z D×…Z K‡i wb‡P mij evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z `yB
evK¨hy³ Dc‡`kvejx †_‡K ïiæ K‡i `k evK¨hy³ Dc‡`kvejx ch©šÍ AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10. Qnxn gymwjg kixd (4 LÐ)34
Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †bQviæj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv jvB‡eªwi, Av›ìwKjøv, PÆMÖvg; cÖKvkKvj: 2q
ms¯‥iY-1976 wLª.|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Abyev`K gvIjvbv †bQviæj nK PÆMÖvg PzbwZ nvwKwgqv Avwjg gvìvmvq gy`vwi©m wn‡m‡e
Kg©iZ (1975-1976) Ae¯’vq gymwjg kix‡di evsjv Abyev`Kg© ïiæ K‡ib| cÖ_gZ: MÖš’Kvi g~j nv`xm
D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v mshy³ K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e wZwb Pvi L‡Ð mnxn
gymwj‡gi dvhv‡qjyj Kì Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 1840wU nv`x‡mi Abyev` Kg© mgvß K‡ib|
1g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-1976 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 443, g~j¨: 30 UvKv| G L‡Ð gymwjg kix‡di
gyKvÏvgv I MÖš’Kv‡ii Rxebxmn wKZveyj Cgvb †_‡K ZnvivZ ev cweÎZv I cwi”QbœZv ce©-Gi Aaxb 1-
586 b¤î nv`xm ch©šÍ Av‡jvPbv AšÍf©y³ n‡q‡Q|
2q LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-1976 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 324, g~j¨: 25 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj nv‡qR
†_‡K wKZveym-mvjvZ ch©šÍ 110-185 c‡e©i Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 587-1056 ch©šÍ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
3q LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- †m‡Þ¤î, 1977 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 358, g~j¨: 28 UvKv| G L‡Ð
wKZveym-mvjvZ, gymvwdi I Avj-KziAv‡bi gh©v`v eY©bv Aa¨vq 187-276 ce©-Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î
1057-1840 ch©šÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
4_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: ZvwiL wenxb, c„ôv msL¨v: 338, g~j¨: 45 UvKv| G‡Z 277 Aa¨v‡q Rygvi w`b †Mvmj
Kiv welqK eY©bv †_‡K 348 Aa¨v‡q Kì ivwÎi dwRjZ eY©bvq 1841-2676 b¤î nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
11. ZvRix`yj eyLvix (2 LÐ)
g~j: Aveyj AveŸvm hBb DÏxb Avng` hv‡e`x; cÖKvk¯’vb : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv|
2q LÐ: Abyev`: ‡gvnv¤§` AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRnvix, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- gvP©, 1975 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
347, g~j¨ :25 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx ZvRix`yj †evLvixi cÖ_g LÐ (1958) cÖKv‡ki m‡Zi eQi ci Gi wØZxq LÐ
cÖKvk K‡i| G‡Z g~j Aviexmn nv`xm wjwce× Kiv nqwb| eis ïay mvay ixwZi evsjv Abyev` wjwce× Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G L‡ÐI 1 bs n‡Z 1045 bs ch©šÍ avivevwnK fv‡e Ab~w`Z nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G LÐ
cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g ZvRix`yj eyLvixi Abyev` Kg© c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| G MÖš’wU ag©fxiæ ev½vjx cvVK‡ì †ek
RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡iwQj e‡j Rvbv hvq|
12. †evLvix kixd (7 LÐ)
Abyev`: gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb : nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv|
33 cÖv¸³, c„.317
34 W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, cÖv¸³, c„. 321-23
138
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: ‡`k e‡iY¨ kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK me©cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq eyLvix kix‡di c~Y©v½
Abyev` Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib; hv 7 L‡Ð mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q| my`xN© 17 eQ‡ii AK¬všÍ cwikÖg I wbijm mvabvi
dj GB AmvaviY Abyev` Kg©wU| GB gnZx D‡`¨v‡Mi †cQ‡b Zvi wkÿK gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyixi m`v
†cÖiYv hywM‡q‡Qb, Drmvn w`‡q‡Qb Ges Abyev`K‡K cÖZ¨Kÿfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Gi cÖgvY MÖ‡š’i
ïiæ‡Z Abyev`‡Ki bv‡gi Dc‡i wb‡gœv³ (Abyev`K cÖ`Ë) evYxwU- ÒgvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dwi`cyix, cÖv³b
wcÖwÝc¨vj, Rv‡gqv †KviAvwbqvi d‡qR I eiK‡ZÓ| gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK 1954 mv‡j Abyev‡ì Kv‡R nvZ
†`b Ges 1971 mv‡ji cÖ_g fv‡M `xN© 17 eQ‡ii AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi ga¨ w`‡q G wekvj Abyev` Kg©wU m¤úbœ
K‡ib| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î GwU GK bZzb gvBj djK m„wó K‡i‡Q| G MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I Gi cÖmv‡i Abyev`‡Ki cvkvcvwk nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªwii Ae`vbI Awe¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: beg ms¯‥iY- 1978 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 528, g~j¨: 56 UvKv| 1g L‡Ði cÖvi‡¤¢ i‡q‡Q
38 c„ôve¨vcx my`xN© GKwU f~wgKv| G‡Z KziAvb I nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨, nv`x‡mi Acwinvh©Zv, mb`,
eyLvix kix‡di we‡klZ¡, nv`xm msiÿY I Bgvg eyLvix BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPb Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
eyLvix kix‡di ïiæ n‡Z Aóg Aa¨v‡qi (wKZveyj Rvbvhv) 727 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i
we‡kl we‡kl K‡qK RvqMvq niKZmn g~j nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b g~j nv`xm
wjwce× Kiv nqwb| ïay nv`xm b¤î D‡jøL K‡i mvay evsjvq Abyev` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi mswkøó e¨vL¨v, we‡kl `ªóe¨ I gvmAvjv BZ¨vw` mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| e¨vL¨v I gvmAvjv
wbY©‡q Abyev`K GKRb `ÿ gynvwÏ‡mi ¯^vÿi †i‡L‡Qb|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 5g ms¯‥iY-1979 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 436, g~j¨: 43.50 UvKv| G L‡Ð beg Aa¨vq
hvKvZ Gi 728 b¤î nv`xm n‡Z Øv`k Aa¨v‡qi 1200 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 4_© ms¯‥iY-1979 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 455, g~j¨: 45.50 UvKv| G‡Z Î‡qv`k
Aa¨v‡qi (wewfbœ wel‡q) 1201 b¤î nv`xm n‡Z 6ô`k Aa¨v‡qi (m„wó RM‡Zi wewfbœ Z_¨ I BwZnvm)
1619 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 3q ms¯‥iY-1976 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 484, g~j¨: 34 UvKv| G L‡Ð mß`k Aa¨v‡qi
(bex‡ì BwZnvm) 1620-1657 b¤î nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-1397 wn./ 1976wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 556, g~j¨: 56 UvKv| G L‡Ð mß`k
Aa¨v‡qi 1658-1812 b¤î nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-1397 wn./ 1976wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 444, g~j¨: 43.50 UvKv| G‡Z Aóv`k
Aa¨v‡qi (mvnvweM‡Yi dwRjZ) 1813 b¤î nv`xm n‡Z 22Zg Aa¨v‡qi (†`vqvi eqvb) 2417 b¤î ch©šÍ
nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-1978 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 498, g~j¨: 50 UvKv| GwU †kl LÐ| G‡Z
23Zg Aa¨v‡qi (ü`q Mjv‡bv Dc‡`k gvjv) 2418 b¤î nv`xm n‡Z 2703 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Gi †klvs‡k (346-489 c„.) i‡q‡Q GKwU cwiwkó| D‡jøL¨ †h, cÖ‡Z¨K L‡Ði AvKvi, KvMR I
AbyevìxwZ-c×wZ 1g L‡Ði Abyiƒc nIqvq Zv evi evi D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| Gi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Ges nvbvdx
gvhnv‡ei mv‡_ evn¨Zt mvsNwl©K eyLvixi nv`xmmg~‡ni mvgÄm¨ weav‡b Abyev`K AZ¨šÍ cvi`wk©Zvi cwiPq
w`‡q‡Qb| ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv †M‡Q, G hver evsjv fvlvq †Kvb †hvM¨-`ÿ kvqLyj nv`xm KZ©„K mnxn
eyLvixi GwUB me©cÖ_g c~Y©v½ I mv_©K Abyev` Ges mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v MÖš’|
13. imyjyjøvn (mv.)-Gi evYx
g~j MÖš’Kvi: Avjøvgv m¨vi Ave`yjøvn Avj-gvgyb Avj-mynivIqv`©x, Abyev`: gvngy` nvq`vi, cÖKvk¯’vb :
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv; cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- AvM÷, 1976 wLª.,
wØZxq gy`Yª - AvM÷ 1980wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 96, g~j¨: 20 UvKv| GwU Bs‡iwR‡Z wjwLZ Sayings of
Muhammad (Sm.) Gi evsjv Abyev` MÖš’| G‡Z f‚wgKv wj‡Lb Aa¨vcK kv‡n` Avjx| mvay evsjvq
Ab~w`Z G eB‡qi welqm~Px, nv`xm msL¨v I m¤úv`bvixwZ ûeû g~j eB‡qi mv‡Z wgj i‡q‡Q|
139
14. mnxn †evLvix (ZvRix`)

g~j MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj AveŸvm hBbyÏxb Avng` hv‡e`x, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv G. †K. Gg. dRjyi ingvb gyÝx,
cÖKvk¯’vb: cÖwfwÝqvj jvB‡eªwi, 109 G,kir¸ß †ivW, bvwi›`v, XvKv; cÖKvkKvj: wØZxq ms¯‥iY-1979
wLª.| GwU g~j ZvRix`yj eyLvixi evsjv Abyev` MÖš’| `ywU L‡Ð GwU Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g L‡Ði Abyev`
K‡ib gvIjvbv G.†K.Gg. dRjyi ingvb gyÝx Ges 2q L‡Ði Abyev` K‡ib Lvb evnv`yi Ave`yi ingvb
Gg.G.| G‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K c„ôvi Wvb cv‡k niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z g~j nv`xm wjwce× K‡i evg cv‡k mvay evsjvq
Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 863, g~j¨: 55 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZve Avj Cgvb, dhj Avj gvbxnv Gi Aaxb 1-
1145 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 550, g~j¨: 40 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZve Avk-kvnv`v †_‡K g~j MÖ‡š’i †kl fvM ch©šÍ
Abyev` i‡q‡Q|
4.3 evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖš’
15. dZûj gvivg kiwn dqwRj Kvjvg
g~j: gydZx dqRyjøvn, e¨vL¨vKvi: gydZx GRnviæj Bmjvg, Abyev`K: Ave`yj Rjxj, cÖKvk¯’vb :
KzZzeLvbv dqwRqv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMªvg| cÖKvkKvj: 1399 wn./1978wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 447, g~j¨: D‡jøL
†bB| GwU cÖL¨vZ Avwjg I †jLK gydZx dqRyjøvn msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’ ÒdqRyj KvjvgÓ Gi D`©~
e¨vL¨vMÖš’| G‡Z cÖ_‡g Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg, AZtci g~j nv`xm wjwce× K‡i Zvi bx‡P D`~‡© Z e¨vL¨v Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| g~j nv`x‡mi mvejxj Abyev` Ges nv`x‡mi g~je³e¨ Dc¯’vcb G e¨vL¨vMÖ‡š’i Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨|
MÖš’wU mËz‡ii `k‡K Ave`yj Rjxj KZ…©K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nq|
Avwki `k‡K iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm MÖšv’ ejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx
MÖš’Kvi: ‡gveviK †nv‡mb Lvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
Rvbyqvwi, 1981 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 48, g~j¨: 5 UvKv| G‡Z mZëvw`Zv, `vb, kÖ‡gi gh©v`v, gnvbyfeZv,
wkï‡ì cÖwZ †¯œn, mywePvi, ÿgv, •ah©, D`viZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K me©‡gvU 27wU Mí i‡q‡Q|
eBwU cÖavbZt †QvU‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ iwPZ|
2. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K mgvR Rxeb
MÖš’Kvi: †`jvIqvi †nvmvBb mvC`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk-Ryb, 1981 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 111, g~j¨: 12 UvKv| G msKj‡b wcZv-gvZv, AvZ¥xq I cÖwZ‡ekxi
cvi¯úwiK nK, kÖwgK, f…Z¨ I Agymwjg bvMwi‡Ki AwaKvi, †ivMxi †mev, AvwZ‡_qZv, Rb‡mev, weevn
Ges Rx‡ei cÖwZ `qv BZ¨vw` wel‡q me©‡gvU 144wU nv`xm i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b cÖ_‡g niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm
wjwce× K‡i Gi bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ gydvmwmi
gvIjvbv †`jIqvi †nvmvBb mvC`x msKwjZ G nv`xm MÖš’ evsjvfvlx cvVK‡ì Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq|
3. nhiZ Av‡qkv ewYZ nv`x‡m im~j (`.)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gvRnvi DÏxb, cÖKvk¯’vb: BwZK_v eyK wW‡cv, 11, c¨vwi`vm †ivW, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
†g, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 160, g~j¨: 15 UvKv| GLv‡b nhiZ Av‡qkv ewY©Z wKQz nv`x‡mi evsjv Abyev`
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì fvlv mvay evsjv| G‡Z welq wk‡ivbvg w`‡q Zvi bx‡P Ab~w`Z nv`xm wjwce× K‡i
me©‡k‡l m~Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
140
4. mnmª nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
‡m‡Þ¤î, 1986 wLª., Z…Zxq ms¯‥iY-Ryb, 1993 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 131, g~j¨: 35 UvKv| wmnvn wmËvn I
Ab¨vb¨ nv`xmMÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm¸‡jv msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z gvby‡li eënvwiK Rxeb m¤úwK©Z PwjZ
evsjvq Ab~w`Z GK nvRvi nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b welq wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb nv`xm¸‡jv b¤î
w`‡q avivevwnKfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ‡Z¨K nv`x‡mi †k‡l m~‡Îi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. nv`x‡m ivm~j (mv.)
MÖš’Kvi: Aa¨vcK nvweeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-Bmjvn cÖKvkbx, gwnkvj evox, †Mv`vMvox, ivRkvnx;
cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-A‡±vei, 1986 wLª., 6ô ms¯‥iY-Ryb, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 112, g~j¨: 32 UvKv|
Aa¨vcK nvweeyi ingvb msKwjZ Ònv`x‡m ivm~j (mv.)Ó wk‡ivbv‡g nv`x‡mi wKZv‡e bex Kixg (mv.) Gi
bv‡g wg_¨v ejv, bvgvh, hvKvZ, †ivhv, nR¡, we‡q, wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ m¤úK©, kÖ‡gi gh©v`v, FY, c`©v, my`,
Nyl, PwiÎ, msMVb, wRnv` Ges g„Zz¨ I ciKvj BZ¨vw` m¤^‡Ü 252wU nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| msKjK
G‡Z g~j nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Kg© m¤úbœ K‡i‡Qb|
6. nv`x‡m ivmy‡j ZvInx` wimvjvZ AvwLivZ
MÖš’Kvi: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gwjd¨v›U †ivW, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g ms¯‥iY-1987 wLª., 5g
ms¯‥iY-†m‡Þ¤î, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 79, g~j¨: 30 UvKv| Av‡jvP¨ eBwUi m~Pbv c‡e© i‡q‡Q ÔBj‡g
nv`x‡mi K_vÕ kxl©K 7-15 c„ôve¨vcx nv`xm m¤úwK©Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv| Zvic‡i ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I
AvwLivZ m¤úwK©Z me©‡gvU 40wU nv`xm Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î ivexi bvgmn niKZhy³ g~j nv`xm
D×…Z K‡i Zv PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7. Kv‡e¨ nv`xm kixd (cÖ_g LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` Ave`yj evix, cÖKvk¯’vb: gyQv¤§vr ivwRqv evix, MÖvg-n‡iK…òcyi, †cvt-‡gvnv¤§`cyi, wRjv-
gv¸iv, eZ©gvb wVKvbv-c~e©Lvevmcyi, Kwe KzwVi, wRjv-dwi`cyi| cÖKvkKvj: †deªæqvix, 1987 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: D‡jøL †bB, g~j¨: 50 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ 331wU n`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Kvwe¨K Abyev` wjwce× Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î ¯îe„Ë Q‡›ì AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z m~wPcÎ Ges welq wkv‡ivbvg †bB|
Abyev‡ì bgybv wb¤œiƒc :
Bmjv‡gi ¯Í¤¢ ¯îƒc cuvPwU nj eywbqv`,
gymwjg n‡Z PvI hw` †KD KwiI bv eiev`|
†Lv`vi cÖwZ Cgvb †iL, imyj †R‡bv †gv¯Ídvq,
bvgvR †ivRv nR¡ Avi RvKvZ Bnvi mwVK cwiPq| (c„. 10)
8. †KviAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx Av`k©ev`
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb KvqQvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªwi, †P․gynbx, †bvqvLvjx| cÖKvkKvj:
AvMó, 1988 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 64, g~j¨: 14 UvKv| G‡Z `vIqv‡Z ZvejxM, wRnv`, A_©bxwZ, weevn,
ZvjvK, gmwR`, åvZ…Z¡‡eva, Bnmvb, ¯^vaxbZv I PwiÎ BZ¨vw` welqwfwËK wKQz nv`x‡mi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|
GLv‡b niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
9. nv`xm kix‡di Av‡jv
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxbyj Bmjvg, cÖKvk¯’vb: †gvt gCbyj Bmjvg, 12/17, m¨vi •mq` Avng`
†ivW, eøK-G, gynv¤§`cyi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g ms¯‥i-RyjvB, 1988 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 308, g~j¨: 70
UvKv| GwU GKwU wbe©vwPZ nv`xm msKjb| G‡Z Cgvb, bvgvh, hvKvZ I gymjgvb‡ì cvi¯úwiK nKmn
wewfbœ wel‡qi Aaxb me©‡gvU 652wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi g~j
Aviex cvV i‡q‡Q Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi g~j evsjv Abyev` i‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì fvlv PwjZ evsjv|
141
10. nv`x‡mi †`vqv

MÖš’Kvi: ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj AvRxR, cÖKvk¯’vb: D‡jøL †bB, cÖKvkKvj: 1g ms¯‥iY 20 Ryb, 1988 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 134, g~j¨: 70 UvKv| ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`x‡m ewY©Z †`vqvmg~n †_‡K evQvB K‡i KZ¸wj
†`vqv G eB‡q msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Kv‡R jv‡M GiKg 274wU †`vqv G‡Z ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| G †`vqv¸wj g~jZt nv`x‡miB GKwU Ask| Gi KZK¸‡jv Aviex wjwc I evsjv D”PviYmn
Avevi KZK¸‡jv evsjvq Ab~w`Z|
11. gyw³i c‡_ nv`x‡miAv‡jv
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` Avwgb Lvb wiRfx, cÖKvk¯’vb: dvivb cvewj‡Kkb, d‡Zqvev`, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj:
Rvbyqvwi, 1989 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 219, g~j¨: 40 UvKv| gvbe Rxe‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© w`Kmg~‡ni cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L
¯^wbe©vwPZ me©‡gvU 223wU nv`xm G msKj‡b ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZhy³ g~j Aviex‡Z nv`xm
wjwce× Kivi ci bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm wbe©vPb, Abyev` I e¨vL¨v
iPbv BZ¨vw`‡Z †jL‡Ki ¯^Kxq `ÿZv I mZK©Zv cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
12. nv`xm iZœ fvÐvi
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix, cÖKvk¯’vb: Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg cvewj‡KkÝ, 47, evsjvevRvi, XvKv,
cÖKvkKvj: 2q cÖKvk-RyjvB, 1989 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 83, g~j¨: 10 UvKv| G‡Z mgvRMVb wkÿv, kvmb
c×wZ wkÿv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Abyev` I e¨vL¨vhy³ wKQz nv`xm i‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z †jLv|
Abyev‡ì fvlv mvay evsjv|
13. †gkKvZ kixd (11 LÐ) [7-11]
Abyev`: gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (1-6 LÐ), gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb KvqQvi (7-11 LÐ), cÖKvk¯’vb:
Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (in.) GKRb
Awe¯§iYxq e¨w³Z¡| Zuvi Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ Ò‡gkKvZ kixdÓ GKwU hyM‡kÖô KvjRqx Abyev` Kg©| G‡Z
cÖ_‡g g~j †gkKvZ kix‡di nvivKvZhy³ Aviex‡Z nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay ixwZi e½vbyev` wjwce×
Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq nv`x‡mi h_v_© e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1956 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m gvIjvbv
AvRgx wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev‡ì KvR Avi¤¢ K‡ib| wZwb wgkKv‡Zi cÖ_g Qq (1-6) L‡Ði
Abyev` m¤úbœ K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi g„Zz¨Kvj ch©šÍ 16 eQi †gkKvZ kix‡di Aewkó As‡ki Abyev` KvR eÜ
_v‡K| gvIjvbv AvRgxi BwšÍKv‡i ci KZ©„cÿ ivqcyi Avwjqv gvìvmvi Dcva¨ÿ, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv
AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi‡K G `vwqZ¡ n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| wZwb Zvi c~e©m~ix gvIjvbv AvRgxi ixwZ I c×wZ Abymi‡Y
evKx 5 LÐ Abyev` Abyev` Kg© m¤úbœ K‡ib| meLÐ GK m‡½ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j gvIjvbv AvRgx I
Kvqmv‡ii †jLvi g‡a¨ †Kvb ZviZg¨ `„wó †MvPi nq bv; eis g‡b nq, me¸‡jv GKB nv‡Zi †Qvuqvq
my‡kvfv gwÐZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB hyM hyM a‡i ev½vjx nv`xm cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q G Abyev`wUi e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv
cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1988 wLª.; 9g cÖKvk-†deªqvix,2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 271, g~j¨: 300
UvKv| GLv‡b `vm gy³ Kiv ce© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wRnv` c‡e©i Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 3236-3684 ch©šÍ ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1990 wLª.; 8g cÖKvk-2008 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 424, g~j¨: 365 UvKv|
GLv‡b hy‡×i mvR-miÄv‡gi cÖ¯‘wZ ce© †_‡K wPwKrmv I gš¿ ce© Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 3685-4422
ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
142
beg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g gy`Yª -1992 wLª.; 7g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2011wLª.; c„ôv msL¨v: 293, g~j¨: 300
UvKv| G Lv‡Ð wkóvPvi ce© Gi mZK©Zv Aej¤^b I fxwZ cÖ`k©b -Gi Aaxb nv`xm b¤î 4423-5145 ch©šÍ
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
`kg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g gy`ªY-1992 wLª., 8g cÖKvk-b‡f¤î, 2008 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 255, g~j¨: 300
UvKv| G‡Z wdZbv ce© †_‡K beyIqv‡Zi wb`k©bmg~n Gi Aaxb b¤î 5146-5611 nv`xm ch©šÍ
11k LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1993 wLª.; 8g cÖKvk-b‡f¤î,2008 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 239, g~j¨: 300
UvKv| G LÐ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g c~Y© wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev` Kg© mgvß nq| gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb
Kvqmvi 1992 mv‡ji 2iv †deªæqvix G Abyev`Kg© mgvß K‡ib| wZwb ZLbI ivqcyi Avwjqv gvìvmvi
Dcva¨ÿ c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| G L‡Ð †giv‡Ri eY©bv, D¤§‡Z gynv¤§`x Gi QIqv‡ei weeiY Gi Aaxb nv`xm
b¤î 5612-6034 ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g †gkKvZ kix‡di Abyev` mgvß n‡q‡Q|
14. gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK (2 LÐ)
Abyev`K: gynv¤§` wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU Avjøvgv wkejx bygvbx iwPZ D`y© fvlvq wjwLZ Ònvqv‡Z gvwjKÓ Gi Abyev`; hv
KivPx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| hwÌ Abyev`K GLv‡b g~j †jL‡Ki †Kv‡bv †idv‡iÝ D‡jøL K‡ibwb; eis
wZwb GUv‡K iPbv wn‡m‡e Pvwj‡q w`‡q‡Qb| G‡Z g~j nv`xm wjwce× KiZ: mvay evsjvq nv`x‡ì Abyev`
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq GwUB me©cÖ_g gyqvËv gv‡j‡Ki Abyev`; hv Bdvev `yB L‡Ð cÖKvk
K‡i‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î 1982 wLª., 4_© cÖKvk-‡deªæqvix,2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:400, g~j¨: 524
UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ Bgvg gvwjK (in.) Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ m¤ú‡K© 50c„ôve¨vcx Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Zvic‡i G‡Z cÖ_g Aa¨vq †_‡K 20Zg Aa¨vq ch©šÍ 83 cwi‡”Q‡ì Aaxb bvgvh, hvKvZ I n¾ wel‡q
me©‡gvU 1328wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î 1987 wLª.; 3q cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î 2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 508, g~j¨: 735
UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g Aa¨vq †_‡K 26Zg Aa¨vq ch©šÍ wKZveyj wRnv` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wewfbœ cÖKvi
gvmAvjv m¤^wjZ Aa¨vq ch©šÍ me©‡gvU (1329-2928) = 1599wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
15. mnxn Avj-eyLvix (6 LÐ)
g~j MÖš’Kvi: Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK
†m›Uv‡ii c‡ÿ AvaywbK cÖKvkbx,25 wkwik `vm †jb, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq GK hyMvšÍKvix Aa¨vq m„wó
K‡i‡Q| nv`x‡mi Abyev` mvwn‡Z¨ Zviv †h Ab¨b¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q, Zvi avivevwnKZvq GK `j `ÿ
Abyev`‡Ki35 mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq 6 L‡Ð web¨¯Í m¤ú~Y© eyLvix kix‡di evsjv Abyev` MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq| G‡Z
nv`x‡mi c~Y© mb` D‡jøL bv K‡i eis mb‡ì cÖ_g I †kl ivexi bvg D‡jøL c~e©K niKZhy³ Aviex
Bevi‡Z g~j nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P evsjv Abyev` I UxKv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g †_‡K lô LÐ ch©šÍ
GKB avivevwnKZvq Abyev`, cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v, KvMR-Qvcvi gvb GKB ai‡bi cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 569, g~j¨: 110 UvKv| G‡Z nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, Bgvg eyLvix I Zuvi nv`xm MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci eyLvix kix‡di cÖvi¤¢ †_‡K wKZve
Avj Rvbvwqh ch©šÍ †gvU 13wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍf©y³ nv`xm mg~‡ni Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
35 Abyev`Ke„›`: Aa¨vcK mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avjx; Aa¨vcK †njvj DÏxb; Aa¨vcK †gvRv‡¤§j nK; Aa¨vcK Ave`yj Lv‡jK; Aa¨vcK
iæûj Avgxb; gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv; Aa¨vcK G. Gg. gynv¤§` †gvm‡jg; Aa¨ÿ Ave`yi iv¾vK; Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv AvwZKzi ingvb;
gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi I Aa¨vcK mvqx` Avng`|
143
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP©, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 597, g~j¨: 112 UvKv| G‡Z wKZve Avh-
hvKvZ †_‡K wKZve Avk-kvnv`v ch©šÍ †gvU 13wU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 645, g~j¨: 119 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZve
Avm-my‡jn †_‡K wKZve Avj-gvbvwKe ch©šÍ †gvU 7wU Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-RyjvB, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 662, g~j¨: 119 UvKv| G‡Z i‡q‡Q
wKZve Avj-gvMvhx, AvZ-Zvdmxi I dvhvwqj Avj-KziAvb GB wZbwU Aa¨vq|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-A‡±vei, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 628, g~j¨: 112 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZve
Avb-wbKvn n‡Z wKZve Av`-`vIqv ch©šÍ †gvU 14wU Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 1982 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 556, g~j¨: 100 UvKv| G‡Z wKZve
Avi-wiKvK †_‡K eyLvix kix‡di †klvsk ch©šÍ †gvU 18wU Aa¨v‡qi Abyev` i‡q‡Q|
17. Avqbv‡q ivm~j
g~j MÖš’Kvi: nvwKg nvwdhyjøvn, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv BDmyd Avwkqvix, cÖKvk¯’vb: AvwRwRqv KzZzeLvbv,
evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: wØZxq ms¯‥iY-1982wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 104| GwU 606wU nv`xm
m¤^wjZ D`y© MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev`|36
18. wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb (4 LÐ)
g~j MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gywnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb beex (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb
gmwR` K¨v¤úvm, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: Bgvg gywnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb beex (in.) iwPZ wek¦weL¨vZ msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’
Òwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÓ evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi KZ…©K 4 L‡Ð PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z cÖ_‡g Aa¨vq mswkøó KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Ges nvivKvZhy³ Aviex g~j BeviZ D×…Z K‡i †gvU 1896wU
nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq mij Abyev` Dc¯’vc‡bi ci g~j MÖ‡š’i m~Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G‡Z g~j
MÖ‡š’i Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q` wVK †i‡L 4 L‡Ð web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi gv‡S `y‡e©va¨ k‡ãi dzU‡bvU w`‡q
e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU GKwU PgrKvi nv`xm msKjb|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: 1. gvIjvbv mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avjx; 2. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv; 3. gvIjvbv gy nv¤§`
kvgmyj Avjg Lvb; cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1985 wLª., 13k cÖKvk-2002 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 279, g~j¨: 270
UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z wiqv`ym mv‡jnx‡bi •ewkó¨ Bgvg beexi Rxeb-PwiZ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v
welqK cÖm½ K_v Ges Bgvg beexi f‚wgKv m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZtci G‡Z 1-48wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb me©‡gvU (1-390)= 390wU nv`x‡mi mij evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: 1. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kvgmyj Avjg Lvb, 2. gvIjvbv mvC` Avng`, 3. gvIjvbv
Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk: 1986 wLª., 25Zg cÖKvk: †m‡Þ¤î-2020 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v:
272, g~j¨: 220UvKv| G L‡Ð Aby‡”Q` (49-83) ch©šÍ; wKZveyj Av`ve (wkóvPvi ce©) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-
16) ch©šÍ; wKZve Av`vweZ ZvÔAvg (cvbvnv‡ii wkóvPvi) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-17) ch©šÍ; wKZveyj wjevm Gi
Aby‡”Q` (1-10) ch©šÍ; wKZve Av`vweb bvIg (Nygv‡bvi Avè) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-4) ch©šÍ I wKZveym-
mvjvg Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-13) Gi me©‡gvU (391-893)= 502wU nv`x‡mi mij evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1986 wLª., 22Zg cÖKvk: †m‡Þ¤î-
2020 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 275, g~j¨: 220 UvKv| G L‡Ð Aby‡”Q` (49-83) ch©šÍ; wKZve Gqv`vwZj gvix`
(‡ivMxi †LuvR Lei †bqv) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-22) ch©šÍ; wKZve Av`vweZ ZvÔAvg (cvbvnv‡ii wkóvPvi) Gi
Aby‡”Q` (1-17) ch©šÍ; wKZve Av`ve Avm-mdi (md‡ii wbqgKvbyb) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-14) ch©šÍ; wKZve
36 Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x Avj-Avhnvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 62, (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Gi †ewk wKQy Rvbv hvqwb|)
144
dvhvwqj (wewfbœ Avg‡ji dhxjZ) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-52) ch©šÍ; wKZveyj BwZKvd, nR¡, wKZveyj wRnv` Gi
Aby‡”Q` (1-7) ch©šÍ; wKZveyj Bjg, nvgw`jøvwn ZvAvjv I ïKiæû, mvjvZ Avjv ivmywjjøvn I wKZveyj
AvhKvi Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-6) Gi me©‡gvU (894-1464)= 570wU nv`x‡mi mij evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: Ave`yj gvbœvb Zvwje (1465-1510 bs nv`xm ch©šÍ), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv (1511-
1896 bs nv`xm ch©šÍ), m¤úv`bv: ‡gvnv¤§` †gvRv‡¤§j nK, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk 1987 wLª., 21Zg
cÖKvk: Rvbyqvwi-2021 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 263, g~j¨: 230 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZvey` `vÔIqvZ Aa¨v‡qi
Aby‡”Q` (1-4) ch©šÍ; wKZveyj Dgywij gybnv Avbn (wbwl× KvRmg~n) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-115) ch©šÍ;
wKZveyj gbmyivZ Iqv Avj wgjn (wewea I †K․ZzK) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-3) ch©šÍ I wKZveym-mvjvg Gi
Aby‡”Q` (1-13) Gi me©‡gvU (1465-1896)= 431wU nv`x‡mi mij evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
19. G‡šÍLv‡e nv`xm (2q LÐ)
g~j MÖš’Kvi: Ave`yj Mvddvi nvmvb b`fx, Abyev`K: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb: mvjgvb ¯§„wZ
cÖKvkb, gMevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 1985 wLª., 6ô ms¯‥iY-wW‡m¤î, 1995 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 253, g~j¨: 110 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: GwU D`y© fvlvq wjwLZ ÔG‡šÍLv‡e nv`xmÕ Gi evsjv Abyev` MÖš’| g~j msKjbwU cÖKvwkZ nq
1956 mv‡j| G‡Z nv`xm kv‡¯¿i KwZcq ÁvZe¨ welq, Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vi eywbqvw` `k©b, Øx‡bi
ÁvbvR©b Kivi dwRjZ, BK¡vg‡Z Øxb, Bev`Z, •bwZK PwiÎ, DËg •bwZK Pwi‡Îi †g․wjK •ewkó, e¨w³MZ
•bwZK ¸Yvewj, PwiwÎK †`vlÎæwUmg~n, cweÎ Rxeb, Av`k© mvgvwRK Rxe‡b cvi¯úwiK mym¤úK©, `jxq I
mvgvwRK wech©q m„wóKvix †`vlÎæwU, Bmjvgx mgvR eë¯’vi ¯îƒc BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb Dfq L‡Ð
me©‡gvU 443wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev`
wjwcã Kiv n‡q‡Q|
20. mnxn gymwj‡gi gyKvÏvgv
Abyev`: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb gmwR` K¨v¤úvm,
XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-b‡f¤î 1985 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 60, g~j¨: 23 UvKv| G msKjbwU mnxn
gymwjg kix‡di gyKvÏvgvi (f~wgKv) evsjv Abyev`| Abyev`K cÖ_g g~j wKZv‡ei BeviZ niKZmn D×…Z
K‡i Zvi bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I we‡kølY ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøL¨ G K_v me©Rb ¯^xK…Z †h,
gymwjg kix‡di gyKvÏvgv ev f~wgKvUv Lye RwUj fvlvq †jLv; hvi cv‡Vv×vi mvaviY Avwj‡gi c‡ÿ `yiƒn
e¨vcvi; wKš‘ G Abyev` K‡g©i gva¨‡g †m KwVb KvRwU me©mvavi‡Yi Rb¨ ü`q½g Kivi `¦vi Db¥y³ n‡jv|
21. kgv‡q‡j wZiwghx
Abyev`: Ave`yj Rjxj, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg. Gg. nvexeyjøvn, †Møve jvB‡eªwi wjt, 40 b_©eªæK nj †ivW, XvKv|
cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î, 1986 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 372, g~j¨: 55 UvKv| G msKj‡b niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm
D×…Z K‡i Zvi bx‡P mvay evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mshy ³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b wcÖq bex (mv.) Gi Aeqe,
AvKvi-AvK…wZ gyeviK †_‡K ïiæ K‡i bex‡K (mv.) ¯^‡cœ †`Lv wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
22. kvgvwqjyb bex
Abyev`: kvqL Ave`yi inxg, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
Ryb, 1987 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 443, g~j¨: 60 UvKv| GwU Bgvg wZiwghx msKwjZ kvgvwqjyb bex (mv.) Gi
e½vbyev`| Abyev`K fvlvšÍ‡ii cvkvcvwk mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq dzU‡bvU, UxKv I kvwãK we‡kølY
mshy³ K‡i welqe¯‘ Abyave‡bi c_ cÖk¯Í K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z 1-216wU nv`x‡mi g~j Aviex cvVmn mvay
evsjvq Abyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
23. ZiRgvbym& mybœvn
g~j MÖš’Kvi: e`‡i Avjg wgivVx, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
145
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ ÒZiRygvbym mybœvnÓ nv`xm MÖš’wU e`‡i Avjg gxivVx KZ©…K iwPZ GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
nv`xm msKjb| cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, Abyev`K I m¤úv`K gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb I gvIjvbv
†hvev‡qi Avng` eBwU PwjZ fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib| G Abyev` MÖ‡š’ b¤îwfwËK g~j nv`xm niKZ wenxb
Aviex‡Z Dc¯’vcb K‡i bx‡P e¨vL¨v I UxKv ms‡hvM c~e©K Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1988 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 735, g~j¨:
100 UvKv| 1g L‡Ð i‡q‡Q g~j Mª‡š’i PZz_© L‡Ði Abyev`| G‡Z gyÕwRhv, KvivgZ, Bgvg gvn`x BZ¨vw`
wel‡qi nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †hvev‡qi Avng`, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1997 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 405,
g~j¨: 110 UvKv| G‡Z g~j wKZv‡ei 2q L‡Ði cÖ_gvs‡ki Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv i‡q‡Q| G‡Z Rev‡bi
wndvRZ, j¾vkxjZv, AvZ¥m¤§vb‡eva, mwnòzZv-mnbkxjZv, wePÿYZv, b¤ªZv I m¤úªxwZ, Kzms¯‥vi, wkiK,
wbdvK, ZvInx` BZ¨vw` wel‡qi nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv`, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2011 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 712, g~j¨:
250 UvKv| G L‡Ð ZvK`x‡i wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv Bmjv‡gi GKwU ¯Í¤¢ n‡Z ïiæ K‡i ivm~j (mv.) Gi •`wnK
eY©bv ch©šÍ wewfbœ wel‡q †gvU (885-1308)=423wU nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ †c‡q‡Q|
24. wgkKvZ kixd
Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªwi, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
cÖKvkKvj: 1988 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 312, g~j¨: 64 UvKv| G‡Z g~j wgkKvZ kixd-Gi wKZve Avj-Av`ve
Gi wKQy Ask gvìvmvi cvV¨m~Pxi Av‡jv‡K wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZhy³ nv`xm †jLvi ci
mvay evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
25. gyIqvËv‡q Bgvg gynv¤§` (in)
Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: AvM÷, 1988 wLª.,
c„ôvmsL¨v: 707, g~j¨: 150 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q Bgvg gynv¤§` I Zuvi gyIqvËvi web¨vm c×wZi Dci 5 c„ôve¨vcx
hyw³wbf©i Av‡jvPbv| AZtci GLv‡b 1 bs Aa¨vq cweÎZv †_‡K 17 bs Aa¨vq wewea cÖm½ ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi
Abyev` mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm wjwce× K‡i PwjZ evsjvq Abyev`
mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvV‡Ki myweav‡_© wUKv AvKv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v Ges MÖ‡š’i †k‡l ivexM‡Yi mswÿß
cwiwPwZ mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
26. Rv‡gÕ wZwiwghx
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` Ave`yb byi mvjvdx, cÖKvk¯’vb: mvjvdx cÖKvkbx, iscyi| cÖKvkKvj: AvMó, 1989 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 560, g~j¨: 250 UvKv| G MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q Bgvg wZiwghxi Rxebe„ËvšÍ I wZighx
kix‡di •ewkó¨ msµvšÍ 62 c„ôve¨vcx AeZiwYKv| G‡Z wZiwghx kix‡di ZvnvivZ Aa¨vq †_‡K mvjvZ
AvZ-Zvmexn-Gi eY©bvi Aaxb 471 b¤î ch©šÍ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mb`mn niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z
nv`xm wjwce× K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjv Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b Ôdv‡q`vÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
27. eyLvix kixd (10 LÐ)
ÒZiRgv cÖKíÓ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki GK hyMvšÍKvix gnZx D‡`¨vM| Gi avivevwnKZvi Ask
wn‡m‡e Ôwmnvn wmËv ZiRgv cÖKíÕ Gi Aaxb c~Y©v½ eyLvix kix‡di evsjv Abyev` Kg© m¤úbœ nq|
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb m¤ú~Y© eyLvix kix‡di evsjvq Abyev` 10 L‡Ð avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m GK †M․i‡ev¾¡j Awe¯§iYxq Aa¨vq m„wó K‡i‡Q| G Abyev` I m¤úv`bv K‡g© huviv
hy³ wQ‡jb ¯^xK…wZ¯îƒc Zuv‡ì bv‡gi GKwU ZvwjKv wbgœiƒc-
146
eyLvix kix‡di Abyev`Ke„‡›ì (21Rb) ZvwjKv

gvIjvbv KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn; gvIjvbv Ave`yj Rjxj; gvIjvbv †gvkviid †nv‡mb; gvIjvbv Aveyj dvËvn
gynv¤§` BqvnBqv; gvIjvbv wmivRyj nK; gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvBj; gvIjvbv Lvwj` mvBdzjøvn; gvIjvbv
BmnvK dixw`; gvIjvbv Ave`yi ie; gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni †gmevn; gvIjvbv gvneyeyi ingvb fyTv;
gvIjvbv iæûj Avwgb Lvb; gvIjvbv Ave`yj †gvwgb; gvIjvbv KzZze DÏxb; gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvK Avng`;
gvIjvbv Ave`yj gwZb; gvIjvbv KvRx Avey ûivBiv; gvIjvbv Ave`yb b~i; gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg; gvIjvbv
iwdKzjøvn †bQvivev`x I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` dviæK|
eyLvix kix‡di m¤úv`Ke„‡›ì (11Rb) ZvwjKv
gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK; KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn; gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x; gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg;
W. KvRx `xb gyn¤§`; gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb; gvIjvbv G †K Gg Avãym mvjvg; gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb
gvmD`; Aa¨vcK nvmvb Avãyj KvBqyg; gvIjvbv Bg`v`yj nK I gvIjvbv jyZdzj nK| D‡jøL¨ †h, cÖ_g
†_‡K `kg LÐ ch©šÍ Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î GKB ai‡bi wbqg-bxwZ I c×wZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ cÖ‡Z¨K
L‡Ði mswÿß cwiwPZ cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
1g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 1989 wLª., 14k cÖKvk-RyjvB, 2017 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 476,
g~j¨: 165 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z nv`x‡mi cwiPq, nv`x‡mi wKZvemg~‡ni ¯Íi wefvM, nv`x‡mi msL¨v,
nv`xm msKjb cÖYqb I Zvi cÖPvi, Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, Bgvg eyLvix I eyLvix kixd BZ¨vw` wel‡q bq
c„ôve¨vcx Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZtci GLv‡b wKZveyj Iqvnx, Bgvb, Bjg, Ihy, †Mvmj, nv‡qh,
Zvqv¤§yg I mvjvZ Aa¨v‡qi (1-348)= 348wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (1-496) bs ch©šÍ 496wU nv`xm wjwce×
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b mb‡ì †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g Ges †kl ivexi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z niKZmn eyLvix
kix‡di g~j Aviex cvV wjwce× KiZ: bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq mij Abyev` ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb
ai‡Yi e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv nqwb| †hgb- nv¾vR Beb wgbnvj (i.)...... Avey gvmD` (iv) †_‡K ewY©Z,
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, Ògvbyl Zvi cwiev‡ii Rb¨ mIqv‡ei wbq‡Z hLb LiP K‡i ZLb Zv nq Zvi
m`Kv ¯îƒc|Ó37
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†deªæqvix, 1991 wLª.; 13k cÖKvk-RyjvB, 2017 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 334,
g~j¨: 160 UvKv| G L‡Ð mvjv‡Zi Iqv³mg~n †_‡K Rvbvhv Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (351-881)=530wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (497-1312)=815 wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 1991 wLª., 13k cÖKvk-RyjvB, 2017 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 404,
g~j¨:190 UvKv| G L‡Ð hvKvZ, n¾, mvIg, BwZKvd..BZ¨vw` Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (882-1276)= 394wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (1313-1918)= 605 wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Ryb, 1991 wLª., 11k cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 416,
g~j¨: 150 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj eyqyÔ (µq-weµq) I kvnv`vZ (mvÿ¨`vb) Aa¨v‡q †gvU (1277-1672)=
395wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (1919-2510)= 591 wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Ryb, 1991 wLª., 10g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 431,
g~j¨: 210UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveym myjwn (mwÜ-Pzw³), IqvmxqvZ, wRnv`, ev`Õwqj LvjK (m„wói m~Pbv
ce©)....BZ¨vw` Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (1673-1999)= 326wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (2511-3090)= 579 wU
nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Ryb, 1991 wLª., 11k cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 480, g~j¨:
225 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZvey Avnv`xwmj Avw¤^qv (bexM‡Yi) †_‡K wKZveyj gvMvhx (hy×vwfhvb) Aa¨v‡q †gvU
(2000-2178)= 178wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (3091-3745)= 554 wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
37 Abyev`K gÐjx, eyLvix kixd, XvKv: Bdvev, cÖ_g cÖKvk-1989wLª., L.1, c„. 42
147
mßg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†g, 1992 wLª., 11k cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 469,
g~j¨: 235 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj gvMvhx (hy×vwfhvb ce©) Gi Aewkóvsk †_‡K Zvdmxi (KziAv‡bi
e¨vL¨v) Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (2179-2417)= 338wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (3746-4330)= 584 wU nv`xm
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1992 wLª., 9g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 476,
g~j¨: 240 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyZ Zvdmxi (KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v) Aa¨v‡qi evKx Ask, dvhv‡qjyj KziAvb
Ges we‡q-kv`x Aa¨v‡q †gvU (2418-2549)= 2308wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (4327-4874)= 547 wU
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
beg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP©, 1994 wLª., 10g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 536,
g~j¨: 250 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyZ ZvjvK †_‡K `yAv Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (2550-2678)=128wU Aby‡”Q‡ì
Aaxb (4875-5964) = 1089 wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
`kg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-‡g, 1994 wLª., 10g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 600,
g~j¨: 270 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZvey wKZvey` `vIqvZ (cÖv_©bv), wiKvK (AšÍi weMwjZ nIqv) Aa¨vq †_‡K ..
ZvInx` (GKZ¡ev`) Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU (2683-3160)= 477wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (5970-7053)=
1083wU nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| GwU eyLvix kix‡di me©‡kl LÐ| Gi gva¨‡g Bdevi KZ…©K M„nxZ wmnvn
wmËvn Abyev` cÖK‡íi eyLvix kix‡di evsjv Abyev` cÖKvkbv Kh©µg mym¤úbœ nq|
28. eyjy¸ Avj-gvivg dx Avw`jøv Avj-AvnKvg (1g LÐ)
g~j: Beb nvRi Avm-AvmKvjvbx, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gvngy`yjøvn ingvbx I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi ingvb,
cÖKvk¯’vb: W.Gg.G. evix, Avj-nv`xm wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks nvDR, 98,bIqvecyi †ivW, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
RyjvB, 1989 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 327, g~j¨: 100 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: GwU 2 L‡Ð mgvß g~j MÖ‡š’i 1g L‡Ði evsjv Abyev`| G MÖš’ cÖYq‡b weÁ Avwjg gvIjvbv
Avngv`yjøvn ingvbx I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yi ingvb h‡_ó cwikªg K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z 6 c„ôve¨vcx g~j
†jL‡Ki Rxebx I 4 c„ôve¨vcx MÖš’ cwiwPwZ i‡q‡Q| AZtci wKZve AvZ-ZvnviZ †_‡K wKZveyjnR¡ ch©šÍ
me©‡gvU 645wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| GLv‡b cÖ_‡g niKZhy³ nv`xm wjwce× K‡i mvay evsjvq Abyev`
mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU weavb msµvšÍ nv`xm msKjb nIqvq ev½vjx cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q LyeB RbwcÖqZv
†c‡q‡Q|
29. wgkKvZ kixd
Abyev`: gvIjvbv wmÏxKzi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avngw`qv KzZzeLvbv, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: D‡jøL †bB, c„ôv
msL¨v: 248, g~j¨: 79 UvKv| G‡Z i‡q‡Q wKZve Avj-Cgvb, Avj-Bjg I AvZ-ZvnvivZ G wZbwU
Aav‡qi e¨vL¨vmn e½vbyev`| GwU evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W©i Avwjg †kªYxi cvV¨m~Px Aej¤^‡b wjwLZ|
G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZhy³ g~j nv`xm wjwce× K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30. gymwjg kixd (6 LÐ)
ÒZiRgv cÖKíÓ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki GK gnZx D‡`¨vM| Gi avivevwnKZvi Ask wn‡m‡e
Ôwmnvn wmËv ZiRgv cÖKíÕ Gi Aaxb c~Y©v½ gymwjg kix‡di evsjv Abyev` Kg© m¤úbœ nq| BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb m¤ú~Y© gymwjg kix‡di evsjvq Abyev` 6 L‡Ð avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi BwZnv‡m GK †M․i‡ev¾¡j Aa¨vq m„wó K‡i‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`KgÐjx: gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK, gvIjvbv KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn, gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb
gvmD`, gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãym mvjvg, W±i KvRx `xb gyn¤§` I
gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb| cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: Ryb, 1989
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 415, g~j¨: 125 UvKv
148
ch©v‡jvPbv: G L‡Ði ïiæi w`‡K nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv, nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †kÖwY wefvM, mnxnvq‡bi evB‡i
mnxn nv`xm, nv`x‡mi msL¨v, msKjb, Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ I mnxn gymwj‡gi •ewkó¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci gymwjg kix‡di gyKvÏvgvi (f~wgKv) niKZmn Aviex BeviZ
D‡jøLc~e©K e½vbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvic‡i wKZveyj Cgv‡b DwjøwLZ nv`x‡mi evsjvq Abyev`
wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, niKZmn Aviex‡Z c~Y© mb` I nv`xm ewY©Z n‡jI e½vbyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î
mb` ewY©Z nqwb, †Kej mb‡ì ïiæ I †kl ivexi bvg DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Abyev` I web¨vm c×wZi aviv
cieZx© LÐ¸‡jv‡Z Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`KgÐjx: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x; gvIjvbv KzZzeyÏxb; gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn
web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x; gvIjvbv gywgbyj nK; gvIjvbv Aveyj ekvi AvL›`; gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`;
gvIjvbv Avãyyj Rjxj; gvIjvbv nvmvb ingZx; gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv; gvIjvbv eyinvb DÏxb; gvIjvbv
Lyiwk` DÏxb; gvIjvbv †ngv‡qZ DÏxb; gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb gvmD`x I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj|
cÖKvkKvj: ‡g, 1991 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 486, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G msKj‡b wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ (cweÎZv),
nv‡qh (FZz¯ªve) I mvjvZ Aa¨vq Gi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj, gvIjvbv KzZze DÏxb, gvIjvbv BmnvK dix`x I gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` gymv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Ryb, 1991 wLª., wØZxq cÖKvk-GwcÖj,2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 504,
g~j¨: 212 UvKv| G‡Z gymvwd‡ii mvjvZ I Zvi Kmi Aa¨vq, dhv‡qjyj KziAvb, RygyÕAv, `yB C‡ì
mvjvZ, BmwZmKvi mvjvZ, mvjvZ Avj-Kzmd I Rvbvhv m¤úwK©Z Aa¨vq, hvKvZ Aa¨vq I wmqvg Aa¨vq
Ges BÔwZKvd Aa¨v‡q ¯’vb cvIqv (1440-2657)= 1217wU nvivKvZ hy³ g~j nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq
Avbyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, gvIjvbv BmnvK dix`x, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb, 1992 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 408, g~j¨: 210 UvKv| G‡Z wmqvg I nR¡ Aa¨v‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, gvIjvbv AvgRv` ûmvBb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj I
gvIjvbv Gg`v`yjøvn| cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î 1992 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 459, g~j¨: 220 UvKv| G‡Z nR¡ Aa¨vq
(Aewkóvsk) weevn, `yacvb, ZvjvK, `vmgyw³, µq-weµq, gymvKvZ I gyhvivAvZ Aa¨v‡qi Abyev` I
mswkøó Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` eyinvb DÏxb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Lyikx` DÏxb, gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web
mvC` Rvjvjvev`x| cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 460, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G‡Z wKZve Avj-
dviv‡qh †_‡K wKZve Avj-Av`vnx (Kzievbx) Aa¨vq ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, G (Avwki) `k‡K evsjv fvlvq e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †Kvb Abyev` Kg© Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvqwb|
beŸBi `k‡K iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm MÖšv’ ejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. mnxn nv`xm g‡Z wek¦bexi bvgvR I †`vqv wkÿv
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` wRjøyi ingvb b`fx, cÖKvk¯’vb : nwiivgcyi, `vD`cyi, w`bvRcyi| cÖKvkKvj: 1990 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 264, g~j¨: 35 UvKv| †gvnv¤§` Ave`yjøvn Avj-gvngy` KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Ômnxn nv`xm g‡Z wek¦bexi bvgvR
I †`vqv wkÿvÕ MÖ‡š’ cweÎZv AR©b, bvgvR I †`vqv m¤úwK©Z PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z wKQz nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
2. imy‡ji evYx
MÖš’Kvi: dRjyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: 35, wW.I.GBP.Gm. XvKv †mbvwbevm| cÖKvkKvj: 1990wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v:
111, g~j¨: 25 UvKv| Zibyg ingvb cÖKvwkZ Ôivm~‡ji evYxÕ bvgK nv`xm MÖ‡š’ 200wU evsjvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm,
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx, nv`xm I gynvwÏm cwiwPwZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|38
38 Ave`yjøvn web mvB` Rvjvjvev`x Avj-Avhnvix , evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v, cÖv¸³, c„. 65, (G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Gi †ekx wKQz Rvbv hvqwb|)
149
3. nv`xm c‡ov Rxeb M‡ov

MÖš’Kvi: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb: eY©vjx eyK †m›Uvi, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g ms¯‥iY-
†deªqvix, 1992 wLª., 3q ms¯‥iY-AvMó, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 48, g~j¨: 20 UvKv|
gšÍe¨: Avãym knx` bvwmg iwPZ Ònv`xm c‡ov Rxeb M‡ovÓ wk‡ivbvg †`‡LB †evSv hvq, wZwb wkï-
wK‡kvi‡ì D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Gfv‡e bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb| KviY •bwZK Aeÿ‡qi GB µvwšÍj‡Mœ, KziAvb-nv`xm
wfwËK Rxeb MVbB cv‡i Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì‡K evuPv‡Z| G Kvi‡YB Ônv`xm †Kb co‡evÕ, Ônv`xm †Kv_vq
cv‡evÕ kxl©K `ywU gyjëvb Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q ïiæ‡ZB| AZtci `ywbqvi Rxeb, KziAvb,
bvgvR, †ivhv, wcZvgvZv, wnsmv, AvgvbZ, mrKvR, RvbœvZ Rvnvbœvg, Avjøvni mš‘wómn `ywbqv I Av‡LivZ
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© me©‡gvU 57wU nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j nv`xm †_‡K PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wkï-wK‡kvi PwiÎ MV‡b eBwUi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
4. Avj-KziAvb I nv`xm ZË¡
MÖš’Kvi: gynv¤§` dLiæj Bmjvg, cÖKvk¯’vb : cwj wcÖ›Uvm©, †cvó Awdm †ivW, weqvwbevRvi, wm‡jU| cÖKvkKvj:
cÖ_g ms¯‥iY-1993 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 60, g~j¨: 12 UvKv| G eB‡q †Kvb mywPcÎ D‡jøL Kiv nqwb | G eB‡qi 1-
42 c„ôv ch©šÍ KziAvb m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv Ges 43-60 c„ôv ch©šÍ nv`xm cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, Bmjvgx kixq‡Z Gi ¸iæZ¡, msKj‡bi BwZnvm I wmnvn wmËv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. •`bw›`b Rxe‡b mybœ‡Z imyj (mv.)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: wbD Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, nvRx KzìZ Djøvn gmwR` gv‡K©U, wm‡jU|
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g ms¯‥iY-wW‡m¤î, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 188, g~j¨: 65 UvKv| †gvnv¤§` wbRvg DÏxb KZ…©K
cÖKvwkZ 15 Aa¨v‡q wef³ G MÖ‡š’ ag©xq wewa-wb‡la, Avè-Kvq`v, KziAvb PP©vi dhxjZ, Cgvb-Avgj, †cvkvK-
cwi”Q`, AvPvi-AvPiYmn AviI A‡bK LuywUbvwU wel‡q wKQz msL¨K nv`xm e½vbyev`mn Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
6. wmnvn wmËvi nv`x‡m Kz`mx
MÖš’Kvi: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb: 49/1,Gwj‡d›U †ivW, eo gMevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g
ms¯‥iY- †deªqvix, 1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 172, g~j¨: 70 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖš’wU wmnvn wmËvn †_‡K msKwjZ nv`x‡m Kz`mx Aej¤^‡b iwPZ| G‡Z me©‡gvU 87wU
nv`x‡m Kz`mx msKwjZ i‡q‡Q| D×…Z nv`xm¸‡jv‡Z cÖ_‡g g~j Aviex‡Z wj‡L Zvi wb‡P evsjvq Abyev` I
Z_¨m~Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vI Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖvi‡¤¢
Ônv`xmkv‡¯¿i K_vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 17 c„ôve¨vcx Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7. nv`x‡Q AvievCb: Pwjøk nv`xQ
MÖš’Kvi: dwi` Avng`, cÖKvk¯’vb : †jLK KZ©„K PÆMÖvg †_‡K cÖKvwkZ, cÖKvkKvj: 1996 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 32, g~j¨: 10 UvKv| Av‡jvP¨ Ônv`x‡m AvievCbÕ ev Pwjøk nv`xm msKj‡b fv‡jv Kv‡R wbq‡Zi
¸iæZ¡, Cgvb I GLjvm, nvjvj DcvR©b, Ryjyg, cweÎZv I bvgvh, ìæ` kixd BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ PwjøkwU g~j
nv`xm I mvay evsjvq G¸wji Abyev` †jLv n‡q‡Q|
8. Avgv‡ì bexRxi •`bw›`b Rxeb
MÖš’Kvi: †bvgvb Avng`, cÖKvk¯’vb : wkejx cÖKvkbx, Rvwgqv ingvwbqv, mvZ gmwR`, gynv¤§`cyi, XvKv,
cÖKvkKvj: cÖZg cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: 45 UvKv| Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’ nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.) Gi •`bw›`b Rxe‡b N‡U hvIqv NUbv cÖevn †_‡K wbev©wPZ nv`xmmg~n ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ wcÖq bex
(mv.) Gi wbZ¨w`‡bi Af¨vm, Zuvi †cvkvK, AvPvi-AvPiY I PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx I •ewkó¨ m¤^wjZ nv`xm
b¤î wfwËK web¨vm K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wcZv-gvZvi nK, ¯^vgx-¯¿xi nK, cÖwZ‡ekxi nK,
†jvf, †µva, wg_¨vPvi, wnsmv-we‡Øl I Mvb-evRbvmn AviI KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡qi nv`xm wbe©vPb K‡i
Zv evsjv Abyev`mn wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU msMÖ‡n ivLvi g‡Zv GKwU eB|
150
9. G‡mv Rvwb bexi evYx

MÖš’Kvi: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb : eY©vjx eyK †m›Uvi, 31/1 wkwim `vm †jb, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g ms¯‥iY, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 48, g~j¨: 20 UvKv| Avey eKi gynv¤§` Bgivb KZ…©K
cÖKvwkZ G cy¯Í‡K Avjøvn, cweÎZv, mvjvZ, mvIg, n¾, •bwZK PwiÎ, Bmjvg, wkÿK, AvbyMZ¨ I †bZ…Z¡,
mZ¨-wg_¨v, gymjgv‡bi AwaKvi, Rb‡mev, cÖwZ‡ekxi AwaKvi, kvmK, RvgvZ e×Zv, ivm~jyjøvni `yÔAvmn
cÖZ¨vwnK Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq wewfbœ wel‡q †gvU 213wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z avivevwnK
b¤î w`‡q niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm wj‡L bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Zvi Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10. evqvbym mybvb
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, wgicyi-12, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
cÖ_g msKjb-GwcÖj, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 64, g~j¨: 38 UvKv| G nv`xm MÖš’wU‡Z cweÎZv, bvgvh,
Avè-Kvq`v BZ¨vw` wel‡q PwjZ evsjvq Abyev`mn Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
11. G‡mv Rvwb bexi evYx
MÖš’Kvi: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb: eY©vjx eyK †m›Uvi, 31/1 wkwim `vm †jb, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g ms¯‥iY, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 48, g~j¨: 20 UvKv| Avey eKi gynv¤§` Bgivb KZ©…K
cÖKvwkZ ÒG‡mv Rvwb bexi evYxÓ MÖ‡š’ MÖš’Kvi Avjøvn, cweÎZv, mvjvZ, mvIg, n¾, •bwZK PwiÎ,
Bmjvg, wkÿK, AvbyMZ¨-†bZ…Z¡, mZ¨-wg_¨v, gymwj‡gi AwaKvi, Rb‡mev, cÖwZ‡ekxi AwaKvi, kvmK,
RvgvZe×Zv, ivm~jyjøvni `yÔAvmn •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ wel‡q †gvU 213wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i‡Qb|
G‡Z nv`x‡mi avivevwnK b¤î Abymv‡i PwjZ evsjvq Zvi Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
12. AvbIqviæj nv`xQ
MÖš’Kvi: nv‡dR gvIjvbv gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: `viæj wKZve, 50,evsjvevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
cÖ_g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 1997 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 434, g~j¨: 180 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: MÖš’wU gvIjvbv gyRxeyi ingvb KZ©…K PqbK…Z •`bw›`‡bi AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq GK nvRvi nv`x‡mi GK
PgrKvi msKjb| G MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nv`xmmg~n wmnvn wmËv, gymb` Avng`, evqnvKx, Zveivbx I `v‡igx
BZ¨vw` nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ| G‡Z Bmjvgx Rxeb weav‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Z_v e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK,
mvgvwRK I RvZxq Rxe‡b gymwjgMY •`bw›`b †h mKj mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb, G mKj mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ K‡i
nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K G¸‡jvi mgvavb †`qvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Gi web¨vm ixwZi cÖwZ jÿ¨ Ki‡j
cÖZxqgvb nq †h, G‡Z cÖ_‡g Aviex‡Z g~j nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Zv e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| nv`xm
wbe©vPb, mvRv‡bvi c×wZ I Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î †jL‡Ki m‡PZbZv, iæwP‡eva I `ÿZv cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
13. †kÖô nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: Gg. G. Iqvnx`, cÖKvk¯’vb: kwl©bv Avwjqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: RyjvB, 1997 wLª.,c„ôv
msL¨v: 147, g~j¨: 42 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ô‡kÖô nv`xmÕ wk‡ivbv‡g DwjøwLZ nv`xm msKj‡b Cgvb, bvgvR, weevn, †e‡nkZ, †`vRLmn
•`bw›`b RxebNwbô welqe¯‘ m¤^wjZ nv`xm mvay evsjvq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †ewki fvM nv`xm wmnvn
wmËvn n‡Z msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Z‡e ivexi bvg D‡jøL Kiv nqwb Ges nv`xm †k‡l Z_¨m~Î wn‡m‡e g~j
wKZv‡ei bvg ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G eB‡qi ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q `yB c„ôve¨vcx gvIjvbv Ave`yj gwZ‡bi
AwfgZ Ges nv`x‡mi Zvrch© I nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cwiwPwZg~jK wZb c„ôve¨vcx Av‡jvPbv|
14. nv`x‡mi Av‡jv I gvbe Rxeb
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, eøK-3, wgicyi-12, XvKv;
cÖKvkKvj: GwcÖj, 1997 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 181, g~j¨: 72 UvKv| Av‡jvP¨ wKZve PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í|
G‡Z cÖ_‡g i‡q‡Q nv`x‡mi cwiPq msµvšÍ 20 c„ôve¨vcx eY©bv| AZtci Cgvb, cweÎZv, bvgvh, †ivhv,
151
hvKvZ, PwiÎ BZ¨vw` wel‡q wKQz nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸wj niKZwenxb Aviex‡Z wj‡L PwjZ
evsjvq Gi Abyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq nv`x‡mi mswkøó e³e¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
15. ZvRix`ym wmnvn (2 LÐ)
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î ÔZvRix`ym wmnvnÕ MÖš’Lvwb †M․iegq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| ZvRix` k‡ãi A_©
n‡”Q, evûj¨ ewR©Z, wìæw³ gy³ Kiv| ‡hgb eyLvix kix‡d ewY©Z nv`xmmg~‡ni cybive„wË gy³ ¯^Zš¿¨
msKjb‡K ÔZvRix`yj eyLvixÕ e‡j| evsjv fvlvi BwZnv‡m me©cÖ_g 1987 mv‡j BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k ÔZvRix`ym wmnvnÕ cÖKí MÖnY K‡i| G hver D³ MÖš’wU `yB L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: msKjK I Abyev`K: gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`, gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn I gvIjvbv
iƒûj Avgxb Lvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1997 wLª.,
c„ôvmsL¨v: 432, g~j¨: 226 UvKv| G‡Z Cgvb I Bmjvg, KziAvb my bœvn AvK‡o aiv, mrKv‡R Av‡`k I
AmrKv‡R wb‡la, Bjg, ZvnvivZ, Dh~, †Mvmj I nvwqh Aa¨v‡q 266wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 547wU nv`xm
D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| D×…Z nv`xm¸‡jv Ab¨ †Kvb nv`xm MÖ‡š’ _vK‡j Zv dzU‡bv‡U wee„Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
nv`x‡mi c~Y© mb` ewY©Z nqwb; ïay †k‡li GKRb ivexi bvg I niKZ hy³ Aviex fvl¨ D×…Z K‡i PwjZ
evsjvq Zv Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2000wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 484,
g~j¨: 260 UvKv| G‡Z mvjvZ, RygyAv I gmwR` welqK Aa¨v‡q 314wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 796wU nv`xm
D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|

16. Avey `vD` kixd (5 LÐ)
g~j: Bgvg Avey `vD` myjvBgvb Bebyj AvkAvQ Avm-wmwR¯Ívbx (in.), Abyev`K: Aa¨ÿ gynv¤§` BqvKze
kixd, cÖ‡dmi W. Av. d. g. Avey eKi wmÏxK I gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§`, m¤úv`bv: Aa¨ÿ gynv¤§` BqvKze
kixd, cÖKvk¯’vb : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, evqZzj gyKviig, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: ÒZiRgv cÖKíÓ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki GK hyMvšÍKvix gnZx D‡`¨vM| Gi
avivevwnKZvi Ask wn‡m‡e Ôwmnvn wmËv ZiRgv cÖKíÕ Gi Aaxb m¤ú~Y© Avey `vD` kixd Gi evsjv Abyev`
Kg© m¤úbœ nq| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb m¤ú~Y© Avey `vD` kixd evsjvq Abyev` 5 L‡Ð avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk
K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m GK Awe¯§iYxq Aa¨vq m„wó K‡i‡Q| G MÖš’wU Dc‡ivwjøwLZ m¤úv`K
I Abyev`‡Ki mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq cÖYxZ nq| G‡Z cÖ_‡g niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z c~Y© mb`mn g~j nv`xm wjwce×
K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡` c~Y© mb` Zz‡j aiv nqwb, G †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g I
†kl ivexi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Avgi Beb AvId... Avey mvC` Avj-Lyìx †_‡K ewY©Z|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Ryb, 1990 wLª., 3q cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î,2014wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 470, g~j¨:
185 UvKv| G L‡Ð ïiæ‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv, †kÖwYwefvM,
wKZv‡ei ¯Íi, mnxnvq‡bi evB‡iI mnxn nv`xm i‡q‡Q, Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) I
Zvi mybvb MÖ‡š’i cwiPq, Gi cvÐzwjwc I fvl¨MÖš’mg~n Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve
AvZ-ZvnviZ †_‡K wKZve Avm-mvjvZ ch©šÍ †gvU (1-155)=155wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (1-866) =815wU
nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 1992 wLª., 3q cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î,2013wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 464,
g~j¨: 185 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve Avm-mvjv‡Zi Aewkóvsk, wKZve Avj-hvKvZ I wKZve Avj-
jyKZv (nviv‡bv m¤ú` cÖvwß) ch©šÍ †gvU (217+46+1)= 264wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (867-1720)= 853wU
152
Z„Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1992 wLª., 3q cÖKvk- GwcÖj,2014wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 492,
g~j¨: 190 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve Avj-gvbvwmK, wKZve Avb-wbKvn, wKZve AvZ-ZvjvK, wKZve
Avm-mvIg I wKZve Avj-wRnv` ch©šÍ †gvU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡qi (9+48+48+77+102)= 217wU Aby‡”Q‡ì
Aaxb (1721-2640)= 919wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1997 wLª., 3q cÖKvk- GwcÖj,2014wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 558,
g~j¨: 242 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve Avj-wRnv‡ì Aewkóvsk, wKZve Avj-Av`nv, mvq`, Iqvwmq¨vn,
dvivwq`, Rvbvwqh, Kmg, evqÔ, Kvhv, Bjg, Avkwievn I AvZwqgvn ch©šÍ †gvU (1-505)= 505wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (2641-3814)= 1173wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1992 wLª., 3q cÖKvk-GwcÖj,2014wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 492,
g~j¨: 190 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z nv¤§vg, wZeŸ, Zvi¾yj (Pz‡ji wmuw_ Kiv), wjevm, Kvhv (wePvi), BZK,
LvZvg, wdZvb, Bgvg Avj-gvn`x, hy×weMÖn, û`y` (`Ðwewa), w`qvZ (i³cY), mybœv‡Zi AbymiY I AvLjvK
Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 292wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (3815-5274)= 1459wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði
gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© mybvb Avey `vD‡ì evsjvq Abyev` mgvcÍ n‡q‡Q|
17. Dg`vZzj AvnKvg (eyLvix-gymwjg †_‡K msKwjZ nv`xm kixd)
g~j: ZKx Dmgvbx Avey gynv¤§` Ave`yj Mbx Avj-gvK‡`mx, Abyev`K: Gbvgyj nK †g‡mwi, cÖKvkK:
G.†K.Gg. gvngy`yi ingvb I gynv¤§` Aveyj Kv‡mg, cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î, 1990 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 144,
g~j¨: 35 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’wU Aviex‡Z iwPZ ÒDg`v Avj-AvnKvgÓ MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev`| G‡Z
me©‡gvU 407wU nv`xm Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥a¨ †_‡K 247wU nv`xm evsjvq Abyev` K‡i G MÖš’ cÖKvk Kiv
n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU eyLvix I gymwjg kixd †_‡K evQvBK…Z gymjgvb‡ì eënvwiK Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq weavb
m¤úwK©Z nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i f‚wgKvq D‡jøL Kviv n‡qwQj †h, evKx 160wU nv`xm wb‡q
AwP‡iB 2q LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡e| wKš‘ A`¨vewa (2015 wLª.) D³ 2q LÐwU cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
18. gymbv‡` Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv
Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb: kvwšÍaviv cÖKvkbx, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk- 1991
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 278, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G‡Z Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdvi Ôgymbv`Õ MÖš’ †_‡K evQvBK…Z
256wU nv`x‡mi evsjv Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z niKZhy³ g~j nv`xm wj‡L wb‡P PwjZ evsjvq
Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
19. gymbv‡` Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv (cÖ_g Ask)
Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb: gynv¤§` mv¾v` †nv‡mb, †gmvm© b~i jvB‡eªwi,
K·evRvi; cÖKvkKvj: 19†k †m‡Þ¤î, 1991 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 112, g~j¨: 52.50 UvKv| G msKj‡bi
ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q †lvj c„ôve¨vcx Bgvg Avey nvbxdvi mswÿß Rxebx kxl©K Av‡jvPbv| AZtci GLv‡b Bjg I
cweÎZv Aa¨v‡qi nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi c~Y© mb` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges g~j nv`xm
Aviex‡Z niKZmnKv‡i D×…Z K‡i Zvi bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ nv`xm
mswkøó cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z me©‡gvU 96wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
20. mybœ‡Z ivmy‡ji AvBbMZ gh©v`v
g~j: mvB‡q¨` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x, Abyev`: gynv¤§` g~mv, Abyev` I m¤úv.: Ave`ym knx` bvwmg, cÖKvk¯’vb
: mv‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~`x wimvP© GKv‡Wgx, eo gMevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g ms¯‥iY-b‡f¤î 1991
wLª., 2q ms¯‥iY-†m‡Þ¤î, 1995wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 306, g~j¨: 130 UvKv| GwU mvB‡q¨` Aveyj Avjv
gI`~`x iwPZ D`©y‡Z †jLv ÔmybœvZ Kx AvBbx nvBwQqZÕ MÖ‡š’i PwjZ evsjvq Abyev`| G‡Z mybœvZ fyj-ÎæwU
153
†_‡K cweÎ wKbv, Rvj nv`xm, nv`xm wjwce×KiY, mvnvexM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bv, Bjwg nv`x‡mi avivevwnK
BwZnvm BZ¨vw`mn nv`xm m¤úwK©Z wewea Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
21. nv`xm AvievCb
g~j: ZKx DÏxb Beb `vKxK, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi,
PKevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 7g gy`ªY-1991 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 64, g~j¨: 15 UvKv| gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK
dwi`cyix Ab~w`Z nv`x‡mi G cyw¯ÍKvwU‡Z •`bw›`b Rxe‡b gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq 40wU nv`xm
i‡q‡Q| nv`xmmg~n niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay evsjvq UxKvmn Abyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
22. mnxûj eyLvix
Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`ym mvgv`, cÖKvk¯’vb : W. kvn Ave`yj gwR`, 12,gqgbwmsn †ivW, XvKv|,
cÖKvkKvj: ‡g, 1992 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 255, g~j¨: 100 UvKv| G‡Z eyLvix kix‡di Aa¨vq, Inxi cÖvi¤¢
Aa¨vq, Ihymn wb`ªvhvc‡bi dwRjZ Gi Aaxb 147 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv c~Y©
mb`mn niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z wj‡L mvay evsjvq Abyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`x‡mi
e¨vL¨vI Dc¯’vwcZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
23. nv`x‡m Kz`mx
g~j: †kL RqbyÏxb Ave`yi iDd Avj-gvbvex, Abyev`K: gynv¤§` iwdKzj Bmjvg †P․ayix, cÖKvk¯’vb:
Bbw÷wUDU Ae UªvÝ‡jkvb GÛ wimvP©, AvMÖvev`, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-1992 wLª., 2q cÖKvk-
1993 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 76, g~j¨: 18 UvKv| gynv¤§` iwdKzj Bmjvg †P․ayix Ab~w`Z G msKjbwU ÔAvj-
Avnv`xm Avj-Kz`wmqvÕ kxl©K MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev`| g~j MÖ‡š’ i‡q‡Q 272wU nv`xm| Zv n‡Z Abyev`K
evQvB K‡i 151wU nv`x‡mi Abyev` K‡ib| GLv‡b cÖ_‡g niKZmn Aviex‡Z nv`xm wjwce× K‡i bx‡P mvay
evsjvq Abyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
24. gymwjg bvix‡ì cÖwZ imyjyjøvni Dc‡`k
g~j: Av‡kK Gjvnx eyj›` knix, Abyev`K: mvC` wgmevn, cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡gvnv¤§`x eyK nvDm, XvKv,
cÖKvkKvj: 1992 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 379| GwU g~jZ: D`©~ fvlvq bvix‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ msKwjZ GK Lvb nv`xm
MÖš’| Zv †_‡K evsjvq Ab~w`Z nq| G‡Z gymwjg bix‡ì Rb¨ wcÖq bex (mv.) we‡klfv‡e †h mKj
Dc‡`k-evYx D”PviY K‡iwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv‡K msKj‡bi gva¨‡g MÖš’wU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| wKZvewU gymwjg
bvix‡ì msMÖ‡n ivLvi gZ GKwU eB|
25. mnxn gymwjg
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi KuvUveb gmwR` K¨v¤úvm, XvKv KZ…©K m¤ú~Y© gymwjg kix‡di evsjvq Abyev` 8
L‡Ð avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m GK †M․i‡ev¾¡j Aa¨vq m„wó K‡i‡Q|
Gi ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebx I mnxnvB‡bi KwZcq mvaviY •ewkó¨ kxl©K Av‡jvPbv| G‡Z g~j
nv`xm c~Y© mb`mnKv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡` †Kej g~j ivexi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_g
niKZmn nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P evsjv Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb gmwR`
K¨v¤úvm, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP© 1992 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 302, g~j¨: 215 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæi
w`‡K Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ, mnxnvq‡bi KwZcq •ewkó¨, mnxn gymwj‡gi •ewkó¨ Ges nv`x‡mi cwiPq,
cwifvlv, nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †kÖwY wefvM, mnxnvq‡bi evB‡i mnxn nv`xm, nv`x‡mi msL¨v, msKjb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci gymwjg kix‡di gyKvÏvgvq (f~wgKv) 7wU Aby‡”Q‡` 73 c„ôve¨vwc
niKZmn Aviex BeviZ D‡jøLc~e©K e½vbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvic‡i wKZveyj Cgv‡bi AšÍM©Z 83wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ (1-366)= 366wU nv`x‡mi evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, e½vbyev‡ì
†ÿ‡Î mb` ewY©Z nqwb, †Kej mb‡ì ïiæ I †kl ivexi bvg DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ niKZmn Aviex‡Z c~Y©
mb` I nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyev` I web¨vm c×wZi aviv cieZx© LÐ¸‡jv‡Z Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
154
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`KgÐjx: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, gynv¤§` gymv; I †gvRv‡¤§j nK| cÖKvkKvj: Ryb,
1999 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 493, g~j¨: 230 UvKv| G msKj‡b wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ (cweÎZv) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-
27), nv‡qh (FZz¯ªve) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-30), mvjvZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-47) Ges wKZveyj gvmvwR` I
gvI`vDm mvjvZ (bvgv‡hi ¯’vb) Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-51) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (441-1449) = 1008wU
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †gvRv‡¤§j nK, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv; I gvIjvbv Avey Rvdi gKeyj Avng`
I gvIjvbv Av.m.g. byiæ¾vgvb| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-RyjvB, 2000 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 473, g~j¨: 240
UvKv| G‡Z gymvwd‡ii mvjvZ I Zvi Kmi Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-23), dhv‡qjyj KziAvb Gi Aby‡”Q`
(1-19), RygyÕAvi mvjvZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-16), `yB C‡ì mvjvZ, BmwZmKvi mvjvZ, mvjvZ Avj-
Kzmyd I Rvbvhv m¤úwK©Z Aa¨vq I hvKvZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-35) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (1450-
2362)= 912wU nvivKvZhy³ nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Av.m.g. byiæ¾vgvb, m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk-‡g, 2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 448, g~j¨: 150 UvKv| G‡Z wmqvg Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-33),
wKZveyj BÔwZKvd Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-3) I n¾ Aa¨v‡qi Aby‡”Q` (1-94) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (2363-
3260)= 897wU nvivKvZmn Aviex fvl¨hy³ nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv I gvIjvbv †gvRv‡¤§j nK|
m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 405, g~j¨:
150 UvKv| G‡Z weevn Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-24) , `yacvb Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-8), BZvK
(`vmgyw³) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-16), wjÔAvb (Awfm¯úv`) Aa¨vq, gymvKvZ I gyhvivAvZ Aa¨vq Gi
Aby‡”Q` (1-25),dviv‡qh Aa¨vq I wnevn Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-4) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (3261-
4056)= 795wU nvivKvZhy³ nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
b‡f¤î 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 532, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G‡Z IwmqvZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-5), bhi
(gvbœZ) Aa¨vq, Kmg Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-8), hy×Kvix Kvwdi, Rv‡bi e`‡j Rvb I i³g~j¨ BZ¨vw`
Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-11), û`y` (`Ðwewa) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-25), AvKwhqv (wePvi I mvÿ¨ `vb)
Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-11) jyKZv (Kzwo‡q cvIqv m¤ú`) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-4), Bgvivn (‡bZ…Z¡ I
cÖkvmb) Aa¨vq, Kmg Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-55), wRnv` I wmqvi Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-45), mq`
(wkKvi) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-11) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (4057-4907)= 850wU nvivKvZhy³ Aviex
g~j nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, gynv¤§` Ave`yi ikx`, Avãyj gvbœvb Zvwje, gvIjvbv Avey
Rvdi gKeyj Avng` I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv| m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
wW‡m¤î, 2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 568, g~j¨: 230 UvKv| G‡Z KzievYx Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-8), cvbxq
Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-33), wjevm (‡cvkvK) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-26), ûjg (¯^cœ) Aa¨vq, Avè
Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-11), mvjvg Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-29), mvc nZ¨v Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-5),
k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM I AccÖ‡qvM Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-5), KweZv Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-2), bex I
mvnvevM‡Yi gh©v`v m¤úwK©Z Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-59) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (4908-6176)= 1268wU
nvivKvZhy³ Aviex g~j nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Av.m.g. byiæ¾vgvb, gvIjvbv Avey Rvdi gKeyj Avng`, gvIjvbv mvC`
Avng` I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv| m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 2005
wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 606, g~j¨: 400 UvKv| G‡Z mvnvevM‡Yi gh©v`v m¤úwK©Z (evwK Ask) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q`
(60-90), Avè I cvi¯úwi m¤úK© Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-50), Kì (fvM¨) Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-7),
Bjg Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-3), whKi, `yÔAv I BmwZMdvi Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-27), ZvIev Aa¨vq
155
Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-11), gybvwd‡Ki AvjvgZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-10), RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg Aa¨vq Gi

Aby‡”Q` (1-6), wdZbv I wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-7), `ywbqv weivM I gg©¯úkx Aa¨vq
Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-17) I Zvdmxi Aa¨vq Gi Aby‡”Q` (1-20) Gi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU (6177-7337)=
1160wU nvivKvZhy³ nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g c~Y©v ½ gymwjg
kix‡di evsjv fvlvq Abyev` Kg© mgvß n‡q‡Q|
26. wZiwghx kixd (4 LÐ)
g~j: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.), Abyev`: gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`,
m¤úv`bv cwil`: mfvcwZ-gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK; m`m¨-gvIjvbv KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn; gvIjvbv wiRvDj
Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`ym mvjvg; W±i KvRx `xb gynv¤§`; gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`;
gynv¤§` jyZdzj nK; cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: msKj‡bi cÖvi‡¤¢ i‡q‡Q Abyev`‡Ki †jLv 21 c„ôve¨vcx f‚wgKv| G‡Z nv`x‡mi cwiPq, †kªYx
wefvM, Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, Bgvg wZiwghxi Rxebe„ËvšÍ I wZiwghx kix‡di •ewkó¨ BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ cÖ_g c~Y© mb`mn g~j nv`xm niKZ mnKv‡i wjwce× KiZt bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq
Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î c~Y© mb` Zz‡j aiv nqwb| cÖ_g I †kl ivexi bvg D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: 2q ms¯‥iY-A‡±vei, 1993 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 269, g~j¨: 180 UvKv| G L‡Ð
ZvnvivZ, Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ I Avhvb Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb me©‡gvU 288wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: A‡±vei,1993 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 428, g~j¨: 230 UvKv| G L‡Ð AveIqve Avm-
mvjvZ Gi Zvkvnû` cÖm½ w`‡q ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci GLv‡b RygyÕAv I C` Aa¨vq ch©šÍ 289-414
b¤î nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Ryb,1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 588, g~j¨: 220 UvKv| G L‡Ð hvKvZ, mvIg, n¾,
Kvdb-`vdb, weevn, wkï‡ì `y»cvb, ZvjvK I wjÕAvb Ges µq-weµq Aa¨vq ch©šÍ 615-1224 b¤î
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Ryb,1992 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 720, g~j¨: 355 UvKv| G‡Z wewa-weavb I wePvi Aa¨vq
†_‡K wKqvgZ ce© ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
27. mnxn gymwjg kixd
Abyev`: gynv¤§` Aveyj dvZvn fyTv, cÖKvk¯’vb : ‡gvnv¤§`x jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk 1993 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 424, g~j¨: 198 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ g~j gymwjg kix‡di cÖvi¤¢ †_‡K eve BZjvK
Bmg Avj-Kzdwi ÔAvjv gb ZiKvm& mvjvZ Gi Aaxb 153 b¤î ch©šÍ nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z c~Y© mb`mn
g~j nv`xm niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z D×…Z K‡i bx‡P mvay evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
28. Rv‡gÔ AvZ-wZiwghx (4 LÐ)
Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, cÖKvk¯’vb : evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb gmwR` K¨v¤úvm,
XvKv| Bgvg Avey Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.) KZ…©K msKwjZ ÒRvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv
Ab~w`Z evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi †_‡K 4 L‡Ð Gi m¤ú~Y© evsjv Abyev` cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g
niKZmn nv`xm wjwce× Kivi ci evsjv Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- gvP©, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 423, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv, nv`xm PP©v, msiÿY, MÖš’vqb, Bgvg wZiwghxi Rxebx I wZiwghx kix‡di •ewkó¨
BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci AveIqve AvZ-ZvnvivZ †_‡K AveIqve Avm-mdi ch©šÍ †gvU 6wU
Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-b‡f¤î,1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 427, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G L‡Ð
AveIqve Avh-hvKvZ †_‡K AvenvIqve Avj-eyqyÔ ch©šÍ †gvU 8wU Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
156
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-AvM÷,1997 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 430, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G L‡Ð
AveIqve Avj-AvnKvg †_‡K AveIqve Avj-weiwi Iqv Avm-wmjvn (mØënvi I cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© iÿv
Kiv) ch©šÍ †gvU 13wU Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-wW‡m¤î, 1997 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 422, g~j¨: 200 UvKv| G LÐwU
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv I gynv¤§` kvgmyj Avjg Lvb KZ©„K †h․_fv‡e Ab~w`Z| GLv‡b AveIqve AvZ-wZeŸ
(wPwKrmv ce©) †_‡K AveIqve Avj-Bjg (Ávb ce©) ch©šÍ †gvU 14wU Aa¨vq ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði
gva¨‡g wZiwghx kix‡di evsjv Abyev`Kg© mgvß nq|
29. AvLjvKzbbex (mv.)
g~j: nvwdR Avey kvqL Bmdvnvbx, Abyev`: gynv¤§` Avng` gyLZvi Kgi, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-A‡±vei,1994 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 402, g~j¨: 120 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Abyev`K AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvimv‡_ g~j Aviex †_‡K PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib| G
MÖ‡š’ bexRxi `qv, •ah©, `vbkxjZv, ÿgv, mvnwmKZv, †cvkvK-cwi‡”Q`, cvbvnvi I wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
eënvwiK `ªe¨vwì Av‡jvPbvmn wewfbœ wel‡q me©‡gvU 850wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g g~j
nv`xm wjwce× K‡i evsjv Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyev` †k‡l Ôdvq`vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm mswkøó
cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30. Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` (2 LÐ)
g~j: Bgvg eyLvix, Abyev`: gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb,
XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk-†g, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 532, g~j¨: 90 UvKv|
gšÍe¨: Bgvg eyLvix msKwjZ wkóvPvi welqK GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY nv`xm MÖš’ ÒAvj Av`veyj gydiv`Ó| G
g~j MÖ‡š’ 644wU wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb 1322wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU wkóvPvi I •bwZKZv m¤úwK©Z AZ¨šÍ
g~jëvb nv`xm msKjb| G Abyev` K‡g© g~j wKZv‡ei m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L avivevwnKfv‡e b¤î wfwËK nv`xm
D×…Z K‡i `yB L‡Ð mvay evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| PwiÎ MV‡b eBwUi welqwfwËK msKwjZ
nv`xm¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ Dc‡hvMx Ges DcKvix|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 218, g~j¨: 35 UvKv| G‡Z 1-127wU
wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb 1-255 b¤î ch©šÍ nvivKvZhy³ nv`x‡mi mvay evsjvq Abyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†g, 1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 532, g~j¨: 90 UvKv| G‡Z 128-479wU
wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb 256-1050 b¤î ch©šÍ nvivKvZhy³ nv`x‡mi mvay evsjvq Abyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
31. ZvRix`yj †evLvix (1g LÐ)
g~j: Aveyj AveŸvm hBb DÏxb Avng` hv‡e`x, Abyev`: Ave`yj Rjxj, cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡di‡`․m cvewj‡KkÝ,
41b_©eªæK nj †ivW, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 1995 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 295, g~j¨: 15 UvKv|
gšÍe¨: G MÖ‡š’ g~j nv`xm wjwce× Kiv nqwb| ïay g~j MÖ‡š’i µgvbymv‡i b¤îwfwËK nv`x‡mi mvay evsjvq
Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð Awni m~Pbv †_‡K Pzw ³e× `vmgyw³ Aa¨vq ch©šÍ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z
G Abyev`K KZ©„K Ab~w`Z ZvRix`yj †evLvixi 2q LÐ kxNÖB †ei n‡”Q g‡g© †NvlYv Qvcv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zv
A`¨vewa (2020wLª. ch©šÍ) cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
32. Avmvnûm wmqvi
g~j: gvIjvbv nvKxg Aveyj eviKvZ Ave`yi iDd `vbcyix, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Av.Q.g. gvngy`yj nvQvb Lvb
I Av: web mvC` Rvjvjvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: †m‡Þ¤î, 1996 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 644, g~j¨: 255 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: GwU gvIjvbv nvKxg Aveyj eviKvZ Ave`yi iDd `vbcyix KZ…©K D`y© fvlvq iwPZ g~j ÒAvmvnûm
wmqviÓ Gi evsjv Abyev` MÖš’| G‡Z wmivZzbœex, Avi‡ei BwZnvm, we‡klZt bex Kixg (mv.) Gi hy×weMÖ‡ni
BwZnvm PjwZ evsjvq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| MÖš’Kv‡ii `vex, GUv mxivZ welqK me©vwaK weï× MÖš’|
157
33. wcÖq bexi wcÖq mybœZ I ZvÔjxgym mybœvn

g~j: gvIjvbv kvn Aveiviæj nK, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZzj
Avkivd, 3/6 cvUzqvUzwj †jb, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î, 1996 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 92, g~j¨: 50 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: wcÖq bexi wcÖq mybœZ eB‡q gvIjvbv kvn Aveiviæj nK KZ©„K D`©~ fvlvq wjwLZ mybœZ welqK
eB †_‡K Cgvb I mybœvZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøwLZ wØZxq eB ZvÔjxgym mybœvnÕ‡Z
gymjgvb‡ì •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ welq m¤úwK©Z nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Dfq eB g~j nv`xm
D‡jøL Kiv nqwb eis PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm i‡q‡Q| D‡jøwLZ `ywU eB‡qi Abyev` GKwÎZ K‡i GKB
gjv‡U GKwU eB‡q cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2000-2010 ch©šÍ iwPZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm MÖšv’ ejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. wiqv`yj RvbœvZ
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb, cÖKvk Kvj: Rvbyqvwi, 2001 wLª., PZz_© ms¯‥iY, c„ôv msL¨v:
300, g~j¨: 350 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
gšÍe¨: G MÖ‡š’ wmnvn wmËvnmn nv`x‡mi †g․wjK MÖš’ †_‡K †mB me nv`xm evQvB Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z i‡q‡Q
BnKvjxb kvwšÍ I mg„w×, ciKvjxb Rxe‡b Rvnvbœv‡gi KwVb kvw¯Í †_‡K bvRvZ Ges Rvbœv‡Zi AdzišÍ
wbÔAvgZ jv‡fi my¯úó w`K wb‡`©kbv| G‡Z †ÿ‡Î g~j Bevi‡Zi mij e½vbyev‡ì cvkvcvwk cÖ‡Z¨KwU
nv`x‡mi g~j wKZv‡ei bv‡gi mvg‡b ZviKv wPý †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges cvÙxKvq †mme ZviKv wPý †gvZv‡eK
nv`x‡mi g~j wKZv‡ei we¯ÍvwiZ †idv‡iÝ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †idv‡i‡Ýi †ÿ‡Î nv`xm mg~‡ni Aa¨vq,
Aby‡”Q` I g~j wKZv‡ei nv`xm b¤î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 510wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
2. GnBqvDm mybvb
MÖš’Kvi: W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.), cÖKvk Kvj: 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 575, g~j¨: 380
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avm-mybœvn cvewj‡KkÝ, Avm-mybœvn Uªv÷, †c․i evm Uvwg©bvj, wSbvB`v|
gšÍe¨: G MÖš’wU 5wU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ mybœv‡Zi cwiPq I ¸iæZ¡, mybœvZ ebvg we`ÔAvZ,
mybœv‡Zi Drm, mybœv‡Zi cÖKvi‡f`, mybœvZ ebvg wLjv‡d mybœvZ wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| DcwiD³
Aa¨vq wk‡ivbv‡gi Av‡jv‡K welq wfwËK nv`xm Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G‡Z we`ÔAvZ †_‡K
evPvi Dcvq, Ahy, whKi, KzjLvbx BZ¨vw` †_‡K ïiæ K‡i niZvj, ag©NUmn gymwjg Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î
ivm~j (mv.) Gi Kg© I eR©‡bi mybœvZ Rvbvi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov mgv‡R cÖPwjZ mybœvn ewnf©©~Z
AMwYZ agx©q wek¦vm, Kg©, ixwZ I AvPvi Abyôv‡bi Av‡jvPbv cÖvÄj fvlvq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
3. nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZ
MÖš’Kvi: cÖ‡dmi W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.), cÖKvk Kvj: 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 672, g~j¨:
450 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avm-mybœvn cvewj‡KkÝ, Avm-mybœvn Uªv÷, †c․i evm Uvwg©bvj, wSbvB`v| G MÖš’wU
nv`xm I nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvZx Ges cÖPwjZ wg_¨v nv`xm I wfwËnxb K_v wk‡ivbv‡g 2wU Aa¨v‡q mvRv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| DcwiD³ Aa¨vq wk‡ivbv‡gi Av‡jv‡K welq wfwËK nv`xm Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
Rvjnv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i MÖš’vKv‡ii wbR¯^ †Kvb gZvgZ e¨³ Kiv nqwb| Zv‡eqxÔ, ZveÔZv‡eqxÔMY Ges
cieZx© gynvwÏmMY †h mKj nv`xm I ivex‡ì e¨vcv‡i †h gZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb ûeû Zv‡ì gZvgZ D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk †h mKj nv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv gZ‡f`mn D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q|‡Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| ev‡bvqvU nv`xm
eY©bvi cvkvcvwk †m wel‡q ewY©Z mnxn nv`xm cvIqv ‡M‡j Zv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
158
4. nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K gvbe Rxeb

MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` BDmyd, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤¦i 2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 224, cÖKvk¯’vb:
kZvãx cÖKvkbx, 491/1gMevRvi Iqvi‡jm †MBU, XvKv| Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wUi Z„Zxq I PZz_© LÐ GK‡Î
†LjvdZ cvewj‡KkÝ KZ…K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z gvbe RvwZi PvwiÎK ¸Yvejx I †`vl-ÎæwU m¤úwK©Z
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Qvov Gi weivU Ask Ry‡o nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi IwmqvZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm
5. nv`x‡mi weij Kvwnbx
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyj Bmjvg, cÖKvk Kvj: AvM÷-2004 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 76, g~j¨: 76
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: bvw`qvZzj KyiAvb cÖKvkbx, 59 PKevRvi, XvKv| nv`x‡mi weij Kvwnbx bvgK MÖnš’wU‡Z
gvby‡li e¨w³ Rxe‡bi mgm¨vi mgvavb m¤úwK©Z nv`xm¸‡jv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU mvejxj I cÖvÄj PwjZ
ixwZ‡Z iwPZ| G‡Z cÖv_©bv, †gngvb, `vIqvZ, ÿzav, Dcnvm, Aby‡kvPbv, Bbmvd, Avnvi BZ¨vw` Aa¨v‡qi
nv`xm¸‡jv AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6. wgjv`yb&bex (mv.)
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj Rvgvj gynv¤§` ZKxqyjøvn, cÖKvkbvq: 115 nvRx Imgvb Mwb †ivW, XvKv n‡Z cÖKvwkZ
(cÖvwß¯’vb- gvIjv eªv`vm©, 39 evsjvevRvi, XvKv), cÖKvkKvj: 22 GwcÖj, 2005 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 22| GwU
L¨vZbvgv fvlvwe` I K_v mvwnwZ¨K W. gynv¤§` knx`yjøvni cyÎ Aveyj Rvgvj gynv¤§` ZKxqyjøvn KZ©„K
msKwjZ 100wU nv`x‡mi GKwU msKjb| G‡Z Bmjv‡gi cÂ¯Í¤,¢ Rvwj‡gi kvw¯Í I gywg‡bi KZ©e¨mn
•`bw›`b Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq 100wU nv`x‡mievsjv Abyev` i‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv cÖavbZ eyLvix I gymwjg
kixd †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q|
7. mnxn gvmb~b Ihxdv
MÖš’Kvi: W. †Lv›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.)m cÖKvk Kvj: 2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, g~j¨: 50
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avm-mybœvn cvewj‡KkÝ, Avm-mybœvn Uªv÷, †c․i evm Uvwg©bvj, wSbvB`v| G MÖš’wU 4wU
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cwi‡”Q‡` Ihxdvi Av‡M KiYxq wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~ Y© wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv;
wØZxq cwi‡”Q‡` mvaviY †bK Avg‡ji Ihxdv, hv we‡kl mg‡qi mv‡_ hy³ bq; Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q‡` we‡kl
we‡kl whK‡ii Ihxdv, PZz_© cwi‡”Q‡` fvjevmv, mvnPvh© I gRwjm cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI
mnxn nv`xm wfwËK bdj Bev`Z I whK&‡ii ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K…Z wKQz wKQz wel‡qi nv`xm wb‡q MÖš’wU‡K
myweb¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8. g~j MÖš’: mybv‡b bvmvC kixd (cuvP LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avwãi ingvb Avngv` Beb ïqvBe Avb-bvmvC (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k| GwU wmnvn wmËvn Gi Ab¨Zg nv`xm MÖš’| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki Abyev` cÖK‡íi
Aaxb cvuP L‡Ð PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj fvlvq e½vbyev` m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2000wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 632,
g~j¨: 200UvKv| G L‡Ð 10wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb 27wU cwi‡”Q` †gvU (1-878)= 878wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ
evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2002wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 644,
g~j¨: 430UvKv| G L‡Ð 9wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (879-2093)=1214wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2003wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 620,
g~j¨: 240UvKv| G L‡Ð 6wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (2094-3564)=1470wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyw`Z
n‡q‡Q|
159
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2004wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 466,
g~j¨: 200UvKv| G L‡Ð 18wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (3565-4705)=1140wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` wea„Z n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv wiRvDj Kixg Bmjvgvev`x, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2005wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 364,
g~j¨: 145UvKv| G L‡Ð 7wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (4706-5761)=1055wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev`
wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q |
9. g~j MÖš’: mybv‡b Beb gvRvn (wZb LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BqvRx` Beb gvRvn (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
evsjv‡`k| GwU wmnvn wmËvn Gi Ab¨Zg nv`xm MÖš’| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki Abyev` cÖK‡íi
Aaxb wZb L‡Ð PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj fvlvq e½vbyev` m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Gg`v`yjøvn, gvIjvbv mvC`yj nK, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2000wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 524, g~j¨: 225UvKv| G L‡Ð `ywU Aa¨v‡q cweÎZv I Zvi cš’vmg~n Ges mvjvZ m¤úwK©Z †gvU
(1-1432)= 1432wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv mvC`yj nK, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj Rjxj,
cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2001wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 612, g~j¨: 445UvKv| G L‡Ð 19wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (1433-
2881)= 1448wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni, gvIjvbv Aveyj evkvi AvL›`, cÖKvkKvj:
wW‡m¤î-2002wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 656, g~j¨: 400UvKv| G L‡Ð 11wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (2882-4341)=
1459wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
10. g~j MÖš’: mybv‡b Beb gvRvn (PZz_© LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BqvRx` Beb gvRvn (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: AvaywbK cÖKvkbx| GwU wmnvn wmËvn Gi Ab¨Zg nv`xm MÖš’| GwU AvaywbK cÖKvkbx KZ©…K wZb
L‡Ð PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj fvlvq e½vbyev` m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2000wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 473, g~j¨: 280UvKv| G L‡Ð 5wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (1-
1080)= 1080wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: AvMó-2001wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 493, g~j¨:212UvKv| G L‡Ð 7wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU
(1081-2136)= 1055wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2001wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 547, g~j¨: 230UvKv| G L‡Ð 17wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU
(2137-3250)= 1113wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2002wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 486, g~j¨: 218UvKv| G L‡Ð 9wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU
(3251-4341)= 1090wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
11. g~j MÖš’: Avj-Av`veyj gydiv`
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg eyLvix (in:), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î-2001, ms¯‥iY: PZz_©,
c„ôv msL¨v: 530, g~j¨: 500 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G
MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 19wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 643wU Aby‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 01 bs †_‡K 1336 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1336 Lvbv
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ wcZv-gvZvi cÖwZ m`vPviY, AvZ¥xqZvi eÜb, mšÍv‡bi cÖwZ ggZv, cÖwZ‡ekxi
mv‡_ m`vPvi, e`vb¨Zv, K„cYZv, PvwiwÎK †`vl-ÎæwU, †ivMxi mv‡_ †`Lv-mvÿvZ, †gngvb`vix, Mvb-evRbv,
A_©c~Y© bvg ivLv, K`h© bvg cwieZ©b, Kve¨ PP©v, e¨½-‡K․ZzK mn bvbvwea Rxeb Nwbô wel‡qi nv`x‡mi
cÖvÄj PwjZ evsjvq Avbyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
12. g~j MÖš’: gvÔAv‡idzj nv`xm
fvi‡Zi L¨vZbvgv Avwjg gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx msKwjZ GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY nv`xm MÖš’
ÒgvÔAv‡idzj nv`xmÓ| hvi e½vbyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k 8L‡Ð cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| GwU PwjZ evsjvq
Ab~w`Z| niKZ hy³ Aviex fv‡lï Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
160
cÖ_g LÐ: g~j MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx, Abyev`: gynv¤§` byiæhhvgvb, cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, cÖKvkKvj: 2001 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 260, g~j¨: 65UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj Cgv‡bi 140wU nv`xm
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| wKZveyj Cgv‡b mvaviYZ: Cgvb m¤úwK©Z nv`xm msKwjZ nq; wKš‘ gvIjvbv †bvgvbx
Zvi g~j MÖ‡š’ nvki, AvwLivZ, RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg, eihvL BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z nv`xmI AšÍf~©³ K‡i‡Qb| Gi
KviY D³ welq¸‡jvI Cgv‡bi AvIZvf~³|
wØZxq LÐ: g~j MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx, Abyev`: gynv¤§` byiæhhvgvb, cÖKvk¯’vb:
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 304, g~j¨: 92UvKv| G L‡Ð Avjøvni fq
I AvwLiv‡Zi wPšÍv Aa¨vq †_‡K wiqv (†j․wKKZv) ch©šÍ 19wU Aa¨v‡q 259wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: g~j MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx, Abyev`: gvIjvbv mvC`yj nK, cÖKvk¯’vb :
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2004 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 352, g~j¨: 72UvKv| G L‡Ð ZvnvivZ
(cweÎZv) I mvjvZ Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ wel‡q 351wU nv`x‡m we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: g~j MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx, Abyev`: gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn web mvC`
Rvjvjvev`x, cÖKvk¯’vb : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2004 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 360, g~j¨:
72UvKv| G L‡Ð Avj-AvhKvi IqvZ `vIqvZ Aa¨v‡q Avjøvn whK‡ii gvnvZ¥, Gi wewfbœ w`K, gvmb~b
`yAv, ìæ` kix‡di dvhvBj BZ¨vw` wewfbœ wel‡q 322wU nv`xm msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: g~j MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` gbhyi †bvgvbx, Abyev`: gvIjvbv Avey mvC` gynv¤§` Ave`yj nvB,
cÖKvk¯’vb : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 568, g~j¨ :145 UvKv| G
L‡Ð Bjg, KyiAvb-mybœvn AvK‡o aiv, wdZbv, cÖksmv I dwhjZ, dvhv‡q‡j Avn‡j evqZ Aa¨vq ch©šÍ
227wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, 4_©, 6ô I 7g LÐ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
13. g~j MÖš’: G‡šÍLv‡e nv`xm (GKwU wbev©wPZ nv`xm msKjb)
MÖš’Kvi: Avãyj Mvd&dvi nvmvb b`fx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, cÖKvkKvj: A‡±vei, 2001 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 252, g~j¨: 180 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G
MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 11 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 399 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 399 Lvbv nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z gvby‡li mvgvwRK AvPvi-AvPviY, •bwZKZvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ mKj wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e
G MÖ‡š’ Zvrch© eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î `vk©wbK hyw³ cwinvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
14. g~j MÖš’: wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb

MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gwnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb-beex (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj:
RyjvB,2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 824 (1g-4_© LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 750 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm,
evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv
eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ (1g-4_© LÐ) GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ cwi‡”Q`¸‡jv
wk‡ivbvg I Zvi Av‡jv‡K KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Øviv m~Pbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb weï×
nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU 4 L‡Ð GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g L‡Ð †Kvb Aa¨vq
D‡jøL Kiv nqwb| cieZx© wZb L‡Ð 20wU Aa¨vq Z_v wkóvPvi, †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, †ivMx‡`Lv, ågY, wewfbœ
Avg‡ji dwRjZ, BÔwZKvd, n¾, wRnv`, Bjg, whKi BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU 1898 Lvbv nv`xm
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b †Kvb AvqvZ wKsev nv`x‡mi KwVb kã G‡m‡Q Zvi we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ïiæ‡Z Bgvg beex (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mb` wenxb g~j ivexi bvg
D‡jøLc~e©K PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
161
15. g~j MÖš’: AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (Pvi LÐ)

MÖš’Kvi: nvwdh hvwK DÏxb Avãyj Avhxg Avj-gybwhix, cÖKvk¯’vb : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k| GwU
mr Kv‡Ri cÖwZ Drmvn `vb, Gi cyi¯‥vi Ges Ab¨vq I Amr KvR ‡_‡K weiZ ivLv, fxwZ cÖ`k©b I kvw¯Í
msµvšÍ cÖwm× GKwU nv`xm msKjb|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: gynv¤§` byiæhhvgvb, cÖKvkKvj: 2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 588, g~j¨: 452UvKv| G L‡Ð
Bjg, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, bdj, RygyAv I mv`vKv Aa¨v‡qi nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: 2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 680, g~j¨: 496UvKv| G L‡Ð
weevn, †cvkvK I †m․›`h©, cvbvnvi, wePvieë¯’v, û`y`, AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© iÿv I wkóvPvi Aa¨vq m¤úwK©Z
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`: gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: 2003 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 680, g~j¨: 496UvKv| G L‡Ð
wKZveyh hvKvZ, mvIg, C`-Kzievbx, nv¾, wRnv`, wZjvIqvZ, whKi I `yÔAv Aa¨vq m¤úwK©Z nv`xm
msKwjZ n‡q‡Q |
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv Avngv` gvqg~b, cÖKvkKvj: 2005 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 616, g~j¨: UvKv| G L‡Ð
ZvIev, Rvbvhv, cybiæÌvb, RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg Aa¨v‡qi nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
16. g~j MÖš’: gyIqvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gynv¤§` Avk-kvievbx (in.), Abyev`K: AvjnvR¡ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk-A‡±vei, 2003 wLª ; ms¯‥iY: wØZxq,2015 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 594, g~j¨: 500 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb:
Avnmvb cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 17wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K
1010 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1010 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi m~Pbv‡Z Bgvg gynv¤§` (in.) Gi Rxebx
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU †k‡l AvmgvDi wiRvj ev nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì mswÿß Rxeb-PwiZ
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mij evsjvq nv`x‡mi Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk UxKv AvKv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
17. g~j MÖš’: mnxûj eyLvix
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Beb Beivnxg gyMxivn Avj-eyLvix Avj-RyÔdx (in.),
Abyev`K: Abyev` I m¤úv`bv cwil`, cÖKvk¯’vb: ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, 90,nvRx Avãyjøvn miKvi †jb,
eskvj, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv : ZvInx` cvewj‡K‡Ýi cÖKvwkZ mnxûj eyLvixi mKj LÐ ÔAvj-gyÔRvgyj gydvnivm wj
Avjdvwhj nv`xmÕ MÖš’wUi Aviex eY©gvjvi eY©vbyµwgK web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q; d‡j Ab¨vb¨ cÖKvkbvi
nv`xmMÖ‡š’i nv`xm bv¤^v‡ii mv‡_ wgj cvIqv hvq bv| ZvB G‡Z me©‡gvU nv`xm msL¨v 7563 wU| G Qvov
KzZzeyZ wZmÔAvn (eyLvix, gymwjg, wZiwghx, Ave~`vD`, bvmvC, Beby gvRvn, gymbv` Avngv`, gyqvËv Bgvg
gvwjK, `v‡igx) bqwU nv`xmMÖ‡š’i kã Avbv n‡q‡Q| †h †Kvb k‡ãi cv‡k †mwU †Kvb †Kvb nv`xmMÖ‡š’ Ges
†Kvb c‡e© ev †Kvb Aa¨v‡q Av‡Q Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h mKj nv`xm GKvwaKevi D‡jøL n‡q‡Q A_ev
nv`x‡mi Ask we‡k‡li m‡½ wgj i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi †k‡l c~‡ev©wjøwLZ I c‡ivwjøwLZ nv`x‡mi
b¤î †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi d‡j GKwU nv`xm eyLvixi KZ RvqMvq D‡jøL Av‡Q ev †m wel‡q KZ RvqMvq
i‡q‡Q Zv mn‡RB Rvbv hv‡e Ges welq wfwËK Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e| eyLvixi †Kvb nv`x‡mi mv‡_ mnxn
gymwj‡gi wKsev gymbv‡` Avngv‡ì †Kvb nv`x‡mi wgj _vK‡j gymwj‡gi wKsev gymbv` Avngv‡ì ce©,
Aa¨vq I nv`xm b¤î cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi †k‡l D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb: 1001 bs nv`xm †k‡l eÜbxi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q: (gymwjg 5/54, nv.677), (Avngv` 13602) GwUi b¤î GnBqvDZ Zzivm Avj-Bmjvgx Gi
b¤^‡ii m‡½ wgj‡e| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi (Aby‡”Q‡ì) µwgK bs Gi m‡½ wKZv‡ei (c‡e©i) b¤î hy³ i‡q‡Q
hvi d‡j mn‡RB †evSv hvq GwU KZ b¤î wKZv‡ei KZ b¤î Aa¨vq| †hgb: 1001 bs nv`x‡mi c~‡e©
GKwU Aby‡”Q` i‡q‡Q, hvi b¤î 14/7 Aa¨vq Z_v 14 b¤î wKZv‡ei 7 b¤î Aa¨vq| evsjv fvlvq
162
cÖKvwkZ eyLvix kix‡di wewfbœ Abyev`MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ †h mKj cvk©¦UxKvi gva¨‡g (gvhnve wfwËK) nv`x‡mi
e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi (jv-gvhnvex) Reve †`qv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov eyLvixi hZ RvqMvq KziAv‡bi
AvqvZ wKsev AvqvZvsk G‡m‡Q †m¸‡jvi AvqvZ I m~ivi b¤î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU L‡Ði †k‡l
cieZx© L‡Ði wKZve ev ce©wfwËK m~Px wbw`©wkKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 97wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z
01 bs †_‡K 7563 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 7563 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg eyLvixi Rxebx I
MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`x‡mi cwifvlv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU Aa¨vq‡K Avjv`vfv‡e
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K cÖwZwU nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ •ewkó¨vewj wb‡¤œi mKj
L‡Ði †ÿ‡Î mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(15 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi,2003 wLª.;
10g ms¯‥iY, 2018wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 600 wU, g~j¨ : 640UvKv| G L‡Ð Iqvnxi m~Pbv, Cgvb, Bjg, Dhy,
†Mvmj, nvqh, Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ, Avhvb,... mvjvZ mswkøó KvR I mvnD m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 22wU Aa¨v‡qi
AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 1236 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1236 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg eyLvixi
Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`x‡mi cwifvlv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU Aa¨vq‡K
Avjv`vfv‡e cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K cÖwZwU nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(17 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi,2003 wLª., 6ô
ms¯‥iY, 2013wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 597 wU, g~j¨: 650UvKv| G L‡Ð Rvbvhv, hvKvZ, n¾, Dgivn, mIg,
BwZKvd, µq-weµq, Aswk`vwiZ¡, ...eÜK I Pzw³e× `vm m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 28wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 1237 bs
†_‡K 2565 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1328 Lvbv nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abyev`mn wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(15 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2009 wLª., 15Zg
ms¯‥iY, 2018wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 736 wU, g~j¨: 680UvKv| G L‡Ð wnevi dhxjZ, mvÿ¨ `vb, weev`gxgvsmv,
IqvmxqvZ, wRnv`, m„wói m~Pbv, bexM‡Yi nv`xmmg~n,...mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`v m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 13wU Aa¨v‡qi
AšÍM©Z 2566bs †_‡K 3948bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1382 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(15 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: 2005 ms¯‥iY: 6ô, 2013,
c„ôv msL¨v: 696wU, g~j¨: 640UvKv| G L‡Ð gvMvhx (hy×-weMÖn), Zvdmxi, Avj-KziAv‡bi dhxjZ
m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 03wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 3949 bs †_‡K 5062bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1113 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ
ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`, (15m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: 2004wLª., ms¯‥iY: 4_©, 2012wLª.,
c„ôvmsL¨v: 634wU, g~j¨: 660UvKv| G L‡Ð weevn, ZvjvK, AvwKKv, wkKvi, hen-wkKvi, KzievYx, cvbxq,
wPwKrmv, wkóvPvi, .....AbygwZ I `yAv m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 14wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 5063 bs †_‡K6411 bs
ch©šÍ †gvU 1348 Lvbv nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abyev`mn wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(15 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: Rvbyqvwi,2009 ms¯‥iY: 4_©, 2012,
c„ôv msL¨v: 582 wU, g~j¨: 640 UvKv| G L‡Ð m`q nIqv, ZvK`xi, kc_-gvbZ, dvivwqh, `Ðwewa,
i³cY, ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v,.... wdZbv I ZvInx` m¤úwK©Z ‡gvU 17wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 6411 bs †_‡K 7563
bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1152 Lvbv nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abyev`mn Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
18. g~j MÖš’: BÔjvDm mybvb (Qq LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Rvdi Avngv` Dmgvbx (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k| fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Avwjg gvIjvbv Rvdi Avngv` Dmgvbx (in.) KZ©„K mybœvn Gi gh©v`v‡K mg‡bœvZ
Ki‡Y 22L‡Ð iwPZ wekvj G MÖš’wU g~jZ: nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei mybœvn wfwËK `jx‡ji AKvU¨ cÖgvY| Bgvg
Zvnvexi Ôkin gvÔwbj AvmviÕ nvbvdx wdK‡ni †hgb gReyZ GKwU cÖgvY, wVK †Zgwb nvbvdx wdK‡ni
MÖnY‡hvM¨ `vwjwjK cÖgvY wn‡m‡e D³ MÖš’wU †Zgwb cÖwYavb‡hvM¨|
163
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK dwi`x, cÖKvkKvj: 2005 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 626, g~j¨:
250UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z gvIjvbv Rvdi Avngv` Dmgvbx (in.) Gi mswÿß cwiwPwZ, nv`x‡mi cwifvlv
BZ¨vw` welq Dc¯’vc‡bi ci GKwU Aa¨vq wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ Gi Aaxb 8wU cwi‡”Q‡` cweÎZvi bvbv w`K
msµvšÍ †gvU (1-454)= 454wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv Av.e. mvBdzj Bmjvg, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2009 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 695, g~j¨:
330 UvKv| G L‡Ð mvjvZ m¤úwK©Z 8wU cwi‡”Q‡` †gvU (455-967)= 512wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv Av.e.g mvBdzj Bmjvg, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2009 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 695, g~j¨:
330 UvKv| G L‡Ð mvjvZ m¤úwK©Z 8wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (968-1630)= 662wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv Av.e.g mvBdzj Bmjvg, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2005 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 590, g~j¨:
250UvKv| G L‡Ð mvjvZ m¤úwK©Z 5wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb 40wU Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU (1631-2014)= 383wU
19. g~j MÖš’: Zvnvex kixd (Pvi LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Rvdi Avngv` AvZ-Zvnvex (in.), cÖKvkK: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k| Bgvg Zvnvex
(in.) nvbvdx wdK‡ni Ab¨Zg fvl¨Kvi| Zvi iwPZ Ôkin gvÔwbj AvmviÕ nvbvdx wdK‡ni GKwU gReyZ
cÖgvY I cÖwYavb‡hvM¨ MÖš’|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv RvwKi †nv‡mb, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2004wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 632, g~j¨:
250UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Rvdi Avngv` AvZ-Zvnvex (in.) Gi mswÿß cwiwPwZ, nv`x‡mi
cwifvlv BZ¨vw` welq Dc¯’vc‡bi ci 2wU Aa¨vq wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ Gi Aaxb 27wU cwi‡”Q` Ges mvjvZ
Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb 38wU Aby‡”Q‡` cweÎZv I mvjv‡Zi bvbv w`K msµvšÍ †gvU (1-1771)= 1771wU nv`x‡mi
PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q |
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv RvwKi †nv‡mb, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2004wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 752, g~j¨: 285
UvKv| G L‡Ð 5wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb 104wU Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU (1772-3917)= 2145wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev`
DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmwÏKzi ingvb, gvIjvbv RvwKi †nv‡mb I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avey
Zv‡ni, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2007wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 644, g~j¨: 320 UvKv| G L‡Ð ‡gvU 8wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb
83wU Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU (3918-5317)= 1399wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
20. g~j MÖš’: kãv‡_© iv‡n Avgj
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Rwjj Avnmvb b`fx, Abyev`K: W. wmwÏKzi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2004
ms¯‥iY: 15Zg,Ryb-2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 224, LÐ: 1g LÐ, g~j¨: 180 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: f~Bqv
cÖKvkbx, XvKv|
gšÍe¨: Ôiv‡n AvgjÕ Rwjj Avnmvb b`fx KZ©„K iwPZ GKwU msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’| f~Bqv cÖKvkbx †_‡K `yB
L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g L‡Ði ïiæi w`‡K nv`xm msKj‡bi mswÿß BwZnvm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
welq wfwËK nv`xm I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q| G Qvov nv`x‡mi g~j Bevi‡Zi k‡ã k‡ã A_© eY©bvq
cvVKe„‡›ì wbKU MÖš’wU bw›`Z n‡q‡Q| Gi †ekxi fvM nv`xm mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg †_‡K
msKwjZ| G‡Z 17wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb †gvU 208wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ
cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2004 ms¯‥iY: 15Zg, Ryb-2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 240, g~j¨: 180UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb :
f~Bqv cÖKvkbx, 38/3 evsjv evRvi XvKv-1100|
164
gšÍe¨: GwU •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Abykxjbxq GKwU msKwjZ MÖš’| 2q L‡Ði g‡a¨ 38wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb
209bs †_‡K 460 ch©šÍ †gvU 251wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z Rxe-Rš‘i AwaKvi, Ryjyg, †µva,
wg_¨vPvi, Øxwb wkÿv, •ah©, ZvIev, bdj Bev`Z BZ¨vw` welqwfwËK nv`xm I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q| G
Qvov nv`x‡mi g~j Bevi‡Zi k‡ã k‡ã A_© eY©bvq MÖš’wU cvVKe„‡›ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| G
MÖ‡š’i †ekxi fvM nv`xm mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg †_‡K msKwjZ|
21. mybvby Avex `vD` (6 LÐ)
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi KuvUveb gmwR` K¨v¤úvm, XvKv KZ…©K m¤ú~Y© mybvb Avey `vD` evsjvq Abyev` 6
L‡Ð avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m GK †M․i‡ev¾¡j Aa¨vq m„wó K‡i‡Q|
Gi ïiæ‡Z i‡q‡Q Bgvg Avey `vD‡ì Rxebx I Zvi mybv‡bi KwZcq •ewkó¨ ewY© Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j nv`xm
c~Y© mb`mnKv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡` †Kej g~j ivexi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_g niKZmn
nv`xm D×…Z K‡i bx‡P PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| †k‡l cwió-1 Gi g‡a¨ G L‡Ði D×…Z
nv`xm¸‡jv wmnvn wmËvi Avi †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q Ges cwiwkó-2 Gi g‡a¨ mvims‡ÿc ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ mKj L‡Ði welqe¯‘ avivevwnKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv mvC` Avng`, m¤úv`K: W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvey` I gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv,
cÖKvk¯’vb : evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb gmwR` K¨v¤úvm, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk: wW‡m¤î
2005 wLª., 2q cÖKvk-‡deªæqvix-2012, c„ôv msL¨v: 421, g~j¨: 300 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G L‡Ð ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) Gi Rxeb I Kg©, Ges Zuvi mybvb MÖ‡š’i cwiPq, iPbvi
KviY, Gi Ae¯’vb, •ewkó¨vewj, Gi cvÐzwjwc I fvl¨ MÖš’mg~n, mswÿß MÖš’mg~n Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv, †kÖwYwefvM, wKZv‡ei ¯Íi, nv`xm msKjb I cÖPvi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AZtci G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve AvZ-ZvnviZ (Aby: 1-143) †_‡K wKZve Avm-mvjvZ (Aby: 1-11) Gi
Aaxb me©‡gvU (1-720) = 720wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| †k‡l cwiwkó-1 G eZ©gvb L‡Ð DwjøwLZ
nv`xm¸‡jv wmnvn wmËvi Ab¨ †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv mvC` Avng`, gyRvw¤§j nK I AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-‡g, 2007 wLª., 2q cÖKvk-Ryb,2014 wLª, c„ôv msL¨v: 574, g~j¨:
400 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve Avm-mvjv‡Zi Aewkóvsk, RygAv, BmwZmKv, md‡ii mvjvZ, bdj
mvjvZ, iv‡Zi mvjvZ, wZjvIqv‡Z wmR`v, weZi mvjvZ Ges wKZve Avj-hvKvZ I wKZve Avj-jyKZv
(nviv‡bv m¤ú` cÖvwß) ch©šÍ †gvU (252+47+1)= 300wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (721-1720)= 999wU nv`xm
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Z„Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, m¤úv`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk-AvMó, 2008 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 410, g~j¨: 300 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZveyj gvbvwmK, wKZveyb
wbKvn, wKZveyZ-ZvjvK I wKZveym-mvIg ch©šÍ †gvU PviwU Aa¨v‡qi (99+50+49+81)=279wU
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (1721-2476)= 755wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-AvMó, 2008 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 533,
g~j¨: 350 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZve Avj-wRnv‡ì, wKZve Avj-Av`nv, mvq`, Iqvwmq¨vn, dvivwq`,
Rvbvwqh I Kmg ch©šÍ †gvU 396wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (2477-3325)= 848wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 462
g~j¨: 320 UvKv| G L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZveyj eyqyÔ (µq-weµq), Bjg, Avkwievn (cvbxq`ªe¨), AvZBgvn
(Lv`¨`ªe¨), nv¤§vg (MY‡MvmjLvbv), wZeŸ (wPwKrmv), Zvi¾yj (Pz‡ji wmuw_ Kiv), wjevm, Kvhv (wePvi),
BZK (`vmZ¡gyw³) I LvZvg (AvswU) Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 326wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (3326-4239)= 913wU
165
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv mvC` Avng`, gvIjvbv kvgmyj Avjg Lvb, gvIjvbv b~iæ¾vgvb, m¤úv`K:
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 579, g~j¨: 450 UvKv| G
L‡Ði AšÍM©Z wKZveyj wdZvb (wdZbv-dmv`), Bgvg Avj-gvn`x, hy×weMÖn, û`y` (`Ðwewa), w`qvZ
(i³cY), mybœv‡Zi AbymiY I AvLjvK (my›ì PwiÎ) Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 292wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb (4240-
5274)= 1034wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g m¤ú~Y© mybvb Avey `vD‡ì evsjvq Abyev`
mgvcÍ n‡q‡Q|
22. g~j MÖš’: ïÔAveyj Cgvb Cgv‡bi kvLvmg~n
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg evqnvKx (in.), ZvnKxK: Bgvg Dgi Beb Avãyi ingvb Avj-Kvhwebx (in.), Abyev`K:
gynv¤§` Lwjjyi ingvb gywgb, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2006 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 107, g~j¨: 60 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb :
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ÒïÔAveyj CgvbÓ ev Cgv‡bi kvLvmg~n wb‡q Bgvg evqnvKx (in.) KZ…©K iwPZ †QvU G MÖš’wU
AmvaviY GK Cgvb`„ß MÖš’| nv`x‡m Cgv‡bi mËziwUi Dc‡i kvLv-cÖkvLvi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB †`Lv
†M‡Q Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU 77wU cwi‡”Q‡` web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU cwi‡”Q`‡K ÒkvLv-1: Avjøvni cÖwZ
Cgvb;Ó Gfv‡e b¤îwfwËK D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e ivm~j, wd‡i¯Ív, KziAvb, ZvK`xi, AvwLivZ,
cybiæÌvb, nvki, RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœv‡g wek¦vm, Avjøvn I ivm~j‡K fvjevmv, cweÎZv, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ,
n¾, wRnv`, AvgvbZ, j¾vkxjZv, m”PwiÎ, j¾v¯’vb wndvRZ, AvZ¥xqZv eRvq ivLv, †`vl †Mvcb ivLv,
AvZ¥m¤§vb‡eva, e`vb¨Zv BZ¨vw` Ges me©‡kl ÒkvLv-77: wb‡Ri hv cQ›` Ac‡ii Rb¨ ZvB cQ›` KivÓ
Cgv‡bi kvLv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| cÖwZwU cwi‡”Q‡ì ïiæ‡Z KziAv‡bi AvqvZ D‡jøLc~e©K mswkøó nv`xm
niKZhy³ Aviex‡Z D‡jøL I Zvi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K gymwjg Zvi wb‡Ri
Cgv‡bi Ae¯’v Rvbevi ZvwK‡` n‡jI MÖš’wU msMÖ‡n ivLvi gZ LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU wKZve|
23. g~j MÖš’: mnR kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx
MÖš’Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Rwni DwÏb evei, cÖKvkKvj:
b‡f¤î, 2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 429wU, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvImvi cÖKvkbx, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G
L‡Ði g‡a¨ 1wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj Cgvb (wek¦vm msµvšÍ ce©) I 56 wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 01bs †_‡K
429bs ch©šÍ †gvU 429 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU‡Z Aby‡”Q‡ì mvims‡ÿc eY©bvmn mswkøó
Aby‡”Q‡ì nv`xm¸‡jvi niKZmn D‡jøL c~e©K mnR mij evsjv ZiRgv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
24. g~j MÖš’: ‡gkKvZ kixd
MÖš’Kvi: kv‡qL Iqvjx DÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyjøvn LZxe AvZ-Zve‡ihx (in.). Abyev`K: gvIjvbv dRjyi
ingvb I IevqB` Beb & mv‡jn, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î-2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 936, LÐ: (1g-11k LÐ
GK‡Î), g~j¨: 850 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Ô‡gkKvZ kixdÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb I IevqB` Beb & mv‡jn KZ©„K evsjv
fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ (1g-11k LÐ) GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 250wU Aa¨v‡q gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj kvLvi †gvU 6034 Lvbv nv`xm
mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’Kvi cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi ïiæ‡Z eY©bvKvix mvnvexi bvg I †k‡l Pqb K…Z nv`x‡mi
g~j MÖ‡š’i bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| G MÖ‡š’i AwaKvsk nv`xm wmnvn wmËvi wKZve †_‡K msKwjZ| G Qvov
evqnvKx, gymZvìvK nv‡Kg, gymbv` Avngv`, kin Qzbœvn, `v‡igx I `viv KzZbx †_‡KI nv`xm Pqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j nv`xm D×„Z nqwb; eis Zv mivmwi PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
25.g~j MÖš’: mnxûj eyLvix [g~j Aviex eyLvix kixd n‡Z Abyev`]
MÖš’Kv: Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj eyLvix (in.), Abyev`: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK kvqLyj
nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, cÖKvkKvj: Rvbyqvwi 2007 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
166
1120, LÐ: (1-10g LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 1200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G
MÖš’wU 1-10g LÐ ch©šÍ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Gi 1g L‡Ð 8wU, 2q L‡Ð 10wU, 3q L‡Ð 5wU, 4_© L‡Ð
17wU, 5g L‡Ð 5wU, 6ô L‡Ð 2wU, 7g L‡Ð 1wU, 8g L‡Ð 3wU, 9g L‡Ð 12wU I 10g L‡Ð 20wU †gvU 83wU
Aa¨vq Z_v Iwn, Cgvb, Bjg, Ahy, †Mvmj, nv‡qh, Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ, Avhvb, RygAvÔ, C`, Rvbvhv,
Zvnv¾y` BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z 7051 Lvbv nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j nv`xm D×…Z
nqwb, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY ¯’vb cvq wb; ïay e½vbyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
26. g~j MÖš’: kãv‡_© wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gwnDwÏb Avb beex (in.), Abyev`K: wmwÏKzi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: Rvbyqvwi-2008 ms¯‥iY:
15Zg ms¯‥iY, Ryb-2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1002, LÐ: (1-4), g~j¨: 1000 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: f~Bqv
cÖKvkbx, evsjv evRvi XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 1g L‡Ð 171 c„ôv, 2q L‡Ð 287 c„ôv, 3q L‡Ð 288 c„ôv I 4_© L‡Ð 256 c„ôv
†gvU 1002 c„ôv e¨vcx GKgjv‡U †gvU 1898wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖš’ iPbv I web¨vm wdKnx
cwi‡”Q‡ì aviv Abyhvqx web¨¯Í K‡i Gi mc‡ÿ KziAv‡bi AvqvZ mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi
†k‡l nv`x‡mi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv cÖgv‡Y nv`x‡mi ¯Íi wbY©q m~PK cwifvlv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi Avi
GKwU •ewkó¨ n‡”Q nv`x‡mi cÖwZwU k‡ãi A_© †f‡½ †f‡½ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov M‡elYvjä wKQz
hCd nv`x‡mi ZvwjKv G‡Z mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
27. g~j MÖš’: mnxn gymwjg kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix Avb-wbkvcyix (in.), Abyev`K: nv‡dR
gvIjvbv gydwZ gynv¤§` RvKvwiqv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2008 mvj, c„ôv msL¨v: 1120 LÐ: (mKj LÐ
GK‡Î), g~j¨: 850 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| Ômnxn gymwjg kixdÕ MÖš’wU
nv‡dR gvIjvbv gydwZ gynv¤§` RvKvwiqv KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi,
XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡ZB Bgvg gymwj‡gi mswÿß Rxebx D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 20wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb c~bive„wËmn †gvU 7377 Lvbv nv`x‡mi evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z
mij Abyev` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb Kiv nqwb|
28. g~j MÖš’: mybvb Beb gvRvn
MÖš’Kvi: Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BqvRx` Beb gvRvn Avj-Kvhexbx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avey
bv‡Qi gynv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2009, lô cÖKvk-2021 mvj, c„ôv msL¨v: 816, LÐ: mKj
LÐ GK‡Î, g~j¨: 900 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm,evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Ômybvb Beb gvRvnÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv Avey bv‡Qi gynv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq
Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv eyK nvDm,evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i m~Pbv‡Z
Bjwg nv`x‡mi Dci GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvq nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv, MÖš’mg~‡ni †kÖwY web¨vm, nv`xm PP©v I
cÖPvi, msiÿY I MÖš’ cÖYqb Ges Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, Beb gvRvn I Zvi mybv‡bi cwiPq, •ewkó¨
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci G‡Z 38wU Aa¨vq Z_v cweÎZv I Zvi cš’vmg~n, mvjvZ, Avhvb I Avhv‡bi
mybœvZmg~n, bvgvh Kv‡qg Kiv I Zvi wbqg c×wZ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU 4341 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z 3002wU nv`xm wmnvwmËvn Gi Ab¨ 5wU MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gwnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb-beex (in.),Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBqyg, cÖKvkKvj:
A‡±vei, 2010wLª.,c„ôvmsL¨v: 1064 (1g-4_© LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 750 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avkivwdqv eyK
nvDm, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBqyg KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges
Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ (1g-4_© LÐ) GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’
167
cwi‡”Q`¸‡jv wk‡ivbvg I Zvi Av‡jv‡K KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Øviv m~Pbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wk‡ivbv‡gi
Aaxb weï× nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU 4 L‡Ð GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 20wU Aa¨v‡qi
AšÍM©Z 371wU cwi‡”Q` Z_v wkóvPvi, †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, †ivMx‡`Lv, ågY, wewfbœ Avg‡ji dwRjZ,
BÔwZKvd, n¾, wRnv`, Bjg, whKi BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU 1898 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z mb` wenxb g~j iexi bvg D‡jøL K‡i PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4.3 e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xm MÖ‡š’i evsjv fvlvq Abyev`
30. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: BbÔAvgyj evix ki‡n eyLvix
MÖš’Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxb (in.), `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`; Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Aveyj
nvqvZ gynv¤§` Zv‡iK, cÖKvk Kvj: 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 536, g~j¨: 335 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv
KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxb (in.) KZ…©K D`©~ fvlvq iwPZ ÒBbÔAvgyj evix ki‡n
eyLvixÓ MÖš’wU mnxn eyLvixi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ fvl¨ MÖš’| D³ e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’i evsjv fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib
gvIjvbv Aveyj nvqvZ gynv¤§` Zv‡iK| G hver MÖš’wUi cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð `ywU Aa¨vq Z_v
wKZveyj gvMvhx I wKZveyZ Zvdmxi Aa¨v‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ we‡kl wKQz
•ewk‡ó¨ g‡a¨ ZiRgvZzj ev‡ei we‡kølY, ivex‡ì mswÿß cwiwPwZ, RwUj kã we‡kølY, bex (mv.) Gi
mivmwi wRnv‡` AskMÖn‡Yi msL¨vi weeiY, mvwiqv I MvhIqvi avivevwnK eY©bv, gZ‡f`c~Y© gvmv‡q‡ji
mgš^q mvab, ÒÁvZe¨ welqÓ wk‡ivbv‡g mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq we‡kølY D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PwjZ
evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
31. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: dqhyj gybÔBg ki‡n gyKvÏvgv‡q gymwjg
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` cvjbcyix (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm, †Ìe›`| Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng`
Kixg wmÏxKx I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g, cÖKvk Kvj: Zv.we, c„ôv msL¨v: 331, g~j¨ : 296
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix Avb-wbkvcyix (in.) KZ©„K cÖYxZ Bj‡g
nv`x‡mi Abe× m„wó Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †MvUv gymwjg we‡k¦ 2q cÖavb mnxn nv`xm MÖš’ wn‡m‡e mgv`„Z| G
MÖš’wU eû fvlvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` cvjbcyix KZ©„K D`~© fvlvq cÖYxZ
Ôdqhyj gybÔBg ki‡n gyKvÏvgv‡q gymwjgÕ D³ Ômnxn gymwj‡gi gyKvÏvg Z_v f~wgKvi Dci iwPZ GK
AmvaviY e¨vL¨v MÖš’| G MÖš’wU nv`xm wkÿv_x©‡ì Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ I mnR‡eva¨ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ gvIjvbv
gvndzRyi ingvb wmwÏKx KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ Ges Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi,
XvKv KZ©„K cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| D³ e¨vL¨v MÖš’wU‡Z cÖ_‡g GKwU wk‡ivbvg wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges
Zvi Aaxb gvZ…fvlvq Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi `vex ev e³e¨ we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Bgvg gymwjg
(in.) Gi BeviZ wj‡L PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Dnvi mij evsjv Abyev` I `y‡e©va¨ kã I evK¨ we‡kølY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk G‡Z QqwU wel‡q ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-1. c~Y© Av¯’vfvRb ivex‡ì m~‡Î (ewY©Z
nv`x‡mi †ÿ‡Î) hCd ivex‡ì mgv‡jvPbv †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv Avek¨K| 2. gnvexi (mv.) cÖwZ wg_¨v‡ivc
†_‡K mZK© _vKv; 3. hv ï‡b ZvB eY©bv Kivi cÖeYZv †_‡K mZ©K Kiv; 4. `~e©j ivex †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv
Kiv †_‡K mZK© _vKv; 5. mb` eY©bvi ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc; 6. gyÔAvbÔAvb nv`xm Øviv cÖgvY †c‡ki weavb cÖm‡½
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk Bgvg gymwj‡gi (in.) cwiPq I gymwjg kixd msµšÍ Av‡jvPbv
Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q|
32. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: ÔAvIbyj-evix kin mnxnxj eyLvix
MÖš’Kvi: cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn (in.), cÖKvkKvj: †m‡Þ¤î, 2004 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 312 (1g
LÐ), g~j¨: 160 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avj-gvKZvevZzk-kvwdqv, we‡bv`cyi, ivRkvnx|
168
gšÍe¨: Aviex I D`©~ fvlvq iwPZ wewfbœ fvl¨MÖ‡š’i mvnvh¨ wb‡q mnxûj eyLvixi fvl¨MÖš’ ÒAvIbyj-evix
kin mnxnxj eyLvixÓ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z Bgvg eyLvixi Rxebe„ËvšÍ I Zvi msKwjZ
mnxûj eyLvix m¤ú‡K© we¯Ívwi eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Aci mb`mn g~j nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Kiv
n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`x‡mi kã I ev‡Kï we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvic‡i BgvgM‡Yi wdKnx gZvgZ I
Zv‡ì `jxj wek`fv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gic‡i mswkøó nv`xm m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ cÖkœ I †m¸‡jvi Reve
†Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡k‡l nv`xm †_‡K Bw¯Í¤^vZK…Z (D™¢vweZ) welq Ges Gi dvq`v eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
MÖ‡š’ gvÎ QqLvbv nv`x‡mi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’Kvi Gi cieZx© LÐ¸‡jv Avi cÖKvk K‡i
†h‡Z cv‡ibwb|
33. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: bvmiæj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvix (14LÐ)
e¨vL¨vKvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Dmgvb MYx (in.) kvqLyj nv`xm, gvhvwni Dj~g gvìvmv, mvnivbcyi, fviZ;
Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g; cÖKvk Kvj: Zv we,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: weï×Zvi w`K †_‡K gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i mev©waK weï× MÖš’ n‡”Q mnxn Avj-
eyLvix| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k wewfbœ fvlvq G MÖš’Lvwb Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvqI G MÖš’wUi
e½vbyev` wewfbœ cÖKvkbx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ evsjv fvlvq eyLvix kix‡di e¨vL¨v MÖš’ Òbvmiæj evix
kiû mnxwnj eyLvixÓ Gi Abyev` me©cÖ_g Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjvevRvi, XvKv KZ©„K 14 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ
nq| G‡Z c~Y©v½ mb`mn eyLvix kix‡di gZb D‡jøL, PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev`, RwUj I `y‡e©va¨ k‡ãi
ZvnKxK-ZviKxe Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, BLwZjvdx gvmAvjvi mgvavb, cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi c~e©vci
†hvMm~Î D‡jøL, ZiRgvZzj eve Øviv Bgvg eyLvixi D‡Ïk¨ we‡kølY, cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi ivexi mswÿß cwiwPwZ,
ZiRgvZzj ev‡ei mv‡_ D×…Z nv`x‡m m¤úK© wbY©q, cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi cwimsL¨vb (eyLvix kix‡di Ab¨ †Kvb
†Kvb ¯’v‡b Av‡Q Zv D‡jøL), wk‡ivbvg msµvšÍ welq‡K KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K cÖvgvY¨ `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z
Dc¯’vcb K‡i wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi aib-c×wZ wb‡¤œi mKj
L‡Ði †ÿ‡Î mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
968, g~j¨: 695 UvKv| G L‡Ði m~Pbv‡Z nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cwiPq, nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q
Ges myjvwmqvZ mb`wewkó nv`xmmg~n c„_Kfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, eyLvix kix‡d me©‡gvU
22wU myjvwmqvZ mb`wewkó nv`xm i‡q‡Q| AZtci eveyj Inx, wKZveyj Cgvb I wKZveyj Bjg wk‡ivbv‡g
3wU Aa¨vq Gi Aaxb 95wU cwi‡”Q` AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ †gvU 134wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g; c„ôv msL¨v:
912, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ cuvPwU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj nv‡qh, †Mvmj, Ihy, Zvqv¤§yg I mvjv‡Zi
Aaxb †gvU 191wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 135 bs †_‡K 424 bs ch© šÍ †gvU 289 wU
nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
872, g~j¨: 850 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wZbwU Aa¨vq Z_v mvjv‡Zi †klvsk, mvjv‡Zi Iqv³ I wKZveyj
Avhv‡bi Aaxb †gvU 229wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 425 bs †_‡K 797 b¤î ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 372wU nv`xm
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
1064, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ cuvPwU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj Avhv‡bi †klvsk, wKZveyj RygAv,
mvjvZzj C`vBb, weZi, BmwZ¯‥v......RvbvB‡hi Aaxb †gvU 328wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z 798 bs †_‡K 1317 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 519wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
169
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
1120, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ cuvPwU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj nvqh, †Mvmj, Ihy, Zvqv¤§yg I
mvjv‡Zi Aaxb †gvU 378wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 1318 bs †_‡K 2000 bs ch©šÍ
†gvU 682wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
1120, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ cuvPwU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj eyqyÔ ....LymygvZ, jyKZv, kvnv`vZ,
wnevn, myjn, Imxqvn Gi Aaxb †gvU 378wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 2001 bs †_‡K
2700 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 469wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
808, g~j¨: 725 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ cuvPwU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj wRnv`, wRwhqv, wKZvey ev`Dj LjK,
wKZveyj Avw¤^qvi Aaxb †gvU 312wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 2701 bs †_‡K 3668
bs ch©šÍ †gvU 967wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g| c„ôv msL¨v:
927, g~j¨: 850 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyj gvMvhx wk‡ivbv‡g 1wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb †gvU 90wU cwi‡”Q‡`
web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 1745 bs †_‡K 2259 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 514wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wKZveyj gvMvhx Z_v gnvbex (mv.) KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ hy×-weMÖn msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv G L‡Ð mwbœ‡ewkZ
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Dkvqivi hy×, eì hy×, Iû` hy‡×i weeiY, Iû` hy‡× kvnv`vZ eiYKvix mvnexMY, L›`K
hy×, hvZzi wiKvi hy×, Avbgv‡ii hy×, û`vqweqvi mwÜ, Lvqev‡ii hy×, hvZzj Kviv‡ì hy×, g°v weRq
Awfhvb, ûbvB‡bi hy×, Zvey‡Ki hy× BZ¨vw` hy×-Awfhvb msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
beg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avng` Kixg wmÏmxK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg gvm~g; c„ôv msL¨v:
1240, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyZ Zvdmxi wk‡ivbv‡g 1wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb †gvU 380wU
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 2260bs †_‡K 2625bs ch©šÍ †gvU 365wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði g‡a KziAvb gvRx‡ì m~iv Avj-dvwZnv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i me©‡kl m~iv Avb-bvm ch©šÍ wewfbœ
m~iv, AvqvZ I Ø¨_©‡evaK kã BZ¨vwì Zvdmxi msµvšÍ nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
`kg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb AvKxj I gydwZ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn; c„ôv msL¨v: 1072,
g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZvey dvhvwqwjj KziAvb, wKZveyb wbKvn, ZvjvK, AvZBgvn, AvKxKv,
Avkwiev BZ¨vwì Aaxb †gvU 450wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 4788 bs †_‡K 5554
bs ch©šÍ †gvU 766wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GKv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb AvKxj I gydwZ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn; c„ôv msL¨v:
783, g~j¨: 735 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyj wjevm, Avè, BmwZhvb I `vIqvZ Gi Aaxb †gvU
450wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 5555 bs †_‡K 6164 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 609wU nv`xm
AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Øv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb AvKxj I gydwZ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn; c„ôv msL¨v: 719,
g~j¨: 730 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyi wiKvK, nvqh, Kì, dviv‡qR, û`y` BZ¨vwì Aaxb †gvU 230wU
cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 6165 bs †_‡K 6671 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 506wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Î‡qv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb AvKxj I gydwZ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn; c„ôv msL¨v:
672, g~j¨: 750 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyj BKivn, wnqvj, ZvÔwei, AvnKvg BZ¨vwì Aaxb †gvU
168wU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 6672 bs †_‡K 6976 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 304wU nv`xm
D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
170
PZz`k © LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb AvKxj I gydwZ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn; c„ôv msL¨v:
672, g~j¨: 750 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wKZveyj BÔwZmvg, iÏyj Rvgwnq¨vn BZ¨vwì Aaxb †gvU 87wU
cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 6977 bs †_‡K 7262 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 285wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G 14k L‡Ði gva¨‡g Òbvmiæj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvixÓ bvgK eyLvix kix‡di D`~© fvl¨
MÖš’wUi e½vbyev` mgvß n‡q‡Q|
34. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: AvbIqviæj wgkKvZ ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (7LÐ)
e¨vL¨vKvi: gvIjvbv Avngv` gvqg~b I gydwZ Avãym mvjvg, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv
evRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: ÒAvbIqviæj wgkKvZ ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvmvexnÓ MÖš’wU wgkKvZzj gvmvexn Bgvg Avey
gynv¤§` ûmvBb web gvmD` Avj-evMvex (in.) I gynv¤§` web Avãyjøvn Avey Avãyjøvn IqvjxDÏxb AvZ-
wZeixRx (in.) KZ©„K msKwjZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i evsjv fvlvq iwPZ GKLvbv e¨vL¨v MÖš’| gvIjvbv Avngv`
gvqg~b I gydwZ Avãym mvjvg KZ©„K g~j wgkKvZ kix‡di e½vbyev` I evsjv fvlvq mswkøó e¨vL¨v
we‡kølYmn 7 L‡Ði wekvj MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv KZ©„K MÖš’wU
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| m¤¢Z: GUvB evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ wgkKvZ kix‡di cÖ_g c~Yv©½ e¨vL¨v MÖš’| G
MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z nv`xm¸‡jv mvaviYZ: wmnvn wmËvnmn Ab¨vb¨ mnxn nv`x‡mi wKZvemg~n †_‡K PqbK„Z| G‡Z
†gvU nv`xm msL¨v 6034 Lvbv| cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi AšÍM©Z `y‡e©va¨ kãvewji ZvnKxK Z_v kvwãK we‡kølY,
wUKv-wUàbx, g~j e³‡eï e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, ivex Z_v nv`xm eY©bvKvixM‡Yi mswÿß Rxeb PwiZ ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| G Qvov BgvgM‡Yi gZ‡f`c~Y© gvmAvjvi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: Zv we, c„ôv msL¨v: 416 , g~j¨: 670 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv
evRvi, XvKv| G (cÖ_g) L‡Ði g‡a¨ 4wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj Cgvb, wKZveyj Bjg, wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ I
cvwbi weavb Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ 17wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 517 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 517 Lvbv nv`xm
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: Zv we, c„ôv msL¨v: 636, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 1wU Aa¨vq Z_v
wKZveyj mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ 53wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 518 bs †_‡K 1436 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 918 Lvbv nv`xm
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ mvjv‡Zi mgq, dhxjZ, Avhvb, mvjv‡Z wKiAvZ cvV, `yAv, wmR`vn mvû, mvjv‡Zi
wbwl× mgq, mybœvZ-bdj mvjv‡Zi dhxjZ, RygÔAv mvjv‡Zi dhxjZ BZ¨vw` mvjvZ msµvšÍ nv`x‡mi
e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: Zv we, c„ôv msL¨v: 608, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 6wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj
Rvbv‡qh, wKZveyh& hvKvZ, wKZveym& mvIg, wKZvey dvhvwqwjj KziAvb, wKZveyZ `vIqvZ I wKZvey
AvmgvBjøvn ZvÔqvjv Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ 37wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 1437 bs †_‡K 2390 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 953
Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: ‡deªæqvix-2012 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 524, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 6wU Aa¨vq
Z_v wKZveyj nv¾, wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyb wbKvn, BZvK, AvBgvb I BgviZ Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 2391 bs
†_‡K 3398 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1007 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: ‡deªæqvix-2012 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 542, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 8wU
Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj û`y`, wKZveyj BgvivZ Iqvj Kvhv, wKZveyj wRnv`, wKZveym mvq`, wKZveyj AvZBgv
I wKZveyj wjevm Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 3399 bs †_‡K 4422 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1023 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: GwcÖj-2012 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 540, g~j¨: 670 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 3wU Aa¨vq Z_v
wKZveyj Av`ve, wiKvK I wdZvb Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 4423 bs †_‡K 5330 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 907 Lvbv nv`xm
171
mßg LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: ‡g-2012 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 444, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ eveyj nvIR
Iqvk kvdvZ, wmdvZzj RvbœvwZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i evey mvIqvwe nvwRj D¤§vn ch©šÍ 32wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z
5331 bs †_‡K 6294 ch©šÍ †gvU 963 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g AvbIqviæj wgkKv‡Zi
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q|
35. e¨vL¨v MÖš’ : ì‡m wZiwghx (5LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gydwZ gynv¤§` ZvKx Dmgvbx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn Bnmvb, gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni, gvIjvbv
Bn‡Zkvgyj nK I gvIjvbv iwdKzj Bmjvg; cÖKvk Kvj: Zv.we, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv
evRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.) KZ©„K cÖYxZ Bj‡g nv`x‡mi
Abe`¨ m„wó ÔwZiwghx kixdÕ †MvUv gymwjg we‡k¦ mgv`„Z| G MÖš’wU eûfvlvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb gydwZ gynv¤§` ZvKx Dmgvbx KZ©„K D`~© fvlvq cÖYxZ Ôì‡m wZiwghxÕ D³
wZiwghx kix‡di GK AmvaviY e¨vL¨v MÖš’| nv`xm kv‡¯¿i wkÿv_©x‡ì wbKU we‡klZ: KIgx avivi
wkÿv_©x‡ì gv‡S MÖš’wU e¨vcKfv‡e RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| G MÖš’wU Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †evaMg¨
I mnR‡eva¨ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn Bnmvb, gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni, gvIjvbv Bn‡Zkvgyj nK I
gvIjvbv iwdKzj Bmjvg KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv KZ©„K
cvuP L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivexM‡Yi ¯Íi eY©bv, nv`xm MÖn‡Y †ÿ‡Î mZK©Zvg~jK
wewfbœ c×wZi D‡jøL Ges mKj nv`x‡mi mb` D‡jøL Ges mb` m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv †ck G MÖ‡š’i we‡kl
•ewkó¨ wn‡m‡e cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov BLwZjvdx wel‡q mKj gvhnv‡ei `jxj-cÖgvY¸‡jv c„_Kfv‡e
¯úó K‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, eëmvwqK †K․kjMZ Kvi‡Y D³ MÖš’wUi cÖKvk mvj D‡jøL Kiv
nqwb e‡j Rvbv‡M‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 687, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ð MÖš’Kvi f~wgKvi c‡i nv`x‡mi cwiPq, nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm, nv`x‡mi Av‡jvP¨ welq, cÖKvi‡f`, dwRjZmn nv`xm A¯^xKviKvix‡ì wZbwU gZev`
Ges hyw³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb I LÐb Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| G (1g) L‡Ði g‡a¨ 2wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyZ ZnvivZ
(cweÎZv ce©), wKZveym mvjvZ Aa¨v‡q 186wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 251 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 251
Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 864, g~j¨: 590 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 7wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj mvjv‡Zi evwK
Ask, weZi, RygAv, C`vBb, mdi, hvKvZ I mvI‡gi AšÍM©Z 252 bs †_‡K 808 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 556
Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z nvivKvZ hy³ Aviex Bevi‡Zi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 664, g~j¨: 650 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 5wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj nv¾, Rvbvhv, weevn,
`y»cvb I ZvjvK-wjAv‡bi AšÍM©Z 278wU cw‡i‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 809 bs †_‡K 808 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 556 Lvbv
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z nvivKvZ hy³ Aviex Bevi‡Zi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 619, g~j¨: 500 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 2wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj eyq~Ô, I AvnKv‡gi
AšÍM©Z 119wU cwi‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 252 bs †_‡K 808 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 556 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z
nvivKvZ hy³ Aviex Bevi‡Zi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 500, g~j¨: 450 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 12wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZvey` w`qvZ, û`y`,
mvq`, dv`jyj wRnv` I wjev‡mi AšÍM©Z 248wU cwi‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ 252 bs †_‡K 808 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 556
Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z nvivKvZ hy³ Aviex Bevi‡Zi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
36. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: wbqvgyj gybÔBg ki‡n gymwjg
MÖš’Kvi I Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avng`, cÖKvk Kvj: Zv we, c„ôv msL¨v: 487, g~j¨: 480 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
172
ch©v‡jvPbv: Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix Avb-wbkvcyix (in.) msKwjZ mnxn gymwjg
Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ Òwbqvgyj gybÔBg ki‡n gymwjgÓ gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avng` KZ©…K D`~© fvlvq iwPZ I evsjvq
Ab~w`Z| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 1wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj Cgvb (wek¦vm msµvšÍ ce©) Gi AšÍM©Z 88wU cwi‡”Q‡ì
g‡a¨ 01 bs †_‡K 426 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 426 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU‡Z Cgvb msµvšÍ Av‡jvPbv
Z_v ZvInx`, wimvjvZ,AvwLivZ, wkiK, wbdvK, ‡PvMjLyix, MxeZ, AvZ¥nZ¨v, wg_¨v, wg_¨v kc_, wgivR,
`v¾vj, BqvRyR-gvRyR BZ¨vw` wel‡qi cvkvcvwk Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebx, mnxn gymwj‡gi wewfbœ •ewkó¨mn
G MÖš’ msKj‡bi BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G hver GK LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi
ZvLixR D‡jøL K‡i I cÖ‡qvRbxq kã we‡køl‡Yi c‡i Zvi e¨vL¨v cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| G Qvov niKZhy³ g~j
BeviZ D×…Z K‡i PwjZ evsjvq mnR-mij Abyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
37. g~j MÖš’: kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx
MÖš’Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvndzRyi ingvb wmwÏKx, cÖKvkKvj:
Zv.we, c„ôv msL¨v: 296wU, g~j¨: 350 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv KyZze Lvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ wcÖq bex gynv¤§`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi MVb-cÖK…wZ, AvKvi-AvK…wZ,
eënvh© Avmeve cÎ cÖm‡½ 56wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 397 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 397 Lvbv nv`xm
g~j BeviZmn PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z Bgvg wZiwghxi (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx
Av‡jvPbv Kivi cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi `y‡e©va¨ kãvejxi ZvnKxK, e¨vL¨v mvejxj I cÖvÄj fvlvq PwjZ
ixwZ‡Z Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G‡Z ivm~j (mv.) Gi Aeqe, †Kk †gveviK, †gvn‡i beyIqvZ,
†Lhve e¨venvi, myigv e¨venvi, †cvkvK-cwi‡”Q`, Rxeb-RxweKv, cv`yKv, AvswU, †j․n-eg©, cvMwo, jyw½,
Avnvi c×wZ, evPbfw½ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| kvgv‡qj wZiwghx GgbB GKwU nv`xm MÖš’
hv cv‡V, cvVK ü`‡q wcÖq bex‡K (mv.) Kíbv RM‡Z wkíxi Zzwji AvP‡i g~Z© Qwe AvuK‡Z DcvË †hvMvq|
2010-2021 (eZ©gvb) ch©šÍ iwPZ nv`xm MÖšv’ ejx: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. MÖ‡š’i bvg: G‡mv nv`xm cwo Rxeb Mwo
MÖš’Kvi: LvBiæj evkvi, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb 2010 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 15, g~j¨: 20 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: bvw`qvZyj
KziAvb cÖKvkbx, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| G‡Z my›ìfv‡e gvbe Rxeb MV‡b mnvqK Ggb PwjøkwU nv`xm PwjZ
evsjvq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
2.MÖ‡š’i bvg: welq wfwËK nv`x‡m ivm~j mv.
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv`, cÖKvk Kvj: 1g cÖKvk †deªæ- 2007, 8g ms¯‥iY AvMó 2014
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 416, g~j¨: 300 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G‡Z nv`xm-Gi cwiPq, Drm, cwifvlv, nv`xm cixÿvi gvcKvwV, nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †kªYx wefvM,
cÖwm× KwZcq nv`xm MÖš’, nv`xm I mvnvexM‡Yi msL¨v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU g~jZ: wmnvn
wmËvn Gi nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K msKwjZ welq wfwËK nv`xm msKjb| G‡Z 11wU g~j wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ
Aby‡”Q‡` mb` I g~j nv`xm wenxb ïay PwjZ evsjvq welq wfwËK nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi
eywbqv`, Avjøvni cwiPq, cweÎZv, mvjvZ, mvIg, n¾, weevn I wewea welq BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| †hgb- Ònv`xm: nhiZ Avey †nvivqiv (iv) n‡Z ewY©Z, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Ø‡›Øi g›` Z¨vM
Ki; †Kbbv GUv aŸsm K‡i| (wZiwghx, c„.416 )Ó
3. MÖ‡š’i bvg: bvgvh welqK Pwjøk nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb Kv‡mgx, cÖKvk Kvj: b‡f¤î-2012 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 94, g~j¨: 100
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZyj Avhnvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
173
ch©v‡jvPbv: gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx G MÖ‡š’ bvgvh m¤úwK©Z wcÖqbex ivm~‡j Avivex (mv.) Gi cweÎ Revb wbm„Z
PwjøkwU nv`xm wba©vwiZ wk‡ivbv‡gi gva¨‡g D×„Z K‡i AZ¨šÍ my›ìfv‡e PwjZ evsjvq Gi e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡-Zvrch© I gvmAvjv-gvmvBj wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| mswÿß cwim‡i Gi
gva¨‡g GKw`‡K Pwjøk nv`xm Rvbvi Avgj nq, Avevi mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡, Zvrch© I gvmvBj RvbviI
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv c~iY nq| G‡Z msKwjZ nv`xm¸‡jv mnxn wKsev nvmvb ch©v‡qi; Z‡e †Kvb hCd nv`xm
GLv‡b ¯’vb †Ìqv nqwb| G Qvov g~j wKZv‡ei D×„wZ Qvov †Kvb nv`xm †Pv‡L c‡owb|
4. MÖ‡š’i bvg: ü`q Mjv‡bv Pwjøk nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb Kv‡mgx, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤¢i 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 94, g~j¨: 100
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZyj Avhnvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ü`q gvby‡li me‡P‡q †ekx ¯úk©KvZi RvqMv| wcÖqbex (mv.) Gi Ggb wKQz ü`q‡Qvuqv evYx
i‡q‡Q nv`xmwekvi`MY Zv‡ì msKwjZ wKZv‡e ÒwKZveyi wiKvKÓ ev gg©®úk©x Aa¨vq bv‡g ‡m nv`xmmg~n
msKjb K‡i‡Qb| gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx G MÖ‡š’ ü`q Mjv‡bv m¤úwK©Z wcÖqbex ivm~‡j Avivex (mv.) Gi cweÎ
Revb wbm„Z PwjøkwU nv`xm wba©vwiZ wk‡ivbv‡gi gva¨‡g D×„Z K‡i AZ¨šÍ my›ìfv‡e PwjZ evsjvq Gi
e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g `xb Bmjv‡gi gg©¯úk©x wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z msKwjZ nv`xm¸‡jv
mnxn wKsev nvmvb ch©v‡qi; Z‡e †Kvb hCd nv`xm GLv‡b ¯’vb †Ìqv nqwb| G Qvov g~j wKZv‡ei D×„wZ
Qvov †Kvb nv`xm †Pv‡L c‡owb|
5.MÖ‡š’i bvg: mnxn nv`xm Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb I Ab¨vb¨, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤î 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 428, (LÐ: 1g),
cÖKvk¯’vb: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv evBZzb byi, DËi-cwðg hvÎvevwo, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: mnxn nv`xm Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm MÖš’wU Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv evBZzb byi, DËi-cwðg hvÎvevwo,
XvKvi 1434-35 wn. wkÿv e‡l©i ZvKgxj I BdZv wefv‡Mi we`vqx wkÿv_x©‡ì D‡`¨v‡M iwPZ Ges D³
gvìvmv KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ 3 L‡Ð M‡elYv g~jK GKwU ¯§viK MÖš’| eZ©gvb mg‡qi Av‡jvwPZ KZ¸‡jv Bmyï
Dci wfwË K‡i MÖš’wU iwPZ; hv eB Gi D³ wk‡ivbvg †_‡K Abyaveb Kiv hvq| mg‡qi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K
gvhnve we‡Ølx Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm‡ì mnxn nv`x‡mi AšÍiv‡j Zv‡ì gZev` cÖPv‡ii cÖqv‡mi wecix‡Z
nvbvdx gvhnveI †h, Avgj‡hvM¨ mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ Zv cÖgvY Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G
L‡Ði g‡a¨ gvhnv‡ei wfbœZv I ZvKjx‡ì nvKxKZ, ZvKjx‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, gvhnve gvbvi Acwinvh©Zv,
nv`x‡mi BgvgM‡Yi gv‡S Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi Ae¯’vb, Bmjvgx AvBb I nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Drm, jv-
gvhnvex‡ì Avw` K_v I Dcgnv‡`‡k Zv‡ì †hvMm~Î, mvjvZ wehqK c‡biwU gZ‡f`c~Y© gvmAvjv Z_v
mybœvZ c×wZ‡Z Avhvb I BKvgvZ, mvjv‡Z `vo‡bvi c×wZ, mvjv‡Z nvZ evav, Bgv‡gi †cQ‡b m~iv dvwZnv
cov, dvwZnvi c‡i Avgxb ejv, ivdDj Bqv`vBb, ivKvAvZ cvIqv, Zvivexn ivKAvZ msL¨v, weZi
mvjv‡Z ivKAvZ msL¨v, C‡ì mvjv‡Z AwZwi³ ZvKexi msL¨v, Rvbvhv mvjv‡Z m~iv dvwZnv cvV BZ¨vw`
mn Av‡iv wKQz welq cÖm‡½ jv-gvhnvex Z_v Avn‡j nv`xm Ges gvhnvecš’x we‡klZ nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei
nv`xm wfwËK `wjjcÖgvY I hyw³ZK© Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU gvmAvjvq Avn‡j nv`x‡mi
Dc¯’vwcZ nv`x‡mi `jxj LÐb Kivi cvkvcvwk nvbvdx gvhnve †h, Avgj‡hvM¨ mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci
cÖwZwôZ G K_v cÖgvY Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv Pvj‡bv n‡q‡Q|
6. MÖ‡š’i bvg: mnxn nv`xm Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb I Ab¨vb¨, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤î 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 428, (LÐ: 2q),
ch©v‡jvPbv: G (2q) L‡Ði g‡a¨ gvhnv‡ei D™¢e I µgweKvk, mnxn nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K k‡e eivZ cÖm½,
mnxn nv`xm n‡jB Avgvi gvhnve- K_v mZ¨ gZje Lvivc, GKB w`‡b mviv we‡k¦ †ivhv I C` cÖm½,
dR‡ii mvjv‡Zi Iqv³, mvjv‡gi ci mvû wmR`v, `yÔAvq Iwmjv MÖnY wkiK, gwnjv‡ì RvgvÔAv‡Z
174
AskMÖnY cÖm½, knx`‡ì Rvbvhv cÖm½, mnxn nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Cmv‡j mvIqve, myewn mvw`‡Ki ci
†ivhvi wbq¨vZ, ivm~j I g„Z e¨w³i cÿ †_‡K KzieYx, ZvmvIDd, Kvkd-KvivgvZ, Uzwc-cvMox, ZvweR-
KeP, `vwo, `yÔnv‡Z gymvdvnv BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Avn‡j nv`xm Ges gvhnvecš’x we‡klZ nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei
nv`xm wfwËK `wjjcÖgvY I hyw³ZK© Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU gvmAvjvq Avn‡j nv`x‡mi
Dc¯’vwcZ nv`x‡mi `jxj LÐb Kivi cvkvcvwk nvbvdx gvhnve †h, Avgj‡hvM¨ mnxn nv`x‡mi Dci
cÖwZwôZ G K_v cÖgvY Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv Pvj‡bv n‡q‡Q|
7. MÖ‡š’i bvg: mnxn nv`xm Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb I Ab¨vb¨, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤¦i 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 428, (LÐ: 3q),
ch©v‡jvPbv: G (3q) L‡Ði g‡a¨ Avn‡j nv`x‡mi weåvwšÍ, Wv. RvwKi bv‡q‡Ki ¯îƒc mÜv‡b wk‡ivbv‡gi
Aaxb 43wU Dc-wk‡ivbv‡g Zvi weZwK©Z e³e¨ LÐb, Avn‡j nv`x‡mi wKQy AvwK`vn, mybœvZ m¤§Z †cvkvK,
mvnvevM‡Yi mgv‡jvPbv, Avnjym&mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvAv‡Zi mswÿß cwiPq, AvKvB` m¤úwK©Z wKQz K_v Z_v
Avjøvn wbivKvi, wZwb me©Î weivRgvb, In`vZzj IRy`, nvqvZzbbex, KzZz‡e Avnbv‡di Dci AvcwË I Zvi
Reve Ges bvgv‡hi wKQz LyywUbvwU BLwZjvdx wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8. MÖ‡š’i bvg: bexRx `. Gi mybœvZ
MÖš’Kvi: gydwZ gvIjvbv gbm~iæj nK, cÖKvk Kvj: wW‡m¤¦i 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 96, 8g ms¯‥iY,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Kv‡mwgqv jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G‡Z •`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avjøvn cÖ`Ë KiYxq KZ©e¨¸‡jv
Z_v Ihy, †Mvmj, Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ, mvIg BZ¨vwì wel‡q ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mybœvZ †gvZv‡eK cvjb
Kivi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ D×…Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi m~Î D‡jøLc~e©K
PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
9. MÖ‡š’i bvg: nv`x‡m ivm~j mv.
MÖš’Kvi: gydwZ gvIjvbv gbm~iyj nK, cÖKvk Kvj: ‡deªæqvix 2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 127, g~j¨: 150
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZzj Avkivd, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G MÖš’wU msKj‡b mswkøó wk‡ivbv‡gi
Aaxb GZ`& msµvšÍ kw³kvjx I my¯úó nv`xmLvbv cÖ_‡g Aviex BeviZ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_
nv`xm Lvbv †h MÖš’ †_‡K D×…Z n‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci mswkøó nv`x‡mi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z
e½vbyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm Lvbv mnxnvBb Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb MÖš’ †_‡K PwqZ n‡j Zvi gvb wbY©‡qi Rb¨
mb` I gZb wb‡q mswÿßvKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10. MÖ‡š’i bvg: mybvb Av`-`viv KzZbx
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avjx Beb Dgvi Av`-`vivKzZbx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv ‡gvt Aveyj Kvjvg, cÖKvk¯’vb :
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 591, g~j¨: 668UvKv| Bgvg Av`-
`vivKzZbx (in.) nv`xm kv‡¯¿i ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK AMÖwZi †ÿ‡Î AMÖYx f~wgKv iv‡Lb| Zvi nv`xm welqK
iPbvejxi g‡a¨ D³ ÔmybvbÕ MÖš’wU me©vwaK cÖwm×| GwU Pvi L‡Ð •eiƒZ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| MÖš’Lvwb cv‡V
Ggb A‡bK nv`xm m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv hvq, hv wmnvn wmËvn Gi g‡a¨ †bB| G MÖš’Kvi kvwdC
gZvej¤^x| G MÖ‡š’ Zvi wbR gvhnv‡ei cÖvavb¨ †c‡jI wfbœ gvhnv‡ei AbyK~j nv`xmI Zvi MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb
w`‡q‡Qb| G hver BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k gvÎ Gi 1LÐ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| G L‡Ð wKZveyZ Zvnviv‡Z
69wU, nv‡q‡h 5wU, mvjv‡Z 85wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z †gvU 1544wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q|
11. MÖ‡š’i bvg: `vimyj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: W. †gvnv¤§` kwdDj Avjg f~Bqv, cÖKvk Kvj: b‡f¤î 2015 wLª.,c„ôv msL¨v: 137, 1g LÐ,
g~j¨: 150UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KvUveb, XvKv| G MÖš’wU‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi mij
Abyev‡ì ci nv`xm eY©bv KvixM‡Yi mswÿß Rxebx Ges nv`x‡mi welqe¯‘, e¨vL¨v I cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv
175
†k‡l wkÿYxq welq¸‡jv Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hme nv`xm GKvwaK m~‡Î ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv‡K
cÖ_gZ: mnxnvBb (eyLvix-gymwjg) A_ev Ab¨‡Kvb mnxn MÖš’ Ges mybvb MÖš’ †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
12. MÖ‡š’i bvg: eënvwiK Rxe‡b nhiZ ivm~jyjøvn `. Gi evYx
MÖš’Kvi: W. †gv: Beªvwng Ljxj, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb, 2015 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 94, g~j¨: 400, cÖKvk¯’vb:
‡gwiU †dqvi, 12 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G eBwU g~jZ: RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwVZ nv`x‡mi wm‡jev‡mi
Av‡jv‡K iwPZ I web¨¯Í GKwU nv`xm MÖš’| G‡Z eënvwiK Rxe‡b gvbe PwiÎ‡K c~Y©v½iƒ‡c mvwR‡q
†Zvjvi cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv nv`xm wfwËK dzwU‡q †Zvjv n‡q‡Q|
13. MÖ‡š’i bvg: gvDhyÔ nv`xm ev cÖPwjZ Rvj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: W. gynv¤§` gvbRyiæi ingvb, cÖKvk Kvj: 2015 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 172, g~j¨: 200 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| G MÖš’wU ÒgvDhyÔ nv`xm ev cÖPwjZ Rvj nv`xmÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g 5wU Aa¨v‡q mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ gvIhyÔ k‡ãi cwiwPwZ, Rvj nv`xm me©v¯’vq wbwl×, Rvj
nv`xm wbe©vPb, Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iva I cÖPwjZ 172wU Rvj nv`xm Aa¨vq wk‡ivbv‡gi Av‡jv‡K welq wfwËK
nv`xm Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©mvaviY‡K m‡PZb Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mswÿß cwim‡i M‡elYvagx© G MÖš’wU‡Z
eZ©gvb mgv‡R cÖPwjZ †ekwKQz (172wU) wg_¨v ev‡bvqvU nv`xm D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
14. MÖ‡š’i bvg: ‣`bw›`b Rxe‡b cvjbxq ivm~j mv. Gi mybœvZmg~n
MÖš’Kvi: ‡gv. †gv¯Ídv Rvgvb, cÖKvk Kvj: A‡±vei, 2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 80, cÖKvk¯’vb: `viæbœvRvZ
cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G MÖ‡š’ gvby‡li •`bw›`b Rxe‡b Avjøvn cÖ`Ë, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) cÖ`wk©Z
cvjbxq mybœvZmg~n Z_v Nyg †_‡K †R‡M Avevi Nygv‡bv ch©šÍ hveZx KvR-Kg©, †jb‡`b, AvPvi-eënvi,
DVvemvmn GK K_vq Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mybœvZ †gvZv‡eK cwiPvjbv Kivi Dcvq
m¤ú‡K© nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
15. g~j MÖš’: wdKûm mybvwb Iqvj AvQvi(`yB LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gydZx mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.), cÖKvk¯’vb: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k|
nv`xmwfwËK wdKn msKjb ÔwdKûm mybvwb Iqvj AvQviÕ MÖš’wU `yB L‡Ð PwjZ ixwZi cÖvÄj evsjvq
Abyev`Kg© m¤úv`b Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z MÖš’Kvi †Kvb e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY bv Ki‡jI Abyev`K mswkøó nv`x‡mi
cÖ‡qvRb †gvZv‡eK †Kv_vI e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| g~jZ G MÖš’wU nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei wdKnx `jx‡ji Ab¨Zg
nv`xm wfwËK cÖgvY|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`: W. †Lv›`Kvi Av.b.g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi, cÖKvkKvj: A‡±vei-2010wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 564,
g~j¨: 160UvKv| G L‡Ð 6wU Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ 1g Aa¨v‡q mvgwMÖK g~jbxwZ-35wU, 2q Aa¨v‡q ZvnvivZ-103wU,
3q Aa¨v‡q mvjvZ-343wU, 4_© Aa¨v‡q hvKvZ-40wU, 5g Aa¨v‡q wmqvg-64wU Ges 6ô Aa¨v‡q nv¾-101wU
wel‡qi †gvU 1537wU niKZhy³ (Aviex) nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`: W. †Lv›`Kvi Av.b.g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi, cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2010wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
476, g~j¨: 135UvKv| G L‡Ð gyÔAvgvjv‡Zi bvbv w`K m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ wel‡q weevn Aa¨vq †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
Bnmvb ce© ch©šÍ †gvU 39wU Aa¨v‡q †gvU (1490-2622)= 1122wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
16.g~j MÖš’: nv`x‡m Kz`mx
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynvg¥` gv`vbx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvmyg wejøvn, cÖKvkKvj: ‡g 2010 wLª.,
ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 288, g~j¨: 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
eÿ¨gvY MÖš’wUi cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡m Kz`mxi cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci ZvInx`, wkiK, ZvK`xi,
whKi, Avjøvni ingZ-ÿgv AR©‡b n¾, `wi`ª gymwj‡gi gh©v`v I Ab¨b¨ welq cÖm‡½ 40wU Aa¨v‡q 114wU
nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj fvlvq Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi †Kvb e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb Kiv nqwb|
176
17. g~j MÖš’: Avjwdq¨vZzj nv`xm

MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gvbhyi †bvgvbx (in.),Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avnmvb Bwjqvm, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
RyjvB,2010wLª., 13g cÖKvk-2019wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 455, g~j¨: 520UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Bmjvwgqv cÖKvkbx,
evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| eZ©gvb wKZv‡ei bv‡gB †evS hvq, ÒAvjwdq¨vZzj nv`xmÓ ev mn¯ª nv`xm Gi
wbe©vwPZ msKjb| G MÖ‡š’ welq wfwËK Cgvb, Bmjvg, ZvInx`, wkiK, Kei, wKqvgZ, cweÎZv, bvgvh,
†ivhv, n¾, AvLjvK ev PwiÎ, `yAv BZ¨vw` 26wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb (1-1000)=1000 Lvbv nv`xm niKZhy³
Aviex g~j BeviZ D‡jøLc~e©K PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv nqwb; Z‡e
Abyev‡ì †k‡l nv`x‡mi g~j MÖ‡š’i m~Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| eBwUi welqe¯‘ I web¨vmixwZ AwZ PgrKvi|
18. g~j MÖš’: iv‡n Avgj
MÖš’Kvi: gIjvbv Rwjj Avnmvb b`fx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb-2010, PZz_©
ms¯‥iY, c„ôv msL¨v: 163, g~j¨: 120 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: g°v cvewj‡KkÝ, 38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-
1100| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wbq¨v‡Zi weï×Zv, Bev`Z, BgvgwZ, hvKvZ, Q`vKvn wdZiv, Iki, †ivhv, n¾,
gyAvÔgvjvZ, A‣ea IwmqvZ, my`-Nyl, mvgvwRK weavb, †`b‡gvni, wcZv-gvZv I AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi AwaKvi
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 22wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 206wU nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU g~jZ: gvbe PwiÎ ms‡kvab I DrKl© mva‡bi wbwgË cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: RyjvB-2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨: 212, g~j¨: 150 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: g°v cvewj‡KkÝ,
38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G L‡Ð gymjgvb‡ì wbKU gymjgvb‡ì AwaKvi, PvwiwÎK ÎæwUmg~n,
•bwZK m`¸Yvejx, `vIqvZ I ZvejxM, msMVb, ZIev I BmwZMdvi, gvbe‡cÖg, AvZ¥ïw× I
cÖwkÿ‡Yicš’v, KziAvb Aa¨qb, bdj I Zvnv¾y`, whKi I `ÔyAv, wkÿY c×wZ, gvby‡li cÖwZ `qv, `xb
cÖwZôvi AwMœcixÿv I Avmnv‡e ivm~‡ji Rxebaviv BZ¨vw` wel‡q 15wU Aa¨v‡q 207 bs †_‡K 440 bs
ch©šÍ †gvU 233wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
17.g~j MÖš’: ¯^fve m¤ú‡K© Pwjøk nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv †g‡nievb Avjx eoZzfx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj nvjxg, cÖKvkKvj: ‡deªæqvix
2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 43, cÖKvk¯’vb : Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv| Ô¯^fve m¤ú‡K© Pwjøk
nv`xmÕ MÖ‡š’ gvby‡li ¯^fve m¤ú‡K© PwjøkwU nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cyw¯ÍKvq DwjøwLZ nv`xmmg~n
cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’ wgkKvZzj gvmvexn †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm Pq‡bi †ÿ‡Î kixÔAvZ I ZvmvDd
welqK nv`xm wbev©Pb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î gvÔwidzj nv`x‡mi mnvqZv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU
2wU Aa¨v‡qi wef³ K‡i PwjZ evsjv ixwZ‡Z Abyev` I e¨vL¨v mshy³ n‡q‡Q|
18. g~j MÖš’: wZiwghx kixd (Qvbx)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv dviæK Avng`,
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-AvMó, 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 479 (1g LÐ), g~j¨: 450 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb:
Bmjvwgqv KzZzeLvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ÔwZiwghx kixdÕ nv`x‡mi MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ DcKvi MÖn‡Yi w`K w`‡q AMÖMY¨| Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU
gvIjvbv dviæK Avng` KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges Bmjvwgqv KzZzeLvbv, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K
cÖ_g LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 9wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj AvZBgvn-46wU, Avkwievn-21wU, dviv‡qR-
23wU, wZeŸ-33wU, weiwi Iqvm wmjvn-86wU, wdZvb-34wU, Kì-16wU, wnevn-7wU Ges Iwmqv Aa¨v‡q
8wU A_©vr †gvU 274wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z †gvU 479 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU Abyev‡ì
†ÿ‡Î fvlvMZ `y‡e©va¨Zv cwinvi K‡i mvejxj PwjZ ixwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ Bj‡g
nv`x‡mi KwZcq cwifvlv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wZiwghx kix‡d eëüZ we‡kl wKQz
cwifvlv we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g MÖš’wU‡K we‡klfv‡e •ewkó¨gwÐZ K‡i‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg wZiwghxi mswÿß
Rxebx D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
177
19. g~j MÖš’: Avjwdq¨vZzj nv`xm

MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gvbhyi †bvgvbx (in.), Abyev`K: gydwZ Igi dviæK nvexwe, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-
wW‡m¤î, 2013 wLª., 4_© cÖKvk-2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 639, g~j¨: 400 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: AvkÖvwdqv eyK
nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU ÒAvjwdq¨vZzj nv`xmÓ ev mn¯ª nv`xm Gi wbe©vwPZ msKjb| G‡Z welq wfwËK
Cgvb I Bmjvg, Kei, wKqvgZ, AvwLivZ, cweÎZv, bvgvh, †ivhv, n¾, weevn, AvLjvK ev PwiÎ I `yAv
BZ¨vw` 26wU Aa¨v‡qi Aaxb (1-1000)=1000 Lvbv nv`xm niKZhy³ Aviex fvl¨ D‡jøLc~e©K PwjZ
evsjvq Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, cÖvmw½K cÖkvœ ewj I DËi, ZvnKxK I
ivex cwiwPwZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| eBwUi welqe¯‘ I web¨vmixwZ wPËvKl©K|
20. g~j MÖš’: welq wfwËK nv`x‡m Kz`mx mgMÖ
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL bvwmi DwÏb Avjevbx (in.), Abyev`K: gynv¤§` Avãyj ReŸvi, cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î-2014,
c„ôv msL¨v: 218, g~j¨: 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: `viæm mvjvg evsjv‡`k, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| G MÖ‡š’ welq
wfwËK Cgvb, ZvInx`, wkiK, Kzdi, Avjøvni †kªôZ¡, bvgvh, †ivhv, AvivdvZ wè‡mi dwhjZ, bex-im~j,
wd‡ikZv, ZvKIqv, ZvK`xi, ZvIev, ÿgv, `qv, `vb, m`vKvn, kÖg I kÖwgK, AvZ¥xqZvi eÜb, KziAv‡bi
†kÖôZ¡, mvjvg, whKi, `yÔAv BZ¨vw` wel‡qi 24wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í K‡i nv`xm¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Rwjj Avnmvb b`fx, Abyev`K: Avãyjøvn BDmydx Gg.Gg, cÖKvkKvj: GwcÖj-2014 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 216, g~j¨: 180UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-wnkvg cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨
wbq¨v‡Zi weï×Zv, Bev`Z, BgvgwZ, hvKvZ, Q`vKvn wdZiv, Iki, †ivhv, n¾, gyAvÔgvjvZ, A‣ea
IwmqvZ, my`-Nyl, mvgvwRK weavb, †`b‡gvni, wcZv-gvZv I AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi AwaKvi BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 22wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 206wU nv`xm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU
g~jZ: gvbe PwiÎ ms‡kvab I DrKl© mva‡bi wbwgË cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: GwcÖj-2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 216, g~j¨: 180 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-wnkvg
cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| G L‡Ð gymjgvb‡ì wbKU gymjgvb‡ì AwaKvi, PvwiwÎK ÎæwUmg~n, •bwZK
m`¸Yvejx, `vIqvZ I ZvejxM, msMVb, ZIev I BmwZMdvi, gvbe‡cÖg, AvZ¥ïw× I cÖwkÿ‡Yi cš’v, KziAvb
Aa¨qb, bdj I Zvnv¾y`, whKi I `yÔAv, wkÿY c×wZ, gvby‡li cÖwZ `qv, `xb cÖwZôvi AwMœcixÿv I Avmnv‡e
ivm~‡ji Rxebaviv BZ¨vw` wel‡q 15wU Aa¨v‡q 207bs †_‡K 440bs ch©šÍ †gvU 233wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
22. g~j MÖš’: Kvmvmyj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv BKevj, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kwdKzj Bmjvg, cÖKvkKvj: gvP©,
2014 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 364, g~j¨: 190 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv| G MÖ‡š’
Avw¤^qv wKiv‡gi Cgvb `„ß NUbvejx, we‡klZ: mv‡jn (Av.) Gi Dóªx nZ¨vi NUbv, gymv (Av.) I gvjvKzj
gvD‡Zi Kvwnbx, Mv‡qex wih‡Ki eë¯’v, Bbmvdc~Y© wePvi, Cgvb I BqvKxb e„w×i NUbv, ewbBmivC‡ji
Aeva¨Zv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
23. g~j MÖš’: nv`x‡m Kz`mx
MÖš’Kvi: gynvg¥` AvIqvgv, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hyev‡qi, cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î 2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v:
136, g~j¨: 100 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv|
G MÖ‡š’ gynv¤§` AvIqvgv KZ©„K iwPZ Ôwgb wmnvnxwnj Avnv`xwmj Kz`mxqvnÕ nv`xm MÖš’ Aej¤^‡b Ônv`x‡m
Kz`mxÕ wk‡ivbv‡g gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hyev‡qi KZ©„K evsjv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î
g~j MÖš’Kv‡ii AbymiY Kiv nqwb; eis Abyev`K Zvi mswÿß e¨vL¨v evsjvfvlx mvaviY wkwÿZ RbM‡Yi
Pvwn`v I Zv‡ì Dc‡hvwMZvi w`‡K we‡ePbv K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| G MÖš’wU 18wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í K‡i
nv`xm¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
178
24.g~j MÖš’: nv`x‡m Avievqxb

MÖš’Kvi: kvqL ZvKxDÏxb Beb `vKxK (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dix`cyix, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb
2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 64, g~j¨: 50 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, PKevRvi, XvKv| G MÖš’wU‡Z
ivm~j (mv.) Gi cweÎ gyL wb:m„Z 40wU nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v wb‡P wUKv AvKv‡i
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡`kvejx Avjv`v K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i †ekxi fvM
nv`xm eyLvix-gymwjg kixd †_‡K Pqb K…Z|
25.g~j MÖš’: ‡QvU‡ì mnxn nv`xm wkÿv I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL gwnDÏxb gynvg¥` AvIqvgv, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †n`v‡qZyjøvn, cÖKvkKvj: GwcÖj, 2015
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 181, g~j¨: 170 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZzj Avkivd, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G MÖ‡š’i
ïiy‡Z g~j MÖš’vKvi kvqL gwnDÏxb gynvg¥` AvIqvgvi f~wgKvi ûeû e½vbyev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 300wU
nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| nv`xm¸‡jv AvKv‡i †QvU, nvivKvZ hy³ Aviex Bevi‡Z, mnR- mvejxj fvlvq Ab~w`Z
n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i nv`xm¸‡jv mnxn I nvmvb ch©vqf~³|
26. g~j MÖš’: gyËvdvKzb AvjvBwn wdgv BËvdvKv AvjvBwnk kvqLvBb
MÖš’Kvi: gynvw°K kvqL dyqv` Avãyj` evKx, Abyev`K: Avngv` kvgm †gvnv¤§` Avãyj KvBqyg, cÖKvkKvj:
b‡f¤î-2015 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v: 920, g~j¨: 1080 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ÔgyËvdvKzb AvjvBwn wdgv BËvdvKv AvjvBwnk kvqLvBbÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU Ôgynvw°K kvqL dyqv`
Avãyj` evKxÕ KZ©„K Aviex fvlvq cÖYxZ msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’wU gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K GK
L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU g~jZ Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg KZ©„K msKwjZ eyLvix I gymwjg kix‡di
H mKj nv`x‡mi msKjb; †h nv`x‡mi weï×Zvi e¨vc‡i Dfq Bgvg HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z †gvU
1906 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU g~j MÖ‡š’i Abymi‡Y mnR-mij PwjZ fvlvq Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Dc¯’vwcZ nv`xmmg~n me©vwaK weï× I MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi e¨vcv‡i mKj D¤§vn HKgZ¨|
27. g~j MÖš’: wKZveyj AvQvi
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avhg Ave~ nvwbdv(in.), Abyev`gÐjx: `vIiv nv`xm mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, cÖKvk¯’vb:
gvKZvevZzm mvdv, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj: 2016wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 293, g~j¨: 450UvKv| G MÖš’wU g~jZ gvwjevM
Rvwgqv kviCqv Gi 2016 mv‡ji `vIiv nv`xm mgvcbx QvÎe„›` KZ©„K Ab~w`Z I gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn
BqvnBqv (in.) KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z nv`xm kv‡¯¿i GKwU cÖvPxbZg cÖwm× MÖš’| Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdv (in.)
`xN© 20 eQi 40 nvRvi nv`xm M‡elYv I wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g G MÖš’Lvbv msKjb K‡ib| wewaweavb
m¤úwK©Z myweb¨¯Í GwUB mnxn nv`x‡mi me©cÖ_g msKjb| G‡Z cÖ_‡g Bgvg Avhg Avey nvbxdvi (in.)
mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I Bjgyj nv`x‡m Zvi Ae¯’vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZci ÔAhyÕ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
Ôh‡enÕ Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 41wU Aa¨v‡q (01-1067)=1067wU nv`x‡mi niKZhy³ g~j nv`xm wj‡L wb‡P
PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
28. g~j MÖš’: eyjy¸j gvivg (D‡Ïk¨ nvwmj gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq nv`xm)
MÖš’Kvi: nvwdR Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv ivqnvb web gvngy`, cÖKvkKvj:
A‡±vei 2014, ms¯‥iY: 2q, †g 2017, c„ôv msL¨v: 592, g~j¨: 480 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm,
evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 16wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ, wKZveym mvjvZ, wKZveyj Rvbv‡qh,
wKZveym mvIg, wKZveyj eyqyÔ BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU 1597 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’i
cÖ‡Z¨KwU nv`xm eY©bvi ci ciB Zvi msKjK gynvwÏmM‡Yi bvg ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i m~Pbv
c‡e© Bj‡g nv`x‡mi cwifvlv, cwiwPwZ I gvbwbY©q Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov cÖwZwU
nv`x‡mi Aviex kã †f‡½ †f‡½ AvwfavwbK A_© we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi mij Abyev‡ì †k‡l GwU
Ab¨ †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ D×„Z n‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
179
29. g~j MÖš’: gyqvËv Bgvg gv‡jK (in.)

MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gv‡jK (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2017, c„ôv msL¨v: 1003
(mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 850UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Bgvg gv‡jK (in.) KZ©„K msKwjZ ÔgyqvËv Bgvg gv‡jK (in.)Õ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv
AvwRRyj nK KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z MÖš’wU gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ GK‡Î
2017 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 61wU Aa¨vq Z_v cweÎZv, bvgv‡hi mgq, ighv‡bi bvgvh,
iv‡Zi bdj bvgvh, RvgAvÔ‡Z bvgvh, md‡ii bvgvh, `yB C‡ì bvgvh, fq Kvjxb bvgvh, e„wó cÖv_©bvi
mvjvZ, KziAvb, RvbvBR, hvKvZ BZ¨vw` wewfbœ wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU (1-882)=882 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| G‡Z mb`hy³ g~j nv`xm D×…Z K‡i Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î ïay ivexi bvg D‡jøL K‡i PwjZ evsjvq
Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30. g~j MÖš’: mybv‡b bvmvC kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avwãi ingvb Avngv` Beb †kvqvBe Avb-bvmvC (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avey
bv‡mi gynv¤§` Gg`v` Djøvn, cÖKvkKvj: AvM÷-2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1096 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨:
850 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Bgvg bvmvC (in.) KZ©„K msKwjZ Ômybv‡b bvmvCÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gvIjvbv Avey bv‡Qi gynv¤§`
Gg`v` Djøvn KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ GK‡Î
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z Bj‡g nv`x‡mi ch©v‡jvPbv I Bgvg bvmvCi Rxebx wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz GwU GKwU mybvb MÖš’ hv wdKnx avivevwnKZvq Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q` mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †hgb
wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ w`‡q MÖš’wU ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, gvbvwmK BZ¨vw` †gvU
48wU Aa¨v‡q myweb¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †gvU 5761 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi
mb‡ì ïiæ I †k‡li ivexi bvg D‡jøLc~e©K PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| my›ì web¨vm I PgrKvi
Dc¯’vcbv MÖš’wU‡K K‡i‡Q mylgv gwÐZ|
31. g~j MÖš’: wZiwghx kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvhnviæj
Bmjvg, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2010mvj, RyjvB, 2018wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1080 (1g-6ô LÐ GK‡Î),
g~j¨: 850 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ÔwZiwghx kixdÕ nv`x‡mi MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ DcKvi MÖn‡Yi w`K w`‡q AMÖMY¨| MÖš’wU gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` gvhnviæj Bmjvg KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges gxbv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj
LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 1g L‡Ð 3wU, 2q L‡Ð 8wU, 3q L‡Ð 8wU, 4_© L‡Ð 11wU, 5g
L‡Ð 6wU I 6ô L‡Ð 2wU †gvU 41wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU 3890 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj wel‡qi nv`xm ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î fvlvMZ
`y‡e©va¨Zv cwinvi K‡i mvejxj PwjZ ixwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ Bj‡g nv`x‡mi KwZcq
cwifvlv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wZiwghx kix‡d eëüZ we‡kl wKQz cwifvlv we‡køl‡Yi
gva¨‡g MÖš’wU‡K we‡klfv‡e •ewkó¨ gwÐZ K‡i‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg wZiwghxi mswÿß Rxebx I nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
32.g~j MÖš’: mnxn e½vbyev` eyLvix kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj eyLvix (in.), Abyev`K: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv
AvwRRyj nK I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` QvjvgvZ Djøvn, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP© 2010 wLª., 2q ms¯‥iY,
gvP© 2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1064 (1-10g LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 1000 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evW© Kw¤úDUvi
GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
180
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i cÖvi‡¤¢ nv`x‡mi cwiwPwZ, BwZK_v, nv`xm msKj‡bi 1g, 2q I 3q hyM wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wmnvn wmËvi mswÿß cwiwPZ, Bgvg eyLvixi Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 76wU Aa¨vq Z_v Iwn, Cgvb, Bjg, Ahy, †Mvmj, nv‡qh, Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ, Avhvb, RygAvÔ, C`,
Rvbvhv, Zvnv¾y` BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z 7063 Lvbv nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
33.g~j MÖš’: gymwjg kixd (e½vbyev`)
MÖš’Kvi: Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix Avb-wbkvcyix (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãym
mvjvg, cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î 2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1080 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 1200 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb : evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: gymwjg kix‡di D³ Abyev` MÖš’wU‡Z †gvU 57wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 7230 Lvbv nv`xm mnR-
mij, cÖvÄj fvlvq PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î Bgvg gymwj‡gi avivevwnKZv iÿv Kiv
n‡q‡Q; GgbwK ZvKivi nv`xm¸‡jvI Gi AšÍ©f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| mb‡ì †kl eY©bvKvixi bvg D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S wKQz wUKv-wUàbxI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
34.g~j MÖš’: wZiwghx kixd (mnxn e½vbyev`)
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg,
cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î, 2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1120 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 900 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evW©
Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: wZiwghx kixd D³ Abyev` MÖš’wU‡Z †gvU 55wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 4354 Lvbv nv`xm mnR-mij,
cÖvÄj fvlvq PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z gvÎ 83 Lvbv nv`xm cyb‡iv³ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi
mb‡ì eY©bvi we‡kølYvZ¥K gšÍe¨ i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU nv`xm eY©bvi †k‡l mswkøó wel‡q wewfbœ Bgv‡gi gZvgZ Ges
Zv‡ì hyw³ cÖgvY D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, ivex‡ì bvg, Dcbvg, Dcvwa BZ¨vw` g~jëvb
Z_¨ Ges Bj‡g nv`x‡mi Ávb jv‡fi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
35.g~j MÖš’: wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (wZb LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: kv‡qL Iqvjx DÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyjøvn LZxe AvZ-Zve‡ihx (in.), Abyev`K: kvqLyj nv`xm
†gvnv¤§` AvwRRyj nK I gvIjvbv mvjvgvZzjøvn, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb, 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 696 cÖ_g LÐ ,
g~j¨: 650 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: wgkKvZzj gvmvwen MÖš’wU g~jZ GKwU msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’| G Abyev` MÖš’wU wZb L‡Ð wef³|
cÖ_g L‡Ði g‡a¨ 6wU Aa¨vq Z_v Cgvb, Bjg, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, Rvbvhv I hvKvZ c‡e©i AšÍM©Z †gvU
1859wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Abyev` MÖš’wU g~j msKj‡bi avivevwnKZv wVK †i‡L web¨vm
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mb‡ì †kl eY©bvKvixi bvg Ges D×„Z nv`xwUi g~j MÖ‡š’i bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
MÖ‡š’i AwaKvsk nv`xm wmnvn wmËvi wKZve †_‡K msKwjZ| G Qvov evqnvKx, gymZvìvK nv‡Kg, gymbv`
Avngv`, kin Qzbœvn, `v‡igx I `viv KzZbx †_‡KI nv`xm Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov gv‡S gv‡S wKQz
cÖ‡qvRbxq wUKv-wUàbxI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Ryb,2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 688,g~j¨: 650 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ
cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 12wU Aa¨vq Z_v †ivhv, KziAv‡bi gwngv, †`vqv,
Avjøvni bvg mg~n, n¾, µq-weµq, weevn, `vmgyw³, wKmvm, `Ðwewa, cÖkvmb I wePvi Ges wRnv` c‡e©i
AšÍM©Z 1860bs †_‡K 3884bs ch©šÍ †gvU 2024 wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 688, g~j¨: 650 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ
cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 08wU Aa¨vq Z_v wkKvi I h‡en, Lv`¨, †cvkvK-
cwi”Q`, wPwKrmv I gš¿, ¯^cœ, wkóvPvi, gb Mjv‡bv Dc‡`kgvjv I wdZbv c‡e©i AšÍM©Z 3885bs †_‡K
6034bs ch©šÍ †gvU 2149wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
181

MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gwnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb-beex in., Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn,cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î,
2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 840 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 750 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : evW© Kw¤úDUvi GÛ
cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gydwZ gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn KZ©„K evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z Ges evW©
Kw¤úDUvi GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 11 evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K mKj LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’
cÖwZwU cwi‡”Q‡ì wk‡ivbvg wbe©vP‡bi ci cÖvmw½K KziAv‡bi AvqvZ D‡jøL Kivi Øviv wk‡ivbvg‡K my`„p
Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb †m mKj weï× nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q hv
Øviv mswkøó Aa¨v‡qi DwÏó welqvejx cÖgvwYZ nq| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 376wU cwi‡”Q` Z_v wkóvPvi, †cvkvK-
cwi”Q`, †ivMx‡`Lv, ågY, wewfbœ Avg‡ji dwRjZ, BÔwZKvd, n¾, wRnv`, Bjg, whKi BZ¨vw` wel‡qi
AšÍM©Z †gvU 1005 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b †Kvb AvqvZ wKsev nv`x‡mi RwUj kã G‡m‡Q
Zvi e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïiæ‡Z Bgvg beex (in) Gi mswÿß Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
37. g~j MÖš’: Bgvg eyLvixi KvVMovq Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`xm m¤úª`vq
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi Lyiwk` (in.), Abyev`K: jyrdi ingvb div‡qRx, cÖKvkKvj: A‡±vei
2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 175, g~j¨: 160 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, 11/1 evsjv evRvi,
XvKv| MÖš’wU‡Z Bgvg eyLvix (in) Gi mb‡` ewY©Z wKQy mnxn nv`x‡mi we‡ivax Kw_Z Avn‡j nv`x‡mi
Abymvix‡ì G wel‡q ¯úó aviYv †`qv n‡q‡Q | †hgb- RyZv cv‡q bvgvR cov, bvgv‡h wemwgjøvn Av‡¯Í
cov, gy³vwì wKivAvÕZ cov, RygAvÔi mgq, BgvgwZi AwaK nK`vi, weZi, Zvnv¾y`, bdj BZ¨vw`
wel‡q ewY©Z nv`x‡mi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q|
38. g~j MÖš’: Zvdmx‡i KziAv‡b Rvj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: Avmxi Avìex, Abyev`K: D‡jøL †bB, cÖKvkKvj: RyjvB 2013, c„ôv msL¨v: 348, g~j¨:
350 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, 11/1 evsjv evRvi, XvKv| MÖš’wU AZ¨šÍ mvejxj I cÖvÄj
PwjZ evsjvq wjwLZ wewfbœ Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’ †h mKj Rvj nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’ cvV K‡i GKRb cvVK Lye mn‡RB cÖPwjZ Rvj nv`xm¸‡jv c„_K Ki‡Y mg¨K aviYv
jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
39. g~j MÖš’: nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K ¸Yv‡ni kvw¯Í
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx RvInvi, Abyev`K: D‡jøL †bB, cÖKvkKvj: ‡deªæqvwi 2017, c„ôv msL¨v:
224, g~j¨: 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvKZvevZzZ ZvKIqv, 11/1 evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: GwU nv`xm wfwËK ¸bv‡ni kvw¯Í welqK GKwU PgrKvi MÖš’| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi b¤î I
Drm cvk¦©UxKvq ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wmsnfvM nv`x‡mi Drm ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe I gvKZvev kv‡gjv
†_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z wkiK, nZ¨v, hv`y, gvZv-wcZvi Aeva¨Zv, bvgvR cwiZ¨vM, hvKvZ bv †`qv, Ryqv,
Pzwi, e¨wfPvi, my`, Nyl BZ¨vwì kvw¯Í welqK nv`x‡mi Abyev` cÖvÄj PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G Qvov
KziAvb nv`xm I wdK‡ni wbf©i‡hvM¨ MÖš’vejxi gva¨‡g MÖš’wU‡K Av‡iv Z_¨ mg„× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
40.g~j MÖš’: mnxn eyLvix kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj eyLvix in., Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvwRRyj nK,
cÖKvkKvj: Ryb 2015, c„ôv msL¨v: 832, LÐ :(mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 990 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avwjd
cvewj‡KkÝ, 38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: eyLvix kix‡di g~j wKZve Abymi‡Y 92wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 7053 wU nv`x‡mi ïay PwjZ
ixwZ‡Z mij Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i m~Pbv‡Z nv`x‡mi cwiPq, nv`xm kv‡¯¿ i BwZnvm,
KziAvb-nv`x‡mi cv_©K¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡q ms‡ÿ‡c Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
182

MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gwnDÏxb BqvnBqv Avb-beex in., Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv, cÖKvkKvj: wW‡m¤î
2010wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 962 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 900 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avwjd cvewj‡KkÝ,
38/3 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb welq wfwËK nv`xm MÖš’ wn‡m‡e †MvUv gymwjg
Rvnv‡b mgv`„Z| 4 L‡Ði wekvj G MÖš’wU GKgjv‡U †gvU (1g L‡Ð 202c„.) + (2q L‡Ð 239c„.) +
(3q L‡Ð 256 c„.) + (4_© L‡Ð 235 c„.) = 962 c„ôvi AšÍM©Z 1896 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Abyev‡ì fvlv PwjZ|
42. g~j MÖš’: mnxn †evLvix kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv ggZvR DwÏb
Avng` I Avnmvb nvexe, cÖKvkKvj: Rvbyqvwi, 2011 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1072 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨:
720UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, 45 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100 |
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 65wU Aa¨vq Z_v eveyj Iwn, wKZveyj Cgvb, Bjg, Ahy, †Mvmj, nv‡qh,
Zvqv¤§yg, mvjvZ, Avhvb, RygAvÔ, C`, Rvbvhv, Zvnv¾y` BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z 01bs †_‡K 7041 bs
ch©šÍ †gvU 7041 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg eyLvixi Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`x‡mi cwifvlv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU Aa¨vq‡K Avjv`vfv‡e cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K
cÖwZwU nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
43. g~j MÖš’: mnxn gymwjg kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR in., Abyev`K: dRjyi ingvb gywÝ I gvIjvbv Bwjqvm, cÖKvkKvj:
Rvbyqvwi, 2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1080(mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨:75 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi,
45 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 57 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 7283 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 3917 Lvbv nv`xm
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †hgb: cweÎZv, AvRvb, mdi, µq-weµq BZ¨vw`| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebx I
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU‡Z ZvKivi nv`xm Z_v c~Y: c~Y: DwjøwLZ
nv`xmmn g~j wKZv‡ei mKj nv`xm cÖvÄj fvlvq Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| mb` eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î Aa:¯Íb I DaŸ©Zb
ivex‡ì bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| ms‡ÿc‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ mb‡ì gaëZx© ivex‡ì bvg D‡jøL Kiv nqwb|
44. g~j MÖš’: mnxn wZiwghx kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.), Abyev`K: dRjyi ingvb gywÝ Kv‡Ze Avngv` •mq`
KvIQvi, cÖKvkKvj: AvMó,2013wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1072wU, LÐ: mKj LÐ GK‡Î, g~j¨:750UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: ‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, 45 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †hgb: cweÎZv, AvRvb, mdi, µq-weµq BZ¨vw`| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg wZiwghxi Rxebx I
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
45. g~j MÖš’: mnxn bvmvC kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avãyi ingvb Avb-bvmvC (in.), Abyev`K: dRjyi ingvb gywÝ I Kv‡Ze Avngv` •mq`
KvIQvi, cÖKvkKvj: Ryb, 2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1072 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 800 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb:
‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, 45 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
183
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖš’wU GKwU mybvb MÖš’ hv wdKnx avivevwnKZvq Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q` wfwËK mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
†hgb- wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ w`‡q MÖš’wU ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci mvjvZ, wmqvg, hvKvZ, gvbvwmK BZ¨vw`
†gvU 36wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 5761 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 5761 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi
ïiæ‡Z Bgvg bvmvCi Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci cÖwZwU Aa¨vq‡K Avjv`vfv‡e
cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abyev` Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
46. g~j MÖš’: mnxn Avey `vD` kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avãyi Mdzi I dRjyi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: gvP©, 2014
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1060 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 800 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : ‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, 45 evsjv
evRvi, XvKv-1100 |
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †hgb - cweÎZv, AvRvb, mdi, µq-weµq BZ¨vw`| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Avey `vD‡ì
Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`x‡mi cwifvlv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cÖwZwU Aa¨vq‡K
Avjv`vfv‡e cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vmc~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Abyev` Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
47. g~j MÖš’: mybv‡b Beb gvRvn kixd
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avey Ave`yjøvn gyn¤§` Beb BqvwR` Beb gvRvn in., Abyev`K: gydwZ gvIjvbv Avãyj
Mdzi, cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î,2014, c„ôv msL¨v: 864 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 750 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb :
‡nvmvBbxqv jvB‡eªwi, 45 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 38wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 4341 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 4341 Lvbv nv`xm
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †hgb- cweÎZv, mvjvZ, RvbvRv, wmqvg, hvKvZ, ZvjvK, Kvd&dviv, wRqvivZzj AvnKvg,
mv`vKvZ, wnev, eÜK, AvRvb, BZ¨vw` wel‡qi nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Beb
gvRvn Gi Rxebx I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cvkv cvwk GKwU AeZiwYKv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv‡Z
ivm~‡ji AbymiY, nv`x‡mi Zvrch© I mvnvevM‡Yi Rxeb cwiµgv Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci cÖwZwU
Aa¨vq‡K Avjv`vfv‡e cwi‡”Q‡` web¨vm c~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
48. g~j MÖš’: dvhv‡q‡j Avgj
MÖš’Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm hvKvwiq¨v Qv‡ne KvÜvjfx (in.), Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` Devq`yjøvn, cÖKvkKvj:
A‡±vei, 2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 1016 (mKj LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 205 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: `viæj wKZve,
50 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖš’wU 06wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: dvRv‡q‡j ZvejxM eY©bvq 8wU AvqvZ I
13wU nv`xm wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZci dvRv‡q‡j bvgvh, bvgvR bv covi ÿwZ, Rvgv‡Z bvgv‡Ri ¸iæZ¡ I
bvgv‡R GKvMÖZv cÖm‡½ 33wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| dvRv‡q‡j KziAvb m¤ú‡K© 47wU nv`xm DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q,
dvRv‡q‡j whK&i m¤ú‡K© 54wU AvqvZ I 19wU nv`xm, Kvwjgv Zvwqëvi dwRjZ m¤ú‡K© 21wU AvqvZ I
40wU nv`xm Ges wZb Zvmwen (myenvbvjøvn, Avj-nvg`y wjjøvn, Avjøvû AvKevi) m¤úwK©Z 30wU AvqvZ I
25wU nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q, dvRv‡q‡j †nKv‡q‡Z mvnvev, dvRv‡q‡j igRv‡bi Dci 21wU nv`xm msKjb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, G MÖš’wU niKZhy³ g~j Aviex D‡jøL c~e©K wb‡P D`~©‡Z ZiRgv, AZci mvay fvlvq
Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvic‡i dvq`v wk‡ivbv‡g mswkøó nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
49. g~j MÖš’: dvhv‡q‡j mv`vKvZ
MÖš’Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm hvKvwiq¨v Qv‡ne KvÜvjfx (in.), Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` Devq`yjøvn, cÖKvkKvj:
RyjvB,2004, c„ôv msL¨v: 888 (1g I 2q LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : `viæj wKZve, 50
evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
184
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 06 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q m¤ú` LiP Kivi dwRjZ m¤úwK©Z
35wU AvqvZ I 27wU nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q; wØZxq Aa¨v‡q K…cYZvi wb›`v m¤úwK©Z 15wU AvqvZ I 15wU
nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q; Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© cÖm‡½ 03wU AvqvZ I 10wU nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q;
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q hvKvZ cÖm‡½ 03wU AvqvZ I 07wU nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q; cÂg Aa¨v‡q hvKvZ bv †Ìqvi
cwiYwZ cÖm‡½ 03wU AvqvZ I 10wU nv`xm D×…Z n‡q‡Q; lô Aa¨v‡q mei, ZvIqv°zj I A‡í Zzwó BZ¨vw`
cÖm‡½ 122wU AvqvZ I 20wU nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU mvay fvlvq Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q|
50. g~j MÖš’: gyšÍvLve nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: nhiZ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDmyd KvÜvjfx in., Abyev`K: nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hyev‡qi Qv‡ne,
cÖKvkKvj: AvMó,2010 (2q cÖKvk), c„ôv msL¨v: 824, g~j¨: 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : `viæj wKZve, 50
evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100 |
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ QqwU Aa¨vq Z_v 1. Kv‡jgv ZvBwqëv Z_v Cgvb, Mv‡q‡ei cÖwZ wek¦vm,
Avjøvni ¸Yvejx I Zvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ wek¦vm, cybiæÌv‡b wek¦vm m¤úwK©Z 200wU nv`xm; 2. bvgvR Z_v
RvgvZ, mybœvZ-bdj mvjvZ, mvjv‡Z Lyï-Ly`y, IRy I gmwR‡ì dvhv‡qj cÖm‡½ 276wU nv`xm; 3. Bjg I
whK&i Z_v dvhv‡q‡j KziAvb, bex (mv.) ewY©Z whKi I `yAv m¤ú‡K© 276wU nv`xm; 4. GKivgyj gymwjgxb
Z_v gymwj‡gi gh©v`v, DËg PwiÎ, gymwj‡gi AwaKvi cÖ`vb I Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi gZ‡f` `~i Kiv I Avw_©K
mvnvh¨ `vb cÖm‡½ 391wU nv`xm; 5. BLjvm I wbq¨vZ Z_v GKwbôZv I ‡j․wKZZv cÖm‡½ 94wU nv`xm; 6.
`vIqvZ I ZvejxM m¤úwK©Z 193wU nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ cÖ‡Z¨KwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z eû
msL¨K KziAv‡bi AvqvZ D×„Z n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU mvay fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
MÖš’Kvi: Avjøvgv Rjxj Avngv` b`fx in., Abyev`K: gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj KvBqyg, cÖKvkKvj:
gvP©,20018(ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‥iY), c„ôv msL¨v: 223 (1g LÐ), g~j¨: 160 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : dvwng eyK
wW‡cv, cvVK eÜz gv‡K©U, 50 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 16 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs
†_‡K 208 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 208 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Aa¨vq¸‡jv n‡”Q Cgvb, Bev`Z, BgvgwZ,
hvKvZ, †ivhv, n¾, eëmv-evwYR¨, wcZvgvZv I AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi nK BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm msKjb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU PwjZ fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i m~Pbv‡Z PviwU hy‡M wef³ K‡i nv`xm msKj‡bi
BwZnvm Ges cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii hyM‡kÖô nv`xmMÖš’¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: gvP©,2018(ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‥iY) , c„ôv msL¨v: 256, g~j¨ : 170 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb :
dvwng eyK wW‡cv, cvVK eÜz gv‡K©U, 50 evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 36 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z
209 bs †_‡K 460 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 251 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Aa¨vq¸‡jv n‡”Q gymwjg D¤§vi cÖK…Z
cwiPq, Rš‘i cÖwZ gvbeZv gvby‡li PvwiwÎK †`vl-ÎæwU, †µv‡ai cwiYvg, Øxwb wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡, `¦x‡bi †meK‡ì
g~j¨vqb, ZvIev-Bw¯ÍMdvi, wRnv‡ì dwRjZ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU PwjZ
fvlvq Ab~w`Z| G‡Z mij Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk mswÿß e¨vL¨v mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
52. g~j MÖš’: G‡šÍLve nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: Avãyj Mvd&dvi nvmvb b`fx in., Abyev`K: ‡Mvjvg myenvb wmwÏKx, cÖKvkKvj: GwcÖj,2007 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 236 (1g I 2q LÐ GK‡Î), g~j¨: 160 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: cÖ‡dmiÔm cÖKvkbx, 191 Iqvi‡jm
†MU, eo gMevRvi, XvKv-1100| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 11 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 400 bs ch©šÍ †gvU
400 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z GMv‡ivwU Aa¨vq Z_v Bmjv‡gi g~j wfwË, Øxwb wkÿvi dwRjZ, Øxwb
Kv‡R mdjZv, Bev`‡Zi dwRjZ, Pwi‡Îi cwic~Y©Zv, gvbe Rxe‡bi •ewkó¨, cvw_©e Rxeb-hvc‡b KiYxq
m¤úwK©Z nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wU PwjZ fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i m~Pbv‡Z nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm Ges cÖwZwU ¯Í‡ii hyM‡kÖô nv`xmMÖš’¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov eZ©gvb hy‡Mi
msKjbmg~n Ges nv`xm eY©bvi 2q, 3q, 4_© hy‡Mi nv`xm msKjb m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
185
53. g~j MÖš’: mnxn gymwjg

MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix Avb-wbmvcyix (in.), Abyev`K: Abyev` I
m¤ú`bv cwil`, cÖKvk¯’vb : nv`xm GKv‡Wgx, 214,eskvj †ivW, XvKv-1100|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: nv`xm GKv‡Wgx cÖKvwkZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ Gi mKj LÐ gynv¤§` dzqv` Avj-evKx
m¤úvw`Z •eiƒ‡Zi Ò`viæ Beb nvhgÓ I Ò`viæj nv`xmÓ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ g~j Kwci AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
MÖš’wUi g~j nv`xm c~Y© mb` I niKZ mnKv‡i gyw`ªZ| evsjv Abyev‡ì †ÿ‡Î mb‡ì cÖ_g I †kl ivexi
bvg DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Bgvg beexi (in) Gi me©‡kl ZvÔjxK Abymi‡Y wUKv mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
gymwj‡g D×…Z nv`x‡m Kz`mxmg~n wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges G‡Z ewY©Z gyimvj, gvidz, gvIKzd nv`xm¸‡jvi
b¤î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|ÔAvj-jyÔjy Iqvj gviRvbÕ MÖš’vbycv‡Z ÔgyËvdvKzb AvjvBwnÕ nv`xmmg~n DwjøwLZ
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z me©‡gvU nv`xm msL¨v 7453 wU|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`, (12 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2002wLª., 2q cÖKvk,
2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 480 wU, g~j¨: 650UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Bgvg gymwjg (in) Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ I
Zvi mnxn gymwjg MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv; nv`x‡mi KwZcq cwifvlv; mnxn gymwj‡gi nv`xm eY©bvi KwZcq
cwifvlv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZci g~j MÖ‡š’i f~wgKv Ges 04wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj Cgvb, ce© (2)
ZvnvivZ, ce© (3) nvqvh, ce© (5) mvjvZ Gi AšÍM©Z 01bs †_‡K 1047bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1047wU nv`x‡mi
e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(12 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2004wLª., 2q cÖKvk,
2014 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 419 wU, g~j¨: 550 UvKv| G L‡Ð 07wU Aa¨vq Z_v ce© (5) gmwR` I mvjv‡Zi
¯’vbmg~n, ce© (6) gymvwd‡ii mvjvZ I Zvi Kmi, ce© (7) KziAv‡bi gh©v`vmg~n, ce© (8) RygyAvn, ce© (9)
C‡ì `yÔmvjvZ, ce© (10) BmwZmKvi mvjvZ, ce© (11) m~h©MÖn‡Yi mvjvZ, ce© (12) Rvbvhvn, Gi AšÍM©Z
1048 bs †_‡K 2152 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1104wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z„Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(10 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2010 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v: 580 wU, g~j¨ : 650UvKv| G L‡Ð 07wU Aa¨vq Z_v ce© (13) hvKvZ, ce© (14) wmqvg, ce©
(15) BwZKvd, ce© (16) n¾, ce© (17) weevn, ce© (18) `yacvb, ce© (19) Z¡jvK Gi AšÍM©Z 2153 bs
†_‡K 3634 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1481wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(14 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-RyjvB, 2011 2q cÖKvk-
‡g, 2013 mvj, c„ôv msL¨: 489 wU, g~j¨ : 550UvKv| G L‡Ð ce© (20) wjÔAvb, ce© (21) `vmgyw³, ce©
(22) µqweµq, ce© (23) eM©v Pvl, ce© (24) dvivwqh, ce© (25) wnevZ, ce© (26) Revn BZ¨vwì AšÍM©Z
3635 bs †_‡K 4957 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1322wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`,(12 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-AvMó 2011, 2q cÖKvk-
2013wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 503 wU, g~j¨ : 650 UvKv| G L‡Ð ce© (36) Kzievbx, ce© (37) cvbxqe¯‘, ce©
(38) †cvkvK I mvR-m¾v, ce© (39) wkóvPvi, ce© (40) mvjvg, ce© (41) ¯^cœ, ce© (45) mvnvevM‡Yi
gh©v`v BZ¨vwì AšÍM©Z 4958 bs †_‡K 6393 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1435wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: m¤ú`bv cwil`, (10 m`m¨ wewkó), cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP© 2012mvj, 2q
cÖKvk-2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 415 wU, g~j¨: 550 UvKv| G L‡Ð ce© (46) mØënvi I wkóvPvi, ce© (67)
ZvK`xi, ce© (64) Bjg, ce© (49) whKi, `yAv, ZvIevn I ÿgv cÖv_©bv ce© (50) wKqvgZ, RvbœvZ I
Rvnvbœvg, ce© (51) wewfbœ wdZbv I wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ, ce© (57) Zvdmxi BZ¨vwì AšÍM©Z 6394 bs
†_‡K 7453 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1059wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
186
54. g~j MÖš’: Avj-jyÕjyD Iqvj gviRvb dxgv BËvdvKv AvjvBwn kvqLvb
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL dzqv` Avãyj evKx, Abyev`K: kvqL AvKivgy¾vgvb web Avãym mvjvg I Ab¨vb¨ 5 m`m¨,
cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2011 wLª., PZz_© cÖKvk-2020wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 880wU, g~j¨: 1040 UvKv|
cÖKvk¯’vb : ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, eskvj †ivW, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: wmwiqvi weL¨vZ kvqL dzqv` Avãyj evKx KZ©„K eyLvix-gymwj‡gi ‡h mKj nv`x‡mi †ÿ‡Î
HKgZ¨ ‡cvlY K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jvi wfwË‡Z msKwjZ n‡q‡Q G MÖš’wU| dvZûj evixi µgvbymv‡i eyLvixi
nv`xm Ges Bgvg beexi K…Z gymwj‡gi µgvbymv‡i gymwj‡gi nv`xm G MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb ‡c‡q‡Q| G‡Z wKZveyj
Cgvb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wKZveyZ Zvdmxi ch©šÍ ‡gvU 53wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z me©‡gvU 1906 Lvbv nv`xm D×…Z
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`xm niKZhy³ Aviex BeviZmn PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| D³
MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ nv`xm¸‡jv eyLvix-gymwj‡gi †Kvb Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q‡ì KZ b¤î nv`xm Zv wb‡P dyU‡bvU
AvKv‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ D³ MÖš’wUi eY©web¨vm, mvwnZ¨gvb I `„wó b›`b Kvfvi mn‡RB
cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
55. g~j MÖš’: hÔCd I Rvj nv`xm wmwiR Ges D¤§v‡Zi gv‡S Zvi KzcÖfve (Pvi L‡Ð)
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.), Abyev`K: Avey wkdv gynv¤§` AvKgvj ûmvBb web
e`xDh&hvgvb, cÖKvkKvj: 4_© cÖKvk-2011 wLª., cÖKvk¯’vb: ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100| G nv`xm
wmwiRwU g~jZ: kvqL Avjevbx iwPZ ÒwmjwmjvZz Avnv`xmym hÔCdvÓGi e½vbyev`| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`xm
D‡jøL KiZ: G m¤ú‡K© wiRvj kv¯¿ we‡klÁ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi gšÍe¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G MÖ‡š’
Rvj Ges hÔCd‡K GKvKvi K‡i †`Lv‡bv nqwb; eis weavbMZ mgfv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 439wU, g~j¨: 240UvKv| G L‡Ð Rvj hÔCd m¤úwK©Z 01bs †_‡K 500 bs ch©šÍ
†gvU 500wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 493wU, g~j¨: 240UvKv| G L‡Ð Rvj hÔCd m¤úwK©Z 501bs †_‡K 1000 bs
ch©šÍ †gvU 1000wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: 4_© cÖKvk-2017wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 624wU, g~j¨: 380UvKv| G L‡Ð Rvj hÔCd m¤úwK©Z
1001bs †_‡K 1500 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 500wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2013wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 624wU, g~j¨: 380UvKv| G L‡Ð Rvj hÔCd m¤úwK©Z
1501bs †_‡K 2000 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 500wU nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
56. g~j MÖš’: ZvnKxK wiqvhym ¯^v-wjnxb
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gnxDwÏb Avey eKi hvKvwiqv BqvnBqv Beb kid Avb-beex (in.), ZvnKxK: kvqL
bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.), Abyev`K: Avãyj nvgx` dBhx Avj-gv`vbx, cÖKvkKvj: 2011 wLª., ms¯‥iY: 5g
cÖKvk-2020wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 845, g~j¨: 800 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU nv`xm‡K ÒKzZzeyZ wZmAvÔÓ Z_v wmnvn wmËvn, gyIqvËv, gymbv` Avng` I
`v‡igx Gi Av‡jv‡K ZvLixR Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov D³ MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nv`xm¸‡jv DwjøwLZ 9wU MÖ‡š’i
†Kv_vq i‡q‡Q Zv dzU‡bv‡U MÖ‡š’i bvg I nv`xm bs D×…Z n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖwZwU nv`xm Avjevbx (in) KZ…©K
ZvnKxK K…Z| Gi hCd nv`xm¸‡jv‡K Avjv`v Kiv n‡q‡Q| gv‡S g‡a¨ nv`x‡mi Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk
Abyev`K KZ©„K e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ 18wU Aa¨‡q 375wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 1905wU nv`xm
DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
57. g~j MÖš’: nv`xm Kz`mx mgMÖ
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.), Abyev`K: Avj-gvmiƒi, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-2012
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 392wU, g~j¨: 260UvKv| cÖKvk¯’vb: ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100|
187
ch©v‡jvPbv: kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) KZ©„K G MÖ‡š’ mnxn eyLvix‡Z DwjøwLZ 131wU, mnxn
gymwj‡g DwjøwLZ 15wU, Rvwg wZiwghx‡Z DwjøwLZ 55wU, mybvb bvmvC‡Z DwjøwLZ 25wU, mybvb Avey `vD‡`
DwjøwLZ 25wU, mybvb Beb gvRvn-G DwjøwLZ 26wU, gyqvËv gvwj‡K DwjøwLZ 11wUmn me©‡gvU 342wU nv`xm
Kz`mxi mgš^‡q msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU nv`xm †h mKj MÖ‡š’ i‡q‡Q Zv dzU‡bv‡U MÖš’ I nv`xm b¤î D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| PwjZ evsjvq nv`xm¸‡jv Ab~w`Z ; Z‡e G‡Z †Kvb e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv nqwb|
58. g~j MÖš’: eyjy¸j gvivg wgb Avw`jøvwZj AvnKvg
MÖš’Kvi: nvwdR Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in.), Abyev`K: W. Avãyjøvn dviæK mvjvdx I Ab¨vb¨ 8 m`m¨,
cÖKvkKvj: 2013 wLª., ms¯‥iY: lô cÖKvk-2020wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 712, g~j¨: 650 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb:
ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖš’wU kvqL mygvBi Avh-hynvBix m¤úvw`Z Òeyjy¸j gvivgÓ Gi b¤î Abym„Z Ges cÖwZwU
nv`xm ZvLixR K…Z; Gi g‡a¨ `~e©j nv`xm¸‡jv Avjv`vfv‡e e‡· D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`xm eY©bvKvix
ivexMY Ges eZ©gvb ch©šÍ 38Rb m¤úv`‡Ki mswÿß cwiwPwZ wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Gi AviI GKwU •ewkó¨
n‡”Q, cwiwk‡ó MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ 1350wU KwVb k‡ãi e½vbyev` mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi ïiæ‡Z Beb nvRv‡ii
Rxebe„ËvšÍ, MÖš’vKv‡ii f~wgKv, nv`x‡mi cwifvlv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci 16wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyZ
ZvnvivZ, wKZveym mvjvZ, wKZveyj Rvbv‡qh, wKZveym mvIg, wKZveyj eyqy Ô BZ¨vw` wel‡qi AšÍM©Z †gvU
1568 Lvbv nv`xm g~j Aviexmn e½vbyev` D×…Z n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU nv`xm Ab¨ †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm MÖ‡š’ D×…Z
n‡q‡Q Zv dzU‡bvU AvKv‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
59. g~j MÖš’: mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avj nvwdh gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ& wZiwghx (in.), ZvnKxK: kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb
Avjevbx (m¤úvw`Z), Abyev` I m¤ú`bv: ûmvBb web †mvnive I kvqL †gv.Cmv wgTv web Lwjjyi ingvb,
cÖKvk¯’vb : ûmvBb Avjgv`vbx cÖKvkbx, 38,b_©-mvD_ †ivW, eskvj, XvKv-1100|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx KZ„©K m¤úvw`Z| wZwb wZiwghx
kix‡di nv`xm¸‡jv `yÔfv‡M wef³ K‡i GKvs‡ki bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx Ges Acivs‡ki
bvg w`‡q‡Qb hCd AvZ-wZiwghx| GiB avivevwnKZvq eZ©gvb MÖ‡š’ wZwb mb` eY©bvi cvkvcvwk GKB
nv`x‡mi wewfbœ ZziæK eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivexi †`vl-ÎæwU, bvg-Dcbvg, †hvMmyÎZv-wew”QbœZv eY©bv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †gv‡UB ZvLwiR Kiv nqwb; Z‡e Dnvi gh©v`v I ¯Íi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h
mKj nv`xm Avgj‡hvM¨ ev Avgj P‡j Avm‡Q Zv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cwiZ¨v³ nv`xmI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
Qvov D³ MÖ‡š’ D×…Z nv`xmwU Avi †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ZvI D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU PwjZ
evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Dc‡i ewY©Z g~jbxwZ¸‡jv mKj L‡Ði †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we, ms¯‥iY: 2q, 2014, c„ôv msL¨v: 494 wU, g~j¨: 311 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
04wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 616 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 616 Lvbv nv`xm †c‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨v‡q cvweÎZv,
2q Aa¨v‡q bvgv‡hi mgqm~wP, 3q Aa¨v‡q weZ‡ii bvgvh I 4_© Aa¨v‡q RygyAvi bvgvh msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv
PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2015, c„ôv msL¨v: 496 wU, g~j¨: 311 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
Aa¨vq 05 †_‡K Aa¨vq 12 ch©šÍ †gvU 07wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 617 bs †_‡K 1228 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 611
Lvbv nv`xm †c‡q‡Q| 5g Aa¨v‡q hvKvZ, 6ô Aa¨v‡q †ivhv, 7g Aa¨v‡q n¾, 8g Aa¨v‡q Rvbvhv, 9g
Aa¨v‡q weevn 10g Aa¨v‡q `y» cvb, 11k Aa¨v‡q ZvjvK I wjÔqvb Ges 12k Aa¨v‡q µq-weµq msµvšÍ
nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2014, c„ôv msL¨v: 496wU, g~j¨: 311 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
12Zg Aa¨v‡qi wKq`vskmn 23Zg Aa¨vq ch©šÍ †gvU 11wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 1229 bs †_‡K 1834 bs
ch©šÍ †gvU 605 Lvbv nv`xm †c‡q‡Q| D³ Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z wePvi, w`qvZ, nÏ, wkKvi, KzievYx, gvbZ I kc_,
hy×, wRnv‡ì dwRjZ, †cvkvK-cwi”Q`, Lv`¨`ªe¨ BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
188
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2014, c„ôv msL¨v: 496 wU, g~j¨: 311 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
ch©šÍ †gvU 621 Lvbv nv`xm †c‡q‡Q| D³ Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z cvbcvÎ I cvbxq, mØeënvi I cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©,
wPwKrmv, dvivBR, IwmqvZ, Iqvjv-wnev, ZvK`xi, wdZbv, ¯^cœ I ZvÔwei, mvÿ¨cÖ`vb, `ywbqvex †fvMwejv‡mi
cÖwZ Awbnv, wKqvgZ-gg©¯úkx© welq BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we 2q ms¯‥iY, 2013, c„ôv msL¨v: 496wU, g~j¨: 301 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
ch©šÍ †gvU 647 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z RvbœvZ-Rvnbœvg, Cgvb, Ávb, AbygwZ cÖv_©bv,
wkóvPvi, KziAv‡bi dwhjZ, Zvdwmiæj KziAvb BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 2q, 2013, c„ôv msL¨v: 640 wU, g~j¨: 361 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
ch©šÍ †gvU 851 Lvbv nv`xm †c‡q‡Q| D³ Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡Z †`vqv I ivm~j (mv.) Ges mvnvexM‡Yi gh©v`v
msµvšÍ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
60. g~j MÖš’: hÔCd mybvb AvZ-wZiwghx
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg Avj nvwdh gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ& wZiwghx (in.) , ZvnKxK: kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb
Avjevbx (m¤úvw`Z), Abyev` I m¤ú`bv: ûmvBb web †mvnive I kvqL †gv.Cmv wgTv web Lwjjyi ingvb,
cÖKvk¯’vb : ûmvBb Avjgv`vbx cÖKvkbx,38,b_©-mvD_ †ivW,eskvj, XvKv-1100|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: ÒhÔCd mybvb AvZ-wZiwghxÓ kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx KZ„©K m¤úvw`Z|
wZwb wZiwghx kix‡di nv`xm¸‡jv `yÔfv‡M wef³ K‡i GKvs‡ki bvgKiY K‡i‡Qb mnxn AvZ-wZiwghx
Ges Acivs‡ki bvgw`‡q‡Qb hCd AvZ-wZiwghx| GiB avivevwnKZvq eZ©gvb MÖ‡š’ wZwb mb` eY©bvi
cvkvcvwk GKB nv`x‡mi wewfbœ ZziæK eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivexi †`vl-ÎæwU, bvg-Dcbvg, †hvMmyÎZv-
wew”QbœZv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †gv‡UB ZvLwiR Kiv nqwb; Z‡e Dnvi gh©v`v I ¯Íi
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †h mKj nv`xm Avgj‡hvM¨ ev Avgj P‡j Avm‡Q Zv eY©bvi cvkvcvwk cwiZ¨v³
nv`xmI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov D³ MÖ‡š’ D×…Z nv`xmwU Avi †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ZvI D‡jø L
Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2015, c„ôv msL¨v: 400 wU, g~j¨ : 301 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
35 wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 01 bs †_‡K 2482 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 2482 Lvbv nv`xm‡K hCd ev `~e©j mve¨¯Í Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb: cweÎZv, ivm~j m. †_‡K ewY©Z mvjvZ, weZ‡ii mvjvZ, RygÔAvi mvjvZ, hvKvZ, mIg,
n¾, Rvbvhv, weevn, wkïi `y» cvb, ZvjvK-wjÔAvb, eëmv-evwYR¨, wePvi, w`qvZ, `Ðwewa, BZ¨vw` wel‡q
†gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z I evQvB K…Z hÔCd nv`xm wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖwZwU nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: Zv.we ms¯‥iY: 3q, 2015, c„ôv msL¨v: 400 wU, g~j¨ : 301 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i
g‡a¨ 11wU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 2484 bs †_‡K 3947 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1463 Lvbv nv`xm‡K hCd ev `~e©j
mve¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb: Rvbœv‡Zi weeiY, Rvnvbœv‡gi weeiY, Cgvb, Ávb, m¤§wZ cÖv_©bv, f`ªeënvi,
KziAv‡bi dwRjZ, wKivAvZ, Zvdwmiyj KziAvb, †`vqvmg~n, ivm~jøvn (mv.) I Zvui mvnvevM‡Yi gh©v`v
wel‡q †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z I evQvB K…Z me©‡gvU 1463 Lvbv nv`xm‡K
hÔCd nv`xm wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU nv`xm evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
61. g~j MÖš’: hÔCd I Rvj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.), Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` hvKvwiq¨v, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g
cÖKvk- †m‡Þ¤î, 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 800 (1g LÐ), g~j¨: 650 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : gxbv eyK nvDR,
evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
189
ch©v‡jvPbv: G MÖ‡š’i m~Pvbv c‡e© AvU c„ôve¨vcx kvqL †gvnv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) Gi mswÿß
Rxebe„ËvšÍ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Zvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 224wU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Av‡jvP¨ Mªš’wU
Ab¨Zg| AZtci cÖm½ K_v wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm RvjKiY GKwU Bmjvg we‡ivax ZrciZv cÖm‡½ 68c„ôv
ch©šÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Zvic‡i Rvj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, AvwfavwbK I cvwifvwlK we‡kølY, Gi m~Pbv I
µgweKvk, wPbvi Dcvq BZ¨vw` wewfbœ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gic‡i G‡Z hCd ev `~e©j nv`xm gvÎ
(1-4)wU D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| A_P MÖš’wk‡ivbv‡g g‡b n‡e, kvqL Avjevbx hCd I Rvj‡K GKvKvi K‡i
†d‡j‡Qb Ges `y‡Uvi weav‡bi †ÿ‡Î wZwb †Kvb cv_©K¨ K‡ibwb| e¯‘Z: GKwUi wfwË `~e©j; Ab¨wU wfwË
nxb| `y‡UvB mgvb n‡Z cv‡i (?) bv| AZtci Rvj nv`xm wk‡ivbv‡g (5-479)=479wU Ges ev‡bvqvU
nv`xm wk‡ivbv‡g (480-901) ch©šÍ me©‡gvU 901wU hCd-Rvj nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
G cÖ_g L‡Ð g~j MÖ‡š’i 1g I 2q LÐ GK‡Î AšÍf©y³ Kivn‡q‡Q|
2q LÐ (g~j 3q I 4_©): cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- A‡±vei, 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 848 wU, g~j¨: 700
UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ g~j wKZv‡ei AšÍM©Z Z…Zxq I PZz_© LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð 902 b¤î
†_‡K 1916 b¤î ch©šÍ †gvU 1014 Lvbv Rvj hCd ev `~e©j nv`xm wn‡m‡e D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb: 3|
ÒAvgv‡K †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wkÿv `vbKvix wn‡m‡e|Ó G nv`xmwU‡K hCd cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Beb nvRvi
AvmKvjvbx (in.) Gi ZvKixeyZ Zvnhxe I Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’i D×„wZ Dvc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
62. g~j MÖš’: gyIqvËv gvwjK
MÖš’Kvi: Bgvg gvwjK web Avbvm (in.), Abyev`K: ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ Gi Abyev` I m¤ú`bv cwil`,
cÖKvk¯’vb : ZvInx` cvewj‡KkÝ, eskvj †ivW, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: kvqL BqvnBqv Avj-jvqmxi eY©bv K…Z cÖwm× bymLv (cvÐzwjwc) Abymi‡Y G MÖ‡š’i Abyev` I
m¤úv`bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi nv`x‡mi mb`, ZvLixR, ivexi Rvin-ZvÔ`xj m¤úwK©Z cÖvgvwYK Av‡jvPbv,
cwimsL¨vb, m‡ev©cwi Aviex eY©gvjvi bZzb D”PviY bxwZgvjv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G Qvov G‡Z cÖwZwU
nv`xm c~Y© mb`mn niKZhy³ Aviex BeviZmn PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ
nv`xm¸‡jv Ab¨ ‡Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb †c‡q _vK‡j Zv dyU‡bvU AvKv‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
ÔZvnKxK:Õ wj‡L nv`x‡mi ¯Íi wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2019 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 516 wU, g~j¨: 580 UvKv| G L‡Ði
ïiæ‡Z Bgvg gvwjK web Avbvm (in.) Rxebx; AZci ce©-1 mvjv‡Zi Iqv³mg~n †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ce©-27
dvivBh ch©šÍ ‡gvU 27wU c‡e©i Aaxb 01 †_‡K 1110 b¤î ch©šÍ †gvU 1110 Lvbv nv`xm D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvbyqvwi, 2019 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 527 wU, g~j¨: 610 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’i
g‡a¨ g~j wKZv‡ei AšÍM©Z Z…Zxq I PZz_© LÐ GK‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ð ce©-28 weevn †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i ce©-61 bex (mv.) Gi cweÎ bvgmg~n ch©šÍ ‡gvU 34wU c‡e©i Aaxb 1110 b¤î †_‡K 2110 b¤î
ch©šÍ †gvU 1110 Lvbv nv`xm D×…Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|
63. g~j MÖš’: mnxn nv`xm wek¦‡Kvl
MÖš’Kvi: cÖ‡dmi W. Avey Avng` gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn AvÔhvgx, Abyev`K: cÖ‡dmi W. Avey eKi gynv¤§`
hvKvwiqv, cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk- Rvbyqvwi, 2021 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 720 (1g LÐ), g~j¨: 726 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb : meyR D‡`¨vM cÖKvkbx, †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: ÒAvj-Rv‡gDj Kv‡gjÓ MÖš’wU cÖ‡dmi AvÔhvgx iwPZ Ag~j¨ GK nv`xm msKjb; hv 1436 wn.
mv‡j wiqv‡ì `viæm mvjvg cÖKvkbx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU cÖ‡dmi W. Avey eKi gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv
KZ…K evsjvq fvlvšÍ‡ii mgq Òmnxn nv`xm wek¦‡KvlÓ bvgKiY Kiv nq| G MÖš’wU wdKnx avivevwnKZvq
web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z MÖš’Kvi mKj `ye©j I gyAvjøvj nv`xm eR©b K‡i‡Qb; hv ÒAvj-Rv‡gDj Kv‡gjÓ
Gi cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi wb‡P mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q; KviY Zv D³ MÖ‡š’i kZ©c~iY K‡i bv| Ab~w`Z G MÖ‡š’i
m~Pvbv c‡e© m¤úv`‡Ki f~wgKv kxl©K Ònv`x‡mi gh©v`v I ¸iæZ¡ wel‡q 185 c„ôve¨vcx Av‡jvPbv Kiv
190
n‡q‡Q| AZtci 12c„ôve¨vcx g~j MÖš’vKv‡ii mswÿß Rxebx Ges MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq 45 c„ôve¨vcx nv`x‡mi
¸iæZ¡-Zvrch©, 2q kZvãxi †kl †_‡K 7g kZvãx ch©šÍ iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš’ vejxi bvg ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| AZtci Inx I Cgvb welqK `ywU Aa¨v‡q Inx m¤úwK©Z 117wU Aby‡”Q` wfwËK me©‡gvU 456wU
mb` wenxb niKZhy³ Aviex nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z mv‡_ mv‡_ cv`wUKvi
gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4.3 e¨vL¨vg~jK nv`xmMÖ‡š’i evsjv fvlvq Abyev`
64. e¨vL¨v MÖ‡š’i bvg: ì‡m wZiwghx
e¨vL¨vKvi: gydZx †gvnv¤§` ZvKx Imgvbx, Abyev`K: gynwmb Avj Rvexi, cÖKvk Kvj: 2011 wLª.,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: gydZx †gvnv¤§` ZvKx Imgvbx KZ©„K D`©~ fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ Ôì‡m wZiwghxÕ
nv`xm MÖš’wU gynwmb Avj Rvexi KZ©„K PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z Ges Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi mswÿß ZvLwiR I mb‡ì ¯Íi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: weZwK©Z
ivexi I mb‡ì gvb wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi AvIZvq mswkøó welq we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| my›ì web¨vm I PgrKvi Dc¯’vcbvq MÖš’wU mylgvgwÐZ n‡q‡Q Ges cvVK gn‡j Gi
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv eû¸‡Y e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 840, g~j¨: 1000 UvKv| 1g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Dj~g~j nv`xm cÖm‡½ I Bgvg wZiwghxi
(in.) Rxebx wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci RvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z cweÎZv I bvgvR
cÖm‡½ 02 wU Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z †gvU 251 Lvbv nv`x‡mi mb` I nvivKvZhy³ Aviex gZ‡bi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v
wØZxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 944, g~j¨: 850 UvKv| GB L‡Ð RvwgÔwZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z bvgh Aa¨v‡qi
Aewkóvsk, weZ‡ii bvgvh, RygAvÔi bvgvh, `yB C‡ì bvgvh, hvKvZ I †ivhv cÖm‡½ 05wU Aa¨v‡qi 252bs
†_‡K 808bs ch©šÍ †gvU 556 Lvbv Lvbv nv`x‡mi mb` I nvivKvZhy³ Aviex gZ‡bi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z
e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 616, g~j¨: 600 UvKv| GB (3q) L‡Ð RvwgÔwZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z n¾, Rvbvhv, we‡q,
wkïi `y» cvb, wjqvb I ZvjvK cÖm‡½ 05 wU Aa¨v‡qi 809bs †_‡K 1207bs ch©šÍ †gvU 398 Lvbv Lvbv
nv`x‡mi mb` I nvivKvZhy³ Aviex gZ‡bi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 648, g~j¨: 600 UvKv | GB L‡Ð RvwgÔAvZ-wZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z †ePv‡Kbv, AvnKvg
msµvšÍ 02 wU Aa¨v‡qi 1208bs †_‡K 1794bs ch©šÍ †gvU 586 Lvbv nv`x‡mi mb` I nvivKvZhy³
Aviex gZ‡bi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 640, LÐ: 5g LÐ, g~j¨: 850 UvKv| GB L‡Ð RvwgÔwZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z Avnvi I
Lv`¨`ªe¨, cvbcvÎ I cvbxq, mØëënvi I cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©, wPwKrmv, dviv‡qR, IwmqvZ, Iqvjv I wnev,
ZvK`xi, wdZbv I wech©vq msµvšÍ 09 wU Aa¨v‡qi 1795bs †_‡K 2269bs ch©šÍ †gvU 474 Lvbv nv`x‡mi
mb` I nvivKvZhy³ Aviex gZ‡bi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 504, LÐ: 6ô LÐ, g~j¨: 700 UvKv GB L‡Ð RvwgÔwZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z ¯^cœ I Gi
Zvrch©, mvÿ¨ `vb, cvw_©e Abvmw³, wKqvgZ I gg©¯úkx© welq, Rvbœv‡Zi weeiY, Rvnvbœv‡gi eY©bv, Bgvb
I Bjg msµvšÍ 08 wU Aa¨v‡qi 2270bs †_‡K 2687bs ch©šÍ †gvU 417 Lvbv nv`x‡mi mb` I
nvivKvZhy³ Aviex gZ‡bi PwjZ ixwZ‡Z e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
65. e¨vL¨vMÖš’: Kvkdzj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvix (32LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi I Abyev`K: gydwZ gynv¤§` Bìxm Kv‡mgx, cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB, 2014wLª.(cÖ_g LÐ), cÖKvk¯’vb:
Bìxwmqv I‡qj‡dqvi Uªv÷, XvKv|
191
ch©v‡jvPbv: weï×Zvi w`K †_‡K gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i mev©waK weï× MÖš’ n‡”Q mnxn Avj-eyLvix|
eyLvix kix‡di GKwU weL¨vZ e¨vL¨v MÖš’ ÔKvkdzj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvixÕ Gi Abyev` Bìxwmqv
I‡qj‡dqvi Uªv÷, XvKv KZ©„K 32 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| G e¨vL¨v MÖš’wUi cÖ_g L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 434 c„ôve¨vwc
D³ MÖš’ I nv`x‡mi cÖv_wgK g~jbxwZ I f~wgKv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi c~Y©v½ mb` I
gZb niKZhy³ Aviex fvlvq D‡jøLc~e©K evsjv PjwZ ixwZ Abymi‡Y Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ mb‡ì
wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cwi‡”Q‡ì wk‡ivbvg Gi mv‡_ DwjøwLZ nv`x‡mi m¤úK© wb‡`©k
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G fvl¨MÖš’wU nvbvdx gvhnve wfwËK iwPZ; mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei gZvg‡Zi Dci
BbmvdwfwËK Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q e‡j MÖš’vKv‡ii `vex| cÖwZwU wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ g~j wKZv‡ei c„ôv
b¤î ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bgvg eyLvixi Dw³¸‡jv Avjv`vfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov cÖ‡qvRbxq
e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi c~e©vci †hvMm~Î D‡jøL, cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi ivexi mswÿß cwiwPwZ,
ZiRgvZzj eve Z_v wk‡ivbvg mycÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ G msµvšÍ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `jxj Dc¯’vcb K‡i wePvi-
we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv‡M‡Q †h, evsjv fvlvq G hverKv‡j eyLvix kix‡di hZ¸‡jv
e¨vL¨v MÖš’ iwPZ wKsev Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ GwUB (32L‡Ð) me©e„nr|
66. e¨vL¨vMÖš’: bvmiæj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvix (13LÐ)
Abyev`K: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB, 2014 wLª.,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, Bmjvgx UvIqvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
ch©v‡jvPbv: weï×Zvi w`K †_‡K gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i mev©waK weï× MÖš’ n‡”Q mnxn Avj-eyLvix|
eyLvix kix‡di GKwU weL¨vZ e¨vL¨v MÖš’ Ôbvmiæj evix kiû mnxwnj eyLvixÕ Gi Abyev` Avj-KvDmvi
cÖKvkbx, Bmjvgx UvIqvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100 KZ©„K 13 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq| G e¨vL¨v MÖš’wUi cÖ_g
LÐ evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi c~Y©v½ mb` I gZb Aviex fvlvq
D‡jøLc~e©Kevsjv PjwZ ixwZ Abymi‡Y ZiRgv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ mb‡ì wewfbœ w`K wb‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvhnve wfwËK cÖ‡kœvËi Avjv`v K‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_
g~j wKZv‡ei c„ôv b¤î ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bgvg eyLvixi Dw³¸‡jv Avjv`vfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
Qvov cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi c~e©vci †hvMm~Î D‡jøL, cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi ivexi mswÿß
cwiwPwZ, ZiRgvZzj eve Z_v wk‡ivbvg mycÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ G msµvšÍ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `jxj Dc¯’vcb K‡i
wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ •ewkó¨vewj mKj L‡Ði †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ_g LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 616, g~j¨: 990 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, Bmjvgx UvIqvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G‡Z wKZveyj Cgvb I
wKZveyj Bjg wk‡ivbv‡g 2wU Aa¨vq Gi Aaxb 95wU Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU (1-134) = 134wU nv`x‡mi mij
Abyev` I e¨vL¨v PwjZ evsjvq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 400, g~j¨: 700 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, Bmjvgx UvIqvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100| G‡Z wKZveyj †Mvmj,
IRy, Zvqv¤§yg I mvjvZ wk‡ivbv‡g 4wU Aa¨vq Gi Aaxb 192wU Aby‡”Q‡` †gvU (135-415)= 280wU
nv`x‡mi mij Abyev` I e¨vL¨v PwjZ evsjvq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z„Zxq LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 407, g~j¨: 790 UvKv|
G L‡Ði g‡a¨ mvjv‡Zi Iqv³ I Avhvb wk‡ivbv‡g 02wU Aa¨vq, 229wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 416 bs †_‡K
774 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 358 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †m¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
PZy_© LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx| c„ôv msL¨v: 456, g~j¨: 790
UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ mvjvZyj RygÔAv, C`vBb, weZi, BmwZmKv, Rvbvhv BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g 12wU Aa¨vq,
329wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 775 bs †_‡K 1258 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 483 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³
nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
192
cÂg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 544, g~j¨: 750
UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ hvKvZ, gvbvwmK, Igivn, †ivhv I BÔwZKvd wk‡ivbv‡g 05wU Aa¨vq, 412wU Aby‡”Qi
AšÍM©Z 1259 bs †_‡K 1927 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 668 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ
ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 608, g~j¨: 850 UvKv|
G L‡Ði g‡a¨ µq-weµq, AwMÖg †ePv‡Kbv, BRviv, ïdÔAv, nvIqvjv, gymvKvZ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g 22wU
Aa¨vq, 481wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 1928 bs †_‡K 2601bs ch©šÍ †gvU 673 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³
mßg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 792, g~j¨: 820
UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wRnv`, wRwhqv, m„wói m~Pbv, bex-ivm~j I dvhv‡qj wk‡ivbv‡g 05wU Aa¨vq, 424wU
Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 2602 bs †_‡K 3682 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1080 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv
PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
Aóg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv` I BKevj †nv‡mb, c„ôv msL¨v: 630, g~j¨: 990
UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ Ôhy×Õ wk‡ivbv‡g 01wU Aa¨v‡q 662 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ
ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
beg LÐ: Abyev`K: iwk`yj nK, c„ôv msL¨v: 752, g~j¨: 900 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ ÔZvdmxiÕ wk‡ivbv‡g
01wU Aa¨v‡q 503 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|
`kg LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb I gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, c„ôv msL¨v: 868, g~j¨: 990 UvKv|
G L‡Ði g‡a¨ weevn, ZvjvK, fiY-‡cvlY, Avnvi, AvKxKv dvhv‡qjyj KziAvb wk‡ivbv‡g 11wU Aa¨vq,
458wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 4644 bs †_‡K 5393 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 749 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³
GKv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, c„ôv msL¨v: 520, g~j¨: 800 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ wjevm,
Avè, AbygwZ PvIqv, †`vqv, †Kvgj nIqv, ZvK`xi wk‡ivbv‡g 07wU Aa¨vq, 421wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z
5394 bs †_‡K 6194 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 800 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ ixwZ‡Z
Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
Øv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, c„ôv msL¨v: 399, g~j¨: 700 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ kc_,
gvbZ, kc‡_i Kvd&dviv, DËivaxKvi, û`y`, i³cY, K~U‡K․kj, ¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v, wdrbv wk‡ivbv‡g 10wU
Aa¨vq, 259wU Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 6195 bs †_‡K 6617 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 422 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³
Î‡qv`k LÐ: Abyev`K: gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, c„ôv msL¨v: 360, g~j¨: 450 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨
AvnKvg, AvKvsL¨v, Le‡i Iqvwn`, KziAvb mybœvn my`„pfv‡e aviY Kiv wk‡ivbv‡g 05wU Aa¨vq, 115wU
Aby‡”Qi AšÍM©Z 6618 bs †_‡K 7073 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 455 Lvbv nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D³ nv`xm¸‡jv PjwZ
ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g bvmiæj evix ki‡n eyLvixi Abyev` mgvß n‡q‡Q|
67. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: bvmiæj evix ki‡n eyLvix (9g LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv ‡bvgvb Avngv`, cÖKvk Kvj: Rvbyqvwi,2000 wLª., 9g LÐ, cÖKvk¯’vb: wkejx cÖKvkbx,
evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
68. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: bvmiæj evix ki‡n eyLvix (2q LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv gvKmy` Avngv`, cÖKvk Kvj: Rvbyqvwi 2011 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v: 336, 2q LÐ, cÖKvk¯’vb: gvngy`xqv jvB‡eªwi,evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
69. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: bvmiæj evix ki‡n eyLvix (5g LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmwÏK, cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB,2016 wLª., 5g
LÐ, cÖKvk¯’vb: Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| G QvovI eZ©gv‡b 7g I 9g LÐ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
193
D‡jøL¨, Ôbvmiæj evix ki‡n eyLvixÕ MÖš’wU 13 L‡Ð c~Y©v½fv‡e Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx cÖKvk K‡i| wKš‘
Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, gvngy`xqv jvB‡eªwi I wkejx cÖKvkbx evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡KI GK LÐ K‡i cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| ZvB †m¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e D¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv bv|
70. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: Kvkdzj evix Av¤§v wd mnxwnj eyLvix (32LÐ)
fvl¨Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv mvwjgyjøvn (in.), Abyev`K: gvIjvbv Kvgiæj Bmjvg Kvgvj(cÖ_g LÐ),
cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB, 2018wLª.(cÖ_g LÐ), c„ôv msL¨v: 480, g~j¨: 640 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gv`vbx KzZze
Lvbv, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv: mnxn eyLvixi me©Rb mgv`„Z fvl¨MÖš’ ÔKvkdzj evix Av¤§v wd mnxwnj eyLvixÕ D`~© fvlvq kvqLyj
nv`xm gvIjvbv mvwjgyjøvn (in.) KZ…©K iwPZ gvIjvbv Kvgiæj Bmjvg Kvgvj I Ab¨vb¨ KZ©„K PwjZ
evsjvq Ab~w`Z hv gv`vbx KzZze Lvbv, XvKv †_‡K 32 L‡Ð cÖKvkvaxb i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ BwZg‡a¨ 21 LÐ
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨vejxi g‡a¨ KwVb k‡ãi we‡kølY; cÖ‡qvR‡b ZviKxe D‡jøL, nv`x‡m
eëüZ k‡ãi wewfbœ mvejxj A‡_©i eënvi; ZiRygvZzj ev‡ei g~j D‡Ï‡kï M‡elYvg~jK wek` weeiY;
nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi ch©v‡jvPbv I wewfbœ gZvgZ D‡jøL; cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi c~e©vci m¤úK© wbY©q; gZ‣ewPÎc~Y©
gvmvB‡j nvbvdx I Ab¨vb¨ gvhnv‡ei `jxj ch©v‡jvPbvi c‡i nvbvdx gZ‡K cÖvavb¨ `vb; DÌvwcZ `jx‡ji
ZvLixR K…Z; we‡klZ: eyLvixi ZvwjKvZ Gi ZvLwiR mwbœ‡ewkZ Ges mKj Av‡jvPbvq wbR¯^ M‡elYvjä
gZvgZ I Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi c~Y©v½ mb` I gZb niKZhy³
Aviex fvlvq D‡jøLc~e©K evsjv PjwZ ixwZ Abymi‡Y Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ mb‡ì wewfbœ w`K wb‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv Qvov cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, ivexi mswÿß cwiwPwZ,
ZiRgvZzj eve Z_v wk‡ivbvg mycÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ G msµvšÍ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi `jxj Dc¯’vcb K‡i wePvi-
we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU L‡Ði GKB ‣ewkó¨ we`¨gvb| ...
GKzkZg LÐ: fvl¨Kvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv mvwjgyjøvn (in.), Abyev`K: gydZx gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb,
cÖKvk Kvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2020wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 463, g~j¨: 750 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gv`vbx KzZze Lvbv, XvKv|
G L‡Ð wZbwU Aa¨v‡q wKZveyj BmwZhv‡b 53wU cwi‡”Q`, `vIqv‡Z 69wU Ges wiKv‡K 53wU cwi‡”Q‡ì
Aaxb (5873-6220)=347wU nv`xm Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, ceiZx© LÐ¸‡jv cÖKvkvaxb i‡q‡Q|
71. g~j MÖš’: wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (ZvnKxK K…Z) [6LÐ]
MÖš’Kvi : kvqL IqvjxDÏxb Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` web Avãyjøvn AvZ-wZeixRx (in.), ZvnKxK : kvqL
gynv¤§` bvwmi DwÏb Avjevbx (in.), e¨vL¨vKvi: kvqL DevB`yi ingvb Avj-gyeviKcyix (in.), Abyev`K:
kvqL †gvkviid ûmvBb AvK›` I Ab¨vb¨ 8Rb, m¤úv`bv : kvqLyj nv`xm Avãyj gvbœvb web wn`v‡qZzjøvn
(in.) I Ab¨vb¨ 10Rb, cÖKvk¯’vb: nv`xm GKv‡Wgx, eskvj, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU kvqL Devq`yi ingvb †gvevivKcyix (in.)iwPZ ÒwgiAvZzj gvdvZxnÓ
n‡Z mswÿß e¨vL¨v ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmi DwÏb Avjevbx (in.) KZ…©K ÒZvnKx‡K
wgkKvZÓ MÖš’ I Ab¨vb¨ ZvLwiR MÖ‡š’i mnvqZvq nv`x‡mi gvb (mnxn-hCd) wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU
`~e©j nv`x‡mi KviY eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wgkKvZ kix‡d D×…Z b¤^‡ii mv‡_ wgwj‡q nv`xm b¤î mshy³
Kivn‡q‡Q| G‡Z g~j Bevi‡Z niKZhy³ Ges Aviex cwifvlv I cÖwZeY©vqb wVK ivLv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-
bvgv‡hi ¯’‡j mvjvZ, mb‡ì cwie‡Z© mvbv` BZ¨vw`| G‡Z nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Y BLwZjvdx gvmv‡q‡ji
†ÿ‡Î mvjvdx gZev`‡K cÖvavb¨ †Ìqvi cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv‡M‡Q | G Qvov mKj L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Bjwg
nv`x‡mi KwZcq cwifvlv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ •ewkó¨vewj mKj L‡Ði †ÿ‡Î mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB-2013 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 605, g~j¨: 720 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 4wU Aa¨vq
Z_v wKZveyj Cgvb, wKZveyj Bjg, wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ I wKZveym mvjv‡Zi Zvkvû‡ì g‡a¨ `yÔAv ch©šÍ
†gvU 17wU cwi‡”Q` hv G‡Z Aa¨v‡qi wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bvn‡q‡Q| G‡Z 01 bs †_‡K 958 bs ch©šÍ †gvU
958wU nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
194
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: RyjvB-2014 wLª., 4_© cÖKvk-Rvby,2020 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 741, g~j¨: 890 UvKv|
G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 3wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj mvjv‡Zi evwK Ask Z_v mvjv‡Zi c‡i `yAv whKi-AvhKvi †_‡K ïiæ
K‡i So-Zzdv‡bi mgq mvjvZ; Rvbvhv Aa¨v‡q †ivMx †`Lv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Kei whqviZ Ges hvKvZ Aa¨v‡q
hvKvZ‡hvM¨ m¤ú` †_‡K `vb †diZ MÖnY bv Kivi eY©bv ch©šÍ (35+8+9)= 52wU Aby‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 959
bs †_‡K 1955 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 996 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: gvP©, 2015 wLª., 4_© cÖKvk-A‡±vei, 2020 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 721, g~j¨: 840
UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 6wU Aa¨vq Z_v wKZveyj wKZveym& mvIg, wKZvey dvhvwqwjj KziAvb, wKZveyZ
`vIqvZ, wKZvey AvmgvBjøvn ZvÔqvjv I wKZveyj n‡¾i AšÍM©Z 34wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb 1956 bs †_‡K
2758 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 802 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: b‡f¤î, 2016 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 920, g~j¨: 950 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 8wU Aa¨vq Z_v
wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wbKvn, BZvK, Kmg, wKmvm, û`y`, BgvivZ Iqvj Kvhv I wRnv‡ì AšÍM©Z 65wU Aby‡”Q‡ì
Aaxb 2759 bs †_‡K 4063 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1304 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: gvP©, 2018 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 721, g~j¨: 850 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 7wU Aa¨vq
Z_v wKZveym mB` (cï-cvwL wkKvi), wKZveyj RvevB‡n, wKZveyj AvZBgvn (cvbvnvi), wKZveyj wjevm
(†cvkvK-cwi”Q`), wKZveyZ Zxe (wPwKrmv), wKZveyZ ZvÔexi (¯^‡cœi e¨vL¨v) I wKZveyj Av`ve (wkóvPvi
ce©) Gi AšÍM©Z 36wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb 4064 bs †_‡K 5154 bs ch©šÍ †gvU 1090 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ
evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: cÖKvk Kvj: ‡deªæqvix,2021 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 942, g~j¨: 950 UvKv| G L‡Ði g‡a¨ 5wU Aa¨vq
Z_v wKZveyi wiKvK (ü`q Mjv‡bv Dc‡`k), wKZveyj wdZvb (wdZbv-wek„•Ljv), AvnIqvjyj wKqvgvn,
dv`vBj, kvgvBj I gvbwKe Gi AšÍM©Z 48wU Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb 5155 bs †_‡K 6294 bs ch©šÍ †gvU
1139 Lvbv nv`xm PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| G L‡Ði gva¨‡g wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (ZvnKxK
K…Z) Gi Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
72. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: ì‡m wZiwghx
e¨vL¨vKvi: kvqLyj Bmjvg Avjøvgv ZvKx Dmgvbx, Abyev`: gydwZ wgRvbyi ingvb, cÖKvkKvj: AvMó,2016
wLª., cÖKvk¯’vb : Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, Bmjvgx UvIqvi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv-1100|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv: kvqLyj Bmjvg Avjøvgv ZvKx Dmgvbx KZ©„K D`©~ fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ Ôì‡m
wZiwghxÕ nv`xm MÖš’wU gydwZ wgRvbyi ingvb KZ©„K PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z Ges Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, evsjv
evRvi, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v cÖkœwfwËK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vwcZ
n‡q‡Q| G Qvov nv`x‡mi mb`, kv‡b Diƒ`, mswÿß iex cwiwPwZ, ZvLwiR I mb‡ì ¯Íi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
we‡klZ: weZwK©Z ivexi I mb‡ì gvb wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi AvIZvq mswkøó welq
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| my›ì web¨vm I PgrKvi Dc¯’vcbvq MÖš’wU cvVKgn‡ji `„wó
AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 634, g~j¨: 660 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z Dj~g~j nv`xm cÖm‡½ I Bgvg wZiwghxi
(in.) Rxebx wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci RvwgÔwZiwghx‡Z ewY©Z cweÎZv I bvgvR cÖm‡½ 02
wU Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z 1 b¤î †_‡K 245 b¤î ch©šÍ †gvU 245 Lvbv nv`x‡mi mb` I nvivKvZhy³ Aviex
gZ‡bi e½vbyev` I e¨vL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
w`¦Zxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 624wU, g~j¨: 660 UvKv| QqwU c~Y©v½ Ges mvjvZ Aa¨v‡qi AvswkK wb‡q G LÐwU
iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mvjvZ, hvKvZ, mvIg BZ¨vw` Aa¨v‡q 246 b¤î †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 769 b¤î ch©šÍ
523wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 464 wU , g~j¨ : 520 UvKv| cvuPwU c~Y©v½ Aa¨vq wb‡q G LÐwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
n¾, Rvbvhv, weevn, wkïi `yM× cvb, ZvjvK I wjqvb m¤úwK©Z Aa¨v‡q 770 b¤î †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 1156
b¤î ch©šÍ 386wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
195
PZz_©-cÂg LÐ GK‡Î: c„ôv msL¨v: 536 wU, g~j¨: 540 UvKv| GMv‡ivwU c~Y©v½ Aa¨vq wb‡q G LÐwU iwPZ
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z †ePv‡Kbv, wePvidvqmvjv, w`qvZ, `Ðwewa, wkKvi, KzievYx, gvbZ I Kmg, ivm~j (mv.)
†_‡K wgivR ce©, wRnv` I †cvkvK-cwi”Q` m¤úwK©Z Aa¨v‡q 1157 b¤î †_‡K ïiæ K‡i 1742 b¤î ch©šÍ
585wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
73. wgkKvZyj gvmvwen (11 LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi: kvqL IqvjxDÏxb Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` web Avãyjøvn AvZ-wZeixRx (in.), ZvnKxK : kvqL
Rvgvj AvBZvbx, Abyev`K-e¨vL¨vKvi: gydZx gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb I gydwZ dLiæj Bmjvg dqmvj,
m¤úv`K: kvqL gvIjvbv †dviKvb Av‡bvqvix I Ab¨vb¨ cvuP Rb; cÖKvkKvj: †g,2017 wLª., cÖKvk¯’vb :
gv`vbx KzZzeLvbv, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv : Av‡jvP¨ ÒwgkKvZzj gvmvwenÓ (Aviwe-evsjv) MÖ‡š’i mKj nv`x‡mi ZvLwiR D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †ÿ‡Î cÖL¨vZ n`xmwekvi` kvqL Rvgvj AvBZvbxi ZvnKxK Abym„Z n‡q‡Q| gyKvÏvgvZzk
kvqL Gi mswkøó Av‡jvPbvq gydwZ Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.) cÖYxZ ÒZvÔwjKzj eviKvZxÓ I ÒnvkxqvZzm
mv`xÓ AbymiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| k³ I `y‡e©va¨ Aviex kãvejxi h_vh_ we‡kølY; mswkøó nv`xm †_‡K DrmvwiZ
gvmAvjv I cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z bZzb wk‡ivbvg ms‡hvRb Ges nv`xm e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î Avjøvgv †gvjøv
Avjx Kvix (in.) Gi ÒwgiKvZzj gvdvZxnÓ, ÒAvZ-ZvÔwjKzm mvwenÓ I Ab¨vb¨ fvl¨MÖš’ n‡Z mswÿß
e¨vL¨v ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov gZ‡f`c~Y© gvmAvjvq cÖgvYmn BgvgM‡Yi gZvg D‡jøL Ges cÖvavb¨cÖvß
gvhnv‡ei gZvgZ `jxjcÖgvYmn ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì Rxebe„ËvšÍ ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| 11 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ G wel‡q me©‡kl Z_¨wbf©ifvl¨, AvaywbK wWRvBb, DbœZ evavB, SKS‡K Qvcvq
my‡kvfv gwÐZ, `„wó b›`b I wPËvKl©K MÖš’wU mwZ¨B Abb¨ mvaviY|
cÖ_g LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 443, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ði ïiæ‡Z 155 c„ôve¨vcx nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm,
AZtci 52 c„ôve¨vcx gyKvÏvgZzk kvqL, Zvic‡i wKZveyj Cgv‡bi AvswkK Z_v cvuPwU Aa¨v‡qi 15wU
cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 186wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 408, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj Bjg, ZvnvivZ, Bjg G 3wU wKZv‡ei
(Aa¨vq) 24wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 75wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (187-731)= 544wU nv`x‡mi
PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 456, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveym mvjvZ ev bvgv‡hi ci `yÔAv Kvjvg n‡Z
SoZzdvb I †gNe„wóKvjxb KiYxq ch©šÍ 44wU eve (cwi‡”Q`) Ges 120wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z
(734-1436)= 702wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 382, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyh RvbvBh, hvKvZ I mvIg Gi Aaxb 28wU
eve (cwi‡”Q`) Ges 78wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (1437-2006)= 569wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq
Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 398, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð †KviAv‡bi gwngv ce© †_‡K nR¡ ce©-Gi Aaxb
29wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 87wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (2007-2637)= 630wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ
evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
lô LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 415, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj eyq~Ô(eëmv-evwYR¨) I wbKvn (weevn) Aaxb
27wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 88wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (2639-3064)= 425wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ
evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
mßg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 42, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj BZvK ev `vm gy³ Kiv ce© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
wRnv` c‡e©i Aaxb 33wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 92wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (3065-3613)= 548wU
nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
196
Aóg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 440 g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj wRnv` Z_v hy‡×i mvR-miÄv‡gi cÖ¯‘wZ ce©
†_‡K †cvkvK-cwi”Q` c‡e©i Aaxb 26wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 77wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (3614-
4314)= 700wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
beg LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 455, g~j¨: 580 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyZ wZeŸ Iqvi iæKv Z_v wPwKrmv I SvidzK
†_‡K wkóvPvi ce© ch©šÍ 25wU eve (cwi‡”Q`)Ges 75wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (4315-4927)=
612wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
`kg LÐ: cÖKvkKvj: b‡f¤î, 2017 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 399, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyi wiKvK Z_v
AšÍi weMwjZ ce© †_‡K m„wói m~Pbv c‡e©i Aaxb 26wU eve (cwi‡”Q`) Ges 77wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi
AšÍM©Z (4928-5492)= 564wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
11k LÐ: c„ôv msL¨v: 440, g~j¨: 520 UvKv| G L‡Ð wKZveyj d`vBj, Iqvk kvgvBj I Avj-gvbvwKe Gi
Aaxb 24wU eve (cwi‡”Q`) Ges 70wU dmj (Aby‡”Q`) Gi AšÍM©Z (5493-6034)= 541wU nv`x‡mi
PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G LÐ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g c~Y© wgkKvZzj gvmvwen Gi evsjv
Abyev` I e¨vL¨vi KvR mgvß nq|
74. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: Kvkdzj gyjwng wd ki‡n mnxn gymwjg (15LÐ)
msKjK I fvl¨Kvi: gydwZ gynv¤§` kvgmyj nK, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb-2021wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 400, g~j¨: 920
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gv`vbx KzZze Lvbv, XvKv| GwU Bgvg beexi (in.) Ôkiûb beexÕ, Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb
wmwÜi ÔnvwkqvZzm wmwÜÕ gvIjvbv mvweŸi Avngv` Imgvbxi ÔZvKwgjvZz dvZwnj gyjwngÕ Abymi‡Y D³
fvl¨ MÖš’wU msKwjZ| G‡Z Bjgyj nv`xm mswkøó gyLeÜ, g~j Aviex cvV ms‡hvRb, PwjZ evsjvq cÖvÄj I
mvejxj Abyev`, RwUj kã we‡kølY, ivwe PwiZ eY©bv, BLwZjvwd gvmvB‡j mgš^q mvab, cÖ‡qvRbxq UxKv
I AvaywbK gvmv‡qj I mgm¨vi mgvavb cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g L‡Ð Dm~jyj nv`xm I gyKvÏvgy gymwjg
m¤ú‡K© wek` Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: msKjK I fvl¨Kvi: gydwZ gynv¤§` kvgmyj nK, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb-2021wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 488,
g~j¨: 1100 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: gv`vbx KzZze Lvbv, XvKv| G‡Z wKZveyj Cgvb cÖm‡½ Cgv‡bi wewfbœw`K
wb‡q (94-314)= 220wU nv`x‡mi PwjZ evsjvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| evKx¸‡jv cÖKvkvaxb i‡q‡Q|
75. e¨vL¨v MÖš’: wgbœvZzj evix wd kin mnxnnxj eyLvix
msKjK I fvl¨Kvi: Avãyjøvn web Avãyi iv¾vK, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb-2021wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 367, g~j¨: 250
UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: wbeivm cÖKvkbx| weï×Zvi w`K †_‡K gnvMÖš’ Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i mev©waK weï× MÖš’
n‡”Q mnxn Avj-eyLvix| eyLvix kix‡di GKwU fvl¨ MÖš’ ÔwgbœvZzj evix kin mnxwnj eyLvixÕ| G‡Z Bgvg
eyLvixi (in.) Gi Rxebx cÖgvYmn wjwLZ n‡q‡Q| AZci Zvi iwPZ Ômnxûj eyLvixi cwiPq, ‣ewkó¨
BZ¨vw` bvbv w`‡Ki ch©v‡jvPbv, we‡klZ: kvqL gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.) KZ©„©K eyLvix kix‡di
10/12wU nv`x‡mi hCd nIqvi e¨vcv‡i †h gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv †h․w³KZvi wbwi‡L
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Rvin-ZvÔ`x‡ji e¨vcv‡i Av‡jvPbv ‡ck Kiv n‡q‡Q|
me©‡kl fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki KwZcq gynvwÏ‡mi Rxebe„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, G Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ, msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| D³ we‡køl‡Y evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ 79wU, Ab~w`Z 123wU, e¨vL¨vg~jK 14wUmn
†gvU 216wU nv`xm welqK MÖ‡š’i AbymÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q Ges †m¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbvi AvIZvq G‡m‡Q| D‡jøL¨
†h, hyM wefvR‡bi `kK we‡ePbvq cÂv‡ki `k‡K 14wU, lv‡Ui `k‡K 21wU, mËz‡ii `k‡K 15wU, Avwki
`k‡K 30wU, beŸBi `k‡K 33wU, `yB nvRvi †_‡K `yB nvRvi `k ch©šÍ 37wU, `yB nvRvi `k †_‡K eZ©gvb
ch©šÍ 75wU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm welqK MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi gvb wbY©q, ï×vïw× hvPvB-evQvB wbf©i
K‡i Dm~jj nv`xm I wiRvjkv‡¯¿i wba©vwiZ gvb`‡Ði Dci| d‡j eZ©gvb M‡elYvi cieZx© (cÂg) Aa¨v‡q
evsjv fvlvq D³ wel‡q iwPZ, msKwjZ I Ab~w`Z MÖš’ivwR chv©‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e|
197
evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©v
cÂg Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq
Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©v
198
cÂg Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©v
nv`x‡mi ï×vïw× AewMZi Rb¨ Dm~jyj nv`xm (nv`xmkv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ) I wiRvjkv¯¿ (nv`xm eY©bvKvix
e¨w³e‡M©i Rxebv‡jL¨) PPv©i †Kvb weKí †bB| evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ wel‡q K‡qKwU
MÖš’ I M‡elYv Awfm›`‡f©i mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| GB Aa¨v‡q Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, DrcwË-weKvk Ges
wiRvjkv‡¯¿i cwiPq, DrcwË-weKvk; evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©vi weKvk aviv Ges evsjv
fvlvq cÖYxZ GZ`& welqK cÖwm× MÖš’vejxi •ewkó¨ wePvi cÖm‡½ ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡e|
5.1 Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i weï×Zv wePv‡i Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ mxgvnxb| Dm~jyj nv`xm n‡jv nv`x‡mi ï×vïw× wbY©‡qi
wfwË I bxwZgvjv| Dm~j (‫ )اصول‬kãwU (‫ )اصم‬k‡ãi eûePb| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”Q-
K. ‫ اساسه الذى يقوم عليه و منشؤه الذى ينبت منه‬A_v©r †Kvb e¯‘i wfwË hvi Dci Zv cÖwZôv jvf K‡i
Ges †Kvb e¯‘i DrcwË¯’j hvi †_‡K Zv Drcbœ nq|1
L. Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ‫ ما يثتىى عهيً غيري‬A_©vr e¯‘i Ggb wfwË, hvi Dci Zv cÖwZwôZ nq|2
M. ‫ اصول العلوم قواعدها التى تبنى عليها االحكام‬A_©vr †Kv‡bv kv‡¯¿i Dm~j ej‡Z, †m kv‡¯¿i Ggb
wKQz wbqg-bxwZgvjv‡K eySvq hvi Dci Acivci (AvnKvg) wewa-weavb wbf©i K‡i|3
N. G QvovI wbqg-Kvbyb, c×wZ, ixwZ-bxwZ BZ¨vw` A‡_© Zv eënvi nq|
Avi nv`xm n‡”Q, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi evYx, Kg©, Aby‡gv`b BZ¨vw`| A_©vr †h mKj g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K
nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡bi ï×vïw× hvPvB-evQvB Kiv nq ZvB Dm~jyj nv`xm| †h‡nZz Dm~‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i
nv`x‡mi weï×Zv cÖwZôv cvq ZvB ÒDm~jyj nv`xmÓ G kv‡¯¿i bvgKiY m¦v_©K n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G kv¯¿‡K
Bjgy` wìvBqvn I Bjgy gymZvjvûj nv`xm bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|4 cwifvlvq, ‫هو علم بقوانين يعرف بها‬
‫ احوال السند والمتن‬A_©vr †h g~jbxwZi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv hvq, Zv‡K
Bjgy` wìvBqvn ev Dm~jyj nv`xm ejv nq|5 nv`x‡mi mZ¨Zv hvPvB-evQvB, cixÿv-wbixÿv, †kÖwYweb¨vm,
¸iæ‡Z¡i ZviZg¨ eY©bvKvix‡ì kZ©vejx, eY©bvi aib BZ¨vw` welq wb‡q nv`xm weÁvbxMY †h mKj wbqg,
c×wZ I g~jbxwZ wba©viY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡K Dm~jyj nv`xm e‡j| 6 nv`xm eY©bvi avivevwnKZv I nv`x‡mi
g~jfve I fvl¨ G AwfÁv‡b Av‡jvwPZ n‡q _v‡K| G cÖm‡½ Beb RygvÔAv e‡jb, G kv‡¯¿i Av‡jvP¨ welq
n‡”Q, mb` I gZb|7 `~e©j I Rvj nv`xm †_‡K mnxn nv`xm‡K c„_KxKiYB G kv‡¯¿i g~j jÿ¨| G cÖm‡½
Beb RygvÔAv e‡jb, mnxn nv`xm‡K Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm †_‡K c„_Kfv‡e RvbvB n‡jv G AwfÁv‡bi D‡Ïk¨| 8
1 W. Beªvnxg Avwbm I Ab¨vb¨, Avj-gyÔRvgyj IqvwmZ, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj nv`xm, 2q ms¯‥iY, Zv.we, c„. 20
2 Avngv` †gvjøv wRIb (in.), b~iæj Av‡bvqvi, †Ìe›`: Avkivdx eyK, Zv.we, c„. 4
3 W. Beªvnxg Avwbm I Ab¨vb¨, cÖv¸³, c„. 20
4 W. myenx Avj-mvwjn, cÖv¸³, c„. 108; hvdi Avng` Dmgvbx, KvIqvwq` dx Dj~wgj nv`xQ, KivPx: B`vivZzj KziAvb, Zv.we. c„. 18;
gIjvbv wkeŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) e‡jb, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Bjgy` wìvBqvn I Dm~jyj nv`xm `ywU welq GKB, G `ywUi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv
cv_©K¨ †bB| gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv (in.) G gZ‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †KD †KD G‡Z wØgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì e³e¨ n‡jv-
nv`xm †_‡K AvnKvg wbM©Z Kiv Bjgy` wìvBqvn Gi Ask; Avi Dm~jyj nv`x‡m AvnKvg wbM©Z m¤úwK©Z †Kvb wel‡q †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbv
Kiv nq bv| [ZvKx Dmgvbx, ì‡m wZiwghx, †Ìe›`: AvbIqvi eyK †UªWvm©, Zv.we., L. 1, c„. 24]
5 Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myqyZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 41
6 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, gxhvbyj AvLevi, XvKv: AvivdvZ cvewj‡KkÝ, 1984 wLª. c„.06
7 Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myqyZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 41
8 cÖv¸³
199
5.2 Dmyj~j nv`x‡mi DrcwË I weKvk

gnvbex (mv.) Gi Av‡`k-Dc‡`k, Drmvn-Aby‡cÖiYvq mvnvexMY nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq Mfxifv‡e AvZ¥wb‡qvM
K‡ib| Gi cÖgvY n‡”Q, ivm~j (mv.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci mvnvevMY wbR wbR AÂ‡j Ae¯’vb K‡ibwb; eis
Zvuiv we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ Z_v g°v, g`xbv, emiv, Kzdv, kvg, wgmi, Bqvgvb, Lyivmvb cÖf…wZ AÂ‡j Qwo‡q
c‡ob Ges Z_vq gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡i KziAvb-nv`xm wkÿv`v‡b wb‡R‡ì‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|
wnRix cÖ_g kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M we‡kl K‡i Z…Zxq Lwjdv nhiZ Imgvb (iv.) Gi kvnv`vZ ei‡Yi ci
gymwjg‡ì HK¨ I msnwZ webó nq| AZtci nhiZ Avjx (iv.) wLjvd‡Z AwawôZ n‡j Imgvb (iv) Gi
kvnv`vZ‡K †K›`ª K‡i gymjgvb‡ì g‡a¨ ivR‣bwZK I ag©xq A½‡b Pig Aw¯’iZv weivR K‡i| nhiZ
Avjx I gyAvweqvi (iv.) g‡a¨ gZ‡f` cÖKU n‡q DV‡j 36 wnRix‡Z wmdwdb cÖvšÍ‡i åvZ…NvZx GK mgi
msNwUZ nq| G hy‡×i mwÜm~Î wb‡q Avjx (iv.) Gi mg_©K‡ì gv‡S gvivZ¥K gZ‡f` †`Lv †`q| KwZcq
†jvK mwÜ‡K †g‡b wb‡Z Am¦xK…wZ Rvwb‡q wb‡R‡ì‡K ÔLvwiRxÕ bvg w`‡q GK bZzb Dc`j wn‡m‡e cwiPq
†`q| cieZ©x‡Z wkqv, gyiwRqv, Kv`wiqv, Rvewiqv BZ¨vw` G‡Ki ci GK Dc`‡ji D™¢e n‡Z _v‡K|
Gfv‡e gymwjg mgvR wewfbœ `j-Dc`‡j wef³ n‡q c‡o| Avi Gme `j-Dc`‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zv‡ì `jxq
gZv`k©‡K cÖvavb¨ Ges e¨w³¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ Rvj nv`xm iPbvq wjß nq| Gfv‡e nv`xm kv‡¯¿i
g‡a¨ Rvj nv`x‡mi AbycÖ‡ek NU‡Z ïiæ K‡i|9
¯^v_©v‡š^lx wewfbœ `j-Dc`j I weåvšÍ wdiKvi †m”QvPvix‡ì †`․iv‡Z¥¨ ev‡bvqvU nv`xm e¨vcK nv‡i cÖmvi
jvf K‡i| djZ: cÖK…Z mZ¨ I mnxn nv`xm wPwýZ Kiv `yiƒn n‡q c‡o| ïay wkqv, LvwiRx I ivwdhx
gZv`k©x bq eis A‡bK wg_y¨K MíKv‡ii wKm&mv-Kvwnbx I Amvi-Ag~jK eY©bv‡K †jvKmgv‡R ivm~‡ji
nv`xm e‡j cÖPvi Ki‡Zv| Kvi‡Y hy‡Mi m‡PZb I we`» gbxlxMY G‡ì cÖwZ‡iva Kiv AZ¨vek¨K g‡b
K‡i ‡h Kv‡iv †_‡K nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Z RbMY‡K wbiærmvwnZ K‡ib Ges wb‡RivI †h †KD nv`xm ej‡jB
wek¦vm Ki‡Zb bv; eis Zvi †_‡K eY©bv m~Î I Z_¨ hvPvB Kivi gva¨‡g cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i wb‡Zb| G
cÖm‡½ weL¨vZ gynvwÏm, Zv‡eC gynv¤§` Beb wmixb (in.) [g„.110wn.] e‡jb,
‫ان هذا العلم دين فانظروا عمن تأخذون دينكم‬
ÒG kv¯¿ (Bjg nv`xm) n‡jv Øxb, myZivs †Zvgiv Kvi KvQ †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì Øxb MÖnY Ki‡Qv Zv hvPvB
evQvB K‡i bvI|Ó10 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb:
‫لم يكونوا يسئلون عن االسناد فلما وقعت الفتنة قالوا سموا لنا رجالكم فينظر الى اهل السنة فيؤخذ حديثهم و ينظر الى‬
‫اهل البدع فال يؤخذ حديثهم‬
A_©vr ÒgynvwÏmMY (BZtc~‡e©) nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì wel‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡Zb bv, wKš‘ hLb wdZbv AvcwZZ
n‡jv, (‡jv‡Kiv nv`x‡mi bv‡g wg_¨v ev‡bvqvU K_v cÖPvi Ki‡Zv) ZLb Zvuiv nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì ej‡Zb,
mb` eY©bv Kiæb hv‡Z Avgiv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`L‡Z cvwi †h, wZwb Avnjym mybœvn Gi gZv`‡k© wek¦vmx
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e¨w³ wK-bv; hw` nq Z‡e Zvui nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡ev| Avevi wZwb hw` we`ÕAvZcš’x Awbf©i‡hvM¨
e¨w³ nb Z‡e Zvi nv`xm eR©b Ki‡ev|Ó11 weL¨vZ Zv‡eC ZvDm‡K (in.) myjvqgvb Beb gymv GKevi
wRÁvmv K‡ib †h, ‫ ان كان صاحبك مليا فخذ عنه‬:‫ قال‬،‫ حدثنى فالن كيت و كيت‬A_©vr ÒAgyK e¨w³ Avgv‡K G
wel‡q H wel‡q nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (Avwg wK Zvui nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡ev?), DË‡i wZwb e‡jb, hw` †Zvgvi
†m mv_x wek¦¯Í I wbf©i‡hvM¨ nq Zvn‡j Zvui nv`xm MÖnY K‡iv|Ó12 G mKj eY©bvi gva¨‡g eySv hvq †h, †m
9 W. Av¾vR Avj-LZxe, cÖv¸³, c„.323

10 Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg (gyKvwÏgv), wiqv`: `viæZ ZvBevn, 2006wLª., L. 1, c„. 8
11 cÖv¸³
12 cÖv¸³
200
hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY nv`xm eY©bv I MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤^b K‡iwQ‡jb| G mgq wg_¨v
ev‡bvqvU I Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gynvwÏmMY hyMcr wm×všÍI MÖnY K‡ib| 13 mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvuiv ivm~j (mv.)
Gi mnxn nv`xmmg~n MÖš’vKv‡i msKj‡bi Zxeª cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| Bmjv‡gi cÂg Lwjdv bv‡g
L¨vZ nhiZ Igi Beb Avãyj Avhxh (in.) miKvwifv‡e wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡ki Mfb©i‡ì wbKU nv`xm msMÖ‡ni
R‡b¨ ivóªxqfv‡e digvb Rvwi K‡ib| G D‡`¨v‡Mi d‡j e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi cÖwµqv cÖv_wgKfv‡e
M„nxZ nq| RvwjqvZ‡ì AcZrciZvq nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g‡a¨ †h welv³ Kvwjgvi †Qvqv ¯úk© K‡iwQj Zv
†_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ nv`xm wekvi`MY wbijm cÖ‡Póv, K‡Vvi cwikÖg I AeY©bxq Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii gva¨‡g
jÿ jÿ nv`xm msMÖn K‡i MÖš’e× K‡ib| Zvuiv nv`xm msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ mdi K‡i‡Qb †`k-‡`kvšÍi, P‡l
†ewo‡q‡Qb cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡ji kZ-mn¯ª gvBj `yM©gwMwi, Rj-¯’j, giæ-‡g‡Vv c_| Zvuiv nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì
bvg, jKe (Dcvax), KzwbqvZ (Dcbvg), Rb¥-g„Zz¨ mb, wkÿv, D¯Ív`-wkÿv_©x‡ì e¨w³Z¡-PwiÎ wb‡g©vn-
wbi‡cÿ mgv‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wek¦¯Í ivex‡ì wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ ÔBjgyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÕ bv‡g
mgv‡jvPbv weÁvb Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib; hv Dm~jyj nv`x‡miB Ab¨Zg GKwU kvLv| e¯‘Z Áv‡bi G kvLvwUi g~j
wfwË n‡jv gnv MÖš’ Avj-KziAvb| G cÖm‡½ Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv msevw`‡Ki msev` hvPvB-evQvB K‡i Zv
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb|
...‫يايها الذين آمنوا ان جاء كم فاسق بنبأ فتبينوا‬
Ò‡n Cgvb`viMY! hw` †Zvgv‡ì wbKU †Kv‡bv dvwmK (cvwc) e¨w³ msev` wb‡q Av‡m Zvn‡j †Zvgiv Zv
hvPvB-evQvB K‡iv|Ó14 cÖL¨vZ ZvweC Beb wmixb (in.) mb‡ì wePvi we‡kølY e¨ZxZ nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb
bv| wZwb e‡jb, nv`xm eY©bvi mgq †Zvgiv ivexi bvg D‡jøL Ki‡e|15 ax‡i ax‡i G wel‡qi cwic°Zv
AwR©Z n‡Z _v‡K| Áv‡bi GB kvLvwU cÖ_g wZb kZvãx ch©šÍ AvwjgM‡Yi gy‡L gy‡L wewÿß Av‡jvP¨ welq
wn‡m‡e we`¨gvb wQj| wnRix PZz_© kZvãx‡Z G‡m AvwjgM‡Yi AwaK mZK©Zv I Mfxi AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g
mnxn, nvmvb, hCd, gIhyÔ I ÎæwUc~Y© nv`xm mg~‡ni g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiƒc‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ c~Y©v½ g~jbxwZ cÖYq‡b
Zvuiv m‡Pó nb| G kv¯¿wUB cieZx©‡Z ÒDj~gyj nv`xmÓ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i|
5.3 Dmyj~j nv`x‡mi µgweKvk: m~Pbv ce©

Dm~jyj nv`xm ev nv`xmkv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ MÖš’e× nIqvi c~e© chšÍ© G welqwU nv`xm‡eËv‡ì †g․wLK Av‡jvPbv-
ch©v‡jvPbvi g‡a¨B mxgve× wQj| Z‡e Bgvg kvwdCÔ (in.) [g„. 204 wn.] me©cÖ_g Zvi ÒwKZveyi wimvjvnÓ
MÖ‡š’ nv`x‡mi cwifvlv welqK AwfÁv‡bi Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb nv`xm mnxn nIqvi kZ©,
Lei Iqv‡n`‡K cÖgvY wn‡m‡e mve¨¯Í KiY, ivexi msiÿY ÿgZv I ¯§„wZi `~e©jZv, bexb-cÖexY ZvweCÔ‡ì
gyimvj nv`xm cÖm½, wiIqv‡qZ wej gvÔbv, gy`vwjøm ivexi nv`xm MÖnY, gybKvwZÔ I gyimvj nv`xm MÖn‡Yi
kZ©v‡ivc BZ¨vw` Dm~j (g~jbxwZ) msµvšÍ wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| 16 ZvB Áv‡bi GB kvLvq Bgvg
kvwdCÔ‡K (in.) cw_K…Z wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| AZtci Bgvg eyLvixi kvqL Avãyjøvn Beb hyevBi Avj-
ûgvB`x (in.) [g„. 219 wn.] wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K nv`xm eY©bvi weï×Zv hvPvB-evQvB‡qi c×wZ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i G kv‡¯¿ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|17
13 Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a eë¯’v: K) nv`xm RvjKvix‡ì g„Zÿ`Ð cÖ`vb; (†hgb-nvwim Beb Mvqjvb, gynv¤§` Beb mvC Avj-gvmj~e,
Avãyj Kixg Beb Avwe Avj AvIhv cÖg~L); L) mb` eY©bv Ki‡Z eva¨ KiY; M) mb` cixÿv KiY; N) eY©bvKvix †_‡K kc_ MÖnY;
O) eY©bKvix †_‡K mvÿ¨ Zje BZ¨vw` eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g mnxn nv`xm‡K Rvj nv`xm †_‡K c„_K Kivi D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡qwQj|
14 Avj-KziAvb, 49 :06
15 Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 11
16 Bgvg Avk-kvwdCÔ(in.), wKZveyi wimvjvn, m¤úv. Avngv` gynv¤§` kvwKi, wgmi: gvZevAvZzj evwe Avj-nvjvex, 1940wLª., c„. 57
17 Bgvg LZxe Avj-evM`v`x (in)., Avj-wKdv‡qZz wd Bjwgi wiIBqvn, g`xbv gybvIivn: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bjwgq¨vn, Zv.we, c„. 145
201
wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi MVb ce©

G kZvãx‡Z Bgvg Avjx Beb Avãyjøvn Avj-gv`vbx (in.) [g„.234 wn.]ÒDm~jym mybœvnÓ I Ògvhvwneyj
gynvwÏmxbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g `yÕLvbv g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G cÖm‡½ W. gy¯Ídv Avm-wmevqx Zvu‡K cÖ_g MÖš’
iPbvKvix wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡ib|18 AZtci Bgvg gymwjg Beb nv¾vR Avb-wbkvcyix (in.) [g„. 261 wn.]
Zvui msKwjZ mnxn gymwjg kix‡di gyKvÏvgvq (f~wgKvq) mswÿß cwim‡i ÔgymZvjvûj nv`xmÕ ev nv`x‡mi
cwifvlv mshy³ K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ wmKvn ivex †_‡K wiIqv‡q‡Zi Avek¨KZv, ivm~j (mv.) Gi Dci
wg_¨v‡ivcKvixi e¨vc‡i mZK©Zv, hv ïbv nq (hvPvB bv K‡i) ZvB eY©bv Kivi e¨vcv‡i wb‡lavÁv, `~e©j,
wg_¨vev`x, ÎæwUc~Y© ivexi ewY©Z nv`xm cÖm‡½, Avb (‫ )عه‬hy³ k‡ã ewY©Z nv`xm Øviv `jxj MÖnY weï× nIqv
cÖm½ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|19 mybvb cÖ‡YZv Bgvg Avey `vD` myjvBgvb Bebyj AvkAvÔm
Avm-wmwRmZvbx (in.) [g„.275 wn.] wZwb GKwU ÒwimvjvÓ cÖYqb K‡i Zv‡Z Zvui mybvb MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ eY©bv
K‡i g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ g°vi AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb Zvi mybvb MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ mswÿß cwim‡i
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi wKQz cwifvlv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xm mswÿß KiY, gyimvj nv`xm Øviv cÖgvY †ck
Kiv, gybKvi nv`xm I gyimvj nv`x‡mi weavb eY©bv BZ¨vw`|20 Gic‡i Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-
wZiwghx (in.) [g„.290 wn.] G wel‡q ÒAvj-Bjvjym mMxiÓ bv‡g mswÿß MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z mb`,
ivex, msiÿY ÿgZvi `~e©jZv, wiIqv‡qZ wej gvÔbv, Avwj‡gi wbKU nv`xm cvV, gybvIjv, BRvhv,
nvÏvmvbv I AvLevivbvi cv_©K¨, gyimvj nv`x‡mi weavb BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| 21 Abyiƒcfv‡e
ÒAvj-Bjvjyj KvexiÓ MÖ‡š’ Bjvjyj nv`xm cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| GiB avivevwnKZvq cieZ©x‡Z G
wel‡q M‡elYvi e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡j ax‡i ax‡i Zv cwic°Zv AR©b Ki‡Z _v‡K|
wnRix PZz_© kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi m¦Zš¿¨ MÖš’ iPbv ce©

wnRix PZz_© kZvãx‡Z Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi Ici e¨vcK M‡elYv I iPbvi KvR ïiæ nq| G cÖm‡½ W. gvngy`
AvZ-Z¡n&nvb e‡jb, Òcwi‡k‡l wnRix PZz_© kZvãx‡Z hLb G kv¯¿ cwic°Zv AR©b K‡i, Gi cwifvlv¸‡jv
wba©vwiZ n‡q hvq Ges Ab¨vb¨ welq¸‡jv GKwU AciwU n‡Z c„_K n‡q c‡o, ZLb AvwjgMY nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
g~jbxwZ m¤^wjZ ¯^Zš¿ MÖš’ iPbvq cÖe„Ë nb|Ó22 G kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwe` KvRx Ave~ gynv¤§` Avj-nvmvb
Beb Avwãi ingvb Beb Lvjøv` Avi-ivgnvigyhx (in.) [g„.330 wn.] we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi Dci
¯^Zš¿ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zvui iwPZ ÒAvj-gynvwÏmyj dvwmj evBbvi ivex Iqvj IqvqxÓ MÖš’wU g~jZ: G
wel‡qi cw_K…Z|23 G wel‡q Bgvg Avey RvÔdi Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` AvZ-Z¡vnvex (in.) [g„.321 wn.]
GKwU ÒwimvjvnÓ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb nv`xm I Le‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨, Avj-nv`xmyj gyAvÔb AvÔb BZ¨vw`
wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| G Qvov Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Beb Avngv` Beb nvZxg AvZ-ZvBgx Avj-
eymZx (in.) [g„.354 wn.] ÒAvm-wmKvZÓ bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’i f~wgKvq nv`x‡mi cwifvlv
Ges ivex‡ì Ae¯’v, RCd-wmKvn m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| ÒAvj-
gvRiænxbÓ wk‡ivbv‡gI wZwb GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Gi f~wgKvq wZwb mgv‡jvwPZ ivex‡ì wb‡q wekwU
Aa¨vq Ges ivexi wmKv‡Zi Dci QqwU cwi‡”Q` iPbv K‡ib|24
18 W. gy¯Ídv Avm-wmevB, Bmjvgx kixqvn I mybvœ n, Aby: G.Gg. Gg. wmivRyj Bmjvg, XvKv: B.dv.ev, 1998wLª., c„.81
19 we.`ª.: Bgvg gymwjg (in.), gyKvÏvgvZz gymwjg, cÖv¸³, c„.10-30
20 we.`ª.: Bgvg Avey `vD` (in)., wimvjvn Avwe `vD` Bjv Avnwjj gv°v dx Iqvmwd mybvwbnx, m¤úv. W. gynv¤§` Beb jyZdx Avm-
wmevM, •eiƒZ: Avj-gvKZvezj Bmjvgx, 2009wLª., c„. 25-32
21 Bgvg wZiwghx (in.), Avm-mybvb, m¤úv. Avngv` gynv¤§` kvwKi I Ab¨vb¨, ‣eiƒZ: `viæ GnBqvDZ Zzivwmj Avivex, Zv.we, L.5, c„.
739-759
22 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡n&nvb, cÖv¸³, c„.9
23 Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, cÖv¸³, c„.160
24 Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Beb Avngv` Beb nvZxg AvZ-ZvBgx Avj-eymZx in, Avm-wmKvZ, m¤úv.Avm-mvwq¨` kidzÏxb Avngv`,
•eiæZ : `viæj wdKvi, L.1, c„.8
202
wnRix cÂg kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi c~Y©v½Zv AR©b ce©

G hy‡M Avey Avwãjøvn nvwKg Avb-wbkvcyix (in.) [g„. 405 wn.] ÒgvÔAvwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g
GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Zvui G MÖ‡š’ 52wU welq m¤ú©‡K Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
cÖv³b fvBm P¨v‡Ýji Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi mv‡eK †Pqvig¨vb W. Gm.Gg. ûmvBb D³
MÖš’wU cÖvÄj evsjv fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib|25 Zvui Abymi‡Y Avey bvCg Avngv` Beb Avjx B¯úvnvbx (g„.
430 wn.)ÒAvj-gy¯ÍvLivR Avjv gvÔwidvwZ Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
AZtci cÖL¨vZ HwZnvwmK nvwdh Avngv` Beb Avjx Beb mvweZ Avey eKi Avj-LZxe Avj-evM`v`x
(in.) [g„.463 wn.] G wel‡q ÒAvj-wKdvqv dx Bjwgi wiIqvBqvnÓ Ges wiIqv‡Zi Avè m¤ú‡K© ÒAvj-
RvwgÔ wj AvLjvwKi ivex Iqv Av`vwem mvgxÔÓ bvgK `yÔwU g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| ZrKvjxb gynvwÏmMY
D³ MÖš’Ø‡qi f~qmx cÖmskv K‡ib| G m¤ú‡K© Avey eKi Beb byK¡Zv (in.) Gi gšÍe¨wU cÖwYavb‡hvM¨, wZwb
e‡jb,ÒLZxe Avj-evM`v`xi cieZ©x mg‡qi gynvwÏmMY Zvui G MÖ‡š’i gvbm-mšÍvb|Ó26
wnRix lô kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi AvaywbK web¨vm ce©

G kZvãx‡Z KvRx Avqvh Beb gymv (in.) [g„. 544 wn.] ÒAvj-Bjgv Bjv gvÔwidvwZ Dm~wji wiIqvBqvnÓ
bv‡g Awfbe web¨vm ixwZ‡Z G wel‡q GKwU g~jëvb MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| 27 G Qvov Avj-nvwdh Avey nvdm
Igi Beb Avãyj gvRx` (in.) [g„. 580 wn.] G wel‡q Ògv jv BqvmAvÔj gynvwÏm RvnjyûÓ wk‡ivbv‡g
GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|28
wnRix mßg kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi AvaywbK web¨vm ce©

G kZvãx‡Z Avj-nvwdh Avey Avgi Dmgvb Beb Avewì ingvb Avk-kvnivSzix (in.) [g„. 643 wn.]
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cw_K…Z e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Beb mvjvn bv‡g mgwaK cÖwm×| ÒDj~gyj
nv`xmÓ bv‡g wZwb GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib, hv G hy‡Mi †kÖô m„wó wnmv‡e nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi wbKU g~j¨vwqZ
n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x hy‡MI G wKZv‡ei MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I DrK…óZv me©gn‡j mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| Zvui G iPbvwU
ÒgyKvÏvgvZz Beb mvjvnÓ bv‡g cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z 165wU g~jbxwZ GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A‡bK
nv`xmwe` G MÖš’wUi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY K‡i MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|29 AZtci Avj-nvwdh gywnDÏxb Beb kidzb
beex (in.) [g„. 676 wn.] D³ MÖ‡š’i mswÿß ms¯‥iY msKjb K‡i ÒAvZ-ZvKixe IqvZ ZvBmxi
wjgvÔwidvwZ mybvwbj evkxi Iqvb bvhxiÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Zv cÖKvk K‡ib|30 G QvovI G MÖ‡š’i (gvbhygv) Kve¨
iPbv, e¨vL¨v, mvims‡ÿc msKjb Ges ZvÕjxK-Zvmnxnmn bvbv KvR m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb mg‡qI
gynvwÏmMY G MÖš’wU‡K cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q Avm‡Qb|
wnRix Aóg kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi AvaywbK web¨vm ce©

G kZvãx‡Z Dm~jyj nv`xm welqK †ek wKQz weL¨vZ MÖš’ iwPZ nq, Zb¥‡a¨ gynv¤§` Beb gvbdvjyZx (in.)
[g„.702 wn.] msKwjZ ÒDj~gyj nv`xmÓ, Beb `vKxK (in.) [g„. 706 wn.] Gi ÒwKZveyj BdwZivn wd
evqvwbj BmwZjvnÓ, KvRx eìæÏxb kvwdqxÔ (in.) [g„. 733 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-gvbnvjyi ivex wdj nv`xwmb
25 W. gynv¤§` AvdvR DwÏb, ÔBjgyj gymZvjvn: nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKwU Acwinvh Abyl½-‡KvlÕ, w` BmjvwgK BDwbfvwmwU ÷vwWR, Kzwóqv :
w_IjRx GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR Abyl`, B.we, L.8, msL¨v.2, 2000wLª., c„.46
26 Avj-nvwdh Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx in., byhnvZzb bhi, wiqv`: gvKZvev Avj-gvwjK dvnv` Avj-IqvwZwbq¨vn, 2001wLª.,
c„.38, W. Av¾vR Avj-LZxe, cÖv¸³, c„.445
27 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡n&nvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 12
28 cÖv¸³
29 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb in., nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„.99
30 nvwKg wbkvcyix, gvÔwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xm, •eiƒZ: `viæj AvdvK Avj-Rv`x`, ms¯‥.4, 1990 wLª., c„.47
203
befxÓ, gynv¤§` ûmvBb AvZ-Zxwe (in.) [g„.743 wn.] Gi ÒLyjvmvZzb dx gvÔwidvwZj nv`xmÓ Avj-nvwdh
gyMjZvB Beb KjxR Beb Avwãjøvn Avj-evKhyix Avj-wgmix (in.) [g„.762 wn.] ÒgyKvÏvgvZz Beb mvjvnÓ
Gi Dci ÒBmjvû wKZvwe Beb mvjvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| AZtci Avj-nvwdh
Aveyj wd`v Bgv`yÏxb BmgvCj Beb Kvmxi (in.) [g„. 774 wn.] Beb mvjvn iwPZ ÒDj~gyj nv`xmÓ Gi
mswÿßvKv‡i ÒBLwZmviæ Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G Qvov Avj-nvwdh
gynv¤§` Beb evnv`yi Beb Avãyjøvn Avj-SviKvkx (in.) [g„.794 wn.] gyKvÏvgvZz Beb mvjvn Gi Abymi‡Y
ÒAvj-KzbvZz Avjv gyKvÏvgvZz Bebym mvjvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
wnRix beg kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi hyM

G kZvãx‡Z Avj-nvwdh Dgi Beb iæmjvb Beb bvmxi Beb mvwjn Avj-wKbvbx Avj-ÔAvmKvjvbx (in.)
[g„. 805 wn.] Ògvnvwmwbj BmwZjvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Gici G kZvãxi
cÖL¨vZ cwÐZ Avj-nvwdh hvBbyÏxb Avãyi inxg Bebyj ûmvBb Avj-BivKx (in.) [g„.806wn.] Beb mvjvn
KZ…©K iwPZ ÔDj~gyj nv`xmÕ MÖ‡š’i Kve¨ msKjb K‡i ÒbvRgy``yivwi dx Bjwgj AvmviÓ wk‡ivbv‡g bvgKiY
K‡ib| g~jZ: G wKZvewU ÔAvjwdqvZzj BivKxÕ bv‡g me©gn‡j AwaK cwiwPZ| G Qvov wZwb ÒAvZ-ZvwK`
Iqvj BhvnÓ bvgK MÖš’wU D³ wKZv‡ei fvl¨ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e iPbv K‡ib| mvwq¨` kixd Aveyj nvmvb Avjx
Avj-RyiRvbx (g„.816wn.) ÒwimvjvZzZ ZvBwqëvÓ Ges Aveyj Lv‡qi gynv¤§` Avj-Rvhix (in.) [g„.833wn.]
ÒgyKvwÏgvZzb dx Bjwgj nv`xmÓ I ÒZvhwKivZzj Ijvgv dx Dm~wjj nv`xmÓ iPbv K‡ib| AZtci G
kZvãxi †kÖô nv`xm M‡elK Avj-nvwdh Avngv` Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) [g„.852wn.]
ÒbyLevZzj wdKvi wd gymZvjvwn Avnwjj AvmviÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q AwZ mswÿß GKwU †g․wjK MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb Gi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v wn‡m‡e ÒbyhnvZyb bhiÓ MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib| AZtci mvBwq¨`
gynv¤§` Beb Beivnxg Avj-gyiZv`v (in.) [g„.860wn.] iwPZ ÒZvbKxûj AvbIqvi dx Dj~wgj AvmviÓ,
Z¡Kx DwÏb nvbvdx (in.) [g„.872wn.] Gi ÒAvj-AvwjDi iæZevn dx kiwn byhywgb byKevnÓ G kZvãxi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’|
wnRix `kg kZvãx: e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi hyM

G kZvãx‡Z Avj-nvwdh gynv¤§` Beb Avãyi ingvb Avm-mvLvex (in.) [g„. 902 wn.] ÒdvZûj gyMxm wd
kiwn AvjwdqvwZj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z wZwb hvBbyÏx Avj-BivKxi
ÒbvRgyÏyivwiÓ Kve¨ MÖ‡š’i e¨vL¨v K‡ib| eZ©gvb hy‡M G wKZvewU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i AwaZ nq|
AZtci G kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ Avwjg Avj-nvwdh RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Beb Avwe eKi Avm-myq~Zx (in.)
[g„.911 wn.] ÒZv`wieyi ivex wd kiwn ZvKixeyb bIqvexÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg beexi ÒZvKixeÓ MÖ‡š’i
we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| wZwb G‡Z nv`x‡mi 193wU g~jbxwZ Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| G Qvov
wZwb G wel‡q ÒAvjwdq¨vnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU Kve¨MÖš’I iPbv K‡ib| BDmyd Beb nvmvb (in.) [g„. 909
wn.] Gi ÒeyjMvZzj nvmxg dx Dm~wjj nv`xmÓ I Avãyjøvn kvbïix Avj-Kz`yix (in.) [g„. 999 wn.] Gi
ÒwKZveyj gyLZvmvi dx gymZvjvnv Avnwjj AvmviÓ MÖš’Øq we‡lkfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
wnRix GKv`k kZvãx: Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi Kvwe¨K PP©v ce©

G kZvãx‡Z Avj-nvwdh Dgi Beb gynv¤§` Avj-evqKzbx (in.) [g„.1080wn.] ÒAvj-gvbhygvZzj
evBKzwbq¨vÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G wel‡q GwU AwZ mswÿß Kve¨gvjv, hv‡Z Ab~aŸ© 34wU
csw³‡Z g~jbxwZ¸‡jv web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cieZ©x BgvgMY G wKZv‡ei GKvwaK e¨vL¨vMÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
204
wnRix Øv`k †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ : Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi DËg web¨vm I DrKl© ce©
G kZvãx‡Z Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb Avãyj Kv`xi Beb Avjx Avj-dvmx (in.) [g„. 1116 wn.] ÒAvjKveyj
nv`xmÓ I BDmyd Beb Ljxj Kvmve Avj-Mvhvjx (in.) [g„.1290 wn.] ÒAvjdvix`vnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Beb
nvRv‡ii ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓGi Dci wfwË K‡i 51wU csw³‡Z Dm~j¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv
RvgvjyÏxb Avj-Kv‡mgx (in.) [g„.1332wn.] ÒKvI‡q`yZ Zvn`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G
wKZvewU LyeB PgKcÖ` I DcKvix, Gi fvlv‣kjx AZ¨šÍ cÖvÄj I mvejxj| AvaywbK Kv‡j W. myewn Avj-
mvwjn iwPZ ÒDj~gyj nv`xm Iqv gymZvjvûûÓ, W.mveŸv‡Mi ÒAvj-nv`xmyb beex Iqv gymZvjvûûÓ, W.
gvngy` Z¡nnvb iwPZ ÒZvBmxiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xmÓ Gi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
G Qvov fviZ e‡l©i Avãyj nvB j‡ÿè․exi (g„. 1304 wn.)Òhvdiæj AvgvbxÓ, bIqve Avjx f~cvjx (g„.
1307 wn.) Gi ÒAvj-DiRyb dx kviwnj evBKzbxÓ, Avãyj nK gynvwÏm w`njvex ÒgyKvÏvgvZzj wgkKvZÓ ev
wgkKv‡Zi f~wgKv, Ges gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.) [g„.1394 wn.] Gi ÔwdKûm mybvwb Iqvj AvmviÕ
nv`xm MÖ‡š’i f~wgKv ¯îƒc Òwghvbyj AvLeviÓ iPbvi gva¨‡g G wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb| gvIjvbv
hÕdi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) [g„Z.1394wn.] Gi weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÔBÕjvDm mybvbÕ Gi ïiæ‡Z gyKvwÏgv wnmv‡e
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi wbqg-bxwZ¸‡jv msKjb K‡ib| G msKjbwU cieZ©x‡Z kvqL Avãyj dvËvn Avey ¸Ïvn
(in.) KZ©„K ZvnKxK I ZvÕjxKmn ÒKvIqvB` wd Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g ¯^Zš¿¨ MÖš’ wnmv‡e cÖKvwkZ
nq| nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei Av‡jv‡K Dm~jyj nv`xm Aa¨vq‡bi Rb¨ G MÖš’wU we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| mgKvjxb
mg‡q G wKZv‡ei gh©v`v AwaKnv‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ gYxlx‡ì iPbv fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Dm~jyj
nv`x‡mi PP©v‡K †eMevb K‡i‡Q|
5.4 Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi kvLv-cÖkvLv
BZtc~‡e© Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© ch©‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ G kv‡¯¿i g~j
welqe¯‘ n‡”Q mb` I gZb| nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y mb‡ì ewjôZv I gZ‡bi e¯‘wbôZv AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G‡ì h_v_©Zv g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ Dm~jyj nv`xm wel‡q cvwÐZ¨ AR©b Kiv Acwinvh©| G kv‡¯¿i
wewfbœ kvLv-cÖkvLv i‡q‡Q, hv 7wU fv‡M web¨vm Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. Bjgyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÕw`j )‫)عهم انجرح َانتعذيم‬
2. Bjgy BÕjvwjj nv`xm )‫)عهم عهم انحذيث‬
3. Bjgy Mixwej nv`xm )‫)عهم غرية انحذيث‬
4. Bjgy gyLZvjvwdj nv`xm )‫)عهم مختهف انحذيث‬
5. Bjgy bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv gvbQzwLnx )ً‫)عهم واسخ انحذيث َ مىسُخ‬
6. Bjgy wiRvwjj nv`xm )‫)عهم رجال انحذيث‬
DwjøwLZ 7wU kvLvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUB ¯^Zš¿ kv‡¯¿i iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i K‡jei e„w× cvIqvi Avk¼vq
Áv‡bi G kvLv¸‡jv wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv cwinvi Kiv n‡jv| Z‡e eY©bvi avivevwnKZv wVK ivLvi ¯^v‡_©
wb‡¤œ GZ` mswkøó wel‡q mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
Bjgyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÕw`j )‫(علم الجرح والتعديل‬

Avj-Rviû (‫ )انجرح‬kãwU gvm`vi| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv-AvNvZ Kiv, ÿZ-weÿZ Kiv, AvnZ Kiv
BZ¨vw`| Z‡jvqvi w`‡q AvNvZ Kiv‡KI ÔRvivnÕ e‡j| Avj-Rviû kãwU‡K `yBfv‡e cov hvq; GK. wRg
e‡Y© †ck †hv‡M ÔAvj-RyiûÕ, ZLb Gi A_© n‡e A¯¿ w`‡q AvNvZ Kiv| `yB. Avi hw` wRg e‡Y© hei‡hv‡M
ÔAvj-RviûÕ cov nq ZLb A_© n‡e imbvi AvNvZ, K_vi gva¨‡g ÿZ-weÿZ Kiv, Rev‡bi gva¨‡g AvNvZ
Kiv|31 Avi AvZ-ZvÕ`xj (‫ )انتعذيم‬kãwUI gvm`vi| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv- Bbmvd Kiv, mywePvi Kiv,
31 Beb gvbhyi Avj-Avwd«Kx, cÖv¸³, c„. 422-423
205
µwUgy³ Kiv, mgZv weavb Kiv cÖf…wZ|32 cwifvlvq, GwU Ggb GK wbqg-c×wZ I AwfÁv‡bi bvg hvi
gva¨‡g nv`xm eY©bvKvixi AšÍwb©wnZ ¸Yv¸Y I †`vl-ÎæwU we‡kl cwifvlvq eY©bv Kiv nq|33 nvRx Ljxdv
G kv‡¯¿i msÁvq e‡jb-
.‫ٌُ عهم يثحث فيً عه جرح انرَاج َ تعذيهٍم تانفاظ مخصُصح‬
A_©vr GwU Ggb GK we`¨v ev kv¯¿ hv‡Z we‡kl kã (cwifvlv) eënv‡ii gva¨‡g eY©bvKvix‡ì †`vl-¸Y
Av‡jvwPZ nq|34 Avey Avãyjøvn nvwKg wbkvcyix Áv‡bi G kvLvwU‡K Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi mvi wbh©vm Ges eo
‡mvcvb e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|35 mnxn nv`xm‡K `~e©j nv`xm †_‡K Ges gvKe~j nv`xm‡K gvi`~` nv`xm
†_‡K c„_wKKi‡Yi Rb¨ G kv‡¯¿i ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| Kv‡iv †`vl-ÎæwU PP©v wbwl× n‡jI
nv`xmkv¯¿ myiÿvi e„nËi ¯^v‡_© Ges wg_y¨K I nv`xm RvjKvix‡ì cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z eY©bvKvix‡ì g‡a¨
AšÍwb©wnZ `~e©jZv I †`vl-ÎæwU cÖKvk Kiv •ea e‡j DjvgvMY gZ e¨³ K‡ib| Bgvg bIqvex (in.) e‡jb,
cÖ‡qvR‡b nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì †`vl-ÎæwU D‡jøL Kiv ïay •eaB bq eis IqvwRe| G wel‡q AvwjgM‡Yi
BRgv cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|36 G wel‡q wjwLZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU MÖš’ n‡jv-
1. Bgvg eyLvix (g„.256wn.) iwPZ ÒwKZvey` `yÕAvdv Avj-KvexiÓ|
2. Bgvg bvmvC (g„.303wn.) iwPZ ÒwKZvey` `yÕAvdv Iqvj gvZiæKxbÓ|
3. DKvqjx (g„.322wn.) iwPZ ÒwKZve Av`-`yÕAvdvÓ|
4. Avãyi ingvb Beb Avex nvZxg (g„.327wn.) iwPZ ÒwKZveyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÕ`xjÓ|
4. Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb `viv-KzZbx (g„.385wn.) iwPZ ÒwKZvey` `yÕAvdv Iqvj gvZiæKxbÓ|
5. Bgvg hvnvex (g„.745wn.) iwPZ Òwghvbyj BÕwZ`vjÓ|
5. nvwdh Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (g„.852wn.) iwPZ Òwjmvbyj wghvbÓ| cÖf…wZ|
Bjgy BÕjvwjj nv`xm )‫(علم علل الحديث‬
‫( ِعهم‬BÕjvj) kãwU eûePb, Gi GKePb n‡jv ‫( علّة‬BjøvZzb)| AvwfavwbK `„wó‡Z Gi A_© n‡jv- †`vl,
ÎæwU, my² fzj, KviY, iæMœ BZ¨vw`| cwifvlvq, Bjgy BÕjvj ej‡Z Ggb GK kv¯¿‡K eySvq, hv‡Z mb`-
gZ‡b AšÍwb©wnZ nv`x‡mi weï×Zvi cwicš’x †`vl-ÎæwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Bgvg LIjx e‡jb,
‫هو عبارة عن اسباب خفية غامضة قادحة فيه من وصل منقطع او رفع موقوف او ادخال حديث فى حديث او نحو‬
.‫ذلك و كل هذا مما يقدح فى صحة الحديث‬
A_©vr †h kv¯¿ gybKvwZÕ nv`xm‡K gyËvwmj nv`xm evbv‡bv, gvidz‡K gvDKzd evbv‡bv Ges GK nv`xm‡K Ab¨
nv`x‡mi mv‡_ mswgkÖY Kiv A_ev A¯úó `y‡e©va¨ I `~lYxq KviY¸wj wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K Bjgy
BÕjvjyj nv`xm e‡j|37 gynv¤§` Beb RvÕdi Avj-KvËvbx Abyiƒc msÁv w`‡q‡Qb|38
kv¯¿xq RM‡Z Bjgy BÕjvwjj nv`xm welqwU AZ¨šÍ my² I RwUj| G kv‡¯¿i gva¨‡g GKgvÎ nv`xm weÁv‡b
my² I Zx² Ávbm¤úbœ cwÐZMY mb‡ì AšÍwb©wnZ ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡Z cv‡ib| Áv‡bi G
kvLvwU mK‡ji wbKU mnRjf¨ bq| †KejgvÎ Avjøvn ZvÕAvjv hv‡K Zx² ax-kw³, cÖLi †gav, Am¤¢e
¯§„wZkw³i AwaKvix, eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì wel‡q m¤§K AeMwZ I cwic~Y© Ávb Ges mb` I gZb m¤ú‡K©
mwVK Ávb cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb wZwb e¨ZxZ G welqwU Ab¨ Kv‡iv Rb¨ Dcjwä Kiv `yiƒn e¨vcvi, KL‡bv Am¤¢I
e‡U| G kv¯¿ AZ¨šÍ my² I RwUj nIqvq G wel‡q Lye Kg MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| nv‡Z †Mvbv K‡qKwU weL¨vZ
MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Avjx Beb Avj-gv`xbx (g„.198wn.) KZ…©K iwPZ ÒwKZvey Bjvwjj nv`xmÓ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G
32 cÖv¸³, c„.430-435
33 W. ZvKx DÏxb bèx, Bjgy wiRvwjj nv`xm, j‡ÿè․: gvKZvevZzj wdi‡`․m, 1985wLª., c„.125-126
34 nvRx Ljxdv, Kvkdzh hyb~b, •eiƒZ: `viæ BnBqvBZ ZzivwQj Avivex, Zv.we., L. 2, c„. 390-391
36 Bgvg bIqvex, wiqv`ym mvwjnxb, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKvi, Zv.we., c„.84
37 Avãyj Avhxh Avj-LvIqvjx, cÖv¸³, c„. 159.
38 Avj-KvËvbx, ÔAvi-wimvjvZzj gy¯ÍvZivdv, KivPx : byi gynv¤§` wZRvi‡Z KzZze, Zv.we., c„. 121.
206
wel‡q Av‡iv hviv MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zviv n‡jb- Beb Avex nvwZg (g„. 327wn.) Gi wKZveyj BÕjvj, Bgvg
wZiwghx (g„.271wn.) Gi ÔBÕjvjyZ wZiwghxÕ, Bgvg `vivKzZbx (375wn.) Gi ÒAvj-BÕjvj wj `vivKzZbxÓ
BZ¨vw` G wel‡qi cÖwm× MÖš’| Z‡e mewKQz Qvwc‡q Bgvg `vivKzZbxi wKZvewU mywekvj, me©Rbwew`Z I
†kÖô iPbv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
Bjgy Mixwej nv`xm )‫(علم غريب الحديث‬
ÔMixeÕ kãwU GKePb Gi eûePb n‡jv ÔMvivBeÕ| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv- `~j©f, `~‡e©va¨,
A¯úó BZ¨vw`| cwifvlvq, fvlvMZ `~‡ev©a¨Zvi Kvi‡Y †h mKj nv`x‡mi gg© D`NvUb Kiv KwVb, †m
nv`xm¸‡jv wb‡q †h kv¯¿ wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K Bjgy Mixwej nv`xm ejv nq| G cÖm‡½ W. myewn
mvwjn e‡jb,
‫هو علم يبحث عن بيان ما خفى على كثير من الناس معرفته من حديث رسول هللا صلى هللا عليه و سلم بعد ان‬
.‫تطرق الفساد الى اللسان العربى‬
A_©vr Aviex fvlvi Dci A‡bK wech©q Avmvi Kvi‡Y ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ kãMZ wel‡q †h
mKj A¯úóZv I `~‡e©va¨Zvi mwVK A_© A‡bK gvby‡li wbKU AÁvZ i‡q‡Q, G wel‡q †h kv¯¿ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i Zv‡K Bjgy Mvixwej nv`xm e‡j|39
DwjøwLZ wel‡q Lye Aí msL¨K MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| me©cÖ_g gvÕgvi Beb gymvbœv Avj-emix (g„.210wn.) G
wel‡q ÿz`ª GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G MÖš’‡K g~j a‡i cieZ©x‡Z Aveyj nvmvb bhi Beb mygvBj Avj-
gvwhbx (g„.204wn.) GKwU e„nr MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| weL¨vZ Bgvg Avey DevB` Kvwmg Beb mvjøvg
(g„.224wn.) ‫ كتاب غرية انحذيث‬bv‡g G wel‡q KvjRqx GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Gici Bgvg Rviæjøvn
hvgvLkvix (g„.538wn.) ‫ الفائق فى غريب الحديث‬bv‡g ¯^Zš¿¨ I MÖnY‡hvM¨ wKZve iPbv K‡ib| me©‡k‡l
Bgvg Bebyj AvQxi (g„.606wn.) ‫ النهاية فى غريب الحديث واألثر‬bvgK GKwU weL¨vZ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G
MÖš’wU GZUvB RbwcÖqZv I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †c‡q‡Q †h, eZ©gvb mg‡qI mgwaK ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i Gi ìm-
Zvìxm I Aa¨qb Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q GwU GKwU cÖvgvY¨ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
cieZx© mg‡q Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx (g„.911wn.) Gi mvi-ms‡ÿc msKjb K‡i‡Qb|
Bjgy gyLZvjvwdj nv`xm )‫(علم مختلف الحديث‬

gyLZvjvdÕ ( ‫ )مختهف‬kãwU Bmg gvdÕDj ev Kg©evPK wµqv we‡kl¨| eve BdwZÕAvj Gi Avj-BdwZjvdz
gvm`vi ev wµqv avZz †_‡K Drcbœ| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv- wfbœ nIqv, gZcv_©K¨ nIqv, we‡ivax
nIqv, •ecixZ¨, HKgZ¨ bv nIqv BZ¨vw`| cwifvlvq, †h g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K ci¯úi we‡ivax I
•ecixZ¨c~Y© nv`xmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv nq Zv‡K Bjgy gyL Zvjvwdj nv`xm e‡j| G cÖm‡½
gvIjvbv hviKvbx e‡jb,
‫ٌُ عهم يثحث عه االحاديث انتى ظاٌرٌا انتىاقض مه حيث امكان انجمع تيىٍا اما تتقييذ مطهقٍا اَ تتخصيص عامٍا‬
‫اَ حمهٍا عهى تعذد انحادثح اَ غير رنك‬
A_©vr Bjgy gyLZvjvwdj nv`xm n‡jv Ggb GKwU kv¯¿, hvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk¨ Ø›Øhy³ nv`xmmg~‡ni g‡a¨
mgvavb †`qv nq| G kv‡¯¿ gyZjvK (mvaviY) nv`xm‡K gyKvBq¨v` (wbw`©óKiY) Ges Avg nv`xm‡K Lvm
fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i wKsev nv`xm¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ NUbvi mv‡_ mswkøó Kivi gva¨‡g ci¯úi m„ó •ecixZ¨
mgvavb Kiv nq|40 Bgvg beex e‡jb, GwU Áv‡bi Ggb GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ kvLv, hvi m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b
Kiv mKj †kÖwYi Avwjg‡ì Rb¨ GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| KviY A‡_©i w`K w`‡q ci¯úi we‡ivax nv`xm¸‡jv
D‡jøL K‡i Df‡qi g‡a¨ mgZv weavb Kiv A_ev GKwU‡K AciwUi Dci cÖvavb¨ †`qvB n‡”Q Gi D‡Ïk¨|

40 gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxg Avj-hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 11
207
nv`xm I Bjwg wdK‡n cvi`k©x Avwjg Ges k‡ãi A_© m¤ú‡K© Mfxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix Dm~jwe`MY G kvLvi
c~Y©Zv weav‡b mÿg|41
G wel‡q A‡bK MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb- Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb Bìxm
Avk-kv‡dqx (in.) [g„.204wn.]| wZwb G wel‡q me©cÖ_g MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zvui iwPZ MÖš’wUi GKvsk
ÔwKZveyj D¤§Õ G DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Zvici Bgvg KzZvBev (in.) [g„.263wn.] Ges Avey BqvnBqv hvKvwiqv
Beb BqvnBqv mvRx G wel‡q c„_K MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Bgvg Aveyj dv‡qR (in.) [g„.597wn.] ‫انتحقيق فى‬
‫ احاديث انخالف‬bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Bgvg Avey RvÕdi Zvnvexi (in.) [g„.321wn.] iwPZ ‫مشكم اآلثار‬
(gykwKjyj Avmvi) G wel‡q AwZ g~jëvb, me©Rb ¯^xK…Z I cÖkswmZ GKwU MÖš’|
Bjgy bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv gvbmywLnx ) ‫(علم ناسخ الحديث و منسوخه‬

bvwmL I gvbmyL kã `yÕwU avivevwnKfv‡e KZ©vevPK wµqv we‡kl¨ I Kg©evPK wµqv we‡kl¨| Avb-bvmLy
wµqv avZz †_‡K D`MZ| Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡jv- iwnZ Kiv, gy‡Q †Ìqv, †jvc Kiv, evwZj Kiv
BZ¨vw`| cwifvlvq, ci¯úi •ecixZ¨c~Y© Ggb `ywU nv`xm wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i, hvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv fv‡eB
mvgÄm¨ weavb m¤¢e bq, eis GKwU nv`xm‡K bvwmL (iwnZKvix) I Aci nv`xm‡K gvbmyL (iwnZK…Z) a‡i
wb‡Z nq| GZ` mswkøó wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv †h kv‡¯¿ Kiv nq Zv‡K Bjgy bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv gvbmywLnx
e‡j| Bgvg hyiKvbx (in.) e‡jb,
‫هو علم يبحث عن االحاديث المتعارضة التى ال يمكن التوفيق بينها من حيث الحكم على بعضها بانه ناسخ وعلى‬
.‫بعضها اآلخر بانه منسوخ‬
A_©vr †h kv‡¯¿ Ggb me ci¯úi we‡ivax nv`xm wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i hvi GKwU‡K bvwmL I AciwU‡K
gvbmyL mve¨¯Í Kiv e¨ZxZ ci¯úi mgš^q mvab Kiv m¤¢e bq, Zv‡K Bjgy bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv gvbmywLnx
e‡j|42
G wel‡q †h mKj nv`xmwekvi` MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-Avng` Beb
BmnvK Avj-`xbvIqvix (in.) [g„.318wn.], Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Avb bvnnvm (in.) [g„.338wn.], Avey
gynv¤§` Kvwmg Beb Avmev (in.) [g„.340wn.], Ave~ nvdm Dgvi Beb kvnxb (in.) [g„.385wn.], gynv¤§`
Beb gymv Avj-Kvwmgx (in.) [g„.540wn.] Ges Bgvg Bebyj RvIhxmn (in.) [g„.597wn.] cÖgyL e¨w³eM©|
5.5 wiRvjkv‡¯¿i cwiPq

nv`xmkv‡¯¿i weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y wiRvjkv‡¯¿i f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©| Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cwifvlvq, wiRvjkv¯¿‡K
ÔAvmgvÕDi wiRvjÕ(‫ ) اسماء انرجال‬ejv nq| ÔAvmgvÕ (‫ )اسماء‬kãwU ÔBmgybÕ (‫ )اسم‬Gi eûePb, Gi A_©: bvg
mg~n| Avi ÔAvi-wiRvjÕ kãwU ÔivRyjybÕ Gi eûePb, A_© : e¨w³eM©| ÔAvmgvÕDi wiRvjÕ A_© n‡”Q,
e¨w³e‡M©i bvgmg~n| †h‡nZz G wel‡qi gva¨‡g nv`xm eY©bvKvixM‡Yi bvg I cwiPq BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ
nIqv hvq, ZvB G kv‡¯¿i bvg ÔAvmgvÕDi wiRvjÕ ev gvby‡li bvg-cwiPq msµvšÍ we`¨v| A_©vr hviv
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi g~jëvb evYx gyL¯ÍKiY I eY©bvi gva¨‡g msiÿY K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì Rxeb e„ËvšÍ wb‡q †h
Rxebx‡Kvl iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv‡K ÔAvmgvÕDi wiRvjÕ/Bjgy wiRvwjj nv`xm/wiRvjkv¯¿ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv
nq| G cÖm‡½ W. ZvKx DÏxb b`fx e‡jb, hviv bex Kvixg (mv.) Gi hy‡M Zvi evYx Ges Zvi Rxe‡bi
mv‡_ mswkøó wewfbœ welq‡K msiÿY I Zv eY©bvq wb‡R‡ì Rxeb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì‡K gynvwÏmMY
wiRvjyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|43
41 we.`ª.: Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avãyi ingvb Avm-myqyZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 197-198

42 gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxg Avj-hviKvbx, cÖv¸³, c„. 11
43 W. ZvKx DÏxb bèx, Bjgy wiRvwjj nv`xm, j‡ÿè․: gvKZvevZzjwdi`vDm, 1985wLª., c„. 17
208
wiRvj kv‡¯¿i Ávb nv`xm kv‡¯¿i A‡a©K e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY GKwU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ `yywU Ask
_v‡K Z_v mb` I gZb| Avi mb` we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g ivexM‡Yi mvwe©K Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ nIqv hvq G
Kvi‡YB G‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i A‡a©K ejv n‡q‡Q| ZvB nvwd‡h nv`xmMY mb` I gZbmn nv`xm gyL¯’
Ki‡Zb|44 AZGe ejv hvq, nv`xm kv‡¯¿i hZ¸‡jv kvLv-cÖkvLv i‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y welq
n‡”Q wiRvj kv¯¿| G kv‡¯¿i gva¨‡g nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivexi bvg, esk cwiPq, Rb¥¯’vb, Rb¥-g„Zzï mb-
ZvwiL, Zvui •bwZK PwiÎ, gvbwmK Ae¯’v †Kgb wQj, nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î Zvui Ae¯’vb †Kv_vq, Zvui
¯§„wZkw³ wKiƒc, †kl eqm ch©šÍ Zvui ¯§„wZkw³‡Z †Kvbiƒc iè`j n‡q‡Q wKbv, wZwb wKiƒc †evakw³
m¤úbœ wQ‡jb, Zvui wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I wek¦¯ÍZv KZLvwb, Zvui AvPvi-AvPiY †Kgb, Zvui AvKx`v mwVK wKbv,
wZwb we`ÔAvZcwš’ bb‡Zv, †Kvb cwi‡e‡k wZwb †e‡o D‡V‡Qb Ges Rxeb AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Kvi
Kvi †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY K‡i‡Qb, Zvui KvQ †_‡K Kviv nv`xm kÖeY K‡i‡Qb, Zvui m¤ú©‡K mgmvgwqK
†jvK‡ì aviYv Kx, Zvui mdi-cÖ¯’vb, AvgvbZ`vix I AvjøvnfxiæZv BZ¨vw` LuywUbvwU welq m¤ú©‡K AeMZ
nIqv hvq| ivexM‡Yi cwiPq jvf I Zvu‡ì gvbMZ ¯’vb wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ kZ-mn¯ª gbxlx wb‡R‡ì
RxebcvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvuiv MÖvg n‡Z MÖvgvšÍ‡i wM‡q ivexM‡Yi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i Zvu‡ì m¤ú©‡K meai‡bi
Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| Avi hviv Zvu‡ì mgKvjxb wQ‡jb bv Zvu‡ì m¤ú‡K© Zvu‡ì mgmvgwqK A_ev Zvu‡ì
c~e©eZ©x‡ì †_‡K Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| Gfv‡e Bjwg nv`x‡mi †M․i‡ev¾¡j †h kvLvwU Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i,
ZvB ÔAvmgvÕDi wiRvjÕ ev ÔBjgy wiRvwjj nv`xmÕ wKsev ÔwiRvj kv¯¿Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ| nv`xm
eY©bvKvixM‡Yi bvg, Dcvwa, ¯^fve-PwiÎ I ¸Yvejx, Zvu‡ì mgv‡jvPbv I †kÖwY, GK K_vq Zvu‡ì we¯ÍvwiZ
Rxeb-PwiZ G kvLvi AšÍf©y³|45
Avm‡j ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi K_v I evYx, Zvui Av`k©-Kvh©vejx Ges Zvui Rxe‡bwZnvm gymwjgMY †hfv‡e
msiÿY K‡i‡Qb, Zvi `„óvšÍ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m wØZxqwU †bB| Zvuiv nv`xm fvÐvi msiÿY mvabvq Zvu‡ì
Rxeb‡K DrmM© K‡i †M‡Qb| hvi d‡j Zvuiv wek¦evmx‡K ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi wb‡f©Rvj Rxebv`k© Dcnvi
w`‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| G cÖm‡½ gvIjvbv wkejx byÔgvbx (in.) e‡jb, ÒwKqvgZ ch©šÍ gymjgvb‡ì G
†M․i‡ei †Kvb cÖwZØ›Øx cvIqv hv‡e bv| Zvuiv wb‡R‡ì bexi Rxe‡bwZnvm I NUbvejxi GK-GKwU
ÿz`ªvwZÿz`ª Ask‡K Ggbfv‡e msiÿY K‡i‡Qb †h, AvR ch©šÍ †Kvb e¨w³i Rxe‡bwZnvm Ggb c~Y©v½ I
weï×fv‡e wjwce× Kiv m¤¢e nqwb Ges fwel¨‡ZI m¤¢vebv †bB|Ó46
wiRvj kv‡¯¿i jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨
c„w_ex‡Z msNwUZ mKj NUbv †Kej `yÔwU Dcv‡q Rvbv hvq| cÖ_gZ: cÖZ¨ÿ `k©b| G‡Z e¨w³ wb‡R ¯^P‡ÿ
†`‡L NUbv m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nq| †hgb: ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi nv`xm m¤ú‡K© mvnvexM‡Yi Ávb| Avi
wØZxqZ: c‡ivÿ Ávb| hv A‡bï gva¨‡g ï‡b ÁvZ nIqv| h_v: nv`xm eY©bvKvix (mvnvex hyM cieZ©x)
ivexM‡Yi nv`xm m¤ú‡K© Ávb| GgZve¯’vq Áv‡bi wbfy©jZv wbiƒc‡bi Rb¨ eY©bKvixi mZZv, avwg©KZv I
AvgvbZ`vwiZv cÖwZ `„wó w`‡Z nq| hw` nv`xmwU mZëv`x I wbf©i‡hvM¨ e¨w³i gva¨‡g ewY©Z nq Z‡e Zv
MÖnYxq, Ab¨_vq Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| GUvB g~jZ wiRvj kv‡¯¿i D‡Ïk¨|47
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| G Ávb Qvov nv`x‡mi
weï×Zv I `ye©jZv wbY©q Kiv Am¤¢e| nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì eY©bvi avivevwnKZv‡K mb` ejv nq| G mb`
e¨ZxZ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aw¯ÍZ¡ Kíbv Kiv hvq bv| †Kbbv nv`x‡mi weï×Zv I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wbY©‡qi Rb¨
44 nvRx Ljxdv, cÖv¸³, c„.87

45 m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, L.3, XvKv: B.dv.ev., 1986wLª., c„.130
46 wkejx byÔgvbx I myjvBgvb b`fx, mxivZzb bex, L.1, KivPx: `viæj BkvÔAvZ, 1984wLª., c„.11
47 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.), Zvwi‡L Bj‡g nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„.81
209
me©cÖ_g nv`x‡mi mb` hvPvB Kiv Avek¨K| mb` hvPvB Kivi gv‡b n‡”Q, wiRvj m¤ú‡K© cwiÁvZ nIqv,
eY©bvKvix‡ì ¯§iYkw³, wek¦¯ÍZv, ¯^fve-PwiÎ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv| G cÖm‡½ Bgvg mywdqvb mvIix
(in.) e‡jb, ÒwbðqB Áv‡bi G kvLvwU n‡jv Øxb, myZivs †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì Øxb Kvi wbKU †_‡K MÖnY
Ki‡e Zv hvPvB-evQvB K‡iwbIÓ|48 G QvovI Bgvg Avãyjøvn Beb gyeviK e‡jb, ‫االسناد من الدين لوال‬
‫ االسناد لقال من شاء ما شاء‬Òmb` ev eY©bvi avivevwnK m~Î n‡jv Øx‡bi Ask, hw` G mb`B bv _v‡K Zvn‡j
Øxwb wel‡q †h †hfv‡e B”Qv †mfv‡e e³e¨ w`‡e|Ó49 ZvB G K_v wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h, nv`x‡mi gvY wbY©‡q
wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ AZ¨waK|
5.6 wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi DrcwË

Bmjv‡gi †mvbvjx hy‡MB wiRvj kv‡¯¿i DrcwË nq| KyiAvb-mybœvni hvPvB-evQvB‡qi my¯úó wb‡`©kbvi
Kvi‡YB mvnvexMY nv`xm MÖnY I eY©bvi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl mZ©KZv Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb| AKvU¨ hyw³ I mvÿ¨-
cÖgvY Qvov Zviv Kv‡iv K_v ev nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| cieZ©x Kv‡j nv`xm AwfÁv‡bi cwigÐ‡j GwUB
nv`xm mgv‡jvPbv weÁv‡b iƒc †bq| GiB avivevwnKZvq wiRvj kv‡¯¿i wfZ iwPZ nq| †Kbbv nv`x‡mi
weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y eY©bvKvix‡ì wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv hvPvB Ges Zv‡ì weï×Zv cÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ G AwfÁv‡bi weKí
†Kvb c_ †bB|
nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ wKbv Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ me©cÖ_g nv`x‡mi eY©bv m~Î hvPvB Ki‡Z nq| Avi G eY©bv m~Î‡K
ejv nq mb`| mb` Qvov nv`xm kv‡¯¿i Aw¯ÍZ¡B wecbœ| mb‡ì mKj ¯Í‡ii ivex‡ì mgv‡jvPbv Kiv,
hvPvB-evQvB Kiv I cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wbf©i‡hvM¨ †jvK‡ì h_vh_ gh©v`v `vb Ges
Ab¨vb¨‡ì Avjv`v Kiv Avek¨K| G wel‡q Avjøvni wb‡`©k, ‫يايها الذين آمنوا ان جاءكم فاسق بنبأ فتبينوا ان‬
.‫ تصيبوا قوما بجهالة فتصبحوا على ما فعلتم نادمين‬Ò‡n Cgvb`viMY! hw` †Kvb dvwmK (cvcvPvix) e¨w³
†Zvgv‡ì wbKU †Kvb msev` wb‡q Av‡m, Z‡e Zvi mZ¨Zv hvPvB K‡i bvI| Ggb †hb bv nq †h, †Zvgiv
AÁvZmv‡i †Kvb m¤úª`v‡qi ÿwZ mvab K‡i em‡e, Avi wb‡R‡ì K…ZK‡g©i Rb¨ jw¾Z n‡e|Ó50 G
my¯úó wb‡`©‡ki Kvi‡YB mvnvexMY nv`xm MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl KovKwo I mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb|
AKvU¨ hyw³, `jxj-cÖgvY Qvov Zvuiv Kv‡iv K_v ev nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| G cÖm‡½ nhiZ Avey mvC`
Lyìx (iv.) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, †Kvb GKw`b Avbmvix mvnvex‡ì GK gRwj‡m Avwg emv wQjvg| nVvr
Avey gymv Avkqvix (iv.) Avgv‡ì wbKU Avm‡jb| AZtci wZwb e‡jb, Avwg Igi (iv.) Gi evwo‡Z wM‡q
wZb evi AbygwZ PvB; wKš‘ AbygwZ bv †c‡q wd‡i Avwm| ciÿ‡Y wZwb [Igi (iv.)] e‡jb, Zzwg †Kb wd‡i
G‡j? Avwg ejjvg, wZb evi AbygwZ PvIqvi c‡iI mvov bv †c‡q wd‡i G‡mwQ| †Kbbv ivm~j (mv.)
e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡Zvgv‡ì †KD Kv‡iv evwo‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ wZb evi AbygwZ PvB‡e, AbygwZ bv †c‡j wd‡i
Avm‡e|Ó Avjøvni Kmg! Zzwg †Zvgvi K_vi mc‡ÿ Aek¨B cÖgvY †ck Ki| Zzwg Qvov Ab¨ †KD wK GK_v
bex (mv.) wbKU †_‡K ï‡b‡Q? wZwb e‡jb, DevB Beb KvÔe ï‡b‡Q| ZLb DevB Beb KvÔe e‡jb, Avjøvni
Kmg! †Zvgvi mc‡ÿ †QvU GKwU `j `vuov‡e; Avi Avwg Zv‡ìB GKRb, Avwg Zvi c‡ÿ ùvovjvg|
AZtci Avwg Igi‡K (iv.) msev` w`jvg †h, bex (mv.) Abyiƒc e‡j‡Qb|51 D³ nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg
bIqvex (in.) e‡jb, GLv‡b Igi (iv.) Avey gymv AvkÔAvix‡K (iv.) D³ nv`x‡mi mc‡ÿ cÖgvY †ck
Ki‡Z ejvi A_© Le‡i I‡n`‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv bq; eis wZwb bex (mv.) Gi evYxi weK…Z nIqvi Avk¼v
Ki‡Zb, KviY wKQz wKQz we`ÔAvZcš’x, wg_y¨K, gybvwdK bex (mv.) Gi Dci evwb‡q Ggb K_v Av‡ivc
Ki‡Zv hv wZwb e‡jbwb| g~jZ: wZwb KovKwo Av‡ivc Kivi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, bex (mv.) Gi cweÎ evYx‡K
48 Bgvg gymwjg, mnxn gymwjg (gyKvwÏgv), cÖv¸³, c„. 8

49 cÖv¸³, c„. 7
50 AvjKyiAvb, 49:06
51 Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix; mnxûj eyLvix, cÖv¸³, c„. 1323
210
weK…wZ wKsev ev‡bvqvU †_‡K gy³ ivLv|52 G e¨vcv‡i Avqkv wmÏxKv (iv.) ivm~j (mv.) Gi wb‡`©kbv cÖm‡½
e‡jb, ÒcÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K Zvi ¯^-gh©v`vq envj ivLvi Rb¨ ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Avgv‡ì wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Avj-
KziAvbI Gi cÖgvY †ck Ki‡Q, ÒcÖ‡Z¨K Ávbxi Dci i‡q‡Qb GK gnvÁvbx|Ó53
5.7 wiRvjyj nv`x‡mi µgweKvk

150 wnRixi ci G wel‡q ¯^Zš¿ MÖš’ iPbvi gva¨‡g AwfÁvbwU cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i| wnRix beg
kZvãx ch©šÍ Gi µgweKv‡ki aviv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| hyMwefvR‡bi avivevwnKZvq G kv‡¯¿i µgweKvk
cÖm‡½ we‡klÁ AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-
wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx
wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z †g․wLKfv‡e Ges mxwgZ cwim‡i wiRvj welqK Av‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbv n‡Zv| †Kbbv
G hyM wQj mvnvev wKiv‡gi hyM| bex (mv.) hv‡ì b¨vqcivqYZvi e¨vcv‡i mvÿ¨ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ wg_¨vPvi wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| Z`cywi Zviv nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Ki‡Zb|
†hgb- nhiZ Igi (iv.) †Kvb GKwU gvmAvÔjvq dvwZgv webZ Kvqm ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡jb bv| KviY
Zv wQj wKZveyjøvn cwicš’x| wZwb e‡jb, †m nq nv`xm Lvbv fz‡j †M‡Q A_ev bex (mv.) Gi K_vi gg©
Dcjwã Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Abyiƒcfv‡e Beb Ig‡ii wiIqv‡q‡Zi e¨vcv‡i nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi mgv‡jvPbv
Ges nhiZ Avey ûivBiv (iv.) Gi e¨vcv‡i Beb AveŸv‡mi mgv‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wewfbœ nv`x‡m DwjøwLZ
n‡q‡Q| mvnvev wKiv‡gi gh©v`v, b¨vqcivqYZv I mZëvw`Zv KziAvb-mybœvn Øviv cÖgvwYZ| ZvB G wel‡q
Rvivn-ZvÔ`x‡ji my‡hvM †bB| Z‡e Zv‡ì ¯§„wZkw³ RwbZ wKQz ÎæwU AwaK mZ©KZvi mv‡_ mgv‡jvPbvi
gvb`‡Ð hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q|54
wnRix wØZxq kZvãx
G hy‡M ivexM‡Yi hvPvB-evQvB, ch©v‡jvPbv Ges mgv‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖ_g kZvãxi Zzjbvq wKQzUv
†ewk Abyf~Z n‡Z _v‡K| wnRix wØZxq kZvãx g~jZ: DgvBqv hy‡Mi †klfvM †_‡K ïiæ nq| G mg‡q cÖvq
mvnvexMY c„w_ex †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Qb, Aí wKQz msL¨K mvnvex †eu‡P wQ‡jb| AwaKvsk nv`xmwe`M‡Yi g‡Z,
`ywbqv †_‡K me©‡kl we`vqMÖnYKvix mvnvex n‡jb, nhiZ Avey ZzdvBj Avwgi Beb Iqvwmj Avj-jvBmx
(iv.)| wZwb 100 wn. gZvšÍ‡i 102 wn./107 wn. A_ev 110 wnRix‡Z BwšÍKvj K‡ib| cÖexY ZvweÔCMY
hviv mivmwi mvnvexMY †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY K‡i‡Qb Ges Zvu‡ì QvÎ nIqvi †m․fvM¨ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb g~jZ:
GUv Zv‡ìB hyM| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwm× ZvweÔC Avk-kvÔex (in.) [g„. 104 wn.], mvÔC` Bebyj gymvBwqë
(in.) [g„. 94 wn.] Ges gynv¤§` Beb mxixb (in.) [g„. 110 wn.] cÖgyL ZLb G wel‡qi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e `„wó
wb‡ÿc K‡ib|
AZtci eby DgvBqv‡ì cZ‡bi ci ïiæ nq AveŸvmxq hyM| G hyy‡M gymwjg mgv‡R bvw¯ÍKëv‡ì AbycÖ‡ek
N‡U Ges `k©b-weÁvb m¤úwK©Z MÖxK MÖš’vejx Aviex fvlvq Ab~w`Z nq| Zv Qvov cÖvPxb Kv‡ji KvíwbK
wKmmv-Kvwnbx G mg‡q gymwjg mgv‡R AbycÖ‡ek K‡i| †KD Avevi G¸‡jv‡K ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`xm
wn‡m‡e Pvwj‡q †`qvi AccÖqvm Pvjvb| ZvB bvw¯ÍKëv` I wewfbœ wdiKvevR‡ì nv`xm RvjKiY cÖwZ‡iv‡a
gynvwÏmMY gymwjg Rvnv‡bi cÖwZwU Rbc‡ì nv`xm wkÿv‡K‡›`ª ivexM‡Yi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i Zv‡ì hvPvB-
evQvB K‡i I †LuvR-Lei wb‡q Zvu‡ì c~Y©v½ Rxeb-e„ËvšÍ wjwce× K‡ib Ges Zv‡ì wiIqv‡q‡Zi gvb I
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Zz‡j a‡ib| Avi †h mKj ivex Zv‡ì k‡Z© DwbœZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb Zv‡ì‡KI wPwýZ K‡ib| G
fv‡e wnRix wØZxq kZvãxi †kl w`‡K ivexM‡Yi hvPvB-evQvB I mgv‡jvPbvi KvR cy‡iv`‡g ïiæ nq|
52 Bgvg beex (in.), kin mnxn gymwjg wjb beex, wgmi: Avj-Avhnvi cÖKvkbx, 2008wLª., L.14, c„.131
53 Avj-KyiAvb, 12: 76
54 Avmxi Avìvex, dvbœ AvmgvDi wiRvj, †Ìe›`: `viæj gyAvwjødxb, 1998wLª., c„. 98; gynv¤§` Avey hvû, cÖv¸³, c„.42
211
G hy‡M wiRvj kv‡¯¿ hviv Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ïÔev Bebyj nv¾vR (in.) [g„. 160 wn.], Bgvg
gvwjK (in.) [g„. 179 wn.], gvÔgvi (in.) [g„. 154 wn.], wnkvg (in.) [g„. 154 wn.], Avãyjøvn Beb gyeviK
(in.) [g„. 181 wn.], ûmvBg (in.) [g„. 188 wn.], mywdqvb Beb DAvqbv (in.) [g„. 198 wn.], BqvnBqv Beb
mvÔC` Avj-KvËvb (in.) [g„. 198 wn.] Ges Avãyi ingvb Avj-gvn`x (in.) [g„.198 wn.]| Z‡e G kv‡¯¿
BqvnBqv Beb mvÔC` Avj-KvËvb (in.) [g„. 198 wn.] me©cÖ_g MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb Zvu i G MÖ‡š’ nv`xm
eY©bvKvix ivexM‡Yi mgv‡jvPbv c×wZ‡K g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z mvwR‡q ivexMY m¤ú‡K© my¯úó AwfgZ e¨³
K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡YB cieZ©x‡Z G wel‡qi MÖš’vKvi‡ì MÖ‡š’ Zvui gZ‡KB cÖvavb¨ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
wnRix Z„Zxq kZvãx
G kZvãx nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi ¯^Y©hyM wn‡m‡e L¨vZ| KviY G hy‡MB Bjwg nv`x‡mi Aš©ÍMZ mKj kvLv m¦Zš¿¨
wefvM wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| GiB avivevwnKZvq mb`-gZb eY©bv Ges Zvi weï×Zvi Dci Pj‡Z
_v‡K e¨vcK M‡elYv| Gi djkÖæwZ‡Z ÒAvmgvDi wiRvjÓ GKwU ¯^Zš¿¨ wefvM wn‡m‡e Aw¯ÍZ¡ jvf K‡i|
G kZvãx‡Z gynv¤§` Beb mvÔ` in.(g„. 230 wn.) ÒAvZ-ZvevKvZzj KzeivÓ bv‡g mvnvev I Zv‡eC‡ì ¯Íi
web¨vm K‡i G MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib| hv cieZx©‡Z ÒZvevKvZ Beb mvÔ`Ó bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| GwU G
wel‡q me©cÖ_g I me©e„nr MÖš’| BqvnBqv Beb gCÔb (in.) [g„. 233 wn.] iwPZ ÒwKZveyZ ZvixL Iqvj
BjvjÓ, ÒgvÔwidvZzi wiRvjÓ,ÒAvj-Kzbv Iqvj AvmgvÓ; Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx (in.) [g„. 234 wn.] ÒwKZveyZ
ZvevKvZÓ cÖYqb K‡ib; Avngv` Beb nv¤^j (in.) [g„.234 wn.] ÒAvZ-ZvixLÓ,ÒAvj-Bjvjy Iqvi wiRvjÓ
cÖf…wZ; Ljxdv Beb Lv&BqvZ (in.) [g„. 240 wn.]ÒwKZveyZ ZvevKvZÓ iPbv K‡ib; Bgvg Avj-eyLvix (in.)
[g„. 256 wn.] ÒAvZ-ZvixLyj KvexiÓ (eY©vbyµwgK MÖš’),ÒZvixLyj AvImvZÓ (mbvbyµwgK MÖš’), ÒZvixLym
mMxiÓ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Bgvg gymwjg (in.) [g„. 261 wn.] iwPZ ÒiæqvZzj BÔwZeviÓ;
Beb Avey LvBmvgv hynvBi Beb nvie Avj-evM`v`x (in.) [g„. 279 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒwKZveyZ ZvixLÓ; Avey
hyiAvÔivhx (in.) [g„. 280 wn.] I Avey nvwZg ivhx cÖYxZ ÒAvZ-ZvixLy Iqv Bjvwji wiRvj; Ges Bgvg
wZiwghx (in.) [ g„.279 wn.] ÒAvj-BjvjÓ,ÒwKZveyZ ZvixLÓ MÖš’Øq iPbvi ga¨ w`‡q wiRvj kv‡¯¿ Ae`vb
†i‡LwQ‡jb |
wnRix PZz_© kZvãx
Z„Zxq kZvwã‡Z wiRvj kv¯¿ Pig DbœwZ I DrKl© mvwaZ nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq G kZvãx‡ZI M‡elYv
Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| G‡Z †h mKj M‡elK gynvwÏm wiRvj kv¯¿ DrKl© mva‡b Ae`vb iv‡Lb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Beb
Lyiivg ûmvBb Beb Bìxm (in.) [g„. 301 wn.] iwPZ ÒwKZveyZ ZvixLÓ, Bgvg bvmvC in.(g„. 303) cÖYxZ
ÒAvZ-ZvgChÓ, Bebyj Rviƒ` (in.) [g„. 307 wn.] iwPZ ÒwKZveyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÓ, Beb Avey nvwZg
ivhx (in.) [g„. 327 wn.] msKwjZ ÒwKZveyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÓ, ÒAvj-KzbvÓ, ÒBjvjyj nv`xmÓ, Beb
wneŸvb ey¯Íx (in.) [g„.354 wn.] 10 L‡Ð iwPZ ÒwKZveyj AvInvg Iqvj BnvgÓ,ÒwKZveym wmKvZÓ,
ÒgvÔwidvZz gvRiænxbÓ, ÒAvmvgx gvb BqvÔwiwdj KzbvÓ cÖf„wZ| G QvovI Bgvg Beb Av`x (in.) [g„. 365
wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-Kvwgj wd` `yÕAvdvÓ, ÒgyÔRvg dx AvmgvBk ïq~LÓ cÖf…wZ Ges Bgvg `vivKzZbx (in.)
[g„.385wn.] Gi ÒwKZveyh hyAvÔdvÓ,ÒAvj-gyÔZvjvd Iqvj gyLZvjvdÓ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|55
wnRix cÂg kZvãx
wnRix PZz_© kZ‡K nv`xm PP©vq †h aviv Abym„Z n‡qwQj cÂg kZ‡K †m avivi wKQzUv e¨Z¨q N‡U| G
hy‡Mi gynvwÏmMY BwZnv‡m D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gh©v`v jvf Ki‡jI c~e©eZx gynvwÏmM‡Yi mgvb cÖwZfvevb wQ‡jb bv
| G kZ‡K wiRvj kv‡¯¿ hviv Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Bgvg Avey Avwãjøvn Avj-nv‡Kg
(in.) [g„. 405 wn.] iwPZ ÒgvÔwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ,ÒZvivwRgyk kvqLÓ; Bgvg Avey eKi Beb gvi`~qvBn
55 Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, L.3, cÖv¸³, c„.132
212
Avj-B¯úvnvbx (in.) [g„. 416 wn.], Avj-nvmvb Beb Lvjøvj Avj-evM`v`x (in.) [g„. 439 wn.], Avey Bqvjv
Avj-Lwjjx (in.) [g„. 446 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-Bikv`Ó, Avj-evqnvKx (in.) [g„. 458 wn.], LZxe Avj-
evM`v`x (in.) [g„. 463 wn.] Gi Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨|56
wnRix lô kZvãx
G kZvãx‡Z wiRvj kv‡¯¿i wewfbœ kvLv Z_v ivexM‡Yi wek¦¯ÍZv, `ye©jZv, bvg-Dcvwa, Dcbvg, Rb¥-g„Zz¨,
BZ¨vw` wewfbœ welq Aej¤^‡b MÖš’ iwPZ nq| G kZ‡K Bebyj RvIhx, Ave~j dhj Beb Zvwni Avj-
gvKw`mx, Beb wekKvj Beb AvmvwKi I Avey eKi Avj-nvwhgx (in.) cÖgyL cÖL¨vZ wiRvjwe`MY G kv‡¯¿
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|57
wnRix mßg kZvãx
wnRix mßg kZ‡K gymwjg Rvnv‡b Pig `y‡f©vM †b‡g Av‡m| ZvZvi †bZv †Pw½m Lv‡bi †`․wnÎ nvjvKz
Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ ee©‡ivwPZ nvgjvq (654 wn.) †MvUv gymwjg we‡k¦ GK fqven •bivR¨Ki cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq|
ZrKvjxb Ávb-weÁv‡bi †K›`ª¯’j bv‡g L¨vZ Biv‡Ki evM`v` bMixi wek¦weL¨vZ jvB‡eªwimg~n fw¯§f~Z nq,
aŸsmcÖvß nq gymwjg‡ì A‡bK ag©xqMÖš’, BwZnvm-HwZn¨ I ¯’vcZ¨wkí| gymwjg‡ì G Pig msKUKv‡j
†h mKj gbxlx wiRvj welqK M‡elYvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib Zviv n‡jb, Beb mvjvn (in.), evKx Avj-
gybwhix (in.) I Beby gydvhhvj Avj-gvKwm`x (in.) cÖg~L|58
wnRix Aóg kZvãx
G kZ‡K wiRvj kv¯¿ welqK eû MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwe` nvwdh BgvgyÏxb Beb
Kvmxi (in.) [g„.774 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvZ-Zvmnxj dx gvÔwidvwZ wmKvn Iqv` `yAvÔdv Iqvj gvhûjÓ Ges
wewkó gynvwÏm Beby mvwq¨w`b bvm (in.) [g„.759 wn.] iwPZ ÒZvnmxjyj Bmvev dx Zvd`xwjm mvnvevÓ
D‡jøL‡hvM¨|59 G QvovI wmwiqvi cÖwm× nv`xmwe` nvwdh Aveyj nv¾vR Avj-wgh&hx (in.) [g„.742 wn.]
KZ©…K wiRvj wel‡q 21 L‡Ð iwPZ ÒZvwheyj KvgvjÓ Ges hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏm Bgvg nvwdh Avh-hvnvex (in.)
[g„. 748 wn.] iwPZ ÒZvhwKivZzj ûddvhÓ,Òwmqviæ AvÔjvwgb byevjvÓ,Òwghvbyj BÔwZ`vjÓ I ÒZvRiƒ`y
AvmgvBm mvnvevÓ cÖf…wZ G kZ‡Ki †kÖô Dcnvi|60 G QvovI Bgvg hvnvex (in.) Gi weL¨vZ iPbv n‡jv-
ÒZvwiLyj Bmjvg Iqv IqvdvqvZzj gvkvnxi Iqvj AvÕjvgÓ MÖš’wU| G‡Z Bmjv‡gi †M․i‡ev¾¡j BwZnvm
Ges wek¦weL¨vZ we`» Djvgv‡ì Rxebx ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i 50 L‡Ð wekvj G MÖš’wU cÖKvk Kiv nq|
wnRix beg kZvãx
G kZvãx‡Z wiRvj kv¯¿ µg‡bœvwZi kx‡l© Avmxb nq| G AMÖMwZi cðv‡Z hvi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh© wZwb G
kZvãxi †kÖô nv`xmwe`, nv`xmfvl¨Kvi I wiRvj kv¯¿ we‡klÁ Bgvg nvwdh Avngv` Beb nvRvi
AvjÔAvmKvjvbx (in.) [g„. 852 wn.] G wel‡q †ek wKQz MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU
n‡”Q, ÒZvnhxeyZ ZvnhxeÓ, Òwjmvbyj gxhvbÓ, ÒAvj-Bmvev wd ZvgwqwhR mvnvevÓ, ÒZvevKvZzj
gy`vwjømxbÓ cÖf…wZ| 61 G Qvov Beb gyjv°xb (in.) [g„. 804 wn.] iwPZ `yywU weL¨vZ MÖš’ ÒZvevKvZzj
gynvwÏmxbÓ I ÒAvj-Kvgvj dx gvÔwidvwZi wiRvjÓ Ges kvqL RvgvjDÏxb gynv¤§` Zvwni cvÆbx wmÜx
(in.) [g„. 986 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒAvj-gyMbxÓI ÒAvmgvDi wiRvjÓ cÖf„wZ|62
56 cÖv¸³
57 cÖv¸³, c„.132
58 W. †gvn¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, Dj~gyj nv`xQ, ivRkvnx: †m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP, 2000wLª., c„.121
59 m¤úv`bv cwil`, Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, L.3, cÖv¸³, c„.133
60 Avj-whwiKjx, Avj-AvÔjvg, ‣eiƒZ: `viæj Bjg wjj gvjvqxb, 2002wLª., L. 8, c„.178
61 Avj-whwiKjx, cÖv¸³, c„.236-37
62 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„.146-47
213
5.8 wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK cÖwm× MÖš’

K. mvnvevM‡Yi Rxeb-PwiZ welqK MÖš’
KyiAvb-nv`x‡mi eû evYx mvnvexM‡Yi b¨vqcivqYZv I mZëvw`Zvi cÖgvY †ck K‡i| Zuv‡ì RxebPwiZ
wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q eû MÖš’| G iPbvi gv‡b Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †K wek¦¯Í Avi †K Awek¦¯Í Zv AbymÜvb Kiv bq;
eis Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †K, KLb, †Kv_vq Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib KZw`b wcÖq bexwRi ms¯úk© jv‡f ab¨ n‡q‡Qb;
Avi KLb, †Kv_vq Zv‡ì BwšÍKvj n‡q‡Q Ges Kvi wbKU †_‡K KZ Lvbv nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Kviv Zuvi
†_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb cÖf„wZ welq ÁvbvR©b Kiv| G me welq Øviv wbwðZfv‡e Rvbv hvq †h, DwjøwLZ
e¨w³ mvnvex wQ‡jb bvwK ZvweÔC wQ‡jb| mvnvexM‡Yi RxebPwiZ welqK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU MÖš’ n‡”Q,
Beb Avwãj evi (in.) [g„.463 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-BmwZAvÔe wd gvÕwidvwZj AvmnveÓ, BhhyÏxb Bebyj
Avmxi (in.) [g„.630 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒDm`yj Mvevn dx gvÔwidvwZm mvnvevÓ, Bgvg Avh-hvnvex (in.) [g„.
748 wn.] KZ©„K iwPZ ÒZvRix`y AvmgvBm mvnvevÓ Ges nvwdh Avngv` Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx
(in.) [g„.852 wn.] msKwjZ ÒAvj-BmvevÓ cÖf…wZ|63
L. wbf©i‡hvM¨ (‫ (ثقح‬ivexMY‡K wb‡q iwPZ MÖš’
‡Kej wmKvn Z_v wbf©i‡hvM¨ nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q eû MÖš’| Zb¥‡a¨ K‡qKwU wb¤œiƒc-
nvwdh Avngv` Beb Avwãjøvn Avj-AvRvjx (in.) [g„.261 wn.] Avey nvwZg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Avj-ey¯Íx
(in.) [g„.354 wn.], Avey nvdm Dgi Beb Avngv` Beb kvnxb (in.) [g„. 385 wn.] Ges hvBbyÏxb Kvwmg
Beb KzZjyevMv (in.) [g„.879 wn.] cÖgyL gbxlxeM© ÒwKZveym wmKvZÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wmKvn ivex cÖm‡½ Avjv`v
Avjv`v MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| Avevi Beb `veŸvM (in.) [g„. 546 wn.], Bebyj gydvhhvj Avj-gvKw`mx (in.)
[g„.616 wn.], Bgvg Avh-hvnvex (in.) [g„.748 wn.] iwPZ ÒZvhwKivZzj ûddvhÓ, nvwdh Beb nvRvi Avj-
AvmKvjbx (in.) [g„. 852 wn.], Bgvg Rvjvj DwÏb Avm-myq~Zx (in.) [g„.911 wn.], gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§`
Avj-nvwkgx (in.) Ges ZKx DÏxb Beb dvnv` cÖgyL gbxlxeM© ÒZvevKvZzj ûddvhÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wmKvn
ivex cÖm‡½ c„_K c„_K MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib| 64
M. A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wbf©i‡hvM¨ (‫ (ثقح‬ivexMY‡K wb‡q iwPZ MÖš’
A‡bK nv`xmwe` hÔCd Z_v A‡cÿvK…Z Kg wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivexMY‡K wb‡q Avjv`vfv‡e MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
Zb¥‡a¨ cÖwm× KwZcqMÖš’ n‡”Q-
wKZveyh hyÔAvdv
G wel‡q hy‡M hy‡M hviv Kjg a‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Bgvg Bebyj gv`vbx (in.) [g„. 234 wn.], Bebyj eviKx
(in.) (g„. 294 wn.), Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) [g„. 256 wn.], Avey RvÔdi
gynv¤§` Beb Avgi Beb gymv Avj-DKvBjx in.[g„. 322 wn.], Avey bvÔCg Avãyj gvwjK Beb gynv¤§` Beb
Av`x Avj-RyiRvbx in.[g„.323 wn.], Avey Avjx mvÔC` Beb Dmgvb Beb mvÔC` Bebym mvKvb (in.) [g„.
353 wn.], Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` Beb ûmvBb Beb Avngv` Beb Avwãjøvn Avj-Avh`x (in.) [g„. 374 wn.],
Avey nvdm Dgi Beb Avngv` Beb Dmgvb Beb Avngv` Avj-eM`v`x (in.) [g„. 385 wn.], Avey
Avwãjøvn gynv¤§` Beb Avwãjøvn Avj-nvwKg (in.) [g„. 405 wn.], Avey eKi gynv¤§` gynv¤§` Beb g~mv Beb
Dmgvb Avj-nvwhgx (in.) [g„. 584 wn.], Avãyi ingvb Beb Aveyj nvmvb Avjx Beb gynv¤§` (in.) [g„.
597 wn.] I Bgvg nvmvb mvMvbx jv‡nvix in.[g„. 650 wn.] cÖgyL ÒwKZveyh hyÔAvdvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g m¦Zš¿fv‡e
MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|65
63 Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, L.3, cÖv¸³, c„.142-43

64 gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, cÖv¸³, c„.115, AvÔRgx, cÖv¸³, c„.121
65 we.`ª.: W. Dgi Beb nvmvb dvjvZv, Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xm, w`gvkK: gvKZvevZzj Mvhvjx, 1981wLª., c„.383-444
214
Avh-hyÔAvdv
Abyiƒcfv‡e Bgvg Avey Avngv` Beb Avjx Beb gynv¤§` Bebyj Rviƒ` (in.) [g„. 299 wn.], Bgvg Avey
BqvnBqv hvKvwiqv Beb BqvnBqv Beb Avãyi ingvb Avm-mvRx (in.) [g„.307 wn.], Avey evkvi gynv¤§`
Beb Avngv` Beb nvg¥v` Av`-`vIjvex (in.) [g„. 310 wn.], gynv¤§` Beb Avngv` Beb Zvgxg Avj-
gvMwiex Avj-AvdwiKx (in.) [g„.333 wn.] Ges BmgvCj Beb Avgi Beb Kvmxi (in.) [g„.774 wn.] G
wel‡q ÒAvh-hÔyAvdvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Avjv`vfv‡e MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|66
Avh-hyÔAvdv Iqvj gvZiƒKxb
G wel‡q Avey Dmgvb mvC` Beb Avgi Avj-Avh`x Avj-evihvÔC in.[g„. 292 wn.], Bgvg Avb-bvmvCÔ
(in.) [g„ 303 wn.], Avjx Beb Igi Beb Avngv` Bebyj gvn`x Avj-evM`v`x Av`-`vivKzZbx (in.) [g„.
385 wn.] Ges Avjx Beb Dmgvb Beb Beªvnxg (in.) [g„.683 wn.]ÒAvh-hyÔAvdv Iqvj gvZiƒKxbÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g m¦Zš¿¨fv‡e MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|67 GQvovI Avey nvwZg gynv¤§` Beb wneŸvb Beb Avngv` Beb
wneŸvb AvZ-Zvgxgx Avj-ey¯Íx (in.) [g„.354 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒwKZveyj gvRiænxb wgbvj gynvwÏmxbÓ, Avey
Avngv` Avãyjøvn Beb Av`x Beb Avãyjøvn (in.) [g„.365 wn.] iwPZ ÒwKZveyj Kvwgj dx hyÔAvdv Bi
wiRvjÓ, Beb Zvwni Avj-gvKmv`x (in.) [g„.448 wn.] msKwjZ ÒZvKwgjvZzj KvwgjÓ, Bgvg hvnvex
(in.) [g„.748 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒwÌqvbyh hyÔAvdv Iqvj gvZiƒKxbÓ,ÒAvj-gyMbxÓ,Ògxhvbyj BÔwZ`vjÓ, Avjøvgv
nvwdh Beb nvRvi AvjÔAvmKvjvbx (in.) [g„. 852 wn.] cÖYxZ Òwjmvbyj wghvbÓ Ges Kvwmg Beb
KzZjyeMv (in.) [g„. 889 wn.] iwPZ ÒZvKexgyj wjmvb wdh-hyÔAvdvÓ cÖf…wZ MÖ‡š’i bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|68
N. ivexM‡Yi bvg, Dcbvg, Dcvwa welqK MÖš’
GKB bv‡g A‡bK nv`xm eY©bvKvix wQ‡jb| Zvu‡ì cwiPq my¯úófv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi R‡b¨ Ges GKRb‡K
AciRb †_‡K Avjv`v Kivi wbwg‡Ë wiRvjkv¯¿we`MY ivexM‡Yi †h bv‡gi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Gi mv‡_ mv‡_
Zvui Dcbvg Kx, Dcvwa Kx, Avevi whwb Zvui jK‡e cwiwPZ Zvui Avmj bvg Kx Zv Zvuiv AbymÜvb
Pvwj‡q‡Qb| iPbv K‡i‡Qb G wel‡q A‡bK g~jëvb MÖš’| G wel‡q hviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨,
Avjx Bebyj gvw`bx (in.) [g„.234wn.], Bgvg Avb-bvmvC (in.) [g„.303 wn.], Bgvg Av`-`vIjvex (in.)
[g„.310wn.] Beb wneŸvb Avj-ey¯Íx (in.) [g„.354wn.], Avj-nvwKg wbkvcyix (in.) [g„.405wn.], Avey eKi
wmivRx (in.) [g„.407wn.], Beb Avwãj evi (in.) [g„.407wn.],Aveyj dhj (in.) [g„.467wn.], Bebyj
RvIhx (in.) [g„.577wn.], Bgvg Avh-hvnvex (in.) [g„.748wn.], Beb nvRvi AvjÔAvmKvjvbx (in.)
[g„.852wn.] cÖgy‡Li bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ |69
O. nv`xm MÖš’wfwËK ivexM‡Yi ch©v‡jvPbv welqK MÖš’
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv nv`xmwe` we‡kl nv`xmMÖ‡š’i ivexM‡Yi RxebPwiZ wb‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- mnxûj
eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z ivexMY‡K wb‡q Avey bmi Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Avj-Kvjvevhx (in.) [g„. 398 wn.]
ÒAvmgvDi wiRvwj mnxwnj eyLvixÓ cÖYqb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb `vD` Avj-Ky`yix (in.)
[g„.928 wn.] GKB wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avey eKi Avngv` Beb Avjx B¯úvnvbx Ges Beb
gvbRyIqvn (in.) [g„. 428 wn.] cÖgyL Òmnxn gymwjgÓ Gi ivexM‡Yi Dci RxebxMÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Avevi
mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡gi ivexMY‡K wb‡q wnevZzjøvn Bewbj nvmvb AvZ-Zvevix (in.) [g„.418
wn.],Avj-mvMvbx (in.) [g„.498wn.],Avãyj MYx Avj-eyinvbx (in.) [g„.1174 wn.] cÖgyL G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv
66 cÖv¸³
67 cÖv¸³
68 cÖv¸³, gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 121-122
69 cÖv¸³, c„. 123-124
215
K‡ib| Bgvg gvwjK (in.) iwPZ ÒAvj-gyÔAvËvÓ MÖ‡š’i ivexM‡Yi Dci wnevZzjøvn Bewbj nvmvb AvZ-
Zvevix (in.) [g„. 418 wn.] ÒwiRvjyj gyÔAvËvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib, G Qvov Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb
myqyZxI (in.) [g„.911 wn.] G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|Ògymbv`y Avngv`Ó MÖ‡š’i wiRvjM‡Yi gynv¤§` Beb
Avjx Avj-ûmvBbx (in.) (g„. 765wn.) ÒAvj-BKgvj Avb gvbdx gvmbvw` Avngv` wgbvi wiRvjÓ MÖš’wU
cÖYqb K‡ib| Òmybvbyj AvievÔAvÓ(Avey `vD`, bvmvC, wZiwghx, Beb gvRvn) MÖš’ivwRi ivexM‡Yi Dci
Avngv` Beb Avngv` Avj-Kz`yix (in.) [g„.763 wn.] MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Òwmnvn wmËvnÓ Gi ivexM‡Yi
Rxebx GK‡Î Avey gynv¤§` Avãyj MYx Avj-gvKw`mx (in.) [g„.600wn.] KZ©„K iwPZ ÒAvj-KvgvjÓ MÖ‡š’
mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| Bgvg Z¡nvex (in.) iwPZ Òkiû gvqvwbj AvmviÓ Gi ivexMY‡K wb‡q nvwdR eìæÏxb
AvBbx MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Zv ÒKvkdyj AvmZviÓ bv‡g kvqL mv‡neyj Bjg wmÜx cÖKvk K‡ib|
G QvovI eû gbxlx G wel‡q MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb|70
P. gyiwmj I gy`vwjøm ivexM‡Yi RxebPwiZ welqK MÖš’

gyiwmj I gy`vwjøm ivexM‡Yi RxebPwiZ wb‡qI c„_K c„_K MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q me©cÖ_g Kjg
a‡ib Bgvg kvwdCÔ (in.) Gi QvÎ ûmvBb Beb Avjx Beb Bqvhx` Avj-Kvivevmx (in.) [g„.248 wn.]|
AZtci Bgvg bvmvÔC (in.) [g„.303wn.] Ges `viv KzZbx (in.) [g„. 385 wn.] MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zv‡ì ci
ÒRvwgÔDZ ZvnwmjÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avjvqx (in.) MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| LZxe Avj-evM`v`x (in.) [g„.463
wn.] G wel‡qi Ici wZbwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv gy`vjwjm ivexM‡Yi bvg m¤^wjZ
ÒAvZ-ZveÔCb wj AvmgvÔBj gy`vjwjmxbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Ges Aci `yÔwU Zv`wjm msµvšÍ| G Qvov Bebyj
nvjvex (in.) iwPZ ÒAvZ-ZveÔCb wj AvmgvÔBj gy`vjwjmxbÓ Ges Beb nvRvi (in.) iwPZ ÒZvevKvZzj
gy`vjwjmxbÓ G‡Z wZwb 152 Rb gy`vjwjm ivexi bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Aciw`‡K Beb Avex nvZxg Avi-
ivqx in. [g„. 327 wn.] †Kej gyimvj ivexM‡Yi Rxebx wb‡q Avjv`vfv‡e ÒAvj-gvivwmjy wj Beb Avex
nvZxgÓ wk‡ivbv‡g MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| G wel‡q LZxe Avj-evM`v`x (in.) iwPZ ÒwKZveyZ Zvdmxj wj
gyenvwgj gvivmxjÓ, Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) iwPZ ÒAvj-gvivwmjy wj Avex `vD`Ó Ges Bgvg AvjvÔC Gi
ÒRvwgÔDZ Zvnwmj AvnKvgyj gvivmxj wjj AvjvÔCÓ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|71
Q. nv`xm RvjKvix‡ì RxebPwiZ welqK MÖš’
`~e©j I cwiZ¨³ ivexM‡Yi Rxebx Av‡jvPbvq RvjKvix wg_y¨K‡ì cÖvq mKj ivexi Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q|
Zvic‡iI gynvwÏmMY m¦Zš¿¨fv‡e nv`xm RvjKvix‡ì Rxebx welqK MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb- Bgvg
nvjvex iwPZ ÒAvj-Kvkdzj nv`xmÓ Ges kvqL RvgvjDÏxb gynv¤§` Zvwni cvÆbx wmÜx (in.) [g„. 986 wn.]
cÖYxZ ÒKvb~byj gvIhyqvZÓ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|72
R. Rvj nv`xm welqK MÖš’
mnxn nv`xmmg~n evQvB Kivi c‡i Rvj nv`xm wb‡q MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRb _v‡K bv| wiRvj we‡klÁ
gynvwÏme„›` Avmj I bKj `ywU welq‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c„_K K‡i RbMY‡K cÖZviYv †_‡K euvPv‡bvi ZvwM‡`
Ges Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai me©‡kl eë¯’v wn‡m‡e Avjv`v MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wb‡¤œ G wel‡qi cÖwm×
KwZcq MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv- Beb RvIhx nv¤^jx (in.) [g„. 577 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-gvIRyÔAvZÓ,
Bgvg mvMvbx jv‡nvix (in.) [g„. 650 wn.] cÖYxZ ÒAv`-`yiviæj gyjZvKvZÓ, kvqL RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx
(in.) [g„. 911 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-jvwjDj gvmbyAvÔ dx Avnv`xwmj gvIhyÔAvnÓ,ÒAv`-`yiviæj gybZvwkivnÓ,
70 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 124-126

71 W. gvngy` AvZ-Z¡vnnvb, cÖv¸³, c„.73,85, gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 122
216
Bgvg mvLvex (in.) [g„. 902 wn.] iwPZ ÒAvj-gvKvwm`yj nvmvbvnÓ, †gvjøv Avjx Kvix (in.) [g„. 1014 wn.]
iwPZ ÒAvj-gvmby wdj Avnv`xwmj gvIRyÓ Ges ÒZvhwKivZyj gvIRyqvZÓ wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL RvgvjDÏxb
gynv¤§` Zvwni cvÆbx wmÜx (in.) [g„. 986 wn.] G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| 73G QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK gbxlx
G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv K‡i RvwZ‡K cÖZviK‡ì cÖZviYv †_‡K euvPv‡bvi Kv‡R AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib|
5.9 evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ PP©v: DrcwË I weKvk aviv
evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq †h, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB
Aviex fvlvq iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm MÖš’mg~n †_‡K †g․wLKfv‡e Abyev‡ì avivq Gi PP©v P‡j Avm‡Q eûKvj
c~e© †_‡KB| Avi G ‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB nv`xmwekvi`MY nv`x‡mi mb` we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b
Aviex wKsev Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq iwPZ wiRvjyj nv`xm Abyev‡ì gva¨‡g †g․wLK avivq Zv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
Dm~jyj nv`xm wKsev wiRvjyj nv`xm KLb †_‡K evsjv fvlvq Abyev` wKsev MÖš’ msKjb ïiæ nq Zv wbwðZ
K‡i ejv KwVb| AbymÜv‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki Av‡M evsjv fvlvq wjwLZ †Kv‡bv Dm~jyj nv`xm
wKsev wiRvj kv‡¯¿i Aw¯ÍZ¡ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| 1966 mv‡j me©cÖ_g D³ wel‡q evsjv fvlvq gvIjvbv b~i
gynv¤§` AvRgx (in.) iwPZ Ônv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvmÕ MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq cieZ©x‡Z
evsjvfvlx eû nv`xmwekvi` G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbvi aviv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| G Aa¨v‡q D³ wel‡q evsjv fvlvq
iwPZ Abyev`g~jK ev msKwjZ MÖ‡š’i aib I cÖK…wZ †Kgb Zvi AbymÜvb, wePvi-we‡kølY I cvh©v‡jvPbv
KivB g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨| wb‡¤œ `kK wfwËK web¨¯Í K‡i D³ wel‡q mwe¯Ív‡i Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
5.10 evsjv fvlvq cÖYxZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš:’ ¯îƒc I
•ewkó¨ wePvi
wb‡¤œ `kK wfwËK evsjv fvlvq Abyev`g~jK ev msKwjZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xm welqK MÖš’ Ges
†m¸‡jvi aib I cÖK…wZ, wePvi-we‡kølY I ch©v‡jvPbv mwe¯Ív‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv-
lv‡Ui `k‡K iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš’: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
1. nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I BwZnvm
MÖš’Kvi : gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (1900-72), cÖKvk¯’vb: Gg`vw`qv cy¯ÍKvjq (cÖvt) wjt, PK evRvi,
XvKv; cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-1966, cybg©y`Yª -(2) gvP©, 2008 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 303, g~j¨: 350 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : Av‡jvP¨ MÖš’wU GKB gjv‡U `yB L‡Ð wef³| cÖ_g LÐwU g~jZ wgkKvZ kix‡di f‚wgKv
wn‡m‡e iwPZ n‡qwQj| GwU PviwU Aa¨v‡q fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| ms‡ÿ‡c Gi welqe¯‘ n‡”Q Ñ Qzbœvn ev nv`xm:
Drm, †kÖwY wefvM, nv`xm kv‡¯¿i KwZcq cwifvlv; nv`x‡mi wKZve : ¯Íi I †kÖwY web¨vm; mnxnvB‡bi
evwn‡iI mnxn nv`xm Av‡Q, nv`x‡mi msL¨v, kixq‡Z mybœv‡Zi ¯’vb; nv`x‡mi †ndvRZ: mvnvex‡ì nv`xm
wkÿvKiY, wjLb, AvgjKiY, mvnvex‡ì nv`xm eY©bvi msL¨vi wfwË‡Z ¯Íi web¨vm, nv`xm †jLvi
µgweKvk, Zv‡eC I ZveDZ-Zv‡eC‡ì nv`xm wkÿv KiY I wjLb, Bgvg gv‡jK, Bgvg kv‡dqx, Bgvg
Avng` Beb nv¤^j, wmnvn wmËvi msKjK I msKjb cÖm½, nv`xm Rvj I Zvi cÖwZKvi, Rvin I
ZvÕ`xjKvix KwZcq cÖwm× Bgvg Ges KwZcq cÖwm× MÖš’ |74G MÖ‡š’i wØZxq L‡Ð fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k
nv`xm kv‡¯¿i AvMgb, weKv‡ki BwZnvm Ges G‡`kxq †h mKj Ijvgv I cÖwZôv‡bi Bjwg nv`xm cÖPvi-
cÖmv‡i Ae`vb i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK„wZ cÖm‡½ wee„Z n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ evsjv‡`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v

74 we.`ª.: gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. (m~PxcÎ) 1-3
217
welqK Aa¨v‡q RxweZ I g„Z 299 Rb gynvwÏ‡mi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© mswÿßvKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡š’i †kl fv‡M evsjv‡`‡ki 41wU eo eo gvìvmvi mswÿß eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G‡Z
gynvwÏmM‡Yi Rxebx Dc¯’vc‡b MÖš’vKvi h‡_ó mZZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi BwZnv‡m
G MÖš’wU M‡elYvjä, Z_ëûj I Zvrch©c~Y©| ZvB MÖš’wU Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi Ávb wccvmy‡ì gv‡S e¨vcKfv‡e
mvov RvwM‡q‡Q|
mË‡ii `k‡K iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš:’ ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
2. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm
MÖš’Kvi : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg (in.), cÖKvk Kvj : 1970 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 492 ms¯‥iY: 16Zg,
cÖKvk¯’vb : Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, 45,evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvmÕ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg (in.) Gi Agi m„wó| wZwb 1961
n‡Z 65 mvj ch©šÍ `xN© Pvi eQ‡ii e¨vcK Aa¨qb I Mfxi M‡elYvi gva¨‡g MÖš’Lvbv iPbv K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’
nv`x‡mi wewfbœ w`K cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: G‡Z nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKiY,
welqe¯‘, mb` I gZb, Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ïk¨ KziAvb I nv`x‡mi cv_©K¨, Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vq nv`x‡mi
¸iæZ¡, nv`xm msiÿY, nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb, wnRix Z…Zxq kZ‡K nv`xm PP©v, gymbv` cÖYqb, nv`xm
msKj‡bi P‚ovšÍ ch©vq, QqLvbv wewkó nv`xm MÖš’, PZz_© kZ‡K Bjwg nv`xm, PZz_© `k‡Ki c‡i nv`xm MÖš’
cÖYqb, mßg I Aóg kZ‡K nv`x‡mi PP©v, wewfbœ †`‡k nv`xm PP©v, nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni ch©vq wefvM, nv`xm
RvjKiY, Gi KviY I cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’v, nv`xm mgv‡jvPbvi c×wZ I nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì †kÖwY wefvM
cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci cvK-fvi‡Z Bjwg nv`xm, e½‡`‡k nv`xm kv‡¯¿i,
Bjwg nv`xm ebvg Agymwjg gbxlxe„›` BZ¨vw` wel‡q 488 c„ôvi GK wekvj K‡je‡ii Bjwg nv`x‡mi
BwZnvm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi GK Awe¯§iYxq c`‡ÿc|
3. Bgvg gymwjg
MÖš’Kvi : Aa¨vcK gyRxeyi ingvb, cÖKvkbvq : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : A‡±vei, 1979
wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 50, g~j¨ : 6 UvKv| evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z iwPZ G eB‡q Bgvg gymwj‡gi Rxebx, nv`xm
msKjb cÖYq‡b Zuvi Ae`vb I gymwjg kix‡di •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© mviMf© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Avwki `k‡K iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš:’ ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
4. nv`xm cwiwPwZ : fviZ-evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvZt¯§iYxq AvDwjqv I gynvwÏQxb
MÖš’Kvi : gvIjvbv idxK Avng` †gvnivex, cÖKvkbvq : Avkivwdqv jvB‡eªwi, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj :
1g ms¯‥iY-AvMó, 1989 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 144, g~j¨ : 33 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : PÆMÖv‡gi Avj-Rv‡gqvZzj Bmjvwgqv cwUqvi Zvdmxi I nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcK, L¨vZbvgv Avwjg,
†jLK I M‡elK gvIjvbv idxK Avng` M‡elYvixwZ AbymiYc~e©K G MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wU wZb fv‡M
wef³| Gi cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q i‡q‡Q nv`xm cwiwPwZ, cwifvlv I †kÖwY wefvM, nv`xm msKjb, wmnvn wmËvni
MÖš’vKvi I MÖš’ivwRi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q i‡q‡Q fvi‡Zi Bjwg nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm
cÖm½| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm I evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vq
fviZxq AvIjxqv I wewkó gynv‡Ïmx‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wklë„‡›ì Ae`vb kxl©K Av‡jvPbv| AZtci PÆMÖv‡g
`viæj Dj~g gyCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix, Avj-RvwgÕAv Avj-Bmjvwgqv cwUqvmn KIgx avivi eû gynvwÏ‡mi
Rxebx I Ae`vb D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU †QvU n‡jI Zv GKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨ wKZve wn‡m‡e Avwjg mgv‡Ri
Kv‡Q we‡ewPZ|
218
5. wQnvn wmËvnÕi ivex cwiwPZ

MÖš’Kvi : nv‡dR gynv¤§` Imgvb Mwb, cÖKvkbvq : gynv¤§` nvQvb I gnwmb, PÆMÖvg, cÖKvkKvj : cÖ_g
cÖKvk-Ryb, 1988wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 184, g~j¨ : 80 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ wmnvn wmËvq ewY©Z 531 Rb ivexi
mswÿß Rxebx DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wUi †klvs‡k cÖ_g ¯Íi, wØZxq ¯Íi Ges Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii ivex‡ì bvg I
Zuv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨vi ¯úó ZvwjKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
beŸB‡qi `k‡K iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš:’ ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
6. nv`xm eY©bvKvix GKkZ mvnvex
MÖš’Kvi : gynv¤§` QvBdzÏxb, cÖKvkbvq : nK jvB‡eªwi, 38/2, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : 1g ms¯‥iY-
gvP©, 1991 wLª., 2q ms¯‥iY-GwcÖj, 1993 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 184, g~j¨ : 36 UvKv| G MÖ‡š’ †h mKj
mvnvex Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e AwaK msL¨K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges nv`xm eY©bvKvix wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ AR©b
K‡i‡Qb G ai‡bi GKkZ mvnvexi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB mv‡_ wmnvn wmËvÕi •ewkó¨,
msKj‡Ki Rxebx I Ae`vb Ges nv`xmkv¯¿ m¤úwK©Z KwZcq cwifvlv mswÿßmv‡i mij evsjvq Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q|
7. nv`x‡mi cwiPq
MÖš’Kvi : wRjnR Avjx, cÖKvk ¯’vb : mxgvšÍ cÖKvkbx, h‡kvi Avgxwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv, Lvjavi †ivW,
h‡kvi| cÖKvkKvj : cÖ_g cÖKvk- †deªyqvix, 1992 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 48, g~j¨ : 9 UvKv| G‡Z nv`xm
kv‡¯¿i KwZcq cwifvlv, nv`x‡mi †kÖwYwefvM, mvnvex‡ì fviZ AvMgb, Zv‡eC‡ì fviZ AvMgb, Bmjvgx
Rxeb eë¯’vq nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, wmnvn wmËv I Zvi msKjK cÖm½ BZ¨vw` wel‡q mswÿß weeiY cvIqv hvq|
eBwU AvKv‡i †QvU n‡jI LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
8. Bj‡g nv`x‡m fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ae`vb
g~j : W±i †gvnv¤§` GQnvK, Abyev`K : nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hvKvwiqv, cÖKvk ¯’vb : BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj : Ryb, 1993 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 266, g~j¨ : 60 UvKv
ch©v‡jvPbv : 1955 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§`
GQnvK (in.) Gi wcGBP.wW. w_wmm ÒIndia’s Contribution to the study of Hadith Literature”
cÖKvwkZ nq| AZtci 1993 mv‡j BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k ÒBj‡g nv`x‡m fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g D³ MÖš’wUi evsjv Abyev` cÖKvk K‡i| GwU `yB fv‡M wef³| cÖ_g fv‡M cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMgb †_‡K wb‡q ch©vqµ‡g fvi‡Zi wewfbœ cÖ‡`‡k gynvwÏmM‡Yi
Bjwg nv`x‡mi PP©vi HwZnvwmK `vwjwjK cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq fv‡M wZbwU Aa¨v‡qi eY©bvq
nv`xm kv‡¯¿ fviZxq Djvgv‡ì Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, G MÖš’wU Dcgnv‡`kxq Ijvgv‡ì
nv`xm PP©vi Ae`v‡bi GKwU cÖvgvY¨ `jxj| G M‡elYv Kg©wU m¤úvw`Z bv n‡j nq‡Zvev nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cÖvPxb
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki (Z_v mvnivbcyi I `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cÖvwZôvwbK hvÎvi c~‡e©i kvn
Iqvjx Djøvn I Avngv` mviwn›`x gyRvwÏ` Avjwd mvbx ch©šÍ gynvwÏme„‡›ì) nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`v‡bi
K_v gymwjg we‡k¦i Kv‡Q ARvbvB †_‡K †h‡Zv|
9. Avmnv‡e imy‡ji Rxeb K_v (4 LÐ)
MÖš’Kvi : gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÕey`, cÖKvkbv : evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KuvUveb, gmwR` K¨v¤úvm, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvÕey` KZ©„K Pvi L‡Ð iwPZ
ÒAvmnv‡e imy‡ji Rxeb K_vÓ MÖš’wU| hwÌ GwU mivmwi nv`xm MÖš’ bq| Z‡e GUv nv`xm msiÿYKvix I
nv`xm eY©bvKvix A‡bK mvnvexi RxebPwiZ Z_v ÔAvmgvDi wiRvjÕ m¤úwK©Z MÖš’| G RxebPwiZ iPbvq
219
†jLK Amvgvb¨ `ÿZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| nv`x‡mi mb` ch©v‡jvPbvi mgq ivex (eY©bvKvix) m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡Z n‡j G MÖš’wU LyeB dj`vqK| Gi iPbv‣kjx evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z hv mvwnZï‡m ficyi |
cÖ_g LÐ: cÖKvkKvj : 1g cÖKvk-1989wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 220, g~j¨: 90 UvKv| G‡Z cÖ_gZ: mvnvev
wKiv‡gi cwiPq cÖm‡½ 8c„ôve¨vcx GKwU AeZiwYKv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci 30 Rb mvnvexi
Rxebe„ËvšÍ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj : 1g cÖKvk-1991wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 227, g~j¨ : 110 UvKv| G‡Z me©‡gvU 62 Rb
mvnvexi Rxebv‡jL¨ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq LÐ: cÖKvkKvj : cÖ_g cÖKvk-GwcÖj, 1994 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 239, g~j¨ : 110 UvKv| G‡Z g`xbvi
Avbmvi‡ì cwiPq I 20 Rb mvnvexi Rxeb e„ËvšÍ i‡q‡Q|
PZz_© LÐ: cÖKvkKvj : cÖ_g cÖKvk-gvP©, 1998 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 264, g~j¨ :120 UvKv| G‡Z me©‡gvU 39
Rb mvnvexi Rxebx I Zv‡ì Kvh©vejx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
10. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm
MÖš’Kvi : W. G.wKD.Gg kvgmyj Avjg I W. Av.K.g. Ave`yj Kv‡ì, cÖKvkbv : D‡jøL †bB, cÖKvkKvj :
1g ms¯‥iY-†g,1993 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 140, g~j¨ : 60 UvKv
ch©v‡jvPbv : nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm MÖ‡š’i bvgKiY †_‡KB Gi Av‡jvP¨ welq Abygvb Kiv hvq| ZvB †`Lv
hvq, Gi m~Pbv‡ZB i‡q‡Q nv`xm msKj‡bi cÖvKK_b kxl©K we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AZtci wmnvn
wmËvi QqRb MÖš’Kvi Ges cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm Bgvg gvwjK (i), Bgvg Zvnvex (i.) I Bgvg beex (i) Gi Rxeb
I K‡g©i Dci we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, ZrKvjxb PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi L¨vwZgvb
Aa¨vcK W. Gg.G. Mdzi G MÖ‡š’i f‚wgKv wj‡L‡Qb| GwU evsjv fvlvq iwPZ GKwU AmvaviY MÖš’|
11. nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I cwifvlv
g~j : gvIjvbv kvn gynv¤§` Ave`yj Avhxh, Abyev` : ‡gvt AvZvDj nK, cÖKvkbv : mvDw`qv KzZzeLvbv,
wiqvR gv‡K©U, PKevRvi, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj : 1g cÖKvk 1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 64, g~j¨: 25 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I cwifvlv MÖš’wU g~jZ: dvimx fvlvq wjwLZ ÔDRvjv‡q bvwdqvÕ MÖ‡š’i evsjv
Abyev`| G‡Z nv`xm msKjK‡ì ¯Íi web¨vm, nv`xm MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ ivex‡ì bvg †h¸‡jvi evbvb GK wKš‘
D”PviY wfbœ, m¤^Ühy³ bvgmg~‡ni cwiPq, hvi wjwLZ iƒc GK wKš‘ D”PviY wfbœ, gyqvËv, eyLvix I gymwjg
kix‡d D‡jøwLZ bvgmg~‡ni mwVK D”PviY, m¤^Ühy³ bvg, Gme bvg I esk cwiPq hvi evwn¨K iƒc GK
iKg wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e wfbœ, nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cÖKvi‡f`, nhiZ kvn Ave`yj Avhxh †_‡K wb‡q nv`x‡mi weL¨vZ
fvl¨Kvi‡ì eZ©gvb ch©šÍ avivevwnK mb` BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
12. AvmgvDi wiRvj
MÖš’Kvi: gvIbvjv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi, cÖKvkbvq: Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªwi, evsjvevRvi, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj:
RyjvB,1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 198, g~j¨ : 105 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : †h mKj ivex ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì Rxeb I K‡g©i we¯Íi weeiY
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q G MÖ‡š’| MÖš’wU `yÕwU Aa¨vq I GKwU cwiwkó Øviv web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q
nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvev wKivg I Zv‡eCM‡Yi eY©bv Ges wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I wdK‡ni KwZcq wewkó
gyRZvwn` Bgv‡gi Av‡jvPbv Ges K‡qK Rb cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm Bgv‡gi mswÿß cwiPq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_gv‡a© Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, gvwjK, Avng` Beb nv¤^j, Avey BDmyd, gynv¤§` nvmvb whqv` I Bgvg
AvIhvqx (in.) cÖgyL m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| †klv‡a© i‡q‡Q wmnvn wmËv-Gi QqRb msKjK,
Bgvg Bebyj RvIhx, Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, Beb ZvBwgqv I Bgvg `vivKzZbx (in.) cÖgyL e¨w³‡Z¡i
220
Rxeb I Kg© m¤úwK©Z weeiY| †klfv‡M cwiwkó wk‡ivbv‡g KzwbqZ ev Dcbv‡g cÖwm× Ggb ivex‡ì
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq wiRvj wel‡q †Zgb †Kvb †g․wjK KvR bv _vK‡jI †jL‡Ki
GB MÖš’wU e„nËi M‡elYvi †cÖiYv `vqK my›ì GKwU MÖš’|
13. nv`xmkv¯¿ I Zvi µgweKvk
MÖš’Kvi : `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi QvÎe„›`, wkÿvel© 1415-1416 wn.RvwgÕAv kiÕBqv, cÖKvkbvq: RvwgÕAv kiÕBqv,
gvwjevM, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : 26 wW‡m¤î, 1995 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 172, g~j¨: 60 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : DwjøwLZ MÖš’wU RvwgAv kviBq¨v, gvwjevM gvìvmvi 1995 mv‡ji `vIiv‡q nv`xm wefv‡Mi
we`vqx wkÿv_x©‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z nv`xm I nv`xmkv¯¿ cwiwPwZ, nv`xm msMÖn I
msKj‡bi BwZnvm, nv`x‡mi ï×vïw× wePvi we‡køl‡Y Djvgv D¤§‡Zi f‚wgKv, Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v I
µgweKvk| nv`xm PP©v: kvn Iqvjx Djøvn †_‡K `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`, nv`xm PP©vq Djvgv‡q †Ìe›`,
evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm kv¯¿, wmnvn wmËv: msKjK cÖm½ Ges nv`xm msKjK Bgvg Z¡vnvex BZ¨vw` wel‡q cÖeÜ
iwPZ n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖ‡š’i †jLK wn‡m‡e 44 R‡bi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
14. nv`xmkv¯¿ cwiwPwZ
MÖš’Kvi : †gvnv¤§` kvgmyj nK †`․jZcyix, cÖKvkbvq : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj :
1g ms¯‥iY-gvP© 1995wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 70, g~j¨: 21 UvKv| G‡Z nv`xm cwiwPwZ, †kÖwYweb¨vm, nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm, nv`xm eY©bvi c×wZ, Rvivn I ZvÕjx`, nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì ZvwjKv, wmnvn wmËvn Gi
QqRb msKj‡Ki Rxebx I Ae`vb Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg Z¡vnvex, Bgvg gvwjK I Bgvg gynv¤§`
(in.) m¤ú‡K© mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖ‡š’ †Kvb wbN©›U D‡jøL Kiv nqwb|
15. nv`x‡mi wndvRZ I msKjb
MÖš’Kvi : gynv¤§` nviæb AvRxRx, cÖKvk ¯’vb : Bmjvgx M‡elYv cwil`, RvwgÕAv Bmjvwgqv AvRxRyj Dj~g,
eveybMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| cÖKvkKvj: cÖ_g cÖKvk-†m‡Þ¤î, 1997wLª., c„ôv: 188, g~j¨: 70 UvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : cÖL¨vZ Bjvgx wPšÍvwe` gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nviæb AvRxRx iwPZ Ònv`x‡mi wndvRZ I msKjbÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’ nv`x‡mi msÁv I cwiPq, nv`x‡mi wndvRZ, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm kv¯¿,
evsjvq nv`xm kv¯¿, KwZcq ci‡jvKMZ ev½vjx gynvwÏm, KwZcq RxweZ gynvwÏm I Av‡iv wKQz cÖwm×
gynvwÏ‡mi mswÿß cwiPq, evsjv‡`‡ki KwZcq cÖwm× nv`xm wkÿv‡K›`ª BZ¨vw` G Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mybœvZ, Lei, AvQvi, gynvwÏm, nvwdR, nv`x‡mi †kÖwY wefvM, nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I cÖvgvwYKZv,
mvnvevhy‡M nv`xm PP©v, Zv‡eC, ZveD-Zv‡eC I cieZ©x gynvwÏmM‡Yi hy‡M nv`xm wjL‡b mvnvex I gwnjv
mvnvex‡ì Ae`vb, Zv‡eCM‡Yi hy‡M wjwLZ nv`xm m¤ú` BZ¨vw` wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| evsjvq nv`xmkv¯¿ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ MÖš’Kvi RxweZ I g„Z me©‡gvU 79 Rb gynvwÏ‡mi
mswÿß cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| MÖš’wU cÖYq‡b MÖš’Kv‡ii KwVb cwikÖ‡gi Qvc eBwUi cvZvq cvZvq
¯^vÿi enb Ki‡Q|
16. Zvix‡L Bjgyj nv`xQ
MÖš’Kvi : Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †P․ayix, cÖKvkbvq : mvDw`qv KzZzeLvbv, PKevRvi, XvKv|
cÖKvkKvj : Rvbyqvwi, 1997 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 224, g~j¨ : 60 UvKv| Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm kxl©K
MÖš’wU‡Z nv`xm msiÿY I msKj‡bi wewfbœ ch©vq, wewfbœ •ewk‡óï Av‡jv‡K nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †kÖwYweb¨vm,
wmnvn-wmËv, AvmgvDi wiRvj ev nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì RxebvPvi, Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm, e‡½
Bjwg nv`xm I nv`xm wkÿvi wkóvPvimg~n BZ¨vw` wel‡q avivevwnKfv‡e PgrKvi fw½‡Z Av‡jvPbv
221
17. ki‡n byLevZzj wdKvi

g~j : nvwdR Beb nvRi AvmKvjvbx, Abyev`K : gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjx, cÖKvk ¯’vb : Abyev`K KZ©„K
cÖKvwkZ, cÖKvkKvj : ‡deªæqvix, 1998 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 96, g~j¨ : 36 UvKv| GwU nvwdR Beb nvRvi
Avj-AvmKvjvbx KZ©„K Aviex fvlvq Dm~‡j nv`xm wel‡q iwPZ kin byLev Avj wdKi-Gi evsjv Abyev`
MÖš’| Abyev`K g~j MÖ‡š’i ûeû PwjZ evsjvq Abyev` K‡i‡Qb|
2000-2010 ch©šÍ iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš’: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
18.Zvix‡L Bj‡g nv`xm (nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm)
MÖš’Kvi : gydwZ mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.), Abyev` : †jvKgvb Avngv` Avgxgx, cÖKvk Kvj :
2000 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 104, g~j¨ : 30 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k, AvMvi MvuI, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : gydwZ mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.) Gi ÔZvix‡L Bj‡g nv`xmÕ MÖš’wU D`~© fvlvq
iwPZ Ges †jvKgvb Avngv` Avgxgx KZ©„K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q, hv BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb evsjv‡`k †_‡K GK L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ| G MÖ‡š’i ïiæ‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm wk‡ivbv‡g cÖv_wgK
K_b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| AZtci PviwU hy‡M wefvRb K‡i cÖ_g hy‡M mvnvev wKiv‡gi nv`xm msiÿY, cÖPvi-
cÖmvi I mvnvex‡ì nv`xm eY©bvi msL¨vZvwË¡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq hy‡Mi Av‡jvPbvq wZwb gymbv`
MÖ‡š’i cwiPq I gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK, gymbv‡` Avngv‡ì cwiPq Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Z„Zxq hy‡Mi eY©bvq wZwb
nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni fvM, wmnvn wmËvn ch©v‡jvPbv, eyLvix I gymwj‡gi kZ©vejx, Z…Zxq hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏm,
mybv‡b `v‡igx ch©v‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© hy‡Mi ch©v‡jvPbvq G hy‡Mi cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, Dm~jyj nv`xm, BjgyZ ZvLixR, Bjgyj Bmbv`, AvmgvDi wiRvj, Rvin I ZvÔw`j,
Bjvwjj nv`xm I ev‡bvqvU nv`xm m¤úwK©Z MÖš’mg~n Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v
m¤ú‡K©I mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
19.ZvBmxiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xm (Aviex)
MÖš’Kvi : W. gvngy` AvZ Z¡n&nvb, Abyev`K : W. †gv. kwdKzj Bmjvg, cÖKvk Kvj : Zv.we, c„ôv msL¨v
347, g~j¨: 190 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avj-evivKv jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : D³ MÖš’wU W. gvngy` AvZ Z¡n&nvb KZ©„K Aviex fvlvq iwPZ Ges W. †gv. kwdKzj Bmjvg
KZ©„K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q Ges Avj-evivKv jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv †_‡K
GK L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ| G MÖš’wU 06wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨v‡q Dm~jyj nv`xm cwiwPwZ, 2q
Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq, 3q Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwifvlv I cÖKvi‡f`, 4_© Aa¨vq nv`xm msKj‡bi
BwZnvm, 5g Aa¨v‡q mb`, gZb I ivex, me©‡kl 6ô Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi gh©v`v I Ae¯’vb wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ g~j wKZv‡ei Aviex Bevi‡Zi kvwãK A_© I cÖvÄj mij Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk Z_¨
wfwËK wek`fv‡e e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
20. Dj~gyj nv`xQ
MÖš’Kvi : W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, cÖKvk Kvj : 2000 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 336 ms¯‥iY: 16Zg, g~j¨ :
350 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : ‡m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP©, ivRkvnx|
ch©v‡jvPbv : G MÖš’wU 9wU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Dj~gyj nv`xm I Dm~jyj nv`xm Gi
cÖm½ †U‡b Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki mswÿß BwZnvm Ges Dj~gyj nv`xm I Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi
wewfbœ kvLv-cÖkvLv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2q Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiwPwZ; 3q Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
msKj‡bi mswÿß BwZnvm; 4_© Aa¨v‡q mb`, gZb I ivex cÖm‡½; 5g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm eY©bvi wewfbœ c×wZ
222
I cwifvlv; 6ô Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi wewfbœ †kÖwY wefvM; 7g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni wewfbœ †kÖwY web¨vm I
cwifvlv; 8g Aa¨v‡q wmnvn wmËvni BgvgM‡Yi Rxebx Ges 9g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvexM‡Yi
mswÿß ZvwjKv cÖ`vb I me©‡kl MÖš’cwÄ D‡jøL Kivi gva¨‡g MÖ‡š’i BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q| GwU evsjv fvlvq
iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm welqK MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ M‡elYvi ixwZ Abymi‡Y iwPZ Z_¨mg„× GKwU Abb¨ MÖš’|
21. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë

MÖš’Kvi : W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn, cÖKvkKvj : b‡f¤î, 2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 182, g~j¨ : 160 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb : Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwdqv, ivRkvnx|
ch©v‡jvPbv : wgmixq cwÐZ cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxh LvIqvjx (in.) iwPZ ÒwgdZvûm mybœvnÓ; hv
Ònv`xm kv‡¯¿i BwZe„ËÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Abyev` I m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefv‡Mi L¨vZbvgv Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn (in.)| Dj~gyj nv`xm wel‡q GwU GKwU weij MÖš’| G‡Z
nv`xm kv‡¯¿i welq¸‡jv mswÿß cwim‡i PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mybœvn Gi ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©,
ZvixLym mybœvn ev nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, wmnvn wmËvi cwiwPZ, •ewkó¨ I Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg gvwjK (in.) Gi ÔgyqvËv gvwjKÕ I Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^j (in.) Gi
Ôgymbv` Avgv`Õ Gi msKjb c×wZ, Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wiRvjyj
nv`xm, Rvin Ges ZvÔ`xj, hCd I Zv`jxmKvixMY m¤ú‡K© msKwjZ MÖš’mg~‡ni ZvwjKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ges gymZvjvûj nv`xm m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dcmsnv‡i nv`xm Øviv KLb
`jxj MÖnYKiv hv‡e, G hy‡M mybœvn‡K Kxfv‡e MÖnYKiv n‡e, mybœvn cÖmv‡i KiYxq BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
22. nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë
MÖš’Kvi : W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, cÖKvkbvq: A¨vWb© cvewj‡KkÝ,29 †m¸b evwMPv, XvKv, cÖKvkKvj:
†deªæqvix, 2001 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 150, g~j¨: 100 UvKv| G‡Z nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, wmnvn wmËvi
cwiwPZ, •ewkó¨ I Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw` ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg gvwjK (in.) Bgvg Avng`
Beb nv¤^j (in.) I Bgvg Z¡vnvex (in.) Gi Rxeb-Kg© Ges Zv‡ì cÖYxZ nv`xmMÖš’ m¤ú‡K© mwe¯Ív‡i
weeiY M‡elYv avivq Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
23. AvmgvDi wiRvj
MÖš’Kvi : kvqL Iqvjx DwÏb †gvnv¤§` web Avãyjøvn (in.), Abyev`K : gvIjvbv Avãyj gynwmb Avãyjøvn
Avj-gvngy`cÖKvkbvq : Avi, AvB, Gm cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : kvqL Iqvjx DwÏb †gvnv¤§` web Avãyjøvn (in.) KZ…©K iwPZ Av‡jvP¨ ÒAvmgvDi wiRvjÓ ev
ivex PwiZ welqK MÖš’| gvIjvbv Avãyj gynwmb Avãyjøvn Avj-gvngy` Ab~w`Z MÖš’wU `yB L‡Ð wef³| †h
mKj ivex ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †_‡K nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ggb 431 Rb ivexi Rxeb I K‡g©i we¯Íi weeiY
¯’vb †c‡q‡Q G MÖ‡š’|
cÖ_g LÐ
cÖKvkKvj : 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 240, g~j¨ : 150 UvKv| G‡Z 24wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 341 Rb
ivexi RxebPwiZ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aby‡”Q‡` cyiæl mvnvevM‡Yi weeiY, wØZxq Aby‡”Q‡` eìx
mvnvev Ges Z…Zxq Aby‡”Q‡` Avkviv gyevwk¦iv mvnvexM‡Yi Rxeb e„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Aviex
eY©byµwgK web¨vm ixwZ‡Z ÔAvwjdÕ eY© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ÔKvdÕ eY© ch©šÍ †gvU 341 Rb ivexi Rxebx
wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
223
wØZxq LÐ
cÖKvkKvj : 2002 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 248, g~j¨ : 150 UvKv| G‡Z 08wU cwi‡”Q‡ì AšÍM©Z 90Rb iexi
RxebPwiZ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Aviex eY©vbyµwgK web¨vm ixwZ‡Z ÔjvgÕ eY© †_‡K ïiæ K‡i ÔBqvÕ
eY© ch©šÍ †gvU 90 Rb ivexi Rxebx wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxbM‡Yi Rxebx Ges
AvIjv‡` ivm~jM‡Yi Rxebe„ËvšÍ PwjZ evsjvq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
24. Avm-wmnvn Avm-wmËvn: cwiwPwZ I ch©v‡jvPbv
MÖš’Kvi : W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, cÖKvk Kvj : †m‡Þ¤î, 2002 wLª.; 4_© cÖKvk-2015 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v
: 220, g~j¨ : 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwdqv, ivRkvnx|
ch©v‡jvPbv : nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cÖwm× QqwU MÖš’ Òwmnvn wmËvnÓ m¤ú‡K© iwPZ G MÖš’wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í|
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi msÁv, nv`xm msKj‡bi msw¶ß BwZnvm I nv`xm MÖ‡š’i †kªwY wefvM m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvixi Rxebe„ËvšÍ ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci Avj-RvwgÔDm&-mnxn
Gi ch©v‡jvPbvq Avj-RvwgÔDm&-mnxn Gi msKjb, bvgKiY, cÖYq‡bi KviY, kZ©vejx, gbxlxM‡Yi gšÍe¨,
cÖYq‡b mZK©Zv, nv`xm msL¨v, •ewkó¨, fvl¨ MÖš’, msw¶ß ms¯‥iY, Gi ivexM‡Yi Rxebx MÖš’ Ges G MÖ‡š’i
mgv‡jvPbv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg gymwjg Bebyj-nv¾vR (i)-Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ
ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci mnxn gymwjg msKjb, msKj‡bi KviY, bvgKiY, msKjb c×wZ, kZ©vejx, nv`xm
msL¨v, nv`x‡mi weï×Zv, gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ, •ewkó¨, e¨vL¨v MÖš’, msw¶ß msKjb m¤ú‡K© D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mnxnvq‡bi (eyLvix-gymwj‡gi) g‡a¨ Zyjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q
Avngv` Be&b ïAvBe Avb-bvmvC (i)-Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci Zvi mybvb MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi
kZ©vejx, wmnvn wmËvi g‡a¨ Gi ¯’vb, nv`xm msL¨v, gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ, •ewkó¨, fvl¨ MÖ‡š’i eY©bv cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
lô Aa¨v‡q myjvqgvb Bebyj AvkÔAvk Ave~ `vE` (i)-Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci Zvi mybvb MÖš’
msKjb, msKj‡bi KviY, wmnvn wmËvq Gi ¯’vb, nv`xm msL¨v, nv`xm MÖn‡Yi gvcKvwV, AvnKvg m¤úwK©Z
nv`xm, `xb`vixi Rb¨ Gi PviwU nv`xmB h‡_ô, D³ MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwjwc mg~n, nv`xm we`M‡Yi gšÍe¨, Gi
•ewkó¨, Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ I msw¶ß ms¯‥iY, Bebyj-RvIhx (i)-Gi weiƒc mgv‡jvPbv Ges Zvi hyw³ LÐb
cÖm‡½ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q Bgvg wZiwghx (i)-Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci Avj-RvwgÔ
wZiwghx msKj‡bi D‡Ïk¨, wmnvn wmËvq Avj-RvwgÔ-Gi ¯’vb, nv`xm msL¨v, gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ, Gi
•ewkó¨, Avj-RvwgÔ-Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ I msw¶ß msKjb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Aóg Aa¨v‡q gynv¤§`
Be&b gvRvn (i)-Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ ch©v‡jvPbv; AZtci wmnvn wmËvi g‡a¨ mybvby Be&b gvRvn-Gi ¯’vb,
gbxlxM‡Yi gšÍe¨, mybvby Be&b gvRvq gvIhyÔ nv`xm, mybvby Be&b gvRvn-Gi •ewkó¨ I fvl¨ MÖš’ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖš’wU Z_¨ wbf©i GKwU M‡elYvg~jK nv`xm welqK MÖš’; hv QvÎ, wkÿK,
Avwjg I M‡elK mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q B‡Zvg‡a¨B e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q|
25. nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ
MÖš’Kvi : Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv (in.), cÖKvk Kvj : RyjvB,2009 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v : 496 ms¯‥iY:
2q, g~j¨ : 200 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ MÖš’wU Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv KZ©„K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z
iwPZ Ges gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, 128,Av`k©bMi gaëvÇv, XvKv †_‡K GK L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ| GwU 11wU
Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: nv`xm msKj‡bi mswÿß BwZnvm, Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi µgweKv‡ki
mswÿß BwZK_v, Bjwg nv`xm m¤ú‡K© KwZcq cwifvlv, nv`x‡mi †kªYxweb¨vm, gIhyÔ nv`x‡mi weavb Ges
me©‡kl Rin-ZvÔ`xj I cuvPwU cwiwkó Z_v nv`xm †_‡K weavb Avni‡Yi cÖwµqv, kixq‡Zi cÖvgvwYK Drm
224
wn‡m‡e nv`xm, ivex‡ì ¯Íi web¨vm, gynvwÏm I Dmyjwe`M‡Yi kZvãx wfwËK ZvwjKv cÖ`vb, fviZ e‡l©
Bj‡g nv`xm PP©v wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PwjZ evsjvq iwPZ MÖš’wU B‡Zvg‡a¨B KIgx A½‡b †ek
RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q|
26. Dj~gyj nv`xm Kx I †Kb ?
MÖš’Kvi : gydwZ gynv¤§` BmgvCj, cÖKvk Kvj : Zv.we, c„ôv msL¨v : 139, g~j¨ : 160 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb :
nid cvewj‡KkÝ, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| D³ MÖš’wU‡Z Bj‡g nv`x‡mi cwiPq, jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ I Av‡jvP¨
welq, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cÖKvi‡f`, Rvj nv`xm †Pbvi Dcvq D™¢veb, gybKvi I
kv‡hi cv_©K¨, gyAvÔjøvK nv`x‡mi ûKzg BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2010-2021 ch©šÍ iwPZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ welqK MÖš’: ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ wePvi
27. nv`xm wb‡q weåvwšÍ
MÖš’Kvi : W. Av.Q.g ZixKzj Bmjvg, cÖKvk Kvj: Ryb 2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 127, cÖKvk¯’vb:
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KvUveb, XvKv| G MÖ‡š’ mnxn nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ D‡jøL Kivi cvkvcvwk Rvj,
ev‡bvqvU I `~e©j nv`x‡mi fqven cwiYwZi K_v D‡jøL K‡i mZK© Ki‡Yi welqwU dzwU‡q †Zvjvi †Póv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| nv`xm wb‡q weåvwšÍ wbim‡b I welqe¯‘ ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ D`vniY Dc¯’vcb Kivi gva¨‡g Zv
cwi®‥vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †QvU G MÖš’wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
28. cÖ‡kœvË‡i Dj~gyj nv`xm
MÖš’Kvi : gydwZ Avãym mvjvg mybvgMÄx, cÖKvk Kvj : 2010 wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 264, g~j¨ : 200 UvKv,
cÖKvk¯’vb : Av‡bvqvi jvB‡eªwi, evsjv evRvi, XvKv| Dm~jyj nv`xm m¤ú‡K© wjwLZ g~jëvb G MÖš’wU‡Z
nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, nv`x‡mi ¯Íi, evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I BwZnvm BZ¨vw` wewfbœ
wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU PwjZ evsjvq iwPZ 67wU cÖ‡kœvË‡ii gva¨‡g Dm~‡ j nv`x‡mi wel‡q
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
29. Bgvg eyLvix (in.) Gi Rxeb-Kg© I nv`xm msKj‡b Zvi Kg© c×wZ
MÖš’Kvi : W. gydwZ gynv¤§` gvbRyiæi ingvb, cÖKvk Kvj : 2014 wLª.; 4_© cÖKvk-‡deªæqvix,2019 wLª., c„ôv
msL¨v : 240, g~j¨ : 250 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb: Avkivwdqv eyK nvDm, evsjv evRvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg eyLvix (in.) Gi Rxeb-Kg© I nv`xm msKj‡b Zvi Kg© c×wZÓ wk‡ivbv‡g MÖš’wU GKwU
f~wgKv, cvuPwU Aa¨vq Ges GKwU Dcmsnv‡ii gva¨‡g BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨KwU Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ c„_K
c„_K wk‡ivbvg wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Bgvg eyLvixi (in.) mswÿß Rxeb ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AZtci mybvb, mnxn, wmnvn wmËvn Gi cwiwPwZ D¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wmnvn wmËvn QvovI †h mnxn nv`xm
i‡q‡Q Zv †`Lv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Ab¨b¨ cÖwm× nv`xm MÖ‡š’i Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| me©‡kl mnxn nv`xm
msMÖ‡n Bgvg eyLvixi (in.) M„nxZ Kg©c×wZ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
30. nv`xm †evSvi g~jbxwZ (Bs‡iwR)
MÖš’Kvi : W. Avey Avgxbv wejvj wdwjá, Abyev` : wRqvDi ingvb gywÝ, cÖKvk Kvj : b‡f¤î 2017 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v : 221 ms¯‥iY: 16Zg, g~j¨ : 395 UvKv , cÖKvk¯’vb : wmqvb cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : W. Avey Avgxbv wejvj wdwjá KZ©„K iwPZ nv`xm †evSvi g~jbxwZ MÖš’wU wRqvDi ingvb gywÝ
Ab~w`Z Ges wmqvb cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv †_‡K GK L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’ Dm~jyj nv`xm Z_v nv`xm
kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ welqK MÖš’; hv `kwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g nv`x‡mi msÁv I e¨vL¨v
225
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici cÖRb¥ ci¤úivq nv`x‡mi
Bjg †hfv‡e G‡m‡Q Zvi eY©bv †ck Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q nv`x‡mi †kªYxweb¨vm, AvcvZ we‡ivax
nv`x‡mi g~j¨vqb, nv`x‡mi ¯Íi web¨vm, nv`xm eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì RxebPwiZ Ges nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cvi`kx© bvix
ivex‡ì m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G MÖš’wUi kã Pqb, eY©web¨vm I evKixwZ, MÖ‡š’i c„ôv, Kvfvi,
A½m¾v mvwe©K we‡ePbvq wKQzUv wfbœagx©; hv mn‡RB cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q|
31. Bhvûb bhi kin byLevZzj wdKvi (Aviex)

g~j : nvwdR Aveyj dhj Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.), e¨vL¨vKvi: Aveyj dyZzn Avãyj dvËvn web
gynv¤§` Avey ¸Ïvn (in) Abyev`K : gydwZ gynv¤§` kvgmyj nK, cÖKvk ¯’vb: gv`vbx cvewj‡KkÝ, cÖKvkKvj
: GwcÖj-2021wLª., c„ôv msL¨v: 408, g~j¨: 499 UvKv| GwU nvwdR Beb nvRvi KZ©„K Dm~jyj nv`xm wel‡q
Aviex fvlvq iwPZ ÔbyLevZzj wdKviÕ Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ ÔBhvûb bhi kin byLevZzj wdKviÕ Gi evsjv Abyev`
MÖš’| Aveyj dyZzn Avãyj dvËvn web gynv¤§` Avey ¸Ïvn (in) KZ…©K G‡Z Dmyj~j nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm,
Beb nvRv‡ii Rxebe„ËvšÍ, kin byLevZzj wdKn wel‡q we‡kl Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Gi web¨vmixwZ LyeB
PgrKvi; cÖ‡qvRbxq wk‡ivbv‡g c‡q›UwfwËK Av‡jvPbv, GKvwaK cvwifvwlK msÁv Ges Dm~jyj nv`xm
m¤ú‡K© iwPZ MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov byLevZzj wdKvi MÖ‡š’i g~j fv‡lï mnR-mij
PwjZ evsjvq fvlvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
33. wcÖwÝcjm Ae nv`xm (D`y)©
MÖš’Kvi : kvqL Avãyjøvn gviædx, Abyev` : gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn Avgvb, cÖKvk Kvj : ‡m‡Þ¤î-2021 wLª.,
c„ôv msL¨v : 591, g~j¨ : 800 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, XvKv|
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`xm AvIi dvn‡g nv`xmÓ kvBL Avãyjøvn gviædx KZ©„K D`~© fvlvq iwPZ GKwU AmvaviY
MÖš’| ÒwcÖwÝcjm Ae nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g D³ MÖš’wU gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn Avgvb KZ©„K cÖvÄj evsjvq Ab~w`Z,
hv gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, XvKv †_‡K GK L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GwU nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ welqK GKwU
MÖš’; hv 11wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖ_‡g nv`x‡mi msÁv I ‡kÖYx web¨vm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
AZtci nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv I nv`xm A¯^xKviKvix‡ì wdZbv D‡b¥vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvici nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Gi avivevwnKZvq fviZ e‡l© nv`xm kv‡¯¿i AvMg‡bi BwZnvm eY©bv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni cwiwPwZ, •ewkó¨ I mb` hyw³i wbwi‡L nv`xm hvPvB Ges
dKxn‡ì BLwZjv‡d nv`x‡mi f~wgKv, hqxd nv`x‡mi `vwjwjK Ae¯’vb we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl Bgvg
Avey nvbxdv I Bjwg nv`xm cÖm‡½ we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MÖš’wU MZvbyMwZK avivq e¨wZµg I
wfbœagx© Avw½‡K web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¤¢eZ: G wel‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ GwUB me©‡kl (eZ©gvb 2021
mvj ch©šÍ) cÖKvwkZ MÖš’|
G Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq iwPZ, msKwjZ Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvjyj nv`xm Ges Zrc~‡e©i ch©v‡jvPbvq evsjv
fvlvq iwPZ, msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK cÖavb DcKiY| hwÌ nv`xm PP©vi DcKiY I cÖw Zôvb cÖvq mgfv‡eB weKwkZ n‡q‡Q,
ZeyI ejv P‡j, DcKiY (eB-cy¯K Í ) Qvov wkÿvcÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv †hgb Am¤¢e, †Zgwb cÖwZôvb Qvov
DcKi‡Yi mieivnI `ytmva¨| ZvB nv`xmMÖš’, Dm~jj nv`xm I wiRvjkv¯¿ ch©v‡jvPbv cieZx© Aa¨v‡q
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖvwZôvwbK cÖqvm I D‡`¨vM we‡kølY Kiv n‡e|
226
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I gva¨g : ¯îƒc I ‣ewkó¨
lô Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ

cÖwZôvb I gva¨g : ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨
227
lô Aa¨vq
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I gva¨g : ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v n‡q Avm‡Q wewfbœ gva¨‡g| Zb¥‡a¨ wkÿvcÖwZôvb wfwËK wmsnfvM nv`xm PP©v n‡q
_v‡K| G mKj wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avwjqv, KIgx, wek¦we`¨vjq I mvaviY wkÿv aviv| G QvovI
gmwR` †Kw›`ªK RygAvÔi Lyrev, wewfbœ msMVb-ms¯v KZ©„K nv`xm cVb Kg©m~Px Ges gv‡V-gq`v‡b IqvR-
bmxn‡Zi gva¨‡gI KyiAvb-nv`x‡mi PP©v n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K wcÖ›U wgwWqv-B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqvI evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Z_¨-cÖhyw³i Ae`v‡b I‡qemvBU wfwËK wewfbœ wjs‡K evsjv
fvlvq cÖKvwkZ cÖvq mKj cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš cvIqv hv‡”Q| Zv Qvov wewfbœ A¨vcwj‡Kkb, BDwUDe,
†dmeyK BZ¨vw`‡ZI h‡_ó cwigv‡Y evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v n‡”Q| c×wZMZ wewfbœ gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©v n‡jI cÖK…wZMZ gvb wb‡q cÖkœ †_‡K hvq| d‡j cÖwZôvb †f‡` Ges cÖPvi gva¨‡gi w`K
we‡ePbvq nv`xm PP©vi cwigvb I ¸YMZ gvb AbymÜvb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| D³ D‡Ï‡k¨ eZ©gvb Aa¨v‡q evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I MYgva¨‡gi ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨ we‡kølY Kiv n‡e|
6.1 cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv©

nv`xm PP©vi cÖvwZôvwbK hvÎv KLb Kxfv‡e ïiæ nq? evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv KLb †_‡K ïiæ nq?
1952 mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ KZ¸‡jv nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Ges †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z Kx cwigvY
wkÿv_x© nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v K‡i‡Qb? Zv Ly‡Ru †ei Kiv Avek¨K| g~jZ gvìvmv wkÿveë¯v nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©vi
m~wZKvMvi| G wkÿveë¯vq i‡q‡Q K‡qKwU avivi gvìvmv| Zv Qvov †Kvb avivi cÖwZôv‡b †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z
KZUzKz nv`xm cvV`vb Kiv nq, Zv AeMZ nIqvi GKgvÎ cÖvgvwYK Dcvq n‡”Q D³ cÖwZôv‡bi wm‡jevm
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| ZvB wm‡jevm wfwËK Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmv, cÖv_wgK-gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK
we`¨vjq Ges wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wm‡jevm wfwËK nv`xm welqK MÖš I †Kvm© Gi ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G
Aa¨v‡q evsjv fvlvq cÖvwZôvwbK nv`xm PP©vi aib I cÖK…wZ D‡b¥vPb Kiv n‡e|
6.1.1 Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿv aviv : BwZnvm I HwZn¨

Avwjqv gvìvmvi AZxZ-eZ©gvb: 1776 mv‡ji K_v| w`jøxi weL¨vZ ÁvbZvcm kvn Iqvjx Djøvn Ges
ì‡m wbhvgxi1 cÖeZ©K gyjøv wbRvgyÏx‡bi wkl¨ cÖw_Zhkv wkÿvwe` gyjøv gvR`yÏxb KwjKvZvq Av‡mb| dy‡ji
myfv‡li b¨vq µ‡g Zvi we`¨veËv I ¸‡Yi L¨vwZ Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| KwjKvZvi †bZ…¯vbxq gymwjg
e¨w³eM©‡KI Zv ¯úk© K‡i| Zviv Zvi Øviv `viæYfv‡e cÖfvweZ nb| d‡j Zvi ÁvbfvÐvi †_‡K DcK…Z
nIqvi gvb‡m Zviv 1780 mv‡j evsjvi kvmbKZ©v jW© †nw÷s‡mi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i gymwjg mšÍvb‡ì
mywkwÿZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU wkÿvcÖwZôvb Kivi wbwgË wb‡e`b K‡ib| Av‡e`b c‡Î Zviv gyjøv gvR`yÏx‡bi
g‡Zv GKRb we`» wkÿvwe`‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi welqwUI D‡jøL K‡ib| †`‡ki wePvwiK I cÖkvmwbK k~b¨Zv
c~i‡Yi K_v †f‡eB †nw÷sm cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯v MÖnY Ki‡eb e‡j Zv‡ì‡K Avk¦vm †`b|2
1 ì‡m wbhvwgqv: ì‡m wbhvwgqv n‡”Q fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb gvìvmvmg~‡ni cvV¨m~wP| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †gvjøv KzZzeyÏxb knx`B (g„. 1691
wLª.) wQ‡jb ì‡m wbhvwgqvi D™¢veK| wKš‧ Zvui my‡hvM¨ cyÎ †gvjøv wbhvgyÏxb wmnvjexi (g„. 1748 wLª.) mgq G wkÿveë¯v AwaK DbœwZ,
RbwcÖqZv I cÖmvi jvf K‡iwQj e‡jB Zv Òì‡m wbhvwgqvÓ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| Zvui wkl¨ gyjøv gvRyÏxb G †`‡ki cÖvPxb we`¨vwcV
KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq †m cvV¨m~PxB cÖeZ©b K‡ib| Zvui cvV¨m~Pxi welqe¯‧ wQ‡jv wb¤œiƒc: Aviex e¨KiY (mid I bvnD), gvwšÍK
(ZK© kv¯¿), wnKgZ (weÁvb), wiqv`x I nvqAvZ (MwYZ I †R¨vwZwe`¨v), evjvMvZ (AjsKvi kv¯¿), wdKn, Dm~jyj wdKn, Kvjvg kv¯¿
(AvKC`), Zvdmxi I nv`xm| [Avãyj nK dixw`, gv`ªvmv wkÿv: evsjv‡`k, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1985wLª, c„.46-48]
2 we.`ª.: Avãyj nK dixw`, gv`ªvmv wkÿv: evsjv‡`k, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1985wLª, c„.32-33; Avãym mvËvi, Avwjqv gv`&ivmvi
BwZnvm, XvKv: B.dv.ev., ms.3, 2015wLª, c„. 34-35
228
†nw÷sm AbwZwej‡¤^ wm×všÍ Kvh©Ki Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨, gvìvmvi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi AbygwZ †`b| †mg‡Z
1780 wLª. A‡±vei gv‡m KwjKvZv kn‡ii wkqvj`n †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q •eVKLvbvi GKwU fvov evwo‡Z
cÖ¯ÍvweZ gv`&ivmvi D‡Øvab Kiv nq| ì‡m wbhvwgqvi cvV¨µg Abyhvqx gv`&ivmv wkÿvi welqe¯‧ cÖeZ©b
Kiv nq| gv`&ivmvi e¨q wbe©v‡ni mKj `vwqZ¡ MfY©i †nw÷sm wb‡RB MÖnY K‡ib|3 AZtci 1782 wLª.
Zvi Aby‡iv‡a Ges †evW© Ae wW‡i±im Gi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g miKvi gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY
K‡ib|4GwUB eZ©gvb ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Avwjqv gv`&ivmvi m~Pbv ce©| GB gv`&ivmvq ì‡m wbhvwgqvi cvV¨m~wP
1790 wLª. ch©šÍ Pvjy _v‡K| cieZx©‡Z cvV¨µg bZzbfv‡e cwieZ©b, cwiea©b I ms‡kvab Kiv nq| hv‡Z
Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_ nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wgkKvZzj gvmvexn I Zvdmxi RvjvjvBb I evqhvex
wkÿv`v‡bi eë¯v wQj| AZtci Gi cvV¨ZvwjKv †_‡K nv`xm I Zvdmxi‡K ev` †`qv nq, hv (1908 wLª.
ch©šÍ `xN© 118 eQi ch©šÍ) GKkZvãxiI †ewk mgq we`¨gvb wQ‡jv|5 wkÿvi aviv‡K Zivwš^Z Kivi j‡ÿ¨
1821 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ KwjKvZv UvDb n‡j Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖ_g cixÿv AbywôZ nq| †m cixÿv
MÖn‡Yi aviv AvRI Pvjy i‡q‡Q|6 AZtci 1826 mv‡j jW© DBwjqvg †ew›U‡Ki wb‡`©kµ‡g KwjKvZv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq Bs‡iwR wkÿv Pvjy Kiv nq| Zv‡ì Avmj D‡Ïk¨ wQj fviZxq‡ì gvbwmKZvq
Ggbfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi Kiv hv‡Z µgvš^‡q cwieZ©b K‡i G‡Z cvðv‡Zï wkÿv cÖeZ©b Kiv hvq|7 1827
wLª. KwjKvZvi I‡q‡jmwj w÷ª‡Ui cv‡k¦© †Mvj Zvjv (eZ©gvb nvRx gnmxb ¯‥qvi) GjvKvq mymw¾Z-myig¨
GKwU feb wbg©vY K‡i Z_vq D³ gv`&ivmv ¯vbvšÍwiZ Kiv nq Ges H eQi AvM÷ gv‡m bZzb fe‡b bZzb
cvV¨m~wPi Av‡jv‡K cvV`vb ïiæ nq|8 hwÌ e„wUk‡ì fviZ kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Dchy³ Avgjv
m„wó Kivi j‡ÿ¨ Avwjqv gvìvmvi m„wó; wKš‧ 1835 mv‡j Bs‡iwR‡K Av`vj‡Zi fvlv Kivi ci Zv
D‡Ïk¨nxb GKwU HwZnvwmK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡eB we`¨gvb _v‡K| 9 1850 mv‡j Avwjqv gvìvmvi Rb¨
wcÖwÝc¨vj c` m„wó Kiv nq Ges cÖwm× cÖvP¨ fvlvwe` W. †¯úª½vi‡K me©cÖ_g wcÖwÝc¨vj wb‡qvM Kiv nq|
Zvi avivevwnKZvq 1926 mvj ch©šÍ AÎ cÖwZôv‡b 26 Rb Bs‡iR wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|10
AZtci AÎ gvìvmvi Av`‡j ûMjx, XvKv, PÆMÖvg I ivRkvnx‡Z GKwU K‡i gvìvmv ¯vcb Kiv nq|
GK cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq, 1885 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m `kwU ¯^xK„wZcÖvß gvìvmvq 1386 Rb QvÎ wQ‡jv,
hv‡ì g‡a¨ 1057 Rb wQj miKvwi gvìvmvi QvÎ|11
gvìvmv wkÿvi ms¯‹vi I UvB‡Uj (gv÷vm©) †Kvm© cÖeZ©b: wewkó gymwjg †bZ…e„‡›ì civg‡k©© gvìvmv
wkÿvi ms¯‥vi I UvB‡Uj (gv÷vm©) †Kvm© Pvjyi wbwgË 1909-10 mv‡j KwjKvZv I ûMjx gv`&ivmvq
Avj©KwgwUi mycvwi‡k bZzb wkÿvbxwZ I cvV¨ welq Pvjy Kiv nq| c~‡e© gv`&ivmvq me©‡gvU 8wU K¬vm Pvjy
wQj| Avj© KwgwUi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx GLb n‡Z me©‡gvU 11wU K¬vm Pvjy Kiv nq| (QqwU Rywbqi I cuvPwU
wmwbqi)| wmwbqi K¬v‡mi m‡ev©”P Av‡iv wZbwU K¬vm UvB‡U‡ji Rb¨ cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| UvB‡Uj K¬vm †cv÷
MÖvRy‡qU K¬v‡mi mggv‡bi| AZGe UvB‡Uj K¬vmmn gv`&ivmvq me©‡gvU K¬vm `vov‡jv †P․ÏwU| 1909 wLª.
bZzb wkÿvbxwZi cvV¨m~Pxi Av‡jv‡K UvB‡Uj K¬v‡m nv`xm I Zvdmxi wefv‡Mi D‡Øvab Kiv nq |12 D³
KwgwUi mycvwik †gvZv‡eK UvB‡Uj (nv`xm) †kÖwYi cÖ_g e‡l©: wZiwghx, Beb gvRvn, mnxn gymwjg,
Zvdmxi evq`vex BZ¨vw`; wØZxq e‡l©: Avey `vD`, bvmvC I Zvdmxi Kvkkvd Ges Z…Zxq e‡l©: mnxn
3 Avãyj nK dixw`, cÖv¸³, c„.33-34 ; Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 38

4 cÖv¸³, c„.34
6 Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 46
7 cÖv¸³, c„. 65, 69
8 cÖv¸³, c„. 45,58,59; W. Avnmvb mvB‡q`, cÖv¸³, c„. 47
10 cÖv¸³, c„. 293 Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 81
11 Avãyj nK dixw`, cÖv¸³, c„.45-46
12 Avãym mvËvi, cÖv¸³, c„. 181; cÖv¸³, c„.53
229
eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg, Zvdmxi Zvevix BZ¨vw` welq cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq| 13 cieZ©x‡Z GB
gv`&ivmvi g‡Wj Abyhvqx †h mKj gv`&ivmv cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ nq †m¸‡jv‡K Avwjqv avivi gvìvmv
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| KwjKvZv Avwjqv gv`&ivmvi ci evsjv‡`‡k XvKv, PÆMÖvg I ivRkvnx‡Z wZbwU
gv`&ivmv cÖwZôv Kiv nq; hv ZrKvjxb c~e©e‡½ gymjgvb‡ì Rb¨ ¯vwcZ cÖ_g miKvwi wkÿv cÖwZôvb|
gynwmwbqv gv`&ivmv bv‡g G wZbwU gv`&ivmv GZ`Â‡j Pvi `kK (1874-1915) a‡i nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©vq Z_v
Bmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ív‡i we‡kl Ae`vb iv‡L|
Iì I wbD w¯‹g gvìvmv cÖeZ©b: 1906 mv‡j XvKvq gymwjg wkÿv m¤ú‡K© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `ywU m‡¤§jb AbywôZ
nq| Dfq m‡¤§j‡b me©m¤§wZµ‡g gvìvmv wkÿvi Avg~j ms¯‥vi †P‡q mycvwik Kiv nq| †m mycvwi‡ki
Av‡jv‡K Ges †`k-we‡`‡ki eû Bmjvgx wkÿvcÖwZôvb cwi`k©b K‡i 1910 mv‡j kvgmyj Ijvgv Avey bmi
gynv¤§` Inx` cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †kl ch©šÍ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© RvZxq wkÿv cÖKí cÖ¯‧Z K‡ib| †m
Av‡jv‡K 1914 wLª. (Reformed madrasha scheme) ev Ôgvìvmv ms¯‥vi cwiKíbvÕ bv‡g GKwU cwiKíbv
MÖnY Kiv nq| 1921 wLª. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôv j‡Mœ Kjv Abyl‡ì AšÍM©Z (Department of Islamic
Studies) ÔBmjvwgK ÷vwWRÕ bv‡g GKwU wefvM Pvjy Kivi wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| GB wefv‡M QvÎ-QvÎx †hvMvb
†Ìqvi Rb¨ ÔwdWvi cÖwZôvbÕ wnmv‡e Zvi cvV¨µ‡gi m‡½ gvìvmv mg~‡ni cvV¨µ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‥vi
mvab Kiv nq| cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Z`vbxšÍb nvB¯‥zj I gva¨wgK we`¨vj‡qi mgch©vqfz³ K‡i nvB gvìvmv
I Rywbqi gvìvmvÕ bv‡g bZzb ai‡bi wkÿv cÖwZôvb Pvjy Kiv nq| Gme gvìvmvB ÔwbD w¯‥g gvìvmvÕ
(New Scheme Madrasha) bv‡g AwfwnZ| Aci w`‡K KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvi Av`‡j c~e© †_‡K
cÖPwjZ gvìvmv¸‡jv bZzb ms¯‥viK…Z cvV¨µg AbymiY bv K‡i c~e©eZx© cvV¨µg I wbq‡g †_‡K hvq| G
gvìvmv¸‡jv ÔIì w¯‥g gvìvmvÕ(Old Scheme Madrasha) bv‡g AwfwnZ nq| cieZ©x‡Z (1959 wLª.)
ÔAvZvDi ingvb Lvb wkÿv Kwgk‡biÕ Av‡jv‡K wbD w¯‥g gvìvmv¸‡jv D”P gva¨wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv
†ev‡W©i Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡q nvB¯‥z‡j iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| Avi Iì w¯‥g gvìvmv¸‡jv cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv
mnKv‡i AvRI Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿveë¯v wn‡m‡e we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q|14
KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv cÖwZôvi cÖvq †òkZ eQi ci 1927 mv‡j wcÖwÝc¨vj wn‡m‡e cÖ_g ev‡ii g‡Zv
kvgmyj Djvgv Kvgvj DwÏb Avng` wb‡qvM cÖvß nb| Zuvi mgq n‡Z cÖ_g Avwjqv gvìvmvi Abymi‡Y
†`‡k Acivci gvìvmv cÖwZôv Kiv ïiæ nq| ZLb 1928 wLª. Gme gvìvmv cwiPvjbv, gÄyix, wm‡jevm
I cixÿv MÖn‡Yi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ KwjKvZv gvìvmvq Ò†m›Uªvj †evW© Ae gvìvmv G·vwgwbkbÓ bv‡g
8 m`m¨ Øviv GKwU †evW© MwVZ nq| GB †evW© cÖwZôvi ci KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvi AbyKi‡Y
gvìvmvmg~‡ni wkÿvµg I cvV¨m~wP cÖYq‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| Zvici kvgmyj û`v KwgwUi mycvwik
Abyhvqx wm‡jevm cÖYqb Kiv nq Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ †ev‡W©i K‡jei I ÿgZv e„w× Kiv nq| KwjKvZv
Avwjqv gvìvmvi wcÖwÝc¨vj‡K Gi wewfbœ cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ weavb ivLv nq| 1947 wLª. ch©šÍ
G eë¯v Pj‡Z _v‡K| †m eQi †gvqv¾g †nv‡mb Kwgkb cÖewZ©Z wm‡jevm Pvjy Kiv nq| 15 c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
(1947-48 wLª.) cyivZb w¯‥‡gi gvìvmvi msL¨v wQj wb¤œiƒc:16
gvìvmvi aib gvìvmvi msL¨v QvÎ msL¨v
miKvwi wmwbqi gvìvmv 2 301 Rb
Aby‡gvw`Z wmwbqi gvìvmv 189 23,552 Rb
Aby‡gvw`Z Rywbqi gvìvmv 91 8,393 Rb
13 cÖv¸³, c„. 177

14 Dr. Sekender Ali Ibrahimi, Report on Islamic education and Madrasha education in Bengel, I.F.B. Dhaka1987,
vol.IV P.32, 37, 40; Avãyj nK dixw`, cÖv¸³, c„.54
15 W. Av. B. g. †bQvi DwÏb, Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖmvi I Dbœqb: †cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`k, XvKv: B.dv.ev. 2005wLª., c„. 151
16 cÖv¸³, c„.48
230
Aby‡gv`b ewnf©~Z wmwbqi gvìvmv 33 3,573 Rb

Aby‡gv`b ewnf©~Z Rywbqi gvìvmv 63 3,393 Rb
‡gvU 378 39,515 Rb
XvKvq miKvwi Avwjqv gvìvmv: cyivZb w¯‥‡gi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ gvìvmvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j
`ywU gvìvmv miKvwi wn‡m‡e Pvjy nq| 1913 wLª. n‡Z wm‡jU Avwjqv gvìvmv Ges 1947 wLª. †_‡K
gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKv mivmwi miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| D‡jøL¨, gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKv,
KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv bv‡g cÖ_‡g cÖwZwôZ n‡jI cvK-fviZ wefw³i ci 1947 wLª. cvwK¯Ívb
cÖwZôvi mgq wcÖwÝc¨vj wRqvDj nK I Zuvi mnKg©x‡ì cÖ‡Póvq GK `~j©f MÖš mg„× wekvj jvB‡eªwimn
GUv XvKvq ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| 1959 wLª. ch©šÍ GUv mìNv‡Ui wbKU XvKv gymwjg Mft nvB ¯‥z‡ji Wvdwib
QvÎvev‡m A¯vqxfv‡e Ae¯vb K‡i Ges 1960 wLª. eKwk evRv‡i Zvi wbR¯^ fe‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq|17
AZtci Zv eZ©gvb ch©šÍ miKvwi wbqš¿‡Y cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| gv`&ivmv-B-Avwjqv XvKvq ¯vbvšÍwiZ nIqvi
ci 1948 wLª. XvKv wek¦we`¨j‡qi Aaxb gv`&ivmvi Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj cixÿv AbywôZ nq| wKš‧ G
wkÿv avivi m¦vZwš¿¨K •ewkó¨ I gvb eRvq ivLvi ¯^v‡_© GKwU Avjv`v wkÿv‡evW© MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
†`Lv †`q|
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv ‡evW©: mswÿß BwZe„Ë : evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmv wkÿvi Dbœqb I AMÖMwZi
AwffveK Ôevsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©Õ| GwU cÖwZôvi mv‡_ `yÔk eQ‡ii `xN© fv½vMovi BwZnvm
RwoZ| 1780-1947 mvj ch©šÍ KwjKvZv Avwjqv Ges 1947-1971 mvj ch©šÍ XvKvq cvwK¯Ívb miKvi
KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ nq| 1949 wLª. XvKvq evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wkÿv‡evW© cÖwZwôZ nIqvi ci G †`‡ki
miKvwi I miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z mKj gv`&ivmv G †ev‡W©i Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| 1950 wLª. †_‡K
gv`&ivmvq `vwLj Gi cvV¨m~wP cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| †`ki ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi ev¯ÍeZvi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z gv`&mviv wkÿv
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kiv wQj mg‡qi `vex| G Qvov ¯^vaxbZvi ci †evW©‡K ¯^vqËkvmb ÿgZv cÖv`v‡bi welqwU
miKv‡ii D”Pch©v‡q we‡ePbvaxb wQj| wKš‧ wm×všÍnxbfv‡e `xN©w`b c‡o _vKvi ci ZrKvjxb ivóªcwZ
†gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi †MvPixf~Z n‡j wZwb 2 gvP©, 1978 wLª. gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© AwW©b¨vÝ
Rvix K‡i miKvwi †M‡R‡U cÖKvk Kivi eë¯v †bb| Òevsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© AwW©b¨vÝÓ bv‡g Gi
bvgKiY Kiv nq| ¯^vqËkvmb jvf Kivi ciI K‡qK gvm gvìvmv-B Avwjqvi Aa¨ÿ †ev‡W©i †Pqvg¨v‡bi
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© AwW©b¨vÝwU‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmvmg~‡ni ¯Íi web¨vm, gÄyix
cÖ`vb, cvV¨µg wba©viY I gv`vivmv wkÿvi hveZxq wel‡qi my¯úó weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q| AwW©b¨v‡Ý gvìvmv
wkÿv (Madrasha Education) ej‡Z Be‡Z`vqx, `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj ¯Íi‡K wbav©iY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †ev‡W©i AwW©b¨v‡Ý cvV¨µg m¤ú‡K© D‡jøL Kiv nq, KziAvbyj Kvixg, BmjvwgqvZ, Zvdmxi,
nv`xm, wdKn, Kvjvg, Dm~j, dviv‡qR I mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ welq cvV `vb Kiv n‡e| 18 D‡jøL¨ †h, 1985 wLª.
†_‡K `vwLj ¯Íi‡K Gm. Gm.wm. Ges Avwjg ¯Íi‡K GBP.Gm.wm. Gi mggvb †Ìqv nq| dvwhj †kÖwY‡K
we.G. Gi mggvb Ges Kvwgj †kªwY‡K Gg.G. Gi mggvb aiv nq| `vwLj I Avwjg †kªwY‡Z gvbweK I
weÁvb kvLv Pvjy i‡q‡Q| Gme wkÿvcÖwZôvb‡KI Avwjqv avivi gvìvmv wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
Avwjqv wkÿv avivi ¯Íi I cixÿv c×wZ: Avwjqv gvìvmv 230 eQ‡i eû So-SvcUv, PovB-DrivB cvi
K‡i Kv‡ji mvÿx n‡q †hgwbfv‡e Av‡Rv wU‡K Av‡Q, wVK Zvi wkÿvavivi ¯Íi, cvV¨µg I cixÿv c×wZi
g‡aÏ i‡q‡Q bvbv fv½v-Movi BwZnvm| 1821 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ KwjKvZv UvDb n‡j Avwjqv gvìvmvi
cÖ_g cixÿv AbywôZ nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq cixÿv MÖnY Pj‡Z _v‡K| 1915-1916 wLª. cÖewZ©Z wbD ¯‥xg
17 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, 292

18 The Madrasha Education ordinance-1978, Chapter-1, ParaÒ‟1, p.2
231
gvìvmvi cÖ_g e¨v‡Pi wkÿv_x©iv `kg †kÖwYi cvV mgvwß‡Z `vwLj/g¨vwUªKz‡jk‡bi cÖ_g cixÿv (ZLb XvKv
wkÿv †evW© ev XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †KvbwUB wQj bv weavq) Z`vbxšÍb miKv‡ii wkÿv wefvM MÖn‡Yi eë¯v
K‡ib| G cixÿvi bvg †Ìqv nq ÔBmjvwgK g¨vwUªKz‡jkbÕ| G cixÿvq hviv cvm K‡i Zv‡ì
B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU ch©v‡q wkÿv `v‡bi Rb¨ KwjKvZv miKvwi Avwjqv gvìvmvq BmjvwgK B›Uvi‡gwW‡qU K¬vm
Pvjy Kiv nq| wØZxq el© mgvcbv‡šÍ †h cixÿv †bIqv nq Zvi bvg wQj B›UviwgwW‡qU cixÿv|19 1947
mv‡ji ci cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K gvìvmv wkÿvi `vwLj ev gva¨wgK ch©v‡q †Kvb cvewjK cixÿv
wQj bv| Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj ch©v‡q cvewjK cixÿv AbywôZ n‡Zv| 1950 wLª. †_‡K `vwLj cixÿv bv‡g
GKwU cvewjK cixÿv ïiæ nq| ZvB cvwK¯Ívb Avgj †_‡KB gvìvmv wkÿvi Rb¨ cuvPwU ¯Íi Pvjy nq|
¯Íi¸‡jvi †gqv` wb¤œ‡³v mviYxi Av‡jv‡K wba©viY Kiv nq|20
mviYx
µwgK bs ¯Í‡ii bvg ¯Í‡ii †gqv`
1 Be‡Z`vqx 4 eQi †gqv`x
2 `vwLj 6 eQi †gqv`x
3 Avwjg 2 eQi †gqv`x
4 dvwhj 2 eQi †gqv`x
5 Kvwgj 2 eQi †gqv`x
D‡jøL¨, 1985 mvj †_‡K Kvwgj †kªwY‡Z (nv`xm, wdK&n, Zvdmxi, Avè I gyRvweŸ`) †gvU cuvPwU wefvM cÖeZ©b
Kiv nq|21 wKš‧ cieZx©‡Z 2006 mv‡j dvwhj‡K wWwMÖ/Abv‡m©i mggvb †NvlYv Kiv nq| Gi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
3 eQ‡ii dvwhj (cvm) †Kvm© Pvjy nq Ges Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) 2 eQi †gqv`x †Kvm© wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv
nq| 2014 mv‡ji GK cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq, †`‡ki cÖwm× 31wU gvìvmvq 4 eQi †gqv`x dvwhj
(Abvm©) †Kvm© I 1077wU dvwhj (¯œvZK) Ges 215wU Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) gvìvmv Pjgvb wQj|22
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †ev‡W©i Aaxb M„nxZ cixÿv I djvdj
wb‡¤œ 1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© Gi Aaxb M„nxZ (`vwLj-Kvwgj)
cixÿvmg~‡ni cÖvß Z_¨vwì cwimsL¨v‡bi Zzjbvg~jK mviYx 23 QK AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv; hvi gva¨‡g
wkÿv_x© I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v e„w×i AvbycvwZK nvi ¯úófv‡e Abyaveb Kiv hvq|
wLªóvã `vwLj Avwjg dvwhj Kvwgj
Ask K…ZKvh© kZKiv Ask K…ZKvh© kZKiv Ask K…ZKvh© kZKiv Ask K…ZKvh© kZKivnvi
MÖnY nvi MÖnY nvi MÖnY nvi MÖnY
1982 17372 11432 65.83% 7269 5368 73.85% 3421 1948 54.08% 2483 1078 46.07%
1983 19198 12601 65.63% 8520 4733 55.5% - - - - - -
1984 24024 15561 64.77% - - - - - - - - -
1985 - - - 14537 10285 71.00% - - - - - -
19 Report on Islamic Eduction and Madrasha Education in Bengal, Islamic Foundation Bangladesh, Dhaka- 1987,
Vol. IV. P. 48-52
20 gynv¤§` Bwjqvm Avjx, hy‡M hy‡M wkÿv Kwgkb I wkÿvi DËiY, XvKv: 1999 wLª., c„. 343-345
21 evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©, Awdm †iKW©|
22 cÖ‡dmi W. Av. e. g. mvBdzj Bmjvg wmÏxKx, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj BwZnvm I HwZn¨, Kzwóqv: ivwnb-ivk` cÖKvkbx, 2016 wLª.,
c„.355
23 evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©, XvKv Gi cixÿv wefvM †_‡K †WcywU K‡›Uªvjvi W. ûmvBb gynv¤§` dviæK Gi mn‡hvwMZvq cÖvß Z_¨
Abyhvqx web¨¯Í| Z‡e e¨vcK AbymÜvb Pvwj‡qI k~b¨¯vb¸‡jvi mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb| D‡jøL¨ †h, 2010 mvj †_‡K dvwhj-Kvwgj‡K
wWwMÖ I gv÷vm© Gi gvb cÖ`vb Kivq D³ †kÖwYØ‡qi cixÿv MÖn‡Yi `vwqZ¡ P‡j hvq Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv Gi Aax‡b| ZvB †m
mKj Z_¨ D×vi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
232
1986 25571 17514 65.91% 17623 12087 68.59% 11618 8158 70.21% 3559 2660 74.74%
1988 45535 24980 61.01% 21099 13573 64.33% 15312 12602 69.24% 6745 6090 79.66%
1989 48018 27344 56.95% 22200 11663 52.53% 14905 8395 - 8442 5925 70.18%
1990 46584 21865 46.94% 25626 11523 44.96% 15199 7099 46.70% 9155 5508 60.16%
1991 53056 29298 55.20% 29026 14293 49.24% 14128 7561 53.52% 7807 5709 73.12%
1992 50471 30659 6.74% 25762 18171 70.53% 12763 9125 71.50% 6744 5406 80.16%
1993 56278 32296 57.39% 26718 14965 56.01% 13209 7215 54.62% 7955 6045 75.98%
1994 59806 45111 75.42% - - - - - - - - -
1995 67903 46728 68.81% 31251 19864 63.56% 13256 9341 70.46% 8070 6896 85.45%
1996 80327 56037 69.76% 41903 26260 26.67% 15918 11250 70.67% 10094 8402 83.23%
1997 104641 71367 68.20% 48264 26685 55.29% 17949 13344 74.34% 9770 8345 85.41%
1998 134856 87499 64.88% 51820 27342 52.76% 21388 16803 78.56% 10250 8793 85.79%
1999 133612 98518 73.73% 56999 33247 58.33% 20331 15784 77.64% 10276 9133 88.88%
2000 147474 85844 58.21% 61588 27390 44.47% 22483 13518 60.13% 12952 11376 87.83%
2001 147694 89332 60.48% 63629 23035 36.2% 23896 9977 41.75% 9377 7822 83.42%
2002 148707 78083 52.51% 65457 17699 27.04% 24431 8650 35.41% 9019 6998 77.59%
2003 163218 68529 41.99% 60934 24359 39.98% 20183 9835 48.73% 6992 5951 85.11%
2004 176659 105686 59.82% 55281 22918 41.46% 17521 9291 53.03% 6898 5874 85.16%
2005 156814 97386 62.1% 47197 30589 64.81% 19561 13174 67.35% 7717 7010 90.84%
2006 161999 122850 75.83% 56594 42582 75.24% 18412 14465 78.56% 7965 7538 94.64%
2007 167735 110544 65.9% 51623 38634 74.84% 18703 14655 78.36% 10196 9930 97.39%
2008 180589 148276 82.11% 61727 50893 82.45% 3459 2802 81.01% 706 690 97.73%
2009 185720 159519 85.89% 58978 49907 84.62% 273 224 82.05% 52 52 100%
2010 210422 182601 86.78% 73790 63874 86.56%
2011 237526 197874 83.31% 76015 68242 89.77%
2012 273083 241675 88.5% 84246 77331 91.79%
2013 221260 197255 89.15% 87474 80016 91.47%
2014 236630 211269 89.28 105849 99597 94.09%
2015 254622 229714 90.22 82558 74479 90.21%
DwjøwLZ mviYx‡Z 1982 mvj †_‡K 2015 ch©šÍ `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z wkÿv_x©‡ì
cv‡ki nvi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi av‡c av‡c µge„w×i cÖwZ wb‡`©k K‡i| we‡klZ: Kvwgj (nv`xm)
†kÖwY‡Z hviv DËxY© nb Zviv gygZvRyj gynvwÏmxb nIqvi K…wZZ¡ AR©b K‡ib| ZvB hviv Kvwgj (nv`xm)
cvm K‡ib Zv‡ì mviYx `¦viv gynvwÏmM‡Yi µgea©gvb nvi †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
gnvb ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi Avwjqv gvìvmvq nv`xm PP©v: hw` evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi c~e©vci gvìvmvi msL¨v,
wkÿK I wkÿv_©x msL¨v e„w×i Zzjbvg~jK cwimsL¨vb wPÎ Dc¯vcb Kiv nq, Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h,
¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi gvìvmvi msL¨v Kx cwigvY e„w× †c‡q‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_ QvÎ-QvÎx I wkÿK msL¨vi AvbycvwZK
nvi †Kgb e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g †ewi‡q Avm‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi AvbycvwZK nvi Kx cwigv‡Y
e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ 1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ (`vwLj-Kvwgj) gvìvmvmg~‡ni Zzjbvg~jK mviYx
24
QK AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
24 gynv¤§` Bwjqvm Avjx, cÖv¸³, c„. 350
233
mviYx-1
mb `vwLj Avwjg dvwhj Kvwgj ‡gvU
1960 500 250 174 17 951
1972-73 528 298 482 43 1352
1980 1402 412 596 56 2466
1985 2068 635 615 69 3387
1990 4306 760 717 91 5873
1998 4795 969 956 118 6838
2002 5536 1105 1032 147 7820
2003 5995 1220 1030 165 8410
2004 6315 1320 1012 172 8819
2005 6685 1315 1039 175 9214
2006 6798 1345 1040 178 9361
2008 6779 1401 1013 191 9384
2009 6771 1487 1022 195 9475
2010 6660 1486 1021 194 9361
2011 6669 1401 1056 204 9330
2012 6745 1442 1049 205 9441
2013 6593 1470 1054 219 9336
2014 6582 1482 1055 222 9341
2015 6565 1480 1053 221 9319
2016 6558 1478 1054 224 9314
2017 6553 1429 1087 234 9303
2018 6553 1412 1085 244 92940
DwjøwLZ cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq †h, gnvb ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi gvìvmvi msL¨v DË‡ivËi e„w× †c‡q‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_
QvÎ-QvÎx I wkÿK msL¨vI e„w× †c‡q‡Q| AZGe ejv hvq, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vI AvbycvwZK nv‡i
e„w× †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gi cwigvYUv Kx nv‡i Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ wb‡¤œ DwjøwLZ mviYx-1 Gi Z_¨vw` we‡kølY
Dc¯vcb Kiv nj-
wPÎ- 1
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1960 mvj †_‡K 2018 mvj ch©šÍ (`vwLj-Kvwgj) gvìvmvmg~‡ni kZKiv
e„w×i nvi
11% 2%
`vwLj
16% Avwjg
71% dvwhj
Kvwgj
1960 mvj †_‡K 2018 mvj ch©šÍ `vwLj †_‡K Kvwgj †kÖwY ch©šÍ gvìvmvmg~‡ni µge„w×i nvi I †gvU
gvìvmvi msL¨v mviYx-1 Gi wPÎ bs 1 Abymv‡i †`Lv hvq †h, `vwLj gvìvmvi msL¨v 6553, Avwjg
gvìvmvi msL¨v 1412, dvwhj gvìvmvi msL¨v 1085 Ges Kvwgj gvìvmvi msL¨v 244| GB †kÖwY
234
web¨vm n‡Z †`Lv hvq †h, `vwLj gvìvmvi msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk hv †gvU gvìvmvi 71%, Avwjg gvìmvi
msL¨v †gvU gvìvmvi 16% dvwhj gvìvmvi msL¨v †gvU gvìvmvi 11% Ges Kvwgj gvìvmvi msL¨v
†gvU gvìvmvi 2% e„w× †c‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ 1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ (`vwLj-Kvwgj)
gvìvmvmg~‡ni QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì Zzjbvg~jK mviYx 25 QK AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
mviYx-2
wj½ `vwLj Avwjg dvwhj Kvwgj ‡gvU
2002 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2168441 532601 605112 91889 3398043
QvÎx 1082892 216571 196843 11518 1507824
2003 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2195438 554573 560041 128655 3438707
QvÎx 1144358 242908 196209 24741 1608216
2004 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2091778 543358 526485 127622 3289243
QvÎx 1059729 229204 179258 22576 1490767
2005 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2236025 550813 529952 136431 3453221
QvÎx 1170220 253207 197316 27922 1648665
2006 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2252091 554653 529497 138805 3475046
QvÎx 1178971 255639 197222 28667 1660499
2008 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2237010 611654 548290 162524 3559478
QvÎx 1194313 293239 223162 39119 1749833
2009 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2386113 685092 581839 164753 3817797
QvÎx 1276024 332188 239084 41918 1889214
2010 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2444568 719332 604471 172470 3940841
QvÎx 1342149 357385 264094 46687 2010315
2011 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2442220 682423 634069 180214 3938926
QvÎx 1347800 345066 281441 50889 2025196
2012 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2366792 690358 635375 211864 3904389
QvÎx 1313297 350848 281842 61530 2007517
2013 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2248051 685450 624549 214271 3772321
QvÎx 1261998 354730 281524 65494 1963746
2014 ‡gvU wkÿv_x© 2275944 691762 626770 220804 3815280
QvÎx 1263907 360023 284576 69469 1977975
Dc‡ii QK †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmvi wkÿv avivq QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì Zzjbvg~jK e„w×i nv‡ii AMÖMwZi
aviYv cvIqv hvq| wb‡¤œ 1952 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ (`vwLj-Kvwgj) gvìvmvmg~‡ni QvÎx‡ì
Zzjbvg~jK mviYx 26 QK AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
mviYx-3
mb QvÎx `vwLj Avwjg dvwhj Kvwgj ‡gvU
2002 QvÎx 1082892 216571 196843 11518 1507824
2003 QvÎx 1144358 242908 196209 24741 1608216
2004 QvÎx 1059729 229204 179258 22576 1490767

26 cÖv¸³
235
2005 QvÎx 1170220 253207 197316 27922 1648665

2006 QvÎx 1178971 255639 197222 28667 1660499
2007 QvÎx 1194313 293239 223162 39119 1749833
2008 QvÎx 1276024 332188 239084 41918 1889214
2009 QvÎx 1342149 357385 264094 46687 2010315
2010 QvÎx 1347800 345066 281441 50889 2025196
2011 QvÎx 1313297 350848 281842 61530 2007517
2012 QvÎx 1261998 354730 281524 65494 1963746
2013 QvÎx 1263907 360023 284576 69469 1977975
2014 QvÎx 1263907 360023 284576 69469 1977975
Dc‡ii QK †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmvi wkÿv avivq QvÎ‡ì cvkvcvwk QvÎx‡ì µge„w×i nvi jÿ¨ Kiv
hvq| G †`‡k bvix wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î hv c~‡e© KíbvI Kiv †hZbv| ZvB ejv hvq, GKwesk kZvãx‡Z G‡m
gvìvmv wkÿv avivq bvix wkÿv_x©‡ì †jLv-cov Avkvbyiƒc AMÖMwZ mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ 1952 mvj †_‡K
2015 mvj ch©šÍ (`vwLj-Kvwgj) wj½ wfwËK A_v©r gwnjv gvìvmv Ges mvaviY gvìvmvmg~‡ni
Zzjbvg~jK mviYx 27 QK AvKv‡i cÖ`Ë n‡jv:
mviYx-4
eQi `vwLj Avwjg dvwhj Kvwgj ‡gvU
‡gvU gwnjv ‡gvU gwnjv ‡gvU gwnjv ‡gvU gwnjv ‡gvU gwnjv
1995 4121 358 871 33 881 5 104 1 5977 397
1996 4687 383 949 33 899 4 115 1 6655 421
1997 4795 459 983 31 955 9 118 1 6851 500
1998 4868 520 998 42 970 13 120 1 6956 576
1999 4890 609 1074 59 1017 21 141 3 7122 692
2000 5015 628 1087 61 1029 23 148 4 7279 784
2001 5391 701 1087 61 1029 21 144 4 7651 784
2002 5536 733 1105 64 1032 23 147 4 7820 821
2003 5995 847 1220 80 1030 20 165 4 8410 951
2004 6315 926 1320 86 1012 22 172 6 8819 1040
2005 6685 1017 1315 91 1039 24 175 6 9214 1138
2006 6798 1034 1345 98 1040 24 178 7 9361 1163
2008 6779 1046 1401 107 1013 25 191 8 9384 1186
2009 6771 1058 1487 114 1022 24 195 8 9475 1204
2010 6660 1031 1486 114 1021 24 194 8 9361 1177
2011 6669 1028 1401 107 1056 32 204 10 9330 1177
2012 6745 1028 1442 109 1049 27 205 11 9441 1175
2013 6593 1003 1470 112 1054 27 219 12 9336 1154
2014 6582 993 1482 113 1055 27 222 12 9341 1145
2015 6565 991 1480 113 1053 27 221 12 9319 1143
236
Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿv avivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿv avivq g~jZ: `vwLj beg †kªYx †_‡K mivmwi MÖšwfwËK nv`xm cvV`vb ïiæ nq| Gi
Av‡Mi †kÖwY¸‡jv‡Z AvKvB` I wdKn MÖ‡ši wewfbœ wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi wKQz PP©v jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
wb‡¤œ cÖ_gZ: Be‡Z`vqx cÂg †kÖwY †_‡K Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ AvKvB` I wdK‡n Kx cwigvY nv`xm PP©v nq Zv
Av‡jvPbvc~e©K Gi avivevwnKZvq Kvwgj RvgvZ ch©šÍ nv`xm welqK wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv nj-
Be‡Z`vqx cÂg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv Gi 5g †kÖwY‡Z mivmwi †Kvb nv`xm eB cvV¨ †bB| Z‡e AvKvB` I
wdKn& bv‡g †h eBwU cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q Zv‡Z †ek wKQz nv`xm PP©v n‡q _v‡K| G AvKvB` I
wdKn& bv‡gi eBwU‡Z QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨vq: Bgvb-AvKvB`, 2q Aa¨vq: bex ivm~j,
wKZve, †d‡ikZv, AvwLivZ, ZvK`xi, Awj I KvivgvZ; 3q Aa¨vq: wdKn& I ZvnvivZ, 4_© Aa¨vq: Bev`Z-
mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ I n¾; 5g Aa¨vq: AvLjvK; lô Aa¨vq: `yÕAv I gybvRvZ m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 84
c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi eY©bv MívKv‡i wkïmyjf fw½‡Z D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|28 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv
hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši cuvPwU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ ¯v‡b 22 Lvbv †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Mí”Q‡j AvKl©Yxq fvlvq wewfbœ nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GQvovI
wewfbœ ev¯Íe wPÎK‡íi gva¨‡g †KvgjgwZ wkï‡ì gb‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
`vwLj lô †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv Gi 6ô †kÖwYi AvKvB` I wdKn& eBwU wZbwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨vq: Avj-AvKvB` Z_v AvKvC` I Øxb, wdwikZv, ivm~j, Avmgvbx wKZve, wKqvg‡Zi
Dci wek¦vm; 2q Aa¨vq:Avj-wdKn Z_v bvRvmvZ-ZvnvivZ, cvwbi weavb, mvjvZ, mvIg cÖm‡½; 3q
Aa¨vq: AvLjvK Z_v DËg PwiÎ, •bwZK Aeÿ‡qi KviY, `yÔAv, whKi I gybvRvZ m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 132
c„ôv e¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi eY©bv MívKv‡i wkïmyjf fw½‡Z D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 29 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv
hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši wZbwU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ ¯v‡b 26 Lvbv †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î
`vwLj mßg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv Gi mßg †kÖwYi AvKvB` I wdKn& eBwU wZbwU fv‡M web¨vm Kiv
n‡q‡Q| h_v- 1g fvM: Avj-AvKvB`, G‡Z AvKB`, `xb, ZvInx`, bex-ivm~j, †d‡ikZv, wKZve,
AvwLivZ, ZvK`x‡i wek¦vm ¯vcb I mvnvevM‡Yi cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw` 10wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í n‡q‡Q|
2q Aa¨vq: Avj-wdKn Z_v wdKn msKj‡bi BwZnvm, bvRvmvZ-ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, mvIg cÖm‡½ 08wU
Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q; 3q Aa¨vq: AvLjvK Z_v DËg PwiÎ, g›` ¯^fve, `yÔAv, whKi I gybvRvZ
m¤ú‡K© 03wU Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZbwU fv‡M D³ MÖ‡š 169 c„ôv e¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi
eY©bv Z_v wdKnx gvmvBj D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|30 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši 21wU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ
¯v‡b gvmAvjv eY©bvi cÖgvY m¦iƒc 47 Lvbv †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
28 Avey mv‡jn †gv. KzZeyj Avjg, Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` bygvb, gynv¤§` bygvb, †gvng¥` bRgyj û`v Lvb iwPZ I Aa¨ÿ nv‡dR KvRx †gv.
Avãyj Avjxg m¤úvw`Z, AvKvB` I wdKn, (Be‡Z`vqx 5g †kÖYx) XvKv: evsjv‡`k gv`ªvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2013, c„. 1-
84(we.`ª.)
29 W. gvIjvbv G †K Gg gvneyeyi ingvb, W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` bRiæj Bmjvg Avj-gviæd, gvIjvbv Aveyj Kv‡kg dRjyj nK iwPZ I
gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb m¤úvw`Z, AvKvB` I wdKn, (`vwLj 6ô †kÖYx) XvKv: evsjv‡`k gv`ªvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î,
2012, c„. 1-132(we.`ª.)
gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb m¤úvw`Z, AvKvB` I wdKn, (`vwLj 7g †kÖYx) XvKv: evsjv‡`k gv`ªvmv wkÿv †evW©, †m‡Þ¤î, 2013, c„.
1-169(we.`ª.)
237
`vwLj Aóg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v

evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv Gi Aóg †kÖwYi AvKvB` I wdKn& eBwU wZbwU fv‡M web¨vm Kiv
n‡q‡Q| h_v- 1g fvM: Avj-AvKvB`, G‡Z AvKvB` I `xb, ZvInx`-wkiK, bex-ivm~j, wKZve, AvwLivZ,
ZvK`x‡i wek¦vm ¯vcb I ZvhwKqv bvdm BZ¨vw` 08wU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2q Aa¨vq: Avj-wdKn
Z_v wdKn msKj‡bi BwZnvm, gvhnv‡ei ¸iæZ¡, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ, h‡en I gvbœZ cÖm‡½
06wU Aa¨vq Ry‡o Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q; 3q Aa¨vq: AvLjvK nvmvbv Z_v DËg PwiÎ, •bwZK Aeÿ‡qi KviY,
nvjvj-nvivg, DËg PwiÎ AR©‡bi Dcvq, nv`xm kix‡di Av‡jv‡K gvmbyb `yÔAv, whKi I gybvRvZ m¤ú‡K©
05wU Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wZbwU fv‡M D³ MÖ‡š 220 c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi eY©bv Z_v wdKnx
gvmvBj D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|31 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši 19wU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ ¯v‡b gvmAvjv
eY©bvi cÖgvY m¦iƒc 53 Lvbv †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
`vwLj beg-`kg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
1950 mvj †_‡K `vwLj cixÿv ïiæ nq|32 ZLb †_‡KB beg-`kg †kÖwYi wm‡jev‡m kvqL Iqvjx DwÏb
Avj-LvZxe AvZ-wZewihx (in.) iwPZ wek¦weL¨vZ msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš ÒwgkKvZyj gvmvexnÓ Gi
wbe©vwPZvsk wba©vwiZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e cwVZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Avwjqv avivq g~jZ: wgkKvZ kix‡di cVb-
cvV`v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q mivmwi m¦Zš¿ welq wn‡m‡e cvV`vb ïiæ nq| G avivevwnKZvq 2013 mvj †_‡K
Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿvavivq nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î `vwLj beg-`kg †kÖwY‡Z Ònv`xm kixdÓ wk‡ivbv‡g bZzb
cvV¨µ‡gi Av‡jv‡K iwPZ cvVëB Gi gva¨‡g wkÿv`vb ïiæ n‡q‡Q |
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv Gi beg-`kg †kÖwYi Ònv`xm kixdÓ eBwU wZbwU fv‡M web¨vm Kiv
n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: nv`xm cwiwPwZ wb‡q GKwU cwi‡”Q` iwPZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci wkóvPvi m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ w`K
wb‡q K‡qKwU Aa¨vq iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb: mvjvg †Ìqv, Kv‡iv M„‡n cÖ‡e‡ki AbygwZ MÖnY, gymvdvnv,
nvwP, nvB I nvwm, gvZvwcZvi wL`g, AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© iÿv Kiv, m„wói †mev BZ¨vw` RxebNwbô Avè-
Kvq`v m¤úwK©Z 31wU Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖ‡š 343 c„ôv e¨vcx nv`x‡mi g~j Aviex BeviZ
(nvivKvZhy³) D‡jøLc~e©K evsjv PwjZ ixwZ‡Z mij Abyev‡ì cvkvcvwk cÖ‡qvRbxq kã we‡kølY I e¨vL¨v
D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|33 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, gvìvmv †evW© KZ©„K msKwjZ D³ nv`xm MÖšwUi AwaKvsk
nv`xm g~jZ: ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ bvgK nv`xm MÖš †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov eZ©gvb hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi
Av‡jv‡K AvaywbK †ek wKQz bZzb wk‡ivbvg jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †hgb- nvjvj DcvR©b, BfwUwRs, mš¿vmx
Kg©KvÛ I gv`K-‡bkv, RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg msµvšÍ Aa¨vq iPbv K‡i nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Avwjg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
1976 mvj †_‡K Avwjg †kªYx‡Z ÒwgkvKvZzj gvmvexnÓ kxl©K weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš †_‡K wKZveyj Cgvb,
Bjg, mvjvZ, n¾, BZ¨vw` Aa¨vqmg~n cwVZ n‡q Avm‡Q| G Qvov gydwZ Avgxgyj Gnmvb (in.) iwPZ
Òwghvbyj AvLeviÓ Dm~jyj nv`xm wel‡q wba©vwiZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e cwVZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
dvwRj †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
1978 mvj †_‡K dvwhj †kªYx‡Z ÒwgkvKvZzj gvmvexnÓ bvgK weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš †_‡K wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ,
hvKvZ, wbKvn I wRnv` BZ¨vw` Aa¨vqmg~n cwVZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Z‡e dvwhj †kÖwY‡K wWwMÖi mggvb cÖ`v‡bi
gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb Lvb m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv, XvKv: AvKvB` I wdKn, (`vwLj 8g †kÖYx) XvKv: evsjv‡`k gv`ªvmv
wkÿv †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2013, c„. 1-220(we.`ª.)
32 gynv¤§` Bwjqvm Avjx, cÖv¸³, c„. 343-345(we.`ª.)
33 gvIjvbv W. ‣mq` gynv¤§` kivdZ Avjx, gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx`, gvIjvbv Av. b. g gvneyeyi ingvb iwPZ I gvIjvbv W. †gv. `vD`
Avngv` m¤úvw`Z, nv`xm kixd, (`vwLj beg-`kg †kÖYx) XvKv: evsjv‡`k gv`ªvmv wkÿv †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2013, c„. 1-
343(we.`ª.)
238
j‡ÿ 2013 mvj †_‡K wkÿv el© `yB eQ‡ii cwie‡Z© wZb eQi wba©viY Ges wm‡jev‡m e¨vcK cwieZ©b
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we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v
Avwjqv gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯vq 1909 mv‡j UvB‡Uj (hv cieZ©x‡Z Kvwgj) †kªYx †Lvjvi ci †_‡KB
Ôwmnvn wmËvÕ Z_v mnxûj eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg, RvwgÔ wZiwghx, mybvby Avex `vD`, mybvby bvmvC, mybvby
Beb gvRvn cwVZ n‡q Avm‡Q| cieZx©‡Z Beb nvRvi AvjAvmKvjvbx (in.) iwPZ ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓ
MÖšwU‡K Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi cvV¨ eB wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq, hv GLbI Pjgvb i‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨ †h, 1978 mvj †_‡K 2012 mvj ch©šÍ BewZ`vqx RvgvÔZ †_‡K Kvwgj RvgvAvÔZ ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k
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miKvi †_‡K ewnf©~Z iv‡Lb ZvB G bv‡g WvKv nq| ¯§Z©e¨ †h, AvKvC` kv‡¯¿ GKwU evwZj wdiKvi bvg
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M. evsjv‡`‡k KIgx avivi DrcwË I weKvk: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg I me©e„nr Øxbx wkÿv cÖwZôvb Avj-
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gv`vivmv Rbbx bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| 1896 mv‡j gvìvmvwU cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| Z‡e 1901 mv‡j
nvUnvRvixi eZ©gvb ¯v‡b ¯vbšÍwiZ Kiv nq|38 G Kvi‡YB nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi cÖavb †MB‡U cÖwZôv mb
wn‡m‡e 1901 wjLv i‡q‡Q| gvIjvbv nvweeyjøvn (in.), gvIjvbv hgxi DwÏb (in.), gvIjvbv Ave`yj
Iqv‡n` (in.), gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` gv`vikvnx (in.) I mydx Avwhhyi ingvb (in.) cÖgyL Ijvgv
wKiv‡gi †h․_cÖ‡Póvq wek¦weL¨vZ G gvìvmvwUi †MvovcËb nq| 1908wLª.†_‡K GLv‡b `vIiv‡q nv`xm
¯Íi ch©šÍ †Lvjv nq| eZ©gvb gvìvmvwU GKvwaK wefvMmn wek¦we`¨vjq gv‡bi GKwU cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e Pvjy
i‡q‡Q|39 g~jZ G gvìvmvwU fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì †PZbv, Av`k©, D‡Ïk¨, wbmve I wkÿv
eë¯vi Abymi‡Y cwiPvwjZ nq | G †PZbv‡eva †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k KIgx gvìvmvmg~‡ni Afvebxq
AMÖMwZ I cÖmvi cwijwÿZ nq|
N. KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© : ‡Ìe›`x avivq M‡o IVv G‡`‡ki nvRvi nvRvi KIgx gvìvmvi Rb¨
GKK, myk„•Lj †Kvb wkÿv †evW© M‡o I‡Vwb| KviY Giv miKvwi †Kvb Aby`vb MÖnY K‡i bv, d‡j G‡ì
wkÿveë¯vi Dci ivóªxq †Kvb wbqš¿Y wQj bv| G avivi wkÿveë¯vq Zv‡ì AvÂwjK I e¨w³K D‡`¨v‡M
†ek K‡qKwU †ev‡W©i Aaxb Zv‡ì wkÿvKvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡q AvmwQj| 2018 mv‡j miKvi Zv‡ì
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36 gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK Bmjvgvev`x, ÔKIgx gvìvmvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ I Ae`vbÕ, •`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv: 28 A‡±vei, 2016wLª.
37 cwiwPwZ, `viæj Djyg gCbyj Bmjvg, PÆMÖvg: nvUnvRvix, 1977 wLª.,
38 KIgx wcwWqv, nvUnvRvix gvìvmv PÆMÖvg, cÖeÜ cÖKvk 19 †g 2018; https://www.qowmipedia.com
39 Ghnviæj nK, nvqv‡Z gydZx Avhg, PÆMÖvg: dqwRqv KzZze Lvb, 1399 wn. c„. 32-33(we.`ª.)
240
1. Avhv` Øxbx G`viv‡q Zvjxg evsjv‡`k: evsjv‡`k miKvi ¯^xK…Z e„nËi wm‡jU wefvM †Kw›`ªK KvIgx
gvìvmv wfwËK GKwU wkÿv †evW©| KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©mg~‡ni g‡a¨ GwU me‡P‡q cÖvPxb| 1941
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Aax‡b cÖvq 768wU cyiæl I 120wU gwnjv gvìvmv i‡q‡Q|40
2. AvÄygv‡b B‡Ënv`yj gv`vwim evsjv‡`k: evsjv‡`k miKvi ¯^xK…Z GKwU KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© hv
Avj Rvwgqv Avj Bmjvwgqv cwUqvi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ nq| 1959 mv‡j Rvwgqv cwUqvi cÖwZôvZv
gydwZ AvwRRyj n‡Ki ZË¡veav‡b nvRx gynv¤§` BDbym GB †evW©wU MVb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b GB †ev‡W©i
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3. †edvKzj gv`vwiwmj Avivweqv evsjv‡`k: evsjv‡`k miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z KIgx gvìvmv mg~‡ni me©e„nr
†evW© GwU| evsjv‡`k KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© bv‡gI cwiwPZ| 2012 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abyhvqx Gi
Aax‡b wek nvRv‡iiI AwaK KIgx gvìvmv i‡q‡Q| D³ wkÿv‡evW©wU 1938 mvj †_‡K 1994 mvj
ch©šÍ XvKvi Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev` gvìvmvq Awdwmqvj Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nZ|
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XvKv-1204 GjvKvq wbR¯^ RvqMvq Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
4. †edvKzj gv`vwiwmj KIwgqv MnviWv½v evsjv‡`k: GwU evsjv‡`k KIgx gvìvmvmg~‡ni Ab¨Zg GKwU
†evW©| 1972 mv‡j gvIjvbv kvgmyj dwi`cyix (in.) cÖwZwôZ MInviWv½v gvìvmvi ZË¡eav‡b GwU
cwiPvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Gi Aaxb `yB kZvwaK gvìvmv i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb G
†ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Avm‡Qb|41
5. Zvbhxgyj gv`vwiwmj KIwgqv evsjv‡`k: e„nËi DËie‡½i KIgx gvìvmvmg~‡ni wkÿv‡evW©| 1981
mv‡j Avj-RvwgqvZzj Bmjvwgqv Kv‡mgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| G‡Z †QvUeo †ò
kZvwaK gvìvmv i‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GwU BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi evsjv‡`k, emyÜiv, XvKv Gi
ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ nq| giûg dwKûj wgjøvZ gydwZ Ave`yi ingvb (in.) Gi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb|
eZ©gv‡b Zvi eo †Q‡j `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|42
6. RvZxq Øxwb gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© evsjv‡`k: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv `viæj KziAvb evwbqvPs
gvìvmvq G †ev‡W©i Kvh©vjq Aew¯Z|cÖwZôv mb 1965 mv‡j Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq| G †ev‡W©i Aaxb
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KvIwgqv Gi Aaxfz³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
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Bmjvgx wkÿv †evW©| KIgx gvìvmvi ¯^vZwš¿K •ewkó¨ eRvq †i‡L `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì Av`k© I
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Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| DwjøwLZ QqwU †ev‡W©i Aaxb mKj wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi mgwš^Z `vIiv cixÿv
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P. evsjv‡`k Avn‡j nv`xm gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©: evsjv‡`k Avn‡j nv`xm gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© GwU XvKvi
DËi hvÎvevwo‡Z Aew¯Z| KIgx avivi Avn‡j nv`xm Nivbvi G wkÿv †evW©wU 2008 mvj †_‡K Zv‡ì
40 Avhv` G`viv‡q ZvÔjxg Gi msweavb, wm‡jU: Avhv` Øxbx G`viv‡q ZvÔjxg evsjv‡`k, ms¯‥. 2, c„. 4
41 MVbZš¿, ‡edvKzj gv`vwiwmj KIwgqv MnviWv½v evsjv‡`k, c„. 17
42 gvIjvbv Avhxhyj nK Bmjvgvev`x, ÔKIgx gvìvmvi cwiPq I Ae`vbÕ, •`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv: 20 †deªæqvwi,2017wLª., c„. 6
43 cwiwPwZ, nweMÄ: RvZxq Øxwb gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW©, c„. 2
241
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Q| G †ev‡W©i ZË¡eav‡b mviv †`‡k Avn‡j nv`xm cwiPvwjZ AvU kZvwaK
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(in) Gi D‡`¨v‡M KIgx gvìvmvi Av`‡j QviQxbvq GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ nq| eZ©gvb cxi gvIjvbv
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KIgx avivi wkÿv_x©‡ì nv`xm PP©v I µge„w× wPÎ

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2019 wLª.) djvdj wb‡¤œ Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jvÑ
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1979 732 58 28 62 27 44 31 568 354
1980 968 85 49 37 31 87 53 759 579
1981 1106 165 80 53 31 121 79 767 525
1982 1058 218 134 65 45 148 79 627 488
1983 1379 174 112 97 66 262 156 794 609
1984 1568 242 159 153 105 271 172 785 586
1985 1874 365 262 194 133 295 154 825 639
1986 2055 393 213 259 159 309 187 924 569
1987 2446 538 319 280 119 327 213 873 702
1988 2839 536 343 291 193 395 213 926 778
1989 3206 649 413 318 206 448 277 959 712
1990 3567 701 410 300 163 471 222 1060 833
1991 3781 680 393 407 226 508 218 1103 803
1992 3819 693 486 370 269 547 345 1061 904
1993 4241 771 454 475 283 502 279 1164 824
1994 4907 666 402 570 298 547 262 1380 799
1995 5564 816 584 583 353 671 412 1417 998
1996 5925 883 606 632 392 704 370 1465 1076
1997 6457 770 509 673 390 711 451 1710 1269
1998 7441 914 653 790 463 825 431 2108 1443
44 M‡elK 3.4.21 Zvwi‡L †evW© Kg©KZv© Rbve gydhhj ûmvBb gv`vbxi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
45 gynv¤§` Avj-Avgxb, Aviex I Bmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ívi I mgvR ms¯‥v‡i QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbvœ r Avwjqv gvìvmvi f~wgKv, XvKv:
XvKvwek¦we`¨vq, 2018wLª., (AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP.wW. w_wmm) c„.53
242
1999 7711 980 653 794 564 749 424 2076 1511
2000 9206 1137 819 897 574 934 446 2479 1736
2001 11086 1320 949 1136 754 1088 650 2959 2142
2002 12017 1438 956 1212 712 1099 599 3143 2271
2003 13801 1664 1098 1379 835 1280 705 3647 2325
2004 15059 1782 1173 1473 1027 1383 796 3811 2687
2005 18300 2344 1735 1748 1148 1730 1067 4643 3431
2006 22158 2757 2030 2070 1340 2038 1231 5608 4137
2007 26416 3631 2519 2522 1594 2277 1369 6947 4940
2008 30346 3748 2875 3000 2016 2816 1709 7793 5829
2009 33155 4336 3202 3299 2268 3041 1725 8184 5576
2010 35727 4416 3277 3656 2397 3285 2020 8880 6234
2011 40089 4718 3439 4126 2500 3576 2174 10009 6611
2012 45067 5402 3750 4546 2837 4038 2506 11181 7297
2013 50265 5685 4382 4968 3121 4743 2986 12298 8343
2014 55572 6656 5137 5336 3583 5683 3395 13409 9268
2015 63358 6940 5351 6019 3872 6449 3992 15488 11753
2016 73648 7812 6029 6966 4740 7201 4979 18116 14112
2017 86170 9160 6624 8055 5424 8439 5473 21776 16426
2018 104626 14892 11879 9014 6466 10119 6764 25504 20390
2019 136162 16612 11921 12367 8516 14045 9064 33770 25636
me©‡gvU 954872 117747 86407 91192 60240 94206 58678 242996 178145
DwjøwLZ QK †_‡K †edvKzj gv`vwiwmj Avivweq¨vi (KIgx wkÿv †ev‡W©i) GKPwjøk eQ‡ii djvdj
we‡køl‡Y †`Lv hvq †h, 1979 mv‡j †hLv‡b ZvKwgj cixÿv_x©‡ì msL¨v wQj gvÎ 58 Rb; †mLv‡b 2019
mv‡j cixÿv_x©‡ì msL¨v `vuwo‡q‡Q 16612 R‡b| Abyiƒcfv‡e mKj †kÖwY‡Z KIgx gvìvmvi wkÿv_x©‡ì
msL¨vi µge„w×i nvi I nv`xm PP©vi ev¯Íe wPÎ D³ Q‡Ki gva¨‡g dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
KIgx avivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

R. KIgx avivi wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv
KIgx gvìvmvi †h mKj †kªYx‡Z nv`xm welqK †KvbMÖš ev welq cvV¨m~wPi AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q †Kej †m
mKj †kÖwYi wm‡jevm wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì nv`xm
PP©vi cwigvb, aib I cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv hv‡e| ZvB wb‡¤œ Zv‡ì wm‡jev‡mi Dci mÜvbx `„wó‡Z
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vwcZ n‡”Q-
1. Avj-gvinvjvZyj BewZ`vqxqvn (cÖv_wgK ¯Íi)
b~ivbx gvìvmvq nv`xm PP©v : b~ivbx g³e wefvM hv wZb eQi †gqv`x (1g-3q †kÖwY) cÖv_wgK wkÿv
Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| G c×wZi D™¢veK gvIjvbv K¡vix †ejv‡qZ ûmvBb (in.)| G c×wZ‡Z mnxn-ï×
KziAvb wZjvIqvZ wkÿvi cvkvcvwk GK Rb gymwj‡gi eywbqv`x Bmjvgx wkÿv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †hgb:
GKRb gywg‡bi Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj gvmAvjv-gvmvwqj, gvmbyb `yÔAv BZ¨vw` wkÿv †`qv nq| mv‡_
mv‡_ GKRb †KvgjgwZ wkï‡K welq wfwËK 60wU nv`xm evsjv A_©mn gyL¯ Kiv‡bv nq, hv AvRxeb
Zv‡ì ü`qgv‡S cv_i‡Lv`vB Gi b¨vq ¯vqxfv‡e ¯vb K‡i †bq| G Qvov Z„Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ evsjv, Bs‡iRx
I MwYZ †kLv‡bv nq| b~ivbx kvLv‡K A‡bK KIgx gvìvmvi AšÍf©y³ ivLv n‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kv_vI m¦Zš¿
gvìvmv wn‡m‡eI cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k b~ivbx gvìvmvq AmsL¨ wkÿv_x© KziAvb-nv`x‡mi eywbqv`x
wkÿvMÖnY K‡i †`‡ki Av`k© bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Q|
243
2. Avj-gvinvjvZyj gyZvImwmZvn (wn`v‡qZzb bvû): wn`v‡qZzb bvû RvgvÔAvZ ev Aóg †kÖwY‡Z wbe©vwPZ
nv`xm wk‡ivbv‡g 40 Lvbv welq wfwËK wbe©vwPZ nv`xm A_©mn gyL¯ Kiv‡bv nq|46 Gi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ
wKZve gydwZ dqhyjøvn (in.) KZ©„K iwPZ ÒdqRyj KvjvgÓ| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb gvìvmvq GB MÖš QvovI
wfbœ nv`xm MÖš †_‡K cvV`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
3. Avj-gvinvjvZyj mvbyweq¨vn Av¤§vn (ki‡n Rvgx): ki‡n Rvgx RvgvÔAvZ ev `kg †kÖwY‡Z 100 nv`xm
gyL¯ KiY| G †ÿ‡Î †edvKzj gv`vwim ÔAvjwdq¨vZzj nv`xmÕ bvgK wbev©wPZ nv`xm MÖš †_‡K
e½vbyev`mn GKkZ nv`xm gyL¯ Kivevi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|47
4. Avj-gvinvjvZyj mvbyweq¨vn DjBq¨vn (ki‡n †eKvqv): Bgvg beex msKwjZ Òwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÓ m¤ú~Y©
wKZvewU wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e wbav©wiZ|
5. Avj-gvinvjvZyj dhxjvn,Avm-mvbvZzj Djv (RvjvjvBb): RvjvjvBb RvgvÔAvZ ev Î‡qv`k †kÖwY‡Z
(wWwMÖ) Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi Dci Avjøvgv Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in.) iwPZ Òkin byLevZzj wdKviÓ MÖšwU
m¤ú~Y© wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|48
6. Avj-gvinvjvZyj dhxjvn, Avm-mvbvZzm mvwbqvn (wgkKvZ): wgkKvZ RvgvÔZ ev PZz_©`k †kÖwY‡Z
(wWwMÖ) kvqL Iqvwj DwÏb msKwjZ ÒwgkKvZyj gvmvwenÓ MÖšwU m¤ú~Y© wm‡jev‡mi AšÍ©f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| 49
7. Avj-gvinvjvZyj ZvKgxj (`vIiv‡q nv`xm): mnxûj eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg, RvwgÔwZiwghx, mybvby Avex
`vD`, mybvby bvmvC, mybvby Beb gvRvn, gyqvËv gvwjK, gyqvËv gynv¤§`, kiû gvÔAvwbj Avmvi Ges Dj~g~j
nv`xm|50 D‡jøL¨ †h, KIgx gvìvmv †evW© wek¦ weL¨vZ G bqwU nv`xmMÖš m¤ú~Y©UvB GK eQi †gqv`x
ZvKwgj RvgvAvÔ‡Zi Rb¨ wm‡jev‡m cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G wekvj wm‡jevm GK eQ‡i
ïay †`‡L †`‡L cov‡bvI Am¤¢e| ZvB wm‡jev‡m we‡kl GKwU †K․kj jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| †h‡nZy AwaKvsk
Aa¨vq cÖvq mKj wKZv‡e wgj i‡q‡Q, ZvB Zviv †Kvb wKZv‡ei †Kvb Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cvV`vb
Kiv n‡e Zvi GKUv m~PxcÎ ZvKwgj wm‡jev‡mi †k‡l mshy³ K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z w`¦iæ³ Gov‡bv m¤¢e nq|
†hgb: mnxn eyLvix †_‡K wKZveyj Cgvb, Bjg, gvMvhx; mnxn gymwjg †_‡K wKZveyh hvKvZ, eyqyÔ; Rvwg
wZiwghx †_‡K wKZveym mvjvZ, Avè; mybvb Avey `vD` †_‡K wKZveym mvIg Ges mybvb bvmvC †_‡K
wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ I gvbvwmK BZ¨vw` we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ZvKixi Kiv nq|
8. ZvLvm&mym wd Djywgj nv`xm (nv`xm wel‡q D”PZi †Kvm© )
evsjv‡`‡ki KIgx gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z nv`x‡mi D”PZi wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î GKUv mgq †Kej ZvKgxj †kÖwY ev
`vIiv nv`xm eySv‡jI GLb nv`xm kv‡¯¿ ZvLvmmym (D”PZi M‡elYv) Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ †K›`ª M‡o D‡V‡Q|
gykZvkwiKxb‡ì (Iwi‡q›Uvwj÷ wKsev cÖvP¨we`‡ì) wdZbv (wiRvj kv¯¿‡K weZwK©Z KiY cÖ‡Póv)
†gvKv‡ejv Kivi Rb¨ KIgx avivi AvwjgMY eo eo gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z nv`xm wel‡q D”PZi M‡elYv I
Aa¨q‡bi j‡ÿ¨ Dj~gyj nv`xm bv‡g ¯^Zš¿ GKwU wefvM Pvjy K‡i‡Qb|
Dj~gyj nv`xm wefv‡Mi m~Pbv: wVK K‡e †_‡K Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM Pvjy n‡q‡Q †m wel‡q mywbw`©ófv‡e ejv
m¤¢e bv n‡jI G gvìvmv¸‡jvi mv‡_ mswkøó Avwjg‡ì mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i †h mKj Z_¨ cvIqv hvq
Zvi Av‡jv‡K ejv hvq †h, me©cÖ_g giûg dwKûj wgjøvZ gydwZ Avãyi ingvb (in.) Gi ZË¡eav‡b
PÆMÖv‡gi cwUqv gvìvmvq †QvU cwim‡i GKwU nv`xm M‡elYv wefvM Pvjy Kiv nq| Z‡e K‡qK eQi ci G
wefvMwU eÜ n‡q hvq| Gici wKQzw`b c‡i †ek K‡qKwU gvìvmvq K‡qKwU Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM Pvjy
46 gydwZ Gbvgyj nK msKwjZ, gvKv`x‡i AvmevK (wm‡jevm), XvKv: †edvKzj gv`vwiwmj Avivweqv evsjv‡`k, 2017wLª., c„.18
47 cÖv¸³, c„.16
48 cÖv¸³, c„.12
49 cÖv¸³, c„.11
50 cÖv¸³, c„.07-10 (we.`ª.)
244
nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-XvKvi emyÜiv AvevwmK GjvKvq dwKûj wgjøvZ gydwZ Avãyi ingvb (in.) cÖwZwôZ
ÔBmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi evsjv‡`kÕ Gi Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM, XvKvi wgicy‡ii cjøex‡Z Aew¯Z ¯^bvgab¨
I weL¨vZ D”PZi M‡elYv cÖwZôvb ÔgviKvhy` `vIqv Avj-BmjvwgqvÕ-‡Z gydwZ Avãyj gvwj‡Ki ZË¡eav‡b
Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡k G cÖwZôvbwU wkÿv I M‡elYvq Abb¨ kxl© ¯vb
`Lj Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| G QvovI PÆMÖv‡gi nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq Ges cybivq cwUqv gvìvmvq Dj~gyj
nv`xm wefvM †Lvjv nq| cieZ©x‡Z eo eo Av‡iv K‡qKwU wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM †Lvjv
n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU cÖwZôvb n‡jv-wgicyi AvKei Kg‡cø· gvìvmv I
gmwR`, evBZzj Dj~g XvjKvbMi gvìvmv, †MÛvwiqv; PÆMÖvg dwUKQwo‡Z Aew¯Z bvbycyi Rvwgqv
Ievqw`qv gvìvmv, Rvwgqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev` gvìvmv, XvKv; wK‡kviMÄ Rvwgqv Bg`vw`qv, e¸ov
Rvwgj gvìvmv, bIMvu †cvikv gvìvmv, kvqL RvKvwiqv BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi, XvKv; BZ¨vw`|
Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv
`vIiv‡q nv`xm ev ZvKgxj wefvM †h‡nZz mw¤§wjZ KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© ÔAvj-nvqAvZzj DjBqv wjj
RvwgAvwZj KIwgqvÕ Gi Aax‡b wkÿvKvwiKzjvg I wm‡jevm wba©viY n‡q _v‡K wKš‧ Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi
(D”PZi nv`xm M‡elYvi) †ÿ‡Î Zv cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| eis G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡Z¨K gvìvmvi ¯^ ¯^ wefv‡Mi gvRwjmyZ
ZvÕwjgx ev GKv‡WwgK KwgwU wm‡jevm cÖYqb K‡i _v‡Kb| ZvB cÖwZwU gvìvmvi Dj~gyj nv`xm wefv‡Mi
wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †h welq¸‡jv mKj gvìvmvq mvaviYfv‡e cov‡bv nq Zvui GKwU mswÿß eY©bv
Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv|
G mKj gvìvmvq ÔAvj-gvbvwnRy` wìvwmq¨vÕ bv‡g wm‡jevm cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K| Zv‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q †h,
cÖwZwU gvìvmvq G wefvMwU `yB eQ‡ii wkÿvKvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i| `yB eQ‡ii wkÿv wm‡jev‡mi g‡a¨
cÖ_g e‡l© cvV I cV‡bi †Kvm© ev gvÏv †ewk ms‡hvwhZ n‡q‡Q| Avi wØZxq e‡l© eQ‡ii †kl fv‡M M‡elYv
w_wmm ev gvKvjv wjLv nq Ges ïiæ‡Z K‡qKwU †Kvm© ev gvÏv wba©vwiZ _vK‡jI †m mgq Ôwewfbœ wel‡q ev
nv`xm I AvmgvDi wiRv‡ji Dci ÔZvgixbÕ (G¨vmvBb‡g›U) Kiv‡bv nq| gvìvmv †f‡` ÔZvgix‡biÕ msL¨v
wewfbœ nq| Z‡e †QvU eo Zvgwib wgwj‡q cÖvq 50wUi Kg nq bv e‡j mswkøó wkÿK I QvÎMY gZ
w`‡q‡Qb| G ¸‡jvi gva¨‡g g~jZ GKRb wkÿv_©x‡K nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZi ev¯ÍweK †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM I
nv`x‡mi ï×vïw×i gvb wbY©q Kievi †hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv nq| Dj~gyj nv`xm wefvM¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYfv‡e †h
welq¸‡jv AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡¤§ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
1. gymZvjvûj nv`xm ev nv`x‡mi cwifvlvmg~n I G mswkøó welqvw`: gymZvjvn Avj-nv`xm Gi cÖPwjZ I
AvaywbK wKZvemg~‡ni g‡a¨ K‡qKwU wKZve cvV`vb Gi AšÍf©y³ _v‡K Avi evwK wKZve¸‡jv wkÿ_x©iv
e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡M Aa¨qb K‡ib| ì‡mi AšÍf©y³ wKZve¸‡jv n‡jv- gyKvÏvgvn Bebym mvjvn,
gvÕ‡idvZz Djywgj nv`xm wjj nvwKg, Zv`wieyi ivex, KvIqvwq` wd Djywgj nv`xm, BZ¨vw`|
2. Bjgyj IqvØÕD wdj nv`xm ev Rvj nv`xm, gvby‡li gy‡L gy‡L cÖPwjZ nv`xm I Zrmswkøó welqvw`: G
†Kvm©wU gymZvjvûj nv`x‡mi mv‡_ mswkøó n‡jI †h‡nZz GwU GKwU gvÏvn ZvB ¯^Zš¿ †Kvm© wn‡m‡e
cvV`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G †ÿ‡Î ÔAvj-IqvØÕD wdj nv`xmÕ bvgK MÖšwU cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq| Z‡e
†g․wjKfv‡e gvIRyAv‡Zi cÖavb cÖavb wKZve¸‡jv Aa¨qb (gyZvjvÕAv) Ki‡Z nq|
3. Bjgy BÕjvwjj nv`xm ev nv`x‡mi m~² welqvwì Aa¨qb: nv`xm kv‡¯¿i GB †Kvm©wU Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© I
RwUj| nv`x‡mi BjøZ ev †Mvcb †`vl ÎæwU wb‡q †h‡nZz GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq ZvB A‡bK
cÖwZôv‡b GB †Kvm©wU wØZxq e‡l© cvV`vb Kiv nq| cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Bgvg Beb iRe nv¤^jxi (in.)
Ôkiû BÕjvjyZ wZiwghxÕ MÖšwU cÖvavb¨ †`qv nq|
4. Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÕw`j ev ivex‡ì †`vl¸Y welqK Aa¨qb: GB †Kvm©wUI AZ¨šÍ cÖ‡qvRbxq I
¸iæZ¡en| †h‡nZy ZvbKx`yi ivwe wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq ZvB G †Kvm©wU‡K AZ¨waK cÖvavb¨ w`‡q
245
cov‡bv nq| GB †Kvm©i Rb¨ Ave`yj nvB jLbfx (in.) Gi ÔAvi-ivdD IqvZ ZvKgxjÕ MÖšwU we‡kl
we‡ePbvq ivLv n‡jI g~jZ wkÿK AvšÍR©vwZK gvb`Ð wVK †i‡L wbR¯^ c×wZ‡Z †Kvm©wU m¤úbœ
K‡ib| G QvovI i‡q‡Q,
K. Bjgyj Bmbv` ev nv`x‡mi mb`, nv`x‡mi wKZvemg~‡ni mb` I mb` welqK hveZxq Aa¨qb;
L. gvKvbvZzm mybœvn ev nv`x‡mi gh©v`v I Bj‡g nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë;
M. nv`x‡mi wKZvemg~‡ni †kÖwYweb¨vm I gh©v`v;
G †Kv‡m© nv`x‡mi hZ wKZve i‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| G mKj
wKZvemg~‡ni g‡a¨ wewfbœ †kÖwYweb¨vm I gh©v`vMZ cv_©K¨ wbY©‡q wkÿK ¯‥jvi‡ì AwfgZ
we‡kølY K‡i _v‡Kb|
N. Dm~jyj BmwZLivR ev wewfbœ wKZve †_‡K nv`xm †LvuRvi g~jbxwZ I ivex‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv;
eûmsL¨K nv`x‡mi MÖš †_‡K D×…Z nv`xmwU mn‡R Lyu‡R cvIqvi Awfbe c×wZ I bxwZgvjv
wb‡q cvV`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
O. Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi Dci Pvi gvhnve I Bgvg‡ì Ae`vb g~j¨vqb;
P. Bjgy AvmgvDi wiRvj ev wiRvj kv¯¿ Aa¨qb;
AvmgvDi wiRvj Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi RM‡Z Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GKwU welq| G wel‡q cÖv_wgK aviYv
w`‡q g~jZ wkÿv_©x‡ì‡K GZUzKz †hvM¨ K‡i †Zvjv nq; hv‡Z †m ciewZ©‡Z wbR¯^ †Póv kÖ‡g
G RM‡Z Mfx‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| G †Kv‡m©i AšÍf©y³ wn‡m‡e A‡bK Zvgwib ev G¨vmvBb‡g›U
Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K|
Q. KvIqvwq`yZ Zvmnxn Iqv ZvRwqd ev nv`x‡mi ï×vïw× wbY©‡qi c×wZ I g~jbxwZ welqK
Aa¨qb;
R. Avj-Avnvw`mym Rwqdv MvBivj gybKvivn ev `~e©j nv`xm hv gybKvi bq Gi weavbMZ Aa¨qb;
S. wndhyj nv`xm ev welqwfwËK nv`xm gyL¯ÍKiY;
T. w_wmm ev gvKvjv wjLb;
DwjøwLZ gvÏv ev †Kvm©¸‡jv nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cÖvPxb I AvaywbK wjwLZ cÖvgvY¨MÖšmg~n †_‡K Aa¨qb Kiv‡bv
nq| wbw`©ó wKQz MÖ‡ši ìm-Zv`wim n‡q _v‡K Avi evwK AwaKvsk wKZvemg~‡ni gyZvjvÕAv ev Aa¨q‡bi
AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq|
S. Avn‡j nv`xm avivi gvìvmvi wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv
G avivi gvìvmvq mßg †kÖwY †_‡K cvV¨ cy¯‡Í Ki gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v ïiæ nq| G †kÖwY‡K Zv‡ì
cwifvlvq gyZvImwmZvn mvbx ev mßg †kÖwY wn‡m‡e bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Rvgv‡Z Bgvg beex iwPZ
40 nv`xm evsjv A_©mn gyL¯ Kiv‡bv nq| AZtci (gyZvImwmZvn mwjm) Aóg †kÖwY‡Z Beb nvRvi Avj-
AvmKvjvbx iwPZ Òeyjy¸j gvivgÓ m¤ú~Y© cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi c‡i (gyZvImwmZvn ivex)
beg †kÖwY‡Z wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (1g LÐ) Ges (gyZvImwmZvn LvwgQ) `kg †kÖwY‡Z wgkKvZzj gvmvexn
(2q LÐ) I ZvBwmiæ gymZvjvûj nv`xm wm‡jevmf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gic‡i (mvbvweqv Djv) GKv`k
†kÖwY‡Z Rvwg wZiwghx I mybvby Beb gvRvn Gi (wba©vwiZ Aa¨vqmg~n) Ges (mvbvweqv mvbx) Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z
mybvby Avey `vD` I mybvb bvmvC Gi (wba©vwiZ Aa¨vqmg~n) mv‡_ byLevZzj wdKvi‡K cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY
Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl (Kzwjøqv) cÖ_g e‡l© mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg (1g LÐ) mv‡_ Zv`wieyi ivex
(wba©vwiZ Aa¨vqmg~n) Ges (Kzwjøqv) wØZxq e‡l© mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg (2q LÐ) Ges gyqvËv
gvwj‡Ki (wba©vwiZ Aa¨vqmg~n) cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wm‡jev‡m wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|51
51 evsjv‡`k RgCq‡Z Avn‡j nv`xm, wm‡jevm: evsjv‡`k Avn‡j nv`xm gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©, XvKv, 2008wLª., c„.6-16 (we.`ª.)
246
6.1.3 ¯‹zj-K‡jR ch©vq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

K. cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Í‡i nv`xm PP©v
evs‡`‡ki wkÿveë¯vq cÖv_wgK wkÿv¯Íi n‡”Q, cÖvK cÖv_wgK †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cÂg †kªwY ch©šÍ| G ¯Í‡i
me©vwaK wkÿv_x© cov-‡jLv Ki‡Q| G cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKRb wkÿv_©xi Rxe‡bi wfwËg~j| †KvgjgwZ
wkïivB †h‡nZz AvMvgx w`‡bi fwel¨r| ZvB Zv‡ì Av`k© bvMwiK wn‡m‡e M‡o Zyj‡Z n‡j Zv‡ì‡K
weï× Ávb weZiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| weï× Áv‡bi GKgvÎ Drm n‡”Q, Bjwg Inx| Avi KziAvb-nv`x‡mi
g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q Inxi Ávb| ZvB KwPKvPv ev”Pv‡ì G Áv‡b mg„× Kiv‡M‡jB fwel¨‡Z GK GKRb Av`k©
bvMwiK Avkv Kiv hvq| ZvB cvV¨cy¯ÍK¸‡jv‡K Kxfv‡e Av‡iv wkÿv_x©evÜe I mg„× Kiv hvq ZvB wPšÍv-
M‡elYvi welq| wb‡¤œ †kÖwY wfwËK cvVëB ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi ch©v‡jvPbv
Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
Z…Zxq †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi 3q †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv
eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨vq: Bgvb-AvKvB`, 2q Aa¨vq: Bev`Z, 3q Aa¨vq:
AvLjvK, 4_© Aa¨vq: KziAvb gvwR` wkÿv I 5g Aa¨vq: bex-ivm~j (mv.) m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 76 c„ôve¨vcx
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi eY©bv MívKv‡i wkïmyjf fw½‡Z Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|52 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, D³
MÖ‡ši cuvPwU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ ¯v‡b 13wU ¯v‡b †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î D‡jøL
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧ AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Mí”Q‡j AvKl©Yxq fvlvq wewfbœ nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G QvovI wewfbœ
ev¯Íe wPÎK‡íi gva¨‡g †KvgjgwZ wkï‡ì gb‡hvM AvKl©‡Yi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
PZy_© †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi 4_© †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv
eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g. Bgvb-AvKvB`, 2q. Bev`Z, 3q. AvLjvK, 4_©. KziAvb
gvwR` wkÿv I 5g. bex-ivm~jM‡Yi cwiPq I Rxebv`k© m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 95 c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb I
nv`x‡mi we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q|53 ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši cuvPwU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ cv‡Vi
ci‡Z ci‡Z 17wU ¯v‡b †QvU †QvU nv`xmvsk Ògnvbex (mv.) e‡j‡QbÓ m~‡Î D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‧
AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î MívKv‡i AvKl©Yxq fvlvq wewfbœ nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi
mvgvb¨ cÖqvm n‡jI Gi PP©vKvixi msL¨v G †`‡kiB jÿ jÿ †KvgjgwZ wkï| hw` Zviv G wkÿv‡K
h_vh_fv‡e aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i; Z‡e ZvivB n‡e •bwZK g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ Av`k© bvMwiK|
cÂg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi 5g †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv
eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1g Aa¨v‡q AvKvB`-wek¦vm, 2q Aa¨v‡q Bev`Z, 3q Aa¨v‡q
AvLjvK ev PwiÎ I •bwZK g~j¨‡eva, 4_© Aa¨v‡q KziAvb gvwR` wkÿv I 5g Aa¨v‡q gnvbex (mv.) Gi
Rxebv`k© I Ab¨vb¨ bexM‡Yi cwiPq m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 112 c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv
¯vb †c‡q‡Q|54 AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, D³ MÖ‡ši cuvPwU Aa¨v‡qi wewfbœ cv‡Vi ci‡Z ci‡Z 50wUi †ekx
nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi mvgvb¨ cÖqvk n‡jI Gi PP©vKvixi msL¨v
G‡`‡kiB jÿ jÿ †KvgjgwZ wkï| hw` Zviv G wkÿv‡K h_vh_fv‡e aviY K‡i; Z‡e Zviv •bwZK
g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ Av`k© gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡e|
52 Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Avãyj gvey`, Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` ZgxhyÏxb, Aa¨vcK G. we. Gg Avãyj gvbœvb wgqv I gynv¤§` Kzievb Avjx iwPZ
I m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv, (3q †kÖwY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, AvM÷, 2012, c„. 1-76 (we.`ª.)
53 Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` ZgxhyÏxb, Aa¨vcK G. we. Gg Avãyj gvbœvb wgqv I gynv¤§` Kzievb Avjx iwPZ I m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK
wkÿv, (4_© †kÖwY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2012, c„. 1-95 (we.`ª.)
54 Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` ZgxhyÏxb, Aa¨vcK G. we. Gg Avãyj gvbœvb wgqv I gynv¤§` Kzievb Avjx iwPZ I m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK
wkÿv, (5g †kÖwY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2012, c„. 1-112 (we.`ª.)
247
L. gva¨wgK wkÿv¯Í‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

lô †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi lô †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv
eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q (cvV-11) nv`x‡mi msÁv, e¨vL¨v, ¸iæZ¡ I
Zvrch©, (cvV-12) •bwZK ¸Yvewj m¤úwK©Z, [1.A½xKvi cvjb cÖm‡½, 2. wg_¨vi fqven cwiYvg m¤ú‡K]©
(cvV-13) gybvRvZg~jK, (cvc I fyjÎæwU Ges DcKvix we`¨v I nvjvj wih&K cÖv_©bv cÖm‡½) Ges (cvV-
14) •bwZK I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva cÖwZôvq nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 55 D³
nv`xm¸‡jvi cÖ_gZ kvwãK A_© AZtci e¨vL¨vg~jK Abyev`, Ae‡k‡l nv`x‡mi wkÿv¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv
Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GQvovI AvKvB`, Bev`Z, AvLjvK I Av`k©Rxeb PwiZ m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 112
c„ôve¨vcx KziAvb I nv`x‡mi we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q|
mßg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi mßg †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK
wkÿv eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q (cvV-12) nv`x‡mi msÁv, ¸iæZ¡ I
Zvrch©, wmnvn wmËvn [eyLvix, gymwjg, wZiwghx, Avey `vD`, bvmvC I Beb gvRvn] Gi cwiPq cÖm‡½,
(cvV-13) gybvRvZ g~jK nv`xm (1. wn`v‡qZ, ZvKIqv I Afve-AbUb †_‡K gyw³, 2. ÿgv, AbyMÖn-
wn`v‡qZ jvf I wihK cÖv_©bv, 3. AšÍi‡K `x‡bi Dci `„p ivLvi cÖv_©bv) cÖm‡½, (cvV-14) •bwZK ¸Yvewj
welqK nv`x‡m (1. ¯ªóvi `qv/AbyMÖn cvIqvi kZ© n‡”Q gvby‡li Dci `qv Kiv, 2. AvZ¥xqZvi m¤úK© wQbœ
Kivi cwiYwZ, 3. Agymwjg‡ì AwaKvi) cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| 56 D³ nv`xm¸‡jv e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î
cÖ_gZ kvwãK A_© AZtci e¨vL¨vg~jK Abyev`, Ae‡k‡l nv`x‡mi wkÿv¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G QvovI AvKvB`, Bev`Z, AvLjvK I Av`k©Rxeb PwiZ m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 119 c„ôve¨vcx
KziAvb I nv`x‡mi we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aóg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi Aóg †kÖwYi Bmjvg I •bwZK
wkÿv eBwU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q (cvV-14) gybvRvZ g~jK nv`xm (1.
Avjøvni AvbyM‡Zï Dci AšÍimg~n‡K AUj ivLvi cÖv_©bv, 2. AšÍ‡ii gyybvwdwK, Avg‡j †j․wKKZv, †PvL-
wRnevi Aceënvi, 3. my&¯Zv, cweÎZv, DËg PwiÎ I ZvK`x‡ii Dci mš‧ó _vKvi wel‡q cÖv_©bv) cÖm‡½,
Ges (cvV-15) nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K •bwZK wkÿvi ¸iæZ¡ welqK 09wU nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨vmn Av‡jvPbv
Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q| 57 D³ nv`xm¸‡jv e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_gZ kvwãK A_© AZtci e¨vL¨vg~jK Abyev`,
Ae‡k‡l nv`x‡mi wkÿv¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI AvKvB`, Bev`Z, AvLjvK I
Av`k©Rxeb PwiZ m¤ú‡K© D³ MÖ‡š 132 c„ôve¨vcx 62wU wk‡ivbv‡g KziAvb I nv`x‡mi we¯Íi Av‡jvPbv
D¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
beg-`kg †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm PP©v: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv Gi beg-`kg †kÖwYi Bmjvg I
•bwZK wkÿv eB‡qi wØZxq Aa¨vq Gi Òkixq‡Zi Drm: mybœvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g gnvbex (mv.) Gi gyL wbm„Z
10wU nv`xm ¯vb †c‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡jvwPZ welq n‡”Q, 1. wbqZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 2. Bmjv‡gi wfwË
m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 3. `vbkxjZv m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 4. e„ÿ‡ivcY m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 5. m‡e©vËg gvbyl m¤úwK©Z
nv`xm, 6. gvbe †cÖg I m„wói †mev m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 7. c‡ivcKvi m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 8. eëmv‡q mZZv
m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, 9. •ah¨© I mwnòzZv m¤úwK©Z nv`xm I 10. whKi m¤úwK©Z nv`xm| GQvovI G MÖ‡ši
55 gynv¤§v` Avãyj gv‡jK, W. Avãyi ikx`, W. †gvnv¤§` BDmyd, BDmyd †gvnv¤§` †kL I BKevj †gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg kixd iwPZ Ges
W. †gv. AvLZviæ¾vgvb m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv, (6ô †kÖwY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î,
2012, c„. 69-74(we.`ª.)
56 gynv¤§v` Avãyj gv‡jK, W. Avãyi ikx`, W. †gvnv¤§` BDmyd, BDmyd †gvnv¤§` †kL I BKevj †gvt Rvnv½xi Avjg kixd iwPZ Ges
W. †gv. AvLZviæ¾vgvb m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv, (7g †kwÖY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î,
2012, c„. 75-80(we.`ª.)
57 Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv, (8g †kÖwY), cÖv¸³, c„.78-80(we.`ª.)
248
cuvPwU Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q AmsL¨ nv`xm|58 D³ nv`xm¸‡jvi cÖ_gZ kvwãK A_©, AZtci
e¨vL¨vg~jK Abyev`, Ae‡k‡l nv`x‡mi wkÿv¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G †kÖwY Abycv‡Z
nv`xm AskUv LyeB Aí cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
M. D”Pgva¨wgK ch©v‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwYi Bmjvg wkÿv `ywU c‡Î web¨¯Í| cÖ_g c‡Î Bmjvgx wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZ, Bmjvg I
e¨w³ Rxeb, cvwievwiK Rxeb, mgvR Rxeb, ivóª eë¯v, A_©eë¯v I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖm‡½ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi
Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq c‡Î KziAvb, nv`xm, BRgv, wKqvm, wdKn kv¯¿, †g․wjK Bev`Z I
ZvmvIDd m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ Avj-nv`xm cv‡V Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© 25wU
wel‡q 25wU nv`xm PP©v Kiv n‡”Q| GwU cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq G‡Kev‡iB AcÖZzj| c~‡e© D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡q
ÔBmjvg wkÿvÕ ¸”Q wn‡m‡e Z„Zxq ev PZz_© welq wn‡m‡e Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM wQj| eZ©gv‡b welqwU Hw”QK
Kivi d‡j †m my‡hvMUzKzI Avi _vKj bv|
6.1.4 wek¦we`¨vjq ch©vq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z mxwgZ cwim‡i cVb-cvVb I M‡elYvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v n‡q _v‡K| eZ©gvb
Av‡jvPbv wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ mxgve× Kiv n‡q‡Q; KviY wm‡jevm GKwU wefv‡Mi cÖvY| gvbm¤§Z
wm‡jevm wefv‡Mi fveg~wZ© D¾¡j K‡i| wbwðZ K‡i wkÿvi gvb; wek¦gv‡bi wkÿv| GwU wkÿvKvh©µg
Dbœq‡bi cÖvgvY¨ GKwU `jxjI e‡U| ZvB wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g eySv hvq Zv KZUv hy‡Mi Pvwn`v I
wefv‡Mi jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ c~i‡Y mÿg| eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg©wU †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v welqK; ZvB
wek¦we`¨vjq ch©vq Kx cwigv‡Y nv`xm PP©v nq Zv AeMZ nIqvi cÖvgvY¨ Dcvq n‡”Q cÖwZwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
wba©vwiZ wefv‡Mi wbw`©ó wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| †m j‡ÿ¨ cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wm‡jevm
ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi aib-cÖK…wZ, cwigvY BZ¨vw` wel‡q AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡e|
1. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq (Xvwe) : BwZnvm I HwZn¨

1912 mv‡ji 29 Rvbyqvwi, XvKvi beve m¨vi mwjgyjøvn, abevoxi beve •mq` bIqve Avjx †P․ayix,
Awef³ evsjvi gyL¨gš¿x †k‡i evsjv G.‡K dRjyj nK Ges Ab¨vb¨ †bZ…e„›` ZrKvjxb weªwUk fvi‡Zi
fvBmi jW© nvwW©Ä Gi wbKU XvKvq GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi `vwe Rvbvq | G cÖ¯Ív‡ei wZb w`b ev‡`
1912 mv‡ji 2 †deªæqvix jW© nvwW©Ä XvKvq GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi cÖ wZkÖæwZ †`b| H eQi 27 †g
†e½j Mf©‡g›U cÖwZkÖæZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ ievU© bv_v‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ 13 m`m¨ wewkó GKwU
ÔXvKv wek¦we`¨vjq KwgwUÕ MVb K‡ib| G KwgwU 1912 mv‡j 16wU •eVK K‡i bxwZ wba©viY K‡i| G
QvovI KwgwU welqwfwËK 24wU mve-KwgwU MVb K‡i| Zb¥‡a¨ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wel‡qi mve-KwgwU‡Z
wQ‡jb, Avi. bv_vb, beve bIqve Avjx †P․ayix, WvweøD G. †R. AvP© †evì, gynv¤§` Avjx, Ave~ bmi gynv¤§`
Inx`, bIqve m¨vi LvRv mjxgyjøvn, gvIjvbv wkejx bygvbx, kvn myjvqgvb dzjIqvix, kvgmyj Djvgv
Kvgvj DÏxb Avngv`, †g․jex gynv¤§` Bidvb, †g․jex gyn¤§` gymv I †g․jfx wd`v Avjx Lvb|Ó591917
mv‡j MwVZ nq m¨vWjvi Kwgkb Ges G Kwgkb BwZevPK cÖ¯Íve w`‡j 1920 mv‡ji 13 gvP© fviZxq
AvBb mfv Òw` BDwbfvwm©wU A¨v±Ó (AvBb bs-13) cvm K‡ib| G AvBbwU ev¯Íevq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q 1921
58 gynv¤§v` Avãyj gv‡jK, W. Avãyi ikx` I W. †gvnv¤§` BDmyd iwPZ Ges W. †gv. AvLZviæ¾vgvb m¤úvw`Z, Bmjvg I •bwZK
wkÿv, (9g-10g †kÖwY) XvKv: RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© XvKv, †m‡Þ¤î, 2012, c„. 59-75(we.`ª.)
59 Aa¨vcK W. Avãyj evKx I Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, ÔXvKv wek¦we`¨vjq BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM : mswÿß cwiwPwZÕ, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM A¨vjvgbvB A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, 2q cybwgjbx ¯§viwYKv 2019, XvKv : BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM
A¨vjvgbvB A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb, 2019wLª., c„. 22
249
mv‡ji 1 RyjvB XvKvi igbv GjvKvi cÖvq 600 GKi Rwgi Dci wZbwU Abyl` I 12wU wefvM wb‡q GKwU
AvevwmK wek¦we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq| Zb¥‡a¨ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
Kjv Abyl`f~³ GKwU HwZnëvnx wefvM| c~e©e‡½ Bmjvgx Zvnhxe-ZgyÏb msiÿY I weKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨
†h KqwU wefvM wb‡q XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM Zb¥‡a¨ Ab¨Zg|
hv‡K wek¦we`¨vj‡qi “Corner Stones” wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv| Gi cÖ_g †nW-Ae-w` wWcvU©‡g‡›Ui
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib kvgmyj Djvgv Avey bmi gyn¤§` Inx`| wZwb QvovI weL¨vZ gynvwÏm gvIjvbv bv‡qe
nvmvb (g„. 1923 wLª.), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK ea©gvbx (g„. 1938 wLª), [1933-1938 wLª.] ch©šÍ cuvP
eQi, gvIjvbv hdi Avngv` Imgvbx (g„. 1974 wLª.), [1940-48 wLª.] ch©šÍ AvU eQi, gvIjvbv kvqL
Avãyi inxg (g„. 1973 wLª.), [1943-69 wLª.] ch©šÍ QvweŸk eQi, gvIjvbv wejv‡qZ †nvmvBb (g„. 1973
wLª.), [1943-69 wLª.] ch©šÍ mvZvBk eQi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e G wefv‡M wkÿKZv K‡ib| 60 Avwki `k‡K
mg‡qi Awbevh© cÖ‡qvR‡b Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR ¯^Zš¿¨ `ywU wefv‡M iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| 1980 mv‡j
¯^Zš¿ wefvM wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jv‡fi ci BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi †Pqvig¨v‡bi Avmb AjsK…Z K‡ib
cÖ‡dmi W. G.we. Gg nvweeyi ingvb †P․ayix| G wefvM RvwZ‡K Dcnvi w`‡q‡Q A‡bK L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm,
gydvwmmi, dwKn I Bmjvgx cwÐZ e¨w³Z¡|61
Xvwei BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jevmwfwËK nv`xm wel‡qi ch©v‡jvPbv

XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg wek¦we`¨vjq| G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefv‡Mi hvÎv †h‡nZz m~PbvjMœ †_‡K ZvB G wefv‡Mi BwZnvmI A‡bK cyivZb| G wefv‡M Kx cwigv‡Y
nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v n‡q Avm‡Q Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ wm‡jevm wfwËK nv`xm PP©v welqK AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb|
wKš‧ AvR †_‡K kZel© c~‡e©i bw_-dvBjcÎ Lyu‡R cvIqvUvI A‡bK gykwKj I `yiƒn e¨vcvi| Zvic‡iI
mva¨gZ †Póv Pvwj‡q G wefv‡Mi m~PbvjMœ †_‡K wm‡jevm wfwËK nv`xm welqK ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯vcb
Kiv n‡jv,
1. we G (cvm †Kvm©) Gi wm‡jevm
Isamic Stadies for the B.A (ordinary) Degree,1931
Syllabuses – Session: 1929-30;
Paper I.- Quran Tafsir and Hadith.
Islamic Studies for the B.A. (ordinary) Degree, 1931 wk‡ivbv‡g we G IiwWbvix †Kvm© 1929-30
wkÿve‡l©i cvV¨mywP wZbwU cv‡V wef³ wQ‡jv| Zb¥‡a¨ cvV-1 wk‡ivbv‡g Paper I.- Quran Tafsir and
Hadith. D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi we¯ÍvwiZ †Kvb eY©bv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| AZtci 1933 wkÿv e‡l©i
wm‡jev‡m wKQzUv cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GLv‡b cvV-1 Gi Aaxb Bjwg nv`x‡mi wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e Bgvg
gynv¤§` (in.) cÖYxZ ÒgyqvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`Ó Gi ïiæ †_‡K wKZveym mvjv‡Zi †kl ch©šÍ wba©viY Kiv nq|
we G cvm †Kvm© 1932-33 wkÿvel© †_‡K 1958-59 wkÿvel© ch©šÍ cvV¨mywP‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi wm‡jev‡m
†Kvb cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq bv| 1961-62 wkÿve‡l© nv`x‡mi †Kv‡m©i wk‡ivbv‡g wKQzUv cwieZ©b jÿ¨
Kiv hvq| Zv n‡”Q, 1g el© I 2q e‡l© fvM K‡i 2q e‡l©i cvV-2 Gi g‡a¨ Avj-nv`xm I Avj-wdKn
wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm-40, wdKn-35 Ges †Kvm© IqvK©-25 †gvU = 100 b¤^‡i g‡a¨ cixÿv MÖnY Kiv nq|
60 W. Av. d. g Avey eKi wmÏxK, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq : AZxZ I eZ©gvb, XvKv: Bdvev cwÎKv, Rvbyqvwi-gvP©, 1996 wLª., c„.11
61 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki ›
250
B. A. (Pass ) Courses
Session 1963-64
F II- ISLAMIC STUDIES
Paper I-Al-Tafsir and al-Hadith.
(a) Al-Tafsir: 50 marks; (b) Al-Hadith 50 marks
Examination to be held in 1965
1963-64 wkÿve‡l© B. A. (Pass Courses) Gi wm‡jev‡m nv`xm kv¯¿ welqK †Kv‡m©i 1g e‡li© cÖ_g cÎ
wn‡m‡e Paper I-Al-Tafsir and al-Hadith. wk‡ivbv‡g D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvbe›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î (a)
Al-Tafsir: 50 marks (b) Al-Hadith 50 marks Zvdmxi-50 Ges nv`xm-50 wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
avivevwnKZvq 1971-72 wkÿve‡l© nv`x‡mi †Kv‡m©i 2q e‡l©i 2q cÎ wn‡m‡e Paper II-Al-Hadith and
Al-Fiqh. wk‡ivbv‡g D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvbe›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î (a) Al-Hadith: 50 marks (b) Al-
Fiqh: 50 marks wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB wm‡jev‡mi aviv evwnKZv 1990-91 wkÿvel© ch©šÍ Pvjgvb
wQ‡jv|62
2. Gg G (wcÖwjwgbvwi †Kvm©) Gi wm‡jevm

M. A. Degree in Islamic Studies. M.A. Preliminary Examination in Islamic Studies, 1930.
wk‡ivbv‡g wcÖwjwgbvwi gv÷vm© †Kvm© 1930 wkÿvel© †_‡K Pvjy nq| Gg.G 4wU MÖæ‡c wef³ wQ‡jv| Zb¥‡a¨
Group A.- Tafsir and Hadith.cvV¨mywP wZbwU cv‡V wef³ wQ‡jv| Zb¥‡a¨ Paper I.- Quran Tafsir and
Hadith. wk‡ivbv‡g (Paper I.-Hadith and Usulul-Hadith.) 1g c‡Îi AšÍf©y³ nv`xm I Dm~jyj nv`xm
cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci G avivevwnKZvq 1955 mvj ch©šÍ Pvjy _v‡K| 1956
mv‡j wm‡jev‡m cwieZ©b Av‡m| cvV-1 wk‡ivbv‡g Paper I.- Hadith and Usulul Hadith. †Kv‡m©i
cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e ÒAvj-RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ Gi ïiæ †_‡K wKZveym mvjvZ I wKZveyk kvgvBj Aa¨vq
ch©šÍ Ges Bgvg Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx iwPZ ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓ Gi cÖ_g Aa©vsk wba©viY Kiv nq| Gi
avivevwnKZv 1995 mvj ch©šÍ Pvjy wQj| Z‡e †Kv‡m©i wWRvBb I b¤î e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î iè`j n‡q‡Q|63
3. we G (Abvm©) †Kv‡m©i wm‡jevm (3 eQi †gqv`x)

B. A Degree with Honours in Islamic Studies, 1932. wk‡ivbv‡g we G (m¤§vb) †Kvm© 1929-30
wkÿvel© †_‡K Pvjy nq| Zb¥‡a¨ cvV-1 wk‡ivbv‡g (Paper I.- Hadith and Usul al-Hadith.) D‡jøL¨ we G
(m¤§vb) †kÖwY‡Z nv`xm I Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi `ywU †Kvm© AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq| Gi we¯ÍvwiZ †Kvb eY©bv Lyu‡R
cvIqv hvq bv| AZtci 1934 wkÿv e‡l©i wm‡jev‡m wKQzUv cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| GLv‡b cvV-1 Gi
Aaxb Bjwg nv`x‡mi wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) cÖYxZ ÒAvj-RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ Gi ïiæ
†_‡K wKZveym mvjv‡Zi †kl ch©šÍ Ges gvIjvbv †gvbvIqvi Avjx iwPZ Ò Dm~j-B-nv`xmÓ cvV¨ wn‡m‡e
wba©viY Kiv nq| we.G m¤§vb 1935-36 wkÿvel© †_‡K 1975-76 wkÿvel© ch©šÍ cvV¨m~wP‡Z Bjwg
nv`x‡mi wm‡jev‡m †Zgb †Kvb cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq bv|
AZtci 1977-78 wkÿvel© †_‡K we G m¤§vb wZb eQi †gq`x †Kvm© wn‡m‡e Pvjy nq| cvV¨mywP‡ZI
wKQyUv cwieZ©b Av‡m| †hgb: †Kvm©-303 Avj-nv`xm; ÒAvj-RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ Gi AveIqveyj eyqyÔ
Gi ïiæ †_‡K wKZveyj û`y` Gi †kl ch©šÍ; Ges †Kvm©-304 Dm~jyj nv`xm wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
62 XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †Mvcbxq kvLv †_‡K cÖvß bw_ †_‡K msM„nxZ|

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3rd year B.A. (Hons.) Course Final Examination, 1981

Paper V.-Al-Hadith and usul al-Hadith 100 marks
Course 303 Al-Hadith Tirmidhi: Al-Jami: Abwab al Salat
Course 304 Tirmidhi: kitab Shamailun Nabi; Ibn Hajar: Nukhbat al-Fikar.
wKš‧ 1980-81 wkÿv e‡l©i we G (m¤§vb) 3q e‡l©i wm‡jev‡m Paper V.-Al-Hadith and usul al-Hadith
G wk‡ivbv‡g †Kvm©-303 Avj-nv`xm; ÒAvj-RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ Gi AveIqveym mvjvZ; Ges †Kvm©-
304 ÒAvj-RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghxÓ Gi wKZvey kvgBjyb bex; Avi Dm~jyj nv`xm: Beb nvRvi iwPZ
ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓ MÖšwU wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3rd year B. A. (Hons) course Final Examination- 1985

Paper V:Al-Hadith and usul al-Hadith & Tarikh al-Hadith. 100 marks
Course 303 Al-Hadith 50 marks
Course 304 (A) Usul al-Hadith 25 marks
(B) Tarikh al-Hadith 25 marks
1984-85 wkÿv e‡l©i we G (m¤§vb) 3q e‡l©i wm‡jev‡m Paper V.-Al-Hadith and usul al-Hadith G
wk‡ivbv‡g 100 b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvm©-303 Avj-nv`x‡mi Rb¨ 50 b¤î Ges †Kvm©-304 K) Dm~jyj nv`xm:
25b¤î I L) ZvwiL Avj-nv`xm: 25 b¤î wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ wm‡jevm I gvbe›U‡bi Av‡jv‡K
1997 mvj ch©šÍ cweÎ nv`x‡mi PP©v I g~j¨vqY Kvh©µg Pj‡Z _v‡K|64
4. Gg G dvBbvj †Kv‡m©i wm‡jevm
M. A. Final Examination in Islamic Studies, 1931 wk‡ivbv‡g `yB eQi †gqv‡` gv÷vm© dvBbvj
†Kvm© 1929-30 wkÿvel© †_‡K Pvjy nq| Zb¥‡a¨ MÖæc-G GROUP A.-TAFSIR AND HADITH.Gi
Aaxb cvV-1 wk‡ivbv‡g eyLvix kixd, (Paper I. – Bukhari Sarif.) cvV-2: gymwjg kixd (Paper II.-
Muslim Sharif,) cvV-3: mybvb Avey`vD` (Paper III.- Sunan-u Abi Daud,) GB wKZve¸‡jvi cÖ_g
Aa©vsk wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq|
M. A. Final Examination in Islamic Studies, 1933.

Group A.-Tafsir and Hadith.
Paper I.- Bukhari Sharif: Babu Bad‟il Wahy, Kitabul Imam, Kitabul Ilm, Kitabush Shufa,
Kitabul Hawala, Kitabul Kifala, Kitabul Wakala, Abwabul Harth wal Muzara‟a, Al-Musaqat,
Babu Alamat in Bubuwwa, Kitabul Ahkam and Kitabur Radd alal Juhamiyya.
Paper II.-Muslim Sharif: Kitabu Faza‟il al-Quran, Kitabun Nikah, Kitabul Talaq, Kitabul
Li‟an, Kitabul Itq, Kitabul Buyu‟, Kitabul Ijara, Kitabul Fazail, Kitabul Hudud and Kitabut
Tafsir.
Paper III.- Sunan Abi Daud: first volume from Kitabuz Zakat to the end.
AZtci 1933 wkÿve‡l©i wm‡jev‡m wKQzUv cwieZ©b, cwigvR©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| c~‡e© wba©vwiZ nv`x‡mi
wKZve¸‡jv G wkÿve‡l©I envj ivLv n‡q‡Q; Z‡e G †ÿ‡Î Aa¨vq¸‡jv‡K mywbw`©ó K‡i †Ìqv n‡q‡Q
gvÎ| 1939 mvj ch©šÍ G wm‡jevm Pvjy wQj|
M. A. Degree in Islamic Studies, 1939

Course A
Paper I.-Hadith
1. Bukhari: Sahih- Bab Bad al-Wahy, Kitab al-Imam, Kitab al-Ambiya, Bab Alamat al-
Nubuwwah and Kitab al-i‟tisam.
2. Muslim: Sahih- Kitab al-Jihad waI-Siyar, Kitab al-Adab, Kitab al-Fada‟il.
64 cÖv¸³
252
Paper II.-Hadith.
1. Abu Dawud: Sunan-Kitab al-Zakat, Kitab al-Saum, Kitab al-Hajj, Kitab al-Nikah.
2. Tahawi: Sharh- Ma‟ani al-Athar, Kitab al-Buyu, Kitab al-Hiba wa al-Sadaqah, Kitab al-
Ziyadat, Kitab al-Ijarah.
AZtci 1939-40 wkÿve‡l©i gv÷vm© G †Kv‡m©i wm‡jev‡m Avev‡iv wKQzUv iè`j jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| c~‡e©
wba©vwiZ nv`x‡mi wKZve¸‡jv G wkÿve‡l©I envj ivLv n‡q‡Q; wKš‧ 1g c‡Îi Aaxb: mnxn eyLvix I
gymwjg Ges 2q c‡Îi g‡a¨ mybvb Avey `vD` I bZzb fv‡e Bgvg Z¡vnvexi Òkiû gvÔwbj AvmviÓ‡K
AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Aa¨vq web¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î c~ev©‡cÿv welqe¯‧ Kwg‡q mycwiKwíZfv‡e mywbw`©ó K‡i
†`qv n‡q‡Q| GB DËg web¨v‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i 1990 mvj ch©šÍ G wm‡jevm Pvjy wQj| Z‡e my`xN©
MwZc‡_ gv‡Sg‡a¨ gvbe›Ub, †Kvm© wWRvBb I welqe¯‧ Pq‡b mvgvb¨ wKQz cwigvR©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq; wKš‧
†g․wjKfv‡e eo †Kvb cwieZ©b `„wó‡MvPi nqwb|65
1. we G (Abvm©) †Kv‡m©i wm‡jevm (4 eQi †gqv`x)
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kjv Abyl`f~³ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM 1980 mv‡j m¦Zš¿ wefvM wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf
K‡i| cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K G wefv‡M wZb eQ‡ii Abvm© Ges `yB eQ‡ii gv÷vm© †Kvm© Pvjy i‡q‡Q| AZtci
1997-1998 wkÿvel© †_‡K Pvi eQi †gqv`x Abvm© Ges GK eQi †gqv`x gv÷vm© †Kvm© Pvjy nq|
Department of Islamic Studies
Session 1997-98 to 2001-2002
B.A. (Hons.) Course Examination, 2001 to 2005, Total Marks- 2000
Course 205: Sayings of The Holy Prophet in our Practical life
Course 401: Principles and History of Hadith Literature
Course 402 : Study of Hadith; Course 403 : Study of Hadith
1997-98 wkÿvel© †_‡K we G (m¤§vb) Pvi eQi †gqv`x †Kvm© wn‡m‡e Pvjy nq| G‡Z c~e©v‡cÿv A‡bK
†ekx Bjwg nv`x‡mi †Kvm© AšÍ©f~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb: we G m¤§vb 2q e‡l© Course 205 Sayings of The
Holy Prophet in our Practical life wk‡ivbv‡g Òwiqv`ym mvwjnxbÓ bvgK cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš †_‡K
evQvBK„Z ev¯Íe Rxe‡b eëüZ bex (mv.) evYx D³ †Kv‡m©i AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
we G m¤§vb 4_© e‡l© Av‡iv wZbwU nv`xm †Kvm©‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v: Course 401 Principles and
History of Hadith Literature wk‡ivbv‡g †Kv‡m©-401: Gi g‡a¨ nv`xm kv‡¯¿i (Dm~jyj ) g~jbxwZ I
BwZnvm Av‡jvwPZ nq| nv`xm: Course 402 Study of Hadith wk‡ivbv‡g wgkKvZzj gvmvexn †_‡K cvuPwU
Aa¨vq wba©viY Kiv nq| Ges Course 403 Study of Hadith wk‡ivbv‡g wmnvn wmËvn wbe©vwPZ wKQz Aa¨vq
cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv nq| Gi avivevwnKZvq 2001-2002 wkÿv el© †_‡K 2005-2006 wkÿv el©
ch©šÍ wm‡jev‡mi welqe¯‧ GKB; Z‡e A‡bKUv myweb¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2001-2002 †_‡K 2005-2006 wLª.)66
Course Course Title. Prescribed Books Chapters
No.
205 Saying of the Holy Imam Mohyiuddin Iyahya al 4, 6, 10, 23, 26, 59, 276, 277 &
Prohet in Our Nabawi : Riyadus Salihin, 327
Practical Life (Vol.1,2,3 & 4)
65 cÖv¸³
66 Department of Islamic Studies, University of Dhaka, Syllabus for the B.A Honours programme, Session 2001-
2002 to 2005-2006
253
401 Principles and Ibn Hajar: Nukhbah al-Fikar. i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix &
History of Hadith x
Literature
Study of Hadith WaliAl-DinMuhammad: Kitab Al-Iman, Salat, Hajj,
402 Mishkat Al-Masabih. Zakat, Sawm
Study of Hadith Sihah Sittah Muamalat : Al-Buyu, Ayman,
403 faraid, Hibat, Wasiyya.
Jinayat: Qiasas, Diyat, Hudud
& Tazir.
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2001-2002 †_‡K 2005-2006 mv‡ji wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h,
†gvU 36wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 04wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 205: (Saying of the Holy Prophet in
Our Practical Life) Avgv‡ì ev¯Íe Rxeb m¤ú‡K© bex (mv.) Gi evYx wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg gynxDÏxb BqvBqvn
Avb-beex (in.) msKwjZ Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ Gi 360wU cwi‡”Q‡ì ga¨ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ gvÎ 10 wU
cwi‡”Q` cwVZ nq| 401: (Principles and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Beb nvRvi
Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) iwPZ ÔbyLevZzj wdKviÕ †_‡K (Principles of Hadith Literature) nv`xm kv‡¯¿i
g~jbxwZ m¤ú‡K© 10 wU Aa¨vq Ges (History of Hadith Literature) nv`xm msKj‡bi I msiÿ‡Yi
BwZnvm; G c‡e© bex (mv.) Gi hyM †_‡K beg kZvãx ch©šÍ we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvnmn G mgqKv‡j
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš-MÖšKvi I KwZcq cÖwm× nv`xm eY©bvKvixi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© cwVZ nq|
402:(Study of Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL Iqvjx DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ Gi wKZveyj
Cgvb, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ I n¾ 05 wU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 403: (Study of Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g wmnvn
wmËvn †_‡K wKZveyj eyqyÔ, AvBgvb, dvivB`, wnevn, Iqvwmqvn, wKqvm, w`qvZ, û`y` I ZvÔhxi GB
wbe©vwPZ welq¸‡jv cwVZ nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, 2006 mvj †_‡K G wefv‡M Pvjy nq †mwg÷vi wm‡÷‡g cvV`vb
I cixÿv MÖnY| d‡j wm‡jev‡mI Av‡m Avg~j cwieZ©b|
Cours Course Prescribed Books Chapters
e No. Title.
204 Sunnah in Imam Mohyiuddin Iyahya Part - A : 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 23
Pratical Life alNabawi:RiyadusSalihin, Part –B : 26, 59, 276, 277, 279, 280, 327
(Vol.1,2,3 & 4)
401 Study of *Wali Al-Din Muhammad:Part -A : Kitab -al-Iman, Salat, Sawm,
Hadith Mishkat Al-Masabih. Zakat & Hajj
* Sihah Sittah Part-B: Muamalat: Al-Buyu, Ayman,
faraid, Hiba, Wasiyya. Jinayat: Qiasas,
Diyat, Hudud & Tazir.
Principles & Ibn Hajar : Nukhbah al- Part-A : i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix & x
405 History of Fikar. Part-B : A detailed history of preserving
Hadith and compiling of Hadith upto 9th century
Literature of A.H
ZvB †mwg÷vi c×wZ‡Z Pvjy nIqv we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2006-2007 †_‡K 2013-2014wLª.wm‡jevm
ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 28wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ gvÎ 03wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv
204: (Sunnah in Pratical Life) Ôev¯Íe Rxe‡b bex (mv.) Gi mybœvZÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg gynxDÏxb BqvBqvn
Avb-beex (in.) msKwjZ Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ Gi 360wU cwi‡”Q‡ì ga¨ †_‡K wbe©vwPZ gvÎ 15wU
cwi‡”Q` cwVZ nq| 401: (Study of Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL Iqvjx DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj
2007 to 2013-2014
254
gvmvexnÕ Gi wKZveyj Cgvb, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ I nv¾ 05 wU Aa¨vq Ges wmnvn wmËvn †_‡K
wKZveyj eyqyÔ, AvBgvb, dvivB`, wnevn, Iqvwmqvn, wKqvm, w`qvZ, û`y` I ZvÔhxi GB wbe©vwPZ
Aa¨vq¸‡jv cwVZ nq| 405: (Principles and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Beb
nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) iwPZ ÔbyLevZzj wdKviÕ †_‡K (Principles of Hadith Literature) nv`xm
kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ m¤ú‡K© 10wU Aa¨vq Ges (History of Hadith Literature) nv`xm msKjb I msiÿ‡Yi
BwZnvm; G c‡e© bex (mv.) Gi hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i beg kZvãx ch©šÍ; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvnmn ZrKvjxb
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš-MÖšKvi I KwZcq cÖwm× nv`xm eY©bvKvixi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© cwVZ nq|
Course Course Prescribed Books Chapters
No. Title.
204 Sunnah in ImamMohyiuddin Iyahya Part - A : 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 23
Pratical Life alNabawi:Riyadus Part –B : 26, 59, 276, 277, 279, 280, 327
Salihin,(Vol.1,2,3 & 4)
401 Study of *WaliAl-Din Part -A : Kitab –al-Iman, Salat, Sawm,
Hadith Muhammad:Mishkat Al- Zakat, Hajj
Masabih. Part- B : Muamalat : Al-Buyu Ayman,
* Sihah Sittah faraid Hibat Wasiyya. Jinayat: Qiasas
Diyat Hudud & Tazir.
Principles Ibn Hajar : Nukhbah al- Part-A : i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix & x
405 and History Fikar Part-B : A d detailed history of
of Hadith preserving and compiling of Hadith upto
Literature 9th century of A.H
AZtci †`Lv hvq, 2014-2015 wkÿve‡l© Avevi wm‡jevm cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b Kiv nq; wKš‧ G ‡ÿ‡ÎI
nv`xm PPv©i fv‡M¨ †Kvb cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| eis c~‡e©i cvV¨m~Px AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| G m¦í msL¨K †Kvm©
Ges wba©vwiZ wKQz cvV cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq LyeB Kg; hv GKRb wkÿv_x©i Rb¨ Bmjv‡gi c~Y©v½ iƒc
Abyave‡bi †ÿ‡Î AcÖZzj|
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
(Gg. G wkÿvel© 2001-2002 †_‡K 2005-2006 wLª.)69
Course Course Title Prescribed Books Chapters
No.
501 Al-Hadith Al-Sahih Al-Bukhari
Bab al-Wahy, Kitab al Hajj & Kitab al
Riqaq.
502 Al-Hadith Al-Sahih Muslim Kitab al-Iman, al-Jihad, al-Adab, al-Fadail.
503 Al-Hadith Sunan Abu Dawud Kitab al-Sawm & al-Zakat
504 Al-Hadith Al-Tahawi : Sharh Kitab al-Buyu‟, Kitab al-Hiba, al-Sadaqa &
Ma‟ani al-Athar al-Ziyadat
508(A) Tarikh Al- Muhammad Abd-al- Recording of Hadith, Particularly the six
Hadith Aziz al-Khawii : sahih hadith books & Biographics of the
Miftah al-Sunnah scholars of hadith & their contributions
2015 to 2018-2019
69 Department of Islamic Studies, University of Dhaka, Syllabus for the M.A programme, Session 2001-2002 to
2005-2006
255
2000 mvj †_‡K GK eQi †gqv`x gv÷vm© †Kvm© Pvjy nq| G gv÷vm© †Kv‡m© i‡q‡Q `yÕwU MÖæc h_v: G I we
MÖæc| D‡jøL¨, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M gvìvmv I †Rbv‡ij Dfq wkÿveë¯vi wkÿv_x©ivB fwZ© nIqvi
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î AMÖvwaKvi †`qv nq ÒGÓ MÖæ‡c; hviv Bjwg nv`x‡m cvwÐZ¨ AR©b Ki‡Z
AvMÖnx Zviv G MÖæ‡c fwZ© nq| Avi mvaviYZ: †Rbv‡ij wkÿv_x©iv‡ì Rb¨ ÒweÓ MÖæc| Gg.G (G-we MÖæc)
†kÖwY‡Z nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v Kx cwigv‡Y nq Zv ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì cvV¨m~Px ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB
Gg. G 2001-2002 †_‡K 2005-2006wLª.wkÿve‡l©i wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 09wU
†Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 05wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 501 : (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn
gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj Inx, wKZveyj n¾ I
wKZveyi wiKvK (AšÍi weMwjZ nIqv); †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 502 : (Al-
Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-Kzkvqix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K wKZveyj
Bjg, wKZveyj wRnv` Iqvm wmqvi, wKZveyj Av`ve I wKZveyj dv`vwqj †gvU 04wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ
e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 503 : (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby Avex `vD`Õ
†_‡K wKZveym mvIg I wKZveyh hvKvZ, †gvU 02wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 504 : (Al-
Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Z¡vnvex (in.) msKwjZ Ôkiû gvÔAvwbj AvmviÕ †_‡K wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyj wnevn
Iqvm mv`vKvn Ges wKZveyj whbvqvZ, †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 508 : (Tarikh Al-
Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm msKjb I msiÿ‡Yi BwZnvm Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q; G c‡e© bex (mv.) Gi hyM †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i Aóg kZvãx ch©šÍ; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn mn G mgqKv‡j D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš-MÖšKvi I
KwZcq cÖwm× nv`xm eY©bvKvix †hgb: gvwjK web Avbvm, Avngv` web nv¤^j (in) Gi Rxebx Ges nv`xm
kv¯¿ PP©vq fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Avwjg‡ì Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
AZtci 2006 mvj †_‡K G wefv‡M Pvjy nq †mwg÷vi c×wZ‡Z cvV`vb I cixÿv MÖnY ïiæ nq| d‡j
wm‡jev‡mI Av‡m Avg~j cwieZ©b|
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2006-2007 †_‡K 2013-2014 wLª.70

No.
ISM 502 Study of Al- *ImamAl Bukhari : Al- Part-A : Bab al-Wahy, Kitab al Magzi & Kitab
& Group- Hadith Sahih Al Bukhari al Riqaq.
B (ISM * Imam Muslim : Al- Part-B : Kitab al-Iman, al-Imarat & al-zuhd.
506) Sahih Muslim
ISM 503 Study of Al- * Imam Al Tirmidhi : Part-A : Abwab al-Taharat, al-Ilm & Manaqib
Hadith Jam’i al-Tirmidhi
* Imam Al- Nasayi : Part-B : Kitab al-Salat, Manasik, al-Hajj &
Sunan al-Nasayi Adab al-Qada
ISM 507 Study of Al- * Imam Abu Dawud : Part-A : Kitab al-Sawm & al-Zakat
Hadith Sunan Abu Dawud
* Imam Al-Tahawi : Part-B : Kitab al-Buyu‟, Kitab al-Hiba, al-
Sarh Ma’anil Athar Sadaqa & al-Ziyadat
ISM 508 Study of Al- * Imam Malik: Al- Part-A : Kitab al-Nuzur wal Aiman, al-Nikah,
Hadith Muatta al-Talaq, al Shuf‟a & Kitab al- Jami`
* Imam Ibn Majah : Part-B : Kitab al-Luqta, al-Hudud, al-Diyat &
Sunan Ibn Majah al-Fitan
70 Department of Islamic Studies, University of Dhaka, Syllabus for the M.A programme, Session 2006-2007 to
2013-2014
256
ZvB Gg.G 2006-2007 †_‡K 2013-2014 wLª. wkÿve‡l©i wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU
09wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 05wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 502 : (Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg
Avey Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj Inx,
wKZveyj gvMvhx I wKZveyi wiKvK (AšÍi weMwjZ nIqv); †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq
Ges Bgvg gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Avj-Kzkvqix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K wKZveyj Cgvb,
wKZveyj BgvivZ I wKZveyj hyû`; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 503 : (Study of Al-
Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.) msKwjZ ÔRvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghxÕ †_‡K AveIqveyZ
ZvnvivZ, Bjg I gvbvwKe; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq Ges Bgvg bvmvC (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby bvmvCÕ †_‡K
wKZveym mvjvZ, gvbvwmK, n¾ I wKZveyj Av`ve Iqvj Kv`v; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ
nq| 507 : (Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby Avex `vD`Õ †_‡K
wKZveym mvIg I wKZveyh hvKvZ; †gvU 02wU Aa¨vq Ges Bgvg Z¡vnvex (in.) msKwjZ Ôkiû gvÔAvwbj
AvmviÕ †_‡K wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyj wnevn, wKZveym mv`vKvZ Ges wKZveyj whbvqvZ, †gvU 04wU Aa¨vq
we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 508 : (Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg gvwjK (in.) msKwjZ ÔgyqvËv
Bgvg gvwjKÕ †_‡K wKZveyb byhyi Iqvj AvBgvb, wKZveyb wbKvn, wKZveyZ ZvjvK, wKZvey ïdvÔqv I
wKZveyj RvwgÔ; †gvU 05wU Aa¨vq Ges Bgvg Beby gvRvn (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby Beb gvRvnÕ †_‡K wKZveyj
jyKZv, wKZveyj û`y`, wKZveyZ w`qvZ I wKZvey wdZvb; †gvU 04wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq|
D‡jøL¨ †h, 2006 mvj †_‡K G wefv‡M Pvjy nq †mwg÷vi c×wZ‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î G †Kv‡m© 05wU †Kvm©
wk‡ivbv‡gi cwie‡Z© 04wU n‡jI c~‡e©i PviwU nv`xmMÖšmn bZzb Av‡iv PviwUMÖš Z_v wZiwghx, bvmvC,
gyqvËv gvwjK, Beby gvRvn mn †gvU 08wU nv`xmMÖš AšÍ©f~³ Kiv nq; wKš‧ ZvwiLyj nv`xm Abv‡m©i
wm‡jev‡m _vKvq Zv ev` †`qv nq| d‡j wm‡jev‡m Av‡m Avg~j cwieZ©b Ges Zv nq AwaKZi mg„×|
AZtci †`Lv hvq, 2014 mv‡j Avevi Gg. G †kÖwYi wm‡jevm cwieZ©b I cwigvR©b Kiv nq; wKš‧ G †ÿ‡Î
nv`x‡mi G †Kvm©wU‡Z †Kvb cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvqwb; eis c~‡e©i cvV¨m~Px AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K|
Gg.wdj cÖ_g ce© †Kv‡m©i wm‡jevm
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M 1976-77 wkÿvel© †_‡K Gg.wdj †Kvm© Pvjy nq| wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv
hvq, [(Session 1976-77) Subject: Islamic Studies (Al-Hijaj and its Contributions to Hadith
Literature up to 200 A.H] 1976-77 wkÿve‡l©i Gg.wdj wm‡jev‡m nv`xm kv‡¯¿i ZË¡xq †Kv‡m©i
welqe¯‧ wQj Ônv`xm kv‡¯¿i PP©vq 200wnRix ch©šÍ wnhvR Ges Gi Ae`vbÕ| Abyiƒcfv‡e [(Session
2009-2010 to 2014-2015) Course No. 603 Al-Hadith (Principles and History of Hadith
Literature)] 2009-10 †_‡K 2014-2015 wkÿvel© ch©šÍ Gg.wdj †Kvm© bs-603 Avj-nv`xm
wk‡ivbv‡g: Ônv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ Ges BwZnvmÕ wm‡jevmf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq (ivwe)
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq e„nËg cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq| 1953 mv‡ji 31 gvP© cÖv‡`wkK
AvBb mfvq ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi Rb¨ AvBb cvm nq| AZtci cÖ‡dmi W. BZivZ †nv‡mb
Ry‡eix ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖ_g DcvPvh© wb‡qvM jvf Kivi gva¨‡g wek¦we`¨vjq AvbyôvwbK fv‡e hvÎv
ïiæ K‡i| G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awb›`¨ my›ì K¨v¤úvmwU A‡÷ªwjqvb ¯cwZ W. †mvqvwb Ugv‡mi ¯vcZ¨
cwiKíbvq M‡o I‡V| weMZ Qq `k‡K ivwe K¨v¤úv‡mi K‡jei Avi •bm¦wM©K †m․›`h© †hgb e„w× †c‡q‡Q;
Z`ªƒc cVb, cvVb I M‡elYvq DrKl© mvwaZ n‡q‡Q|71 1960 mv‡j fvlv I wefv‡Mi Aax‡b Aviex I
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM Pvjy nq| 1981-1982 wkÿvel© †_‡K Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR bv‡g G m¦Zš¿
71 W. myjZvb gvngy` ivbv, ÔBwZnvm-HwZ‡n¨ ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq,Õ •`wbK mgKvj, XvKv: 6 RyjvB 2018 wLª., c„. m¤úv`Kxq cvZv
257
wefv‡Mi hvÎv ïiæ nq| `xN© 13 eQi †h․_fv‡e Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wel‡q cvV`vb Kvh©µg
cwiPvwjZ n‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b 1995 mv‡ji 5 Rvbyqvwi, Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
`ywU m¦Zš¿ wefvM wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i|72
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 1981-1982 †_‡K 1995 wLª.
1981 mvj †_‡K 1995 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xm wel‡q cwVZ wm‡jevm cÖm‡½ eZ©gvb wefvMxq †Pqvg¨vb cÖ‡dmi
W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb e‡jb, 1995 mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ wZb eQ‡ii Abvm© I `yB eQ‡ii gv÷vm© Pvjy
wQj| ZLb Abvm© Z…Zxq e‡l© Dj~gyj nv`xm I ZvwiLyj nv`xm bv‡g GKwU †Kvm© Pvjy wQj| Zv‡Z Òmybvb
wZiwghxÓ n‡Z wKZveym mvjvZ Ges Dm~jyj nv`xm I ZvwiLyj nv`x‡mi Rb¨ ÒbyLevZzj wdKviÓ I
ÒwgdZvûm mybœvnÓ MÖšØq wm‡jevmf~³ wQj| G Qvov Gg. G †kÖwY‡Z (K) mnxn eyLvix n‡Z (Inx, gvMvhx
I wiKvK) wZbwU wKZve; (L) mnxn gymwjg n‡Z (Cgvb I nv¾) `ywU Aa¨vq; (mv.) mybvb Avex `vD` n‡Z
(wKZveym wmqvg I wRnv`) `ywU Aa¨vq; (N) kiû gvÔwbj Avmvi n‡Z (eyq~Ô I wnev, mv`vKvn, whqv`vZ)
`ywU Aa¨vq; O) ZvwiLyj nv`xm: wgdZvûm& mybœvn MÖšwU cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ wQj|73 Gi avivevwnKZvq
me© †kl wm‡jev‡mi nv`xmvs‡ki ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-
(we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022 wLª.)
Course No. Course Title. Prescribed Books Chapters
102 Al-Hadith Sunanun Nasai Kitabut Taharat & Manasik
202 Al-Hadith Sunan Ibn Mazah Kitabus Sunnah, Kitabul Atimah, Kitabul Libas,
Kitabuz Zuhd
203 Ulumul Hadith A. Taysiru Mustalahil- Part-A: Usulul Hadith
Hadith Part-B: (Ilmu Rijalil Hadith) Sahabi, Tabi, Ilmur
B. Tadribur Rawi Rijal, Ilmul Jarh wat Tadil, Rijal specilist & their
C. Nuzhatun Nazar Contribution
Part-C: Tarikhul Hadith
302 Al-Hadith Sunan At-Tirmidhi Abwabus Salah, Shamayel At-Tirmidhi
402 Al-Hadith Sunanu Abi Dawud Kitabus Sawm, Jihad & Adab
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022 wLª. wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h,
†gvU 05wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q 102: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg
bvmvC (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby bvmvCÕ †_‡K wKZveyZ Z¡nvivZ I wKZveyj gvbvwmK Aa¨vq `yÕwU cwVZ nq|
202: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby Beby gvRvnÕ †_‡K wKZveym
mybœvn, wKZveyj AvwZgv, wKZveyj wjevm I wKZveyh hyû` mn †gvU PviwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 203:
(Ulumul Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g W. gvngy` Z¡nvb iwPZ ZvBwmiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xm MÖš †_‡K Dm~jyj nv`xm
(nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ), Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Zx (in.) iwPZ Zvìxeyi ivex MÖš †_‡K wiRvjyj nv`xm
(ivex PwiZ) mvnvex I ZvÔweC, Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xj (nv`xm mgv‡jvPbv weÁvb) Ges Bjgyi wiRvj
we‡klÁMY I Zv‡ì Ae`vb Ges Beb nvRv‡ii (in.) byhnvZzb bhi †_‡K ZvwiLyj nv`xm (nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm) Aa¨vq¸‡jv cwVZ nq| 302: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey Cmv AvZ-
wZiwghx (in.) msKwjZ ÔRvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghxÕ †_‡K AveIqveym mvjvZ I kvgvBjyZ wZiwghx Aa¨vq `yÕwU
cwVZ nq | 402: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg bvmvC (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvby bvmvCÕ †_‡K
wKZveym mvIg, wKZveyj wRnv` I wKZveyj Av`vemn †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq|74
72 wefvMxq wkÿK gÐjx, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM : BwZnvm I HwZn¨, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq , Zv.we, c„. 4-5 (we.`ª.)
73 M‡elK 25.03.2021 Zvwi‡L cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingv‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
74 Syllabus for the B.A. Honours, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Rajshahi, PP.14,
23,24, 34 &42
258
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022 wLª.

No.
501 Al-Hadith Al-Jamius Sahih Badul Wahi, Kitabul Magazi, Kitabur Riqaq
502 Al-Hadith As-Sahih Li Muslim Kitabul Iman, Fadailus Sahabah, Kitabul Adahi,
kitabul Fitan
503 Fiqhul Hadith Sharhu Manil Athar Kitabul Buyu, Kitabul Hibah was-sadaqah, Kitabul
Jiyadat.
505 Studies in the Al Hadith Wal Methodology of traditionalists regarding the
Methodology Muhaddithun selection of Al-Hadith During the 1st- 7th Century of
of Eminent Hizra.
Muhaddiths
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022wLª.wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 05wU
nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q 501: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.)
msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj Iqvnx, wKZveyj gvMvhx I wKZveyi wiKvKmn †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq
cwVZ nq| 502: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg gymwjg (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K
wKZveyj Cgvb, wKZveyj dv`vBjym mvnvev, wKZveyj Av`vnx I wKZveyj wdZvb mn †gvU PviwU Aa¨vq
cwVZ nq| 503: (Fiqhul Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Z¡nvex (in.) iwPZ kiû gvÔAvwbj Avmvi MÖš †_‡K
wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyj wnevn Iqvm mv`vKvZ I wKZveyj whqv`vZmn †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 505:
(Studies in the Methodology of Eminent Muhaddiths) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g 1. wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z
HwZnëvnx nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi nv`xm hvPvB evQvB KiY c×wZ; 2. wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z cÖwm× nv`xm
wekvi`M‡Yi nv`xm hvQvB evQvB KiY c×wZ Ges G hy‡Mi cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi Rxeb Ges Zv‡ì
Ae`vb; 3. gymbv` nv`xm MÖšmg~n msKj‡bi j‡ÿ¨ M„nxZ †g․wjK bxwZgvjv Ges D³ MÖšmg~‡ni mvaviY
Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb; 4. Avj-RvwgÔ, Avm-mybvb, Avj-AveIqve, Avj-gyÔRvg msKjb c×wZ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv; 5. wnRix 3q, 4_©, 5g, 6ô I 7g kZvãxi gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm msKj‡bi g~jbxwZ; we‡klZ:
wmnvn wmËvn cÖ‡YZvM‡Yi nv`xm msKj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ M„nxZ c×wZ I bxwZgvjv; 6. AvaywbK hy‡M nv`xm
msKjb c×wZ Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v wel‡q cwVZ nq|75 D‡jøL¨ †h, Gg.G †kÖwYi 505 bs †Kvm©wU
mKj wek¦we`¨vj‡q PwP©Z Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi †ÿ‡Î wKQzUv e¨Zxµgagx©| G‡Z Dj~gyj nv`xm wel‡qi myk„•Lj
web¨vm, Dm~jj nv`xm I nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnv‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj w`‡Ki mgš^q jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
3. PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq (Pwe)

PÆMÖv‡gi nvUnvRvix Dc‡Rjvq 2100 GKi cvnvox I mgZj f~wgi Dci PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq Aew¯Z|
1966 mv‡ji 28 b‡f¤î cÖ‡dmi AvwRRyi ingvb gwjøK‡K DcvPvh© wb‡qvM `v‡bi gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| GwU evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwôZ wek¦we`¨vjqmg~‡ni avivevwnKZvq Z…Zxq
Ges AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K me©e„nr wek¦we`¨vjq| PÆMÖv‡gi cvnvox GjvKvq Aew¯Z nIqvq G
wek¦we`¨vjqwU‡K cÖvK…wZK †m․›`‡h©ï Avavi ejv nq| 1974 mv‡j cÖvP¨fvlv wefv‡Mi Aaxb Aviex I
dvm©x wefvM Pvjy nq| 1977 mv‡j Aviex I dvm©x wefvM cÖvP¨fvlv †_‡K c„_K n‡q hvq| Ae‡k‡l 1995
mv‡j Aviex I dvm©x wefv‡Mi Aaxb BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM Pvjy nq Ges Gi bZzb bvg ÔAviex I
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvMÕ wn‡m‡e bvgKiY Kiv nq|76
75 Syllabus for the M.A. Program, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Rajshahi, P.10
76 cÖwZ‡e`KPÆMÖvg,Ô‡M․i‡ei 50 eQiÕ, •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, XvKv: 18 b‡f¤î 2016wLª.; https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki ›;
Awdm †iKW©, ÔAviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq|
259
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2015-2016 †_‡K 2016-2017 wLª.
No.
BIS-102 Al-Hadith * Mishkatul Masabiah Part-A: (i) Kitabuz-Zakat, (ii) Kitabuz Siyam
* Mishkatul-Masabiah Part-B: (i) Kitabul-Adab & Kitabur-Riqap (ii)
Hifzul Hadith: An-Nababi, Kitab Al-Arabayin
BIS-202 Al-Hadith * Al-jami At-Tirmidhi Part-A: Abwab us-Salat,Abwabul Ahkam,
* Tysiru Mustalihil Hadith Abwabul-Jihad
BIS-302 Al-Hadith * Sunan Abu Dawud Part-A: Kitabut Tahara, Kitabus Sunnah
* Ibnu Majah Part-B: Muqaddama,kitabul-Libas,Kitabul Fitan
BIS-402 Al-Hadith * Al-Jami al-Sahih Al- Part-A: Babu Kayfa Kana Badul Wahy, Kitabul
Bukhari Itisam, Kitabul Tawhid
* Sahih Muslim Part-B: Muqaddimah, Kitabu-Iman
BIS-404 Ulumul Hadith -------------------- Defination of Hadith, Origin &
Development,Classifications, History of Hadith
preservation etc.
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© 2015-2016 †_‡K 2016-2017wLª.wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU
34wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 04wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 102: (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL Iqvjx
DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ †_‡K wKZveyh hvKvZ I wmqvg; wKZveyj Av`ve I wiKvK mn
†gvU 04 wU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| GQvovI wndRyj nv`xm Z_v nv`xm gyL¯ Ki‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ Bgvg beex (in)
iwPZ ÒwKZveyj AvievCbÓ ev Pwjøk nv`xmMÖšwU‡K wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 202: (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg
wZiwghx (in.) iwPZ ÔAvj-RvwgÔAvZ-wZiwghxÕ †_‡K AveIqveym mvjvZ, AveIqveyj AvnKvg, AveIqveyj
wRnv`; Ges W. gvngy` Z¡nvb iwPZ ÔZvBwmiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xmÕ MÖš †_‡K nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ Aa¨q‡bi
Rb¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q; Z‡e mywbw`©ó cvV wb‡`©k Kiv nqwb| 302:(Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey
`vD` (in.) iwPZ Ômybvby Avex `vD`Õ †_‡K wKZveyZ Z¡vnvivZ, wKZveym mybœvn Ges Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.)
iwPZ Ômybvby Beby gvRvnÕ †_‡K Avj-gyKvÏvgv, wKZveyj wjevm I wKZveyj wdZvbmn †gvU 05 wU Aa¨vq
cwVZ nq| 402: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj
Iqvnx, wKZveyj BÔwZmvg I wKZveyZ ZvInx`; Ges Bgvg gymwjg iwPZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ Gi gyKvÏvgv
(f~wgKv) I wKZveyZ ZvInx` mn †gvU 05wU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| GQvovI 404: (Ulumul Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g
Bjwg nv`x‡mi msÁv, DrcwË I µgweKvk, nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, bex-mvnvevM‡Yi hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I
msKjb, Bjgyi wiRvj (ivex PwiZ kv¯¿), Rviû IqvZ ZvÔ`xj, ivex‡ì ¯Íi, nv`xm MÖšmg~‡ni ¯Íi, cÖwm×
nv`xmMÖš Ges fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm kv¯¿ wel‡q wkÿv `vb Kiv nq|77
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022 wLª.
No.
503 Al-Hadith Al-Jamius Sahih Kitabul Magazi, Kitabur
Manakib, kitabut Tafsir.
504 Al-Hadith(ii) An-Nasayi & Kitabul Manasik, Kitabul Talak,
SharhuManilAthar Kitabul Buyu
506 Authority of Hadith & Many Books Hujjiatul-hadith & Usulu Naqdil
Methodology of its criticism. Hadith.
77 Syllabus for B.A.(Hons), Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts & Humanitiesh, University of
Chittagong, PP.65-67
260
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2018-2019 †_‡K 2021-2022wLª.wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 10wU
†Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 03wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q 503: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g
Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K wKZveyj gvMvhx, wKZeyj gvbvwKe I wKZveyZ
Zvdmxi; †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 504: (Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg bvmvC (in.) msKwjZ
Ômybvbyb bvmvCÕ †_‡K wKZveyj gvbvwmK I Bgvg Z¡nvex (in.) iwPZ kiû gvÔAvwbj Avmvi MÖš †_‡K
wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyZ ZvjvK; †gvU `yÕwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 506: (Authority of Hadith &
Methodology of its criticism) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv, Bmjvgx kixq‡Z nv`x‡mi Ae¯vb,
nv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i Ag~jK m‡›`‡ni Ac‡bv`b, nv`xm mgv‡jvPbvi g~jbxwZ: 1. wiIqv‡qZzj nv`xm I
wìv‡qZzj nv`xm; 2. Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xj; 3. Bjgyi wiRvj; 4. Rvjnv`xm; 5. nv`xm ZvLwiR
KiY c×wZ; 6. mb` mgv‡jvPbv c×wZ; 7. gZb mgv‡jvPbv c×wZ; 8. nv`x‡mi MÖšmg~‡ni ¯Íi web¨vm
wel‡q cwVZ nq|78
4. Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq (Bwe)
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi `vex eû cyi‡bv| me©cÖ_g 1920 mv‡j gvIjvbv gwbiæ¾vgvb Bmjvgvev`x
PÆMÖv‡gi cwUqvq gymwjg wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨ dvÛ MVb K‡ib| 1935 mv‡j gvIjvbv kIKZ
Avwj gymwjg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wfwËcÖ¯iÍ ¯vcb K‡ib| 1941 mv‡j gvIjv e· KwgwU ÔBDwbfvwm©wU Ae
BmjvwgK jvwb©sÕ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i| 1946-47 mv‡j •mq` †gvqv‡¾g DÏxb KwgwU Ges 1949
mv‡j gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvKivg Luv KwgwU Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi Rb¨ mycvwik K‡i| 1963 mv‡ji
31 †g W. Gm. Gg. †nvmvBb Gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ ÔBmjvgx Aviex wek¦we`¨vjq KwgkbÕ MVb Kiv nq|
¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`k miKvi 1 wW‡m¤î 1976 mv‡j Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi †NvlYv †`q| 1977
mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvwi cÖ‡dmi Gg.G. evix‡K mfvcwZ K‡i 7 m`m¨ wewkó Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq cwiKíbv
KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| KwgwU 20 A‡±vei 1977 wi‡cvU© †ck K‡i| KwgwUi mycvwi‡k w_IjwR GÛ
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR Abyl‡ì Aaxb (1) Avj-KziAvb Iqv Dj~gyj KziAvb, (2) Dj~gyZ ZvInx` Iqv`
`vÔIqvn, (3) Avj nv`xm Iqv Dj~gyj nv`xm, (4) Avk-kixqvn Iqv Dm~jym kixqvn, Ges (5) Avj dvj
mvdvn IqvZ ZvmvDd Iqvj AvLjvK wefvM, G QvovI gvbweK I mgvRweÁvb Abyl`, evwYR¨ I weÁvb
Abyl`f~³ Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq|
31 gvP©-8 GwcÖj 1977 mv‡j g°vq I AvB wm Gi D‡`¨v‡M AbywôZ gymwjg we‡k¦i ivóªcÖavb I miKvi
cÖavb‡ì GK m‡¤§j‡b wewfbœ gymwjg iv‡óª Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvi mycvwik Kiv nq| GB mycvwi‡ki
wfwË‡Z 22 b‡f¤î 1979 mv‡j Kzwóqv kni †_‡K 24 wK‡jvwgUvi `wÿ‡Y wSbvB`n kni †_‡K 22
wK‡jvwgUvi DË‡i Kzwóqv-wSbvB`n gnvmo‡Ki cv‡k kvwšÍWv½v-`yjvjcyi bvgK ¯v‡b 175 GKii Rwg‡Z
ivóªcwZ wRqvDi ingvb Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯vcb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1982 mv‡j †cÖwm‡W›U
û‡mBb gynv¤§` Gikv` XvKvi A`~‡i MvRxcy‡i (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq Gi K¨v¤úvm) bZzbfv‡e
G Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjqwUi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1986 mv‡ji 28 Ryb GKv‡WwgKfv‡e c_Pjv ïiæ nq|
Avevi 1989 mv‡j ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y G wek¦we`¨vjqwU c~‡e©i (Kzwóqv I wSbvB`vn †Rjvi gaëZx©) RvqMvq
¯vbvšÍi Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq nj Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq| wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q GwU‡KB †`‡ki Ab¨Zg Bmjvgx we`¨vcxV g‡bKiv nq| eZ©gv‡b 8wU
Abyl‡ì Aax‡b 34wU wefvM Pvjy i‡q‡Q|79 Zb¥‡a¨ wZbwU wefvM Z_v 1. Avj-KziAvb A¨vÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefvM (1985); 2. `vIqvn A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM (1985); 3. Avj-nv`xm A¨vÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefvM (1991) Òw_IjRx A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR Abyl` (1995)Ó Gi AšÍf©y³|
78 Syllabus for the M.A. Program, Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Arts & Humanitiesh, University of
Chittagong, PP.3-4
79 cÖ‡dmi W. Av. e. g. mvBdzj Bmjvg wmÏxKx, cÖv¸³, c„. 14-28 (we.`ª.)
261
Avj-nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi nv`xm welqK wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv

1991-92 wkÿvel© †_‡K Bwe‡Z Avj-nv`xm A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| G wefvM
†_‡K B‡Zvg‡a¨ 18wU e¨v‡Pi 967 Rb wkÿv_x© ¯œvZ‡KvËi, 91 Rb Gg.wdj I 38 Rb wc GBP. wW wWwMÖ
jvf K‡ib|80 eZ©gvb M‡elYv mswkøó Avj-nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi nv`xmvs‡ki
ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
1991-92 wkÿve‡l©i Avj-nv`xm A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi cÖ_g e¨v‡Pi †gavex QvÎ Ges eZ©gvb
wefvMxq †Pqvg¨vb cÖ‡dmi W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb Zvi wefv‡M cwVZ wm‡jevm cÖm‡½ e‡jb, 1992 mvj
†_‡K †h mKj †Kvm© eZ©gvb ch©šÍ cwVZ Avm‡Q Zv n‡”Q- we.G Abvm© cÖ_g e‡l©- 111 bs †Kvm© :
gymZvjvûj nv`xm; G †Kv‡m© Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwifvlv wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ nq| 113 bs †Kvm© : Avm-
mxivZyb beweq¨v wgbvj nv`xm; G‡Z nv`xm †_‡K bex (mv.) Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ cov‡bv nq| 122 bs †Kvm© :
Dj~gyj nv`xm (1g cÎ); G‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
we.G Abvm© wØZxq e‡l©- 211 bs †Kvm© : mybvb bvmvC wZKveyZ Z¡nvivZ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cieZx© bqwU
Aa¨vq AwaZ nq| Ges 222 bs †Kvm© : Dj~gyj nv`xm (2q cÎ); G‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm wØZxq
cv‡Vi Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gi mv‡_ RvwgÔ wZiwghxi •ewkó¨, nv`xm MÖn‡Yi kZ©vejx, Bgvg wZiwghxi
Rxebe„ËvšÍ wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
we.G Abvm© Z…Zxq el© cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i - 311 bs †Kvm© : mnxûj eyLvix (1g cÎ); 312 bs †Kvm© : mnxn
gymwjg (1g cÎ); 313 bs †Kvm© : mybvby Beb gvRvn I gymZvìvK Avj-nv‡Kg; 314 bs †Kvm© : Dj~gyj
nv`xm (3q cÎ); G‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm Z…Zxq cv‡Vi Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| we.G Abvm© Z…Zxq el©
wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i- 321 bs †Kvm© : mnxn gymwjg (AvnKvgyj nv`xm); G †Kv‡m© weavb msµvšÍ nv`xm
Abykxj Kiv‡bv nq| 322 bs †Kvm© : fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`x‡mi BwZnvm cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv ¯vb cvq| 323 bs †Kvm© : gvbnvRyj gynvwÏmxb wk‡ivbv‡gi †Kv‡m© nv`x‡mi ï×vïw×
ch©v‡jvPbvq gynvwÏmM‡Yi Abym„Z ixwZ I c×wZ Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi nv`xm MÖš (gymbv`, gyÔRvg, wmnvn,
mybvb BZ¨vw`) iPbv I msKj‡b Zv‡ì D™¢vweZ bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ nq| 324 bs
†Kvm© : Bs‡iRx‡Z nv`x‡mi Abyev` KiY †kLv‡bv nq|
we.G Abvm© PZz_© el© cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i- 411 bs †Kvm© : (K) kvin gvÔwbj Avmvi I (L) gykwKjyj Avmvi;
Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 412 bs †Kvm© : (K) gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK I (L) mybvb Av`-`v‡igx; Gi
wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 413 bs †Kvm© : (K) Avm-mnxn wj Beb LyhvBgv I (L) Avm-mnxn wj Beb
wneŸvb; Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 414 bs †Kvm© : Dm~jyZ ZvLixR Iqv wìvmvZzj Avmvbx`; G †Kv‡m©
nv`x‡mi ZvLixR Kivi g~jbxwZ Ges mb` we‡kølY c×wZ m¤úwK©Z we¯Ívwifv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q _v‡K|
we.G Abvm© PZz_© el© wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i- 421 bs †Kvm© : (K) gymbv` Avj-Bgvg Avex nvbxdv, (L)
gymbv` Avj-Bgvg Avk-kvwdC I (mv.) gymbv` Avj-Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^j; G †Kv‡m© gymbv` MÖš
m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvK cvZ Kiv nq, we‡klZ: DwjøwLZ wZbwU gymbv` MÖ‡ši g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK
Aa¨qb Kiv‡bv nq| 424 bs †Kvm© : Avm-mybvb wj Avex `vD`; Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 421 bs
†Kvm© : mnxûj eyLvix (2q cÎ); Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq|
G Qvov Gg.G cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i - 511 bs †Kvm© : mnxûj eyLvix (1g cÎ); Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq|
512 bs †Kvm© : AvmgvDi wiRvj; 513 bs †Kvm© : mnxn gymwjg (1g cÎ); Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq|
514 bs †Kvm© : Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xj; 515 bs †Kvm© : AvjvKvZzm mybœvn we mvZwij KziAvwbj
Kvixg; G †Kv‡m© nv`xm wfwËK KziAvb gvRx‡ì e¨vL¨vKiY m¤ú‡K© Aa¨qb Kiv‡bv nq|
80 cÖv¸³, c„. 76
262
Gg.G wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i - 521 bs †Kvm© : mnxûj eyLvix (2q cÎ); Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 522 bs
†Kvm© : mnxn gymwjg (2q cÎ); Gi wba©vwiZ Ask cwVZ nq| 525 bs †Kvm© : AvnKvgym mybœvn; G †Kv‡m©
weavb msµvšÍ nv`xm ev mybœvn Gi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv nq|81 D‡jøL¨, Aa¨vcK gvKmy` AviI Rvbvb
†h, DwjøwLZ wm‡jev‡m wba©vwiZ nv`xm MÖš¸‡jv cvV`vb Kv‡j MÖšvKv‡ii Rxebe„ËvšÍ Ges MÖ‡ši aib,
•ewkó¨ I web¨vm ixwZ BZ¨vw` we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Avi nv`xm MÖš¸‡jvi cvi¯úvwiK
Aa¨vq¸‡jv cÖvq KvwQ nIqvq †Kvb MÖš †_‡K †Kvb Aa¨vqwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e Zv Av‡MB wba©viY K‡i
†Ìqv nq; hv‡Z w`¦iæ³ †_‡K evuPv hvq|
ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, we G m¤§vb cÖ_g e‡l© 3wU, wØZxq e‡l© 2wU, Z…Zxq e‡l© 8wU Ges PZz_© e‡l© 7wU
nv`xm welqK †Kvm© wm‡jev‡m wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z Abv‡m© me© †gvU nv`xm welqK †Kvm© msL¨v
ùvovq 20wU| Avi Gg.G cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 5wU Ges wØZxq †mwg÷v‡ii Rb¨ 3wU nv`xm m¤úwK©Z †Kvm©
wm‡jev‡m wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| Gg.G †kÖwY‡Z †gvU 8wU †Kv‡m©i gva¨‡g Bjwg nv`x‡mi cvV`vb Kiv nq|
myZivs Abvm© I gv÷vm© wgwj‡q me©‡gvU nv`xm welqK †Kvm© msL¨v (20+08) = 28wU; hv evsjv‡`‡ki
cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ekx nv`x‡mi †Kvm© cwVZ nq e‡j cÖwZqgvb nq|
5. evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii wkÿv‡K `~iwkÿY cw×wZi gva¨‡g mKj ¯Í‡ii RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †c․u‡Q †`qvi j‡ÿ¨
XvKvi A`~‡i MvRxcy‡i Ôevsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjqÕ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| 1992 mv‡ji 20 A‡±vei
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦vwe`¨vj‡qi Rb¥| GwU GKwU cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq| GB wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔAb K¨v¤úvmÕ
(wmwU K¨v¤úvm, XvKv) I ÔAvDUvi K¨v¤úvmÕ (÷vwW †m›Uvi mg~n) `yB ai‡Yi wkÿv eë¯v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|
XvKv kn‡ii DË‡i MvRxcyi †Rjvi †evW©evRv‡i evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g~j K¨v¤úvm Aew¯Z| G
Qvov wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mviv †`‡k i‡q‡Q 12 wU AvÂwjK †K›`ª, 80 wU †Kv-
AwW©‡bwUs Awdm Ges 1000 wUiI AwaK wUD‡Uvwiqvj †K‡›`ªi wekvj †bUIqvK©| GB wek¦vwe`¨vj‡qi
wkÿv I cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q mvZwU GKv‡WwgK Abyl` ev ¯‥zj Ges 11 wU cÖkvmwbK
wefvM|82 Zb¥‡a¨ mvgvwRK weÁvb gvbweK I fvlv ¯‥z‡ji AšÍf©y³ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM| wb‡¤œ G
wefv‡M AwaZ wm‡jev‡mi nv`xm welqK AskUzKzi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2011-2012 †_‡K eZ©gvb)
IST 105 Study of Al-Hadith Mishkat Al- Masabih Al-Iman, Al-ILM and Al-Salat (Selected Hadith
IST 202 History of Hadith Many Books A detailed history of preserving and compiling of Hadith
upto 9th century of A.H. Special reference will be given to
literature
the following topics; recording of hadith, particularly the
Sahih (authentic) Hadith books, Biography of Malik b.
Anas, Ahmad b. Hanbal, Bukhari, Muslims, Al-Nasafi, Abu
Daud, Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah and Abu Zafar Tahawi.
IST 404 Study of Al-Hadith Sunan Abi Dawud Al-Zakat, Al-Siam & Al-Manasik (Selected Hadith)
IST499 Principles and Ibn Hajar : Nukhbah (i) Definition of Hadith and Sunnah (ii) The place and importance
of Hadith in Islamic law (iii) Refutation of allegations made in the
(B) History of Hadith al-Fikar past and present against Hadith; (iv) Development of Hadith
Literature Sciences (v) Isnad system; Classification and criticism of Asma
alRijal; (vi) The Words of tahammul and ada (vii) The
preconditions of a narrator of Hadith (viii) Classification of Hadith
in the light of acceptability and unacceptability (ix) Fabrication of
a Hadith, its causes and its elimination (x) Mustalah al-Hadith
81 cÖ‡dmi W. ‣mq` gvKmy`yi ingv‡bi mv‡_ 20.04.2021 Zvwi‡L mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g M‡elK DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
263
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2011-2012 †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ) wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU
25wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 04wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv 105: (Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g
kvqL Iqvjx DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ wKZve †_‡K wKZveyj Cgvb, Bjg I mvjvZ;
†gvU 03wU Aa¨vq †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nv`xmmg~n cwVZ nq| 202: (History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g
Bjwg nv`x‡mi msiÿY I msKj‡bi BwZnvm 9g wn. kZK ch©šÍ; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn msKj‡bi
BwZnvm, Ges Bgvg gvwjK Beb Avbvm, Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤^j, Bgvg eyLvix, gymwjg, wZiwghx, bvmvC,
Avey `vD`, Beb gvRvn I Z¡vnvex (in.) Gi Rxebx Av‡jvP¨ welq wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 105:
(Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) msKwjZ Ômybvb Avex `vD`Õ †_‡K wKZveyj
hvKvZ, wmqvg I gvbvwmK; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nv`xmmg~n cwVZ nq| G QvovI weKí †Kvm©
wn‡m‡e 499 (L): (Principles and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡gi †Kvm©wU ivLv n‡q‡Q|
G‡Z Bjwg nv`xm I mybœvn Gi msÁv, Bmjvgx AvB‡b Bjwg nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I Ae¯vb; c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡b
nv`x‡mi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM Ges Zv LÐ b; DrcwË I µgweKvk, mb` I Gi ¸iæZ¡, AvmgvDi
wiRvj (ivex PwiZ kv¯¿), gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bvi c×wZ, nv`xm eY©bvi c~e©kZ©vejx, nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨
nIqv bv nIqvi wfwË‡Z nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm Rvj Ki‡Yi KviY Ges Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a M„nxZ c`‡ÿc;
Bjwg nv`x‡mi KwZcq cwifvlv wb‡q †Kvm©wU web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2011-2012 †_‡K 2015-2016 wLª.
Course Course Prescribed Chapters
No. Title. Books
IST 507 Study of Al-Mishkat Al-Iman, Al-ILM & Al-Salat (Selected Hadith)
Al-Hadith Al-Masabih
IST 508 Principles Mawlana (i) Definition of Hadith and Sunnah (ii) The place and importance of
and Abdur Rahim: Hadith in Islamic law (iii) Refutation of allegations made in the past
and present against Hadith; Discussion of tendencies of contemporary
History of Hadith approaches in the study of Sunnah (iv) Development of Hadith
Hadith Sankaloner Sciences (v) Isnad system and its significance in Hadith; Classification
Literature Itihash and criticism of Asma al-Rijal; (vi) The Words of tahammul and ada
(vii) The pre-conditions of a narrator of Hadith (viii) Classification of
Hadith in the light of acceptability and unacceptability (ix) Fabrication
of a Hadith, its causes and its elimination (x) Mustalah al-Hadith
Gg. G wkÿvel© 2011-2012 †_‡K 2015-2016 wLª. wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU
25wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 02wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 507: (Study of Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g
kvqL Iqvjx DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ †_‡K wKZveyj Bjg, wKZveym mvjvZ, wKZveym
mvIg, wKZveyh hvKvZ I wKZveym n¾; †gvU 05wU Aa¨vq †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nv`xm we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ
nq| G Qvov 508: (Principles and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g Bjwg nv`xm I mybœvn Gi
msÁv, Bmjvgx AvB‡b Bjwg nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I Ae¯vb; c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡b nv`x‡mi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ
Awf‡hvM Ges Zv LÐ b; DrcwË I µgweKvk, mb` I Gi ¸iæZ¡, AvmgvDi wiRvj (ivex PwiZ kv¯¿),
gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bvi c×wZ, nv`xm eY©bvi c~e©kZ©vejx, nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqv bv nIqvi wfwË‡Z
nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm Rvj Ki‡Yi KviY Ges Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a M„nxZ c`‡ÿc; Bjwg nv`x‡mi KwZcq
cwifvlv wb‡q †Kvm©wU web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q|
264
6. RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq (Rwe)

1868 mv‡j RMbœv_ ivq †P․ayix wb‡Ri bv‡g GKwU ¯‥zj cÖwZôv K‡ib| Kvjµ‡g ¯‥zj †_‡K K‡jR, K‡jR
†_‡K wek¦we`¨vj‡q iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm` KZ©„K 2005 m‡bi 28 bs AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
Aby‡gvw`Z HwZnëvnx RMbœv_ miKvwi K‡jRwU RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡q iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges 2005 mv‡ji
20 A‡±vei GKwU cÖÁvc‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU c~Y©v½ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ¯^xK…wZ cvq| 8 †deªæqvwi, 2006 mv‡j
W. G †K Gg wmivRyj Bmjvg‡K DcvPvh© wb‡qvM `v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q c~Y©v½ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i|
7 GKi Rwgi Dci wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g~j K¨v¤úvmwU Aew¯Z| G wek¦we`¨vj‡q eZ©gv‡b 06wU Abyl`, 02wU
Bbw÷DU, 36wU wefvM i‡q‡Q| G‡Z cÖvq 14208 Rb wkÿv_x© Aa¨qbiZ Ges 657 Rb wkÿK Kg©iZ
i‡q‡Qb|83 hLb G wek¦we`¨vjqwU HwZnëvnx RMbœv_ K‡jR wQj ZLbI BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvMwU Pvjy
wQj| AZtci wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡KB BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM m¦‡M․i‡e Avcb gwngvq GwM‡q
Pj‡Q| G wefv‡Mi cvV¨µ‡gi avivevwnK Dbœq‡bi d‡j G‡Z mshy³ n‡q‡Q welq •ewPÎ¨, hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi
Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj wel‡qi AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv GKwU mg„× wm‡jev‡m iƒc`vb Ki‡Z mg_©
n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: ¯œvZK I ¯œv‡ZvKËi ch©vq nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î G wefv‡Mi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| G
wefv‡Mi me©‡kl wm‡jev‡m nv`x‡mi †h mKj †Kvm© AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq
†h, evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Zzjbvq G wefv‡Mi wm‡jevm A‡bK
mg„× we‡klZ: nv`xm welqK †Kvm© msL¨v, welq •ewPÎ¨ I nv`xmMÖ‡ši bZzbZ¡ cvV‡Ki `„wó Gov‡bvi gZ
bq| wb‡¤œ G wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi AšÍM©Z nv`xm †Kvm©¸‡jvi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡”Q-
RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2009-2010 wLª.)
IST 1202 Principles and Mawlana Md Abdur Part –A : Usul al-Hadith
History of Rahim : Hadith Part-B : Tarikh al-Hadith
Hadith Songkaloner Itihash.
Literature
IST 2102 Ulum Al- Dr. Mahmud At Stady of Sanad, Method of Hadith Finding,
Hadith Tahhan : Taisiru I`lm Jarh wat Tadil, Al Asmaur Rijal, Maudu &
Mustalah Al Hadith Daef Hadith, Ilal Al Hadith .
IST 2201 Study of Al- *Sahih Al-Bukhari Part -A : Babu Babùl Wahi, Kitab Al Ilm
Hadith *Shahih Al- Muslim Part-B : Kitab al- Iman .
2006 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ bexY G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c_Pjvi ïiæ †_‡K BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM‡K Zvi mv‡_
wb‡q Pj‡Q| G Pjvi c‡_ 2008 mv‡j cÖ_g GKwU my›ì wm‡jevm cÖYq‡bi ga¨w`‡q wefvM mg„w×i c‡_
GK avc GwM‡q hvq| bZzb GB we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2009-2010 wLª.) wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j
†`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 44wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 03wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© ivLv nq| G¸‡jv 1202: (Principles
and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g `yÕwU fv‡M wef³| h_v: (Usul al-Hadith) nv`xm kv‡¯¿i
g~jbxwZ Z_v nv`xm, mybœvn I Avmvi Gi msÁv, G‡ì g‡a¨ mv`„k¨-‣emv`„k¨; Bmjvgx mgvR I AvB‡b
Bjwg nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I Ae¯vb; c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡b nv`x‡mi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM Ges Zv LÐb; Gi
DrcwË I µgweKvk, mb` I Gi ¸iæZ¡, AvmgvDi wiRvj (ivex PwiZ kv¯¿), gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bvi
c×wZ, nv`xm eY©bvi c~e©kZ©vejx, nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqv bv nIqvi wfwË‡Z nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm
83 RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vjq : †P․Ï eQi c~wZ©, we‡kl msL¨v, 20 A‡±vei 2019 wLª., XvKv : Rbms‡hvM, Z_¨ I cÖKvkbv `ßi, RMbœv_
wek¦we`¨vjq, c„.03
265
Rvj Ki‡Yi KviY Ges Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a M„nxZ c`‡ÿc; Bjwg nv`x‡mi KwZcq cwifvlv wb‡q †Kvm©wU
web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| (Tarikh al-Hadith) Bjwg nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk, nv`xm msKj‡bi I
msiÿ‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ BwZnvm; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn Ges G‡ì msKjK, KwZcq cÖwm× nv`xm eY©bvKvixi
Rxebx †hgb: gvwjK Beb Avbvm, Avngv` Beb nv¤^j, Avey Rvdi Z¡vnvex, Bgvg hyûix, Beb gyeviK cÖgyL
m¤ú‡K© cwVZ nq| 2102:( Ulum Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g mb` Aa¨qb, mb‡ì gva¨‡g nv`xm eY©bv Ges
Gi ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv, nv`xm eY©bvKixi kZ©vejx, nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Yi c×wZ, nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv, Bjg Rvin
IqvZ ZvÔ`xj, AvmgvDi wiRvj, nv`x‡mi †kÖwYweb¨vm Ges mgv‡jvPbv weÁvb, gvI`yÔ Ges RBd: DrcwË,
µgweKvk, eZ©gvb Ae¯v, kixq‡Z Gi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv Ges nv`x‡mi mKj cÖKvi‡f` wb‡q †Kvm©wU web¨¯Í
Kiv n‡q‡Q| 2201: (Study of Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-
eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj Inx, wKZeyj Bjg Ges Bgvg gymwjg (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K wKZveyj
Cgvb; †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, †gvU †Kv‡m©i Zzjbvq nv`x‡mi †Kvm© AcÖZzj| AZtci
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2012-2013 †_‡K 2014-2015 wLª.)
IST 1202 Principles and Mawlana Md Abdur Part –A : Usul al-Hadith
History of Hadith Rahim : Hadith Part-B : Tarikh al-Hadith
Literature Songkaloner Itihash.
IST 2201 Study of Al- *Sahih Al-Bukhari Part -A : Babu Babùl Wahi, Magaji, Ilm
Hadith-1 *Shahih Al- Muslim from frist 10 Hadiths.
Part-B : Kitab al- Iman, al- Buyu, al-Hudud
from frist 10 Hadiths.
IST 3101 Study of Al- *Sahih Al-Bukhari Part-A : Kitab Al-Nikah; Al-Talaq; Al-Faraid
Hadith-2 *Shahih Al- Muslim Part-B : Kitab Al-Hibah; Al-Wasiyah
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2012-2013 †_‡K 2014-2015 wLª.) wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h,
†gvU 44wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 03wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© ivLv nq| G¸‡jv 1202: (Principles and History
of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g c~‡e©i wm‡jev‡mi †Kvm©wU wVK ivLv n‡q‡Q| 2102: ( Ulum Al-
Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g †Kvm©wU ev` †`qv n‡q‡Q| KviY, 1202 Ges 2102 †Kvm© `yÕwU wfbœ wk‡ivbv‡g n‡jI
welqe¯‧ (nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ welqK) GKB| Gi cwie‡Z© GKwU nv`x‡mi †Kvm© (3101) AšÍf©y³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 2201: (Study of Al-Hadith-i) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ
†_‡K eveyj Inx, wKZeyj Bjg, wKZveyj gvMvhx; Ges Bgvg gymwjg (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K
wKZveyj Cgvb, wKZveyj eyqyÔ, wKZveyj û`y`; †gvU 06wU Aa¨vq †_‡K wbe©vwPZ 10wU K‡i nv`xm cwVZ
nq| 3101: (Study of Al-Hadith-ii) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ
†_‡K wKZveyb wbKvn, wKZeyZ ZvjvK, dviv‡qR; Ges Bgvg gymwjg (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K
wKZveyj wnevn, wKZveyj Iqvwmqvn; †gvU 05wU Aa¨vq †_‡K cÖ_g 10 nv`xm cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv
nq| D‡jøL¨, G wm‡jev‡m nv`x‡mi †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ wKQzUv cwieZ©b Avm‡jI †gv‡Ui Dci nv`xm †Kvm© e„w×
Kiv nqwb| AZtci nv`x‡mi wm‡jev‡m Av‡m e¨vcK cwieZ©b|
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2015-2016wLª.†_‡K eZ©gvb)
Course Course Prescribed Books Chapters
No. Title.
IST 1202 Principles Mawlana Md Abdur Part –A : Usul al-Hadith
and History Rahim : Hadith Part-B : Tarikh al-Hadith
of Hadith Songkaloner Itihash.
Literature
266
IST 2201 Sunna in * Riyadus Saliheen Part -A : Chapter No: 1 to 10 & 23, 26, 59, 276,
Practical life * Adabul Mufrad 277, 279, 280, 327 Part-B : Neighbour Chapter: 55
to 70 Gathering Chapter: 534 to 546, Circumcision
Chapter: 595 to 607.
IST 3101 Study of Al- *Sahih Al-Bukhari Part-A : Kitab Al-Buyu
Hadith *Shahih Al- Muslim Part-B : Kitab Al-Salat
IST 4102 Ahkamul Imam Malik: Muatta Part-A : Kitab Al Hajj
Hadith Abu Dawud: Sunan Part-B : Kitab Al-Zakat
IST 4202 Fiqhul Al-Musnad li Ahmad Part-A : Ahadith Ayesha
Hadith Sharh al Maani al- Part-B : Kitab al- Rihn, al-Hibah wa a-
Athar Sadaqah, al-waqf & al-Ijarat
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2015-2016 †_‡K 2019-2020 wLª.) ch©šÍ wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq
†h, 2015 mv‡j cÖewZ©Z wm‡jev‡m Avg~j cwieZ©b jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| G‡Z †Kvm© msL¨v e„w×i cvmvcwk
hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi cÖwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L A‡bK bZzb bZzb welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| e„w× †c‡q‡Q nv`xm welqK
†Kvm© msL¨vI| †hgb- †gvU 48wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© 03wU †_‡K 05wU‡Z DwbœZ Kiv nq|
G¸‡jv 1202: (Principles and History of Hadith Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g `yÕwU fv‡M wef³| h_v: (Usul
al-Hadith) nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ Z_v nv`xm, mybœvn I Avmvi Gi msÁv, G‡ì g‡a¨ mv`„k¨-‣emv`„k¨;
Bmjvgx mgvR I AvB‡b Bjwg nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I Ae¯vb; c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡b nv`x‡mi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ
Awf‡hvM Ges Zv LÐ b; DrcwË I µgweKvk, mb` I Gi ¸iæZ¡, AvmgvDi wiRvj (ivex PwiZ kv¯¿),
gynvwÏmM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bvi c×wZ, nv`xm eY©bvi c~e©kZ©vejx, nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqv bv nIqvi wfwË‡Z
nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm Rvj Ki‡Yi KviY Ges Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a M„nxZ c`‡ÿc; Bjwg nv`x‡mi KwZcq
cwifvlv wb‡q †Kvm©wU web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| (Tarikh al-Hadith) Bjwg nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk,
nv`xm msKj‡bi I msiÿ‡Yi we¯ÍvwiZ BwZnvm; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn Ges G‡ì msKjK, KwZcq
cÖwm× nv`xm eY©bvKvixi Rxebx †hgb: gvwjK Beb Avbvm, Avngv` Beb nv¤^j, Avey Rvdi Z¡vnvex, Bgvg
hyûix, Beb gyeviK cÖgyL m¤ú‡K© cwVZ nq| 2201: (Sunna in Practical life) wk‡ivbv‡g Òwiqv`ym
mv‡jnxbÓ Gi 1 †_‡K 10 bs, 23, 26, 59, 276, 277, 279, 280, 327 bs Aa¨vq Ges ÒAv`veyj
gydiv`Ó †_‡K cÖwZ‡ekxi AwaKvi, gRwj‡mi Avè Ges †L․iKg© m¤úwK©Z Aa¨vq¸‡jv cvV¨ wn‡m‡e
wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3101: (Study of Al-Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn
Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K eveyj Inx, wKZeyj Bjg Ges Bgvg gymwjg (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K
wKZveyj Cgvb; †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 4102: ( Ahkamul Hadith) †Kvm© wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg beex
(in.) msKwjZ Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ †_‡K eveyj Inx, wKZeyj Bjg Ges Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ
ÔAv`veyj gydiv`Õ †_‡K wKZveyj Cgvb; †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq| 4202: ( Fiqhul Hadith) †Kvm©
wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avngv` Beb nv¤^j (in.) msKwjZ Ôgymbv‡` Avngv`Õ Gi AšÍM©Z nhiZ Avqkv (iv)
†_‡K ewY©Z nv`xmmg~n Ges Bgvg Z¡vnvex (in.) msKwjZ Ôkiû gvÔwbj AvmviÕ †_‡K wKZveyi winvb,
wKZveyj wnevn Iqvm mv`vKvZ, wKZveyj IqvKd, wKZveyj BRvivn †gvU wZbwU Aa¨vq cwVZ nq|
D‡jøL¨ †h, G wm‡jevm 2015 mv‡j cÖewZ©Z nq| wKš‧ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wbqg Abymv‡i cÖwZeQi wm‡jevm
cwigvR©b Ki‡Z nq| †mg‡Z 2015 †_‡K 2020 ch©šÍ G hver Kv‡j G wefv‡Mi wm‡jevm mg~‡ni g‡a¨
GwU‡KB welq •ewPÎ¨ I mg„× wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e aiv hvq| KviY G cvuP eQ‡i wm‡jev‡mi †g․wjK †Kvb
cwieZ©b Av‡mwb| G Qvov nv`xm wel‡q eZ©gvb wm‡jev‡m A‡bK cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q, nv`x‡mi †Kvm©
msL¨v †hgb e„w× †c‡q‡Q, mv‡_ mv‡_ nv`x‡mi wel‡qi g‡aÏ †j‡M‡Q bZzb‡Z¡i †Qvuqv| AvKl©Yxq
wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm †Kvm©mg~‡ni bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q, mshy³ n‡q‡Q A‡bK bZzb bZzb nv`xmMÖš|
267
Gg. G wkÿvel© (2011-2012 †_‡K 2015-2016 wLª.)
IST 5102 Al-Hadith Al-Bukhari Kitabul Manaqib, Kitabul Magaji,
Al-Jami Al-Sahih Kitabul Adab
IST 5204 Business Studies in Al-Bukhari Sahih Al-Bukhari (Kitab Al-Buyu)
Islam
Gg.G 2011-2012 †_‡K 2015-2016 wLª. wkÿve‡l©i wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 10wU
†Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 02wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 5102 : (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey Avãyjøvn
gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K wKZveyj gvbvwKe, wKZveyj
gvMvhx I wKZveyj Av`ve †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 502 : (Business Studies in
Islam) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn eyLvixÕ †_‡K wKZveyj eyqyÔ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Gg. G wkÿvel© (2016-2017 wLª.)
No.
IST 5102 Al-Hadith *Sahih Al-Bukhari Part-A : Kitabul Manaqib, Kitabul Magaji
* Sahih Muslim Part-B : Kitab al-Ashriba, al-Libass & al-
Hajj
IST 5202 Study of Sharhul * Fathul-Bari Babu Kaifa Kana Bad‟ul Wahi
Hadith *Mirqatal- Kitab Al-Fitan
Masabih
Gg.G 2016-2017 †_‡K 2019-2020wLª.wkÿve‡l©i wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU
12wU †Kv‡m©i g‡a¨ 02wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© wQj| G¸‡jv 5102 : (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey
Avãyjøvn gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix (in.) msKwjZ Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ †_‡K wKZveyj gvbvwKe,
wKZveyj gvMvhx; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq Ges Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Ômnxn gymwjgÕ †_‡K wKZveyj Avkwievn,
wKZveyj wjevm, wKZveyj nv¾ we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨vmn cwVZ nq| 502 : (Study of Sharhul Hadith)
wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Beb nvRvi Avj-ÔAvmKvjvbx (in.) iwPZ ÔdvZûj evix we kiwn mnxwnj eyLvixÕ †_‡K
evey KvBdv Kvbv ev`qyj Inx Ges Avjøvgv †gvjøv Avjx Kvix (in.) iwPZ ÔwgiKvZzj gvdvZxn we kiwn
wgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ †_‡K wKZveyj wdZvb cvV¨µgf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7. RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq
evsjv‡`k RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq MvRxcyi †Rjvi †evW©evRv‡i Aew¯Z| GwU 1992 mv‡j GKwU G‡dwj‡qU
wek¦we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| wkÿv_©x‡ì msL¨vMZ w`K †_‡K GwU we‡k¦i wØZxq e„nËg
we`¨vcxV| Gi Awafz³ K‡jR¸‡jvq 28 jv‡LiI †ewk QvÎ-QvÎx covïbv K‡i|84
84 /https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki ›
268
RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq
we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2009-2010 †_‡K 2012-2013 wLª.)
Course Course Title. Prescribed Chapters
No. Books
IST 1862 Study of Al-Hadith Mishkat-Al- kitab al-Ilm & Salat
Masabih
IST 1880 Principles and Sharh Nuk batul (1)Mstalahul Hadith (2) The place and importance of
Hadith in Islami Sharia. Preservation and compilation of
History of Hadith Fikar li Ibn al-
Hadith during the time of the prophet (SM), Sahaba and
Literature Hazar Tabiyun: Compilation of Sihah Sittah: Biographies of the
following traditionists: Imam Malik (R.), Imam Bukhari
(R.), Imam Muslim (R.) and Wali al-Din Muhammad .
IST 1882 Sayings of the Holy Riyadus Saliheen Chapter Nos.:1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 23, 26, 59,
Prophet (Sm.) in the 276, 277, 279, 280, 327.
Practical Life
RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi we.G (Abvm©) wkÿvel© (2009-2010 †_‡K 2012-2013 wLª.) wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv
Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 03wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv 1862: (Study of Al-Hadith)
wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL Iqvjx DÏxb (in.) msKwjZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ wKZve †_‡K wKZveyj Bjg I mvjvZ;
†gvU 02wU Aa¨vq wm‡jev‡m wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges 1880: (Principles and History of Hadith
Literature) wk‡ivbv‡g nv`x‡mi cwifvlv, Bmjvgx kixq‡Z nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, bex (mv.), mvnvev I ZweC‡ì
hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I msKj‡bi BwZnvm, wmnvn wmËvn msKjb Ges Bgvg gvwjK, Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg
gymwjg I kvqL Iqvjx DÏx‡bi Rxebx wm‡jevmf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov 1882: (Sayings of the Holy
Prophet (Sm.) in the Practical Life) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg beex (in.) msKwjZ Ôwiqv`ym mv‡jnxbÕ wKZve
†_‡K wbe©vwPZ 15wU Aa¨vq wm‡jev‡m wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq
Gg. G wkÿvel© (2005-2006 †_‡K 2012-2013 wLª.)
No.
IST 5102 Al-Hadith * Al-Bukhari Kitabul Manaqib, Kitabul Magaji,
* Al-Jami Al-Sahih Kitabul Adab
IST 5204 Business Studies in Al-Bukhari Kitab Al-Buyu
Islam * Al-Jami Al-Sahih
RvZxq wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Gg. G wkÿvel© (2005-2006 †_‡K 2012-2013 wLª.) wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j
†`Lv hvq †h, †gvU 02 wU nv`xm kix‡di †Kvm© i‡q‡Q| 5102: (Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g mnxn eyLvix †_‡K
wKZveyj gvbvwKe, gvMvhx I Avè; †gvU 03wU Aa¨vq wm‡jev‡m wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ges 5102:
(Business Studies in Islam) wk‡ivbv‡g mnxn eyLvix †_‡K wKZveyj eyq~Ô Aa¨vqwU wm‡jevmf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8. Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq

gvìvmv wkÿveë¯vi AvaywbKvqb I hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Ki‡Z †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq Djvgv-gvkv‡q‡Li `vexi
†cÖwÿ‡Z 2013 mv‡ji 25 †m‡Þ¤î 37 bs AvBb RvZxq msm‡` cv‡mi gva¨‡g eûj cÖwZwÿZ
Gwdwj‡qwUs (¯^Zš¿ ) Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq cÖwZwôZ nq | 2014 mv‡j XvKv wek^we`¨vj‡qi
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. Av.b.g. iBQ DwÏb‡K Bmjvwg Aviwe wek^we`¨vj‡qi DcvPvh© c‡`
wb‡qvM `vb Kiv nq| GB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K gvìvmv wkÿvavivi dvwRj (¯œvZK) I Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi)
269
ch©v‡qi wWwMÖ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| gvìvmv wkÿvi Dbœqb I AvaywbKvqb, dvwRj (¯œvZK), Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi)
ch©v‡q wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK Aby‡gv`b, wkÿvi ¸YMZ gv‡bvbœqb, gvìvmv wkÿK‡ì cÖwkÿY,
wkÿv½Y¸‡jvi Z`viwK Ges cixÿv cwiPvjbvmn mvwe©K ZË¡veavqb K‡i Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq| Gi
Aaxb †`‡ki bvgKiv 31 gvìvmvq 5 wU wel‡q Abvm© †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy i‡q‡Q| h_v: nv`xm A¨vÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR, Avj-KziAvb A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, Av`-`vIqv A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, Avj Av`veyj Aviex
(Aviex mvwnZ¨), Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm| GB Abvm© †Kvm© QvovI gvìvmv wkÿveë¯vq dvwRj (cvm), dvwRj
(¯œvZK) Ges Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Awafz³
gvìvmv¸‡jv nj: Kvwgj gvìvmv 205wU, dvwRj (m¤§vb) 31wU (Abvm©/cvm) 1049wU, miKvwi gvìvmv
3wU| Gme wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b cuvP jvL 98 nvRvi 31 Rb wkÿv_©x i‡q‡Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ GK jvL 97 nvRvi
385 Rb QvÎx| Avi wkÿK i‡q‡Qb 22 nvRvi 921 Rb|85
†Kvm© wfwËK cvV¨ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv
evsjv‡`‡ki gvìvmv wkÿv avivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v me‡P‡q eo †ÿÎ| KviY eZ©gvb mg‡q dvwRj
(¯œvZK) Ges Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) †kÖwY‡Z cuvP jvL 98 nvRvi 31 Rb wkÿv_©x evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi
mv‡_ mivmwi hy³| ZvB Ly‡Ru †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡ì‡K Kx Kx nv`xm Aa¨qb Kiv‡bv nq? Avi Zv‡ì AaxZ
nv`xm PP©vi cwigvY KZUzKz Zv Ly‡Ru †`Lvi GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g n‡”Q, Zv‡ì cvV¨m~Px ev wm‡jevm
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv| wb‡¤œ gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯vi dvwRj (¯œvZK) Ges Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) RvgvÔAv‡Zi
wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
K) dvwhj we.G Abv‡m©i †Kvm© wfwËK cvV¨ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, Avj-nv`xm wefvM, Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq
202101 : Mustalahul Hadith -‫مصطلح الحديث‬
,‫ انزاوي‬, ‫ تقظٍى خثز اَحاد‬, ‫ تقظٍى انخثز تانُظثح نىصىنه إنٍُا‬, ‫علم مصطلح الحديث تعزٌف انحذٌج وانخثز‬
.‫ اإلطُاد‬,‫انزواٌح‬
Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi dvwhj we.G (Abvm©) wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
ÒgymZvjvûj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q nv`xm, Lei I Gi †kÖwYweb¨vm, ivex,
wiIqv‡qZ I Bmbv` BZ¨vw` |
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, Avj-nv`xm wefvM, Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq
202103 : Ulumul Hadith -‫علىم الحديث‬
‫ عهى‬,‫ عهى عهم انحذٌج‬,‫ عهى انجزح وانتعذٌم‬,‫ عهى تىارٌخ انزجال وطثقاتهى‬,‫ عهى اإلطُاد‬,‫عهى انحذٌج رواٌح ودراٌح‬
‫ عهى انًظتخزجاخ‬,‫ عهى سوائذ انحذٌج‬,‫ عهى أطزاف انحذٌج‬,‫ عهى يختهف انحذٌج ويشكهه‬,‫َاطخ انحذٌج ويُظىخه‬
.‫ عهى شزح انحذٌج‬,‫ دراطح األطاٍَذ وانحكى عهى انحذٌج‬,‫ عهى تخزٌج انحذٌج‬,‫ عهى غزٌة انحذٌج‬,‫وانًظتذركاخ‬
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi dvwhj we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i ÒDj~gyj nv`xmÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q wiIqvZ I wìvqv‡Zi wfwË‡Z Bjwg nv`xm, Bmbv` m¤úwK©Z
Aa¨qb, wiRvj kv‡¯¿i BwZnvm I ivex‡ì ¯Íi, Bjwg Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xj, Bjvjyj nv`xm, bvwmL-gvbmyL,
gyLZvjvdzj nv`xm Iqv gykwKwjnx, AvZivdzj nv`xm, hvIqv‡q`yj nv`xm, gymZvLivRvZ Ges
gmZvìvKvZ, Mixeyj nv`xm, ZvLixRyj nv`xm, nv`x‡mi weavb cÖ‡qv‡M Avmvwb` Aa¨qb Ges nv`xm
e¨vL¨v KiY c×wZ Rvbv BZ¨vw` welq wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf~©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
85 W. †K Gg mvBdzj Bmjvg I W. †gvnv¤§` evnvDwÏb, ÔBmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq Avkv c~i‡Yi ciI Avk¼vÕ •`wbK Kv‡ji KÚ,
XvKv : 25 A‡±vei, 2013wLª.; https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki ›
270
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, Avj-nv`xm wefvM, Bmjvwg Aviwe wek¦we`¨vjq
202201 : History of Ilmul Hadith ‫تارٌخ عهى انحذٌج‬
‫ تذوٌٍ عهى‬,ًَ‫ عهى انحذٌج فً عهذ انتذوٌٍ انقزٌ انخا‬,‫ عهى انحذٌج فً عهذ انصحاتح‬,‫عهى انحذٌج فً عهذ انُثىج‬
‫ تذوٌٍ عهى انحذٌج فً انقزٌ انخايض‬,‫ تذوٌٍ عهى انحذٌج فً انقزٌ انزاتع انهجزي‬,‫انحذٌج فً انقزٌ انخانج انهجزي‬
.‫ عهى انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش‬,‫ تذوٌٍ عهى انحذٌج تعذ انقزٌ انخايض انهجزي‬,‫انهجزي‬
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi dvwhj we.G Abvm© wØZxq el©, wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i ÒZvwiLy Dj~wgj
nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m© bex (mv.) Gi beyIqvZx Rxe‡b Bjwg nv`xm, mvnvev hy‡M Bjwg nv`xm,
wØZxq, Z„Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg kZvwã‡Z nv`xm msKjb Ges cÂg kZvwã cieZx© hy‡M Bjwg nv`xm PP©v,
evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ nq|
202202 : History of Ilmul Hadith in Indian Sub Continent &Bangladesh
)‫(تاريخ علم الحديث فى شبه القارة الهندية و بنعالديش‬
‫علن الحديث في بنغالديش‬: ‫علن الحديث في شبه القارة الهنديت‬
‫ دخىل عهى انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش وأول يٍ قاو‬ ‫ يٍ عهذ انصحاتح إنى يجىء انظهطاٌ يحًىد‬: ‫انعصز األول‬
.‫تخذيح عهى انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش‬ :‫انغشَىي فً انهُذ‬
ً‫ تاحٍز يذارص شثه انقارج فً َشز عهى انحذٌج ف‬ ‫ هـــــــ أشهز انًحذحٍٍ فى هذا‬800 ‫ هـ إنى‬500 ٍ‫ ي‬: ‫انعصز انخاَى‬.
‫تُغالدٌش‬
.‫انعصز وأهى انكتة انًذوَح فٍه‬
ٍٍ‫يزاحم تعهٍى انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش وطثقاخ انًحذح‬
. ‫فً تُغالدٌش‬ ‫ هــ إنى عصز طهثح انهٍخًً أشهز‬801 ‫ ون‬: ‫انعصز انخانج‬.
‫ يظاهًاخ انًذارص اإلطاليٍح وانجايعاخ فً َشز‬ .‫انًحذحٍٍ فً هذا انعصز وأهى انكتة انًذوَح فٍه‬
‫عهىو انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش‬ ‫ يٍ تذاٌح طهثح انهٍخًً إنى انشٍخ ونً هللا انًحذث‬: ‫انعصز انزاتع‬.
‫ أشهز انًؤنفاخ فً عهى انحذٌج فً تُغالدٌش‬ : ‫انذههىي‬
‫وأشهز انًحذحٍٍ فً تُغالدٌش‬ ‫(عصز يجذد األنف انخاَى وانًحذث عثذ انحق انذههىي )أشهز‬
(‫)انقزٌ انتاطع عشز‬ ‫انًحذحٍٍ فى هذا انعصز وأهى انكتة انًذوَح فٍه‬
‫ عصز انشٍخ انًحذث ونً هللا انذههىي رحًه هللا‬: ‫انعصز انخايض‬.
‫أشهز انًحذحٍٍ فً هذا انعصز وأهى انكتة انًذوَح‬
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi dvwhj we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i ÒHistory of
Ilmul Hadith in Indian Sub Continent & BangladeshÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧‡K fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`k I evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ K) fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`k Bjwg nv`xm: G wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb cvuPwU hy‡M fvM K‡i welq e¯‧ web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨
1g hyM: mvnvexM‡Yi Avgj †_‡K myjZvb gvngy` MRex ch©šÍ; 2q hyM: 500 wn. †_‡K 800 wnRix ch©šÍ
cÖwm× gynvwÏm I Zuv‡ì msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš wb‡q Av‡jvPbv; 3q hyM: 801 wn. †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ cÖwm×
gynvwÏmMY I Zvu‡ì msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš wb‡q Av‡jvPbv; 5g hyM: kvqL Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njvexi
(in.) hyM †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ cÖwm× gynvwÏm I Zv‡ì iwPZ nv`xm MÖš wb‡q Av‡jvPbv|
L) evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm: G cv‡V evsjv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`x‡mi AvMgb Ges cÖ_g ch©vq hviv
G wel‡q Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm kv¯¿ cÖmv‡i Dcgnv‡`‡ki gvìvmv¸‡jvi Ae`vb, nv`xm
wkÿv`v‡bi Rb¨ G‡`‡k †h mKj gynvwÏ‡mi AvMgb n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì ¯Íi, evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm kv¯¿ cÖmv‡i
gvìvmv I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi f~wgKv, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm I Zvu‡ì iwPZ nv`xm welqK cÖwm×
MÖšvejx‡K cvV¨ welq wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
271
202206 : Al-Sunan by Imam Tirmizi and Al-Sunan by ibn Mazah ( ‫) انظٍُ نهتزيذي وانظٍُ التٍ ياجه‬
.‫ دراطح أتىاب انصالج‬,‫ دراطح عٍ انظٍُ نإلياو انتزيذي‬,‫ تزجًح اإلياو انتزيذي‬:‫السنن لإلهام التزهذي‬
.‫ دراسة أبواب الزكاة‬،‫ دراطح عٍ طٍُ اتٍ ياجه‬,‫ َثذج عٍ حٍاج اإلياو اتٍ ياجه‬:‫السنن البن هاجه‬
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi dvwhj we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, wØZxq †mwg÷v‡i ÒAl-Sunan by
Imam Tirmizi and Al-Sunan by ibn MazahÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q mybvby wZiwgwh
†_‡K Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) Gi Rxebx, Rv‡gÔwZiwghx m¤ú‡K© Aa¨qb, AveIqveym mvjvZ Aa¨qb Ges
mybvby Avex `vD` †_‡K Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) Gi Rxebx, mybvby Avex `vD` m¤ú‡K© Aa¨qb, AveIqveym
hvKvZ welqK nv`xmmg~n Aa¨qb Kiv‡bv nq |
L) ÒKvwgj gv÷vm© Ae AvU©mÓ Avj-nv`xm wefv‡M cwVZ nv`x‡mi †Kvm© wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv
wm‡jevm: ÒKvwgj gv÷vm© Ae AvU©mÓ Avj-nv`xm wefvM, Bmjvwg Aviex wek¦we`¨vjq
502101 Study of Al-Hadith (1)
A) Muhammad Ibn Ismail al-Bukhari : Sahih al-Bukhari [Kitabu:Bad‟ul khalq, Kitab:al
Manaqib, Kitab: al-Magazi]
B) Muslim Ibnul Hajjaj al-Kushairi : Sahih Muslim [Kitab: al-Iman, Kitab: al-Imarat, Kitab:
Fadail al-Sahaba]
C) Hifjul Hadith :1) Sahih Al-Bukhari : Kitabul ilm, Kitabus Salat 2) Sahih Muslim : Kitabuz
Zakat, Kitabus Sawm
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kvwgj gv÷vm© (Avj-nv`xm) cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i ÒStudy of Al-Hadith-1Ó
wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, (K) mnxûj eyLvix : wKZveyj ev`DÔj LvjK, wKZveyj gvbvwKe I
wKZveyj gvMvhx (L) mnxn gymwjg: wKZveyj Cgvb, wKZveyj BgvivZ, wKZvey dhxjvZzm mvnvev Ges (mv.)
wndhyj nv`xm: hv mnxn eyLvixi wKZveyj Bjg, mvjvZ Ges mnxn gymwj‡gi wKZeyh hvKvZ, mvIg †_‡K
wba©vwiZ msL¨K nv`xm gyL¯ Kiv‡bv nq |
502102 Study of Al-Hadith (2)
A)Abu Dawud Sulaiman ibn Asha’s: Sunan Abu Dawud (Kitabuz Zakat and Sawm)
B)Abu Jafor at-Tahawi : Sharhu Ma’anil Asar (Kitabul Buyu, Kitabus Saraf, Kitabul Hiba
was-Sadaqah and Kitabur Rahan).
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Kvwgj gv÷vm© (Avj-nv`xm) cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i ÒStudy of Al-Hadith-2Ó
wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, (K) mybvby Avex `vD`: wKZveyh hvKvZ, wKZveym mvIg, (L) kiû
gvAvÔwbj Avmvi: wKZveyj eyq~Ô, wKZveym mvid, wKZvey wnev Iqvm mv`vKvZ Ges wKZveyi ivnvb|
502103: Science of Al-Hadith
Part-A: Asmaur Rijal:(‫)أسواء الزجال‬
Definition, I‟lmu Tawarikhir Rijal, I‟lmu Tabaqater Rijal and Kutubut Tabaqat, A brief
introduction of ten narrators, I‟lmu Dabti Asmair Rijal, I‟lmu Rijali Kutubin Khassah.
Part-B: I’lmul Jarhi wat Ta’dil:( ‫)علن الجزح والتعديل‬
Definition of I‟lmul Jarhi wat Ta‟dil, History of I‟lmul Jarhi wat Ta‟dil, The Base of al-Jarhu wat
Ta‟dil, Books written on “I‟lmul Jarhi wat Ta‟dil”, Terms of Jarhu wat Ta‟dil, Conditions of
criticism, Contradiction between Jarhu and Ta‟dil, Rules of the narrating of criticized.
272
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi Kvwgj gv÷vm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i ÒScience of Al-
HadithÓ wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, (K) AvmgvDi wiRvj: wiRvj kv‡¯¿i BwZnvm, nv`xm
eY©bvKvix ivex‡ì ¯Íi, RewZi wiRvj I wba©vwiZ wiRvj welqK MÖšmg~n Av‡jvPbv; (L) Bjgyj Rviwn
IqvZ ZvÔ`xj: Bjgyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÔ`x‡ji cwiPq, BwZnvm, G kv‡¯¿i wfwË, G wel‡q wjwLZ MÖšvejx
I cwifvlv, mgv‡jvPbvi kZ©vejx, gZcv_©K¨ I c×wZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q wba©vwiZ cwVZ welq |
502104: Fiqh of Al-Hadith
Mufti Amimul Ihsan Al-Barkati : Fiqhus Sunan wal Athar (Kitab al-Salat)
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-nv`xm wefv‡Mi Kvwgj gv÷vm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i ÒFiqh of Al-Hadith Ó
wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, (K) wdKûm mybvwb Iqvj Avmvi : G MÖš †_‡K wKZveym mvjvZ
cwVZ nq |
6.1.5 ‡emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq
DËiv BDwbfvwm©wU
DËiv BDwbfvwm©wU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq| GwU XvKvi DËivq Aew¯Z| G
BDwbfvwm©wUi wkÿv_x© msL¨v 5000 Rb| W. Gg AvwRRyi ingvb G BDwbfvwm©wUi DcvPvh©| 86 G
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf©y³ nv`xm †Kvm©mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv wb¤œiƒc-
†Kvm© wfwËK cvV¨ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, DËiv BDwbfvwm©wU, XvKv
IS 121 INTRODUCTION TO AL HADITH
Definition of Hadith and Sunnah, their Place and importance in Islam. Preservation,
Classification of Hadith, Prominent Rawbi, sonad, matan and famous early books and its authors,
a correct approach to the Study and understanding of the Sunnah Such as kitabul adab and
Kitabul Salat.
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi we.G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M “IS 121:
INTRODUCTION TO AL HADITH” wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, (K) nv`xm I mybœvn Gi msÁv,
nv`x‡mi msiÿY, cÖKvi‡f`, cÖL¨vZ ivex, mb`, gZb Ges G welqK cÖwm× MÖšmg~n Ges MÖšvKviMY
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv; (L) mybœvn mwVK c×wZ‡Z Aa¨qb I Abyaveb: 1. wKZveyj Av`ve, 2. wKZveym mvjvZ
cwVZ welq wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q |
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, DËiv BDwbfvwm©wU, XvKv
IS 321- ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL HADITH
Textual study of Hadith of the chapter of Iman, Taharat (Purity), prayer (Salat), Fasting
(sawm), Zakat, & the Pilgrimage (Hajj) from the Sahih al Bukhari, Mishkat al Masabih,
Riyadus Saleheen, Tirmizee etc. Necessary rules of these prayers, classification, Modalities,
rectifying of hadith and memorizing.
AÎ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, DËiv BDwbfvwm©wU,
XvKvq “IS 321- ANALYSIS OF TEXTUAL HADITH” wk‡ivbv‡g cwVZ †Kv‡m©i welqe¯‧ n‡”Q, wba©vwiZ
MÖš †_‡K nv`xm Aa¨qb| †hgb: wKZveyj Cgvb, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ I n¾| wba©vwiZ MÖš
(mnxn Avj-eyLvix, Rvwg-AvZwZiwghx, wgkKvZzj gvmvwen, wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb)|
273
`¨v wccjm BDwbfvwm©wU Ae evsjv‡`k

`¨v wccjm BDwbfvwm©wU Ae evsjv‡`k GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq| 1996 mv‡j GwU cÖwZwôZ nq|87 G
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf©y³ nv`xm †Kvm©mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv wb¤œiƒc-
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, `¨v wccjm BDwbfvwm©wU Ae evsjv‡`k, XvKv
Course# ACH-013 STUDIES OF HADITH IN THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT
This course will introduce: This course will focus on study of Hadith in the sub-continent. It
will also familiarize the students, with the works and contributions of the preachers of Hadith in
the Sub-continent, Sech as Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Mahmodul Hasan, Hafeji Huzur, al Suwiti, al
Athr, Ibn al Haithami (Rh)
G †Kv‡m© (C.C- 119 INTRODUCTION TO AL-HADITH) wk‡ivbv‡g G †Kv‡m©i fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k

Bjwg nv`xm PP©v; nv`xm PP©vKvix‡ì Kg© I Ae`v‡bi mv‡_ wkÿv_©x‡ì cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡e| †hgb:
Avkivd Avjx _vbfx, gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb, nv‡d¾x ûRyi, Avj-myq~Zx,(?) Beb nvqZvgx (in.)[?]
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, `¨v wccjm BDwbfvwm©wU Ae evsjv‡`k, XvKv
Course# C.C- 119 INTRODUCTION TO AL-HADITH
Course Outline: Definition of the Hadith and Sunnah, the importance of the Hadith in Islam.
Meaning and Authority of the Hadith, Recording, Preserving, Fabrication, Narrators, early,
Medival and latest books of the Hadith, particularly the six sahih and biographies of their
collectors will cover thiscourse.
G †Kv‡m© (C.C- 119 INTRODUCTION TO AL-HADITH) wk‡ivbv‡g G †Kv‡m© nv`xm I mybœvn Gi cwiPq,
Bmjv‡g nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, nv`xm msiÿY, msKjb, nv`xm Rvj KiY I RvjKvixMY, nv`x‡mi Dci
msKwjZ cÖ_g, ga¨ I AvaywbK hy‡M msKwjZ nv`xmMÖšmg~n; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn MÖšmg~n I
MÖšvKvi‡ì Rxebx cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq
evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq XvKvq Aew¯Z GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq| 2006 mv‡j mvB‡q¨`
Kvgvj DwÏb Rvdix GwU cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges wZwbB eZ©gv‡b GB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cwiPvjbv cl©‡ì
†Pqvig¨vb| Gi cÖwZôvZv DcvPvh© n‡jb Aa¨vcK Av‡bvqvi Djøvn †P․ayix Ges eZ©gvb DcvPv‡h©i `vwq‡Z¡
i‡q‡Qb Aa¨vcK KvRx AvKZvi †nvmvBb| Gi wkÿv_x© msL¨v cÖvq †P․Ï nvRvi|88 G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf©y³ nv`xm †Kvm©mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv wb¤œiƒc-
†Kvm© wfwËK cwVZ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq
Course Code: IS 114, CourseTitle: Introduction to Al-Hadith
Course Outline: Definition of the Hadith and Sunnah, the importance of the Hadith in Islam.
Meaning and Authority of the Hadith, Recording, Preserving, Fabrication, Narrators, early,
Medival and latest books of the Hadith, particularly the six sahih and biographies of their
collectors will cover thiscourse.
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88 https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/
274
evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
(Introduction to Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g G †Kv‡m© nv`xm I mybœvn Gi cwiPq, Bmjv‡g nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡,
nv`xm msiÿY, msKjb, nv`xm Rvj KiY I RvjKvixMY, nv`x‡mi Dci msKwjZ cÖ_g, ga¨ I AvaywbK
hy‡M msKwjZ nv`xmMÖšmg~n; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn MÖšmg~n I MÖšvKvi‡ì Rxebx cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wm‡jevm: we.G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq
Course Code: IS 121, Course Title: Terminology of Hadith
Course Outline:This course deals with the various terms of Hadith in accordance to accuracy
sush as Shaih, Hasan and Da‟if, according to acceptability such as Maqul and Mardud. It also
reflect to the mathods of narration and classification of Hadith to the point of numbers of
narrators and point of sparation of sanad, followed by qualities and coursesies should be
maintained by narrators, meaning of rejection and its courses.
evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
(Terminology of Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g G †Kv‡m© nv`xm kv‡¯¿i wewfbœ cwifvlv, ivex‡ì ¸Yvejx, wewfbœ
`„wó‡Kv‡Y nv`x‡mi †kÖwY web¨vm BZ¨vw` wel‡q cwVZ n‡q _v‡K|
wm‡jevm: we.G Abvm© wØZxq el©, wØZxq †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv
Course Code: IS 222, Course Title: Hadith-I
Course Outline: The outline includes the following: Chapters of knowledge („Ilm), Faith
(Iman), Oneness of Allah (Towhid), Purity (Taharat), Prayer (Salat), Fasting (Sawm), Charity
(Zakat) and the Pilgrimage (Hajj) etc. The topics have been explained in the study plan with
other remaining chapters.
evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we.G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
(Hadith-I) wk‡ivbv‡g G †Kv‡m© Bjwg nv`x‡mi Bjg, Cgvb, ZvInx`, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ
Ges nv¾ GB 8wU Aa¨vq wewfbœ nv`xm MÖ‡ši mswkøó Aa¨vq †_‡K e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY I wdKnx gvmvBj
Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© Z…Zxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq
Course Code IS 314, Course Title: Hadith – II
Course Outline: The purpose of this course is to enable the student to have thorough knowledge
and clear understanding of Islamic way of life. The course will enlighten them with the
instructions and guidance given to his Ummah by the Prophet (Sm) in his Hadith. The outline
includes the following: Chapters of knowledge (Ilm), Faith (Iman), Oneness of Allah (Towhid),
Purity (Taharat), Prayer (Salat), Fasitng (Sawm), Charity (Zakat) and the Pilgrimage (Hajj), Jihad
etc. The topics have been explained in the study plan with mention of other remaining chapters.
†Kv‡m©i iƒc‡iLv: GB †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ nj wkÿv_x©‡K Bmjvgx RxebhvÎvq cy‡ivcywi Ávb Ges my¯úó
Dcjwã RvMv‡Z mÿg Kiv| G Qvov Zv‡ì‡K nv`x‡mi gva¨‡g bex (mv.) Gi cÖ`Ë wb‡`©kbv Øviv
Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡e| G †Kv‡m© Bjwg nv`x‡mi Bjg, Cgvb, ZvInx`, ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ, mvIg, hvKvZ Ges
nv¾ GB 8wU Aa¨vq wewfbœ nv`xm MÖ‡ši mswkøó Aa¨vq †_‡K e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY I wdKnx gvmvBj Av‡jvPbv
Kiv nq|
275
Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`k

Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`k evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq| 1996 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi
GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| Avïwjqv _vbvi UsMvevwo GjvKvq e½eÜz mo‡K wek¦we`¨vjqwUi ¯vqx K¨v¤úvm
Aew¯Z| wek¦we`¨vjqwUi eZ©gvb DcvPvh© n‡jb cÖ‡dmi W. Aveyj nvmvb gynv¤§` mv‡`K| cÖwZôvbwUi
wkÿv_x©i msL¨v †Zi nvRv‡ii AwaK|89 G wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wm‡jev‡mi AšÍf©y³
nv`xm †Kvm©mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv wb¤œiƒc-
†Kvm© wfwËK cwVZ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 1104- Introduction to Sunnah
The place and importance of Al-Sunnah in Islam; the life of Muhammad as a model for
Muslims and mankind. A correct approach to the study and understanding of Sunnah.
Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`‡ki BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
1104 bs †Kv‡m© (Introduction to Sunnah) wk‡ivbv‡g mybœvn Gi Ae¯vb I ¸iæZ¡, nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.)
Gi Rxeb gymwjg I gvbeZvi Rb¨ Av`k©, mybœvn Aa¨qb, Abymi‡Yi mwVK c_ I c×wZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvwPZ nq|
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 1310: Sciences of the Hadith-I
Meaning and authority of hadith. The sunnah as the second source of Islam. Recording of al-
hadith, Isnad system. The sources of tahammul and ada. The prerequisites of a narrator of
hadith. Classification of hadith in the light of acceptability and unacceptability. Fabrication of
ahadith, its causes, and the means of elimination
1310 bs †Kv‡m© (Sciences of the Hadith-I) wk‡ivbv‡g nv`x‡mi A_© I cÖvgvwYKZv, Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi
wØZxq Drm wn‡m‡e nv`xm, nv`xm msiÿY, nv`xm eY©bv I MÖn‡Yi wewfbœc×wZ, nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì
c~e©kZ©vejx, nv`xm gvKeyj I gvi`y` nIqvi `„wó‡Z Gi †kÖwY web¨vm, nv`xm Rvj KiY; KviY I
Ac‡bv`b BZ¨vw` wel‡q cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 2322: Al-Hadith
A definitive textual study of Kitab al-Ilm, Kitab al-Fitan, Kitab al-Jihad and Kitab al-Munaqib
from Mukhtasar Sahih Bukhari, Muslim and Kitabun Nikah from Meshkat al Masabih. Study and
memoriza-tion of the collection of 40 ahadith by Imam Nawawi.
Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`‡ki BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we. G Abvm© 2q el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
2322 bs †Kv‡m© (Al- Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g wKZveyj Bjg, wdZvb, wRnv`, gvbvwKe Aa¨vq¸‡jv mnxn eyLvix
I gymwjg †_‡K, wKZveyb wbKvn wgkKvZ †_‡K Ges Bgvg beexi 40 nv`xm gyL¯ KiY wm‡jevmf~³|
89 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki
276
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© wØZxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 2324: Studies in Sunnah
Status of sunnah as a source of shari‟ah and a way of life; refutation of allegations made in the
past and present against it: discussions of tendencies of contemporary approaches in the study of
sunnah and so as not to confuse students concerning conicting views that may be raised against
sunnah. Emphasis on anti-sunnah groups in different countries. Critical and analytical
methodology shall be used in teaching this course.
2324 bs †Kv‡m© (Studies in Sunnah) wk‡ivbv‡g Bmjvgx kixqv‡Z I gvbe Rxe‡b mybœv‡Zi gh©v`v,
mybœvn Gi weiæ‡× AZxZ-eZ©gv‡b DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM Ac‡bv`b, mgmvgwqK Kv‡j mybœvn Aa¨q‡bi cÖwZ
`„wófw½ Av‡jvPbv hv‡Z wkÿv_x©‡ì mybœvi cÖwZ weiƒc g‡bvfve `~i nq, wewfbœ †`‡k mybœvn we‡ivax `j
†gvKv‡ejvq ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv BZ¨vw` wel‡q wb‡q †Kvm©wU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© PZz_© el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 4138: Principles of Living with Sunnah
Obligation of adherence to the Sunnah of the Prophet (s.a.w.) in all spheres of life. Highlights
on the duty of Muslims towards Sunnah. Giving the right approach and essential principles
towards better understanding of Sunnah its application according to the analytical
methodology. Relating Sunnah texts and its objectives with contemporary life.
Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`‡ki BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we. G Abvm© 4_© el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i
4138 bs †Kv‡m© (Principles of Living with Sunnah) wk‡ivbv‡g Rxe‡bi mKj †ÿ‡Î mybœvn †g‡b Pjvi
evaëvaKZv, mybœvn Gi cÖwZ gymwjg‡ì KZ©e¨, we‡kølYvZ¥K c×wZ Abymi‡Y mybœvn Gi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
Av‡iv fvjfv‡e †evSvevi Rb¨ mwVK c×wZ Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq bxwZgvj MÖnY; hv‡Z mybœvn mgmvgwqK
Rxe‡bi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv hvq|
wm‡jevm: Gg.G cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad
evsjv‡`k, XvKv
IS 5415: The Authority of the Sunnah and Method of its Application
Recent challenges to the authority of the Sunnah: The Quran is self-explanatory and does
not need any exotic explication; Limitations of Sunnah: Sunnah is time-place bound and
exhibits local coloring; Sunnah is irrelevant to modern times; Sunnah was not codi ed by the
Prophet(s.a.w.) or the Companions, Sunnah and the Orientalists and their Supporters:
Views of Goldziher, Schacht, Ahmad Amin and Abu Ryyah; the late development of the
Authority of Sunnah, and the role of Imam Sha „i. Critical study of the aforementioned
assertions. The basis of the authority of Sunnah: Finality of the Prophethood, the Ismah of
the Prophet, concept of completion of Deen, the Prophet‟s position as the Mubyyin of the
Quran. Transcendence of the Sunnah. Universality of the Sunnah, normative nature of Sunnah.
Truth about fabrication of the Isnad, criticism of the assertion of absence of textual and internal
criticism of the Sunnah. Norms of textual criticism applied of the views of the Orientalists. The
place of Sunnah in Islam.
Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU Ad evsjv‡`‡ki BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Gg.G cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 5415 bs †Kv‡m©
(The Authority of the Sunnah and Method of its Application) wk‡ivbv‡g mybœvni Gi †kÖô‡Z¡ P¨v‡jÄ:
277
KyiAvb ¯^-e¨vL¨vg~jK Ab¨wKQz w`‡q Gi e¨vL¨vi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB; mybœvn Gi mxgve×Zv: mybœvn ¯vb-mg‡qi
mv‡_ AcÖvmw½K; bex (mv.) ev mvnvexMY, mybœvn I cÖvP¨we` Ges Zv‡ì mg_©‡Mvwô Øviv mybœvn‡K mg_©b Kiv
nqwb; †MvìwRnvi, ¯‥¨vPU, Avng` Avwgb I Avey wiqvi gZvgZ n‡”Q mybœvn A‡bK c‡i msKwjZ n‡q‡Q;
DcwiD³ Dw³¸wji mgv‡jvPbv Aa¨qb; mybœvn Gi †kÖô‡Z¡i wfwË: g~jZ: beyIqv‡Zi P~ovšÍZv, ivm~‡ji BmgZ,
Øxb mgvwßi aviYv, KziAv‡b gyevwq¨b wn‡m‡e bexi Ae¯vb, mybœvn Gi me©RbxbZv, mybœvn Gi Av`wk©K cÖK…wZ;
Bmbv` m¤ú‡K© ev‡bvqU Ges mZ¨ mybœvni cvV¨MZ I Af¨šÍwiY mgv‡jvPbv Ges cÖvP¨we`‡ì gZvgZ LÐb
BZ¨vw` wel‡q `vk©wb `„wófw½‡Z †Kvm© wbg©v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mybœvni †kªôZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU 2001 mv‡j †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq AvBb, 1992 Gi Aax‡b wm‡j‡U cÖwZwôZ nq| W.
ivMxe Avjx 1996 mv‡ji 2 AvMó wkÿv gš¿Yvj‡q GKwU cÖ¯Íve †cÖiY K‡iY| G cÖ¯Ív‡ei mv‡c‡ÿ wkÿv
gš¿Yvjq 2001 mv‡ji 2 AvM÷ wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU ¯vc‡bi Rb¨ P~ovšÍ Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡i| GwU
wm‡j‡Ui cÖ_g †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq| m¤úªwZ wek¦we`¨vjqwU Gi ¯vqx K¨v¤úvm ivwMe bMi, `wÿY myigv,
wm‡jU GjKvq ¯vbvšÍwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡bB wek¦we`¨vjqwUi mg¯Í Kvh©µg Pj‡Q|90
wm‡jevm: we. G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU, wm‡jU
IS 121 Introduction to Al-Hadith
Definition of the Hadith and Sunnah, the place and importance of Hadith in Islam. Meaning
and Authority of the Hadith, Recording, Preserving, Classification, Fabrication, Narrators,
Early, Meadival and latest books of Hadith, Particularly the six sahih and Biographies of their
collectors will cover this course.
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wUi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we.G Abvm© cÖ_g el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 121 bs †Kv‡m©i
(Introduction to Al-Hadith) wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡q nv`xm I mybœvn Gi cwiPq, Bmjv‡g nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡,
nv`xm msiÿY, msKjb, nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm Rvj KiY I RvjKvixMY, nv`x‡mi Dci msKwjZ
cÖ_g, ga¨ I AvaywbK hy‡M msKwjZ nv`xmMÖšmg~n; we‡klZ: wmnvn wmËvn MÖšmg~n I MÖšvKvi‡ì Rxebx
cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wm‡jevm: we.G Abvm© Z…Zxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU, wm‡jU
IS 321 Hadith-1
Studies of Hadiths dealing with dogma and Ibadat. Reference will be given to the following
topics: Chapter of Iman, Taharat (purity), Parayer(salat), Fasitng (sawm), Zakat and the
pilgrimage (Hajj) from the Mishkat al-Masabih, Riyadussaleheen, Tirmizee etc.
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wUi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we. G Abvm© 3q el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 321 bs †Kv‡m©i
(Hadith-1) wk‡ivbv‡g wgkvKvZzj gvmvexn, wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb I wZiwghx kixd †_‡K ZvnvivZ, mvjvZ,
mvIg, hvKvZ I n¾ Aa¨vq †_‡K wbe©vwPZ Aa¨v‡qi nv`xm cvV¨ wn‡m‡e wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wm‡jevm: we.G Abvm© Z…Zxq el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU, wm‡jU
IS 331 Hadith-II
Studies of Hadiths-dealing with Mu'amalat and Jinayat; Mu'amalat-a study of Hadiths dealing
with such matters as trade and commerce, and (al-bay) contract of sale, court decision on prof
provided by the plaintiff and requiring the defendant to give a solemn oath, and the share
assigned to in the laws of inheritance. Jinayat-the philosophy of Islamic criminal law, its nature
scope and objectives in accordance with the guidance. Hadiths; classification of crimes in Islam,
i.e. qisashudood and tazir.
278
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wUi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi we. G Abvm© 3q el©, cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 331 bs †Kv‡m©i
(Hadith-II) wk‡ivbv‡g gyAvgvjvZ (eëmv-evwYR¨) I whbvqvZ m¤úwK©Z nv`xm AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
whbvqvZ ev Bmjvgx †d․R`vix AvB‡bi `k©b| Gi cÖK…wZ, D‡Ïk¨ I wb‡`©kvejx m¤úwK©Z nv`xm, Bmjv‡g
Avciv‡ai †kÖwYweb¨vm Z_v wKmvm, û`y`, ZvÕwhi m¤úwK©Z nv`xm|
wm‡jevm: Gg.G cÖ_g †mwg÷vi, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wU, wm‡jU|
IS 513 Introduction to al-Hadith (MA Program)
The place and importance of Al-Hadith in Islam; the life of Muhammad (Sm) as a model for
Muslims and mankind. A correct approach to the study and understanding of Sunnah.
wjwWs BDwbfvwm©wUi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Gg.G cÖ_g †mwg÷v‡i 513 bs †Kv‡m©i [Introduction to
al-Hadith (MA Program)] wk‡ivbv‡g Bmjv‡g nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I Ae¯vb; nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Rxeb
gymwjg Ges gvbe RvZxi Rb¨ Av`k©; mybœvn eySv I Aa¨q‡bi mwVK c_ I c×wZ m¤úwK©Z wel‡q cvV¨
wm‡jevm wn‡m‡e wba©vwiZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G †Kvm©wU Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wUi Gg. G †Kv‡m©i Abyiƒc|
6.1.6 gmwR` wfwËK nv`xm PP©v

AvengvbKvj †_‡K gmwR` wQj Bev`Z Mv‡ni cvkvcvwk Bmjvg cÖPvi I Ávb PP©vi †K›`ªwe›`y| AbymÜv‡b
†`Lv‡M‡Q, eû gynvwÏm, Avwjg-Ijvgv gmwR‡`B nv`xm kv‡¯¿i ìm cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| G QvovI RygAvi
LyZevn, ZvÔwjg-ZiweqvZ, `vimyj nv`xm, mxivZ-Zvdmxi gvnwdj BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g gmwR` wfwËK nv`xm
PP©v n‡q _v‡K| wb‡¤œ gmwR` wfwËK evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi K‡qKwU gva¨g D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
K. RygAvi Lyrevn
evsjv‡`k GKwU gymwjg msL¨vMwiô †`k| G †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi kZKiv 90.4 kZvsk gymwjg|91
evwn¨Kfv‡e gymwjg msL¨vwaK¨ n‡jI ev¯Í‡e ¸YMZ LvwU gymwj‡gi msL¨v ZZ bq| GKRb gywg‡bi Cgvb
Avbvi ci AZ¨vek¨Kxq KvR n‡jv wbqwgZ h_vh_fv‡e mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv; wKš‧ wbqwgZ mvjvZ
Av`vqKvixi msL¨v Lye GKUv †ekx bq| Z‡e G †`‡ki mKj gymwjg wbqwgZ mvjvZ Av`vq bv Ki‡jI
AšÍZ:c‡ÿ RygAvi mvjv‡Z cÖvq mK‡jB Dcw¯Z nIqvi Rb¨ m‡Pó _v‡K| mßv‡ni cÖwZ RygAvevi G
†`‡ki cÖvq wZb jÿ gmwR` Kvbvq Kvbvq c~Y© n‡q hvq| GgbwK KLbI gmwR‡ì Qv‡` wKsev iv¯ÍvqI
mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| eQ‡i 52 mßv‡n cÖvq wZb jÿ gmwR‡ì wg¤î †_‡K Bmjvgx AvKx`v I
Rxeb weavb m¤úwK©Z welq wfwËK KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv gymwjøMY Dc‡fvM K‡ib| GK‡hv‡M mviv
†`‡ki gymwjg Rb‡Mvwô nv`x‡mi evYx Abykxj‡bi me‡P‡q eo cøvUdg© GB RygAvi Lyrev|
L. ZvÔjxg-ZiweqvZ
evsjv‡`‡k gmwR` wfwËK ZvÔwjg-Ziweqv‡Zi me‡P‡q eo msMVb n‡jv ZvejxM RvgvAvZ| wb‡¤œ evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Ae`vb Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-
ZvejxM RvgvqvZ
evsjv‡`‡ki me©mvaviY gvbyl‡K Bmjvgx wkÿv I Avg‡j m¤ú„³ ivLvi †ÿ‡Î `vIqv‡Z Zvejx‡Mi Ae`vb
Ab¯^xKvh©| bvbv ai‡bi mxgve×Zv Ges eûgvwÎK weZK© _vKv m‡Ë¡I me©mvaviY‡K cÖv_wgK ch©v‡qi
Bmjvgx wkÿv`v‡b ZvejxM RvgvAv‡Zi f~wgKv †Kvb fv‡eB Lv‡Uv K‡i †`Lvi AeKvk †bB| wek¦e¨vcx
ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (in.) [1885-1944] fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki KvÜvjvq
†e‡o I‡Vb| g~jZ: gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (in.) Gi wcZv gvIjvbv BmgvCj †gIqvZx‡ì gv‡S ZvejxM
Rvgvqv‡Zi Kv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡ib| Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Zvi eo †Q‡j gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn wcZvi ¯jvwfwl³
91 https://bit.ly/3pq5XrD
279
nb| Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji c‡i gvIjvbv Bwjqvm (in.) `vIqv‡Z Zvejx‡Mi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i QqwU g~jbxwZ92‡K
mvg‡b †i‡L `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri wgkb wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q †èvi j‡ÿ¨ AvcÖvY †Póv Pvjvb| 1938 mv‡j wZwb
†m․w` Avi‡e Mgb K‡ib Ges ZZKvjxb myjZvb RvjvjyÏxb gvwj‡Ki mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i Zvi Kvh©µg
m¤ú‡K© `xN© eY©bv †`b| myjZvb Zvi Kvh©µ‡g m‡šÍvl cÖKvk K‡ib Ges Zv‡K `yB eQi wnhv‡R Ae¯vb
K‡i ZvejxMx KvR Kivi Avnevb Rvbvb| wKš‧ wn›`y¯v‡b Kv‡Ri ÿwZ n‡e Avm¼vq wZwb Rb¥f~wg‡Z wd‡i
G‡m bZzb D`¨‡g Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb AvjxMo, w`jøx, eyj›`kni, KvÜvjv, mvnvivbcyi
cÖf…wZ AÂ‡j `vIqvZx Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| `xN© 18 eQ‡ii w`b-iv‡Zi wbijm Z¨vM Avi cwikÖ‡gi
d‡j Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í c„w_exi wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ Qwo‡q c‡o| GiB g‡a¨ 1944 mv‡ji 12 RyjvB wZwb c„w_ex †Q‡o
P‡j hvb bv †divi †`‡k|
AZtci ZvejxM Rvgv‡Zi 2q Avgxi wbhy³ nb gvIjvbv BDmyd (in.)| Zvi Avg‡j `vIqv‡Z Zvejx‡Mi
KvR fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖwmw× jvf K‡i Ges `‡j `‡j gvbyl `vIqv‡Zi Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM Ki‡Z
_v‡K| wm×všÍ †gvZv‡eK 1946 mv‡j XvKvi ivgbv cvK©msjMœ KvKivBj gmwR‡` cÖ_g BRwZgv AbywôZ
nq| cieZx©‡Z 1948 mv‡j PÆMÖvg I 1958 mv‡j bvivqYM‡Äi wmw×iM‡Ä BRwZgv AbywôZ nq| cÖwZ
eQi Ask †bqv RbZvi msL¨v Am¤¢ MwZ‡Z evo‡Z _vKvq 1966 mv‡j Uw½i ZzivM b`xi Zx‡i wekvj
†Lvjv gv‡V BRwZgv AbywôZ nq| G eQiB we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k †_‡K eû †jvK AskMÖnY Kivq wek¦BRwZgv
bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Gi avivevwnKZvq A`¨vewa GKB ¯v‡b wek¦ BRwZgv AbywôZ n‡”Q| cÖwZ eQi
G mgv‡ek †_‡K †`‡k-we‡`‡k GK wPjøv (40w`b), wZb wPjøv (120w`b), Qqgvm I GK eQ‡ii Rb¨
K‡qK nvRvi RvgvZ `vIqvZ I Zvejx‡Mi †gnb‡Zi Kv‡R 14 wKsev 15 R‡bi GK GKwU RvgvZ ev
`j †ei nq| Gfv‡e GK‡hv‡M mviv we‡k¦i gmwR` ‡Kw›`ªK me©e„nr msMVb wn‡m‡e ZvejxM RvgvZ KvR
K‡i hv‡”Q|
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq wZb jÿ¨ gmwR‡` Kg‡ekx Zvejx‡Mi Kg©m~Px Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì msMV‡bi g~j MÖš
n‡”Q, dvhv‡q‡j Avgj hv g~jZ: nv`xm wfwËK ZvejxMx wbmve wn‡m‡e †jLv n‡q‡Q| hvi msKjK fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ nv`xm wekvi` kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv hvKvwiq¨v KvÜvjfx (in.)| G MÖšwU‡K wZwb
QqwU As‡k web¨vm K‡i‡Qb| h_v: 1. dvhv‡q‡j ZvejxM; 2. dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh; 3. dvhv‡q‡j KziAvb; 4.
dvhv‡q‡j igvRvb; 5. dvhv‡q‡j wRKi; 6. †nKv‡q‡Z mvnvev; G Qvov i‡q‡Q dhv‡q‡j mv`vKvZ I
dvhv‡q‡j n¾ BZ¨vw`| G MÖšwU ZvejxM Rvgv‡Zi mvsMVwbK PvwjKv kw³| ZvB ZvejxMx †jvKRb Zv‡ì
cÖvZ¨wnK Kg©ZvwjKvq m‡e©v”P ¸iæ‡Z¡imv‡_ dRi, Avmi I Bkvi mvjv‡Zi c‡i mvgwóKfv‡e Aa¨qb K‡i
_v‡Kb| msL¨v ZvwË¡K M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, evsjv‡`‡k gmwR` wfwËK evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq ZvejxM
Rvgv‡Zi Ae`vb mev©waK| hwÌ D³ MÖ‡ši †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡mi gvb wb‡q †KD †KD cÖkœ Zz‡j‡Qb| Zv‡ì
Rev‡e Abïv e‡j‡Qb, hCd ev `~e©j nv`xm dvRv‡ji †ÿ‡Î AwaKvsk gynvwÏmx‡bi g‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨|
M. mxivZ-gvnwdj
mvaviYZ: cÖwZ eQi iweDj AvIqvj gv‡mi AvMg‡b bex‡cÖwgK RbZvi gv‡S bexi (mv.) Rb¥-Rxebx
Rvbevi AvMÖn jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| mviv †`‡ki gmwR`¸‡jv‡ZB Pj‡Z _v‡K DrmegyLi Av‡qvRb| ZvB †`Lv
hvq, †Kvb gmwR‡` 63w`b, Avevi †Kvb gmwR‡` gvme¨vwc ev cÿKvj Ry‡o wKsev mvZw`b, cvuPw`b, wZb
w`b BZ¨vw` wewfbœ †gqv‡` bex (mv.) Gi Rb¥e„ËvšÍ I mxiv‡Zi Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z _v‡K| D‡jøL¨, bex (mv.)
RxebvPv‡ii mgwóB †h‡nZy nv`xm ZvB G gvnwdj¸‡jv‡Z g~jZ: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vB n‡q _v‡K
ej‡j A‡h․w³K n‡e bv| Z‡e G †ÿ‡Î †Kvb †Kvb Av‡jvPK Amgw_©Z I m~Îwenxb A‡bK Avlv‡p Mí
Pvwj‡q †`b; hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ mnxn m~‡Î ewY©Z nv`x‡m Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
92 ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi g~jbxwZ QqwU| h_v: 1. Kv‡jgv, 2. bvgvR, 3. Bjg I whKi, 4. BKivgyj gymwjgxb, 5. mnxn wbqZ, 6.
`vIqvZ I ZvejxM
280
N. Zvdmxi gvnwdj
gmwR`wfwËK Zvdmxi gvnwdj cwiPvjbv G †`‡ki gmwR`¸‡jvi GKwU HwZn¨| we‡klZ: kni †Kw›`ªK
gmwR`¸‡jv‡Z mvßwnK ev cvwÿK Zvdmxi gvnwdj AbywôZ n‡q _v‡K| †hLv‡b mswkøó gmwR‡ì Bgvg ev
LZxe wKsev Avgwš¿Z AvwjgMY KZ©„K KziAvb gvRx‡ì Zvdmxi Z_v nv`xm PP©v n‡q _v‡K| Gme
Zvdmxi gvnwdj¸‡jvi Avi GKwU we‡kl •ewkó¨ n‡jv Zv cweÎ KziAv‡bi avivevwnKfv‡e Zvdmxi
miveQi Pj‡Z _v‡K| G QvovI Avevi KLbI gmwR` KwgwU KZ©„K wekvj Av‡qvR‡b e„nËi cwim‡i eQ‡i
GK ev GKvwaK IqvR-gvnwd‡ji Av‡qvRb Kiv nq, †hLv‡b cÖPzi †jvKmgvMg N‡U Ges Zviv KziAvb-
nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv ï‡b `ywbqv-AvwLiv‡Zi Kj¨vY-AKj¨vYKi wel‡q m‡PZb n‡Z cv‡ib|
6.1.7 LvbKv wfwËK nv`xm PP©v
evsjv‡`‡ki †hmKj LvbKv ev ìev‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm kv‡¯¿i PP©v n‡q _v‡K Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwm×
K‡qKwU LvbKv ev ìev‡ii nv`xm PP©v Kvh©µg wb‡¤œ Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-
1. QviQxbv ìev‡ii LvbKv
wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi †bQvivev` _vbvi DËi cv‡k cyY¨f~wg QviQxbv MÖv‡gi m¤£všÍ AvK›` cwiev‡i 1873 wLª.
gnvb ms¯‥viK, QviQxbv ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv kvn m~dx gvIjvbv †bQviæÏx Avngv` (in.) Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
wZwb gv`vix cyy‡ii GKwU gvìvmv †_‡K cÖv_wg wkÿv mgvß K‡ib| AZtci wZwb XvKvi nv¤§vw`qv
gvìvmvq Aa¨qb Kivi c‡i wZwb KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| c‡i wZwb ûMjx gynwmwbqv
gvìvmv †_‡K e„wËmn RvgvAv‡Z Djv cvm K‡ib| 1895 mv‡j wZwb dzidziv kix‡di cxi nhiZ Avey
eKi wmwÏKx Avj-KzivBkxi (in.) nv‡Z evqvZ nb Ges cieZx©‡Z Zvi KvQ †_‡K wLjdvZ cÖvß nb|
1905 mv‡j wZwb †`‡k wd‡i GK Lvbv †MvjcvZvi †`vPvjv Ni wbg©vY K‡i GK cv‡k LvbKvn Ges Aci
cv‡k gymvwdiLvbvi Kv‡R eënvi ïiæ K‡ib| 1912 mv‡j wbRevox‡Z wZwb Avwjqv avivi GKwU gvìvmv
wbg©vb K‡ib| †hLvb †_‡K AMwYZ gynvwÏm m„wó n‡q‡Q, hviv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v I we¯Ív‡i ïay
evsjv‡`k bq; cy‡iv wek¦ e¨vcx cÖwmw× AR©b K‡i‡Q| G Qvov wZwb evsjv fvlvq N‡i N‡i KziAvb-nv`x‡mi
evYx †cu․‡Q †`qvi j‡ÿ 1949 mv‡j cvwÿK ZvejxM cwÎKv Pvjy K‡ib| ZrKv‡j wZwb QviQxbv ìev‡i
wekvj KzZzeLvbv ev jvB‡eªwi cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zvi RxeÏkvq ÒZixKzj BmjvgÓ bv‡g evsjv fvlvq
Z_¨wfwËK 11 L‡Ði wekvj wdKn MÖš iPbv K‡ib| 1952 mv‡j G gnvgbxlx gnvb i‡ei mvwb©‡a¨ P‡j
hvb| Zvi cieZx© DËim~ixMY Zvi Abym„Z gZ I c‡_ ¯xi _v‡Kb| ZvB G ìev‡ii cÿ †_‡K Zvdmx‡i
†bQvix, d‡Zvqv wmwÏKxqv, Ihxdv‡q mv‡jnxb, wgnvRyj Dmyj mn QviQxbv cÖKvkbxi gva¨‡g G hver
KziAvb-nv`xm wel‡q AMwYZ MÖš cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
2. Pi‡gvbvB ìev‡ii LvbKv
gvIjvbv •mq` gynv¤§` BmnvK (in.) [g„.1973 wLª.]; whwb Pi‡gvbvB ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv| wZwb ewikv‡ji
DcK‡É KxZ©b‡Lvjv b`xi c~e©cv‡o, cïixKvwV MÖv‡gi myweL¨vZ •mq` cwiev‡i 1906 wLª. †gvZv‡eK evsjv
1313 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv •mq` Avg‡R` Avjx| wZwb wPkwZqv mvwewiqv Bg`vw`qv iwkw`qv
ZwiKvi kvqL wQ‡jb|93 Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Zvi †Q‡j gvIjvbv •mq` gynv¤§` dRjyj Kixg94 (in.) Zvi
¯jvwfwl³ nb| 1933 mv‡j nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©vi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvIjvbv •mq` gynv¤§` BmnvK (in.) Pi‡gvbvB
ikxw`qv Kvwgj gvìvmv Ges 1983 mv‡j gvIjvbv •mq` gynv¤§` dRjyj Kixg Pi‡gvbvB ikxw`qv KIwgqv
gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib| G Qvov ÔAvj-KvixgÕ bv‡g GKwU gvwmK Bmjvgx cwÎKv †ei nq; †hLv‡b ì‡m
nv`xm Kjv‡gi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v nq| eZ©gvb cxi gydwZ •mq` gynv¤§` †iRvDj Kixg| Zv‡ì
93 †g․jfx †gvnv¤§` BDbym wgqv, gvIjvbv mvB‡q¨` †gvnv¤§` GQnvK (i) Gi mswÿß Rxebx, XvKv: gvngy` cvewj‡KkÝ, Zvwe, c„.7-8
94 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDmyd Avjx Lvb, gvIjvbv mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` dRjyj Kixg (i) Gi Rxebx, XvKv: gyRvwn` cÖKvkbx, Zvwe, c„.68
281
ZwiKvi gyix`v‡bi msMV‡bi bvg evsjv‡`k gyRvwn` KwgwU| mvsMVwbKfv‡e cxi mv‡ne‡K ÔAvwgiæj
gyRvwn`xbÕ ejv nq| mviv evsjv‡`k gyRvnx` KwgwUi jÿ¨ jÿ¨ gyRvwn` mvßvwnK, gvwmK ZvÔwjg I
nvjKv‡q whK‡ii gRwj‡m Òdvhv‡q‡j ZvÔjxgÓ bvgK evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ nv`xm MÖšwU cwVZ nq|
MÖš’ : dvhv‡q‡j ZvÔjxg
MÖšKvi : nv‡dR gvIjvbv gydZx Ave`yi ingvb AvRv`, wmwbqi wkÿK, RvwgqvZzj Av‡bvqvi, XvKv|
cÖKvkbvq : gyRvwn` cÖKvkbx, 5/1/3, wmgb †ivW, mìNvU, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : †deªæqvix 2016 wLª.,g~j¨
: 500 UvKv, c„ôv msL¨v : 956wU|
ch©v‡jvPbv : MÖšwU‡Z cuvPwU Aa¨vq i‡q‡Q| Avgxiæj gyRvwn`xb AvjnvR¡ nhiZ gvIjvbv gydwZ •mq`
†gvnv¤§` †iRvDj Kwig cxi mv‡ne Pi‡gvbvB Gi AwfgZ w`‡q ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb Zvi e³‡e¨
wRKiæjøvni ¸iæZ¡ cÖm‡½ AwfgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| AZtci cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q dvhv‡q‡j Kvwjgv I whwKi cÖm‡½
AvUwU cwi‡”Q‡` †g․wLK whK‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ Bev`‡Z Avjøvni ¯§iY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avjøvni c‡_ gvbyl‡ì‡K `vIqvZ `vb cÖm‡½ wZbwU cwi‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g `vIqv‡Zi †K․kj
ivm~j (mv.) Gi beyqvZx Rxe‡bi `vIqv‡Zi gg©¯úkx© Kvwnbx I mvnvev wKiv‡gi Z¨v‡Mi NUbv mg~n wee„Z
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q dvhv‡q‡j ZvÔjxg ev ÁvbvR©‡bi dwhjZ cÖm‡½ mvZwU cwi‡”Q‡ì g‡a¨ Bjwg `xb
AR©b, KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi dhxjZ, bvgvR gvmbyb `yÔAv I Ab¨vb¨ Riæix wKQz gvmvBj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 4_© Aa¨v‡q AvZ¥ïw×i ¸iæZ¡ ev AšÍ‡ii †iv‡Mi wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© eviwU cwi‡”Q‡` gvbe Pwi‡Îi
fvj-g›` w`K wb‡q KziAvb nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q| G Qvov Avjøvni eÜz nIqvi Dcvq Ges
evBqvZ nIqvi kiC weavb wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q wRnv‡ì dwhjZ cÖm‡½ wZbwU cwi‡”Q‡`
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, MÖšwUi cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z mswkøó KziAv‡bi AvqvZ¸‡jv
e½vbyev` mn DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci cÖwZwU cwi‡”Q‡ì Dci welqwfwËK nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` Ges Zvi
D×…wZ †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm MÖ‡š we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q Zvi Z_¨myÎ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖšwU PigbvB cšx‡ì
g‡a¨ cwVZ RbwcÖq nv`xm wfwËK ZvÔjx‡gi wKZve wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
3. dzjZjx LvbKv
cÖL¨vZ Avwjg, nv`xmwekvi`, Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j bÿÎ gvIjvbv †gvt Avãyj jwZd †P․ayix (1913-
2008) wm‡jU †Rjvi RwKMÄ _vbaxb dzjZjx Awaevmx wQ‡jb| wZwb dzjZjxi cxi bv‡g mgwaK
cwiwPZ| †R․bcyix wmjwmjvi GKRb cÖL¨vZ kvqL wn‡m‡e Zvi e¨vcK cwiwPwZ I mybvg i‡q‡Q| my`xN©
cÖvq mËzi eQi hver AvÄvg †`qv `x‡bi eûgyLx wL`gZB Zvi cÖwmw×i Ab¨Zg KviY| wZwb `xN© `keQi
eìcyi I MvQevwo Avwjqv gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e eyLvix, bvmvC, wZiwghx, Avey `vD` BZ¨vw`
wKZv‡ei cvV`vb K‡i‡Qb|95 G QvovI †`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb A‡bK nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª| Bjwg
wKivZ PP©vq Zvi i‡q‡Q Abb¨ Ae`vb| MÖš iPbvqI wZwb wQ‡jb wm×n¯Í| KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Zvi
iwPZ 08wU MÖš cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov eZ©gvb cxi gvIjvbv Bgv` DÏxb †P․ay ix dzjZjxI iPbv
K‡i‡Qb 17wU MÖš| Zb¥‡a¨ Pwjøk nv`xm, Bgvg eyLvix (in.), whqvDb bex (mv.) I ivnMx‡i g`xbv
gybvIqviv nv`xm welqK MÖš| G LvbKvi i‡q‡Q eûwe` nv`xm welK wL`gZ|
4. b~icyi ìevi
XvKv †Rjvi K`gZjx _vbvaxb `wÿY `wbqvi b~icyi¯ ÒZ¡ixKv‡q g`xbv RvgvqvZÓ ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv
kvqL gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ûgvq~b Kwei Lvb| j²xcyi †Rjvi ivgMÄ _vbvq wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb
Kvwgj nv`xm wefvM †_‡K K„wZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| G Qvov wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefvM †_‡K
cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z weG (m¤§vb) Ges GgG wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
95 Avngv` nvmvb †P․ayix, nhiZ Avjøvgv †gvt Avãyj jwZd †P․ayix (in.), XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, 2018wLª., c„.44
282
b~icyi ìev‡ii cxi gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ûgvq~b Kwei Lvb iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xm wfwËK K‡qKwU MÖ‡ši
ch©v‡jvPbv wb¤œiƒc-
K. kqZv‡bi †gvKv‡ejv Ges Avjøvn cÖvwßi Dcvq
KyiAvb-mybœvni Av‡jv‡K kqZv‡bi Kzgš¿bv I AšÍ‡ii weeiY, kqZv‡bi Kzgš¿Yv †_‡K iÿv I AvZ¥ïw×i
Dcvq we‡kølY, Bjwg gvwidv‡Zi cÖK…Z msÁv, kixqZ I gv‡idv‡Zi cv_©K¨ Ges AR©‡bi Dcvq, n°vbx
cx‡ii cwiPq, †hvM¨Zv I gvcKvwV, ZvIqv¾y‡ni cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I DcKvwiZv, Kvjex whKi Rvwi
nIqv †_‡K evKv wejøvn ch©šÍ me‡Ki weeiY Ges wcÖq bexi (mv.) whqviZ I Avjøvn ZvÔqvjvi `x`vi
jv‡fi Dcvq BZ¨vw` gvwidvZ ZË¡ wel‡q nv`x‡mi m~Îmn we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
L. gvbvwmKzj nv¾ Iqvj Dgivn
nv`xm kix‡di Av‡jv‡K n¾, Dgiv, Bnivg, evqZzjøvn ZvIqv‡di dvhvwqj Ges n‡¾i dih, IqvwRe I
Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ gvmvwqj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G Qvov g`xbv gybvIqviv I iIRv gyevivK whqvi‡Zi
Avèmg~n we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
M. Bj‡g Øxb wkÿv I Avwj‡gi dRxjZ
Bjwg Øx‡bi dwhjZ m¤úwK©Z `yj©f nv`xm msKjb, Avwj‡g `x‡bi dwhjZ, `ywbqv`vi Avwj‡gi ciKvjxb
cwiYwZ, Pwjøk Lvbv nv`xm gyL¯ Kivi ¸iæZ¡ I dwhjZ, Bjwg `xb wkÿv bv Kivi cwiYwZ m¤úwK©Z
nv`xm mgvnvi Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
N. Kvbhyj Av`ve Iqvj Avgvj
nv`xm †gvZv‡eK mKvj-mÜ¨vi Awhdv, KziAvb I nv`x‡m ewY©Z `yÔAv-gybvRvZ, gnvbex (mv.) Gi IwmqvZ
BZ¨vw` wel‡q nv`x‡mi m~Îmn Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
O. IqwRdvZzm mybvb
GwU KziAvb I nv`x‡m ewY©Z whKi I `yÔAvi fvÐvi| †jL‡Ki ÒdvRvwqjy Avdhvwjh whKwi Iqvm
mvjvIqvZÓ MÖ‡š nv`xm wfwËK dhxjZ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
P. dvhv‡qjym mvnvev Iqv Avnwjj evBZ
weï× nv`x‡mi mgvnvi, Lyjvdv ivwk`x‡bi dvhvBj, me©‡kªô mvnvexi gh©v`v wba©viY, Avn‡j evBZM‡Yi dvhvBj,
mvnvev wKiv‡gi cÖwZ fvjevmvi DcKvwiZv Ges we‡Øl †cvl‡Yi Kzd‡ji weeiY, mvnvev wKiv‡gi gh©v`v we‡kølY
I Zv‡ì cÖwZ mwVK AvwK`vi weeiY BZ¨vw` wel‡q nv`x‡mi m~Îmn we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Q. LvwRbvZzj Rvbœvn Iqv bvRvwZj AvwLivn
MÖšKvi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †_‡K ewY©Z †h mKj nv`x‡m RvbœvZ Avek¨K nIqv I Rvnvbœvg nvivg nIqvi
e¨vcv‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †m mKj nv`x‡mi mgš^‡q GB MÖš iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb: RvbœvZ IqvwRe nIqvi
Avgj, webv wn‡m‡e Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki Avgj, Rvbœv‡Zi mKj ìRv Db¥y³ _vKvi Avgj, AvwLiv‡Z
bexM‡Yi mv_x nIqvi Avgj, Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b nvivg nIqvi Avgj, Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b ¯úk© bv Kivi
Avgj, m`¨cÖmyZ wkïi gZ wb¯úvc nIqvi Avgj, Avi‡ki Qvqvi wb‡P ¯vb cvIqvi Avgj, Av‡M-c‡ii
¸bvnmg~n ÿgv jv‡fi Avgj, knx‡ì gh©v`v jv‡fi Avgj, Ke‡ii Avhve gv‡di Avgj, kvdvÔAvZ
IqvwRe nIqvi Avgj BZ¨vw` wel‡q nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q|
R. dvRvwqjy Avdhvwjh whKwi Iqvm mvjvIqvZ
KziAvb nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K †kÖô whKi I ìƒ` kix‡di dvhvwqj, mKvj mÜ¨v, dRi I gvMwie ev`, dih
mvjvZ †k‡l I Nygv‡bvi c~‡e© Ges •`bw›`b Avgj, RygyAvmn wewfbœ wè‡m cwVZ nv`xm kix‡di Av‡jv‡K
`yj©f I †kÖô Zvmexn, `yAv, whKi wZjvIqvZ I ìƒ` kix‡di GKwU AmvaviY msKjb|
283
S. Zvwjgym mvjvIqvZ
mwPÎ mvjv‡Zi mybœvn c×wZ KziAvb-mybœvn-wdK‡ni `„wó‡Z my²vwZmy² we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q, bvix‡ì
mvjv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY, bdj mvjv‡Zi gvmvBj, mvjv‡Zi mdjZv I Keywjqv‡Zi Dcvq we‡kølY
Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
T. wgkKvZzm mybvb Iqvj Avgvj
G MÖ‡š ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi mybœv‡Zi we¯ÍvwiZ `jxjwfwËK msKjb, Bw¯ÍÄv, wgmIqvK, Ahy, †Mvmj,
Zvqv¤§yg, cvm-cweÎZvi gvmvBj, N‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv, cvbvnvi Kiv, †cvkvKcwiavb I eëüZ mvgMÖxi mybœvZ,
Pjv‡div, mvjvg wewbgq, gymvdvnv, K_vevZ©v, DVvemv, mdi, gvRwjk, gmwR‡ì Avè, weevnkv`x,
eëmvevwYR¨ BZ¨vw` gyAvgvjv‡Zi hveZxq ixwZ I c×wZ mybœvn wfwËK ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G QvovI Av‡iv wKQz
MÖš i‡q‡Q| †h MÖš¸‡jv ÔZixKvq g`xbv RvgvZÕ Gi f³-gyix`MY †hfv‡e PP©v K‡ib Abyiƒcfv‡e mvaviY
gymwjgMYI G¸‡jv †_‡K DcK…Z n‡q _v‡Kb| AZGe ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, G ìevi evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vq Cl©Yxq Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q| G QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK LvbKv i‡q‡Q; †hLv‡b nv`xm kv‡¯¿i PP©v
n‡”Q| ev‡RU, Rbej I mg‡qi Afv‡e me¸‡jvi Z_¨ D×vi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|
6.2 wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v
evsjv fvlvq wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PPv© n‡q _v‡K| Zb¥‡a¨ wcÖ›U wgwWqv Z_v cÎ-cwÎKv, mvgwqKx
Ges B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv Z_v miKvwi-‡emiKvwi †eZvi-†Uwjwfkb, A¨vcwj‡Kkb wfwËK nv`xm PP©v,
I‡qe mvBU I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g BZ¨vw` cÖPvi gva¨g †Kw›`ªK evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v n‡q _v‡K|
wb‡¤œ G m¤úwK©Z ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
6.2.1 wcÖ›U wgwWqv: [cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKx]
evsjv‡`k †_‡K evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ RvZxq •`wbK, lvY¥gvwmK, gvwmK I M‡elYv cwÎKv Ges wewfbœ
¯§viK-mvgwqKx‡Z nv`xm PP©v welqK ch©v‡jvPbv I Ae`vb kxl©K Av‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
K. •`wbK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v
G hver evsjv‡`k †_‡K evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ RvZxq •`wb‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aib I cÖK…wZ
ch©v‡jvPbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
•`wbK B‡ËdvK
‣`wbK B‡ËdvK evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg •`wbKcwÎKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| GwU GKwU mvßvwnK cwÎKv wn‡m‡e
1953 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤î †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx| hwÌ
gvIjvbv fvmvbx I Bqvi Lv‡bi nvZ a‡i m~Pbv nq Gi c_Pjv wKš‧ Zviv `yÕRbB ivRbxwZ‡Z mwµq _vKvq,
†Zvdv‡¾j †nv‡mb gvwbK wgTv‡K m¤úv`K wb‡qvM Kiv nq| Zvi g„Zzï ci `yB †Q‡j gBbyj †nv‡mb I
Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb gÄy eë¯vcbvi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Gi m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb
Zvmwgbv †nv‡mb|96 G cwÎKvq cÖwZ ïµevi `kg c„ôvq ÒBmjvgx RxebÓ kxl©K cvZvq KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK
mg‡qvc‡hvMx cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq; hvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPvi-cÖmvi n‡”Q|
•`wbK BbwKjve
evsjv‡`k RwgqvZzj †gv`vi‡imx‡bi gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e 1986 mv‡ji 4 Ryb ‣`wbK BbwKjve cwÎKvwU cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖwZôvZv Gg.G. gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb cÖ_g cÖKvk‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b
Zvi cyÎ G.Gg. Gg evnvDwÏb m¤úv`K Gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| G cwÎKvwU‡Z wbqwgZ evsjv‡`k,
gnvbMi, cÖwZw`b, AvšÍR©vwZK, Bmjvgx Rxeb, Af¨šÍixY, we‡bv`b cÖwZw`b, eëmv-evwYR¨, †Ljvayjv
284
welqK Lei cÖKvwkZ nq|97 we‡klZ: G‡Z cÖwZ ïµevi Aóg c„ôvq ÒBmjvgx RxebÓ Ges beg c„ôvq
Òag© `k©bÓ kxl©K cvZvq KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK mg‡qvc‡hvMx cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq
wkÿvwe`, Ijvgv I Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡M‡Yi wjLbxi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v K‡i hv‡”Q cwÎKvwU|
Gfv‡e cwÎKvwU my`xN© 35 eQi hver evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
‣`wbK hyMvšÍi
evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ Ô‣`wbK hyMvšÍiÕ evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU •`wbK cwÎKv| 1999 mv‡ji 1
†d«eªæqvix cwÎKvwU cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ n‡jI Zv e¨vcK nv‡i 2000 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvix †`‡ki L¨vZbvgv
mvsevw`K †Mvjvg mviIqv‡ii m¤úv`bvq hgybMÖæc KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| Òm‡Zï mÜv‡b wbfx©KÓ
†køvMvb wb‡q hyMvšÍi cwÎKvwU cÖvq `yB hyM cvi Ki‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Gi cÖKvkK mvjgv Bmjvg Ges m¤úv`K
c‡` i‡q‡Qb Rbve mvBdzj Avjg|98 G cwÎKvq cÖwZ ïµevi cÂg c„ôvq ÒBmjvg I RxebÓ kxl©K
cvZvq KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g Bmjvg cÖPv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
•`wbK bqv w`MšÍ
evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg GKwU RvZxq msev`cÎ ‣`wbK bqv w`MšÍ| 2004 mv‡j w`MšÍ wgwWqv K‡c©v‡ikb
KZ©„K cÖ_g GwU cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K AvjgMxi gwnDwÏb| eZ©gvb fvicÖvß m¤úv`K
mvsevw`K I Kjvwg÷ mvjvn DwÏb evei| cwÎKvwU mvK©y‡jk‡bi w`K †_‡K Z…Zxq ¯v‡b i‡q‡Q|99 G
cwÎKvq cÖwZw`b Z…Zxq cvZvq Òw`MšÍ Bmjvgx RxebÓ kxl©K cvZvq KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK mg‡qvc‡hvMx
cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| Gi gva¨‡g cwÎKvwU evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i hv‡”Q|
‣`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv
1998 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤î •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq me©vwaK
cÖPvwiZ •`wbK msev`cÎ| cwÎKvwU Qq i‡O gyw`ªZ| mvsevw`K I ivRbxwZwe` gwZDi ingvb G cwÎKvwUi
cÖwZôvZv m¤úv`K| 2008 mvj †_‡K wZwb G cwÎKvwUi cÖKvkK wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| 100 G
cwÎKvq cÖwZ ïµevi mg‡qi †cÖwÿZ KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK GKwU Dc-m¤úv`Kxq Qvcv nq| G Qvov
cwÎKvi Ab¨‡Kvb c„ôvq KL‡bv Bmjvgx fveavivi †Kvb †jLv Qvcv nq bv|
evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b
evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwaK cÖPvwiZ GKwU •`wbK msev`cÎ| 2010 mv‡j •`wbK evsjv‡`k
cÖwZw`b Gi c_Pjv ïiæ nq| bCg wbRvg m¤úvw`Z Ges gqbvj †nv‡mb †P․ayix KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nq G
cwÎKvwU| GwU 8wU Kjv‡g Ges Pvi i‡O gyw`ªZ nq| cwÎKvwUi wbqwgZ c„ôv msL¨v 12| eZ©gv‡b Gi
cÖPvi msL¨v mv‡o cuvP jv‡LiI †ewk|101 G cwÎKvq cÖwZw`b KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK mg‡qvc‡hvMx GKwU
K‡i cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| G QvovI cÖwZ ïµevi ÒiKgvixÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ Bmy¨‡Z
KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK GKwU we‡kl cvZv Qvcv nq; hvi gva¨‡g cwÎKvwU evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPvi-
cÖmv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
•`wbK Kv‡ji KÚ
‣`wbK Kv‡ji KÚ evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU •`wbK cwÎKv| 2010 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi Av‡e` Lv‡bi m¤úv`bvq
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| eZ©gv‡b m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb wewkó K_v mvwnwZ¨K Bg`v`yj nK wgjb|
•`wbK Kv‡ji K‡Úi wbqwgZ Av‡qvR‡b i‡q‡Q Lei, wkí, evwYR¨, †Ljv, cov‡jLv, m¤úv`Kxq, gy³aviv,
285
†`‡k †`‡k wcÖq †`k|102 G cwÎKvq cÖwZw`b `kg cvZvq ÒBmjvgx RxebÓ kxl©K cvZvq RvZxq I
AvšÍR©vwZK wewfbœ Bmy¨‡Z KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wb‡`©kbvg~jK mg‡qvc‡hvMx cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| †`‡ki
kxl©¯vbxq Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡M‡Yi wjLbxi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v K‡i hv‡”Q cwÎKvwU|
•`wbK Av‡jvwKZ evsjv‡`k
Av‡jvwKZ evsjv‡`k ivRavbx XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nIqv GKwU RvZxq •`wbK| GwU 2013 mvj †_‡K
wbqwgZfv‡e Av‡jvwKZ wgwWqv wjwg‡UW KZ©„K eªWwkU I AbjvBb ms¯‥iY AvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
2018 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gvm ch©šÍ Z_¨ gš¿Yvj‡qi cÖ`Ë eûj cÖPwjZ cwÎKvi ZvwjKvq Av‡jvwKZ
evsjv‡`k †`‡ki 10g kxl© ¯vbxq cwÎKv wn‡m‡e ¯vb K‡i †bq| cwÎKvwUi wbqwgZ Av‡qvR‡b Av‡Q-
Bmjvg, wdPvi, †¯úkvj, wjW wbDR|103
L. mvßvwnK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v
mvßvwnK ZvbRxg: Rwgqv‡Z Ijvgv‡q Bmjv‡gÕi QvÎ d«‡›Ui gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e 1949 wLªóv‡ã †gvnv¤§`
†njvj DwÏb I †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi iwng Gi m¤úv`bvq ÒmvßvwnK ZvbRxgÓ †gvt †njvj DÏxb KZ©„K
Bmjvwgqv wcÖw›Us IqvK©m jvBb †ivW, PKevRvi, ewikvj †_‡K gyw`ªZ I Gev`yjøvn gvmwR` †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
nq| cwÎKvwUi 1g e‡l©i 1g msL¨vq D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv nq ÒBmjv‡gi †g․wjK `vIqvZ‡K gvby‡li Kv‡b
Kv‡b †c․uQvb, Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k© mgvR I ivóª MVb Kiv Ges mgMÖ c„w_ex‡Z GK weivU Bmjvgx wecøe m„wói
j‡ÿ¨ †Póv Pvjv‡bvB ZvbRx‡gi fwel¨r Kg©m~Px| 104 G cwÎKvq wbqwgZ KziAvb nv`xm wfwËK †jLv
cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv|
mvßvwnK Rvnv‡b bI: gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg 1956 wLóv‡ãi gvP© gv‡m ÔmvßvwnK Rvnv‡b bIÕ cÖKvk
K‡ib| GwU G‡`‡ki Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g RvZxq gyLcÎ| mvßvwnK Rvnv‡b bI ïay Bmjvgx
Av‡›`vj‡bi gyLcÎ wQj bv eis ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msev`c‡Îi BwZnvm GK wewkó Avmb `Lj
K‡i Av‡Q| G‡Z Bmjvgx wkÿv-ms¯‥„wZ Z_v KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK we‡kl msL¨v cÖKvk Kivi gva¨‡g
Bmjvgx wPšÍv-‡PZbvi ewntcÖKvk NwU‡q‡Qb|105
mvßvwnK AvivdvZ: 1957 wLªóv‡ã gvIjvbv Avãyjøv‡nj Kvdx Avj-Kziv‡qkxi m¤úv`bvq 86 bs KvRx
AvjvDwÏb †ivW, XvKv †_‡K ÔmvßvwnK AvivdvZÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| G cwÎKvq c~Y©v½ Bmjvg Z_v KziAvb-
nv`xm‡K `„piƒ‡c avi‡Yi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ZvB ÒmvßvwnK AvivdvZÓ eûav wef³ gymwjg mgv‡Ri
HK¨ I msnwZi cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i KziAvb I mybœv‡ni w`‡K gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvq|106 eZ©gv‡b
Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` iCmyÏx‡bi m¤úv`bvq cwÎKvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ
cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq we‡lkZ: Ônv`xmyi ivm~jÕ wk‡ivbv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e wewfbœ wel‡q `vimyj nv`xm Qvcv
n‡”Q| G QvovI ÔKvmvmyj nv`xmÕ bv‡g nv`xm wfwËK wPËvKl©K Kvwnbx avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|
mvßvwnK ingZ: 1960 mv‡j gvIjvbv nv‡Zg Avng‡ì m¤úv`bvq ÒmvßvwnK ingZÓ dwi`cyi †_‡K
cÖKvwkZ nq| cwÎKvi cÖ_g msL¨vi m~Px †`‡L g‡b nq †h, Bmjv‡gi mwZ¨Kvi wkÿv gymwjg mgv‡R
cÖKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ cwÎKvwU cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| cwÎKvi cÖ_g msL¨v‡ZB Gi cÖKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv
n‡q‡QÑ Avjøvn ZvAvjvi GKgvÎ g‡bvbxZ ag© Bmjv‡gi kvk¦Z mbvZb evYxi myô cÖPvi I Zvi jyß †M․ie
cybiæ×vi KivB ingZ Gi g~L¨ D‡Ïk¨|107

104 mvßvwnK nvbRx, 1g el©, 1g msL¨v •Rô, 1356 e½vã
105 b~i †nv‡mb gwR`x, gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg (in.) GKwU wecøex Rxeb, XvKv: 2003, c„.76
106 mvßvwnK AvivdvZ, 20 A‡±vei, 1957wLª., c„. 2
107 kvgmyj nK, evsjv mvgwqK cÎ, cÖv¸³, c„.132
286
M. cvwÿK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v

cvwÿK ZvejxM: evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb Bmjvgx cwÎKvmg~‡ni g‡a¨ kxl©¯vbxq n‡”Q ÒcvwÿK ZvejxMÓ
cwÎKv| cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci Bmjv‡gi e¨vcK cÖPvi, wkiK weÀvZ I åvšÍ gZev` LÐ‡bi wbwgË Ges
Bmjvgx weavb cÖwZôvi gvb‡m QviQxbv ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv kvn m~dx gvIjvbv †bQvi DwÏb Avngv` (in.)
1950 wLªóv‡ã ZvejxM cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡ib| ÔZvejxMÕ cÖwZ evsjv gv‡mi 1 I 16 Zvwi‡L cÖKvk †cZ|
m¤úv`K wQ‡jb gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avhxhyi ingvb| mn-m¤úv`K gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj MwY kv‡q¯Ívev`x|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avhxhyi ingvb KZ©„K QviQxbv gvìvmv †cÖm, `viæ”QzbœvZ, ev‡KiMÄ †_‡K gyw`ªZ I
cÖKvwkZ| gvIjvbv †bQvi DwÏb (in.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci Gi `vwqZ¡ gvIjvbv kvn Avey Rvdi †gvnv¤§`
Qv‡jn (in.) Gi Dci Awc©Z nq| Zvi mve©ÿwYK c„ô‡cvlKZvq cwÎKvwUi ¯vqx wfZ iwPZ n‡qwQj| G
cwÎKvq †h welq¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i wbqwgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q: K) wbqwgZ m¤úv`Kxq Kjv‡g eZ©gvb
cwiw¯wZ Zz‡j aivi mv‡_ mv‡_ gymjgvb‡ì KiYxq wb‡`©k Kiv; L) Zvdmx‡i †bQvwiqv bv‡g wbqwgZ
Zdmxi wjLv; M) dvZIqv‡q `viæm mybœvn bv‡g (KyiAvb-nv`xm wfwËK) gvmjv-gvmv‡qj wjLv Ges Zv
cÖKvk Kiv; N) KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK agx©q wel‡q mvwnZ¨, AvšÍ©RvwZK, mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK I Ab¨vb¨
wel‡q cÖeÜ cÖKvk Kiv; O) cxi Qv‡ne ûRy‡ii Qdim~Px Qvcv; Q) QviQxbvi msev`, wnReyjøvn msev`
BZ¨vw` wbqwgZfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv|108 G cwÎKvi cÖvq cÖwZwU †jLvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbvB cÖvavb¨
†c‡q Avm‡Q| hwÌ cÖvPxb cÖvq cwÎKvB Kv‡ji Kivj MÖv‡m nvwi‡q †M‡Q; cÿvšÍ‡i cvwÿK Zvejx‡Mi
cÖKvkbv GL‡bv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|
N. gvwmK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v
AZx‡Z mvwnZ¨ PP©v I ÁvbvR©‡bi Ab¨Zg gva¨g wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zv gvwmK cwÎKv| hviv †jLv‡jwL‡Z
Af¨¯ wQ‡jb Zviv wb‡R‡ì Áv‡bi ewn:cÖKvk I weKvk NUv‡Zb G mKj cwÎKvq| Avi cvVK mgvR
wb‡R‡ì Ávb mg„×KiY I mvwnZïm wbevi‡Yi Avkvq gvmvšÍ‡i cQ‡›ì gvwmK cwÎKv nv‡Z cvIqvi
A‡cÿvq Db¥yL n‡q _vK‡Zb| Z_¨cÖhyw³i G hy‡M Gi Pvwn`v wKQzUv Kg‡jI Ávbwccvlyiv GLbI gvwmK
cwÎKvi MÖvnK I cÖKvkK| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖKv‡k gvwmK Bmjvgx cwÎKvi Ae`vb Ab¯^xh©|
wb‡¤œ cÖwm× K‡qKwU gvwmK Bmjvgx cwÎKvi cwiwPwZ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Ae`vb m¤ú‡K©
Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-
gvwmK †bqvgZ: evsjv fvlvq cÖvPxbZg Bmjvgx cwÎKv Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev‡ì
gyLcÎ ÒgvwmK †bqvgZÓ| 1937 mv‡j gvIjvbv kvgQyj nK dix`cyix (in.) cwÎKvwU cÖwZôv K‡ib| Gi
ci †_‡K `xN©w`b cwÎKvwU Pj‡Z _v‡K| cw_g‡a¨ `xN© weiZxi ci cwÎKvwU Avevi 2013 mvj †_‡K
bZzbfv‡e kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj KzÏy‡mi m¤úv`bvq hvÎv ïiæ K‡i Ges eZ©gv‡b Zv wbqwgZfv‡e
cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| G cwÎKvwUi GKwU we‡kl AvKl©Y n‡”Q, nv`xm wfwËK `vim cÖKvk †hgb: 2014 mv‡ji
Rvbyqvwi msL¨vi 5 bs c„ôvq Ôdih mvjv‡Zi dwRjZÕ cÖm‡½ 13wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q; †deªæqvix msL¨vi
4 bs c„ôvq ÔZvIev BmwZMdviÕ cÖm‡½ 13wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges msL¨vi 5 bs c„ôvq Ôìæ`-
mvjv‡giÕ dwRjZ cÖm‡½ 17wU nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Abyiƒcfv‡e KziAvb-nv`xm wewfbœ iPbvi gva¨‡g
bZzbfv‡e mvRv‡bv nq cÖwZwU msL¨v|
ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm: 1949 wLªóv‡ãi A‡±ve‡i gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvwnj Kvdxi m¤úv`bvq cvebv †_‡K gvwmK
ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm cwÎKvwU cÖKvwkZ nq| gnvb MÖš Avj-KziAvb I ivm~j (mv.)-Gi nv`x‡mi wkÿv I wecøex
Av`k©‡K gymwjg mgv‡R cÖPvi I cÖmv‡ii jÿ¨ wb‡q ZR©ygvbyj nv`x‡mi hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj| cwÎKvwUi cÖwZ
108 †gvt Avey Rvdi, QviQxbvi kvqL kvn Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` Qv‡jn (i.) : Rxeb I Kg©, AcÖKvwkZ Gg.wdj. w_wmm, Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv, 2001, c„.130
287
msL¨vq ¯úó K‡i †jLv _vK‡Zv, ÒKziAvb I mybœvni mbvZb I k¦vkZ gZev`, Rxeb-`k©b I Kvh©µ‡gi
Av`k©ev`x I AKzÚ cÖPviK|Ó ev¯ÍweK c‡ÿ ÔgvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm †kl msL¨v ch©šÍ KziAvb I mybœvni
Av`k© cZvKv‡K `xß I k³ nv‡Z a‡i †i‡LwQj|109
gvwmK gyKzj: LvRv Avãyj gwR` kvn 1952 wLª. cÖ_g gvwmK gyKzj cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi cÖ_g
m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e Kwe bvwmiæwÏb Avng`‡K wb‡qvM Kiv nq| LvRv Ave`yj gwR` kvn gyKzj cwÎKvi
cwiPvjK I cÖKvkK Ges cieZx©‡Z †Kej m¤úv`KB wQ‡jb bv, eis wZwb DwjøwLZ mKj `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
wfZi w`‡q wbqwgZ †jLKI wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖwZ msL¨vq Òmnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ bv‡g avivevwnKfv‡e GKwU
Kjvg wjL‡Zb| ZLbKvi mvgvwRK †cÖÿvc‡U Gi weivU cÖfveI wQj e¨vcK| KviY e„wUk kvmb-‡kvl‡Yi
hvZvK‡j wcó nZ`wi`ª gymwjg RvwZ Bmjvgx wkÿv mf¨Zv I ms¯‥…wZ n‡Z A‡bK `~‡i wQU‡K c‡owQ‡jv|
GB myev‡` Bmjvg we‡Ølx Ackw³ wb‡R‡ì B”QvgZ nv`xm •Zix K‡i AwkwÿZ gymwjg RvwZi g‡a¨
ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`xm e‡j Pvwj‡q w`‡Z _v‡K| Aci w`‡K gymwjg kw³‡K wef³ Ki‡Z e„wUk ivRkw³I
Gi wcQ‡b BÜb †hvMvZ| G KzUbxwZi d‡j gymwjg‡ì mvgvwRK, PvwiwÎK I gvbwmK Rxe‡b Aeÿq †b‡g
Av‡m| D”P wkwÿZ I wPšÍvkxj‡ì gw¯Í‡¯‥i we‡køl‡Y Gi Kz-cÖfve aiv c‡o| d‡j mvaviY wkwÿZ
e¨w³eM© mnxn nv`xm‡KI ¯^vfvweKfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bvB| LvRv Avãyj gwR` kvn-Gi mnxn nv`xm
cÖPv‡i nv`xm m¤ú‡K© gymjgvb‡ì mskq A‡bKUvB †K‡U hvq| 110
gvwmK ZvRvjøx: AvjnvR¡ Ave` Avjøvn Rnxi DÏxb Gi cwiPvjbv I m¤úv`bvq 1966 mv‡j 50, wUcy
myjZvb †ivW, XvKv-1 †_‡K gvwmK ZvRvjøx cÖKvwkZ nq| m¤úv`K cwÎKvwU‡K GKwU Bmjvgx M‡elYv
cwÎKv wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjvi msKí e¨³ K‡i| cwÎKvwUi 1g el© 2q msL¨vwU m¤úv`Kxq‡Z m¤úv`‡Ki
msK‡íi mv‡_ m½wZ jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, †hgb: Avj-KziAv‡bi evYx, Bmjvg I Bmjvgx mgvR, Bjwg nv`x‡mi
eywbqv`x K_v, cweÎ KyiAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K gnvbex (mv.), †h c‡_ g°v †cu․‡QwQ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡gi †jLvB
Gi cÖgvY enb K‡i|111
gvwmK w`kvix: 1960 wLª. AvMó gv‡m `viæj Dj~g Bmjvgx GKv‡Wgxi gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e ÔgvwmK w`kvixÕ
cÖKvwkZ nq| GKwU cwiPvjbv cwil` KZ©„K cwÎKvwU cwiPvwjZ n‡Zv|112 GK K_vq mvwnZ¨ mvs¯‥…wZK
cÖPwjZ aviv‡K m¤^j bv K‡i GB †`‡ki gymwjg gvb‡mi mwZ¨Kv‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ KivB n‡e w`kvixi
mvabv| gymwjg BwZnvm, ms¯‥„wZ I wPšÍvavivi myôz I hyw³msMZ cÖPviB n‡e w`kvixi cÖavb DcRxe¨|
cwÎKvwUi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx ZvnRxe, ZgÏyb m‡ev©cwi gymwjg RvwZ‡K mgvR, †`k-RvwZ I ivRbxwZ
m¤ú‡K© e¨vcKfv‡e m‡PZb K‡i Zzj‡Z mÿg n‡qwQj|113 w`kvixi K‡qKwU msL¨v cÖKvwkZ nevi ci GwU
Bmjvgx GKv‡Wgx cwÎKvq iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
gvwmK g`xbv: gvwmK g`xbv evsjv‡`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq I cÖvPxbZg gvwmK cwÎKv| 1961 mv‡j Bmjvgx
wPšÍvwe`, †jLK I mvsevw`K gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb Lvb GwU cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb AvgiY gvwmK g`xbvi
m¤úv`K wQ‡jb| m~Pbv jMœ †_‡K beŸB‡qi `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbZg gvwmK cwÎKv
wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZi wQj| XvKvi evsjv evRvi¯ g`xbv feb †_‡K g`xbv cvewj‡KkÝ cwÎKvwU wbqwgZ
cÖKvk K‡i Avm‡Q| cÖvK-fviZxq hy‡Mi A‡bK Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` G cwÎKvq †jLv‡jwL K‡i‡Qb|
cðv`c` gymwjg mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡b Ges gymwjg mvwnZ¨-ms¯‥…wZi weKv‡k G cwÎKvi f~wgKv wQj Abb¨|
gvIjvbv e`‡i Avjg wgivVx (in.) KZ©„K wjwLZ nv`xm msKjb ÔZiRygvbym mybœvnÕi Abyev` I Ôgymwjg
kixdÕ †_‡K msKwjZ D`©y nv`xm msKj‡bi wbe©vwPZ nv`x‡mi e½vbyev` cÖ_‡g gvwmK g`xbvq
avivevwnKfv‡e Qvcv nq| cweÎ KziAv‡bi evYx I Kzov‡bv gvwbK bv‡g Ônv`x‡m ivm~jÕ (mv.) Abyev`
cÖKvwkZ n‡Zv| Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYv g~jK I M‡elYvag©x †jLv G cwÎKvq ¯vb cvq| G
109 gvIjvbv Avãyjøvwnj Kvdx m¤úvw`Z, gvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nvw`Q, 1g el©, 1g msL¨v, cvebv: 1949, c„. (m¤úv`Kxq )
110 W.gynv¤§` BKevj †nvmvBb, mvsevw`KZvq e½xq Djvgv-gvkv‡qL, XvKv: Bdvev, 2017wLª., c„. 236-38 (we.`ª.)
111 ¸Rvwik, m¤ú`Kxq, gxbvi, 2q el©, 1g msL¨v, (Rvby-Ryb),1959wLª., c„. 105-106(we.`ª.)
112 w`kvix cwiPvjbv cl©‡` wQ‡jb h_vµ‡g Aa¨ÿ Beivnxg Luv, Aveyj nvwkg, W. †gvnv¤§` wmivRyj nK I gywnDÏxb Lvb|
113 kvgmyj nK, evsjv mvgwqK cÎ, cÖv¸³, c„.122-123(we.`ª.)
288
cwÎKvi me‡P‡q eo AvKl©Y nj cwÎKvi †kl ch©v‡q cÖ‡kœvË‡i gvmjv-gvmv‡qj| cwÎKvi Av‡iKwU we‡kl
AvKl©Y, Zv nj cÖwZeQi AvKl©Yxq Ômxiv‡Z ivm~jÕ (mv.) msL¨vi cÖKvk K‡i evsjvfvlx bex †cÖgx
gymjgvb‡ì iƒnvbx †LvivK †RvMvb w`‡q hv‡”Q|
gvwmK c„w_ex: GKwU Bmjvgx M‡elYv agx© cwÎKv| 1975 mv‡j GwUi cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk| eZ©gv‡b W.
mvwgDj nK dviæKxi m¤úv`bvq Avj-dvjvn wcÖwUs †cÖm, eogMevRvi †_‡K gyyw`ªZ Ges evs‡`k BmjvwgK
†m›Uvi †_‡K W. †gvnv¤§` kwdDj Avjg f~Bqv KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| cwÎKvwU‡Z Ò`vimyj nv`xmÓ Kjv‡g
wewfbœ wel‡q wbqwgZ evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Dc¯vwcZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
gvwmK Avi-ivkv`: gvìvmv `viæi ivkv‡ì gyLcÎ ÔAvi-ivkv`Õ cwÎKvwU 1988 mv‡j ÔivneviÕ bv‡g
gvìvmvi evwl©Kx wn‡m‡e cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| Gfv‡e 1996 mv‡j ÔAvi-ivkv`Õ bv‡g Zv cÖKvwkZ nq|
GiavivevwnKZvq 2004 mvj ch©šÍ AwbqwgZfv‡e Zv cÖKwkZ nq| cieZx©‡Z Zv avivevwnKfv‡e eZ©gvb
ch©šÍ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` mvjgv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq Ges mvsevw`K gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjxi m¤ú`bvq Zv
cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| cwÎKvwU‡Z KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ Mí-cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` welqvw` Qvcv nq|
we‡klZ: Ò`vi‡m nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU Kjg wbqwgZ cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
gvwmK Avj evBwq¨bvZ: XvKvi ivRvievM ìev‡ii gyLcÎ gvwmK ÒAvj-evBwq¨bvZÓ cwÎKvwU 1991 mvj
†_‡K ivRviev‡Mi cxi mv‡q¨` gynv¤§` w`jøyi ingv‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq Ges gynv¤§` gvngyeye Avj‡gi
m¤úv`bvq `xN© 30 eQi hver cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q| cwÎKvwUi cvZvq cvZvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Bjg I
Avgj m¤úwK©Z ¯úó `jxj-cÖgvY †ck I cÖKvk Kiv nq| ZvB cwÎKvwUi cÖ_g cvZvq Avj evBwq¨bvZ
A_©- AKvU¨, ¯úó, D¾¡j, cÖKvk¨ I cÖvgvY¨ `jxjmg~n A‡_© cwÎKvwUi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov
ÒwdKûj nv`xm Iqvj AvQviÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU wbqwgZ Kjvg cÖKvk Kiv nq; hv‡Z nv`xm D‡jøLc~e©K Zv
†_‡K wdKnx weavb wbY©q Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
gvwmK Av`k© bvix: 1994 mv‡j ÔgvwmK Av`k© bvixÕ cwÎKvwU gydZx Aveyj nvmvb kvgmvev`xi
c„ô‡cvlKZv I m¤úv`bvq XvKvi cyivbv cëb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ
BmjvwgK cwÎKv| cwÎKvwUi Rb¥jMœ †_‡KB we`» Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`M‡Yi †jLwb‡Z mymw¾Z I mg„× n‡q
Avm‡Q| evOvwj gymwjg‡ì we‡kl K‡i gymwjg bvix‡ì KziAvb-nv`x‡mi c_ wb‡`©k Kivi D‡Ïk¨ G
cwÎKvi hvÎv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| ZvB gymwjg bvix mgv‡R cwÎKvwUi †ek RbwcÖqZv jÿ¨bxq|
gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK: Avn‡j nv`xm Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki GKvs‡ki gyLcÎ gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK 1997
mvj †_‡K wbqwgZ 24 eQi hver m¤úv`KgÐjxi mfvcwZ cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avmv`yjøvn Avj-Mvwje I
W. gynv¤§` mvLvIqvZ †nvmvB‡bi m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Zv‡ì cwÎKvi †køvMvb- ag©, mgvR I
mvwnZ¨ welqK M‡elYv cwÎKv; G‡Z `vi‡m KziAvb, ì‡m nv`xm, nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v I ZvnKxK, nv`x‡mi
Mí, AvKx`v ev wek¦vm, wkÿv-ms¯‥„wZ, bixmgvR, AvZ¥ïw×, bxwZ‣bwZKZv, ZviweqvZ, wewaweavb BZ¨vw`
wel‡q KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Mí-cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq|
gvwmK Avj KvDmvi: evsjv fvlvq M‡elYvagx© Bmjvgx cwÎKv ÔgvwmK Avj KvDmviÕ 2005 mvj †_‡K
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave`yj gv‡jK Gi ZË¡veavq‡b Ges gydwZ Aveyj nvmvb gynv¤§` Ave`yjøvni m¤úv`bvq
30/12, cjøex (wgicyi-12) XvKv-1216 †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| GwU D”PZi wkÿv I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb
gviKvhy` Ìqvn Avj-Bmjvgxqv XvKv Gi gyLcÎ| wW‡m¤î 2009 †_‡K cwÎKvwUi I‡qe ms¯‥iY Pvjy
nq| gvwmK AvjKvDmv‡i cÖKvwkZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm welqK wKQz cÖeÜ n‡”Q, bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.)
Gi wmjwmjv : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, mnxn nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K C‡ì bvgvh, gynvwÏmx‡bi `„wó‡Z wdKn I
dzKvnv, mnxn nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wgivRybœexi NUbv, nv`xm I Avmv‡ii Av‡jv‡K weZi bvgvh, mv`vKvZzj
wdZi Avav mv Mg: nv`xm, mybœvn, Avmvi I BRgv Gi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY BZ¨vw` | we‡klZ: KziAvb-
nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K cwÎKvwU‡Z hyM wRÁvmvi mgvavb ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Qvcv nq|
289
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi, emyÜiv, eøK-wW, d°xûj wgjøvZ ¯îYx, XvKv
†_‡K cÖKvwkZ gvwmK cwÎKv| cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb d°xûj wgjøvZ gydZx Ave`yi ingvb| cÖavb m¤úv`K
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb gydZx Avikv` ingvbx| cwÎKvwU‡Z ÔcweÎ mybœvn †_‡KÕ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm
welqK GKwU wefvM wb‡qvwgZ cÖKvwkZ nq| G QvovI AwbqwgZ GKvwaK cÖeÜ-wbeÜ Qvcv nq|
ÔdvRv‡q‡j AvgvjÕ wb‡q G‡Zv weåvwšÍ †Kb- wk‡ivbv‡g dvRv‡q‡j Avgvj Gi nv`xm¸‡jvi kv¯¿xq M‡elYv
cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q|
gvwmK ivngvbx cqMvg: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in.) cÖwZwôZ Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqv
mvZgmwR` †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv 1207 Gi gyLcvÎ| G‡Z `vimyj nv`xm Kjv‡g wewfbœ wel‡qi nv`xm D×…Z
K‡i e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q _v‡K|
gvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm: gvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm cwÎKvwU evsjv‡`k RgCq‡Z Avn‡j nv`x‡mi gyLcvÎ; hv
2018 mvj †_‡K cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avhnvi DÏx‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZvq I Aa¨vcK W. Avngv`yjøvn wÎkvjxi
m¤úv`bvq hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`k RgCq‡Z Avn‡j nv`x‡mi gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨
ev¯Íevq‡bi j‡ÿ¨ KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| we‡klZ: evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vqI †ek Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Ò`vimyj
nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ wel‡q nv`xm D×…Z K‡i e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Dc¯vwcZ n‡”Q cÖwZwU msL¨vq|
gvwmK AvZ-ZvInx`: gvwmK AvZ-ZvInx` Avj-RvwgqvZzj Bmjvwgqv cwUqvi gyLcÎ| GwU 1971 mv‡j
cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDbym (in.) Gi cÖwZôvZv| eZ©gv‡b gydwZ Avãyj nvjxg †evLvix
cÖavb m¤úv`K Ges W. Av.d.g Lvwj` †nv‡mb m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| G‡Z KziAvb-nv`xm
wfwËK wewfbœ wbeÜ-cÖeÜ Qvcvi cvkv cvwk Ò`vimyj nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ wel‡q nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-
we‡kølY Dc¯vwcZ nq|
gvwmK gyCbyj Bmjvg : 1934 mv‡j gvwmK gyCbyj Bmjvg cwÎKvwU `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvixi
gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nq| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb Bmjvgx gvwmK cwÎKv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| G
cwÎKvwUi cÖavb m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv Avngv` kdx (in.)| Zvi
B‡šÍKv‡ji ci gvIjvbv Rybv‡q` eveybMix `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| ag© I Zvnhxe welqK mvgwqKx gvwmK
gyCbyj Bmjvg cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Ges gvIjvbv miIqvi Kvgvj wbe©vnx m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K G‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v we‡kølYmn cÖeÜ wbeÜb cÖKvwkZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
gvwmK Avj-nK: Bmjvgx M‡elYv I mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv gvwmK Avj-nK `viæj gvAvwid PÆMÖv‡gi gyLcÎ|
Gi cÖwZôvZv I cÖavb m¤ú`‡Ki `vwq‡Z¡ i‡q‡Qb gvIjvb gynv¤§` myjZvb hIK b`fx| GwU 1994 mvj
†_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ Pvjy i‡q‡Q| G‡Z KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK mvwnZ¨ PP©vi cvkv cvwk `vimyj nv`x‡mi
we‡kl Av‡qvRb _v‡K wbqwgZ cÖwZ msL¨vq|
gvwmK Kv‡q`: HK¨ kvwšÍ m¤úªxwZi evYx avib K‡i 2018 mv‡j hvÎv ïiæ K‡i ÒgvwmK Kv‡q`Ó|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ljxjyi ingvb †bQvivev`x ûRy‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZvq †gvt gvQzg wejøvn Avhxhvev`x m¤úvw`Z
cwÎKvwU Bmjvgx mgvR cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ nhiZ gvIjvbv Avhxhyi ingvb Kv‡q` mv‡ne (in.) Gi Abym„Z
c‡_ im~j (mv.) Gi Av`k© ev¯Íevq‡bi wbwgË GKvg‡Z Øxb I Zvejx‡M Øx‡bi KZ©e¨ cvj‡bi ga¨w`‡q
Bmjvgx mgvR cÖeZ©‡b mnvqK f~wgKv cvj‡bi Aw½Kvi wb‡q hvÎ ïiæ K‡i| G‡Z Òeywbqv`x nv`xmÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g evsjv fvlvq wewfbœ wel‡q nv`x‡mi AeZviYv NwU‡q e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv nq|
O. •ÎgvwmK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v
Bmjvgx GKv‡Wwg cwÎKv: 1961 wLªóv‡ã Bmjvgx GKv‡Wgxi D‡`¨v‡M •ÎgvwmK M‡elYv cwÎKv ÔBmjvgx
GKv‡Wgx cwÎKvÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Avjøvgv Aveyj nvwkg (1905-1974) Gi m¤úv`bvq BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx,
67/G, cyivbv cëb, XvKv-2 n‡Z cÖKvwkZ I c¨vivgvD›U †cÖm, 9 nvU‡Lvjv †ivW, XvKv-3 n‡Z cÖ_g
290
msL¨v (GwcÖj-Ryb) cÖKvwkZ nq| 114 G cwÎKvi mv‡_ cÖ_g †_‡KB AmsL¨ Avwj‡gi mswkøóZv wQj|
1976 wLªóvã †_‡K cwÎKvwU ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKvÕ bvg aviY K‡i Ges G bv‡g GKwU RvZxq
Bmjvgx M‡elYv cwÎKv wn‡m‡e GL‡bv cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| Bmjvgx GKv‡Wgx cwÎKv ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív ‡b
Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ welq wb‡q cÖ_g †_‡KB †g․wjK M‡elYv cÖeÜ cÖKvk K‡i G‡`‡ki we`» †kÖwYi gb‡hvM
AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ RxebNwbô wewfbœ mgm¨vi KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K
M‡elYvg~jK mgvavb RvwZi mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Q|
P. lvY¥vwlK cwÎKvq nv`xm PP©v

lvY¥vwlK gxbvi: cÖL¨vZ Avwjg gIjvbv gy¯ÍvdxRyi ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvi M‡elYv I
cÖKvkbv dvÛ KwgwUi gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e Bmjvgx wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYvi D‡Ï‡k¨ ÒlvY¥vwlK gxbviÓ 1958
wLªóv‡ãi RyjvB-wW‡m¤î 1g el© 1g msL¨v gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi KZ©„K Kvwmg wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks †Kvs
wj: 76/77 ivwaKv †gvnb emvK †jb, XvKv †_‡K gyw`ªZ Ges XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv M‡elYv I cÖKvkbv
dvÛ KwgwUi c‡ÿ cÖKvwkZ nq| gxbv‡ii 2q el© 1g msL¨vq (1995) Gi D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q,
Bmjv‡gi g~j welqmg~‡ni g~j¨‡eva m¤ú‡K© evsjv fvlvq cvwÐZ¨c~Y¨ M‡elYvg~jK †jLv Dc¯vcb Kiv|
gxbv‡ii †jLvi welqe¯‧iw`‡K `„wó w`‡jB †evSv hvq †h, Gi D‡Ïk¨ †KejB Bmjvgx wewfbœ wel‡q
M‡elYv Pvwj‡q hvIqv|115
Q. GKv‡WwgK ¯§viK MÖ‡š’ nv`xm PP©v

LZ‡g eyLvwi ¯§viK-2017: `viæbœvRvZ wmÏxwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, mviæwjqv, †Wgiv, XvKv-1361 Gi
Kvwgj (nvw`m) †klce©Õ2017 Gi D‡`¨v‡M iwPZ nq 456 c„ôvi GK wekvj ¯§viK MÖš LZ‡g eyLvwi
¯§viKÕ2017| nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K mvjv‡Zi wewfbœ gvmAvjv-gvmvBj I BLwZjvwd welqvw` wb‡q Av‡jvP¨
¯§viK MÖšwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖš iPbvi KviY cÖm‡½ m¤úv`Kxq‡Z jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, ÒeZ©gv‡b Invwe,
mvjvwd, Avn‡j nv`xm/jv-gvhnvexMY mgv‡R mvjvZ Av`vq cÖm‡½ bvbv weåvwšÍ Qov‡”Qb| nKcšx Ijvgv
wKivg Zv‡ì Reve`v‡b me©vZ¥K †Póv Pvjv‡”Qb| Zv‡ìB avivevwnKZvq ÔmvjvZÕ welqe¯‧ wb‡q Kvwgj
(nvw`m) †kl c‡e©i wkÿv_©xiv LZ‡g eyLvix Dcj‡ÿ cÖKvk K‡i LZ‡g eyLvwi ¯§viKÕ2017|Ó 456 c„ôvi
wekvj GK ¯§viK MÖ‡š mvjv‡Zi wewfbœw`K wb‡q KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Z_¨wbf©i M‡elYvg~jK 49wU cÖeÜ
cÖKvwkZ nq|
Dj~gyj nv`xm ¯§viKMÖš’-2020: XvKvi HwZnëvnx †P․ayix cvov gvìvmvi `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi mgvcbx
QvÎe„‡›ì D‡`¨v‡M 488 c„ôvi ÒgyLZvmvi Dj~gyj nv`xm ¯§viKMÖš-2020Ó wk‡ivbv‡g PgrKvi gjv‡U G
¯§viK MÖšwU cÖKvwkZ nq| G MÖšwUi g‡a¨ Bjwg nv`x‡mi wewfbœw`K wb‡q 27wU `xN© cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq|
Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xm kixq‡Zi cÖvgvY¨ `jxj, Bjwg nv`x‡mi cwifvlv, nv`xm PP©v I msiÿ‡Y mvnvevM‡Yi
Ae`vb, mev©w`K nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvevMY, nv`xm MÖ‡ši cÖKvi I cwiwPwZ, wmnvn wmËvni
fvl¨MÖšmg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbv, Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm, nv`xm PP©vq mb‡ì ¸iæZ¡, ivex‡ì ¯Íi web¨vm,
nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi Av`ve I kZ©, nv`xm MÖn‡Y BgvgM‡Yi bxwZgvjv, Rvj nv`xm PP©v: KviY I cÖwZKvi,
nv`x‡mi cvV`vb c×wZ BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g Bjwg nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡cyY© wel‡qi cÖeÜmg„× ¯§viKMÖšwU evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi evwZNi n‡q _vK‡e|
M‡elYv cwÎKvq evsjvfvlvq nv`xm PP©v: h_v¯v‡b (mßg Aa¨v‡q) Av‡jvwPZ n‡e|
114 Aveyj nvwkg m¤úvw`Z, BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgxi cwÎKv, XvKv: BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx, 1961wLª., c„. (1g el©, 1g msL¨v m¤úv`Kxq)
115 ¸Rvwik, m¤ú`Kxq, gxbvi, 2q el©, 1g msL¨v, (Rvby-Ryb), 1959wLª., c„. 116
291
6.2.2 B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv: [†eZvi I †Uwjwfkb ]

K) miKvwi †eZvi
evsjv‡`k †eZvi: evsjv‡`k †eZvi evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq †eZvi ms¯v| XvKv kn‡i †iwWI m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq
1939 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î| ïiæi w`‡K †K›`ªwU cyi‡bv XvKvq ¯vcb Kiv n‡jI cieZx©‡Z 1960 mv‡j
†K›`ªwU kvnev‡M ¯vbvšÍi Kiv nq| AZtci 30RyjvB 1983 mv‡j kvnevM¯ m¤cÖPvi †K›`ªwU RvZxq
†eZvi feb, †k‡ievsjv bMi, AvMviMuvI‡q ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| 1975 mvj †_‡K 1996 mvj ch©šÍ GwU
†iwWI evsjv‡`k bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| cieZx©‡Z evsjv‡`k †eZvi bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq| Gi †gvU †÷kb
15wU Ges GdGg †÷kb 12wU|
evsjv‡`k †eZv‡i KziAvb-nv`xm PP©v : evsjv‡`k †eZv‡ii m¤cÖPvi ïiæ nq KziAvb wZjvIqvZ w`‡q| ïiæ
†_‡KB ÔcweÎ KziAvb I nvgv‡i wR‡›`MxÕ bv‡g GKwU Bmjvgx Abyôvb m¤cÖPv‡ii n‡q Avm‡Q| AZci
1950 mv‡j ÔKziAv‡b nvKxg I Avgv‡ì wRw›`MxÕ bv‡g Zv cwieZ©b Kiv nq| G QvovI Òc_ I cv‡_qÓ
Abyôvb hv wZjvIqvZ, ZiRgv, welq wfwËK KyiAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jvPbv I nvg`-bvZ w`‡q AbyôvbwU
mvRv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZw`‡bi Awa‡ekb ïiæ n‡Zv GB AbyôvbwU w`‡q| D³ AbyôvbwU‡Z ZrKvjxb
†`ke‡iY¨ Bmjvgx cwÐZ e¨w³eM© AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| 1970 Gi `k‡K Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK wewfbœ Kw_Kv
(KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb) wbg©vY Kiv n‡Zv| 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcKvi, RvwZi RbK
e½eÜy knx` †kL gywReyi ingvb Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ `xN© 9 gvm i³ÿqx msN‡l©i ci evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq|
¯^vaxbZv DËi †ek wKQz BmjvwgK Abyôvb ZLb ms‡hvRb Kiv nq| Zb¥‡a¨ ÔwndRyj KziAvbÕ Ab¨Zg|
1979 mvj †_‡K cÖwZ ighvb gv‡m avivevwnKfv‡e D³ AbyôvbwU 38 eQi a‡i m¤cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q|
1990 `kK †_‡K AviI GKwU RbwcÖq Bmjvgx Abyôvb †eZv‡i ïiæ nq, hvi bvg Ô†nivi †R¨vwZÕ| G‡Z
gynv¤§`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) I mvnvevM‡Yi Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii avivevwnK Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb m¤úªPvwiZ nq|
eZ©gv‡b KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK †h mKj Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi n‡”Q: Ôc_ I cv‡_qÕ| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi
welqwfwËK Av‡jvPbv hv 70-Gi `kK †_‡K Pjgvb| GwU cÖfvZx Abyôvb bv‡g cwiwPZ| ÔRxe‡bi
Av‡jvÕ| RxebNwbô wewfbœ welq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K UK‡kv, cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi ivZ 10:30wg: G
m¤cÖPvwiZ nq| ÔKziAvb wkÿvi AvmiÕ ïµevi mKvj 11:30wg. G cÖPvwiZ nq| ÔwZjvIqvZ I ZiRgvÕ
ïµevi †ejv 1.5 wgwb‡U cÖPvwiZ nq| ÔZvdmxiæj KziAvbÕ 90-Gi `kK †_‡K Pjgvb| ïµevi mÜ¨v
6.35 wgwbU G cÖPvi nq| G Qvov cvuP Iqv³ bvgv‡hi Avhvb cÖPv‡ii c~‡e© I igRvb gv‡m BdZv‡ii c~‡e©
GKwU K‡i evsjvq nv`x‡mi Abyev` cÖPvwiZ nq Ges mvnvix Abyôv‡b KziAvb nv`xm wfwËK wewfbœ wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv AbywôZ nq| G Qvov Bmjvgx wewfbœ wèm I ivóªxq wewfbœ wèm †Kw›`ªK m¤úªPvwiZ Abyôv‡bI
KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Av‡jvPbv n‡q _v‡K|116
L) †emiKvwi †eZvi
evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iK RbwcÖq MYgva¨‡gi bvg †emiKvwi GdGg †iwWI| 2006 mv‡j Ô†iwWIUz‡WÕ
m¤cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g †emiKvwi GdGg Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq| cieZx©‡Z A‡bK GdGg †÷kb Pvjy nq| Z_¨
gš¿Yvj‡qi m~Îg‡Z eZ©gv‡b 27wU †emiKvwi GdGg †÷kb Pvjy i‡q‡Q|117 Bmjvg Z_v KziAvb-nv`xm
†Kw›`ªK Abyôvb cÖPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î GdGg †iwWI¸‡jvi f~wgKv Lye GKUv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bq| Z‡e ¯^í msL¨K
Abyôvb i‡q‡Q hvi Øviv ev½vjx ZiæY gymwjg‡ì wKQzUv n‡jI DcK…Z nq|
1. †iwWI Uz‡W: evsjv‡`‡ki me©cÖ_g e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb GdGg †iwWI †÷kb| Gi cÖPvi Zi½ n‡”Q
89.6 GdGg| 2006 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m Gi AvbyôvwbK m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq| bMi‡Kw›`ªK G P¨v‡bjwU‡Z
m½x‡Zi w`‡K cÖ_g †_‡KB cÖvavb¨ cwijwÿZ nq| †iwWI Uz‡W GdGg 89.6 †_‡K 24 N›Uv m¤úªPvi Kiv
116 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › evsjv‡`kÑ†eZvi;

117 gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, ‣`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, XvKv: 16 †m‡Þ¤î 2013 wLª.
292
nq| G‡Z cÖwZw`b †fvi 5 Uv †_‡K 6 ch©šÍ Bmjvgx mvs¯‥„wZK Abyôvb Òmy‡en mvw`KÓ m¤úªPvi K‡i| G
Abyôv‡b Bmjvgx m½xZ cwi‡ewkZ nq|118 G QvovI KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK AviI GKwU RbwcÖq Bmjvgx
Abyôvb Ò‡PZbvq RygÔAveviÓ bv‡g cÖwZ ïµ evi cÖPvwiZ nq|
2. †iwWI aŸwb: †iwWI aŸwb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g msev` wfwËK AbjvBb †iwWI †÷kb hv; mßv‡n mvZ w`b
wèv-ivwÎ Pvjy _v‡K| Ômviv w`b mviv ivZÕ †¯øvMvb wb‡q †`kwe‡`‡ki bvbvb Lei, mvgvwRK mgm¨v Ges
bvbv wel‡q Abyôvb m¤úªPvi Ki‡Q|119 †iwWI aŸwb‡Z Ôm‡Zï mÜ¨v‡b aŸwbÕ bv‡g GKwU Abyôvb i‡q‡Q hv
cÖwZ †mvgevi †ejv 2Uv-4Uv cÖPvwiZ nq| G Qvov cÖwZ RygÔAvevi mKvj 11 Uv-12 Uv ÒAvnKvgyj
RygÔAvÓ bv‡g GKwU Abyôvb wbqwgZ m¤úÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g KziAvb-nv`x‡mi evYx PwP©Z n‡”Q|
3. Kvjvm© Gd Gg: Kvjvm© Gd Gg Gi hvÎv 10Rvbyqvwi 2014 mv‡j ïiæ nq| G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Abyôv‡bi
cvkvcvwk Anbv ingv‡bi cÖ‡hvRbvq gvmyg wejøvn web †iRv Gi Dc¯vcbvq ÔBmjvgx Rxeb wRÁvmvÕ bv‡g
weKvj 4Uv-5Uv mßv‡ni cÖwZ †mvg, g½j, eya, e„n¯úwZ evi GKwU Abyôvb wbqwgZ m¤cÖPvwiZ
nq|ÔBmjvg I RxebÕ cÖwZ RygÔAvevi I kwbevi mKvj 9Uv †_‡K m¤cÖPvwiZ nq| G Qvov Bmjvgx wèm
†Kw›`ªK Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|120
4. †iwWI 71: †iwWI GKvËzi Gi Kvh©µg 10Rvbyqvwi, 2014 wLª. ïiæ nq| GwU AvbyôvwbKfv‡e m¤cÖPvi
26 gvP©, 2015 mv‡j ïiæ nq| G‡Z wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi mv‡_ wbcyb ingv‡bi cÖ‡hvRbvq I gvIjvbv †gv:
jyrdi ingv‡bi Gi Dc¯vcbvq ÔBmjvg I AvgivÕ AbyôvbwU cÖwZ ïµ evi `ycyi 12:30-1Uv cÖPvwiZ nq|
G Qvov ÒAv‡jvwKZ m~iÓ bv‡g GKwU Abyôvb cÖwZ RygÔAvevi †ejv 11Uv-12:30 ch©šÍ avivevwnKfv‡e
cÖPvwiZ n‡q Avm‡Q| G‡Z KziAvb-nv`xmwfwËK Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vwcZ nq|
5.wccjm †iwWI: wccjm †iwWI 11wW‡m¤î 2011 mv‡j m¤cÖPvi ïiæ nq| G‡Z nv‡dR Lvwj`
mvBdzjøvn eKkxi cÖ‡hvRbv I Dc¯vcbvq mßv‡ni cÖwZ ïµevi mÜ¨v 7Uv-8Uv cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb
ÔAvgvi GKUv cÖkœ wQjÕ mivmwi m¤cÖPvwiZ nq| G Qvov Òü`‡q RygÔAveviÓ bv‡g GKwU AbyôvbI
avivevwnKfv‡e m¤cÖPvi n‡”Q|
6. †iwWI f~wg: †iwWI f~wg evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †emiKvwi †iwWI †÷kb| †iwWI f~wg GdGg 92.8 Gi
hvÎvKvj 2012 mv‡ji 30 †m‡Þ¤î| hvÎvKv‡j Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ï× evsjv ms¯‥…wZi DrKl© mva‡bi
cÖqvm| Gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ Abyôvb m¤úªPvwiZ n‡q _v‡K|121 †iwWI f~wg gv‡n igRvb I Bmjvgx wèm
†Kw›`ªK KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK we‡kl Abyôvb K‡i _v‡K|
7. XvKv GdGg 90.4: XvKv GdGg 90.4 XvKvi GKwU GdGg †iwWI P¨v‡bj| 2012 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi
AvbyôvwbK hvÎv ïiæ K‡i XvKv GdGg 90.4| eZ©gv‡b GwU XvKvmn PÆMÖvg, K·evRvi, wm‡jU, iscyi,
ivRkvnx, Lyjbv, e¸ov, ewikvj I gqgbwms‡n Zv‡ì Abyôvb m¤úªPvi K‡i|122 XvKv GdGg 90.4 gv‡n
igRvb I Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK we‡kl Abyôvb m¤úªPvi K‡i _v‡K|
8. †iwWI Avgvi: †iwWI Avgvi 88.4 evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU GdGg †iwWI P¨v‡bj| hvi hvÎv ïiæ nq
2007 mv‡ji 11 wW‡m¤î| Gi cÖPv‡ii ¯vb XvKv, PÆMÖvg| eZ©gvb †¯øvMvb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwaŸwb|123
G‡Z igRvb I Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK we‡kl Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|
9. evsjv †iwWI: evsjv †iwWI XvKv wfwËK GKwU GdGg †iwWI †÷kb †hwU 24 N›Uv Abyôvbgvjv cÖPvi
K‡i _v‡K| GdGg †iwWIwU 2016 mv‡ji 3 †d«eªæqvix hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| 2018 mv‡j P¨v‡bjwU f‡qm Ae
118 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › †iwWIÑUz‡W

119 radiodhoni.fm/ admin@radiodhoni.fm
120 https://bit.ly/3CSA2Fs;
121 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › †iwWIÑf~wg
122 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › XvKvÑGdGg
123 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › †iwWIÑAvgvi
293
Av‡gwiKvi Abyôvbgvjv m¤úªPvi Kivi Rb¨ f‡qm Ae Av‡gwiKvi mv‡_ Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡i| evsjv †iwWI-
Gi cÖPv‡ii ¯vb XvKv| 124 evsjv †iwWI gv‡n igRvb I Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK
we‡kl Abyôvb K‡i _v‡K|
K) miKvwi †Uwjwfkb
1. evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb (wewUwf) : GwU evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi †Uwjwfkb ms¯v| 1964 mv‡ji 25 wW‡m¤î
XvKvi wWAvBwU fe‡b (eZ©gv‡b ivRDK feb) cvwK¯Ívb †Uwjwfkb bv‡g m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq| 1971 mv‡ji
16 wW‡m¤î gnvb ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi ci eZ©gvb bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq| 1980 †_‡K GwU iwOb m¤úªPvi
ïiæ K‡i| G Qvov 2003 mvj †_‡K XvKvi cvkvcvwk PÆMÖvg †_‡K c„_K †÷k‡bi gva¨‡g m¤úªPvi ïiæ
K‡i| d‡j †`kRy‡o 14wU †÷k‡bi gva¨‡g 56 nvRvi eM©gvB‡ji 93 kZvsk GjvKvq †cu․‡Q hvq
wewUwfi iw½b Abyôvb gvjv| 2004 mv‡j wewUwf wek¦e¨vcx m¤úªPv‡ii Rb¨ wewUwf Iqvì© bv‡g
DcMÖnwfwËK P¨v‡bj ¯vcb K‡i|125
evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡bi Kg©KZ©v Rbve bIqvRxk Avjx Lvub Zvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y e‡jb ÒRxe‡bi Av‡jvÓ bv‡g
GKwU Bmjvgx Abyôvb wQj hv m¤¢ve¨ 1972 mv‡j ïiæ nq| GB Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjv‡gi ZvnRxe,
ZvgvÏybmn Bmjv‡gi mvwe©K wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡Zv| GB Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g Bmjvg I
AvaywbK wPšÍvavivi ¯‥jvi, BmjvwgK wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡MY G‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb| ÒD¾xebÓ bv‡g 1985
mv‡ji Ryb gvm †_‡K evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡b GKwU BmjvwgK g¨vMvwRb Abyôvb ïiæ nq| Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ
w`K wb‡q wewfbœ fv‡M PgKcÖ` K‡i Dc¯vcY Kiv nZ| Ògiæ fv¯‥iÓ bv‡g ivm~‡ji (mv.) Rxebx wb‡q
GKwU Abyôvb n‡Zv| G Qvov Òag© I RxebÓ Ges ÒDbœZ RxebÓ bv‡g `ywU Abyôvb wQj| Zv Qvov C`-B-
wgjv`ybbex, ke-B-†givR, ke-B-evivZ, ke-B-K¡ì, `yB C`mn gymjgvb‡ì wewfbœ wè‡m we‡kl
Abyôvb wbg©vY I m¤úªPvi Kiv n‡Zv|
eZ©gv‡b m¤úªPvwiZ KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Abyôvbgvjv: eZ©gv‡b wewUwf‡Z cÖwZ †mvgevi mÜ¨v 7Uvq
ÒAv‡jvi c_hvÎxÓ bv‡g GKwU Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb cÖPvwiZ nq| Òm‡Zï A‡š^lYÓ bv‡g GKwU UK‡kv hv
mßv‡ni cÖwZ ïµevi 1.10wg. G cÖPvwiZ nq| Òag© I RxebÓ bv‡g GKwU Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb; hv mßv‡ni
cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi 12.30G cÖPvi nq| ÒcÖm½ LyZevÓ ev RygAvi LyZev wb‡q we‡kl Abyôvb; hv mßv‡ni
cÖwZ ïµevi †ejv 11Uvq cÖPvi nq| ÒigRvbyj †gveviKÓ hv cweÎ gv‡n igRv‡b cÖwZw`b weKvj 4.30-
5.30 ch©šÍ mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| ÒeiKZgq mvnixÓ hv cweÎ gv‡n igRv‡bi mvnix‡Z cÖPvwiZ
mvnixi wewfbœ welq wb‡q we‡kl UK‡kv Ges Ògv‡n igRvbÓ cweÎ gv‡n igRv‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q
we‡kl Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb igRv‡bi cÖwZw`b 5.30-6Uv ch©šÍ m¤úªPvi nq| ÒwewUwf †dBmeyKÓ GB
AbyôvbwU GKwU bZzb Abyôvb †hLv‡b †dBmey‡K `k©K‡ì cÖ‡kœi Bmjvgx mgvavb †`qv nq| ÒAvj
KziAvbÓ gnvMÖš Avj KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi welqK Abyôvb Ges wewfbœ Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK KziAvb-nv`xm
wfwËK we‡kl Abyôvb m¤úªPvi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfkb KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ
Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
L) †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb
evsjv‡`‡k †gvU 52wU †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ miKvwi †Uwjwfkb 03wU, †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb
Aby‡gvw`Z †gvU 49wU| eZ©gv‡b †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb m¤úªPvi Pvjy i‡q‡Q 31wU, eÜ 06wU, m¤úªPv‡ii
A‡cÿvq 12wU| G ch©vq †emiKvwi †Uwjwfk‡b KziAvb-nv`xm PP©vi aib Kx Ges Zv Kx cwigv‡b nq Zv
AbymÜvb K‡i †`LvB n‡e G ch©v‡jvPbvi D‡Ïk¨|
124 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › evsjvÑ‡iwWI

125 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › evsjv‡`kÑ‡Uwjwfkb
294
1. GwUGb evsjv: evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb GwUGb evsjv| Abyôvb I msev` cwi‡ek‡bi
j‡ÿ¨ ÔAweivg evsjvi gyLÕ †¯øvMvb wb‡q 16 RyjvB, 1997 mv‡j D‡Øvab Kiv nq| GKwU DcMÖn-wfwËK
evsjv fvlvi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| GwUi ÷zwWI XvKvi KvIivb evRvi¯ Iqvmv fe‡b| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m
GwUGb evsjv n‡jv cÖ_g †emiKvwi m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡bj, hvi eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨vb W. gvndzRyi ingvb|126
Bmjvgx Abyôvbgvjv : 1997 mv‡ji igv`vb mgvMZ n‡j wewUwfi Abyôvb wefv‡Mimv‡_ m¤ú„³ Rbve
AviKvb Djøvn nviæbx GwUGb-Gi GKNÈv m¤úªPvi mgq †_‡K 30wgwbU mgq ivgv`v‡bi Abyôv‡bi Rb¨
eivÏ wb‡q Ò†gveviK †nv gv‡n igRvbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g ïiæ K‡ib Abyôvb wbg©vY| G AbyôvbwU wQj
evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m †emiKvwi †Uwjwfk‡b cÖ_g Bmjvgx Abyôvb hv cieZx©‡Z KziAvb-nv`xm PP©vi
Abyôvb wbg©vY I Zv cÖPv‡i mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| cieZx©‡Z ÒAvwjd iæ`vevÓGi Dc¯vcbvq C`-B-
wgjv`ybbex Dcj‡ÿ we‡kl Abyôvb m¤úªPvwiZ nq| 4 †m‡Þ¤î 1998 mvj †_‡K Rbve nviæbx GwUGb
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ nb Ges BmjvwgK wWwfk‡bi cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖvß nb| Zvi ci †_‡K ïiæ nq bZzb
bZzb Abyôvb wbg©vY| †hgb: †QvU‡ì KziAvb wkÿvi Avmi; Bmjvgx `vIqvn; RygAvi LyZev; `vIqvZ I
`xb hy‡M hy‡M; cÖ‡kœvËi-Gi Abyôvb ÒbvgvR I gvmAvjv gvmv‡qjÓ; Bmjvgx Z_¨wPÎ BZ¨vw`| RxebNwbô
cÖ‡kœvËig~jK mivmwi KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Abyôvb ÒmvIqvj I RvIqveÓ mßv‡ni 4 w`b †mvg, g½j,
eya, e„n¯úwZevi ivZ 9Uv †_‡K 9.40wg. ch©šÍ m¤úªPvwiZ nq| AviKvb Djøvn nviæbxi Dc¯vcbvq
gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg Avhv`-Gi AskMÖn‡Y D³ AbyôvbwU `yB mßvn GwUGb evsjvq m¤úªPv‡ii ci
wUAviwc wi‡cv‡U© mvIqvj I RvIqve AbyôvbwU cÖ_‡g P‡j Av‡m| Avi G Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g GwUGb
evsjvi RbwcÖqZv evsjvi N‡i N‡i †cu․‡Q hvq| GwUGb evsjvi Av‡iK PgKcÖ` we‡bv`bg~jK Abyôvb wQj
Òwe‡bv`b RygAvÔeviÓ| 2004 mv‡ji †deªqvwi †_‡K weKvj 3.30-4.30 wgwbU ch©šÍ cÖPvi nq| `yB
eQie¨vcx D³ Abyôvb ÒciKv‡ji cvVkvjvÓ bv‡g m¤úªPvi nq|
GwUGb evsjv-Gi eZ©gvb Abyôvbmg~n : 1.•`wbK cÖfvZx Abyôvb gvjv: ZvÔwjg~j KziAvb; wZjvIqvZ I
Zvdmxiæj KziAvb; Ò`vi‡m nv`xmÓ| 2.RygÔAv ev‡ii Abyôvb : †kÖwYK‡ÿ Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm cÖPvi, mKvj
8.30wg. I RygÔAv ev‡ii Bmjvgx Abyôvb : cÖPvi `ycyi 12.10wgwbU; 3. eyaev‡ii Abyôvb : Bmjvgx
mvIqvj I RvIqve : mivmwi 5.20wg:; 3.e„n¯úwZevi : Bmjvgx mvIqvj I RvIqve, mKvj 10.20wg.| G
Qvov Bmjvgx wèm Dcj‡ÿ GKvwaK Abyôvb wbg©vY I m¤úªPvi K‡i _v‡K| cÖwZ ivgv`v‡b wbqwgZ Abyôv‡bi
cvkvcvwk eo `ywU wiq¨vwjwU †kv wbg©vY K‡i _v‡K| GwUGb evsjv `xN© `yB hyM hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK
DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
2.P¨v‡bj AvB: P¨v‡bj AvB GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK I evsjv fvlvq m¤úªPvwiZ RbwcÖq †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj|
evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvi †ZRMuvI GjvKv‡Z wUwf P¨v‡bjwUi cÖavb Kvh©vjq| 1999 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡ii
1 Zvwi‡L Abyôvb I msev` cÖPv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ Ôü`‡q evsjv‡`kÕ †køvMvb wb‡q Gi m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq| GwU
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wWwRUvj evsjv †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj|127
Bmjvgx Abyôvb
1. 1999 mv‡ji 1A‡±vei m¤úªPv‡i Avmvi ci H eQ‡ii igRvb gvm †_‡K BmjvwgK Abyôvb cÖPvi ïiæ
nq| igRv‡b mvnixi mgq cÖwZw`b 1cviv K‡i wZjvIqv‡Z KziAvb cÖPvi ïiæ nq|
2. cieZx‡©Z 2000 mvj †_‡K Òm‡Zï mÜ¨v‡bÓ GKwU Abyôvb ïiæ nq| hvi g‡a¨ wQj wZjvIqvZ,
Zvdwmi, gwnjv½b, nvg`-bvZ, wPwVc‡Îi cÖ‡kœvËi|
126 gvndzR Avbvg m¤úvw`Z, †WBwj ÷vi, XvKv : †deªqvwi 4, 2006 wLª. ; https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › GwUGbÑevsjv
127 gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK gvbeRwgb, 14 eQ‡i P¨v‡bj AvB, XvKv: 1A‡±vei 2012; https://bn.wikipedia.org ›
wiki›
295
3. gvIjvbv byiæj Bmjvg dviæKxi Dc¯vcbvq Bmjvgx ¯vcZ¨ wb`k©‡bi HwZnvwmK ¯v‡bi ågY welqK
we‡kl Abyôvb ÒKv‡djvÓ hv cÖwZ igRv‡b cÖPvi nq|
4. Bgjvgx wèm‡Kw›`ªK mivmwi I †iK‡W©W Abyôvb wbg©vY I m¯úªPvi Kiv nq| cÖwZ igRvb gv‡m
mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb Òm‡Zï mÜ¨v‡bÓ BdZv‡ii c~‡e© ÒKv‡djvÓ I mvnix‡Z ÒwZjvIqvZ I
ZiRgvÓ Abyôvb cy‡iv gvm Ry‡o m¤úªPvi Kiv nq|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, P¨v‡bj AvB `xN© 22 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
3. GKz‡k †Uwjwfkb ev BwUwf: GKz‡k †Uwjwfkb ev BwUwf evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU †emiKvwi †Uwjwfkb
m¤úªPvi †K›`ª| Abyôvb I msev` cÖPv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ ÔcwieZ©‡b Aw½Kvie×Õ ‡køvMvb wb‡q 2000 mv‡ji 14B
GwcÖj GwU m¤úªPvi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| 2002 mv‡ji 29 AvMó wUwf †K›`ªwU m¤úªPvi AvBb j•NbRwbZ
gvgjvi Kvi‡Y eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| cieZx©‡Z 2005 mv‡ji 14GwcÖj cybivq kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ m¤úªPv‡ii
AbygwZ jvf Ki‡jI Db¥y³ m¤úªPvi ÿgZv we‡jvc Kiv nq| gvgjvi GKch©v‡q gvwjKvbvi wKQzUv
cwieZ©b N‡U|128
BmjvwgK Abyôvb: 2000 mv‡ji C‡` wgjv`ybbexi Abyôvb w`‡q ïiæ nq GKz‡k †Uwjwfk‡bi BmjvwgK
Abyôvb| cieZx©‡Z igRvb gv‡m ÒHkxÓ bv‡g GKwU Bmjvgx Abyôvb ïiæ nq| cie©Zx‡Z wèm †Kw›`ªK
ïay Bmjvgx Abyôvb m¤úªPvi nZ| eZ©gv‡b `k©K‡ì mivmwi AskMÖn‡Y cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb mßv‡n
GKw`b cÖwZ RygÔAvevi ÒBmjvgx wRÁvmvÓ cÖPvi nq| G Qvov igRvb gv‡m †ekwKQz Bmjvgx Abyôvb
m¤úªPvi K‡i| myiZvs ejv hvq †h, GKz‡k †Uwjwfkb `xN© 21 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ
Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
4.GbwUwf: GbwUwf GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| G‡Z evsjv fvlvq Abyôvb I msev`
cwi‡ek‡bi j‡ÿ¨ 2003 mv‡j Ômg‡qi mv‡_ AvMvgxi c‡_Õ †¯øvMvb wb‡q hvÎv ïiæ K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki
RbwcÖqZg P¨v‡b‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU| P¨v‡bjwUi †Pqvig¨vb I eZ©gvb eë¯vcbv cwiPvjK †gvmv‡ÏK Avjx
dvjy (2011)| P¨v‡bjwU msev`, wkÿvg~jK Abyôvb, bvUK I ivR‣bwZK I agx©q Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|
P¨v‡bjwU 2011 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wUwf P¨v‡bj wnmv‡e AvBGmI mb` jvf K‡i|129
BmjvwgK Abyôvb
1. cÖ_g Abyôvb ÒAvcbvi wRÁvmvÓ| D³ AbyôvbwU cÖ_g wQj †iK‡W©W Abyôvb| cie©Zx‡Z D³
AbyôvbwU mivmwi m¤úªPv‡ii wm×všÍ nq| eZ©gv‡b AbyôvbwU m¤úªPvwiZ nq mßv‡ni cÖwZ RygÔAv evi
†ejv 11Uv-11.40 Uv ch©šÍ|
2. ïiæi w`‡K Avcbvi wRÁvmv Abyôv‡bi cvkvcvwk Ò¯§„wZi RvbvjvÓ bv‡g bZzb GKwU Abyôvb ïiæ K‡i
GbwUwf KZ…©cÿ|
Pjgvb Bmjvgx Abyôvb
Avcbvi wRÁvmv: `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y mivmwi m¤úªPvwiZ cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb hv cÖwZ RygÔAvevi †ejv
11Uv †_‡K mivmwi m¤úªPvwiZ nq Ges cÖwZ iwe I eyaevi 5.40wgwbw‡U †iK‡W©W wn‡m‡e m¤úªPvwiZ nq|
D‡jøL¨ †h, Avcbvi wRÁvmv AbyôvbwU cÖwZ ivgv`vb gv‡m gvme¨cx cÖwZw`b mivmwi m¤úªPvwiZ nq|
Av‡jvKcvZ : cÖwZ kwbevi weKvj 5.40wg: Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ welq wb‡q mvßvwnK we‡kl Av‡qvRb m¤úªPvi
Kiv nq|
ì‡m nv`xm: nv`x‡mi e¨L¨v we‡køYg~jK Abyôvb| GwU cÖwZ RygÔAvevi †ejv 1.15wg: cÖPvwiZ nq|
128 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › GKz‡k †Uwjwfkb

129 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › GbwUwf; Profile of Top Management” International Telivision Channel
Ltd. (NTV) n‡Z msM„nxZ
296
KziAvb I weÁvb: KziAv‡b D‡jøwLZ weÁv‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q AvaywbK weÁv‡bi mv‡_ ch©v‡jvPbv welqK
we‡kl Abyôvb GB cvwÿK AbyôvbwU gv‡m `yBevi weKvj 5.40wg. G m¤úªPvwiZ nq|
GKk‡ã KziAvb wkÿvi Avmi :KziAvb wkÿvi Avmi gvIjvbv K¡vix Aveyj nvmvbvZ †gv: Bg`v`yjøvn KZ…©K
cwiPvwjZ nq|
ivgv`vb gv‡m gvme¨vcx wewfbœ Abyôvb
eiKZgq mvnix :cweÎ gv‡n ivgv`v‡b mvnixi mgq wewfbœ welq wb‡q UK‡kv mvnixi mgq dR‡ii
Avhv‡bi c~‡e©i 40wgwbU|
KziAv‡bi Av‡jv : GwU GKwU BmjvwgK wi‡qwjwU †kv| KziAv‡bi Av‡jv dvD‡Ûkb-Gi ZË¡veav‡b D³
Abyôv‡bi mKj Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| 2013 mvj †_‡K GbwUwf †_‡K GK N›Uvi PvsK kZ© mv‡c‡ÿ
wbg©vY I m¤úªPvi Kiv nq| Abya© 15 eQi eqmx nv‡dRMY †`k-we‡`k †_‡K AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| G
Qvov Bmjvgx wèm †Kw›`ªK wewfbœ Abyôvb wbg©vY I m¤úªPvi K‡i _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq †h, GbwUwf `xN©
18 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
5. evsjvwfkb: evsjvwfkb GKwU DcMÖn-wfwËK evsjv‡`kx P¨v‡bj| Ò`„wó Ry‡o †`kÓ GB †¯øvMvb‡K wb‡q
2006 mv‡ji 31 gvP© AvbyôvwbK m¤úªPvi ïiæ K‡i| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq GKwU P¨v‡bj| P¨v‡bjwUi
†Pqvig¨vb Avãyj nK I eë¯vcbv cwiPvjK Rbve Avwgbyj nK|130
Bmjvgx Abyôvbgvjv: evsjvwfk‡b m¤úªPvwiZ Bmjvgx Abyôvbgvjv wb¤œiƒc-
*ag© I Rxeb: `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y Rxeb Nwbô wewfbœ cÖ‡kœi mivmwi mgvavb †R‡b †bqvi we‡kl Abyôvb|
mßv‡n 1w`b RygAvÔevi weKvj 3-4Uv|
*KziAv‡bi Av‡jv : 2009 mvj †_‡K Ly‡` nv‡dR‡ì AskMÖn‡Y cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK weM †kv|
* eZ©gv‡b cÖwZw`b mKv‡j KziAvb wZjvIqvZ; *mvßvwnK e„n¯úwZ I ïµevi Bmjvgx Abyôvb;*gvwmK I
igRv‡b wZbwU K‡i BmjvwgK UK‡kv; * igRv‡b: BdZvi, mvnvix I KziAvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Abyôvb;
*Bmjvg : mZ¨ I my›ì-eZ©gv‡b Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ welq wb‡q UK‡kv AbywôZ nq| G‡Z cÖwZ Rygv evi
GKwU K‡i 52 mßv‡n 52wU Ges igRvb gv‡m GKwU K‡i 30wU me©‡gvU 82wU †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g KziAvb-
nv`xm wfwËK UK‡kv cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` Gi M‡elYv, MÖšbv I Dc¯vcbvq AbywôZ nq|
AZGe ejv hvq †h, evsjvwfkb `xN© 15 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
6. AviwUwf: AviwUwf evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖPvwiZ GKwU DcMÖn †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| GwU 26 wW‡m¤î
2005-G m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq| 131 GKB gvwjKvbvaxb 2003 mv‡j GbwUwf bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU DcMÖn
†Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj ¯vwcZ Kiv n‡qwQj| GB wUwf P¨v‡bjwUi cÖavb Kvh©vjq weGm Bwm feb, KviIqvb
evRvi, XvKv| 2012 mv‡j AviwUwf wek¦Ry‡o Zv‡ì Abyôvb¸‡jv m¤úªPv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ mivmwi AbjvBb I
I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g m¤úªPvi ïiæ K‡i| Gi gvwjKvbvq i‡q‡Qb †e½j wgwWqv K‡c©v‡kb wjwg‡UW|132
Bmjvgx Abyôvbmg~n
AviwUwf m¤úªPv‡i Avmvi ci wkï mvwnwZ¨K gvneyeyj nK‡K BmjvwgK wefv‡Mi `vwqZ¡ †`qv nq| Rbve
gvneyeyj nK `vwqZ¡ cvIqvi ci KziAvb-nv`xmwfwËK wb‡¤œ ewY©Z Abyôvbmg~n m¤úªPv‡ii wm×všÍ MÖnY
K‡ib|
kZ cÖkœ : wW‡m¤î 2005 mv‡j cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb cÖPvwiZ nq
130. https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › evsjvwfkb

131 evsjv‡`k AeRvf©vi, 11b‡f¤î 2005; https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › AviwUwf
132 cÖv¸³
297
KziAvb I weÁvb: KziAvb I weÁvb wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK we‡kl Abyôvb|

nv`xm cvV: nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v I we‡kølYg~jK we‡kl Abyôvb|
ivgv`v‡bi we‡kl Abyôvb: 1.Av‡jvKgqx igRvb 2. gwngvgqx igRvb 3.eiKZgq mvnix
G Qvov wewfbœ wèm †Kw›`ªK AviwUwf KZ…©cÿ wewfbœ Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i‡Q| AviwUwf‡Z 2005
†_‡K ïiæ n‡q 2007 ch©šÍ D³ Abyôvb wbg©vY I m¤úªPvi nq| Bmjvgx wefv‡Mi cÖavb Rbve gvnveyeyj
nK 2007 mv‡j AviwUwf †_‡K P‡j Avmvi ci D‡jøwLZ AwaKvsk Abyôvb eÜ n‡q hvq|
eZ©gv‡b Bmjvgx Abyôvbgvjv
cÖkœ Kiæb : Rxeb Nwbô wewfbœ welq wb‡q †Uwj‡dv‡b `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y mivmwi we‡kl Abyôvb| mßv‡ni
cÖwZ e„n¯úwZ I ïµevi weKvj 4.30wg. G mivmwi cÖPvwiZ nq|
RygAvi fvlY: RygAvi LyZevi ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK ÷zwWI‡Z we‡kl Abyôvb|
ü`‡q gmwR`: wewfbœ gmwR‡ì Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µg wb‡q AvDU‡Wvi wfwËK we‡kl Abyôvb|
Rxeb †R¨vZx : Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ welq wb‡q UK †kv| G QvovI ivgv`v‡b AviwUwf KZ…©cÿ †ek wKQz
Abyôvb K‡i _v‡K| ZvB ejv hvq †h, AviwUwf `xN© 16 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ
Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q|
7. •ekvLx wUwf: evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU DcMÖn-wfwËK †Uwjwfkb †÷kb| evsjvfvlvq m¤úªPvwiZ GB
†Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bjwUi ÷zwWI XvKvi gnvLvjx‡Z Aew¯Z| cy‡iv †`k Ry‡o m¤úªPvi ïiæ nq 27 wW‡m¤î
2005 mv‡j|
Bmjvgx Abyôvb: •ekvLx wUwf‡Z cÖ_g Bmjvgx Abyôvb ÒwemwgjøvnÓ wk‡ivbv‡g gvIjvbv RvwKi †nv‡mb
Avhv`xi cwiPvjbvq D³ AbyôvbwU cÖPvwiZ n‡Zv| †h Abyôv‡b 1. wZjvIqvZ, ZiRgv, Zvdmxi 2.
Bmjvgx Mvb BZ¨vw` w`‡q D³ AbyôvbwU m¤úªPvi Kiv n‡Zv|
Bmjvgx Rxeb : mš¿vm, Rw½ev` I `yb©xwZgy³ mgvR MV‡b Bmjvg wel‡q Dcw¯Z `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y
cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| avivevwnKfv‡e D³ AbyôvbwU 2007 †_‡K 2010 mvj ch©šÍ cÖPvi nq|
mgmvgwqK welq wQj D³ Abyôv‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq| welq mswkøó miKvix-†e-miKvwi `vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³MY
D³ Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib|
igRv‡bi mIMvZ : 2007 mv‡ji igRvb †_‡K gvme¨vcx cÖwZw`b mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb|
my›ì Rxeb: wba©vwiZ wel‡q cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb hv igRvb gvm e¨wZZ Ab¨vb¨ gv‡m †iK©W K‡i cÖwZw`b
†fvi 6 Uvq cÖPvi Kiv nq|
Av‡jvwKZ c_ : bex I ivm~j‡ì wewfbœ HwZnvwmKmn weL¨vZ ¯vcbvi Dci we‡kl cÖvgvb¨ wPÎ| igRvb
gv‡m cÖPvwiZ nq|
Kj¨vYgq mvnix : igRv‡b mvnixi wewfbœ welq wb‡q we‡kl UK †kv|
ü`‡q RygÔAv evi : wZjvIqvZ, Abyev`, Zvdwmi I welqwfwËK Av‡jvPbv wb‡q ü`‡q RygÔAvev‡ii
Abyôvb mvRv‡bv nq| hv ïµevi `ycyi 12:45 wgwb‡U cÖPvwiZ nq|
†`‡k cÖev‡m Bmjvg : ïµevi `ycyi 12:10 mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| cieZx‡©Z bZzb Av‡iKwU
Abyôvb wbg©vY K‡ib hvi bvg ÒkvwšÍi ag©Ó| cÖwm× 4wU a‡g©i cwÐZ‡ì AskMÖn‡Y `k©K‡ì mivmwi
cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| GQvovI •ekvLx †Uwjwfkb wewfbœ wèm‡Kw›`ªK Bmjvgx Abyôvb cÖPvi K‡i _v‡K|
igRvb gv‡m 2wU eo wi‡qwjwU †kv nq| ZvB ejv hvq †h, •ekvLx wUwf `xN© 15 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm
wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq f~wgKv †i‡L Pj‡Q|
8. BmjvwgK †Uwjwfkb: BmjvwgK †Uwjwfkb GKwU DcMÖn-wfwËK evsjv fvlvi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| 14
GwcÖj 2007 G m¤úªPv‡i ïiæ nq| GwUi Awdm 3evi cwieZ©b n‡q me©‡kl Awdm wQj 34/1 cwiev‡M|
298
GwU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g BmjvwgK m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡bj| 5 †g 2013 Zvwi‡L Z_¨ I cÖhyw³ AvB‡b m¤úªPvi
mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ Kiv nq|133
BmjvwgK †Uwjwfk‡bi BwZe„Ë : 2004 mv‡j †gRi (Ae:) mvC` BmKv›`vi, K‡Y©j †gv¯Ídv Av‡bvqvi,
K‡Y©j dwi`yj AvKevi, Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ GB wZb eÜzi ‡h․_ D‡`¨v‡M GKwU †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj
cÖwZôv K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki h_vh_ AvBb †g‡b ZrKvjxb miKvi GB wUwfi Aby‡gv`b †`b| cwiPvjK
wn‡m‡e mv‡_ Iev‡q`yi ingvb Lvb b`fx I kvnveyÏxb‡K hy³ Kiv nq| m¤úªPv‡i Avmvi c~‡e© Abyôvb
wefv‡Mi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Kwe gywne Lvub| mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b wQ‡jb W¨vwÛ WvBs-Gi wgwWqv g¨vbvRvi Rbve
kvnRvbyj Bmjvg cjvk| 2007 G weGmBwm fe‡b AwMœKv‡Ð ïiæ‡ZB wecyj cwigv‡b ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq
GB P¨v‡bjwU| cieZx‡Z© cwiev‡M Awdm ¯vbvšÍi Kiv nq| cwiev‡M BmjvwgK wUwf ¯vbvšÍ‡ii ci †gRi
(Aemi) mvB` BmKv›`vi †Uwjwfk‡bi welq Mfxi gb‡hvMx nb| Zvi cwiKíbv, wPšÍv, eyw× I we‡eK w`‡q
BmjvwgK wUwf‡K ax‡i ax‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gymjgvb‡ì wbKU RbwcÖq K‡i Zz‡jb| M‡o Zy‡jb KziAvb I
mnxn mybœvni Av‡jv‡K GKwU c~Y©v½ m¨v‡UjvBU P¨v‡bj| P¨v‡bjwUi m¤úªPvi eZ©gv‡b eÜ i‡q‡Q|
 BmjvwgK wUwfi RbwcÖq Abyôvbmg~n
1. Wv: RvwKi bv‡q‡Ki †jKPvi evsjvq Wvwes K‡i cÖPvi|
2. †R‡bwbb : `k©K‡ì mivmwi AskMÖn‡Y RxebNwbô cÖ‡kœvËig~jK cÖwZw`‡bi Abyôvb| mßv‡n 4 w`b
mivmwi I 3 w`b c~b:cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv|
3. nv`x‡m ivm~j (mv.) : mnxn nv`x‡mi welqwfwËK we‡kølYg~jK avivevwnK Abyôvb|
4. Zvdmxiæj KziAvb: KziAv‡b Kvix‡gi avivevwnK Zvdmxi welqK Abyôvb|
5. Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K wPwKrmv weÁvb : wPwKrmv weÁv‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q Bmjvgx mgvavb †R‡b †bqvi
mvßvwnK avivevwnK we‡kl Abyôvb|
6. mvjvZ : kÖóvi mvwbœa¨ : mnxnfv‡e mvjvZ Av`v‡qi wewfbœ wbqg-Kvby‡bi Abyôvb|
7. Av‡jvKgvjv : AvDU‡Wv‡i wba©vwiZ wel‡qi Dci Av‡jvPbv I `k©K‡ì D¤§y³ cÖ‡kœvË‡ii wfbœagx©
avivevwnK mvßvwnK we‡kl Abyôvb|
8. g°v g`xbvi RygAvi LyZev : g°v g`xbvi RygAvi LyZev evsjvq Wvwes K‡i m¤úªPvwiZ RygAvev‡ii
wbqwgZ Av‡qvRb|
9. mybœvni Av†jv‡K gywgb Rxeb: GKRb gywg‡bi Rxeb hvc‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q avivevwnK mvßvwnK
Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb|
10.hvKvZ-B mg„w×: Bmjv‡gi hvKvZ weavb, AvaywbK we‡k¦i †cÖÿvc‡U ev¯Íevq‡bi †K․kj wb‡q 12 c‡e©i
avivevwnK we‡kl Abyôvb|
11. Kvevi c‡_ :gymwjg D¤§vni gnv mw¤§jb nv¾ m¤úwK©Z mvwe©K wel‡q †Uwj‡dv‡b `k©K‡ì mivmwi
AskMÖnY I †UwjKb&dv‡i‡Ý GKRb we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZmn †`ke‡iY¨ Av‡j‡g`xb‡ì AskMÖn‡Y
30c‡e©i mivmwi Abyôvb|
12. Bmiv I wgÔivR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv: gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn mv:-Gi Bmiv I wgivR Dcj‡ÿ KziAvb I
mybœvq †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q Zvi †h․w³K we‡kølYg~jK 4 c‡e©i we‡kl Abyôvb|
13. •`bw›`b Rxe‡b Bmjvg : gvby‡li •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ Abym½ wb‡q bvwUKv I Zvi Av‡jv‡K
KziAvb I mybœvni mgvavb †h‡b †bqvi avivevwnK mvßvwnK c¨v‡bj Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb|
14. e¨vUj Ad Bmjvg: Bmjv‡g msNwVZ hy‡×i 27wU MvRIqv I AmsL mvwiqvi Kvib I djvdj wb‡q
mvßvwnK wbqwgZ we‡kl Abyôvb|
133 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › BmjvwgK wUwf
299
igRvb gv‡mi Abyôvbmg~n

1. mgvMZ gv‡n ivgv`vb : ivgv`v‡bi c~e©cÖ¯‧wZ wb‡q KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K cÖ¯‧wZg~jK Av‡jvPbv
Abyôvb, hv igRv‡bi 15 w`b c~e© †_‡K cÖPvi nZ|
2. Zvivwe‡K Rvbyb : evsjv‡`‡ki 64wU †Rjvq wM‡q H‡Rjvi RbwcÖq Av‡jgMY I `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y
LZ‡g Zvivexn‡Z cwVZe¨ As‡ki avivevwnK we‡kølY, KiYxq I eR©bxq wb‡q we‡kl Abyôvb|
3. igRv‡bi ev‡ivZv : BdZv‡ii c~‡e© Bmjvgx wewfbœ welq wb‡q g¨vMvwRb Abyôvb hv ivgv`v‡bi
cÖwZw`‡bi Av‡qvRb|
4. 30 Steps to Heven : cweÎ gv‡n igRv‡bii HwZnvwmK wewfbœ wel‡qi cvkvcvwk igRv‡bi ¸iæZ¡ I
Zvrch© wb‡q we‡kl Abyôvb| GB Abyôv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK, wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡
I BmjvwgK ¯‥jviMY AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb|
5. eiKZgq mvnix: igRv‡b mvnixi BwZnvm, eiKZ, †ivhvi wewfbœ welq, gywgb Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq
welq wb‡q UK †kv| wKD Gm gvwëwgwWqv I `vIqvn wUwfi †h․_ cÖ‡hvRbvq D³ AbyôvbwU wbg©vY I
cÖPvi n‡q‡Q|
6. wUwKU Uz n¨v‡fb : eQi Ry‡o nvRvi gv‡mi PvB‡Z †kÖô GKwU ivZ i‡q‡Q Avi Zv nj jvBjvZzj K¡ì
†hw`b gnv MÖš Avj-KziAvbyj Kvix bvwhj K‡i‡Qb| 20 igRvb-Gi ci †e‡Rvo w`b¸‡jv‡Z H
ivwÎ‡K Zvjvk Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv i‡q‡Q| †miv †mB eiKZgq ivwÎwUi eiKZ cvIqvi Avkvq H
iv‡Zi eiKZ, dwRjZ I gh©v`vi wewfbœ welq wb‡q 5 c‡e©i we‡kl Abyôvb hv igRv‡bi 20, 22,
24, 26, 28 Zg iv‡Z m¤úªPvi n‡q _v‡K|
C‡ì RbwcÖq Abyôvb
1. D‡ëv : KziAvb I mybœvn Kx e‡j, Avi Avgiv Kx Kwi, A_©vZ wb‡Ri I mgv‡Ri Rb¨ hv fvj Zv bv
K‡i D‡ëv KvRwU Ki‡Z gvbyl †ewk cQ›` K‡i GB ai‡bi wKQz w_g wb‡q C‡ì we‡kl Av‡qvRb|
2. Avevi Avwme wd‡i: igRv‡bi GKgvm wmqvg cvjb Kivi ci C` mgvMZ nq| GKgv‡mi †h we‡kl
Bev`vZ, GwU Avevi I GKwU eQi ci wd‡i Avm‡e, wKš‧ gymwjg D¤§vn Zvi nK h_vh_ cvjb Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Q Kx bv, A_P igRvb P‡j hv‡”Q Avi †m Rvwb‡q w`‡”Q Avwg P‡j hvw”Q : Avevi I wd‡i Avme
GKwU eQi ci| igRv‡bi GB cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwß wb‡q C‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb|
Kzievbxi I Avgv‡ì mgvR : C`yj Avhnv Dcj‡ÿ Kzievbxi wewfbœ †K․kj, c×wZ, cï I cwi‡ek
†Kw›`ªK wewfbœ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I mwPÎ cÖwZ‡e`bg~jK Abyôvb| AZGe ejv hvq †h, BmjvwgK wUwf
`xN© 06 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq
Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb iv‡L|
9. gvBwUwf : gvB wUwf GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK evsjvfvlvi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| cÖqvZ I‡g`v †eMg evsjv
fvlv Ges ms¯‥…wZ Qwo‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨ gvBwUwf cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb| GwU 15 GwcÖj 2010 †_‡K cÖPvwiZ
n‡”Q| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki RbwcÖq wUwf P¨v‡bj| we‡k¦I 153 †`‡k m¤úªPvwiZ nq| evsjv wm‡bgv cÖPv‡ii
Rb¨ MÖv‡g †ek RbwcÖq GB wUwf P¨v‡bjwU| 134
BmjvwgK Abyôvb: RbwcÖq Bmjvgx Abyôvbmg~n wb¤œ iƒc-
Avgvi mKvj: KziAvb I nv`x‡mi wewfbœ welq wb‡q GKK Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb|
n° K_v: `k©K‡ì AskMÖn‡Y mivmwi cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| gvIjvbv byiæj Bmjvg dviæKxi D³
AbyôvbwU mivmwi `k©K‡ì cÖ‡kœvËi w`‡Zb|
mn‡R bvgvR wkÿv: mvjvZ welqK we‡kl Abyôvb|
134 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › gvB wUwf
300
Zvwjgyj KziAvb: gvIjvbv K¡vix †gv: †mwjg-Gi wbR¯^ †K․k‡j, bZzb c×wZ‡Z MvRx Avbvm-Gi
cÖ‡hvRbvq KziAvb mnxnfv‡e wkÿv Kivi cÖwkÿbg~jK wbqwgZ we‡kl Abyôvb|
gymvwdi: gvIjvbv †n`vqvZ Djøvni Dc¯vcbvq ivgv`vb cy‡iv gvm Ry‡o we‡k¦i wewfbœ¯v‡b Bmjvgx wewfbœ
¯vcbv I wb`k©‡bi Dci WKz‡g›Uvix| wKD Gm gvwëwgwWqv I cÖ‡hvRbvq D³ AbyôvbwU m¤úªPvi nq| ZvB
ejv hvq †h, gvBwUwf `xN© 11 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq f~wgKv ‡i‡L Pj‡Q|
10. P¨v‡bj Uz‡qw›U‡dvi: P¨v‡bj Uz‡qw›U‡dvi GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK m¨v‡UjvBU †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| 2012
135
mv‡ji 2 †g e„n¯úwZevi AvbyôvwbKfv‡e c_Pjv ïiæ K‡i| GwU ïiæ‡Z we‡bv`b I msev` Ges
cieZx©‡Z msev` wbf©i wUwf‡Z iƒcvšÍi nq|
Bmjvgx Abyôvb
kvwšÍi c‡_: cÖwZ RygAvev‡i KziAvb-nv`x‡mi welqwfwËK we‡kl Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb|
Av‡jvi Ávb : mßv‡ni cÖwZ RygAvev‡i 12:10 wbqwgZ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi wewfbœ welq wb‡q UK †kv|
†`ke‡iY¨ L¨vwZgvb Av‡jvPKMY D³ Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY K‡ib|
Av‡jvwKZ bvix : bvix A½‡bi wewfbœ welq wb‡q wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gwnjv Aa¨vcK I M‡elK‡ì
AskMÖn‡Y Av‡jvPbv Abyôvb| cÖwZ RygAvevi `ycyi 12:30 wg:| G Qvov Bmjvgx we‡kl wèm‡Kw›`ªK
wewfbœ Abyôvb m¤úªPvi K‡i _v‡K P¨v‡bj KZ…©cÿ|
11.wRwUwf: wRwUwf GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK evsjvfvlvi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| 2012 mv‡ji 12 Ryb
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e hvÎv ïiæ K‡i GB P¨v‡bjwU| 136 evsjv‡`‡ki ivRavbx XvKvi †m¸bevwMPv‡Z P¨v‡bjwUi
cÖavb Kvh©vjq Aew¯Z| 2014 mv‡j P¨v‡bjwU 156 †KvwU UvKv w`‡q 6 eQ‡ii Rb¨ wewmwei m¤úªPvi ¯^Ë¡
wK‡b †bq|137
Bmjvgx Abyôvbmg~n
Rxe‡bi Av‡jv : cÖwZw`b †fvi‡ejv myjwjZ K‡Ú wZjvIqvZ, ZiRgv I nvg`-bv‡Zi mgš^‡q we‡kl
Abyôvb| wZjvIqv‡Zi AwWI‡Z wZjvIqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ `„‡kï gva¨‡g, my›ì K‡i Aviex †U·
MÖvwd·-Gi mgš^‡q AbyôvbwU wbg©vY Kiv nZ| nvg` I bvZ cwi‡ekb Ki‡Zb †`‡ki cÖL¨vZ bRiæj I
Bmjvgx m½x‡Zi wewfbœ wkíxe„›`|
wRÁvmv I Reve: †Uwj‡dv‡b `k©K‡ì mivmwi AskMÖn‡Y RxebNwbó wewfbœ welq wb‡q †`ke‡iY¨ Bmjvgx
wPšÍvwe`‡ì AskMÖn‡Y cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb|
12. Gwkqvb wUwf: Gwkqvb wUwf GKwU DcMÖn wfwËK evsjv fvlvi †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡bj| 18 Rvbyqvwi 2013
mv‡j P¨v‡bjwU c~Y©v½ m¤úªPv‡i Av‡m|138 Gwkqvb cwiev‡ii KY©avi nviæb Avi-ikx` wmAvBwc P¨v‡bjwUi
P¨vqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b i‡q‡Qb|
BmjvwgK Abyôvb
Gwkqvb wUwf‡Z wbqwgZ wKQz Bmjvgx Abyôvb n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e †mB Abyôvbmg~n wewfbœ nvDR-Gi
ZË¡veav‡b PvsK-Gi gva¨‡g Gwkqvb wUwf‡Z m¤úªPvi nq| wb‡gœ Dc¯vcb Kiv nj|
1. Zvdwmiæj KziAvb :KziAvbyj Kvix‡gi Zvdwmi welqK Abyôvb| cÖwZw`b mKvj 7:30 wgwb‡U cÖPvi
nq| wKD gvwëwgwWqv|
135 https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › P¨v‡bj Ñ Uz‡qw›U‡dvi

136. Gg G Lvb gvmy` m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK RbKÚ, XvKv: 30†g 2014; https://bn.wikipedia.org › wiki › wRwUwf
137. gwZDi ingvb, m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, XvKv: 17‡g 2014 I 30 †g 2014|
138. c~Y©v½ m¤úªPv‡i Gwkqvb wUwf, •`wbK mgKvj, 19 Rvbyqvwi 2013, kwbevi|
301
2. Bmjvgx mvIqvj RvIqve: cÖwZ RygAvevi †ejv 11:30 wg. Rxeb Nwbô wewfbœ welq wb‡q welqwfwËK
cÖ‡kœvËig~jK Abyôvb| evsjv‡`‡ki †miv wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡MY D³ Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb|
3. eiKZgq mvnix : igRv‡b mvnixi we‡kl Abyôvb, G‡Z †`ke‡iY¨ Av‡jgMY D³ Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY
K‡i‡Qb|
4. †gveviK †nv gv‡n igRvb : igRv‡bi mvnix‡Z we‡kl Abyôvb
5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm : Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm, HwZn¨ I ¯vcbvi cwiwPwZ wb‡q †`‡k I we‡`‡ki wewfbœ
¯vb †_‡K †iKwW©sK…Z we‡kl Abyôvb|
6. Av‡jvwKZ igRvb : wek¦Rqx nv‡dR‡ì Rxeb I Kg© wb‡q we‡kl Abyôvb|
ZvB ejv hvq †h, GwkqvbwUwf `xN© 08 eQi hver KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK DwjøwLZ Abyôvbvw` m¤úªPv‡ii
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq f~wgKv ‡i‡L Pj‡Q|
Bwj±ªwbK wgwWqvq nv`xm PP©vi cÖfve
Bwj±ªwbK wgwWqvi gva¨‡g Bmjvg Z_v nv`xm PP©vi avivq Af~Zc~e© mvdj¨ m~wPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi e‡`․j‡Z
cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvwôi †`vi‡Mvov ch©šÍ Øx‡bi `vIqvZ †c․uQv‡bv mnR n‡q‡Q| gvbyl wewfbœ wUwf P¨v‡b‡j
cÖPvwiZ G mKj Abyôv‡b Avgwš¿Z we`» cwÐZ e¨w³e‡M©i gva¨‡g ag©xq (KziAvb-nv`x‡mi) Ávb jv‡fi
mv‡_ mv‡_ wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavbI Lyu‡R cvq| Bwj±ªwbK wgwWqvi Kj¨v‡Y Øxb cÖ Pv‡ii KvR Lye mnR I
RbwnZKi wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡jI ev¯Í‡e Gi wKQz weiƒc cÖfveI i‡q‡Q| †Kbbv ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q
†h, wgwWqv KZ…©cÿ mgq I hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K wewfbœ wel‡q Abyôvb m¤úªPvi K‡i _v‡Kb| G‡KK
Abyôv‡bi wfbœ gZ I Av`‡k©i AwZw_ Avgš¿Y Kiv nq, wKsev GKB wel‡q wfbœ wfbœ gZv`k© jvjbKvix
Av‡jg‡ì wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡j Av‡jvPK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiv nq, d‡j gZv`‡k©i wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y wewfbœ
Nivbvi Avwjg-Ijvgv I nv`xmwe`MY wbR¯^ gZv`k© I `k©‡bi wfwË‡Z e³e¨ Dc¯vcb K‡ib Ges GKB
wRÁvmvi ci¯úi we‡ivax e³e¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb| hvi Kvi‡Y mvaviY RbMY KL‡bv KL‡bv wàv-Ø‡Ø, KLbI
weåvwšÍi g‡a¨ wbcwZZ nb| GKB wel‡qi mgvavb G‡KK ¯‥jvi wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e Dc¯vcb K‡ib weavq
mgv‡R me©mvaviY‡ì gv‡SI gZcv_©‡Kï cÖfve jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q| Gi Kvi‡Y mgv‡R gZv`k© wfwËK wfbœ
wfbœ mgvR eë¯vI w`‡K avweZ nIqvi cÖeYZv cÖwZfvZ n‡”Q| ag©xq Drme, ms¯‥…wZ, C` D`hvcY
BZ¨vw` Kg©KvÐ¸‡jvI wbR wbR Abym„Z Avwjg‡ì Av`‡k© D`hvcb cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q| G ai‡bi
gZcv_©K¨ I ag©xq A‣bK¨ GKw`‡K †hgb mvgvwRK †gjeÜb wX‡jXvjv K‡i bZzb bZzb msKU •Zwi‡Z
Drmvn †hvMvq; †Zgwb a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i me©mvavi‡Yi GK ai‡bi Awbnv m„wó K‡i| d‡j a‡g©i Avmj wkÿv
we¯§„Z n‡q †MvwôMZ `jv`wj‡Z wjß n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
4.2.3 evsjv fvlvq A¨vcwj‡Kkb wfwËK nv`xm PP©v

Z_¨-cÖhyw³i DrKl© mvab RbM‡Yi Rxeb-hvcb‡K A‡bKUv mnR K‡i‡Q| MZ GK `kK Av‡MI gvby‡li
nv‡Z †gvevBj †dvb _vK‡jI ¯§vU© †dvb Gi eënvi eZ©gvb mg‡qi gZ G‡Zv mnRjf¨ wQj bv| GLb
cÖvq gvby‡li nv‡Z ¯§vU© †dvb †`Lv hvq| GÛª‡qU, G¨vcj, DB‡ÛvR BZ¨vw` fvm©‡bi A¨vcwj‡Kkb wm‡÷g
¯§vU© †dv‡bi eënvi AviI Z¡ivwš^Z Ki‡Q| ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi evYx †gvevBj A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g
cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii j‡ÿ¨ m‡PZb we‡klÁ gn‡ji ZË¡veav‡b A‡bK¸‡jv A¨vwcø‡Kkb •Zwi n‡q‡Q| G mKj
A¨vwcø‡Kkb ¯§vU© †dv‡b Bb÷j Kivi gva¨‡g Lye mn‡R nv`x‡mi cvV-cVb I PP©v Kiv hvq| wK¬‡Ki
gva¨‡g gyû‡Z©B jÿ¨ nv`x‡mi ga¨ †_‡K Kvw•ÿZ nv`xmwU Lyu‡R †bIqv hvq| we‡klÁ‡ì mv‡_ Avjvc
K‡i Rvbv †M‡Q †h, A¨vcwj‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi G aviv eZ©gvb mg‡q Av‡iv RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V‡Q|
wb‡¤œ cÖwm× KwZcq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm wfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-
302
Avj nvw`m
AbjvB‡b evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ cÖ‡Z¨KwU nv`xm MÖš mK‡ji Rb¨ mnRjf¨ Kiv, nv`x‡mi WvUv‡em •Zix
Kiv, nv`xm AbymÜv‡bi eë¯v Kiv, nv`x‡mi gvb Z_v mnxn, RÔCd, gvIhyÕ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb Kievi D‡Ï‡k¨
2012 mv‡j hvÎv kiæ nq GB AvB-nv`xm cÖ‡R‡±i| GB A¨vcwU GZUvB `ªæZ KvR K‡i, hvB AbymÜvb Kiv
†nvK bv †Kb me nv`x‡mi eB‡qi †fZi Lyu‡R GK gyû‡Z©B †iRvë †ei K‡i Avb‡Z cv‡i| my`„k¨ GKwU
Wªqvi Av‡Q GB A¨v‡c| G‡Z eyKgvK©, †mwUsm mn †ek wKQz Ackb Av‡Q| G‡Z nv`x‡mi †iÄmn nv`x‡mi
Aa¨vq¸‡jv †`Lv hvq| Aa¨v‡q wK¬K Ki‡j c‡ii †c‡R nv`xm †`Lv‡e| B-nv`xm A¨v‡ci Ab¨Zg g~j
AvKl©Y nv`xm †cR| gvwëcj wfD Ges wm‡½j wfD GB `yBwU wfDB Av‡Q| AviI i‡q‡Q ¯§y_ ¯…j
G·‡cwi‡qÝ| GK nv`xm †_‡K `ªæZ Av‡iK nv`x‡m Rv¤ú Kivi myweavI i‡q‡Q| G‡Z i‡q‡Q mnxn eyLvix,
mnxn gymwjg, Avey `vD`, wZiwgRx, Beb gvRvn, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`mx, 40 nv`xm BZ¨vw` nv`xm MÖšivwR|139
evsjv nvw`m
Òevsjv nv`xmÓ GwU evsjv fvlvq Bmjvg‡K mwVKfv‡e Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj Ávb‡K m¤^š^‡qi GKwU
cÖ‡Póv| eZ©gvb A¨vcwU Ggb fv‡e •Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z †h †KD Gi gva¨‡gB Zvi hveZxq cÖ‡qvRbxq
Bmjvgx Ávb AR©b I msiÿY Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z me©‡gvU 25 wU nv`x‡mi MÖ‡ši AšÍM©Z 84 nvRv‡iiI
AwaK nv`xm i‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx MÖšvejx As‡k Av‡Q 130 wU eB| nv`xm m¤úwK©Z MÖ‡ši g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mnxn
eyLvix (ZvInx`), mnxn eyLvix (Bdvev), mnxn gymwjg (nv`xmGKv‡Wgx), mnxn gymwjg, (Bdvev), mybvb
Ave~ `vD` (ZvnKxKK…Z), mybvb Ave~`vD` (Bdvev), m~bvb AvZ wZiwgRx (Bdvev), m~bvb bvmvC (Bdvev),
mybvb Beb gvRvn, mybvb Av`-`v‡igx, wgkKvZzj gvmvexn (wgkKvZ), wiqvhym mv‡jnxb, gymbv` Avngv`,
gyqvËv gvwjK, mybvb Av`-`vivKzZbx, mnxn kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, Avj-jyjy Iqvj gviRvb, eyjy¸j gvivg,
Avj-Av`veyj gydiv`, nv`xm m¤¢vi, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`mx, ighvb wel‡q Rvj I `~e©j nv`xmmg~n| 140
wZiwghx kixd (m¤ú~Y©)

RvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghx m¤ú~Y© wb‡q GB A¨vc| Bgvg Ave~ Cmv AvZ-wZiwghx (in.) Gi mnxn kvgv‡q‡j
wZiwgwR Ges RvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwgwR Gi m¤^b¦‡q wbwg©Z GwU GKwU wcwWGd †eBmW A¨vc| wZiwghx kixd
I mnxn kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx wcwWGd Gi me LÐ GK mv‡_ cvIqv hvq GB A¨vcmwU‡Z| Bgvg wZiwghx
(in.) c~Y© bvg Avj-Bgvgyj nv‡dR Ave~ Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv Beb mIivn Beb gymv Beb gymv Beb
`vnnvK Avm-myjvgx, Avm-mvKvbx, AvZ-wZiwghx, Avj-eywM| wZwb Rvqûb b`xi †ejvfy‡g Aew¯Z wZiwgh
bvgK cÖvPxb kn‡ii eyM bvgK ¯v‡b 209 wnRix m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb nv`x‡m Acwimxg Áv‡bi
AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Zuvi msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ RvÔwg AvZ-wZiwghx Ab¨Zg| GwU RvÔwg ch©v‡qi
nv`xm MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wØZxq Ges cÖL¨vZ QqwU nv`xm MÖ‡ši g‡a¨ GwUi Ae¯vb Z…Zxq| GB nv`xm MÖšwU
m¤ú‡K© Bgvg wZiwghx e‡jb, Òhvi N‡i GB wKZveLvwb _vK‡e, g‡b Kiv hv‡e †h, Zvi N‡i ¯^qs bex
(mv) Ae¯vb Ki‡Qb I wb‡R K_v ej‡Qb|Ó141
wmnvn wmËvn: weï× nv`x‡mi MÖš’mg~n

wmnvn wmËvni mKj evsjv nv`xm MÖš wb‡q Avj nv`xm A¨vcwUi web¨¯Í| wmnvn wmËvni wKZve ¸wj n‡”Q
mnxûj eyLvix,mnxn gymwjg, mybvb Avey `vD`, mybvb AvZ wZiwgwR, mybvb Beb gvRvn, mybvb bvmvC|
139 Web Version : http://beta.ihadis.com/

140 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hadithbd.banglahadith&hl=en
141 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.royal_bengal_apps.tirmizi_sharif_bangla&hl=en
303
eyLvix kixd Ges gymwjg kixd GB evsjv nv`xm MÖšØq hw` GKB nv`xm ewY©Z _v‡K Zvn‡j †mB
nv`xm‡K ejv nq gyËvdvKzb AvjvBwn nv`xm| eyLvix kixd m¤ú~Y© Ges gymwjg kixd m¤ú~Y©‡K GK mv‡_
ejv nq mnxnvBb| mnxnvBb Qvov AviI PviwU mybvb MÖš i‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi cÖavb QqwU MÖš‡K GKwÎZfv‡e
KzZze Avj wmËvn ev wmnvn wmËvn ejv n‡q _v‡K| wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi wePv‡i G¸‡jvi avivevwnKZv n‡jv:
mnxn eyLvix, msKjK: Bgvg eyLvix (g„.870), mnxn gymwjg, msKjK: gymwjg web nv¾vR (g„.875),
mybvb bvmvC, msKjK: Bgvg bvmvC (g„. 915), mybvb Avey `vD`, msKjK Avey `vD` (g„. 888), mybvb
Avj-wZiwgRx msKjK: gynv¤§` Beb Cmv AvZ-wZiwgRx (g„. 892) I mybvb Beb gvRvn, msKjK: Beb
gvRvn (g„. 887)|142
evsjv welq wfwËK nvw`m
G A¨vcwU‡Z i‡q‡Q eyLvix kixd, gymwjg kixd, wZiwgRx kixd, gyšÍvLve nv`xm BZ¨vw` mnxn nv`xm
MÖšmg~n †_‡K evQvB K…Z nv`xm GQvovI evsjv nv`xm, nv`xm MÖš, evsjv nv`xm kixd, BmjvwgK Dw³,
mnxn nv`xm, bexwRi evYx, RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœvg m¤úwK©Z nv`xm BZ¨vw`| evsjv nv`xm kixd †_‡K †KD
PvB‡j mwVK Drm Lyu‡R †ei KiviI my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|143
gyšÍvLve nvw`m
evsjv Bmjvgx A¨vwcø‡Kkb GKwU RbwcÖq A¨vc| G‡Z ÔgybZvLve nv`xmÕ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm msKjb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| h_v- gyšÍvLve nv`xm: Ask-1 Kv‡jgv, Cgvb, gyšÍvLve nv`xm; Ask-2 bvgvh; Ask-3 Gjg I
wRwKi; Ask-4 GKiv‡g gymwjg; Ask-5 GLjv‡m wbqZ, gyšÍvLve nv`xm; Ask-6 `vIqvZ I ZvejxM;
Ask-7 A‡nZzK K_v I KvRKg© †_‡K evPv| gyšÍvLve nv`xm GKwU AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq nv`x‡mi wKZve| G‡Z
ïay mnxn nv`xm msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB GB wKZvewU me©Rb mgv`„Z n‡q‡Q| G A¨vcmwU w`‡q nv`xm‡K
evsjv/Aviex/Bs‡iRx‡Z Abyev` Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|144
mwnn nvw`‡m Kz`wm kixd

A¨vcwU‡Z mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`wmi me KqwU L‡Ði msKjb GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB AbjvB‡b covi
my‡hvM i‡q‡Q Ges PvB‡j WvDb‡jvW K‡iI AdjvBb cov hvq| Gi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ nv`xmMÖ‡ši g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q- eyLvix kixd, eyjy¸j gvivg, mybv‡b Avey `vD`, Rv‡g AvZ-wZiwgwR, wgkKvZzj gvmvwen, gyqvËv
Bgvg gvwjK, kvgv‡qj wZiwgwh, mnxn dvhv‡q‡j Avgj, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`wm, mnxn gymwjg (7500 wU
nv`xm), mybv‡b Beb gvRvn, mybv‡b Avb-bvmvqx (5700 wU nv`xm), Ave`yj gydiv`, nv`xm m¤¢vi, 102 wU
Rvj nv`xm,Avj-jyjy Iqvj gviRvb, wgkKv‡Z Rwqd nv`xm, RyRDj ivdv‡qj Bqv`vBb, ivm~j (mv.)-Gi
100 wU mnxn nv`xm, wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, wmjmxjv mnxnv, mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zvnwie A¨vcm¸‡jv
cvVK‡ì g~jëvb K‡g‡›Um I †iwUs w`‡q cÖKvkK‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv n‡q‡Q|145
nvw`‡m Kz`wm
mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`wm BmjvwgK evsjv A¨vcwU‡Z †Kej mnxn nv`xm¸‡jv evsjv fvlvq Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) †hme nv`xm Avjøvni mv‡_ m¤ú„³ K‡i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Av‡jgMY †m¸‡jv‡K nv`xm Kz`wm
bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| evsjv mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`wm GB BmjvwgK A¨vcwU‡Z †h mKj evsjv nv`xm i‡q‡Q
142 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.royal_bengal_apps.sisah_sittah_al_hadith&hl=en
143 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id= com.uniquebanglaapps.bangla_bishoy_vittik_hadis
144 Bangla Islamic app ,Top of Stack Software Limited
145 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.hadise.kudsi.book&hl=en
304
Zvi meB cÖvq wmnvn wmËvn I Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš †_‡K Pqb K…Z mnxn nv`xmg~‡ni GKwU msKjb|
nv`xmg~‡ni g‡a¨ Ggb KZ¸‡jv nv`xm i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv Avjøvni bex (mv.) wbR Rev‡b eY©bv Ki‡jI Zv gnvb
Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi bv‡g wee„Z n‡q‡Q| †hgb -Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb G fvlvq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`xm
kv¯¿ wekvi`M‡Yi wbKU G¸‡jv nv`x‡m Kz`mx bv‡g cwiwPZ| ivm~jøvn (mv.) hLb G nv`xm¸‡jv e¨³
Ki‡Zb, ZLb Zv mivmwi Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K eY©bv Ki‡Zb| †hgb- Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb ev e‡jb,
Avevi KLbI ev ej‡Zb, wRevivCj‡K Avjøvn ZvÔAvjv e‡j‡Qb, wKsev wReivCj (Av.) Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb|
†gvUK_v †hme nv`x‡mi gg© ivm~jøvn (mv.) Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Bjnvg wKsev wReivCj (Av.) Gi gva¨‡g
ÁvZ n‡q wbR fvlvq cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, ZvB nv`x‡m Kz`mx wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ| GB ai‡bi nv`xm¸‡jv wb‡¤œv³
wk‡ivbv‡g Z_v cvc-cyb¨, wbqZ, wkiK, ZvInx`, ZvKIqv, Avjøvni AbyMÖn, wbqZ, whwKi, ZIev I
Bw¯ÍMdvi, Kzdi, RvbœvZ, Rvnvbœvg, nvki, D¤§‡Z gynv¤§vwì dwhjZ, ZvKIqv, gymwjgåvZ…Z¡, gywgb, mvjvZ,
†giv‡Ri, ZvKwì, mvjvZzi ivm~j BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbv‡g A¨vcwU‡K mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|146
nv`x‡mi Mí
nv`xm kix‡di Ôwkÿvg~jK MíÕ Bmjvgx wkÿvi AdzišÍ Drm| †KviAv‡bi NUbv, †KviAv‡bi Zvdwmi,
nv`xm kix‡di wewfbœ wkÿbxq NUbv I nv`x‡mi Mí wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì PwiÎ MV‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|
ZvB mvnvev‡ì Rxebx Z_v nvqvZzm mvnvev I †nKv‡q‡Z mvnvev, gwnjv mvnvwe, Avmnv‡e ivmy‡ji
RxebK_v BZ¨vw` welqK MÖš¸‡jv †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nv`x‡mi Mí G A¨vcwU‡Z ¯vb †c‡q‡Q| GB A¨v‡c
AviI Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q- bex‡ì Rxebx, nhiZ Av`g (Av.), nhiZ gymv (Av.), gnvbex (mv.), nhiZ
Avjx (iv.), Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.), Bgvg Mv¾vwj (in.) cÖf…wZ gbxlxM‡Yi Rxebx| G QvovI nv`x‡mi
Kvwnbx KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi, mnxn eyLvix kixd, mnxn gymwjg kixd, mybv‡b Avey `vD` kixd, wZiwgRx
kixd, gymbv‡` Avng`, mybv‡b bvmvC BZ¨vw` Drmmg~n †_‡K msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|147
wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb
A¨vcwU‡Z wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb me KqwU LÐ msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvVK‡ì Rb¨ WvDb‡jvW K‡i
AdjvB‡bI covi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| Gi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡mi eB Z_v mnxn eyLvix, eyj¸j gvivg, mybv‡b
Avey `vD`, Rv‡gÕ AvZ-wZiwgRx, wgkKvZzj gvmvwen, gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK, kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgRx, mnxn
dvhv‡q‡j Avgj BZ¨vw` nv`xm A¨vcm AvKv‡i Kiv n‡q‡Q|148
evsjv nvw`m
evsjv welq wfwËK nv`xm Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš mg~n n‡Z wewfbœ K¨vUvMwi‡Z evQvBK…Z mnxn evsjv welq
wfwËK nv`xm¸‡jvi GKwU we‡kl msKjb| ivm~jøvn (mv.) Gi beyqvZx Rxe‡bi mKj K_v, KvR Ges
Aby‡gv`b‡K nv`xm e‡j| nv`xm Bmjvgx kixqv‡Zi wewaweavb mg~‡ni 2q Drm| nv`xm Gi ¸iæZ¡
Acwimxg| GB evsjv BmjvwgK A¨vc G 10 wU wefv‡M wef³ welq wfwËK nv`xm Dcv¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Gi
wbg©vgvZv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv, GB Òevsjv nv`xmÓ bvgK A¨vcwU ev½vjx cvVKe„›` A‡bK DcK…Z n‡eb| G‡Z †h
mKj wel‡q Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q- Cgvb, KziAvb, bvgvh, wRnv`, n¾ I hvKvZ, †ivhv, we‡q I cwievi,
nvki, RvbœvZ I Rvnvbœvg, nv`x‡m Kz`wm, Rvj nv`xm|149
146 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bestbanglaapps.hadisaKudsi
147 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.bestbangla.al_quran_bangla_story;https://play.google.com/store
/apps/details?id=com.uniqueapp.mohanobir_jiboni
148 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.riyadus.salehin.hadis&hl=en
149 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.usefulappsbd.bangla_hadis_sharif
305
Avj nvw`m
evsjv fvlx cvVK hviv gvZ…fvlvq nv`xm PP©v Ki‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡ì Rb¨ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| GB A¨váwU †h
mKj nv`xm MÖš i‡q‡Q- mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg, Ave~ `vD`, wZiwgRx, Beb gvRvn, mnxn nv`x‡m
Kz`mx, 40 nv`xm BZ¨vw`|150
evsjv nvw`m
evsjv nv`xm mg~n wb‡q Avgv‡ì GB evsjv nv`xm kixd A¨vc| GB A¨vcwU‡Z i‡q‡Q welqwfwËK evsjv
nv`xm| nv`xm MÖšmg~n †_‡K GBme nv`xm evsjvq msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg,
Avey `vD`, wZiwgRx, Beb gvRvn, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`mx, 40wU nv`xm BZ¨vw` nv`xm MÖš mg~n †_‡K nv`xm
msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB A¨vcwU GKevi WvDb‡jvW K‡i AdjvB‡bI eënvi Kiv hvq| G QvovI G‡Z
i‡q‡Q †mvk¨vj †kqvwiU Ackb hv w`‡q Ab¨vb¨‡ìmv‡_ ¸¸jcøvm †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †dmey‡K I †kqvi Kiv
hvq|151
evsjv †QvU nvw`m

evsjv nv`xm wb‡q GB evsjv †QvU nv`xm bv‡g ÔA¨vcwUÕ wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQz mnxn nv`xm wb‡q GB
A¨vcwU wbg©vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB nv`xm A¨vcwUi mKj Kb‡U›U AbjvBb mvBU †_‡K msMÖn K‡i cvVK‡ì
Rb¨ nv`x‡mi eB wnmv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv nv`xm kixd †_‡K cvVK PvB‡j mwVK Drm Lyu‡R †ei
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|152
gnvbexi (mv.) gnvg~jëvb evYx

gnvbexi (mv.) gnvg~jëvb evYx A¨vcwU nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYxmg~n wb‡q mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ivmy‡ji
†Kvb GKwU evYx cvj‡U w`‡Z cv‡i cvV‡Ki `„wófw½; e`‡j w`‡Z cv‡i Rxe‡bi MwZcÖK…wZ| KviY wZwbB
me©Kv‡ji mgMÖ gvby‡li Rb¨ m‡e©vËg Av`k©, †kÖôZg c_cÖ`k©K| ZvB G A¨vcwU‡Z msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q
wcÖq bex mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg Gi 497 wU nv`xm ev evYx|153
gyqvËv gvwjK
GB A¨vcwU‡Z Bgvg gvwjK (in.) I Zvi msKwjZ gyqvËv MÖ‡ši •ewkó¨vejx Ges 2q wnRix kZ‡K nv`xm
PP©vq Zuvi †kÖôZ¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q| Gi mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡ši g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, eyLvix kixd,
eyjy¸j gvivg, mybv‡b Avey `vD`, Rv‡g AvZ-wZiwgwR, wgkKvZzj gvmvwen, gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK, kvgv‡q‡j
wZiwgRx, mnxn dvhv‡q‡j Avgj, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`wm, mnxn gymwjg, mybv‡b Beb gvRvn, mybv‡b Avb-
bvmvC, 42wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nv`xm, 100wU mymve¨¯Í nv`xm, Av`veyj gydiv`, nv`xm m¤¢vi, 102wU Rvj nv`xm,
Avj jyjy Iqvj gviRvb, wgkKv‡Z Rqxd, RyRDj ivdv‡qj Bqv`vBb, ivm~j (mv.) Gi 100wU mnxn
nv`xm, wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, wmjwmjv mnxnv, mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zvnwie A¨vcm¸‡jv eB AvKv‡i webvg~‡j¨
cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|154
150 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mahfuz.abukharisorif&hl=en
151 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sevenonelab.bangla_hadis_app
152 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.greenappstudio.bangla_hadith_hadis
153 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.uniquebanglaapps.mohanobir_bani_best_message
154 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.muyatah.imam.malik&hl=en
306
Avj nvw`m
wmnvn wmËvni mKj evsjv nv`xm MÖš GB A¨vcwU‡Z GK mv‡_ msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi cÖavb QqwU
MÖš‡K GKwÎZfv‡e KzZze Avj wmËvn ev wmnvn wmËvn ejv nq| G¸‡jv n‡”Q, mnxn eyLvix- Bgvg eyLvix
(g„.256 wn./870 wLª.) KZ…©K msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš,mnxn gymwjg- Bgvg gymwjg Beb nv¾vR (g„.261 wR.
875 wLª.) KZ©„K msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš, mybvb Avey `vD` Bgvg Avey `vD` (g„. 275 wn./ 888 wLª.) KZ…©K
msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš, Rv‡g AvZ-wZiwgRx, Bgvg Avj wZiwgRx (g„. 279 wn./892 wLª.) KZ©„K msKwjZ
nv`xm MÖš, mybv‡b bvmvC, Bgvg bvmvC (g„. 915) KZ…©K msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš, mybv‡b Be‡b-gvRvn, Bgvg
Beb -gvRvn (g„. 273 wn./887 wLª.) KZ…©K msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš| D³ nv`xmMÖšmg~‡ni evsjv Abyev`
†_‡K Avj nv`xm A¨vcwU wbg©vb Kiv n‡q‡Q hv mn‡RB eënvi Kiv hvq|155
mybv‡b bvmvB
mybvb bvmvC kixd BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki Ab~w`Z GKwU evsjv nv`x‡mi wKZve| mybvb bvmvC Gi
Dci wfwË K‡i Gi 5700 wU nv`xm wb‡q GB A¨vcwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| GwU mybv‡b bvmvC (1g-5g) me LÐ
wgwj‡q GKwU nv`xm msKjb| GwU m¤ú~Y© wd« GKwU A¨vc| A¨vcwU WvDb‡jvW K‡i AdjvB‡b eBwU cov
hvq|156
mybv‡b Avey `vD` kixd

nv`x‡mi mybvb MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv mybvb Ave~ `vD`| Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) mywbcybfv‡e wdKnx
ZviwZe Abymv‡i Zvi G MÖšwU mvwR‡q‡Qb| 157 G Kvi‡YB wdKvnwe`MY e‡jb, GKRb gyRZvwì c‡ÿ
wdK‡ni gvmAvjv †ei Ki‡Z Avjøvni wKZve KziAvb gvRx‡ì c‡i GB mybvb Ave~ `vD`B h‡_ô| GB
A¨vcwU g~jZ wcwWGd †eBmW A¨vc| B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb Qvov GwU cov hvq bv; Z‡e evsjv nv`xm
AwWI †kvbvi gva¨‡gI cvVKe„‡›ì nv`xm wkLvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| 158
evsjv nv`xm
evsjv nv`xm 14 L‡Ði GKwU Abb¨ Kv‡jKkb GB A¨vcwU| GLv‡b •`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi nv`xm
cvIqv hvq| cÖvq me nv`xmB eyLvix kixd, gymwjg kixd, Avey `vD` kixd, bvmvC kixd Ges wZiwgRx
kixd †_‡K wbe©vPb Kiv n‡q‡Q|159
Avj nvw`m
Avj nv`xm (eyLvix, gymwj, Avey `vD`, wZiwgRx, bvmvC, Beb gvRvn) A¨vc| G‡Z i‡q‡Q wmnvn wmËvn-
Gi AšÍf©y³ nv`xmMÖš¸‡jv, G QvovI Pwjøk nv`xm, nv`x‡m Kz`mx BZ¨vw` AwZ g~jëvb wKQz nv`xm MÖš|
A¨vcwUi eënvi Kiv Lye mnR Ges m¤ú~Y© evsjvq iwPZ msKjbwU|160
155 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.al_hadith.android.al_hadith_books_all&hl=en
156 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.books.android.hadith_book_sunane_nasai&hl=en
157 Avey `vD` myjvBgvb Beb Avj-AvkAvm Avj-Avh`x Avm-wmwR¯Ívbx whwb Bgvg Avey `vD` bv‡g mgvwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb
Biv‡bi wm¯Ív‡b Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib Ges 889 wLª. gviv hvb| nv`xm msKj‡bi Rb¨ wZwb BivK, wgmi, wmwiqv, †nRvR, wZnvgvn,
†Lvivmvb, wbkvcyi I gvf©mn A‡bK kn‡i mdi K‡ib| wZwb cÖvq 500000 nv`x‡mi ga¨ †_‡K hPvB evQvB K‡i cÖvq 4800
nv`xm wb‡q mybvb Avex `vD` msKjb K‡ib| hv wmnvn wmËvi wKZvemg~‡ni Ab¨Zg|
158 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.banglasmartapps.abu_daud_sharif
159 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hutapps.sunnahhadecth&hl=en,
160 abdurrahman87878987@gmail.com
307
wgkKvZzj gvmvwen
wgkKvZzj gvmvexn nv`xm msKjb MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k GUv †ek RbwcÖq Ges
gvìvmv¸‡jv‡Z cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e cov‡bv nq| G A¨vcwU wgkKvZzj gvmvexn Gi 2758wU nv`xm wb‡q
iwPZ n‡q‡Q| hv‡ì eB †Kbvi mvg_©¨ †bB Zv‡ì Rb¨ wgkKvZzj gvmvwen G¨vcwU nv`xm cv‡Vi Rb¨
GKwU mnR jf¨ Dcvq|161
welq wfwËK evsjv nvw`m

GwU GKwU welqwfwËK evsjv nv`xm A¨vc| G A¨vcwU Avjv`v Avjv`v wel‡qi Ici evsjv nv`xm¸‡jv GK
RvqMvq cvIqvi myweav m„wó K‡i‡Q| mnxn nv`xm evsjv fvlvq Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i mvwR‡q †`qvi d‡j
welq wfwËK evsjv nv`xm¸‡jv Luy‡R †c‡Z A‡bK myweav nq| †hgb- wdKn kv‡¯¿i Ici mnxn nv`xm
LyuR‡Qb, hw` †m¸‡jv m~wPc‡Î Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i †`qv _v‡K, Z‡e welqwfwËK evsjv nv`xm¸‡jv Luy‡R
cvIqvi Rb¨ G A¨vcwU KvR K‡i| GLv‡b wmnvn wmËvn Gi nv`xm MÖš †_‡K evQvB K‡i wewfbœ wel‡qi
Ici nv`xm¸‡jv Avjv`v Avjv`v Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv nv`xm kixd my›ì mvRv‡bv †MvQv‡bv Ges mnR cvV¨,
Kv‡jKk‡b ivL‡Z I co‡Z welqwfwËK evsjv nv`xm A¨vcwU mv‡_ ivLv †h‡Z cv‡i|162
eyjy¸j gvivg
nv`x‡mi msKwjZ MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in) iwPZ eyjy¸j gvivg wgb Avw`jøvwZj
AvnKvg GKwU cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš| GwU GKwU Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi weavb msµvšÍ welq wfwËK weL¨vZ nv`xm
MÖš| c„w_exi eû‡`‡ki g‡Zv G †`‡kI eûKvj n‡Z `vi‡m wbhvgxqv (KIgx) gvìvmvq GwUi cvV`vb
Kiv n‡”Q| ZvB cvVKe„›` hv‡Z AbjvB‡b G MÖšwU mn‡R Aa¨qb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, †m Rb¨B eyjy¸j gvivg
nv`xm MÖ‡ši G A¨vcwU |163
nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZ

nv`x‡mi cÖwZ GB ¯^fveRvZ fv‡jvevmv I wbf©iZvi my‡hvM A‡bK ¯^v_©‡š^lx wewfbœ cÖKvi ev‡bvqvU K_v
nv`xm bv‡g Pvwj‡q w`‡”Q| mKj hy‡M AvwjgMY G mKj Rvj I ev‡bvqvU K_v wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mbv³
K‡i gymjgvb‡ì‡K m‡PZb K‡i‡Qb| GiB avivevwnKZvq Ônv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZ: cÖP wjZ wg_¨v nv`xm
I wfwËnxb K_vÕ MÖšwU W. L›`Kvi Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi KZ©„K iwPZ n‡q‡Q| hyM hyM a‡i AMwYZ ev‡bvqvU,
wfwËnxb I wg_¨v K_v Avgv‡ì mgv‡R nv`xm bv‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q I n‡”Q| G‡Z RbMY ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)
Gi bv‡g wg_¨v ejvi KwVb cv‡ci g‡a¨ wbgw¾Z n‡”Q| G mKj ev‡bvqvU nv`xm Avgv‡ì‡K mnxn
nv`x‡mi wkÿv, PP©v I Avgj †_‡K weiZ †i‡L G¸‡jvi Dci Avgj Kwi‡q Avjøvni Kv‡Q cyi®‥v‡ii e`‡j
kvw¯Íi Dchy³ K‡i w`‡”Q|164
Rvj nvw`m
ÔhÔCd I Rvj nv`xm wmwiRÕ MÖšwU Avey wkdv gynv¤§` AvKgvj ûmvBb KZ©„K Ab~w`Z| Gi g~j MÖšKvi kvqL
gynv¤§` Avjevbx (in.)| GwU `yB L‡Ð Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q| Rvj nv`xm¸‡jv †h Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© hv‡ì cÖvwZôvwbK
161 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.miskatul.masabi.book&hl=en
162 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sevenonelab.bangla_hadish_subjectwise&hl=en
163 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.bulbul.maram.book&hl=en
164 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.appachino.hadisernamejaliati&hl=bn&gl=US
308
wkÿv †bB Ggb gvby‡livB ïay cÖPvi K‡i hv‡”Q Zv bq, GgbwK wKQz gmwR‡ì Bgvg, wewfbœ IqvR-gvnwd‡j
Avmv wKQz Av‡jg‡KI †`Lv hvq †mB nv`xm¸‡jvi mZ¨Zv hvPvB bv K‡i e¨vcK nv‡i cÖPvi K‡i hv‡”Qb| G
A¨vcwU‡Z 120wU Rvj nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU WvDb‡jvW K‡i AdjvB‡bI covi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|165
Bgvg beexi 40 nv`xm

Bgvg beexi 40 nv`xm evsjv A¨vcwU g~jZ: GKwU evsjv nv`xm kixd A¨vc, hv Bgvg beex (i.) KZ©„K
msKwjZ| ivm~j (mv.) Gi nv`xm Bmjvgx kixqv‡Zi 2q Drm| Gi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| we‡klZ: D¤§vZ‡K
Pwjøk nv`xm wkÿv MÖn‡Yi cÖwZ nv`x‡m we‡kl ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| 40 nv`xm wkwÿZ e¨w³‡K
wKqvg‡Zi w`b dwK‡ni gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi e¨vcv‡i nv`x‡m Iqv`v i‡q‡Q| ZvB Bgvg beex KZ©„K msKwjZ
40wU nv`xm wb‡q G A¨váwU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z cvVKe„›` G gh©v`vi AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡ib| 166
welq wfwËK nv`xm

ÔwelqwfwËK nv`xmÕ G bZzb A¨v‡c (mnxn eyLvix, mnxn gymwjg, Ave~ `vD`, wZiwgRx, Beb gvRvnmn) †ek
K‡qKwU nv`x‡mi wKZve AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z eB Aa¨vqnv`xm GB c¨vUvb© Abymib Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†h welqB mvP© Kiv †nvK bv †Kb me nv`x‡mi eB‡qi †fZi Luy‡R 1 †m‡K‡Ûi g‡a¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv m¤¢e|
nv`x‡mi †iÄmn nv`x‡mi Aa¨vq¸‡jv †`Lv hv‡e| Aa¨v‡q wK¬K Ki‡j c‡ii †c‡R nv`xm †`Lv‡e| nv`xm
A¨v‡ci Ab¨Zg g~j AvKl©Y nv`xm †cR| gvwëcj wfD Ges wm‡½j wfD GB `yBU wfDB Av‡Q| G‡Z AviI
i‡q‡Q ¯§y_ ¯…j Gwµ‡cwi‡qÝ| GK nv`xm †_‡K `ªæZ Av‡iK nv`x‡m Rv¤ú Kivi myweavI i‡q‡Q| wm‡½j
wfD‡Z nv`xmwU AviI †ewk nvBjvBU n‡e, GKwU nv`x‡mi Dci g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv mnR nq|167
nv`xm ZË¡weÁvb
evsjv fvlx me©¯Í‡ii gymjgvb‡ì R‡b¨ evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm ev nv`xm ZË¡weÁvb wk‡ivbv‡g A¨vcwU wbg©vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖšwU Abyev`, msKjb, D`vniY I agx©q AvBb Kvbyb wjLvi †ÿ‡Î †h mKj MÖš †_‡K mvnvh¨ †bqv
n‡q‡Q; Dmyjyk kvkx, byiæj nvIqvkx, hye`vZzj nvIqvkx Emyjyk kvkx, Avj-gvbvi, byiæj Av‡bvqvi, ki‡n byiæj
Av‡bvqvi cÖf…wZ| G QvovI ZzndvZz` `yivi, byRnvZzb bRi, Kvkdyj †Mv¤§v, wgRvbyj AvLevi cÖf…wZ| MÖšwU
ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î hv‡ì we‡kl Ae`vb i‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì g‡a¨- cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm (dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`) kvqLyj nv`xm I
Dcva¨vÿ Gg. AvdjvZzj Kvqmvi, gvìvmvB Avjxqv, ivqcyi, jÿ¨xcyi| kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv nv‡dR gynv¤§`
nviæb, Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv IevBw`qv bvbycyi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| Abyev` I msKjb: gynv¤§` Kwjg Djøvn, `vIiv
I Kvwgj nv`xm| g~j MÖšKvi: nv‡dR Avng` web Avjx Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx (in.)|168
nv`xm m¤¢vi
eû nv`x‡mi wKZve i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv GLbI evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Znqwb Ges evsjv‡`‡k G¸‡jvi g~jKwcI
mnRjf¨ bq| cvVK‡ì Aby‡iv‡a Gme nv`xm MÖ‡ši ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nv`xm¸‡jv‡K welqwfwËK AvKv‡i web¨vm
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ònv`xm m¤¢viÓ A¨vcwU‡Z me KqwU LÐ cvIqv hv‡”Q| †KD PvB‡j WvDb‡jvW K‡i
AdjvB‡bI covi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q|169
165 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.jal.joyif.hadis&hl=en
166 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.pg.forty_hadis_bangla
167 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.hutapps.topicbasedhadith&hl=en
168 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.rndtechbd.hadis_totto&hl=en
169 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.hadis.somver.book&hl=en
309
mnxn gymwjg
mnxn gymwjg (Aviex Av‡Q) nv`xm welqK GKwU mycÖwm× MÖš| GwU KzZze Avj-wmËvn A_©vr nv`xm welqK
cÖavb QqwU MÖ‡ši wØZxq MÖš| G MÖšwU Bgvg gymwjg Beb nv¾vR Beb gymwjg Avj-KzkvBix msKjb
K‡ib| eZ©gvb Biv‡bi †Lvivmvb cÖ‡`‡ki wbkvcy‡i 204 wnRix‡Z wZwb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 261 wnRixi 26
†k iRe Ges wbkvcy‡iB wZwb BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zvi Ab¨vb¨ msKj‡bi g‡a¨ mnxn gymwjg n‡jv me‡P‡q
cÖwm× I MÖnY‡hvM¨| nv`xm wekvi`‡ì me©m¤§Z wm×všÍ Abyhvqx †KviAvb gvRx‡ì ci c„w_exi ey‡K
wØZxq weï×Zg MÖš n‡jv mnxn gymwjg| Zvi QvÎ Avng` web mvjvgv e‡jb, Bgvg gymwj‡gi mv‡_ Zvi
mnxn msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Avwg c‡bi eQi KvR K‡iwQ, G‡Z cÖvq 12 nvRvi nv`xm i‡q‡Q (cybiæ³mn)|
cybiæ³ ev` w`‡j nv`x‡mi msL¨v n‡e cÖvq 4000| Bgvg gymwjg Zvi gyL¯ wZb jÿ¨vw`K nv`xm †_‡K
evQvB K‡i weï× nv`x‡mi G msKjbwU •Zix K‡i‡Qb| GB A¨vcwU‡Z gymwjg kixd Aviex evsjv meLÐ
†`qv Av‡Q|170
w`b ïiæ †nvK GKwU nv`xm w`‡q

nv`xm Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi wØZxq Drm Ges KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v| n`x‡mi Dc‡`k gymwjg‡ì RxebvPiY I
eënviwewai Ab¨Zg c_wb‡`©wkKv| cÖwZw`b GKwU nv`xm A¨vcwU‡Z †h mKj welq AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q
Zv n‡”Q, diR Avgjmg~n Ges •`bw›`b Avgjmg~n, welqwfwËK nv`xm Z_v diR Avjg mgyn, •`bw›`b
Avgj, bdj Bev`vZ, `vb mv`vKvn, wdZbvn, wKqvgZ AvjvgvZ mg~n BZ¨vw` wel‡qi nv`xm †WBwj
bwUwd‡Kk‡bi gva¨‡g cvVK cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b nv`xm cv‡eb, WvK© gyW eënvi K‡i iv‡ZI Aa¨qb Kiv hv‡e,
B›Uvi‡dm †jvwWs Kvjvi †PÄ Kivi myweav i‡q‡Q|171
nv`x‡mi Mí
nv`x‡mi Mí A¨vcwU wewfbœ nv`xm †_‡K wkÿbxq Mí-mg~n w`‡q mymw¾Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| wcÖqbex nhiZ
gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq mvnvexM‡Yi wewfbœ mwZ¨ NUbv, wewfbœ nv`x‡m wjwce× Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi
g‡a¨ cÖwm× wKQz nv`x‡mi Mí wb‡q GB A¨vcwU wbwg©Z| AviI i‡q‡Q evsjvq nv`xm, nv`xm kixd, nv`x‡m
Kz`mx, Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm, Bmjv‡gi ev¯Íe Kvwnbx| A¨vcwU‡Z AviI cvIqv hv‡”Q wZb e¨w³i GLjv‡mi
NUbv, †`vjbvq K_v ejv wZb wkï, hghg Kzc I Kvev Ni wbg©v‡Yi NUbv bexwRi 4 Kb¨v, Beªvnxg (Av.),
mviv I AZ¨vPvix ev`kvn, Avey eKi (iv) Gi gh©v`v, Kzô †ivMx, AÜ I †U‡Kvi Kvwnbx, Avey eKi wmwÏK
(iv.) Gi GKwU NUbv Ges Avgv‡ì wkÿv, †jvK †`Lv‡bv Avg‡ji fqven cwiYwZ, Avey Zvwj‡ei g„Zzï
NUbv, ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi gywRRv, `yišÍ mvn‡mi Kvwnbx, mwZ¨Kv‡ii †m․›`h©¨, j¾vkxjZv, cvcx e¨w³i
kvw¯Í, g›` AvPi‡Yi dj, A™¢yZ Av‡e`b, `v¾v‡ji AvMgb, nv`x‡mi Mí eB, KziAvb nv`x‡mi Mí,
nv`x‡mi Kvwnbx, †QvU nv`x‡mi Mí, BmjvwgK †QvU Mí I wkÿvg~jK Mí BZ¨vw`|172
170 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.royal_bengal_apps.sahih_muslim_full&hl=en
171 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.maxzion.dailyhadith&hl=en
172 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ertapps.hadis_in_bengali
310
gnvbexi Rxebx
nv`xm kix‡d A‡bK bex‡ì RxebKvwnbx D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wkï‡ì gb RMr weKv‡k mZ¨ NUbv cÖfve
we¯Ívi K‡i| ZvB wb®úvc wkï‡ì DËg PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ bex-mvnvev‡ì Rxebx MíKv‡i ïbv‡bv
cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB nv`x‡mi wKQz wkÿbxq Mí, NUbv cÖPv‡ii wbwgË GB A¨vcwU wbg©vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z
bex‡ì Rxeb Kvwnbxi Av‡jvPbv ¯vb †c‡q‡Q|173
nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Rxebx

wek¦bex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi Rxebx wb‡q GB A¨vcwU| cweÎ KziAv‡b gnvbex (mv.) †K DmIqvZzb
nvmvbv ev gvbe Pwi‡Îi m‡e©vËg Av`k© wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZGe †Kvb K…wÎgZvi Avei‡Y
wPËvKl©K †Kvb gšÍ‡eï Øviv Zv‡K wPwÎZ Kivi Av‡`․ cÖ‡qvRb †bB| gnvbexi •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi NUbvejx
Ges Kg©gq Rxeb wQj GZUvB ev¯Íag©x †h, †Kvb iKg RwUj mgxKiY QvovB e¨vL¨v-we‡kølb Kiv P‡j
Ges gnvbexi Rxeb †_‡K wkÿv †bqvi Rb¨ GUvB n‡”Q m‡e©vËg cšv| A¨vcwU‡Z wek¦bexi Rxe‡bi mKj
NUbv avivevwnKfv‡e Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| gnvbexi evbxB n‡jv Avj nv`xm| GB gnvgvbe‡K Dcjwã Ki‡Z
n‡j Zvi mybœvZ‡K Rvb‡Z n‡e| Zuvi Dc‡`kgvjv I mybœvZ †g‡b Av‡jvwKZ Rxeb Mo‡Z n‡e|174
mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zviwne

mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zviwne nv`xm kixd A¨vcwU‡Z me KqwU LÐ cvIqv hv‡”Q| †KD PvB‡j WvDb‡jvW
K‡i AdjvB‡bI co‡Z cvi‡eb| hv‡ì eB †Kbvi mvg_©¨ bvB †mBme cvVK‡ì Rb¨ eBwU m¤ú~Y©
webvg~‡j¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡jv| mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zviwne nv`xm kixd A¨vcm ¸‡jv eB AvKv‡i webvg~‡j¨
cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv|175
wmjwmjv mnxnv nv`xm kixd

wmjwmjv mnxnv nv`xm kixd A¨vcwU‡Z me KqwU LÐ cvIqv hv‡”Q| PvD‡j WvDb‡jvW K‡i AdjvB‡bI
cov hv‡e| hv‡ì eB †Kbvi mvg_©¨ bvB Zv‡ì Rb¨ eBwU m¤ú~Y©wU webvg~‡j¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡jv|176
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Dc‡`kgvjv

ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi Dc‡`kgvjv A¨vcwU gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi nv`xm †_‡K evQvBK…Z mn‡R
Avgj †hvM¨ KwZcq nv`xm kixd| GB Dc‡`k evYx m¤§wjZ A¨v‡c Ggb wKQz nv`xm msMÖn Kivi †Póv
Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv eySv mnR I Øxb cvj‡b mnvqK| mKj gymwj‡giB bexRxi evYx Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| ZvB GB
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwã †_‡K bexRxi †ek wKQz evYx msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv GKB mv‡_ BnKvj I ciKv‡ji
cv‡_q wn‡m‡e Kv‡R Avm‡e|177
173 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.uniqueapp.mohanobir_jiboni
174 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kadersapp.nobijir_jibon_kahini
175 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.targib.oyat.hadis&hl=en
176 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.muslim.silsila.hadis.sorif&hl=en
177 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.appdokanbd.rasuler_upodesh
311
wcÖq bexi wcÖq mybœZ

ÒwcÖq bexi wcÖq mybœvZÓ bvgK A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g mybœvZ Av`v‡qi mnxn wbqgvejx mwVKfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
GK K_vq gnvbex (mv.) Rxe‡b †h mKj KvR K‡i‡Qb †mB mKj KvR AbymiY Kiv‡KB mybœZ e‡j| wcÖq
bexRxi mybœZ cvjb Kiv mKj gymwjg‡ì KZ©e¨| GLv‡b bexi (mv.) Rxebx †_‡K †bIqv mybœvZ mg~n
Ges mKj mvnvex‡ì Rxebx †_‡K †bIqv mybœvZ mg~n GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB A¨v‡ci gva¨‡g mKv‡j
Nyg †_‡K DVv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i iv‡Z Nygv‡bv ch©šÍ mKj mybœvZ Av`v‡qi mnxn wbqgvejx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
†gv‡Ui Dci G‡Z mKj gvmbyb `yÔAv I eënvwiK Rxe‡bi mybœZmg~n (Nyg †_‡K †R‡M DVv,Uq‡j‡U cÖ‡ek
Ges †ei nevi mgq †`vAv, †Mvmj Kivi mybœZ mg~n, cvb Kivi mybœvZmg~n, wgmIqv‡Ki mybœZmg~n,Ihyi
mybœZ mg~n, Kvco covi mybœZ mg~n, RyZv cwiavb Kiv, N‡i cÖ‡ek Ges †ei nIqvi mybœZ mg~n, c_ Pjvi
mybœvZmg~n, gmwR‡` hvIqvi mybœvZ mg~n, gmwR‡` cÖ‡e‡ki mybœvZ mg~n, gmwR` †_‡K †ei nIqvi
mybœvZmg~n, Avhvb ïbvi ci mybœvZ mg~n, B°vgZ mybœvZ mg~n, nvqv¤§y‡gi mybœvZmg~n, B‡¯ÍÄvi mybœvZmg~n,
bL KvUvi mybœvZmg~n, m~Îv‡K mvg‡b †i‡L bvgvh Av`v‡qi mybœvZ mg~n, iv‡Mi mgq mybœvZmg~n, Kei
wRqvi‡Zi mybœvZmg~n, bvgv‡hi mybœvZ, g„Zz¨Kvjxb mybœvZ mg~n, Nygv‡bvi mybœvZ mg~n, weev‡ni mybœvZ mg~n,
†ivMx †`Lvi mybœvZ, mybœvn mjvZ, iv‡Zi mjvn, weZi mjvZ, ev”Pv R‡b¥i ci mybœvZ mg~n, gybvRv‡Zi
mybœvZ mg~n, kix‡i •Zj jvMv‡bvi mybœvZ mg~n, nvB ev nvwP Gi Rb¨ mybœvZ, Kv‡iv mv‡_ mvÿv‡Zi
mybvœ Zmg~n, Ny‡gv‡bvi c~‡e© mybœvZmg~n, A‡bï K_vevZ©v †kvbvi mybœvZmg~n) Av`v‡qi mwVK c×wZ
Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q|178
nv`x‡mi Mí
Ônv`x‡mi MíÕ g~jZ GKwU evsjv BmjvwgK A¨vc| G‡Z wcÖq bex nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq
mvnvexMY wewfbœ mwZ¨ NUbv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb wb‡RI wewfbœ NUbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zvi RxebKvj
AwZevwnZ K‡i‡Qb| mvnvexMY Gme NUbvmg~n wewfbœ nv`x‡m eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ges wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| †m
mKj cÖwm× wKQz nv`x‡mi Mí wb‡q GB A¨vcwU mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|179
nv`xm m¤¢vi
Ònv`xm m¤¢viÓ A¨vcwU‡Z eû nv`xm MÖš AšÍf©y³ i‡q‡Q| †hgb: mnxn eyLvix ,mnxn gymwjg, Avey `vD`,
wZiwgRx, Beb gvRvn, mnxn nv`x‡m Kz`mx, mybv‡b Avb-bvmvqx, mybv‡b Beb gvRvn, gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK,
wiqv`ym m‡jnxb, eyjy¸j gvivg, Avj jyjyIqvj gviRvb, nv`xm m¤¢vi, wmjwmjv mnxnv, Rvj-Rwqd nv`xm
wmwiR,wgkKvZzj gvmvwen, 40 nv`xm, Av`veyj gydiv`, RyRÕDj ivdv‡qj Bqv`vBb, 100 mymve¨¯Í nv`xm,
wgkKv‡Zi Rqxd nv`xm, kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgwR, mnxn ZviwMe IqvZ Zvinxe, mnxn dvhv‡q‡j Avgj,
igRv‡bi `~e©j nv`xm BZ¨vw`|
178 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.digital.bangla.sunnat&hl=en
179 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jituhasan.Hadis_Ar_Golpo&hl=en
312
eyLvix kixd
Òevsjv eyLvix kixdÓ Gi g‡a¨ mnxn eyLvix kixd evsjv me LÐ A¨vcm AvKv‡i mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
A¨vcmwU me©‡gvU 123 wU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi b¤î ¸‡jvI µg Abyhvqx mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
eyLvix kixd A¨vcwU me‡P‡q weï× nv`xmMÖš eyLvix kixd Aej¤^‡b wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| A¨v‡ci cÖ_g
w¯…‡b me¸‡jv Aa¨vq Av‡Q| †h †Kvb Aa¨v‡q wK¬K Ki‡j IB Aa¨v‡qi nv`xm¸‡jv cov hv‡e| Av‡Mi
c‡ii nv`xm hvIqvi Rb¨ `yBwU evUb Av‡Q| eënviKvix wØZxq w¯…‡b Wvb n‡Z ev‡gi w`‡K bvwo‡qI
Av‡M-c‡ii nv`x‡m †h‡Z cvi‡eb| wØZxq w¯…‡b GKUv ZvwjKvi evUb Av‡Q| IUv wK¬K Ki‡j H Aa¨v‡qi
mKj nv`x‡mi b¤^‡ii ZvwjKv Avm‡e| ZvwjKvq wK¬K K‡iI †h †Kvb nv`x‡m hvIqv hv‡e| cÖwZw`b 2wU
K‡i nv`xm †bvwUwd‡Kkb AvKv‡i Avm‡e|180
evsjv nvw`m
Òevsjv nv`xmÓ A¨v‡c •`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi nv`x‡mi mgv‡ek NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GB A¨v‡ci nv`xm
msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î weï× my‡Î ewY©Z nv`xm‡K cÖavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖvq me nv`xmB eyLvix kixd,
gymwjg kixd, Avey `vD` kixd, bvmvC kixd Ges wZiwgwR kixd †_‡K †bqv n‡q‡Q|181
GKk nv`xm
mnxn evsjv nv`xm wb‡q wbwg©Z A¨vcwUi bvg †`qv n‡q‡Q ÒGKk nv`xmÓ| †QvU †QvU nv`xm wb‡q web¨vm
n‡q‡Q evsjv nv`xm A¨vcwU| mnxn nv`xm MÖšmg~n †_‡K evQvBK…Z GKkZ evsjv nv`xm w`‡q ÒGKk
nv`xm A¨vcwUÓ mymw¾Z Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU †QvU n‡jI web¨vm c×wZ my›ì|182
wbe©vwPZ evsjv nv`xm mg~n

Òwbe©vwPZ evsjv nv`xm mg~nÓ GB A¨vcwU wbe©vwPZ evsjv nv`x‡mi 14 L‡Ði GKwU Abb¨ Kv‡jKkb|
gvbe Rxe‡b •`bw›`b cÖ‡qvRbxq me ai‡bi nv`xm GB A¨v‡c msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvq me nv`xmB
gymwjg kixd, eyLvix kixd, Avey` `vD` kixd, bvmvC kixd Ges wZiwgwR kixd †_‡K Pqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| GB A¨vcwU AbjvB‡b nv`xm MÖ‡ši weKí wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i |183
Ave~ `vD` kixd

nv`x‡mi mybvb MÖš¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jv mybvb Ave~ `vD`| Bgvg Avey `vD` (in.) cuvP jÿ¨ nv`xm
†_‡K hvPvB evQvB K‡i 4800 nv`xm wb‡q AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi mv‡_ wdKnx avivevwnKZvq GB nv`xmMÖšwU
web¨vm K‡i‡Qb| ZvB‡Zv wd°vnwe`MY e‡jb, ÒGKRb gyRZvwn‡ì c‡ÿ wdK‡ni gvmAvjv †ei Ki‡Z
Avjøvni wKZve KziAvb gvRx‡ì c‡i GB mybvb Ave~ `vD`B h‡_óÓ| GB A¨vcwU Avey `vD` kix‡di
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ Abyev`| hvi 4wU LÐ GK‡Î cvIqv hv‡”Q GB
A¨vcwU‡Z|184
180 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zoombangla.bukhari&hl=en
181 wearemuslim08.blogspot.com এবং quraneralo.com
182 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.royal_bengal_apps.ekso_hadis
183 wearemuslim08.blogspot.com এবং quraneralo.com
184 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sevenonelab.abu_daud_sharif_bangla
313
mybv‡b Beb gvRvn (mKj LÐ)

Avey Avew`jøvn gynv¤§` Beb BqvwR` Beb gvRvn Avj-ivwe Avj-KzqvRyBbx| mvaviYZt Beb gvRvn bv‡g
cwiwPZ, ga¨hy‡Mi GKRb nv`xm wekvi`| wZwb nv`xm welqK QqwU cÖavb MÖ‡ši me©‡klwU, mybvb Beb
gvRvn Gi msKjK| Beb gvRvn MÖšwU‡Z nv`xm Pqb Ges Aby‡”Q` Abyhvqx nv`x‡mi mvgÄm¨c~Y© web¨vm
MÖšwU‡K Abe`¨ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| wdKn MÖ‡ši AvswkK Gi Aa¨vq I Aby‡”Q` wba©vwiZ nIqvq dKxnM‡Yi
wbKU MÖšwUi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| GB MÖšwUi Av‡iKwU •ewkó¨ GB †h, G‡Z Ggb KZK¸‡jv nv`xm
msKwjZ n‡q‡Q, hv wmnvn wmËvni Aci †Kvb MÖ‡š D‡jøwLZ nqwb| GB MÖ‡ši 4341 wU nv`xm i‡q‡Q|
GB A¨váwUi gva¨‡g mybvb Beb gvRvn wKZve Lvbv hv‡Z evsjv fvlx nv`xm PP©vKvix‡ì Rb¨ mnRjf¨
Kivi wbwgË Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|185
A¨vwcø‡Kkb wfwËK nv`xm PP©vi mvwe©K g~j¨vqb

DwjøwLZ evsjv fvlvi nv`xm wfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kkb¸‡jv ¸Mj †cø †÷vi AbymÜvb K‡i Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
G A¨vwcøkb¸‡jv ¯§vU©‡dv‡b Bb÷j K‡i wmnvn wmËvnmn Acivci cÖwm× nv`xmMÖšmg~n evsjv fvlvq
Aa¨vqb Kiv hvq| nv`x‡mi evK¨, ivex, MÖ‡ši bvg I welq wn‡m‡e nv`xm AbymÜvb I PP©v i KvRwUI mnR
n‡q‡Q| QvÎ, wkÿK, M‡elK GgbwK mKj †kÖwYi cvVK G mKj A¨vwcø‡Kkb †_‡K DcK…Z n‡Z cv‡ib|
Z‡e D‡jøL _v‡K †h, eZ©gvb M‡el‡Ki AbymÜv‡b Rvbv‡M‡Q, ¸Mj †cø †÷v‡i GKB bv‡g wKsev GKUz
cwieZ©xZbv‡g GKB welqe¯‧ wb‡q eëmvqxK D‡Ï‡k¨, AbwfÁ-A`ÿnv‡Z wbwg©Z kZ kZ A¨vwcø‡Kkb
†f‡m †eov‡”Q| G‡Zv kZ A¨vcm Gi ga¨ †_‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ A¨vcwU Lyu‡R cvIqv `~iƒn e¨vcvi| †h †KD
B”Qv Ki‡jB G mKj A¨vwcø‡Kkb Gi fv‡jv-g›` hvPvB K‡i Kvw•ÿZ A¨vcwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡eb
bv| nv`xm wfwËK A¨vwcø‡Kkb¸‡jvi G‡Zv G‡Zv Dcw¯wZ hv eënviKvix‡K ixwZgZ h‡_ó Sv‡gjvq
†dj‡e| Zv Qvov KZUzKz mwVK I weï×fv‡e Ab~w`Z nv`xm A¨vwcø‡Kkb¸‡jv‡Z ¯vb †c‡q‡Q †mUv
wfbœfv‡e Aa¨vq‡biI `vwe iv‡L| G Qvov wKQz msL¨K A¨vcm Qvov AwaKvskB e¨w³MZ wKsev Av`wk©K
¯^v_©wmw× wKsev eëmvwqK gvb‡m wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q g‡g© cÖwZfvZ n‡q‡Q ; hv A¨vwcø‡Kkb¸‡jvi bvg, †iwUs,
wiwfD, wfDqvm© I K‡g›Um ch©v‡jvPbvq D‡V G‡m‡Q|
6.2.4 evsjv fvlvq I‡qe mvBU wfwËK nv`xm PP©v
I‡qe mvBU wfwËK evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v evsjvfvlx‡ì Rb¨ nv`xm Aa¨vq‡bi GK be w`M‡šÍi m~Pbv
K‡i‡Q| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm cvV I †kLvi Rb¨ PgrKvi Ggb wKQz I‡qe mvBU M‡o D‡V‡Q, †h¸‡jv
GZØmswkøó cwÐZ e¨w³eM© I mvaviY, Dfq †kÖwYi gvby‡li Rb¨ Abb¨ DcKiY| me †kÖwY-‡ckvi
cvV‡Ki Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx K‡i G mvBU¸‡jv wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq †h
hyMvšÍKvix cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q Zv Ab¯^xKvh©| KviY GLb Avi eo eo wKZvevw` enb Kivi Sv‡gjv
†cvnv‡Z nq bv; eis GKwU †gvevBj †mUB h‡_ô| nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cÖwm× I g~j MÖš¸‡jv cÖvq meB evsjvq
Abyev` K‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: wmnvn-wmËvn (‡evLvix, gymwjg, bvmvqx, Avey `vD`, wZiwghx I
Beb gvRvn), wgkKvZzj gvmvexn, mybvb `vivgx, mybvb `vivKzZbx, gymbv` Bgvg Avngv`, gyAvËv gvwjK,
jyÕjy Iqvj gviRvb, Av`veyj gydiv`, wiqv`ym-mvwjnxb I Bgvg beexi Pwjøk nv`xmmn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© msKjb
Zv‡Z ¯vb †c‡q‡Q| BbUvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wKsev WvDb‡jvWK‡i G mKj mvBU †_‡K gyû‡Z©B Lyu‡R
†bIqv hvq Kvw•ÿZ nv`xm| nv`xm †LvuRvi †ÿ‡Î G mvBU¸‡jvi we‡kl wKQz •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv
AbymwÜrmy cvVK B”Qv Ki‡j mvBU¸‡jv wfwRU K‡i cÖvq 5wU c×wZ‡Z nv`xm AbymÜvb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
185 https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.royal_bengal_apps.sunan_ibn_majah_bangla&hl=en
314
h_v- 1. MÖš Avbymv‡i nv`xm ; 2.nv`x‡mi aib Abymv‡i; 3.nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvix Abymv‡i; 4. nv`xm b¤î
Abymv‡i; 5.nv`x‡mi kã w`‡q | DwjøwLZ †h †Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z Kvw•ÿZ nv`xm Luy‡R cvIqv m¤¢e| G ai‡bi
KZ¸‡jv nv`xm PP©vi I‡qe mvB‡Ui wjsK Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
1. nv`xmwewW. https://www.hadithbd.com/
2. AvBnv`xm. http://ihadis.com/
3. welqwfwËK nv`xm eB- ZvInx‡ì WvK
https://www.tauhiderdak.com/2020/12/bishoy-vittik-quran-hadis-pdf.html
4. BmjvwgK eB WvDb‡jvW wd«-(KziAvb, nv`xm 55wU cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš, wdKn)
https://islamiboipdf.blogspot.com/
5. BmjvwgK eB mgvnvi/wcwWGd (nv`xm 13wU I nv`xm mswkøó 59wU MÖš)
https://www.islamicboisomahar.in/
6. evsjv nvw`m mdUIq¨vi (50 nvRv‡iiI †ekx nv`x‡mi mgvnvi)
https://sites.google.com/site/islamictune/hadisa-h
6.2.5 mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v : †dmeyK, BDwUDe I †Kviv (Quora)
Z_¨cÖhyw³i Pig DrK‡l©i GB hy‡M mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g GKwU cÖfvekvjx MYgva¨‡gi f~wgKv cvjb
Ki‡Q| G‡Z †hgb i‡q‡Q mZ¨, my›ì I f‡jv wKQzi †LvivK; †Zgwb wg_¨v Avi ¸R‡ei QovQwo|
Zvic‡iI eZ©gvb mgv‡Ri gvbyl G Qvov wb¯úªvY, APj cÖvq; we‡klZ: wK‡kvi-hyeviv wmsnfvM mg‡q G‡Z
Ajm we‡bv`‡b gË| ZvB Bmjvg cÖPviK I we‡klÁ gnj KziAvb-nv`xmwfwËK IqvR-bwmnZ, e³…Zv,
RygAvi Lyrev, cÖeÜ-wbeÜ, MÖšvejx mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨g¸‡jv‡Z (we‡klZ: †dmeyK I BDwUD‡e)
cÖKvk I cÖPvi K‡i _v‡Kb, hv‡Z e„nr G gymwjg mgvR wb‡R‡ì Zvnhxe-ZvgvÏy‡bi wkÿv Lye mn‡R
B›Uvi‡bU †_‡K Lyu‡R wb‡Z cv‡i Ges KziAvb-nv`x‡mi evYx AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
** †dmey‡K BmjvwgK ¯‥jviMY wb‡R‡ì e¨w³MZ †dmeyK AvBwW, †cBR ev MÖæ‡ci gva¨‡g welq wfwËK
Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡Kb| Avevi D™¢~Z mgm¨vi Av‡jv‡K KziAvb-mybœvni `„wófw½ e¨³ K‡ib| G‡Z GKw`‡K
†hgb mvaviY gvby‡li Øxbx wel‡qi mgm¨v mgvavb nq, Ab¨ w`‡K nv`xm PP©vi MwZI †eMevb nq| wb‡¤œ
cÖwm× K‡qKwU †dmeyK AvBwW, †cBR I MÖæ‡ci wjsK †Ìqv n‡jv-
o kvqL Avngv`yjøvni e¨w³MZ †fwidvBW †dmeyK AvBwW
https://www.facebook.com/sheikhahmadullahofficial
o wgRvbyi ingvb AvRnvix-Gi Awdwmqvj †fwidvBW †dmeyK AvBwW
https://www.facebook.com/mizanurrahmanazhariofficial
o gydwZ KvRx Beªvnxg-Gi †dmeyK AvBwW
https://www.facebook.com/sheikkaziibrahim/
o wg¤^vi †dmeyK MÖæd https://www.facebook.com/groups/Minbarbd
o evsjv nv`xm †dmeyK MÖæd https://www.facebook.com/groups/206813636622922
o ‡iRvDj Kixg Aveivi https://www.facebook.com/rezaulkarimabrar221
o W. Gbv‡qZ Djøvn AveŸvmx-Gi Awdwmqvj †dmeyK †cBR
https://www.facebook.com/abbasimonjiljoinpur
o W. Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi-Gi bv‡g †dmeyK AvBwW,
https://www.facebook.com/Dr.KhandakerAbdullahJahangir
o gydZx kwd Kv‡mgx-Gi e¨w³MZ †dmeyK AvBwW,
https://www.facebook.com/MuftiShafiQasemi
315
** ‡dmey‡Ki gZ BDwUD‡eI nv`xm PP©vi G aviv µgnv‡i e„w× cv‡”Q| ag©xq cwÐZMY BDwUD‡e IqvR-
bwmnZ, e³…Zv, †mwgbv‡i cÖ`Ë e³e¨, RygyÕAvi LyZev, wewfbœ gZ‡f`c~Y© wel‡q (evnm) weZK© BZ¨vwì
wfwWI cÖKvk I cÖPvi K‡ib| Gi gva¨‡g evsjvfvlx gvby‡li mvg‡b Øx‡bi `vIqvn cÖPv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_
nv`x‡mi PP©v I cÖPvi-cÖmvi N‡U| wb‡¤œ cÖwm× K‡qKwU BDwUDe P¨v‡b‡ji bvg Dc¯vwcZ n‡jv-
o kvqL Avngv`yjøvni ZË¡veav‡b cwiPvwjZ ÔAvm-mybœvn dvD‡Ûk‡bi BDwUDf P¨v‡bj
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuxth2BimHUigZ344JhcFPw
o wgRvbyi ingvb AvRnvix-Gi e¨w³MZ BDwUDe P¨v‡bj-
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxStLx7yb96MGBfIMo20x7Q
o W. Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi-Gi bv‡g BDwUDe P¨v‡bj
https://www.youtube.com/c/SunnahTrust/playlists
o kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywbi ZvInx`-Gi BDwUDe P¨v‡bj
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm4AMY84K_X6TF0ddmKWbvw
o cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`-Gi BDwUDe P¨v‡bj
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCddNPYT4rLd8nTgI5cQFvEw/videos
o gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvBbyj û`v-Gi BDwUDe P¨v‡bj
o https://www.youtube.com/c/AhlussunnahMedia/videos
**†dmeyK I BDwUD‡ei gZ Ô‡KvivÕ mvBUwUI G †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© fzwgKv cvjb K‡i| GLv‡b gvbyl wbw`©ó
wel‡q cÖkœ K‡ib Avi we‡klÁ e¨w³iv †mme cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| G †ÿ‡Î †`Lv hvq †h, whwb
nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cwÐZ e¨w³ wZwb nv`xm kv¯¿ m¤úwK©Z †h mKj cÖkœ _v‡K †m¸‡jvi DËi cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
Gi gva¨‡g mywbw`©ófv‡e Bjg nv`xm PP©v Kiv m¤¢e nq|
DwjøwLZ Aa¨v‡q (cÂg Aa¨vq) ch©v‡jvPbvq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi bvbv ai‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK ZrciZv,
wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖPvi I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g (nv`xm PP©v) Gi wewfbœ w`K we‡kølY I g~j¨vqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q; hv nv`x‡mi D”PZi M‡elYvi †cÖwÿZ iPbv K‡i‡Q ejv P‡j| ZvB cieZx© (lô Aa¨v‡q) Aa¨v‡q
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm kv‡¯¿i M‡elYv wel‡q ch©v‡jvPbv g~jK mgxÿv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡e|
316
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYv
mßg Aa¨vq
317
mßg Aa¨vq
M‡elYv bZzb Ávb m„wó K‡i wKsev cyivZb Ávb‡K bZzbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i| ZvB G Aa¨v‡q cÖ_gZt
evsjv‡`‡ki cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ
jv‡fi wbwgË iwPZ Awfm›`f©mg~n AbymÜvb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| Zv Qvov †`‡k A‡bK M‡elYv
cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q hviv nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK M‡elYvcÎ, M‡elYvMÖš’ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡gI M‡elYv Kvh©µg
cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡Kb Zv Lyu‡R †ei Kiv n‡e| G Qvov wewfbœ M‡elYv cwÎKvi gva¨‡gI nv`xmkv¯¿
m¤úwK©Z M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq| ZvB evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ wel‡q Kx ai‡bi M‡elYvKg©
m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q Zv AbymÜvb I we‡kølY Kivi j‡ÿ¨B G Aa¨v‡qi AeZviYv| cÖK…Zv‡_© DwjøwLZ M‡elYv
Awfm›`f© I cÖeÜmg~‡ni wePvi-we‡kølY eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg©wUi bZzb †ÿÎ my¯úófv‡e cÖwZfvZ Ki‡e|
7.1 wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYv: Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW
evsjv‡`‡ki wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv‡Z nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. M‡elYv Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e G
wel‡q (1952 mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ) Kx cwigv‡Y Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. (AcÖKvwkZ) M‡elYv
Awfm›`f© iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv GLbI †jvK †Pv‡Li AšÍiv‡jB †_‡K †M‡Q| ZvB wek¦we`¨vjqwfwËK nv`xm
wel‡q K…Z M‡elYv K‡g©i AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q †`Lv †M‡Q- 1. XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 04wU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 10wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ
n‡q‡Q| Avi Aviex wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 04wU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 05wU wcGBP.wW.
Awfm›`f© iwPZ n‡q‡Q| 2. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK
02wU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 09wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Avi Aviex wefv‡M
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 04wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q| 3. PÆMÖvg
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 01wU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 02wU
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Avi Aviex wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 01wU
Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 02wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© iwPZ n‡q‡Q| 4. Kzwóqv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-
nv`xm A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 21wU Gg.wdj. Awfm›`f© I 11wU
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Avj-KziAvb A¨vÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 04wU Gg.wdj. Awfm›`f© I 01wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©
(AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q Ges `vIqvn A¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK 01wU
Gg.wdj. Awfm›`f© I 3wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Avi Aviex wefv‡M evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm welqK 02wU Gg.wdj Awfm›`f© I 3wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© (AcÖKvwkZ) iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨ †h, eZ©gvb M‡elK DwjøwLZ wek¦we`¨vq¸‡jvi mswkøó wefvM, wefvMxq †mwgbvi I †K›`ªxq MÖš’vMv‡i
(K‡ivbv Kv‡j) we‡kl AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ m‡iRwgb cwi`k©b K‡i nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.
M‡elYv Awfm›`f©¸‡jvi mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv wjwce× K‡i‡Qb| G QvovI M‡elYv cwÎKvq evsjv fvlvq
nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ nq; †m wel‡qI GLv‡b AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †m Av‡jv‡K wb‡¤œ
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡q nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. M‡elYv w_wmm Ges M‡elYv
cwÎKvq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK cÖKvwkZ cÖe‡Üi Dci GKwU mswÿß chv©‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jvÑ
318
1. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

wcGBP.wW. w_wmm ch©v‡jvPbv
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : wiRvj kv¯¿ I Rvj nv`x‡mi BwZe„Ë
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-1000|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : 1998
w_wmm bs : 384969
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒwiRvj kv¯¿ I Rvj nv`x‡mi BwZe„ËÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU `yB fv‡M wZbwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i ïiæ‡Z GKwU gyKvwÏgvn
Z_v f~wgKvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb| Gi g‡a¨ nv`x‡mi cwiPq, nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK wKQz we‡kl cwifvlv, wewfbœ
`„wó‡Kv‡Y nv`x‡mi †kÖwYweb¨vm D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| AZtci cÖ_g L‡Ði cÖ_g Aa¨v‡qi g‡a¨ Rvj nv`xm
cÖm‡½ Gi cwiPq, BwZnvm, Rvj nv`xm iPbvi KviY, D‡Ïk¨ I Gi weavb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gynvwÏmM‡Yi M„nxZ c`‡ÿç‡jvi g‡a¨ 13 ai‡Yi cÖwZ‡iva eë¯’vi
K_v DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Rvj nv`x‡mi jÿY, RvjKvix‡ì wewfbœ fvM, Zv‡ì bv‡gi ZvwjKv I
KwZcq Rvj nv`x‡mi D`vniY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ae‡k‡l gynvwÏmM‡Yi M„nxZ cÖ‡Póvi djvdj
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i G L‡Ði BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q| AZtci wØZxq L‡Ði cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q wiRvj kv¯¿ cÖm‡½
eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q AvmgvDi wiRv‡ji cwiPq, wiRvj kv‡¯¿i ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I nv`xm eY©bvKvix mvnvex,
ZvweC, ZveD-ZvweC ivexM‡Yi wewfbœ ¯Íi Ges G kv‡¯¿i DrcwË I µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Ae‡k‡l wiRvj kv‡¯¿i 47 Rb cÖwm× Bgv‡gi mswÿß Rxebx I G kv‡¯¿i Dci iwPZ
cÖwm× MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU DwjøwLZ wel‡q evsjv fvlvq GKwU bZzb M‡elYv| hv
cieZx© M‡elK‡ì D³ wel‡q M‡elYvi cÖwZ †cÖiYv †hvMv‡e| D‡jøL¨, 2005 mv‡j DwjøwLZ w_wmmwU
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg eyLvix (in.) I Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi mnxn nv`xm MÖš’Ø‡qi GKwU
Zzjbvg~jK mgxÿv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` iBQ DwÏb f~Tv
w_wmm bs : 401339
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg eyLvix (in.) I Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi mnxn nv`xm MÖš’Ø‡qi GKwU
Zzjbvg~jK mgxÿvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§`
iBQ DwÏb f~Tv KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK
Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvix (in.) I Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi mswÿß cwiwPwZ wk‡ivbv‡g
BgvgØ‡qi Rxeb I Kg© D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I mnxn k‡ãi we‡kølY cÖm‡½ nv`xm cwiPq,
¸iæZ¡-Zvrch© I nv`xm msKj‡bi DrcwË-µgweKvk Ges Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg gymwjg,
Bgvg bvmvC, Bgvg wZiwghx, Bgvg Beb gvhvn (in.) Gi g‡Z mnxn nv`x‡mi kZ©vejx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ 12wU mnxn nv`x‡mi wKZve ch©v‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mnxnvBb msKj‡b
Abym„Z bxwZgvjv I Df‡qi Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mnxnvBb msKj‡bi kZ©vejx,
319
†kÖôZ¡ I •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, mnxnvB‡bi †kÖôZ¡ cÖgvY Ki‡Z wM‡q M‡elK †P․ÏwU
c‡q‡›U hyw³ Dc¯’vcb K‡i MÖš’Ø‡qi †kªôZ¡ cÖgvY Kivi cÖvqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mnxnvB‡bi
cÖKvi‡f`, Df‡qi AKvU¨Zv I Dfq nv`xm MÖ‡š’i nv`xm Øviv AKvU¨ Ávb AR©b m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q eyLvix I gymwj‡gi Dci iwPZ kiƒnvZ (fvl¨Mªš’mg~n) I gy¯ÍLivRvZ (Bgvg eyLvix
wKsev gymwjg (in.) Gi cieZx© gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ †KD hw` wb‡Ri mb‡` eyLvix ev gymwj‡g ewY©Z nv`xm
eY©bv K‡ib Z‡e Zv‡K gy¯ÍvLivR Avjvj eyLvix ev gymwjg ejv nq|) m¤úwK©Z MÖš’vejx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvix (in.) I Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi kvqLMY †_‡K c„_Kfv‡e nv`xm
msKjb wk‡ivbv‡g G‡Z kvqLvB‡bi eq‡mi eëavb, kvqLM‡Yi wiIqvqv‡Zi avivevwnKZvi ZviZg¨, ¯§iY
kw³i eëavb, m~‡Îi AvwaK¨ I wbe©vPb cÖwµqv, ivexM‡Yi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi gvcKvwV‡Z BLwZjvd, gvbweK
¯^fv‡ei AbyewZ©Zv I DfqB gyRZvwn` BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q; hwÌ Zv wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_
welqe¯‘i ZZUv wgj Ly‡uR cvIqv hvq bv| Aóg Aa¨v‡q mnxnvBb m¤ú‡K© Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq †ZiwU
`„wó‡KvY †_‡K Bgvg eyLvix I gymwjg msKwjZ MÖš’Ø‡qi gv‡S Zzjbvg~jK mgxÿvi gva¨‡g Dfq Mª‡š’i
¯^vZwš¿¨K •ewkó¨vejx Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq eyLvix-gymwj‡gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î
AÎ M‡elYvKg©wU c_cÖ`k©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : kvqL Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) : nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒkvqL Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) : nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vbÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt gvngy`yj nvmvb KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| w_wmmwU XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªwi‡Z Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
4. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : AveŸvmxq hy‡M (200-300 wn.) nv`xm PP©v : GKwU mgxÿv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv
w_wmm bs : 465962
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒAveŸvmxq hy‡M (200-300wn.) nv`xm PP©v : GKwU mgxÿvÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt knx`yj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
cwiwPwZ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, cwifvlv, ¸iæZ¡ -Zvrch© Ges Gi DrcwË-
µgweKv‡ki mswÿß BwZe„‡Ëi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY w`‡q‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ivm~j (mv.), Lyjvdv ivwk`xb I
DgvBqv hy‡M nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q AveŸvmxq hy‡M nv`xm PP©vi GKwU mgxÿv
Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b AveŸvmxq hy‡Mi (137-645wLª.) mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK I agx©q Ae¯’vi mswÿß
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G hy‡M Bjwg nv`xm PP©vi 10wU †K‡›`ªi (g°v, g`xbv, wmwiqv, emiv,
Kzdv, wgmi BZ¨vw`) eY©bv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q AveŸvmxq hy‡Mi wek¦‡miv wmnvn wmËvi QqRb
ÿYRb¥v Bgv‡gi nv`xm kv‡¯¿i †mev m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q AveŸvmxq hy‡Mi 16
Rb cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏ‡mi Rxeb I Kg© m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kivn‡q‡Q|
320
5. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm eY©bvq D¤§vnvZzj gyÕwgbxb‡ì Ae`vb: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv

M‡el‡Ki bvg : mvqx` gynv¤§` dviæK
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 466246
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`xm eY©bvq D¤§vnvZzj gyÕwgbxb‡ì Ae`vb: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b mvqx` gynv¤§` dviæK KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q M‡elYv
c×wZ I mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡jI †Kvb c×wZi Dci wfwË K‡i D³
Awfm›`f©wU iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL K‡ibwb Ges mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g Ô‡Kb G wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvÕ
Zvi mywbw`©ó KviY wbwY©Z nqwb| Zvic‡iI GUv GKUv AMÖMwZ; KviY BZtc~‡e© M‡elYv c×wZ I mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q g‡g© nv`xm welqK †Kvb w_wm‡m cwijwÿZ nqwb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
nv`xm cwiwPwZ c‡e© nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, cwifvlv, ¸iæZ¡ -Zvrch© Ges Gi eY©bv c×wZ, nv`xm
wekvi`‡ì wbKU mb‡ì ¸iæZ¡ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ D³ welq¸‡jv mivmwi wk‡ivbvg mswkøó bq,
ZeyI G ¸‡jvi cÖvmw½KZvi KviY ewY©Z nqwb| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q D¤§vnvZzj gywgbM‡Yi cwiPq, Zv‡ì
kvgvBj I dv`vBj m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxbM‡Yi nv`xm eY©bvq Ae`vb,
Zuv‡ì nv`xm wkÿvMÖnY I wkÿKe„›`, Zvu‡ì nv`xm wkÿvMÖnY c×wZ, Zv‡ì Bjwg nv`xm wkÿv`vb I
Zuv‡ì wkÿv_x©e„›`, Zvu‡ì wkÿv‡K›`ªmg~n BZ¨vw` welq Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q D¤§vnvZzj
gywgbxbM‡Yi ewY©Z nv`xmmg~n welqwfwËK web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ Cgvb I AvKvC` wel‡q 17wU,
Bjg m¤ú‡K© 142wU, AvLjv‡Ki Dci 41wU Ges Zvdmxi m¤ú‡K© 04wU nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi eû weevn‡K †h․w³Kfv‡e nv`xm eY©bvq wbf©i‡hvM¨ eë¯’v wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
m‡ev©cwi M‡elK Zvi M‡elYvq AvaywYK M‡elYv c×wZ I mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv bZzb‡Z¡i ¯úk©
†j‡M‡Q e‡j cÖZxqgvb n‡q‡Q|
6. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq evsjv‡`kx gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb (1971-2012)
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt †gvi‡k` Avjg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. GBP. Gg. gyRZvev †nvQvBb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 466902
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`xm kv¯¿ PP©vq evsjv‡`kx gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb (1971-2012)Ó kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. GBP.Gg. gyRZvev †nvQvBb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt †gvi‡k` Avjg KZ©„K
iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q
nv`x‡mi cwiPq cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi msÁv, cwifvlv, cÖKvi‡f`, nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk, ¸iæZ¡-Zvrch©
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`k cwiwPwZ I G †`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Kvwnbx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm; PZz_© Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wefvM wfwËK 60 Rb cÖwm× gynvwÏ‡mi
Rxeb-Kg© Ges Avwjqv-KIgx avivi (20+24)= 44wU gvìvmv BwZnvm; cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`kx cÖwm×
gynvwÏmM‡Yi 20wU Aviex I D`~© fvlvq iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’ I wewfbœ cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ nv`xm
welqK MÖš’vejxi (ZvwjKv) m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
321
7. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : ûmvBb Beb gvmD` Avj evMvfx (in.) Gi gvmvexûm mybœvn I Iqvwj DÏxb
gynv¤§` LZxe AvZ-Zveixhx (in.) Gi wgkKvZzj gvmvexn : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Avãyjøvn Avj gvgyb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : -----
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒûmvBb Beb gvmD` Avj evMvfx (in) Gi gvmvexûm-mybœvn I Iqvwj
DÏxb gynv¤§` LZxe AvZ-Zveixhx (in) Gi wgkKvZzj gvmvexn : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K wc.GBP.wW
Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` Gi ZË¡veav‡b Avãyjøvn Avj gvgyb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©|
GwU GKwU `ywU weL¨vZ msKwjZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv wfwËK M‡elYvKg©| G
Awfm›`‡f© cÖ_gZ: M‡elK Bgvg ûmvBb Beb gvmD` Avj-evMvfx (in.) I Bgvg Iqvwj DÏxb gynv¤§`
LZxe AvZ-Zveixhx (in) Gi mswÿß cwiwPwZ wk‡ivbv‡g BgvgØ‡qi Rxeb I Kg© D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
AZtci nv`xm Gi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡-Zvrch© I nv`xm msKj‡bi DrcwË-µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
Gi avivewnKZvq gvmvexûm-mybœvn I wgkKvZzj gvmvexn msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Abym„Z bxwZgvjv I Df‡qi
Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk gvmvexûm-mybœvn I wgkKvZzj gvmvexn msKj‡bi kZ©vejx,
†kÖôZ¡ I •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl gvmvexûm-mybœvn I wgkKvZzj gvmvexn MÖš’Ø‡qi g‡a¨
Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq gva¨‡g Dfq Mª‡š’i ¯^vZwš¿¨K •ewkó¨vejx Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
8. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n gvbevwaKvi : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt gwkDi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : gvP©-2015
w_wmm bs : 467664
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒnhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n gvbevwaKvi : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb I W. †kL †gvt BDmyd,
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Gi ‡h․_ ZË¡veav‡b †gvt gwkDi ingvb
KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU mvZwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g
Aa¨v‡q gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYv wk‡ivbv‡g gvbevwaKv‡ii msÁv I ¯îƒc, Drmmg~n, •ewkó¨vejx, cÖKvi‡f` I
µgweKvk Ges Bmjv‡g gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYv, Drm, µgweKvk Ges gvbevwaKv‡ii AvšÍR©vwZK I Ab¨vb¨
`wjjmg~‡ni weeiY Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n
AvšÍR©vwZK iƒc‡iLv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n
gvbevwaKvimg~n D×„Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n bvix, wkï,
e„×, `vm-`vmx, e›`x-Avwèvmx cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY
I Pzw³mg~‡n cÖwZdwjZ gvbevwaKv‡ii e¨vcK ¯^xK…wZi wel‡q D‡V G‡m‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.) Gi evYx, fvlY I Pzw³mg~‡n gvbevwaKv‡ii mdj ev¯Íevqb wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q eZ©gvb
we‡k¦ gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ I Bmjvg cÖ`Ë gvbevwaKv‡ii msiÿY I ev¯Íevq‡bi c`‡ÿcmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
322
9. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) I nv`xm kv¯¿

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gv. ewki DwÏb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. GBP. Gg. gyRZvev †nvQvBb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : 28 †g-2015
w_wmm bs : 468280
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) I nv`xm kv¯¿Ó kxl©K wc.GBP.wW Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. GBP. Gg. gyRZvev †nvQvBb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gv. ewki DwÏb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU wZbwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.):
mswÿß Rxeb cwiµgv wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi mgKvjxb cwi‡ek Ges Zvi Rxeb I Kg©
wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi msÁv, DrcwË-µgweKvk I msKj‡bi BwZnvm ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| AZtci Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ Awf‡hvMmg~n LÐb Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) Gi nv`xmkv‡¯¿ Ae`vb I Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v cÖm‡½ ejv n‡q‡Q
†h, wZwb GKRb gynvwÏm, nvwdRyj nv`xm, Rvin-ZvÔ`x‡ji Bgvg Ges Zuvi msKwjZ ÒwKZveyj AvmviÓ
me©cÖ_g mnxn nv`xm msKjb e‡j M‡elK `vex K‡i‡Qb|
10. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : mnxn Beb Lyhvqgv I mnxn Beb wneŸvb: GKwU Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †kL †gvnv¤§` gvn`x nvmvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt gvmy` Avjg, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 499286
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òmnxn Beb Lyhvqgv I mnxn Beb wneŸvb: GKwU Zzjbvg~jK
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt gvmy` Avjg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †kL †gvnv¤§`
gvn`x nvmvb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU mvZwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK
Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Beb Lyhvqgv (in.) Gi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZ, mvgvwRK I agx©q
Ae¯’vi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Beb Lyhvqgv (in.) Gi Rxeb I Kg© wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mnxn Beb LyhvBgv‡Z nv`xm msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zvui kZ©vejx Ges msKj‡b Zvui Abym„Z c×wZ
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Beb wneŸvb (in.) Gi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZ,
mvgvwRK I agx©q Ae¯’vi weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Beb wneŸvb (in.) Gi Rxeb I Kg©
wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q mnxn Beb wneŸv‡b nv`xm msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zvui kZ©vejx Ges
msKj‡b Zvui Abym„Z c×wZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q mnxn Beb Lyhvqgv I mnxn Beb wneŸvb
MÖš’Ø‡qi gv‡S Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl KZ¸‡jv w`K we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb: mnxn
nv`xm msKj‡b Bgvg Beb Lyhvqgv I mnxn Beb wneŸv‡bi Abym„Z c×wZ; wdKnx gvmvBj eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î
Dfq Bgv‡gi Abym„Z c×wZ; bvwmK-gvbmy‡Li †ÿ‡Î Dfq Bgv‡gi Abym„Z c×wZ; gZ‡f` c~Y© `yÔwU
nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ cÖvavb¨ `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dfq Bgv‡gi Abym„Z c×wZ; nv`xm kix‡d ewY©Z RwUj kã e¨vL¨v
`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dfq Bgv‡gi Abym„Z c×wZ BZ¨vw` welq Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ ‡š’i
g‡a¨ MÖš’Ø‡qi Ae¯’vb Ges Dfq Bgv‡gi AvKx`v, gvhnve I Zv‡ì msKwjZ MÖš’Ø‡qi gh©v`v ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q|
Gg.wdj. w_wmm ch©v‡jvPbv

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : mvnvex nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) Gi Rxeb I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vb : GKwU
BwZnvm wfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : nv‡dR †gv¯Ídv Avng` wmivRx
323
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : -----
ch©v‡jvPbv : w_wmmwU XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq jvB‡eªwi‡Z Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Zvdmxi Avj-evq`vfxi cÖwZwU m~iv‡šÍ mwbœ‡ewkZ nv`xm : cÖK…wZ, •ewkó¨
I weï×Zv wePvi
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` ZvRv¤§yj nK
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzi ingvb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 465880
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒZvdmxi Avj-evq`vfxi cÖwZwU m~iv‡šÍ mwbœwewkZ nv`xm : cÖK…wZ, •ewkó¨
I weï×Zv wePviÓ kxl©K Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§`
ZvRv¤§yj nK KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK
Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Zvdmxi Avj-evq`vfx I mgKvjxb Zvdmxi mvwnZ¨ wk‡ivbv‡gi Aaxb Bgvg
bvwmiæÏxb Avj-evq`vfxi (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx I Zvi iwPZ Zvdmxi Avj-evq`vfxi cwiPq Zz‡j
a‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ G Zvdmx‡ii iPbv c×wZ I •ewkó¨ eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î nv`x‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Zvdmxi KiY,
mb` ms‡ÿcb, Zvdmxi Kvkkv‡di AbymiY, wKivAvZ I e¨vKiY D‡jøL, Aviex KweZvi eënvi, wdKnx
gvmvBj eY©bv, `vk©wbK hyw³ †ck I AvwK`v Dc¯’v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Avnjym mybœvZ Iqvj RvgvÔAv‡Zi AbymiY
BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G ch©vq mgKvjxb mvwnZ¨ (M‡elYvi fvlvq, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv hv
welq wbe©vP‡bi †h․w³KZv mywbw`©ó K‡i, hwÌ Zv m~Pbv‡Z D‡jøL¨) wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg Avj-evq`vfxi
mgmvgwqK Kv‡ji 175wU Zvdmxi MÖš’ cwiwPwZ Ges Zvdmxi Avj-evq`vfxi m~iv‡šÍ †gvU 131wU nv`xm
D×…Z n‡q‡Q e‡j M‡elK `vex K‡i‡Qb| 2q Aa¨v‡q 12wU Ggb Zvdmxi MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q
†h¸‡jv‡Z m~iv‡šÍ nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Zvdmxi Avj-evq`vfx‡Z m~iv‡šÍ mwbœ‡ewkZ
nv`x‡mi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 3q Aa¨v‡q D×…Z 131wU nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z †h‡q M‡elK
Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ g~jbxwZ¸‡jv eY©bvc~e©K D×…Z nv`xm¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| M‡el‡Ki
g‡Z, (4_© Aa¨v‡q) m~iv dvwZnv †_‡K m~iv ïAviv ch©šÍ Ges (5g Aa¨v‡q) m~iv bvgj-bvm cÖ‡Z¨KwU m~ivi
†k‡l ewY©Z †gvU 131wU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ AwaKvsk nv`xm mb‡ì gvb`‡Û DËxY© nqwb; Aí wKQz nv`xm ev‡`
†ewki fvMB hCd I gIRy ev ev‡bvqvU| Z‡e M‡elK G K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, m~ivi dwRjZ eY©bv I
Avg‡j DrmvwnZ Ki‡Yi Rb¨ Avj-evq`vfx †h hCd nv`xm D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Zv gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡Z •ea|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : gymwjg mgv‡R Rvj I hCd nv`x‡mi cÖfve: GKwU ZvwË¡K ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§` mwdKzj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynvt Avãyj evKx, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 469990
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ògymwjg mgv‡R Rvj I hCd nv`x‡mi cÖfve: GKwU ZvwË¡K
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynvt Avãyj evKx Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` mwdKzj
Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi msÁv, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Rvj I hCd nv`x‡mi cwiPq, Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Rvj I hCd
nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk, PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm †g․h~ Ges hCd nv`xm ewY©Z nIqv KviY eY©bvq
M‡elK 9wU KviY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges hCd nv`xm eY©bvKvix wKQz e¨w³-‡Mvwô‡K wba©viY K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨
200Rb Rvj I hCd nv`xm eY©bvKvixi bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm wK Rvj I hCd n‡Z
324
cv‡i? n‡j Avgj‡hvM¨ wK? lô Aa¨v‡q Rvj I hCd eR©‡bi g~jbxwZ mßg Aa¨v‡q gymwjg mgv‡R Rvj I
hCd Gi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Lv`¨-11wU, Bjg-20wU, cweÎZv-06, Avn‡j evqZ-13wU, KziAvb-05wUmn †gvU
124wU Rvj I hCd nv`xm e½vbyev`mn DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Aóg Aa¨v‡q eZ©gv‡b Rvj I hCd nv`xm eR©b
I cÖ¯Ívebv DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| D³ Awfm›`f©wUi M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg AwZ PgrKvi; wKš‘ Gi Af¨šÍ‡i cÖ‡ek
Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg wjLb I web¨vm, kã Pqb, fvlv-fve-eÜ †Kvbfv‡eB M‡elYvi gv‡b
DËxY© bq| G †ÿ‡Î M‡el‡Ki AvšÍwiKZvi h‡_ó Afve cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
2. XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; Aviex wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Òivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÎ I Pzw³ : we‡kølYÓ
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` †mvjvqgvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W±i gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv-1000|
w_wmm bs : 382350
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÎ I Pzw³ : we‡kølYÓ kxl©K
wc.GBP.wW Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W±i gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` †mvjvqgvb KZ©„K
iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q
ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi mgmvgwqK mgvR eë¯’v I Zvui mswÿß cwiwPwZ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÎ wk‡ivbv‡g ZrKvjxb c‡Îi fvlv, iPbvixwZ I
welqe¯‘ Ges ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi cÎ †jLK I evnK hviv wQ‡jb Zv‡ì cwiPq Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi c‡Îi fvlv, iPbvixwZ I welqe¯‘
we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi c‡Îi we‡kølY cÖm‡½ Avi‡ei
10Rb Agymwjg kvmbKZ©v I †MvÎ cÖav‡bi Kv‡Q bex (mv.) Gi †cÖwiZ cÎ; 11 Rb Abvie Agymwjg
kvmbKZ©v I †MvÎ cÖav‡bi Kv‡Q bex (mv.) Gi †cÖwiZ cÎ; G Qvov cÖv‡`wkK kvmbKZ©v, cÖkvmwbK
Kg©KZ©v, Iqvjx I Avwgj‡ì Kv‡Q bex (mv.) Gi †cÖwiZ 06wU c‡Î weeiY DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q
M‡elK ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi 22wU Pzw³bvgv Z_v g`xbv mb`, û`vqweqv mwÜ, wewfbœ
`vbcÎ I Pzw³ cÎ Ges 4wU n¯ÍvšÍi `wj‡ji eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| cwiwk‡ó-1 ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvjøvg KZ©„K wewfbœ ivRvev`kv‡ì Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ cvuwU g~j c‡Îi d‡UvKwci Qwe mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cwiwk‡ó-2 ivm~jyjøvn mvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mvjøv‡gi mg‡qi Avie DcØx‡ci GKwU gvbwPÎ hy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, D³ w_wm‡m M‡elYv ZË¡veavq‡Ki bvg D‡jøL Kiv nqwb; ZvB D³ M‡el‡Ki mv‡_
†dvbvjv‡ci gva¨‡g Zvi ZË¡veavq‡Ki bvg wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : eûj D×…Z Rvj nv`xm : evsjv‡`‡k Gi cÖmvi I cÖfve

M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W±i gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv-1000|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : RyjvB-2011
w_wmm bs : 449954
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òeûj D×…Z Rvj nv`xm : evsjv‡`‡k Gi cÖmvi I cÖfveÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW.
Awfm›`f©wU W±i gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Rvj
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, Rvj ivex I fvl¨ mbv³ Ki‡Yi cwifvlv, Gi weavb, Rvj nv`xm DrcwËi †cÖÿvcU
325
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Rvj I `~e©j nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© I wewfbœ w`K,
dvhvwq‡j Avgj I `~e©j nv`x‡mi m¤úK©, Rvj nv`xm kbv³ Ki‡Yi jÿY I g~jbxwZ m¤úwK©Z welqvw`
wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k Rvj nv`xm cÖmv‡ii †cÖÿvcU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_©
Aa¨v‡q Ô‡h me wel‡q mKj nv`xm RvjÕ wk‡ivbv‡g 117wU wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb:
e„n¯úwZ evi bK KvUv Ges bK KvUvq Av½ywjmg~‡ni avivevwnKZv iÿv, ga¨ kvev‡bi iv‡Zi bvgvh,
`yÔC‡ì bvgv‡h wKivZ cvV, Avïivi dwRjZ, KziAv‡bi AvqvZ I m~ivi dwhjZ, we‡kl K‡qK †kÖwYi
cy¯‡Í Ki nv`xmmg~n Amnxn BZ¨vw`| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Ôevsjv‡`‡k Rvj nv`x‡mi cÖfveÕ wk‡ivbv‡g wkiK-Kzdi
AvKx`vi cÖwZdjb, Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK AvKx`v cwicwš’ aviYv-wek¦v‡mi cÖwZdjb, KziAvb-mybœv‡ni evB‡i
we‡kl ev‡Zbx Bj‡gi Kì, Avn‡j evB‡Zi gh©v`vq AwZiÄb, `x‡bi me©Îw¯’Z wfwË wn‡m‡e b~‡i-gynv¤§`x
Z‡Ë¡i cÖPjb, gvbmRvZ-mgvRvZ Pwi‡Î Bmjvgx welqvwì iƒcvqY, A‡j․wKK I Am¤¢e bxwZ-wbq‡gi
ms¯’vcb, Avwjg I wewkó e¨w³‡ì‡K bex-ivm~jM‡Yi mgvšÍivj g~j¨vqY, wewae× Avg‡ji mv‡_ AwZwi³
I Awewae× Avg‡ji ms‡hvRb BZ¨vw` 15wU cÖfv‡ei K_v DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Ònv`xm kv¯¿ wel‡q m„ó mskq : msKjb, gZb I ivfx cÖm½Ó
M‡el‡Ki bvg : KvDQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. G we Gg wQwÏKzi ingvb wbRvgx, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : b‡f¤î-2012
w_wmm bs : 465929
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`xm kv¯¿ wel‡q m„ó mskq : msKjb, gZb I ivfx cÖm½Ó kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. G we Gg wQwÏKzi ingvb wbRvgx Gi ZË¡veav‡b KvDQvi †gvt evKx
wejøvn KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cÖKvi‡f`, Av‡jvP¨ welq, D‡Ïk¨, wKQz cwifvlv, nv`x‡mi
¸iæZ¡ I Acwinvh©Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K nv`x‡mi †kÖwYweb¨vm
Ges G‡ì weavb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Avgj I AvnKvg wel‡q `~e©j nv`x‡mi Ae¯’vb
I weavb cÖm‡½ `qxd nv`xm, mnxn I nvmv‡bi ¯Í‡i DwbœZ nIqvi wewea Kvh© weeiY Ges ïay GK mb‡`
ewY©Z nIqv Ave¯’vq hqxd nv`x‡mi Dci Avgj Kivi ûKzg I kZ©mg~n ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
A¯^xKvi I mskq m„wói m~Pbv I µgweKvk cÖm‡½ nv`xm A¯^xKv‡ii weavb, Bjv‡gi cÖv_wgK hyM †_‡K Gi
m~Pbv I µgweKvk Ges AvaywbK hy‡M wewfbœ m¤úª`vq wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msiÿY
I msKj‡bi cÖK…wZ BwZnvm wfwËK ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi gZb wel‡q m„ó mskq wbim‡b
gynvwÏmM‡Yi f~wgKv I Kg©c×wZ chv©‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, mßg Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi ivexM‡Yi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
g~j¨vq‡b nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi Kg©c×wZ I G wel‡q m„ó msk‡qi ch©v‡jvPbv Ges Aóg Aa¨v‡q m„ó
mskvqvejxmn Bjwg nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨ gZ‡f‡ì Kvi‡Y gymwjg mgv‡R AvKvB` I wdKnx wel‡q gZcv_©K¨
•Zwi n‡q‡Q; d‡j m„ó gZ‡f`‡K †K›`ª K‡i Gi cÖfv‡e nv`xm‡K hqxd I gIRy ejvi cÖeYZv wewfbœ
†Mvwôi g‡a¨ cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q e‡j M‡elK Zvi †Rviv‡jv gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
Gg.wdj w_wmm ch©v‡jvPbv

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Òwbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbx (i.) Gi nv`xm mvabv : cÖK…wZ I •ewkó¨Ó
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` gvKQz`yj nK
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. Avãyj Kvwì, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv-1000|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : GwcÖj-2011
w_wmm bs : 449994
326
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òwbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbx (i.) Gi nv`xm mvabv : cÖK…wZ I •ewkó¨Ó kxl©K
Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. Avãyj Kvwì Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` gvKQz`yj nK KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjvg AvMgb, G Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`x‡mi AvMgb I PP©v (1947 ch©šÍ), wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
e½ I evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges Bjwg nv`xm PP©v (1971 mvj ch©šÍ); we‡klZ: QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr
Avwjqv gvìvmvi Ae`vb DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Pxb I ZzwK©¯’vb wk‡ivbv‡g Px‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMgb
I mgKvjxb Pxb ZzwK©, eyLviv I mgiK‡›ì Av_©-mvgvwRK I agx©q Ae¯’v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbxi Rxeb I Kg© Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| M‡el‡Ki `vex, 1946-1986 mvj ch©šÍ
†gvU 2,858Rb wkÿv_x© Avjøvgv wbqvh gvL`yg †LvZqvbxi (in.) KvQ †_‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Bjwg nv`x‡mi
m‡e©v”P mb` jvf K‡ib| cÂg Aa¨v‡q gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbxi (in.) nv`xm mvabvi cÖK…wZ I
•ewkó¨ wePv‡ii †ÿ‡Î Zvui wKZvex mvabv I Bjwg nv`xm Zvui ev¯Íe Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvwMK mvabvi wewfbœ w`K
Zz‡j Avbv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Òe„wUk c~e© gymwjg kvmbvg‡j e‡½ nv`xm PP©v (1201-1757)Ó
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Lwjjyi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` BDQzd, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv- 1000|
w_wmm bs : 465878
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òe„wUk c~e© gymwjg kvmbvg‡j e‡½ nv`xm PP©v (1201-1757)Ó kxl©K
Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` BDQzd Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Lwjjyi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU wZbwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_ g Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡, Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ïk¨, Bjwg nv`x‡mi DrcwË-µgweKvk Ges cÖwm× Qq Rb gynvwÏm I Bjwg
nv`x‡m Zvu‡ì Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q e‡½ nv`xm PP©v wk‡ivbv‡g ivm~‡ji hy‡M Ges
†Lvjvdv iv‡k`y‡bi Avg‡j e‡½ mvnvex‡ì AvMgb, DgvBq¨v I AveŸvmxq kvmbvg‡j e‡½ nv`xm PP©vi aib
I cÖK…wZ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q †gvNj Avg‡j e‡½ nv`xm PP©v ej‡Z w`jøx, wenvi,
Kvk¥xi, gyjZvb, `vwÿYvZ¨, ¸RivU, gvje, wmÜz, jv‡nvi, AvMÖv, †R․bcyi I e½ AÂ‡j hviv nv`xm PP©v
K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Ae`vb Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv AvwRRyj nK I gydZx Avgxgyj Gnmv‡bi Ae`vbÓ
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Avãyj evix Iqv`y`x
ZË¡veavqK : W. gynv: wgRvbyi ingvb, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe, XvKv|
w_wmm bs : 521203
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv AvwRRyj nK I gydZx Avgxgyj Gnmv‡bi Ae`vbÓ
kxl©K Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU W. gynv: wgRvbyi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b Avãyj evix Iqv`y`x KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU mvZwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡, Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ïk¨, Bjwg nv`x‡mi DrcwË-µgweKvk Ges Bjwg nv`x‡m cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi
Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q cvKfviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖwm× gynvwÏmM‡Yi Bjwg nv`x‡m
Ae`vb cÖm‡½ kvn IqvwjDjøvn gynvwÏm w`njvfx (in.) †_‡K ïiæ K‡i kvqL hvdi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.)
ch©šÍ †gvU 10Rb L¨vZbvg gynvwÏ‡mi Ae`vb Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK
(in.) Gi Rxeb I Kg© ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q gydZx Avgxgyj Gnmv‡bi (in.) Rxeb I
Kg© ms‡ÿ‡c ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q kvqLyj nv`x‡mi mgKvjxb evsjv‡`‡k ivR‣bwZK I ag©xq Ae¯’v
327
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in.) Gi Ae`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î me©cÖ_g
c~Y©v½fv‡e eyLvix kix‡di e½vbyev` Kg© 4000 c„ôvq, 10L‡Ð m¤úv`b K‡ib | G Qvov wZwb `xN© 65 eQi
Bjwg nv`x‡mi cVb, cvVb, Aa¨vcbv I mvabvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| mßg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq
gydZx Avgxgyj Gnmv‡bi (in.) Aa¨vcbv, mvabv I MÖš’ iPbv m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb M‡elYv mswkøó wb‡¤œi Awfm›`f©¸‡jv AbymÜvb Pvwj‡qI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb:
1. nv`xm eY©bvq nhiZ Avqkv (iv) Gi Ae`vb, Aviex wefvM, Gg.wdj, 2010wLª.|
2. mvnvex nhiZ Avbvm (iv) I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vb: GKwU BwZnvmwfwËK ch©v‡jvPbv, nv‡dR †gv¯Ídv
Avngv` wmivRx, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Gg.wdj, 2011wLª.|
3. nv`x‡m bewei cÖwZ cÖvP¨we`‡ì `„wófw½ : GKwU we‡kølYagx© mgxÿv; Aviex wefvM, wcGBP.wW, 2010wLª.|
4. evsjv‡`‡ki cwi‡ek Dbœq‡b nv`x‡m ivm~j (mv.) Gi Dc‡hvwMZv; Aviex wefvM, wcGBP.wW, 2011wLª.|
2. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq; BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : ÒBgvg Zvnvfxi Rxebx Ges nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vbÓ
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj-KziAvb, Bwe, MvRxcyi|
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb, Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivwe,
ivRkvnx I cÖ‡dmi W. G we Gg nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefvM, Xvwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-1494
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg Zvnvfxi Rxebx Ges nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vbÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW.
Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` gyRxeyi ingvb I cÖ‡dmi W. G we Gg nvexeyi ingvb †P․ayix Gi ‡h․_
ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Zvnvfx (in.) Gi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges wkÿv I
ms¯‥„wZK Ae¯’v Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Zvnvfxi (in.) Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Zvnvfxi cÖwm× wkÿK I wkÿv_©x‡ì Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kv‡¯¿
Bgvg Zvnvfxi Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q nv`xmMÖš’ msKj‡b Bgvg Zvnvfxi g~j D‡Ïk¨
e¨vL¨v Kivi cvkvcvwk Bgvg kvwdCi BLwZjvdzj nv`xm Ges Beb KzZvqev, Bebyj RvIhx, gynv¤§` Beb
Avjx I Beb dziv‡Ki BLwZjvdzj nv`xm MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvi c‡i Bgvg Zvnvfxi kiû gvÕAvwbj Avmvi
msKj‡bi D‡Ïk¨, welqe¯‘, AvnKvg welqK nv`xm, ci¯úi we‡ivax nv`x‡mi mgvav‡b Bgvg Zvnvfxi
Abym„Z bxwZgvjvI c×wZ `„óvšÍmn Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G MÖ‡š’i fvl¨MÖš’mg~n I G‡Z D×„Z
nv`x‡mi ZvLixR, Gi wiRvj ch©v‡jvPbv I mb‡ì weeiY we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Bjwg
nv`xm QvovI Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Bgvg Zvnvfxi Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I wdKn
kv¯¿we`M‡Yi `„wó‡Z Zvnvfxi Ae¯’vb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, D³ w_wmmwU 2018 mv‡j BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k †_‡K MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
2.M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avãyj nK w`njfx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Gm. Gg. AvãyQ Qvjvg, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Aviex wefvM, ivwe|
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-1917
328
ch©v‡jvPbv : Avãyj nK w`njfx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b Gm. Gg. AvãyQ Qvjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj nv`x‡mi cwiPq,
fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi mswÿß aviv I weKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avãyj nK
w`njfx (in.) Gi mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi ag©xq, mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK Ae¯’v| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Rxebcwiµgvq Zvi
bvg, esk, Rb¥, wkÿv, wkÿKZv QvÎ-wkÿK BZ¨vw`| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq Avãyj nK w`njfx (in.) Gi
Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Zvi ìm-Zvìxm I MÖš’ cÖbqY I e¨vL¨vKiY we‡klZ: Zvi ÒAvwkqvZzj jygvÕAvZÓ MÖ‡š’i
ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb, MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨, gbxlx‡ì gšÍe¨, nv`xm wel‡q Zvi Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Áv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvq Zvi Ae`vb Z_v KziAvb Zvdmxi, mxivZ,
BwZnvm, AvKvC`, ZvmvDd, AvLjvK, wdKn, gvbwZK, bvû ev Aviex e¨vKiY, ZvRfx`, AvZ¥Rxebx I
gvKvwZe wel‡q g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq AmvaviY Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb| lô Aa¨v‡q
w`njfx (in.) Gi mgKvjxb K‡qKRb weL¨vZ Av‡jg Z_v- kvqL Avng` mviwn›`x, †gvjøv Avãyj Kv‡ì
ev`vDbx, gvIjvbv RvjvjyÏxb w`njvfx, Avãyi inxg Lv‡b Lvbvb, kvqL Rvgvj DwÏb †K․wo, LvRv mvwq¨`
Av`g webœ~ix, Avãyj nvKxg wkqvj‡KvUx, gxi mvwq¨` Zvwqë wejwMivgx (in.) cÖgyL e¨w³e‡M©i mswÿß Rxebx
Zz‡j a‡i Zv‡ì gv‡S Avãyj nK w`njvfxi Ae¯’v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg Beb gvRvn : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : G †K Gg Avãyj jwZd, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM,ivwe|
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmvi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivwe, ivRkvnx|
w_wmm bs : wW-2021
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg Beb gvRvn: nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vbÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b G †K Gg Avãyj jwZd KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Beb gvRvni mgKvjxb
ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK I ag©xq Ae¯’v Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Beb gvRvn
Gi eY©vX¨ Rxeb aviv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui cÖwm× wkÿK I QvÎ‡ì Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Beb gvRvn Gi mybvb MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvq nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cÖKvi, mybvb Beb gvRvni
Aa¨vq, cwi‡”Q`, nv`xm msL¨v, •ewkó¨, wmnvn wmËvi AšÍf©~w³ I Ae¯’vb, nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi AwfgZ I
ch©v‡jvPbv Ges Gi fvl¨MÖš’mg~n Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mybvb Beb gvRvn Gi AšÍM©Z wKQz msL¨K
mgv‡jvwPZ nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ 33 Lvbv nv`xm D‡jøLc~e©K cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi mb` wb‡q nv`xm wekvi` I
wiRvj kv¯¿ we‡klÁ‡ì gZvgZ D‡jøLc~e©K ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
4.M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg :
Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb ÔAvjx Beb Dgvi Av`-`vivKzZbx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui
Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` BKivgyj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Gd. Gg. G. GBP ZvKx I cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj
†nv‡mb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
w_wmm bs : wW-2206
ch©v‡jvPbv : Bgvg Aveyj nvmvb ÕAvjx Beb Dgvi Av`-`vivKzZbx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui
Ae`vb kxl©K wcGBP.wW.Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. Gd.G. GBP ZvKx I cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb
329
Gi ‡h․_ ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` BKivgyj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| Awfm›`f©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm
Kiv n‡jI cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q f~wgKv I lô Aa¨v‡q Dcmsnvi Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg `vivKzZbx
(in.) Gi mgKvjxb mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK, ag©xq I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q
Bgvg `vivKzZbxi (in.) c~e©hy‡M nv`xm PP©v, mvnex, ZvweC hy‡M nv`xm PP©v, wØZxq, Z…Zxq I PZz_© kZvãx‡Z
nv`xm PP©vi BwZnvm D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bgvg `vivKzZbxi Rxeb aviv eY©bvq Zvi bvg, esk,
Rb¥, wkÿv-`xÿv, we¯§qKi cÖwZfv I Ávb PP©v, gynvwÏmM‡Yi †Pv‡L Bgvg `vivKzZbx, Zvi weL¨vZ wkÿK I
QvÎe„›`, AvwK`v, gvhnve, iPbvejx BZ¨vwì Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq Zvi
Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Òmybvby `vivKzZbxiÓ ch©v‡jvPbvq Gi •ewkó¨, welqe¯‘ ch©v‡jvPbv, Gi fvl¨MÖš’, G‡Z ewY©Z
nv`xmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mnxn, nvmvb, gyimvj, `Cd, gvI`y I mgv‡jvwPZ ivex‡ì eY©bv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| G Qvov cwiwkó-1 wk‡ivbv‡g mybvby `vivKzZbxi m~Px, Aa¨vq I Aa¨vqf~³ nv`x‡mi cwimsL¨vb Ges
cwiwkó-2 wk‡ivbv‡g Bgvg `vivKzZbx KZ©„K mgv‡jvwPZ mybvb MÖ‡š’i ivexM‡Yi ÎæwU-wePy¨wZi c~Y©v½ ZvwjKv
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
5. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nvwdh gynv¤§` Beb Zvwni Avj-gvK`vmx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv¤§` mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
w_wmm bs : wW-2422
ch©v‡jvPbv : nvwdh gynv¤§` Beb Zvwni Avj-gvK`vmx : nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb KZ©„K
iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q gynv¤§`
Beb Zvwni Avj-gvKw`mx (in) Gi Rxeb avivi eY©bvq Zvi cwiPq, wkÿv, wkÿKgÛjxi g‡a¨ cÖwm× 14
R‡bi mswÿß Rxebx I QvÎ‡ì Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov nv`xm A‡š^l‡Y gvK`vmxi •ewkó¨, Kve¨
cÖwZfv, gvhnve I gbxlx‡ì `„wó‡Z Bgvg gvK`vmx, Zvui iPbvejx BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| wØZxq
Aa¨v‡q Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gvKw`mxi Ae`vb kxl©K G Aa¨v‡q Rvj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, DrcwË-µgweKvk,
Rvj nv`xm iPbvi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q M‡elK bqwU KviY eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb: ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y
kxÕAv I Lv‡iRx m¤úª`vq nv`xm Rvj Ki‡Zv; wh›`xK‡ì Øviv iwPZ, RvwZ, †MvÎ, fvlv, †`k I Bgvg
cÖxwZi Ki‡Y, wKm&mv-Kvwnbx, kvmKe‡M©i •bKU¨ jvf, RbZv‡K AwaK ci‡nhMvixi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvhnve-
ZixKvi mg_©‡b, cyi¯‥vi wKsev eëmvqxK D‡Ï‡k¨ nv`xm Rvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a
gynvwÏmM‡Yi f~wgKvq 4wU c`‡ÿ‡ci eY©bv G‡m‡Q| Rvj nv`xm †Pbvi Dcvq eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †k‡l Rvj
nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gvKw`mxi Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi iwPZ ÒZvhwKivZzj ûddvRÓ MÖ‡š’i
ch©v‡jvPbv I KwZcq •ewkó¨ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q AvZ¡ivd nv`x‡m gvKw`mxi Ae`vb eY©bvq
M‡elK AvZ¡ivd nv`x‡mi cwiPq, AvZ¡ivd MÖ‡š’i DcKvwiZv, G m¤úwK©Z MÖš’vejx, gvKw`mxi Ae`vb
cÖm‡½ Zvi iwPZ ‫ اطراف كتب الستة‬I ‫ اطراف الغرائب واالفراد‬MÖš’Øq ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_©
Aa¨v‡q Bgvg gvKw`mxi Ab¨vb¨ Ae`v‡bi g‡a¨ Zvi iwPZ (1) ‫( الجمع بين رجال الصحيحين‬2) ‫ايضاح االشكال‬
(3) ‫ شروط االئمة الستة‬G wZbwU Abb¨ mvaviY •ewk‡óï AwaKvix MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
D‡jøL¨, M‡el‡Ki cÖ_g I Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q ÒAvj-gvK‡`mxÓ kãwU eënvi jÿŸxq, wKš‘ 2q Aa¨v‡q ÒAvj-
gvK`vmxÓ cwijwÿZ nq| m¤¢eZ: M‡elK kãwU wb‡q wKQzUv msk‡qi g‡a¨ wQ‡jb| e¯‘Z: gynv¤§` Beb
Zvwni †h‡nZz ÒevqZzj gyKvÏv‡mÓ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| ZvB Zvi mv‡_ Avj-gvK`vmx nIqvUvB hyw³ hy³|1
1 kvgmyÏxb Avh-hvnvex, wmqviæ AvÕjvwgb byevjv, L. 19, •eiƒZ: gyAvmmvZzi wimvjvn, ms¯‥. 11, 1996 wLª. c„. 361
330
6. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : wmivRMÄ †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt Gbvgyj nK
w_wmm bs : wW-2375
ch©v‡jvPbv : wmivRMÄ †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W.
gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gv: Gbvgyj nK KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q
web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q wmivRMÄ †Rjvi Ae¯’vb I cwiwPwZ eY©bv
K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ivRbxwZ I Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq wmivRMÄ †Rjvi Ae`vb cÖm½, wewkó e¨w³Z¡
h_v- •mq` BmgvCj †nv‡mb wmivRx, bRxe ingvb mvwnZïZœ, gvIjvbv Avãyj nvgx` Lvb fvlvYx, †gvnv¤§`
eiKZzjøvn, gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx` ZK©evMxk, K¨v‡Þb gbm~i Avjx, Avãyjøvn Avj-gyZx kidzÏx‡bi gZ
cÖL¨vZ ¸YxR‡bi Rxeb PwiZ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vi †K›`ªmg~n I †m¸‡jvi
g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î ïiæ‡Z nv`xm cwiwPwZ I msKj‡bi BwZnvm, Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v, evsjv I
†mvbviMvuI‡q nv`xm PP©v, AZtci wmivRM‡Äi nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| KIgx I Avwjq avivi
gvìvmvmg~‡ni eY©bv †Ìqvi gva¨‡g Aa¨vqwU mgvß Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q wmivRMÄ †Rjvi
gynvwÏmM‡Yi Rxeb I Kg© wk‡ivbv‡g †gvU 61 Rb cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏ‡mi Rxeb I nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Ae`vb
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` BmgvBj †nv‡mb BmjvgbMix I nv`xm PP©vq Zvui
Ae`vb eY©bv cÖm‡½ cÖ_‡g Zvui Rxebx Ges c‡i Zvi iwPZ MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, gvIjvbv
BmjvgbMix iwPZ bqwU MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jI G¸‡jvi GKwUI mivmwi nv`xm MÖš’ bq| Aci
w`‡K Zvi iPbvejxi ZvwjKvq 16wU MÖ‡š’i bvg msKwjZ n‡q‡Q|
7. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv‡`‡k KIgx gvìvmvi L¨vZbvgv AvwjgMY: nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb
(1947-2002)
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Gm. Gg †n`v‡qZzj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi †gv. iƒûj Avwgb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-3011
ch©v‡jvPbv : evsjv‡`‡k KIgx gvìvmvi L¨vZbvgv AvwjgMY : nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì
Ae`vb (1947-2002) kxl©K wcGBP.wW.Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi †gv. iƒûj Avwgb Gi ZË¡veav‡b Gm.Gg
†n`v‡qZzj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q mgKvjxb gymwjg‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q KIgx gvìvmvi
DrcwË I µgweKvk; Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q L¨vZbvgv KIgx AvwjgM‡Yi mswÿß Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q KIgx AvwjgMY KZ…©K gvìvmv cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v| cÂg Aa¨v‡q KIgx AvwjgM‡Yi
wjLbx Z_v Ab~w`Z, msKwjZ, e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’ Ges cwÎKvi gva¨‡g nv`xm cÖPvi| G‡Z mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv wKsev M‡elYv c×wZ, M‡elYvi D‡Ïk¨ m¤úwK©Z eY©bv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb| 
8. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avngv` Bebyj ûmvBb Avj-evqnvK¡x (i.): nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv: Kexiæj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM,
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
w_wmm bs : wW-2375
331
ch©v‡jvPbv : Avngv` Bebyj ûmvBb Avj-evqnvK¡x (in) : nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vb kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv: Kexiæj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg evqnvKxi
mgmvgwqK ivR‣bwZK, Av_©-mvgvwRK, wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK I ag©xq Ae¯’vi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq
Aa¨v‡q Bgvg ivqnvKxi (384wn./994wLª-458wn./1066 wLª.) Rxeb avivq Zvi Rb¥, esk cwiPq, bvg,
•kke-‣Kki, wkÿv-`xÿv, ìm-Zvìxm, MÖš’ cÖYqb BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg
evqnvKxi L¨vZbvgv wkÿK-wkÿv_©x‡ì eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vb cÖm‡½
Zvi msKwjZ ÒAvm-mybvbyj KzeivÓ Gi iPbv c×wZ, we‡kl cwifvlv, Gi •ewkó¨ I kZ©vejx, Gi Ae¯’vb,
Aa¨vq I nv`xm msL¨v, Gi Dci cieZ©x KvRmg~n DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Zvi msKwjZ ÒAvm-mybvb
Avm-mMxiÓ MÖ‡š’i g~j¨vqb, cÖYqb c×wZ, •ewkó¨, nv`xm I Aa¨vq msL¨v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi Av‡iv GKwU
weL¨vZ msKjb ÒïAveyj CgvbÓ cÖYq‡bi KviY, Av‡jvP¨ welq, web¨vm c×wZ, •ewkó¨vejx, nv`xm I
Aa¨vq msL¨v, BZ¨vw` we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Áv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvq Zvi Ae`vb cÖm‡½
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Dj~gyj KziAvb I Zvdmxi mvwn‡Z¨ Zvi Ae`vb, Dj~gyj AvKvC`, wdKn I Dm~jyj
wdK‡n Zvi Ae`vb, fvlv-mvwn‡Z¨ I Kve¨cÖwZfv, hyn`-wiKvK welqK Áv‡b Ae`vb, BwZnvm, mxivZ,
Aveè I dvhv‡qj wel‡q Zvi Awe¯§iYxq Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e DwjøwLZ M‡elYvq mvwnZ¨
ch©v‡jvPbv, c×wZ, D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbv cÖZxqgvb nqwb|
9. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avj-RvwgÔDm mnxni Av‡jv‡K Bgvg eyLvixi (in.) wdKn I BRwZnv`:
GKwU we‡kølY
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt gyiv` Djøvn
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb I W. †gv. kwdKzj Bmjvg, cÖ‡dmi, BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
w_wmm bs : wW-3955
ch©v‡jvPbv : Avj-RvwgÕDm mnxni Av‡jv‡K Bgvg eyLvixi (in.) wdKn I BRwZnv` : GKwU
we‡kølY kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb I W. †gv. kwdKzj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b
†gv: gyiv` Djøvn KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU mvZwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Awfm›`‡f©i
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvixi mswÿß Rxebavivq bvg, esk cwiwPwZ, Rb¥, jvjb-cvjb, nv`xm wkÿv, AmvaviY
¯§„wZkw³ I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cvi½gZv, iPbvejx BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avj-
RvwgÕDm mnxni cwiPq I ch©v‡jvPbvq mnxn eyLvix msKj‡bi †cÖÿvcU, msKjb I bvgKiY, msKjbc×wZ I
mZK©Zv, kZ©vejx, mb` I gZb wbwiÿY I Aa¨vq, cwi‡”Q`, nv`xm msL¨v, •ewkó¨, mgv‡jvPbv-Rveve I
fvl¨MÖš’mg~n BZ¨vw` we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvixi wdKn I BRwZnv` cÖm‡½
wdK‡ni cwiPq, Drm, DrcwË I µgweKvk Ges eyLvixi wdKn PP©v, Zvi g~jbxwZ Ges BRwZnv` cwiwPwZ,
cÖKvi‡f`-†ÿÎ, weavb, gyRZvwn‡ì kZ©vejx I Zvi gyRZvwn` nIqvi cÖvgvwYK `jxj Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_©
Aa¨v‡q mnxn eyLvixi ZiRgvZzj eve cÖYq‡b cvwÐZ¨, Gi cÖKvi‡f`, G‡Z wdKnx gvmv‡qj D™¢ve‡b Zvi
cvwÐZ¨ cÖgvwYZ nIqvi Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q G Aa¨v‡q mnxn eyLvixi ZiRgvZzj ev‡e D™¢vweZ
Bev`Z msµvšÍ wdKnx gvmv‡qj ch©v‡jvPbvq Cgvb, ZvnvivZ, Avhvb, mvjvZ, Rygvi mvjvZ, mvjvZzj C`vBb,
Rvbvhv mvjvZ, hvKvZ, mv`vKv, n¾-Dgiv, mvIg cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q gyqvÔgvjvZ m¤úwK©Z
wdKnx gvmvwqj Z_v µq-weµq, weevn, wkóvPvi, Ac‡ii M„‡n cÖ‡ek Kivi c×wZ, BRviv, nvIqvjv, IKvjv,
eM©vPvl, FY, wnev, IwmqvZ I wRnv` BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvix D™¢vweZ
Aciva I `Ðwewa m¤úwK©Z wdKnx gvmvB‡j AcniY, `Ðwewa, gyiZv`, wKmvm, i³cY, e¨wfPvi, Pzwi, WvKvwZ,
g`¨cvb BZ¨vw` m¤úwK©Z Zvi M‡elYvjä gZvgZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
332

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : e„nËi iscyi †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gv. †gv¯Ídv b~i Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òe„nËi iscyi †Rjvq nv`xm PP©vÓ kxl©K Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W.
gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gv. †gv¯Ídv b~i Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU
PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q e„nËi iscyi †Rjv cwiwPwZ Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q e‡½ Bmjv‡gi AvMgb I iscyi †Rjvq Bmjvg cÖm‡½ e„nËi iscy‡ii nv`xm PP©v
†K›`ªmg~n, evsjv‡`‡k Avwjqv gvìvmvi †MvovcËb, iscy‡ii Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvmg~‡ni weeiY
BZ¨vw` wea„Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q e„nËi iscyi †Rjvi gynvwÏme„‡›ì Ae`vb cÖm‡½ 90Rb kxl©
gynvwÏ‡mi mswÿß Rxebx Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q e„nËi is cyi †Rjvi nv`xm welqK MÖš’Kvi‡ì
Rxeb I Kg© cÖm‡½ iscyi wbevmx ivwe BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn I W.
gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingv‡bi Rxeb I Kg© Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb MÖš’Kv‡ii Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb cvqwb|
2. †kL †gvnv¤§` gvn`x nvmvb, gynv¤§` Beb Lyhvqgv (i:): nv`xm PP©vq Zvi Ae`vb, 2011 wLª., Gg.wdj,
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivwe| w_wmmwU Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvqwb|
2. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq; Aviex wefvM
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : bIqve wmÏxK nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (in.): nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv. Devq`yjøvn
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. gynv. Avãyj nK, Aviex wefvM, ivwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-2558
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒbIqve wmÏxK nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (in) : nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vbÓ
kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gynv. Avãyj nK Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv. Devq`yjøvn KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q bIqve
wmÏxK nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (in) Gi mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi ag©xq, mvgvwRK, I ivR‣bwZK cwi‡ek cÖm‡½
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q bIqve wmÏxK nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (in) Gi mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi cwiPq Ges cvm fvi‡Z nv`xm PP©vi aviv I weKv‡ki BwZnvm
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kv‡¯¿ bIqve wmwÏK nvmvb Gi Ae`vb eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q M‡elK Zvi
nv`xm kv‡¯¿ cvwÐZ¨ AR©b, cvV`vb, gvìvmv I KyZzeLvbv cÖwZôv, e¨vL¨vMÖš’ cÖYqb, nv`xm Zvdmxi I wdKûj
nv`x‡mi `~j©f MÖš’ivwR cÖKvkbv cÖm‡½ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| G Qvov f~cvjx iwPZ ÒdvZûj Avjøvg wd kiwn
eyjywMj gvivgÓ MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv, •ewkó¨ Ges nv`xm welqK Zvi Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’vejxi ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q bIqve f~cvjx Gi Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi Ae`vb Av‡jvPbvq M‡elK Zvi Zvdmxi,
Kvjvg, wdKn, BwZnvm I mxivZkv‡¯¿ Ae`vb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ ivóªbxwZ I kvmb eë¯’vq Zvui
Ae`vb, mybœv‡Zi AbymiY, mvwnZ¨-weÁvb, ZvmvIDd, gvbvwKe I dv`vwqj, wek¦‡Kvl, Aviex Awfavb iPbv
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Zvi Ae`vb Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q bIqve f~cvjx Gi mgKvjxb KwZcq cÖwm×
gynvwÏ‡mi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ wgqv bvhxi ûmvBb †`njvfx, wejv‡qZ Avjx Avhxgvev`x, gvngy` nvmvb I kvgmyj
nK Avwhgvev`x cÖgy‡Li mswÿß Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
333
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bmjvg cÖPvi I nv`xm msiÿ‡Y D¤§vnvZzj †gvwgwb‡bi Ae`vb : GKwU
mgxÿv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Zv‡niv AviRy Lvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Gm. Gg AvãyQ Qvjvg, Aviex wefvM, ivwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-2554
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBmjvg cÖPvi I nv`xm msiÿ‡Y D¤§vnvZzj †gvwgwb‡bi Ae`vb :
GKwU mgxÿvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. Gm. Gg AvãyQ Qvjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b Zv‡niv
AviRy Lvb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK
Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q mgKvjxb mgv‡R bvix‡ì Ae¯’v eY©bvq Avie mgvR, Bqvû`x, wLª÷vb, wn›`y,
†e․×, MÖxK, †ivgvb, •Pb mf¨Zv I nvgyivfx mf¨Zvq bvix‡ì Ae¯’v‡bi g~j¨vqb Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| G
Qvov Bmjvg c~e©hy‡M weevn c×wZ Ges wewfbœ a‡g© weevn, Bmjv‡g bvixi gh©v`v I AwaKvi cÖm‡½
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q D¤§vnvZzj gyÕwgwb‡bi msL¨v I eûweev‡ni Zvrch© cÖm‡½ D¤§vnvZzj
gywgbxbM‡Yi cwiPq, msL¨v, gnvbex (mv.) Gi eûweev‡ni 7wU KviY I Zvrch© e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov
cÖvP¨we`‡ì Awf‡hv‡Mi `vZfv½v Reve cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q; hviv wcÖqbexi eûweevn wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡Zb|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxb Rxeb cwiµgv cÖm‡½ D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxbM‡Yi cwiPq, ivm~j (mv.) Gi
wcÖqZgv 11Rb mnag©xbxi Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bmjvg cÖPv‡i D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxb‡ì
Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msiÿ‡Y Zv‡ì Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvq cÖ _‡g
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, DrcwË, msiÿY BZ¨vwì BwZnvm cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov nv`xm msiÿ‡Y
D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxb‡ì Ae`vb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q nhiZ Avqkv wmÏxKv (ivwh.) †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Ab¨vb¨
mKj D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxb‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm msL¨v D`vniYmn Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : wnRix PZy_© I cÂg kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi cÖK…wZ I aviv : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv: Ggivb †nv‡mb
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gv: wbRvg DÏxb, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Aviex wefvM, ivwe|
w_wmm bs : wW-2700
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒwnRix PZz_© I cÂg kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi cÖK…wZ I aviv : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gv: wbRvg DÏxb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv. Ggivb
†nv‡mb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi DrcwË I weKvk avivq wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx ch©šÍ BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wnRix PZz_© kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©vi `ywU c×wZi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †g․wLK mb`wfwËK
eY©bvi aviv I MÖš’ cÖYqb welqK mgxÿv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q wnRix PZz_© kZvãxi
nv`xm wekviè„‡›ì g‡a¨ cÖwm× Bgvg Zvnvfx, Beb wneŸvb, Zveivbx, `vivKzZbx, Avj-nvKxg wbkvcyix
cÖg~L‡ì Rxebx I nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Ae`vb Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q wnRix cÂg kZvãx‡Z
nv`xm PP©vi avivq Bgvg evqnvKx, LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, Beb Avwãj evi, Beb gvKûj, Avj-ûgvq`x, Avj-
gvK`vmx, Avj-evMvfx cÖgy‡Li Rxebx I Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
1. Òivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi LyZevnmg~n: GKwU mgxÿvÓ wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU wcGBP.wW. w_wmm ivwe †K›`ªxq
jvB‡eªwi‡Z ZvwjKvf~³ n‡jI Zvi Kwc Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
334
3. PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq; BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : wmnvn wmËvi gvbnvR : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` gvbRyiæi ingvb, cÖfvlK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Pwe|
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK G. Gd. Gg. Avgxbyj nK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Pwe|
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : Òwmnvn wmËvi gvbnvR: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU
Aa¨vcK G. Gd. Gg. Avgxbyj nK Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` gvbRyiæi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm cwiwPwZ cÖm‡½ nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Gi cÖPvi I cÖmvi Ges DrcwË I µgweKvk eY©bvq ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi hyM I cieZx© mvnvex-
Zvex hy‡M nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q gvbnvR I wmnvn wmËvn Gi cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wmnvn wmËvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ cÖwm× nv`xmMÖš’mg~‡ni eY©bv I Bjgy Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`xj
cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Avm-wmnvûm wmËvn cÖ‡YZv‡ì cwiwPZ eY©bvq Bgvg eyLvix, gymwjg,
bvmvC, wZiwghx, Avey`vD` I Beb gvRvn (in.) Gi Rxebe„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
msMÖn I msKj‡b Avm-wmnvûm wmËvn Gi gvbnvR eY©bvq DwjøwLZ QqRb Bgv‡gi wbR¯^ D™¢vweZ I M„nxZ
c×wZ; hv Zv‡ì ¯^ ¯^ nv`xm MÖ‡š’ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv.) I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Av. g. KvRx gynv¤§` nviæb Di ikx`
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK G. Gd. Gg. Avgxbyj nK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Pwe
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒnhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv) I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K
wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK G. Gd. Gg. Avgxbyj
nK Gi ZË¡veav‡b Rbve Av. g. KvRx gynv¤§` nviæb Di ikx` KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| M‡elK
Awfm›`f©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm K‡ib| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv) Gi Rxebx m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv) Gi PwiÎ I ¸Yvejx we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡m nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv) Gi Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_©
Aa¨v‡q Avey ûivqiv Gi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ wewfbœ Awf‡hvM I we‡kølYvË¡K DËi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg
Aa¨v‡q Zvui KwZcq nv`xm D`vniY wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Ges lô Aa¨v‡q gywgb Kwe‡ì KweZvq Avey
ûivqiv (iv) Ae¯’vb Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`x‡mi weï×Zv I `~e©jZv wbiƒc‡Y kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx
(in.) Gi Abym„Z bxwZ: ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : b~i †gvnv¤§`
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Avng` Avjx, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Pwe|
w_wmm bs : ------
335
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ònv`x‡mi weï×Zv I `~e©jZv wbiƒc‡Y kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx

(in.) Gi Abym„Z bxwZ: ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©wU PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. Avng` Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b Rbve b~i †gvnv¤§` KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| M‡elK
Awfm›`f©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm K‡ib| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.) Gi eY©vX¨
Rxeb I Kg© wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| whwb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv QvovB GKRb `„p‡PZv Aaëmvqx
¯^wkwÿZ kvqL| Zvi wbijm cwikÖg Avi Aaëmvq Zv‡K K‡i‡Q hyM‡kÖô nv`xm‡eËv| Zvi †jLv MÖš’ivwRi
g‡a¨ K. wmjwmjvZz Avnv`xmxm mnxnvn I L. wmjwmjvZz Avnv`xmx` `qxdvn MÖš’`q¦ Zv‡K K‡i‡Q
wek¦e‡iY¨| G QvovI Zvi iwPZ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’gvjv wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q G w_wm‡mi wØZxq Aa¨vqwU| Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q hy‡M hy‡M nv`x‡mi weï×Zv I `ye©jZv wbiƒc‡Y D¤§‡Zi f~wgKv wk‡ivbv‡g Zvi c~e©eZx© nv`xm
wekvi`M‡Yi nv`x‡mi weï×Zv I `~e©jZv wbiƒc‡Y Ae`v‡bi we¯Íi eY©bv G‡m‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi
weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y kvqL Avjevbx (in.) Gi Abym„Z bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi `~e©jZv
wbiƒc‡Y kvqL Avjevbx (in.) Gi Abym„Z bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv wk‡ivbv‡g kvqL Avjevbx (in.) Gi Abym„Z
bxwZgvjvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Aviex wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvk
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn (Avnmvb mvB‡q`)
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi †gvnv¤§` ikx`, Aviex wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq|
wWwMÖi bvg : wcGBP.wW.
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi wcGBP.wW. M‡elK W. Avnmvb
mvB‡q` iwPZ Òevsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©v: DrcwË I µgweKvkÓ wk‡ivbv‡g 2000 mv‡j wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf
K‡ib| AZtci 2006 mv‡j M‡elYvKg©wU G¨vWY© cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nq| M‡elK Zvi
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msKj‡bi mswÿß BwZnvm;
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg I nv`xm wkÿvi m~Pbv; Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½
evsjv‡`‡ki Avwjqv-71wU, KvIgx-51wU I wek¦we`¨vjq-6wU; †gvU 128wU cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPq; PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki gynvwÏm wk‡ivbv‡g 240 Rb gynvwÏ‡mi mswÿß cwiwPwZ Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k
cÖKvwkZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i Av‡jvPbvq wewfbœ fvlvi 154wU nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cwiwPwZ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨,
M‡elK Zvi w_wm‡mi f~wgKvq evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I Avwjg‡ì Ae`v‡bi h_vh_ g~j¨vqb KivB
Zvi G M‡elYvi g~j cÖwZcv`¨ e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg gymwjg (in.): Rxeb I Kg©
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvjxg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§` ikx`, Aviex wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq|
wWwMÖi bvg : wcGBP.wW.
w_wmm bs : ------
336
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒBgvg gymwjg (in) : Rxeb I Kg©Ó kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU

PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. †gvnv¤§` ikx` Gi ZË¡veav‡b Rbve †gvnv¤§` Avãyj
nvjxg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| 2010 mv‡j wcGBP.wW wWwMÖ jvf Kivi ci 2012 mv‡j ÔAvj-Bgvg
gymwjg (in) dvD‡ÛkbÕ nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg, Gi cÖKvkbv wefvM †_‡K Awfm›`f©wU MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ nq|
M‡elK Zvi G Awfm›`f©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨vm K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi
Rxeb PwiZ cÖm‡½ Zvi Rb¥, evj¨Kvj, cvwievwiKRxeb, ÁvbvR©b, nv`xm A‡š^l‡Y †`k ågb, Kg©Rxeb,
Abym„Z gvhnve, PvwiwÎK I gvbweK ¸Yvejx BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg
gymwjg (in.) Gi wkÿKe„›`, mgKvjxb gbxlx I Zvui QvÎe„›` cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvq Zvi wkÿKe„‡›ì msL¨v
212 wKsev 220 R‡bi eY©bv _vK‡jI M‡elK 219 R‡bi ZvwjKv D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| G Qvov Zvi mgKvjxb
gbxlxe„‡›ì g‡a¨ Bgvg Avãyjøvn K¡vÕbex, BqvnBqv Beb BqvnBqv, Avng` Beb nv¤^j, `v‡igx, eyLvix, Avey
hyiAvnÔ Beb gvRvn, Avey `vD`, wZiwghx, bvmvC cÖgy‡Li Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨
39 Rb wk‡lï ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm cwiwPwZ, msKjb I msiÿ‡Yi mswÿß
BwZnvm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msMÖn I msKj‡b Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Zvi
iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni ch©v‡jvPbvq gyw`ªZMÖš’ 7wU, Agyw`ªZ 23wU cvÐzwjwci ZvwjKv wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
cÂg Aa¨v‡q ÒAvj-RvwgÕ Avm-mnxn gymwjgÓ GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡kølY cÖm‡½ mnxn gymwjg cwiwPwZ,
msKj‡bi ¯’vb I mgqKvj, msKjb c×wZ cÖYq‡bi kZ©vejx, Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg I web¨vm, nv`xm msL¨v,
mb`-gZb, Ges †h 213 Rb mvnvex †_‡K ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn gymwj‡g ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q Zv‡ì ZvwjKv, BZ¨vw`
wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q: Bgvg gymwj‡gi mgKvjxb cwi‡ek Z_v ivR‣bwZK,
ag©xq I mvs¯‥…wZK cwi‡ek cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G w_wm‡mi cwiwk‡ó Bgvg gymwj‡gi iwPZ †hmKj
MÖš’vewj wewfbœ †`k †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi w¯’iwP‡Îi Askwe‡kl D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avey AvBqye Avj-Avbmvix (iv.) : nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` †mvjvBgvb Kv‡mgx
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Av. g KvRx gynv¤§` nviæb Di ikx`, Aviex wefvM, Pwe|
w_wmm bs : ------
ch©v‡jvPbv : Avey AvBqye Avj-Avbmvix (iv.) : nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb kxl©K Gg.wdj
Awfm›`f©wU PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi cÖ‡dmi W. Av. g KvRx gynv¤§` nviæb Di ikx` Gi
ZË¡veav‡b Rbve gynv¤§` †mvjvBgvb Kv‡mgx KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| DwjøwLZ Awfm›`f©‡K cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q
web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q g`xbv kix‡di ZrKvjxb ¯’vb, Kvj I mgv‡Ri eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q
61 c„ôv Ry‡o| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nhiZ Avey AvBqye Avj-Avbmvix (iv.) Rxebx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q
84 c„ôv ch©šÍ| Z…Zxq Aa¨vq Zuvi PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q 100 c„ôv ch©šÍ| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
Bjwg nv`x‡m nhiZ Avey AvBqye Avj-Avbmvix (iv.) Gi Ae`vb D‡jøL cÖm‡½ nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm,
Zvi ewY©Z 150wU gZvšÍ‡i 210wU nv`xm Ges Zvui †_‡K hviv nv`xm wk‡L‡Qb Ges nv`xm msMÖ‡n Zvi
mdi wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Zvui ewY©Z wKQz nv`xm Z_v Bw¯ÍÄvq emvi wbqg, †Mvm‡ji
c×wZ, g`xbvi gh©v`v, ZvIevi dhxjZ, gymwjg‡ì cv¯úwiK AvPiY BZ¨vw` wel‡qi nv`xm e½vbyev`mn
D‡jøL K‡i wKQz wKQz e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
337
4. Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq; Avj-KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbx : Bj‡g nvw`‡m Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§v` wLwRi Avng` Rvdix
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. dviæK Avng`, Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bwe,
Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 77799
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔkvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbx : Bj‡g nvw`‡m Zvui Ae`vbÕ
kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. dviæK Avng‡ì ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§v` wLwRi Avng` Rvdix KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| M‡elK cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q GwU web¨vm K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv Rvdi
Avng` Dmgvbx Gi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK (1757-1947), mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿveë¯’vi ev¯ÍweK wPÎ
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbxi (in.) Rxebx, iPbvejx I Zvi Kg©Rxeb m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| M‡elK Z„Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xmkv¯¿ M‡elYvq Avjøvgv Rvdi Avng` Dmgvbxi wPšÍvaviv
I Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© wZbwU cwi‡”Q‡` we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| G Aa¨v‡q cÖ_gZ: MZvbyMwZK Bjwg
nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm eY©bvi K‡i‡Qb| AZtci gvIjvbv Dmgvbxi nv`xm MÖš’ iPbvi cÖavb wZbwU
D‡Ïk¨ 1. Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) nv`x‡mi `jxj MÖnY K‡ibwb; eis Zvi gvhnve wbR¯^ gZvgZ I
wKqv‡mi Dci cÖwZwôZ, Zv LÐ b Kiv| 2. Zvi weiæ‡× DÌvwcZ Awf‡hvM, wZwb ivq I wKqvm Øviv nv`xm
eR©b K‡i‡Qb; Gi h‡_vchy³ Reve †Ìqv| 3. Zvi gvhnv‡ei `jxj wn‡m‡e eëüZ nv`xm¸‡jv LyeB
`~e©j; G Acev` LÐ b Kiv| wZwb Zvi G MÖ‡š’ †h ev¯Íe I cÖwZwÿZ cÖgvYwfwËK DËi w`‡q‡Qb †m m¤ú‡K©
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci: Zuvi wek¦weL¨vZ ÒBÔjvDm mybvbÓ MÖš’ hv wek L‡Ð iwPZ, Zb¥‡a¨
cÖ_g `yB LÐ MÖ‡š’i f~wgKv| G‡Z Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi g~jbxwZ I Dm~jj wdK‡ni g~jbxwZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
AZtci D³ MÖ‡š’i welqe¯‘ Z_v nvbvdx gvhnve‡K mycÖwZwôZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î Zvi Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †k‡l Zvi nv`xm e¨vL¨vKiY c×wZ I •ewkó¨ Ges wewfbœ gbxlx‡ì `„wó‡Z G MÖ‡š’i g~j¨vqY
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡ I ivRbxwZwe` wn‡m‡e Dmgvbxi Ae`vb Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ cvwK¯Ívb Av‡›`vjb, HwZnvwmK wmgjv Kbdv‡iÝ, wm‡jU †idv‡iÛg, KjKvZv I
†ckIqv‡ii gnvm‡¤§j‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq cZvKv D‡Ëvj‡b Avjøvgv Dmgvwbi Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q|
me©‡kl cÂg Aa¨v‡q Zvui mgKvjxb gynvwÏme„‡›ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv Bw`ªm Kv›`vjfx, gvIjvbv Bwjqvm
Kv›`vjfx, gydZx kdx, kvqLyj nv`xm BDmyd evbœ~ix, gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dix`cyix I gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§`
Djøvn nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) cÖgy‡Li Ae`vb D‡jøL K‡i Zvui Ae¯’v‡bi g~j¨vqY Kivi cÖqvm Pvj‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bjgyi wiRv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Avwjg m¤úª`v‡qi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : Aveyj †nvmvBb †gvt byiæj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 77515
338
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBjgyi wiRv‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki Avwjg m¤úª`v‡qi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K

Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjv‡gi ZË¡veav‡b Aveyj †nvmvBb †gvt byiæj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bjgyi wiRv‡ji cwiwPwZ, ¸iæZ¡,
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, ivex‡ì ¯Íi wfwËK MÖš’vejx I mvnvex‡ì RxebPwiZ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| wØZxq
Aa¨v‡q fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`x‡mi AvMgb I we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q
Bjgyi wiRvj I fviZxq SvV DcRvwZ‡ì wewkó nv`xm eY©bvKvix Ges fviZxq hy×ew›`‡ì eskai‡ì
g‡a¨ wewkó gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mgv‡jvwPZ ivex welqK MÖš’vejx
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb: Kvbhyj gvIhyÔAvZ Iqvh hyqvdv I wKZeyh hyÔAvdv Iqvj gvZiƒKxb
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mvaviY gynvwÏm I ivex‡ì Dci iwPZ MÖš’vejx †hgb: ey¯Ívbyj gynvwÏmxb,
AvmgvDi wiRvj BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bj‡g nvw`‡m Avjøvgv Bìxm Kv›`jfx-Gi Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv¤§v` Avkivd Avjx Rvdix
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : Ryb-2013
w_wmm bs : 85198
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBj‡g nvw`‡m Avjøvgv Bìxm Kv›`jfx-Gi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§v` Avkivd Avjx Rvdix KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv Kv›`jfxi mswÿß Rxeb Z_v evj¨Kvj †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i Kg©gq Rxeb, Aa¨vcbv, mgvR ms¯‥vi, Zvi iPbvejx, Ava¨vwZ¥KZv I ZixKv PP©v, mšÍvb, QvÎ I
wkÿKe„›` BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv Kv›`jfxi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv
Kv›`jfxi c~e©ch©šÍ nv`xm kv‡¯¿i µgweKvk m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G‡Z nv`xm msKj‡bi mswÿß
BwZnvm, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`x‡mi cÖeZ©b, µgweKvk I DrK‡l©i GKwU avivevwnK
ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK we‡køl‡Yi cvkvcvwk kxl©¯’vbxq nv`xmwekvi`‡ì Rxeb I Kg© Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_©
Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv Kv›`jfxi nv`xmkv¯¿ weKv‡k Ae`vb, Zvui nv`xm e¨vL¨vi c×wZ I •ewkó¨ m¤ú‡K©
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl cÂg Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv Kv›`jfxi mgmvgwqK gbxlxe„‡›ì
Rxeb I Kg© Zz‡jaivi gva¨‡g nv`xmwe` wn‡m‡e Zvui D”P gh©v`v I †kªôZ¡ cÖgv‡Yi †Póv Pjv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bjgyj nvw`‡m cÖwm× Qq Bgv‡gi BRwZnv` : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv

M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` KvdxjyÏxb miKvi
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx, Avj-nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖcÖvwßi mb : GwcÖj-2016
w_wmm bs : 95932
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBjgyj nvw`‡m cÖwm× Qq Bgv‡gi BRwZnv` : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` KvdxjyÏxb miKvi KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q cÖwm× Qq Bgvg Z_v Bgvg eyLvix, Bgvg gymwjg, Bgvg
wZiwghx, Bgvg bvmvC, Bgvg Avey `vD` I Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) Gi Kg©gq Rxe‡bi LywUbvwU mKjw`K
I Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvcÖkvLvq we‡klZ Bjwg nv`x‡m Zv‡ì Ae`vb cÖm‡½ we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e
339
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q M‡elK wmnvn wmËvn MÖš’mg~‡ni cwiwPwZ I Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv
cÖm‡½ cÖ_‡gB wmnvËv k‡ãi we‡kølY I bvgKi‡Yi mv_©KZv wePvi cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| AZtci
•ewkóejxi Av‡jv‡K wmnvwmËvn MÖš’mg~‡ni cvi¯úvwiK Ae¯’vb Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gic‡i Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q
AcÖvmw½K KZ¸‡jv wel‡qi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hgb: nv`x‡mi msÁv, msKj‡bi BwZnvm, Dcgnv‡`k
I evsjv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi gynvwÏme„›` hviv Bjwg nv`x‡mi wL`gZ K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì we¯ÍvwiZ Ae`vb BZ¨vw` hv
g~j wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi `~iZg m¤úK©I Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q BRwZnv‡ì msÁv,
cÖKvi‡f`, ûKzg, ¸iæZ¡-Zvrch©, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, bex (mv.), mvnvev I ZvÔweC hy‡Mi BRwZnv` BZ¨vw` Zz‡j
aiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q wmnvwmËvi Qq Bgv‡gi ¯^ ¯^ BRwZnv` I cvi¯úwiK Zyjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q DwjøwLZ Qq Bgv‡gi BRwZnv`‡KB wdKn wn‡m‡e Avjv`v K‡i wdKn PP©vq Qq
Bgv‡gi f‚wgKv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK ÔM‡elYv c×wZÕ wk‡ivbv‡g mswÿß eY©bvq e‡j‡Qb, wZwb wbR¯^
AwfÁZv‡jv‡K D™¢vweZ c×wZ‡Z Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb D‡jøL K‡ibwb, Kx Zvi D™¢vweZ †m
M‡elYv c×wZ| ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q, Zvi w_wm‡m mywbw`©ó †Kvb c×wZ Abym„Z nqwb; wKš‘ ¸YvZ¡K ai‡bi
wKQzUv Qvc cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
4. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avjøvgv kvIKvbx (i.) I Bj‡g nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt AvKZvi †nv‡mb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt iæûj Avwgb, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : wW‡m¤î-2007
w_wmm bs : 77579
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔAvjøvgv kvIKvbx (i.) I Bj‡g nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vbÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt iæûj Avwg‡bi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt AvKZvi †nv‡mb KZ©„K iwPZ wc GBP. wW.
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q wef³| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv kvIKvbxi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv
kvIKvbxi Rb¥, wkÿv, wkÿK-QvÎe„›`, Zvi ¸Yvejx, †hvM¨Zv I gvhnve m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q Zvi hy‡M Bjwg nv`xm Z_v wmnvwmËvi Dci e¨vL¨v MÖš’ mg~n, gyAvËv gv‡jK (in.) Gi fvl¨, ki‡n
gymbv‡` Avwe nvwbdv, gvIhy nv`xmMÖš’ I gvhnve wfwËK Bmbv` BZ¨vw` Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
Ávb weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq Z_v Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn, AvKvC`, ZvmvIDd I dvivwqR wel‡q Zvui
Ae`vb Zy‡j aiv nq| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mvnvex I ZvweÔC hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q; hv M‡elYvi g~j wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ wbZvšÍB AcÖvmw½K| AZtci
Avjøvgv kvIKvbxi Bjwg nv`x‡m Ae`vb Zz‡jaiv nq| Zuvi iPbvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q, wZwb Beb
ZvBwgqv iwPZ ÔAvj gybZvKv wgb AvLevwij gy ¯ÍdvÕ MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z weavb msµvšÍ nv`x‡mi weL¨vZ e¨vL¨v MÖš’
Ôbvqjyj AvIZviÕ, Bebyj RvIhx iwPZ ÔBÏvZzg wgb wnmwbj nvmxbÕ Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ ÔZzndvZzh hvwKixbÕ
iPbv K‡ib| G QvovI wdK‡ni avivevwnKZvq nv`xm msKjb, AvnKvg msµvšÍ nv`xm msKjb, nv`x‡mi
m~Î D‡jøL, mb`wePvi, ûKzg eY©bv, ivex‡ì mswÿß cwiwPwZ eY©bv, nv`xm wfwËK wdKnx gvmÕAvjv D™¢ve‡b
Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q Zvi nv`xm wkÿv`vb I msiÿY, mb`
msiÿY, `~e©j ivex‡ì nv`xm eY©bv cÖZ¨vL¨vb, wg_¨vev`x Iqv‡qwRb‡ì eY©bv cwiZ¨vM, gIhy nv`x‡mi
msKjb cÖYqb I wba©vi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Gi KviY eY©bv KiY, nv`xm RvjKvix‡ì Ges Zv‡ì cvÐzwjwci cwiPq
†ck, Zvui ÒAvj-dvIqv‡q` Avj-gvRgyAvÔÓ MÖ‡š’ 45wU gIhy nv`xm cÖgvY KiY BZ¨vw`‡K ÔgIhy nv`xm
cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zvi Ae`vbÕ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|
340
5. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : mnxn Avj-eyLvixi e¨vL¨vMÖš’mg~n : •ewkó¨ I g~j¨vqb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt Avey Zv‡ni
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` gyRvw¤§j Avjx, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 86241
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixi e¨vL¨vMÖš’mg~n : •ewkó¨ I g~j¨vqbÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` gyRvw¤§j Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt Avey Zv‡ni KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvixi Rxeb cwiµgv I Zvui mgKvjxb
ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
nv`xm PP©vq Bgvg eyLvixi (in.) Ae`vb Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mnxûj eyLvixi fvl¨mg~‡ni
•ewkó¨, aib I cÖK…wZ BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mnxûj eyLvixi fvl¨mg~‡ni Zzjbvg~jK
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mnxûj eyLvix †evaMg¨ Ki‡Y Beby nvRvi AvmKvjvbx iwPZ
ÒdvZûj evixÓ I AvBbx cÖYxZ ÒDg`vZzj KvixÓ Ae`vb cÖm‡½ MÖš’Ø‡qi iPbv c×wZ I •ewkó¨vejx
6. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx : Bjgyj nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt wgRvbyi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` gyRvw¤§j Avjx, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 85229
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔRvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx: Bjgyj nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` gyRvw¤§j Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx (in.) Gi Rxebx m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg m~qyZxi mgq Kv‡j wgm‡ii mvgvwRK Ae¯’v, ivR‣bwZK Ae¯’v,
wkÿv-ms¯‥…wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui wewfbœ †`‡k wkÿvmdi I ÁvbweÁv‡b ey¨rcwË
jvf, BRwZnv`, cÖÁv Ges Zvui wkÿK-QvÎe„‡›ì Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q M‡elK `vex
K‡i‡Qb, wewfbœ wel‡q Zvui iwPZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 561wU gZvšÍ‡i 451wU wfbœg‡Z 300wUi eY©bv cvIqv hvq;
Zb¥‡a¨ 118wU Bjwg nv`xm m¤úwK©Z MÖš’| Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq Zvui Ae`vb we‡klZ nv`xm m¤úwK©Z
MÖ‡š’i we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q G Aa¨v‡q| me©‡k‡l cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡, DrcwË,
µgweKvk, msKj‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q AcÖvmvw½K KZ¸‡jv wel‡qi AeZviYv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv
wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ †gv‡UB mvgÄm¨cyY© bq|
7. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bjgyj nv`x‡m I Bjgy gy¯Ívjvwnj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk : GKwU
we‡kølY
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gyn¤§` AwjDjøvn&
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Av. L. g Iqvjx Djøvn&, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : b‡f¤î -2009
w_wmm bs : 78740
341
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBjgyj nv`x‡m I Bjgy gy¯Ívjvwnj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk :

GKwU we‡kølYÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. Av.L.g Iqvjx Djøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` AwjDjøvn KZ©„K
iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, Bjgyj nv`xm I gymZvjvûj nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKvk, Gi cÖv_wgK hyM I ¯^Zš¿ ¨ MÖš’ iPbvi
hyM BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj nv`xm I gymZvjvûj nv`xm PP©v
wk‡ivbv‡g wZbwU cwi‡”Q‡ì cÖ_gwU‡Z cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏmM‡Yi mswÿß Rxebx, Bjgyj nv`xm I gymZvjvûj
nv`xm welqK cÖYxZ cÖwm× MÖš’vewj ch©v‡jvPbv, nv`xm kv‡¯¿ eëüZ cwifvlv mg~ni Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb
†c‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv Z_v Bjgy Mixwej nv`xm, Bjvwjj nv`xm,
bvwmwLj nv`xm Iqv gvbmywLwn, gyLZvjvwdj nv`xm, AvZivwdj nv`xm, ZvLwiwRj nv`xm, Rvivnv IqvZ
ZvÔ`xj, wiRvjyj nv`xm, gvIRyqvZzj nv`xm cÖm‡½ we¯ÍwiZ Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q fviZxq
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`xm I gymZvjvûj nv`xm PP©vi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ fviZxq I evsjv‡`kx nv`xmwe`MY
I Zuv‡ì iwPZ MÖš’vejxi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Aviex Kv‡e¨ gymZvjvûj nv`xm PP©vq
gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
8. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq dzidzivcš’x AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb : cwi‡cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`k

M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : Ryb-2012
w_wmm bs : 92580
ch©v‡jvPbv : nv`xm PP©vq dzidzivcš’x AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb : cwi‡cÖwÿZ evsjv‡`kÕ
kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb KZ©„K iwPZ wcGBP.wW.
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q wef³| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q dzidyivi cwiPq I cÖmw½Zv cÖm‡½
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k nv`x‡mi AvMgb I weKvk Ges Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q dyidzivcwš’
AvwjgM‡Yi gvIjvbv iƒûj Avgxb ewkinvUx, Avãyj nvB wmÏxKx, gvIjvbv †bQvi DwÏb Avng`, W. gynv¤§`
kwn`yjøvn, gvIjvbv g‡qR DwÏb nvwg`x, gvIjvbv AvwRgyÏxb Avng`, gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb nvbvdx (in.)
cÖg~‡Li cwiPq Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k dyidzivcwš’ AvwjgMY KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ cÖwZôvb Z_v
gmwR`-gKZe, Avwjqv-KIgx gvìvmv I LvbKvi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi Ae`vb D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡el‡Ki
`vex- dzidzivi cxi nhiZ Avey eKi wmwÏK (in.) Gi cÖZ¨ÿ-c‡ivÿ cÖ‡Póvq e½‡`‡ki wewfbœ AÂ‡j cÖvq
800 gvìvmv, 1100 gmwR` cÖwZwôZ nq| cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k dyidzivcwš’ AvwjgMY KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ
wewfbœ msMVb Z_v AvÄygvb-B-B‡ËdvK Bmjvg (1906), AvÄygvb-B-Iqv‡qwRb (1911), AvÄygvb -B-
IjvgvB ev½vjv (1913-1919), RwgqZ-G-Djvgv G ev½vjv I Avmvg (1920-1943), wek¦ Bmjvg wgkb
(1963), AvÄygvb-B-GkvAv‡Z Bmjvg (1923) I (QviQxbvq) RwgÔAv‡Z wnReyjøvn (1943) cÖwZôvi
gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vq Ae`v‡bi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q dyidzivcwš’ AvwjgM‡Yi Bjwg nv`x‡mi
†g․wjK I Abyev` MÖš’ iPbv I msev`c‡Îi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb cÖm‡½ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
9. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : e„nËi Kzwgjøv †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvn¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : ‡m‡Þ¤î-2009
w_wmm bs : 78741
342
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôe„nËi Kzwgjøv †Rjvq nv`xm PP©vÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. †gvt
†mKv›`vi Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` Aveyj Kv‡kg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU
Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq
Aa¨v‡q cvm-fvi‡Z nv`x‡mi AvMg‡bi BwZnvm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Kzwgjøv †Rjvi cwiPq I
nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq Kzwgjøv †Rjvi gmwR`-gvìvmvi f~wgKv
wk‡ivbv‡g 4wU gmwR`, 5wU Avwjqv I 5wU KIgx gvìvmvi eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Kzwgjøv
†Rjvq nv`xm PP©vq Kzwgjøv¯’ AZxZ-eZ©gvb AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb I GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q
Kzwgjøv †Rjvq nv`xm PP©vq ewn‡R©jv †_‡K AvMZ AvwjgM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv AvZnvi Avjx, gvIjvbv Avey
mv‡jn, gvIjvbv Avgxbyjøvn, gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Djøvn nv‡d¾x (in.)
cÖgy‡Li Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Bj‡g nv`xm PP©v (1971-2009) :
mgm¨v I mgvavb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt iæûj Avgxb Lvb
ZË¡veavqK : W. Av. n. g. byiæj Bmjvg, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 85211
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôevsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Bj‡g nv`xm PP©v (1971-2009) : mgm¨v
I mgvavbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W.Av.n.g. byiæj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt iæûj Avgxb Lvb KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU QqwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, msKj‡bi BwZnvm I cÖKvi‡f` BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q gvìvmv
wkÿveë¯’vi BwZnvm, ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvi Ae`vb, gvìvmv wkÿvKwgk‡bi
bxwZgvjv ch©v‡jvPbv, Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvi mgm¨vejx BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gynvwÏme„‡›ì Ae`vb I wek¦gv‡bi nv`xm PP©vq AvaywbK c×wZmg~n
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vq Avwjqv avivq `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj
ch©vq Ges KIgx avivq wgkKvZ †_‡K `vIiv nv`xm ch©vq nv`xm PP©v c×wZ ms‡ÿ‡c Zy‡jaiv n‡q‡Q|
cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vi mgm¨v, ÎæwP-wePz¨wZ, wm‡jevm, wkÿK-
wkÿv_x© I cixÿvc×wZMZ mgm¨v wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`k gvìvmv
wkÿv eë¯’v cÖavbZ: `ywU aviv Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvq nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vi mgm¨v, ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ, wm‡jevm,
wkÿK-wkÿv_x© I cixÿv MÖn‡Yi c×wZMZ mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© mycvwikgvjv Dc¯’vcb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
11. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx : Bj‡g nv`x‡Q Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gv. wgRvbyi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. Av.L.g. Iqvjx Djøvn, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : ‡g-2007
w_wmm bs : 77159
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔkvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx : Bj‡g nv`x‡Q Zvui Ae`vb kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
W. Av. L. g. Iqvjx Djøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gv. wgRvbyi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ wcGBP.wW. M‡elYvKg©| G
343
M‡elYvKg©wU mvZwU Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z 550 c„ôvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q | cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avjevbx (in.)
Gi mgKvjxb Ae¯’vi eY©bv| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q kvqL Avjevbx (in.) Gi Rxeb e„ËvšÍ| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mb‡ì
gvbvbymv‡i nv`xm msKjb I wbN©›U •Zix‡Z kvqL Avjevbxi Ae`vb Ges PZz_© Aa¨v‡q cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni
gvbvbymv‡i wefvRb Z_v mybvb AvievÔ, RvwgÔmMxi, ZviMxe-Zvinxe MÖ‡š’i nv`xmmg~n †_‡K mnxn I `Cd
nv`xmmg~n gvbvbymv‡i wefvRb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q eûj cÖPwjZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni
nv`xm wfwËK ZvLwiR I ZvÔwjK ms‡hvR‡b kvqL Avjevbxi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q wdKûj
nv`x‡m kvqL Avjevbxi Ae`vb Ges mßg Aa¨v‡q Dm~jyj nv`x‡m kvqL Avjevbxi Ae`vb Z_v c~e©eZx© MÖš’vwì
e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY, wiRvj kv‡¯¿i cwigvR©b, mswÿß wUKv ms‡hvRb, Dm~jyj nv`xm wel‡q c„_K MÖš’ cÖYqb, cÖeÜ
iPbv, nv`xm MÖnY I eR©b bxwZgvjv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 `vIqvn& GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : DgvBqv hy‡M nv`xm PP©v
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Aveyj Kvjvg cvUIqvix, `vIqvn& GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 77804
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÒDgvBqv hy‡M nv`xm PP©v Ó kxl©K wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt
Aveyj Kvjvg cvUIqvix Gi ZË¡veav‡b ‡gvt †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU
PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK Awfm›`‡f©i cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm cwiwPwZ cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
wM‡q nv`x‡mi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, cwifvlv, ¸iæZ¡-Zvrch© Ges Gi DrcwË-µgweKv‡ki mswÿß BwZe„‡Ëi
we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ivm~j (mv.) I Lyjvdv ivwk`xb hy‡M nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q DgvBqv hy‡M nv`xm PP©vi GKwU mgxÿv Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b DgvBqv hy‡Mi
mvgvwRK, ivR‣bwZK I agx©q Ae¯’vi mswÿß ch©v‡jvPbv eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov G hy‡M nv`xm PP©vi 10wU
†K‡›`ªi (g°v, g`xbv, wmwiqv, emiv, Kzdv, wgmi BZ¨vw`) eY©bv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q DgvBqv
hy‡Mi wek¦‡miv BgvgM‡Yi nv`xm kv‡¯¿i cVb-cvVb I MÖš’ cÖYqb m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm msKj‡b Avm& mybvb Avj AvievÕAv-Gi BgvgM‡Yi c×wZ
M‡el‡Ki bvg : G. wU. Gg Igi dviæK
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` †mvjvqgvb, `vIqvn GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 85216
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm msKj‡b Avm& mybvb Avj AvievÕAv-Gi BgvgM‡Yi c×wZÕ
kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. gyn¤§` †mvjvqgvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b G.wU.Gg Igi dviæK KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I mybœvn cwiwPwZ,
nv`xm I mybœvn Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Ges wØZxq Aa¨v‡q mybvb AvievÔ, RvwgÔ Ges gymbv` m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg bvmvC, Avey `vD`, wZiwghx I Beb gvRvn (in.) Gi Rxeb-
Kg© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Avm& mybvb Avj AvievÕAv Gi iPbv •kjx Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q
mybvby bvmvC I mybvby Avex `vD` Gi msKjb c×wZ I Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
344
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`xm PP©vq I Bmjvgx wkÿv m¤úªmvi‡Y `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe›`-Gi f~wgKv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt †njvj DwÏb
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. G. †K. Gg. byiæj Avjg, `vÔIqvn GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefvM, Bwe, Kzwóqv|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : †g-2007
w_wmm bs : 77204
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôevsjv‡`‡k Bjgyj nv`xm PP©vq I Bmjvgx wkÿv m¤úªmvi‡Y `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe›`Õ Gi f~wgKv kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. G. †K. Gg. byiæj Avjg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt †njvj
DwÏb KZ©„K iwPZ wcGBP.wW. M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q wef³| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q
Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb cÖm‡½; wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bmjvgx wkÿv m¤úªmvi‡Y `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì
f~wgKv; Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì cvV¨m~wP (ì‡m †bRvgx) cÖm‡½; PZz_© Aa¨v‡q `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe›` cÖwZôvi •bwZK wfwË I cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡k †Ìe›`cš’x Ijvgv‡ì Rxeb I Kg© wel‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ M‡elYvi K‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K n‡”Q, K. 1866 wLª. 30 †g fvi‡Zi
DËi cÖ‡`‡ki mvnivbcyi †Rjvi †Ìe›` bvgK ¯’v‡b HwZnëvnx `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvwU gvIjvbv
†gvnv¤§` Kvwmg bvbyZzexi (in.) (1832-1880) c„ô‡cvlKZvq cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ nq| L. evsjv‡`k
†_‡K †h mKj e¨w³eM© ÁvbvR©‡bi ZvwM‡` `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib I `x‡bi Mfxi ÁvbvR©b †k‡l
†`‡k wd‡i Bmjvgx wkÿv cÖmv‡i we‡kl f‚wgKv cvjb K‡ib Zv‡ì g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g n‡”Qb, gvIjvbv Avãyj
Iqv‡n` ev½vjx (1850-1905 wLª.) Ges M. G Qvov `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k
me©cÖ_g cÖwZwôZ nq gCbyj Bmjvg nvUvRvix (1901 wLª.) gvìvmv Ges Gi avivevwnKZvq m„wó n‡q‡Q
AMwYZ KIgx avivi cÖwZôvb|
 Aviex wefvM
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm wkÿv I m¤úªmvi‡Y gwnjv mvnvex‡ì Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt Avãym mvjvg, cÖ‡dmi I cÖv³b mfvcwZ, Aviex wefvM, Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : gvP©-2001
w_wmm bs : 72044
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm wkÿv I m¤úªmvi‡Y gwnjv mvnvex‡ì Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãym mvjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm cwiwPwZ wØZxq Aa¨v‡q gwnjv mvnvex
cwiwPwZ c‡e© wZbwU welq jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, Bmjvg c~e© hy‡M bvix‡ì Ae¯’v, Bmjv‡g bvix‡ì AwaKvi I
gh©v`v, gwnjv mvnvex‡ì cwiPq I gh©v`v| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q ivm~j (mv.) Ges mvnvevM‡Yi hy‡M nv`xm PP©v,
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm wkÿv I m¤úªmvi‡Y nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.) Gi Ae`vb Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm wkÿv I
m¤úªmvi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ gwnjv mvnvex‡ì Ae`vb cÖm‡½ 61 Rb bvix mvnvex KZ©„K ewY©Z nv`x‡mi eY©bv
345
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : eZ©gvb Av_© mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡miAe`vb : evsjv‡`k

†cÖwÿZ
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt RvwKi ûmvBb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avey eKi wmÏxK, Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM, Bmjvgx
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : A‡±vei-2002
w_wmm bs : 73248
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔeZ©gvb Av_© mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡mi Ae`vb : evsjv‡`k
†cÖwÿZÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt Avey eKi wmÏxK Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt RvwKi ûmvBb KZ©„K iwPZ
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| M‡elK cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Awfm›`‡f©i f‚wgKv
Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb; hwÌ Gi †fZ‡i M‡elYv c×wZ Abym„Z nqwb| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm cwiwPwZ, Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Av_© mvgvwRK mgm¨v I Gi KviY mg~n we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q A_©‣bwZK
mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡mi f‚wgKv| G cÖm‡½ `vwi`ª mgm¨v, †eKviZ¡, RbmsL¨vi mgm¨v, my` mgm¨v, kÖg
mgm¨v BZ¨vw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡b Avj-nv`x‡miAe`vb
cÖm‡½ mgv‡Ri wbiÿiZv, Aciva, `yb©xwZ, gv`Kvmw³, wfÿve„wË-feNy‡i, bvix wbh©vZb, weevn we‡”Q`
BZ¨vw` mgm¨v mgvav‡b nv`x‡mi Ae`vb wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avj nv`x‡m cÖvPxb RvwZ‡Mvwô: Kvwnbx I wkÿv

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt Gbvgyj nK
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †bQvi DwÏb Avng`, Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM, Bmjvgx
w_wmm bs : 85187
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔAvj nv`x‡m cÖvPxb RvwZ‡Mvwô: Kvwnbx I wkÿvÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. †bQvi DwÏb Avng` Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt Gbvgyj nK KZ©„K iwPZ M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU
cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, msKj‡bi
BwZnvm I cÖKvi‡f` BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© wek`fv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kix‡d DwjøwLZ
bexM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z RvwZmg~‡ni Kvwnbxi eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q KziAvb I nv`xm kix‡d
ewY©Z nhiZ Av`g (Av.) †_‡K ïiæ K‡i nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) †gvU 25 Rb bex-ivmy‡ji Rxebx I Zv‡ì
m¤úª`v‡qi NUbv eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kix‡d DwjøwLZ IjxM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Z_v
nhiZ BDkv Beb byb (in.), DRvBi (Av.), jyKgvb (Av.), kvgyCj (Av.), wnRwKj (Av.), `vwbqvj (Av.)
I wLwRi (Av.) Ges Zv‡ì mgmvgwqK RvwZmg~‡ni Kvwnbxi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q KziAvb
I nv`xm kix‡d DwjøwLZ Ggb RvwZ hviv bex-IjxM‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bb †hgb: 1. Avmnveyj Kvnvd, 2.
Avmnveyj DL`y`, 3. KI‡g ZzeŸv, 4. Avmnveyi iwm&m, 5. Avmnveyj AvBKvn, 6. KI‡g mvev Gi RvwZi
cwiPq I Kvwnbx we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q cÖvPxb RvwZmg~‡ni wµqv-Kg© Ges Zv‡ì
Aeva¨Zvi djvdj wn‡m‡e cvw_©e Avhve-Mhe I fqven aŸsmvZ¥K NUbvejx †_‡K wkÿvMÖnY cÖm‡½
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
346
 Avj-KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

Gg.wdj. w_wmm ch©v‡jvPbv
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg Avey hvKvwiqv BqvnBqv Be&b kvivd Avb-bveex Bj‡g nvw`‡m Zvui
Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§v` jyrdzj nvmvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W.G.GBP.Gg Bqvn&Bqvi ingvb, Avj-KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 101650
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBgvg Avey hvKvwiqv BqvnBqv Be&b kvivd Avb-bveex Bj‡g nvw`‡m Zvui
Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W.G.GBP.Gg Bqvn&Bqvi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§v` jyrdzj nvmvb
KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg
beexi (in.) Gi cwiPq cÖm‡½, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg beexi (in.) Gi iPbvejx; Z_v wZwb †h nv`xm
m¤úwK©Z 12 wU Agi MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb Zvi eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bgvg beexi (in.) Gi
Bj‡g nv`x‡m Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Zvui msKwjZ MÖš’ I Dnvi we‡kølY G `ywU wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Zvi
wek¦weL¨vZ wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’Lvbv Ges Avj wgbnvR wd kiwn mnxn gymwjg
nv`xm‡ev×v‡ì Kv‡Q mgv`„Z m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi fvl¨Kvi wn‡m‡e
Bgvg beexi (in.) Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqY Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : KvRx bvmxiæÏxb Avng`
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. dviæK Avng`, Avj-KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, Bmjvgx
wek¦we`¨vjq|
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : ‡deªæqvix-2010
w_wmm bs : 78972
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W. dviæK Avng` Gi ZË¡veav‡b KvRx bvmxiæÏxb Avng` KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q AmvaviY †gavex, RvMÖZ-
Zi½gyLi ¯§„wZkw³, we¯§qKi cÖwZfvai Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi Rxebx; wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
nv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi mgmvgwqK gbxlxe„›`; Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Ávb PP©vq Z_v
nv`xm we‡køl‡Y ZvIqvZz‡i Bmbv`, ZvIqvZz‡i ZvevKvZ, ZvIqvZz‡i Avgj, ZvIqviæm I ZvIqvZz‡i Kvì
gykZvivK cÖf…wZ c×wZi cÖeZ©K Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi Ae`vb; PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
kv‡¯¿ Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi Ae`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î Zvui iwPZ eyLvix kix‡di fvl¨ Ôdqhyj
evixÕ I wZiwghx kix‡di fvl¨ ÔAvj-Avidzk khxÕ, wZiwghxi fvl¨ gvAvwidzm mybvb (BDmyd evbœ~ix
msKwjZ), Avey `vD‡ì fvl¨ AvbIqviæj gvngy`, LvBiæj nvmvb kIK wbf~gx cÖYxZ Avmiviæm mybvb
(wZwb G MÖ‡š’i wUKv mshy³ K‡i m¤úv`bv K‡ib) we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Ab¨vb¨ kv‡¯¿
Z_v Zvdmxi, wdKn, AvKvB`, `k©b, BwZnvm, Kve¨ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Avjøvgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (in.)
Gi Ae`vbÕ AšÍf‚©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G M‡elYvKg©wU ¸YvZ¡K c×wZ Abymi‡Y iwPZ| we‡klZ Av‡bvqvi kvn
Kvk¥xix (in.) Gi nv`xm PPv©q Ae`vb g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î A‡ivnc×wZi Qvc cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q|
347
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq biwms`x †Rjvi gv`ªvmv mg~‡ni Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv¤§` Ave`yj jwZd Lvb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt bvwQi DwÏb wgwS, Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 97335
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm PP©vq biwms`x †Rjvi gv`ªvmv mg~‡ni Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt bvwQi DwÏb wgwS Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj jwZd Lvb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq I e½‡`‡k
nv`x‡mi AvMgb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q biwms`x †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v; G Aa¨v‡q biwms`x
†Rjvi cwiwPwZ I evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g nv`xm PP©vKvix cÖvwZôvwbK kni HwZnvwmK †mvbvi Mvu‡qi mv‡_
†hvMm~Î ¯’vc‡bi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q biwms`x †Rjvi gv`ªvmv mg~‡ni Ae`v‡bi K_v ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q; we‡klZ Rv‡gqv Kv‡mwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmvi Ae`v‡bi we¯Íi eY©bv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
biwms`x †Rjvi gv`ªvmv mg~‡ni Z_v Avwjqv avivi `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj Ges KIgx avivi
`vIiv‡q nv`xm I Ab¨vb¨ gvìvmvi cwimsL¨vb I mswÿß cwiwPwZ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q
biwms`x †Rjvi wewkó nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß cwiwPwZ I Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
4. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv Avãyi iwng

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnvt bvwmi DÏxb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. G. we. Gg. dviæK Avj KziAvb GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : AvM÷-2005
w_wmm bs : 76604
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv Avãyi iwngÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. G. we. Gg. dviæK Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnvt bvwmi DÏxb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cuvPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q gvIjvbv Avãyi iwn‡gi Rxeb cwiµgvq Zvui
Rb¥, evj¨Kvj, wkÿvRxeb, Kg©Rxeb, msmviRxeb, iPbvejx, wkÿKe„›`, B‡šÍKvj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui mgmvgwqK ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK, agx©q, wkÿv I mvs¯‥…wZK
Ae¯’vi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kv‡¯¿i wL`g‡Z Zvui Ae`v‡bi Av‡jvPbv (130-
137c„.) gvÎ 07 c„ôvi g‡a¨ mxgve× Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mvwnZ¨ PP©v I ivR‣bwZK A½‡b Zvui
Ae`vb eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Zvui wPšÍvaviv I mgmvgwqK gbxlx cÖm½ Av‡jvPbvq gvIjvbv
kvgQzj nK dwi` cyix, gvIjvbv b~i‡gvnv¤§` AvRgx, gydwZ Avgxgyj Bnmvb, nv‡d¾xûRyi I gvIjvbv
AvkÖvd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi Rxebx I Ae`vb D‡jøL K‡ib| wKš‘ 261 c„ôvi Awfm›`‡f©i gvÎ 07 c„ôvq
Zvui Ônv`xm kixdÕ bvgK msKwjZ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i eY©bv hv Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv Avãyi iwngÕ
Gi Ae`vb wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ Awfm›`‡f©i AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î †Kvb
wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv|
348
 Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : wkÿv-ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Avj-nv`x‡mi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt †nvQvBb
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : AvMó-2017
w_wmm bs : 101648
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôwkÿv-ms¯‥…wZ‡Z Avj-nv`x‡miAe`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU cÖ‡dmi W.
†gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt †nvQvBb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU wZbwU
Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZi cwiPq, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avj KziAvb I Avj-
nv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZ, Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Acms¯‥…wZi aviYv I Gi cÖwZKvi Z_v bvixi AwaKvi
cÖwZôv I wbh©vZb cÖwZ‡iva, Rw½ev`-mš¿v‡mi KviY wbY©q I cÖwZ‡iva, A_©bxwZ‡Z my` I Gi Kzdj Ges
Acms¯‥…wZi fqvenZv I Gi cÖwZKvi cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : kvgmyÏxb Avm-mvLvex (in.) I Zvi dvZûj gyMxm MÖš’ : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§` Avãyjøvn& Avj gvgyb
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvnv¤§` AwjDjøvn mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 87879
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔkvgmyÏxb Avm-mvLvex (in.) I Zvi dvZûj gyMxm MÖš’ : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbvÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvnv¤§` AwjDjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` Avãyjøvn& Avj gvgyb KZ©„K
iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ÔkvgmyÏxb
Avm-mvLvex (in.) Gi Kg©gq Rxe‡bi wewfbœw`K we‡klZ: wkÿv mdi, wkÿv `vb, Zvi kÖæZwjwc I
kÖæZwjLb BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv Avm-mvLvex iwPZ MÖš’vejxi cwiPq
Zy‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, wZwb Avi-winvj (ågY Kvwnbx), ZvLwiRyj Avnv`xm, gy¯Ívjvûj nv`xm, Dj~gyj
nv`xm, nv`x‡mi fvl¨ welqK eû Mªš’ iPbv K‡ib| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q wnRix 1g †_‡K 3q kZK ch©šÍ Bjwg
nv`x‡mi BwZnvm msKjb, PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi µgweKvk welqK Av‡jvPbv; G‡Z Dj~gyj
nv`x‡mi DrcwË I µgweKv‡ki mswÿß BwZnvm, G welq me©cÖ_g iwPZ/ msKwjZ MÖš’vejxi eY©bv| cÂg
Aa¨v‡q Zvi dvZûj gyMxm MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z KZ¸‡jv cwifvlvi (gybKvi, gvKjye, gy`Zvwie, gvivwZeyZ ZvÔw`j
I ZviwRn BZ¨vw`) we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov ÔdvZûj gyMxmÕ †h mKj cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q Zvi ZvwjKv cÖ`Ë n‡q‡Q| Bgvg mvLvex G MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ wZb Kvi‡Y (1. nv`xm wkÿv`vb c×wZi wb¤œ
gvb; 2. mxgve× BwZnvm Ávb I mswkøó wewfbœ kvLvi Dci cÖ‡qvM Ges 3. KvwiKzjv‡gi `„p wfwË cÖvPxb
gvb n‡Z †MvwôMZ msKxY©Zv RwbZ wePy¨wZ) Zvi mgKvjxb nv`xm Aa¨vcbvi K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
3. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : hvqbywÏb Avj-BivKx (i.) Bjgyj nvw`‡m Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt Bqvwmb
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` AwjDjøvn mn‡hvMx, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 87889
349
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔhvqbywÏb Avj-BivKx (i.) Bjgyj nvw`‡m Zvui Ae`vbÕ kxl©K

Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvnv¤§` AwjDjøvn Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt Bqvwmb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q hvqbywÏb Avj-BivKx (in.) Gi Rb¥,
evj¨Kvj, Bjg PP©v, wkÿK-QvÎe„›` I Zvi iwPZ Mªš’vejxi Av‡jvPb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, D‡Ïk¨, Av‡jvP¨ welq, kvLvMZ welqvejx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj
nv`x‡m hvqbywÏb Avj-BivKx (i.) Gi Ae`vb eY©bvq Zvi iPbvejx I Bjgyj nv`xm wkÿv cÖmv‡i Zvi
f‚wgKvi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj nv`xm wel‡q mn¯ª Q‡›` iwPZ Kve¨ ÔAvjwdqvZyj
nv`xmÕ I Beb mvjvn iwPZ ÒgvÔwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xmÓ Gi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ ÔAvZ-ZvKqx` Iqvj BhvnÕ Zuvi
iwPZ AZyjbxq G `ywU MÖ‡š’i weeiY; G QvovI Beb mvwq¨`yb bvm cÖYxZ ZvKwgjvZz Rvwg wZiwghx Gi fvl¨
ÒZvKwgjvZz kin Rvwg wZiwghxÓ 13 L‡Ð iPbv K‡ib; Ges wiRvj kv‡¯¿i Dci 3wU (1. hvBjy Avjvj
wghvb, 2. hvBjy Avjvj Bevi wjh hvnvex, 3. wiRvjy mybvby `viv KzZbx ) Ges nv`xm kv‡¯¿i Dci 06wU (1.
Avj-Bbmvd, 2. ZvKixeyj Avmvbx`, 3. AvZivdzm mvbv`, 4. Kzi&ivZzj AvBb, 5. AvievDb Avkqvwiqv, 6.
AvievDb ZvmvBqv ) MÖš’ iPbvi eY©bv †`qv n‡q‡Q|
4. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bjgyj nv`xm PP©vq e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi gynvwÏmM‡Yi f~wgKv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt Avwgbyj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 78726
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBjgyj nv`xm PP©vq e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi gynvwÏmM‡Yi f~wgKvÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt Avwgbyj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi
cÖkvmwbK BDwb‡Ui cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: ZrKv‡j e„nËi Lyjbvi AšÍM©Z h_vµ‡g Lyjbv,
mvZÿxiv, ev‡Mi nvU I h‡kvi †Rjvi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi wewfbœ
AÂ‡j Bmjv‡gi AvMgb I Ijvgv‡ì c`vc©b Ges nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq
Aa¨v‡q e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvq Bjgyj nv`xm PP©vq gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb, Ae¯’vb I g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q ÔBjgyj nv`x‡mi ¯îƒc, DrcwË I µgweKvk Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj nv`xm PP©vq
e„nËi Lyjbv †Rjvi gvìvmvmg~‡ni Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
5. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bgvg eyLvix (i.) Gi BRwZnv` : cwi‡cÖwÿZ mnx Avj eyLvix
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` KvdxjyÏxb miKvi
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : GwcÖjÑ2010
w_wmm bs : 78730
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBgvg eyLvix (i.) Gi BRwZnv` : cwi‡cÖwÿZ mnx Avj eyLvixÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` KvdxjyÏxb miKvi KZ©„K iwPZ
Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvixi
cwiPq, Zvui mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK, agx© I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK wel‡qi eY©bv Ges Bjwg
nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cÖKvi‡f`, nv`xm
msKj‡bi BwZnvm BZ¨vw` wel‡qi Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mnx Avj eyLvixi ZiRgvZyj eve
350
Z_v Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg I Aa¨vq web¨v‡mi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| g~jZ: G Aa¨vqwU‡ZB Bgvg eyLvix (i.)
Gi BRwZnv‡ì cwiPq cvIqv hvq| ZvB wk‡ivbvg¸‡jv we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Bgvg eyLvixi BRwZnv` ev
M‡elYv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bgvg eyLvix (i.) Gi mgmvgwqK dKxnM‡Yi Z_v gv°x Beb
Beªvnxg, gynv¤§` Beb Aveqb, Ave`vb Beb Dmgvb I gynv¤§` Beb ivwd cÖgy‡Li cwiPq Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Gi gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨‡ì g‡a¨ Zvi Ae¯’vb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges A‡bK Avwjg Bgvg eyLvix‡K dKxn
wn‡m‡eI ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb e‡j M‡elK D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|
6. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` mjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mjøvg Gi fwel¨r evYxmg~n :
GKwU we‡kølYg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt bRiæj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. †Lv›`Kvi Av. b. g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm
GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 78717
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôgnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` mjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqv mjøvg Gi fwel¨r evYx mg~n :
GKwU we‡kølYg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †Lv›`Kvi Av. b. g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi Gi ZË¡veav‡b
†gvt bRiæj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nhiZ gynv¤§` (mv.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx, fwel¨rØvYxi AKvU¨ I wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm nv`xm m¤ú‡K©
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q beyIqvZ, gywRhv I fwel¨rØvYx ch©v‡jvPbvq bqRb bex-ivm~j‡ì fwel¨rØvYx
`„óvšÍ wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q e¨w³ we‡kl Z_v Avey eKi, Igi, Dmgvb, Avjx Ges
Ab¨vb¨ mvnvex, ZvweC, gybvwdK I Agymwjg m¤ú‡K© fwel¨rØvYx wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb Z_v g`xbvi wdZbv, gymwjg iv‡óªi we¯Í…wZ, Biv‡K `ywf©ÿ, m¤ú‡ì cvno cÖKvwkZ nIqv
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© fwel¨rØvYx Av‡jvPbv Kivn‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q mvgvwRK welq Z_v gymwjg‡ì abevb
nIqv, dzivZ b`x‡Z m¤ú‡ì cvnvo cÖKvk cv‡e, c„w_ex abfvÐv‡ii Pvwe gymwjg‡ì nv‡Z _vK‡e, Bjg
DwV‡q †bIqv n‡e, AvgvbZ D‡V hv‡e, A‡_©i wewbg‡q Cgvb †ePv‡Kbv n‡e, 30 Rb fÛ bex beyIqv‡Z `vex
Ki‡e, Avie Rvnvb wdZbvi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ n‡e, b„ksmZv †e‡o hv‡e Ges mgv‡R fqsKi wech©q †b‡g
Avmv m¤ú‡K© bexi (mv.) fwel¨rØvYx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q ivR¨Rq I ivR‣bwZK wel‡q (Avgvi
c‡i Lyjvdv ivwk`y‡bi †gqv` n‡e wÎk eQi BZ¨vw`) bexi (mv.) fwel¨rØvYx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| mßg Aa¨v‡q
mvgwiK hy× welqK Z_v †b․ hy×, Dwóªi hy×, cvim¨ hy×, BivK hy×, Kb÷¨vw›U‡bvcj hy× I wn›`y¯’v‡bi hy×
BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© bexi (mv.) fwel¨rØvYx wb‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Aóg Aa¨v‡q wKqvg‡Zi (†QvU I eo)
AvjvgZ m¤úwK©Z Z_v Bgvg gvnv`xi AvZ¥cÖKvk, Cmv Av Gi AvMgb, `v¾vj, BqvhyR-gvhyR BZ¨vw` wel‡q
bexi (mv.) fwel¨rØvYx m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avj-nvwKg Avb-bvBmvcywi (i.) Gi gymZvìvK MÖš’ : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt AvjgMxi †nvmvBb
w_wmm bs : 97315
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔAvj-nvwKg Avb-bvBmvcywi (i.) Gi gymZvìvK MÖš’ : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ
kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt AvjgMxi †nvmvBb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Avj-nvwKg Avb-bvBmvcyix
(i.) Gi c~‡e© nv`xm PP©vi †cÖÿvcU, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Avj-nvwKg Avb-bvBmvcyix (i.) Gi Rxeb I Kg©,
351
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q wewfbœ hy‡M Z_v 1g †_‡K 4_© kZvãx ch©šÍ nv`xmMÖš’vejx I Avj-nvwK‡gi gymZvìvK
m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv, PZz_© Aa¨v‡q gymZvìvK MÖš’; gymZvìvK I gymZvLivR Gi cv_©K¨, gymZvìvK MÖ‡š’i
welq I nv`xm msKjb c×wZ, Gi mgv‡jvPbv I Reve cÖm‡½ eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q gymZvìvK
MÖ‡š’i KwZcq nv`xm Z_v nv`x‡m dvhjy BqvIwgj Rygyqv, nv`x‡m mvnvev, nv`x‡m wZqvi BZ¨vw` Ges Avj-
gy¯ÍvìvK MÖ‡š’i KwZcq ivexi cÖm‡½ ch©v‡jvPbv wel‡q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
8. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg t PÆMÖvg wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt gvneyeyj Avjg
w_wmm bs : 91123
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔPÆMÖvg wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W.
•mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt gvneyeyj Avjg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ÔPÆMÖvg wefv‡Mi cwiwPwZ Ges PÆMÖvg
†Rjvi cÖkvmwbK BDwb‡Ui cwiPq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ I
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, msKj‡bi BwZnvm I cÖKvi‡f` BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© wek`fv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q
ÔPÆMÖvg wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk Z_v evsjv‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb Ges nv`xm PP©v i m~Pbv,
evsjv‡`k I fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm PP©vi µgweKvk Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q PÆMÖvg wefv‡M
nv`xm PP©vq gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q ÔPÆMÖvg wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq cÖwm× gvìvmv mg~‡ni
f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
9. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K mvjvZ : c×wZ I cÖfve
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt iæûj Avwgb
ZË¡veavqK : W. †Lv›`Kvi Av. b. g. Avãyjøvn& Rvnv½xi, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj
nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 76419
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`x‡miAv‡jv‡K mvjvZ : c×wZ I cÖfveÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W.
†Lv›`Kvi Av. b. g. Avãyjøvn& Rvnv½xi Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt iæûj Avwgb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©|
G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm I mvjv‡Zi mswÿß cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡,
dwRjZ I Zvrch© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ `vov‡bv, iæKy, mvR`v I emv Ae¯’vi
Kg©mg~‡ni eY©bv, Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ `vov‡bv, iæKy, mvR`v I emv Ae¯’vi K_vmg~‡ni eY©bv,
PZz_© Aa¨v‡q mvjv‡Zi mswkøó welqmg~n †hgb: RvgvAvZ, BgvgZ, BKwZ`vn, bvix-cyiæ‡li mvjvZ BZ¨vw`
wel‡qi eY©bv, cÂg Aa¨v‡q mvjv‡Zi cÖfve Z_v agx©q, e¨w³MZ, mvgvwRK, A_©‣bwZK, ivR‣bwZK,
RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
10. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : e„nËi XvKv †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v (1947-2015)
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 76796
352
ch©v‡jvPbv : e„nËi XvKv †Rjvq nv`xm PP©v (1947-2015) kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W.

†gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` Avãyj gvbœvb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q XvKv wefv‡Mi cwiwPwZ Ges Gi 6wU †Rjvi
cÖkvmwbK BDwb‡Ui cwiPq, bvgKiY, AvqZb, Rjevqy& BZ¨vwì eY©bv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi AvMgb
µgweKv‡ki aviv, PZz_© Aa¨v‡q XvKv wefv‡M KLb wKfv‡e nv`xm PP©v ïiæ nq I weKvk jvf K‡i Ges
cÂg Aa¨v‡q †mvbvi MuvI‡q cÖwZwôZ G AÂ‡ji cÖ_g gvìvmv| G cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZôvZv kvqL kidzÏx
Avey ZvIqvgv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i A`¨vewa †h mKj L¨vwZgvb Avwjg •Zwi n‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì Rxe I Kg© G
Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| lô Aa¨v‡q KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv I `viyj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmv Abymi‡Y
XvKv wefv‡M cÖwZwôZ AmsL¨ Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvq nv`xm PP©v n‡”Q Zvi eY©bv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|
11. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm msKj‡b Beb wknve hynixi Ae`vb

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§` Avãyi iwng
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 91118
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm msKj‡b Beb wknve hynixi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt
kwdKzj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` Avãyi iwng KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU
cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msKj‡bi aviv Z_v nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ivm~j (mv.),
mvnvev, ZvweC hy‡M nv`xm msMÖn, msiÿY I msKj‡bi BwZnvm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Beb wknve
hynixi bvg, esk cwiPq, Rb¥, •kkeKvj, wkÿvRxeb, Zvui wkÿK-QvÎe„›`, ¯§„wZkw³ I Zvui iPbvejx
BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-
mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bj‡g nv`x‡m Beb wknve hynixi Ae`vb
cÖm‡½ mvnvex I eq‡R¨ô ZvweC †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY Ges Zvi †_‡K Aat¯Íb Zvwe‡ì nv`xm wkÿvMÖnY,
wmnvn wmËvq Zvi ewY©Z nv`xmmg~‡ni AvZivd Ges G wel‡q Zvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© evYx BZ¨vw` wel‡q Zvi Ae`vb
Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msKj‡b Beb wknve hynixi Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© (Avie‡ì HwZn¨MZ
c×wZ) gyL¯’ Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi h_vh_ msiÿY I (nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi ¯’vqx c×wZ) wjwce× Ki‡Yi
gva¨‡g Zvi Zvui we¯§qKi Ae`vb Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q|
12. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : ewikvj wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq Av‡jgM‡Yi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : gynv¤§` AwjDjøvn&
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 75531
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôewikvj wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq Av‡jgM‡Yi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b gynv¤§` AwjDjøvn KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ewikvj wefv‡Mi cwiPq, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q ewikvj wefv‡M
Bmjv‡gi AvMgb, cÖPvi-cÖmvi I nv`xm PP©v, cxi-AvDwjqv I m~wd-mvaKM‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v I
Bmjv‡gi wL`gZ cÖm‡½ ewikvj wefv‡Mi 13 Rb wewkó Avwjg-Ijx Z_v gxi KzZze kvn, kvn Bqvi DÏxb
Lwjdv, gvIjvbv kvn m~dx †bQvi DÏxb Avngv`, gvIjvbv •mq` gynv¤§` BmnvK, gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` nvmvb
Avjx, gvIjvbv nv‡Zg Avjx (in.) cÖgy‡Li Ae`vb D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq,
353
¸iæZ¡ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, Lyjvdv iv‡k`x‡bi hyM †_‡K fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k †Ìe›` I gvhvnv‡i Dj~g cÖwZôv
ch©šÍ nv`xm PP©vi hyM wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q ewikvj wefv‡M nv`xm PP©v Z_v ewikvj wefv‡Mi
9wU (Kvwgj) Avwjqv gvìvmv I 4wU KIgx avivi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b nv`xm PP©v m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q ewikvj wefv‡M nv`xm PP©vq †h mKj gynvwÏm Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ cÖwm× 27
Rb gynvwÏ‡mi Rxebx I nv`xm PP©vq Zv‡ì Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
13. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : cÖvP¨we`M‡Yi `„wó‡Z Avj-nv`xm
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt AvwRRyj nK
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx, cÖ‡dmi, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
w_wmm bs : 78974
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔcÖvP¨we`M‡Yi `„wó‡Z Avj-nv`xmÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt †mKv›`vi
Avjx Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt AvwRRyj nK KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q
web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq cÖm‡½ Gi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, BZ¨vwì Av‡jvPbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm c‡e© ivm~j (mv.), mvnvex I ZvweÔC‡ì hy‡M nv`xm
msKjb m¤ú‡K© Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm m¤ú‡K© Agymwjg‡ì e³e¨, KyiAvb I nv`xm
I hyw³i Av‡jv‡K Zv‡ì e³e¨ Ges Zv‡ì e³‡eï AmvoZv Zy‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q gvby‡li
e¨w³, cwievi, mgvR Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b nv`x‡mi f‚wgKv cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q; hwÌ
Aa¨vqwU g~j wk‡ivbv‡gi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© bq|
14. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nvw`‡m beexi Av‡jv‡K wPwKrmv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt Avwgbyj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. †Lv›`Kvi Av. b. g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm
GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 76420
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônvw`‡m beexi Av‡jv‡K wPwKrmvÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †Lv›`Kvi
Av.b.g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt Avwgbyj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU wZbwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡m beex I wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© †g․wjK aviYv c‡e©
nv`x‡m beexi cwiPq Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ Ihy, †Mvmj, cÖkvÖ e-cvqLvbv †_‡K cweÎZv AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g †ivMgy³ _vKvi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbvi K_v D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q cweÎZvi eY©bv I
cwe®‥vi cwi”QbœZvi cvuPwU bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| G Qvov cvbvnv‡ii wbqg-c×wZ, nvivg
Lv`¨ eR©b BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡m beexi Av‡jv‡K wPwKrmv m¤ú‡K© aviYv
w`‡Z wM‡q KZ¸‡jv DcKi‡Yi eY©bv G‡m‡Q| †hgb: gay, QÎvK, Kv‡jvwRiv, hvBZzb, †LRyi, †g‡nw`,
jeY, cvwb, myigv, Av`v, `ya, wN BZ¨vw`| Zv Qvov gvwQ evwn‡Zv †ivM I wPwKrmv, kj¨ wPwKrmv, wk½v Øviv
i³ †gvÿY, eÿ Acv‡ikb, †duvov Acv‡ikb, wkov Acv‡ikb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
15. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bgvg Avm-mvMvbx Gi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv¤§` wmivRyj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. gynv¤§` Avkivdzj Avjg, Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv |
w_wmm bs : 104307
354
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔRvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bgvg Avm-mvMvbx Gi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU

W. gynv¤§` Avkivdzj Avjg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` wmivRyj Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bgvg Avm-mvMvbx Gi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, mvgwRK I
wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v I Dcgnv‡`‡k Bmjvg cÖPvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q 3wU
cwi‡”Q‡` nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cÖKvi‡f`, KwZcq nv`x‡mi cwifvlv m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q 7wU
cwi‡”Q‡` wef³ K‡i Bgvg Avm-mvMvbx Gi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q 7wU cwi‡”Q‡`
Rvj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, jÿŸ, KviY, weavb, cÖwZ‡ivag~jK eë¯’v cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q
8wU cwi‡”Q‡` cÖ_gZ: Rvj nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Bgvg Avm-mvMvbx Gi Ae`vb Ges 2q cwi‡”Q‡` Zvi iwPZ
ÔwimvjvZy Avj-Avnv`xmyj gIRyqvZÕ MÖ‡š’i ZvLwiR Kiv n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †h, M‡elK Bgvg Avm-mvMvbxi
Ae`vb D‡jøLc~e©K `vex K‡ib, gIRy nv`xm msKj‡b Bebyj RvIhxi c‡i Bgvg Avm-mvMvbxB wQ‡jb
me©v‡cÿv cÖwm× wØZxq gynvwÏm|
16. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq mb‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Gi
ev¯ÍeZv : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvt ZvRyj Bmjvg
ZË¡veavqK : W. Av.n.g. byiæj Bmjvg, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 87878
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm PP©vq mb‡ì cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vq Gi
ev¯ÍeZv : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. Av. n. g. byiæj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt ZvRyj
Bmjvg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi
cwiPq cÖ`v‡b Gi msÁv, cÖKvi‡f`, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, BZ¨vwì Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q mb‡ì
cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I cvwifvwlK A_© BZ¨vw` wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q
evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vi aviv, D™¢e, weKvk I G wkÿveë¯’v Pvjy Kivi †cQ‡b Bs‡iR‡ì D‡Ïk¨,
RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ-2000 I 2010 wb‡q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Avwjqv
gvìvmv wkÿv eë¯’vi wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q evsjv‡`‡ki KIgx aviv I Ab¨vb¨
wkÿv eë¯’vi wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI eZ©gv‡b nv`x‡mi mb` ch©v‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
I nv`xm PP©vq mb‡ì wbf©iZv wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
17. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Avjøvgv Avãyi ingvb †gveviKcyix (i.) Ges Bj‡g nv`x‡m Zvui Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt iæûj Avwgb, cÖ‡dmi, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : Rvbyqvwi -2005
w_wmm bs : 76418
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔAvjøvgv Avãyi ingvb †gveviKcyix (i.) Ges Bj‡g nv`x‡m Zvui
Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W. †gvt iæûj Avwgb Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb KZ©„K iwPZ
Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bj‡g nv`x‡mi
cwiPq, mybœvn, Lei I AvQv‡ii g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ I •emv`„k¨, Bmjvgx kixAv‡Z nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi mswÿß BwZnvm, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`x‡mi
AvMgb I we¯Ív‡ii wel‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q †gveviK cyixi mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK,
mvgvwRK, wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK I agx©q Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv †gveviKcyixi Rxeb
355
I Kg©, ¸Yvejx, •ewkóvejx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Avjøvgv †gveviKcyixi
Ae`vb wn‡m‡e Zvi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e Aa¨vcbv, gvìvmvmn wewfbœ cÖwZôvb cÖwZôv Zvi cÖYxZ 19wU nv`xm
MÖš’‡K D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÔZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx wd kiwn mybvb AvZ wZiwghxÕ hv
wZiwghx kix‡di GKwU cÖwm× fvl¨ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb †h Avn‡j nv`xm Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg
†bZ…¯’vbxq e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb, Zvi eY©bvI G‡Z D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q |
18. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Rvj nv`xm LÐ‡b I cÖwZ‡iv‡a e½xq AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡gvnv¤§` Avwid wejøvn&
ZË¡veavqK : W. Av. n. g. byiæj Bmjvg, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : ‡g- 2013
w_wmm bs : 97348
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔRvj nv`xm LÐ‡b I cÖwZ‡iv‡a e½xq AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU W. Av. n. g. byiæj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` Avwid wejøvn& KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Rvj nv`x‡mi cwiPq, DrcwË
I µgweKvk, Rvj nv`xm iPbv I cÖmv‡ii KviY I Gi weavb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Rvj
nv`xm cÖwZ‡iv‡a gynvwÏmM‡Yi M„nxZ 5wU c×wZ Z_v K. nv`xm wkÿv msiÿY; L. mb` msiÿY I mb`
eY©bvq cvÐzwjwci eënvi; M. e¨w³MZ mZZv hvPvB; N. Zzjbvg~jK wbwiÿvi wfwË‡Z hvPvB-evQvB; O.
MÖš’vKv‡i nv`xm msiÿY I msKjb mv‡_ ivex‡ì weeiY I Rvj nv`xm msiÿY m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e
Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì M„nxZ c×wZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ w`K¸‡jv- MÖš’vKv‡i nv`xm msiÿY I
msKjb, MÖš’vKv‡i ivex‡ì weeiY msiÿY I Rvj nv`xm MÖš’vKv‡i msiÿY cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q evs‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb I nv`xm PP©v cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q
Rvj nv`xm welqK MÖš’iPbvKvix e½xq AvwjgM‡Yi Rxeb I Ae`vb D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÂg Aa¨v‡q
e½xq AvwjgMY KZ©„K iwPZ Rvj nv`xm welqK MÖ‡š’i eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
19. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv hvKvwiq¨v (i.) Gi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvg gvIjv
ZË¡veavqK : W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK
w_wmm bs : 76767
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm PP©vq Avjøvgv hvKvwiq¨v (i.) Gi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU W.
†gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvnv¤§` †Mvjvg gvIjv KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Avjøvgv hvKvwiq¨v (i.) Gi mgKvjxb
ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv hvKvwiq¨v (i.) Gi Rxeb I Kg© Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui Ávb, cÖwZfv I PvwiwÎK •ewkóvejx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`xm
PP©vq Zvui Ae`v‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b Bjwg nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbv, e³…Zv, IqvR, evnvm I MÖš’ cÖYqb
Ab¨Zg| Zvui iwPZ †gvU 48wU MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ 09wU nv`xm welqK MÖš’| Zb¥‡a¨ AveIqvey ZvivwRwgj eyLvix,
ZvLwiRyj Rvwg, ZvKixiæj wgkKvZ, ZvKixiæb bvmvC, mvRvivZz AvmgvBi wiRvj cÖf…wZ| Zvui iwPZ
nv`xmMÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ dvhv‡q‡j ZvejxM, dvhv‡q‡j bvgvh I dvhv‡q‡j n¾ AvgRbZvi wbKU me©vwaK
RbwcÖq nv`xm msKjb| cÂg Aa¨v‡q Zvui iwPZ MÖš’vejxi aib I (gvbnvR) c×wZ, mb‡ì gv‡b Zvi
MÖ‡š’i g~j¨vqb I wewfbœ nv`xm wekvi`M‡Yi `„wó‡Z Zvi MÖš’mg~‡ni g~j¨vqb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
356
20. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`x‡m wReªvBj : gvbeRxe‡b Gi cÖ‡qvM I cÖfve

M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv
ZË¡veavqK : cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt gqbyj nK, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : A‡±vei-2008
w_wmm bs : 77535
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`x‡m wReªvBj : gvbeRxe‡b Gi cÖ‡qvM I cÖfveÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU
cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt gqbyj nK Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Bmjv‡gi cwiPq, Bmjv‡gi f~wgKv,
Bmjv‡gi ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©, Cgvb I Bmjv‡gi m¤úK©, Bmjv‡gi g~j welqmg~n I wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Cgv‡bi
cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡, Cgv‡bi n«vm-e„w× m¤ú‡K© gbxlxM‡Yi gZvgZ, Cgvb I Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bnmv‡bi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡, Zvrch© I jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨, Bnmv‡bi ¯Íi
web¨vm I gvbe mgv‡R Bnmv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q wKqvg‡Zi cwiPq, AvjvgZ
I kZ©mg~n, wKqvg‡Zi w`b gvbeK‚‡ji KiyY cwiYwZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
21. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ-ZvÔ`x‡j gynv¤§` Zvwni cvUbxi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : RyjKvi bvBb
ZË¡veavqK : W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb, cÖ‡dmi, Avj nv`xm GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wWwMÖ cÖvwßi mb : gvP©- 2015
w_wmm bs : 87890
ch©v‡jvPbv : ÔBjgyj Rvin IqvZ-ZvÔ`x‡j gynv¤§` Zvwni cvUbxi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU W. •mq` gvKmy`yi ingvb Gi ZË¡veav‡b RyjKvi bvBb KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ÔBjgyj Rvin IqvZ-ZvÔ`x‡ji cwiPq,
DrcwË, µgweKvk, ¸iæZ¡-cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, G m¤ú‡K© iwPZ MÖš’vejx I MÖš’vKvi cwiwPwZ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui mgKvjxb fvi‡Zi ivR‣bwZK, Av_©mvgvwRK, agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v I nv`xm
PP©vi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q gynv¤§` Zvwni cvUbxi (1508-1578 wLª.)
Rxebx Ges PZz_© Aa¨v‡q Bjgyj Rvin IqvZ-ZvÔ`x‡j gynv¤§` Zvwni cvUbxi Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Zvui iwPZ G
wel‡qi 03 wU MÖ‡š’i eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| h_v-K. ÒAvj-gvÔAvbv wd RewZ AvmgvB wiRvwjj nv`xmÓ MÖ‡š’
Aviex eY©gvjvi avivevwnKZvq Avwjd †_‡K Bqv ch©šÍ eY©vbyµwgK wewfbœ ivexi bv‡gi mswÿß cwiPq
Zz‡jaiv n‡q‡Q| L. ÒKvbybyj AvLevwij gvIRyqvwZ Iqvi wiRvwj` `yÔAvdvÓ MÖ‡š’ wg_¨vev`x, RvjKvix,
AZ¨šÍ `~e©j ivex‡ì eY©bvi cvkvcvwk hviv wbf©i‡hvM¨, wek¦¯Í, wKš‘ A¯úó aviYvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb
gynvwÏm Zv‡ì `~e©j ev cÖZ¨vL¨vZ MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì‡K wZwb we‡kølYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G‡ì
wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| M. ÒZvRwKivZzj gvIhyÔAvZÓ GwU Rvj nv`xm I Gi ivex‡ì mgv‡jvPbv
welqK MÖš’| G‡Z ÔBjgyj Rvin IqvZ-ZvÔ`x‡ji e¨vcK eY©bv cvIqv hvq|
357
 `vIqvn& GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM

1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : evsjv‡`‡k Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq kvqLyj nv`xm AvwRRyj nK (i.) Gi Ae`vb
M‡el‡Ki bvg : ‡Mvjvg †gvi‡ZvRv
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gv. iwng Djøvn&, `vÔIqvn GÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM,
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 101637
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ôevsjv‡`‡k Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq kvqLyj nv`xm AvwRRyj nK (i.) Gi
Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. †gv. iwng Djøvn& Gi ZË¡veav‡b †Mvjvg †gvi‡ZvRv KZ©„K iwPZ
Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q kvqLyj nv`xm
AvwRRyj nK (i.) Gi Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Zvui mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK, Av_©mvgvwRK,
agx©q I wkÿv-mvs¯‥…wZK Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq kvqLyj
nv`xm (in.) Gi Ae`vb Z_v Zvui Rxe‡bi 65 eQi Bj‡g nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbv, AMwYZ gynvwÏm MVb, `xN©
16 eQ‡ii AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi dmj 07 L‡Ð evsjv fvlvq eyLvix kix‡di Abyev` KiY cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi cwiPq I msKj‡bi mswÿß aviv I cÂg Aa¨v‡q kvqLyj nv`xm (in.) Gi
ivR‣bwZK `k©b Z_v Zvui Bmjvgx msMVb cÖwZôv, wewfbœ mvgvwRK msMV‡b †bZ…Z¡ `vb I mgvR ms¯‥viK
wn‡m‡e Zviu Ae`vb Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 Aviex wefvM
1. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm kv‡¯¿ ewY©Z ivm~j (mv.) Gi LyZevn: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : KvDQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj gv‡jK, Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM,
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
w_wmm bs : 77219
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm kv‡¯¿ ewY©Z ivm~j (mv.) Gi LyZevn : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÕ kxl©K
Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj gv‡jK Gi ZË¡veav‡b KvDQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn KZ©„K iwPZ
Gg.wdj M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU PviwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q LyZevn Gi msÁv,
¸iæZ¡, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, wewfbœ hy‡M LyZevi DrcwË I weKvk m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvq bex (mv.) hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
AvaywbK hyM ch©šÍ LyZevi aib-cÖK…wZ D`NvUb Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq Aa¨v‡q LyZev I Ab¨vb¨ mvwn‡Z¨ g‡a¨
cv_©K¨, LwZ‡ei ¸Yvejx I •ewkó¨, ivm~j (mv.) Gi gv°x I gv`vbx Rxe‡bi mswÿß eY©bv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`x‡mi MÖš’mg~n gš’b K‡i wewfbœ wel‡qi Dci 16wU cwi‡”Q‡` †gvU 133wU LyZev D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb: mvjvZ, hvKvZ, n¾, wRnv`, wKqvg‡Zi AvjvgZ, RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg, mybœvZ-we`ÔAvZ, Avn‡j
evqZM‡Yi m¤§vb BZ¨vw` wQj LyZevi welqe¯‘| M‡elK cÖ‡Z¨KwU LyZev D‡jøLc~e©K LyZevi †cÖÿvcU,
wkÿbxq welq wePÿYZvimv‡_ M‡elYv c×wZi Av‡jv‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| PZz_© Aa¨v‡q †h mKj nv`xm
MÖš’ †_‡K LyZev msKjb K‡i‡Qb †m mKj MÖš’vejx I MÖš’vKvi‡ì cwiwPwZ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. M‡elYv wk‡ivbvg : nv`xm PP©vq e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvq AvwjgM‡Yi f~wgKv
M‡el‡Ki bvg : †gvt gvneyeyj Avjg
ZË¡veavqK : Aa¨vcK W. †gvt Ave`yj gv‡jK, Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM, Bmjvgx
w_wmm bs : 85164
358
ch©v‡jvPbv : Ônv`xm PP©vq e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvq AvwjgM‡Yi f~wgKvÕ kxl©K

Awfm›`f©wU Aa¨vcK W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj gv‡jK Gi ZË¡veav‡b †gvt gvneyeyj Avjg KZ©„K iwPZ Gg.wdj
M‡elYvKg©| G M‡elYvKg©wU cvuPwU Aa¨v‡q web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvq
nv`xm PP©vi DrcwË I µgweKvk, wØZxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvi AvwjgM‡Yi Ae`vb,
Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q nv`xm PP©vq e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjvi wkÿvcÖwZôv‡bi f‚wgKv PZz_© Aa¨v‡q eZ©gvb †cÖÿvc‡U
nv`xm PP©vq wewfbœ mgm¨v I mgvavb Ges cÂg Aa¨v‡q e„nËi gqgbwmsn †Rjv I Ab¨vb¨ †Rjvq nv`xm
PP©vi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|
7.2 M‡elYv cwÎKvq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v

7.2.1 BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv
GK mgq ÒBmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKvÓ wUB wQj evsjv‡`‡ki Bmjvgx M‡elYvi GKgvÎ •ÎgvwmK| 1960
mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m XvKv¯’ `viæj Dj~g (BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx) ZrKvjxb cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq Bmjvgx
M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡Ui kvLviƒ‡c Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i| 1961 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi `viæj Djy‡gi gyLcÎ
Ôw`kvixÕ Gi cwie‡Z© BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgxi gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e •ÎgvwmK ÔBmjvwgK GKv‡WgxÕ cÖKv‡ki wm×všÍ
M„nxZ nq| `xN© 12 eQi G bv‡gB cwÎKvwU cÖKvwkZ nq| †`k ¯^vax‡bi ci BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb G¨v±-
1975 Abymv‡i BmjvwgK GKv‡Wgx I evqZzj gyKviig †mvmvBwU‡K GKxf~Z K‡i BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb
MwVZ nq| G †cÖÿvc‡U GwcÖj-Ryb 1976 msL¨v BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ nq|
cwÎKvwUi g~j¨ 02 UvKv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eZ©gv‡b 50 UvKvq DbœxZ n‡q‡Q| AZGe ejv hvq, 1961-2015
mvj ch©šÍ G •ÎgvwmKwU 53 eQ‡ii Bmjvgx M‡elYv avivi HwZ‡nï aviK I evn‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i
hv‡”Q|2 D³ Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK cÖeÜ ch©v‡jvPbv
1. W. †gvt Avãym mvjvg KZ…©K iwPZ cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb I µgweKvkÓ kxl©K
M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb M‡elYv cwÎKvi 33 el©, 02 msL¨v, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î 1993 wLªóv‡ã
cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: W. †gvt Avãym mvjvg KZ…©K iwPZ ÒcvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i AvMgb I µgweKvkÓ
kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU‡Z fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Bjwg nv`xm KLb Kxfv‡e AvMgb nq Ges we¯Ívi jvf K‡i Zvi
GKwU HwZnvwmK I ZvwË¡K ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| m~Pbvc‡e© M‡elK fviZ-Avi‡ei cÖvPxb evwYwR¨K
m¤ú‡K©i K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| c~e© †_‡K G AÂj Ø‡qi evwYwR¨K mym¤úK© _vKvq Bmjv‡gi Avwef©v‡ei c‡i G
m¤úK© I †hvMv‡hvM Av‡iv †e‡o hvq| d‡j †h mKj gymwjg ewYK evwY‡Rï D‡Ï‡k¨ Avm‡Zb Zviv
Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ I e¨vemv `ywU jÿ¨ wb‡qB G‡`‡k Avm‡Zb| ZvB †`Lv hvq, gnvbex (mv.) I Lyjvdv
iv‡k`y‡bi hy‡M G †`‡k A‡bK mvnvexi ïfvMgb N‡U‡Q Ges Bjwg nv`xmI Zv‡ì gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q|
G cÖe‡Ü Lyjvdv iv‡k`yb I gyÔAvweqv (iv.) I DgvBqv Lwjdv Ijx` Beb gvwj‡Ki kvmbvg‡j †h mKj
mvnvex I ZvweÔCMY G †`‡k G‡mwQ‡jb Zv‡ì bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci G AÂ‡j gynvwÏmM‡Yi
AvMg‡bi mgq-Kvj I hyM wefR‡bi wfwË‡Z cvuPwU ¯Í‡i web¨vm Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb-cÖ_g hyM: wnRix 1g
kZvãx †_‡K 393 wn. ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| G hy‡M AveŸvmxq es‡ki 3q Ljxdv Avj-gvn`xi wb‡`©‡k 159
wn./775wLª.†h gymwjg evwnbx fviZ Awfhv‡b †cÖwiZ n‡qwQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZ Avey nvdm ivex web mvexn
Avm-mv`x bv‡g GKRb ZveC wQ‡jb| M‡el‡Ki g‡Z, wZwbB fvi‡Zi me©cÖ_g †miv gynvwÏm| Zvi
mgmvgwqK Av‡iv wZbRb gynvwÏm n‡jb, gymv web BqvKze Avm-mvKvdx, Bqvwh` web Kvekvn Av`-w`gkKx
(g„.715 wLª.), Avey gymv BmivBj web gymv Avj-evmix (g„. 771 wLª.) | G QovI G hy‡M wmÜz, gyjZvb,
2 M‡elYv wefvM KZ©„K msKwjZ, cÖeÜ m~wP, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv : Bdvev, 2012wLª., c„. 05
359
gvbmyiv, †èj I †Lvk`v‡i nv`xm wkÿv †K‡›`ªi K_v DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxq hyM: myjZvb gvngy` 412
wn./1056wLª.jv‡nvi Rq Kivi ci kvqL BmgvCj bvgK GKRb gynvwÏm eyLviv †_‡K jv‡nv‡i G‡m ¯’vqxfv‡e
emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib| AZtci Bgvg mvMvbx (577-650 wn.) whwb eyLvix-gymwjg †_‡K 2272wU nv`x‡mi
m¤^š^q ÒgvkvwiKzj Av‡bvqviÓ bvgK nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| hv cvm-fvi‡Z me©cÖ_g wjwLZ me©Rb
mgv`„Z nv`xm MÖš’| Z„Zxq hyM: wd‡ivR kvn ZzNj‡Ki kvmbvg‡j hvdi Lvu Ôgyhvd&di kvnÕ Dcvwa aviY K‡i
1408wLª.¸RivU‡K c„_K ivóª cÖwZôv K‡ib| gynvwÏm b~iæÏxb Avngv` wmivRx Bjwg nv`xm me©cÖ_g ¸Riv‡U
AvMgb K‡ib| `xwjø‡Z me©cÖ_g mvBwq` ivdxDwÏb mvdvfx wmivRx g„. 1547 wLª. Bjwg nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb
iv‡Lb| PZz_© hyM: m¤ªvU AvKe‡ii kvmbvg‡ji †kl w`‡K kvqL Avãyj nK gynvwÏm w`njfx (1551 wLª.-
1642 wLª.) I kvqL Avngv` wmiwn›`x gyRvwÏ` Avjwdmvbx (1564 wLª.-1624 wLª.) Bjwg nv`x‡mi h‡_ô
wL`gZ K‡ib| cÂg hyM: G hy‡M kvn Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njfx, kvn Avãyj Avhxh w`njfx, kvn gynv¤§`
BmnvK w`njfx, kvn Avãyj MYx w`njfx (in.) wQ‡jb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gynvwÏm|
2. W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb3 KZ…©K iwPZ Ònv`xm-Gi cwiPq, cwifvlv I cÖKvi‡f`: ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K
M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKvi 43 el©, 1g msL¨v, RyjvB-‡mÞ¤î 2003 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: M‡elK W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb iwPZ Ònv`xm-Gi cwiPq, cwifvlv I cÖKvi‡f`: ch©v‡jvPbvÓ
kxl©K cÖe‡Ü nv`x‡mi AvwfavwbK I cvwifvwlK cwiPq Zz‡j aivi cvkvcvwk Gi mgv_©K kã mybœvn, Lei,
Avmvi Ges nv`x‡m Kz`mx Gi g‡a¨ eënvwiK cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb| nv`x‡mi Drm: wk‡ivbv‡g KziAvb
gvRx‡ì K‡qKwU AvqvZ D×…Z K‡i nv`xm I KziAvb evn¨Z `ywU wfbœ wRwbm n‡jI g~jZ DfqB Inxi
Drm n‡Z DrmvwiZ Zv cÖgvY Kivi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| AZtci nv`x‡mi cwifvlv cÖm‡½ ivex (nv`xm
eY©bvKvix), wiIqvZ (eY©bv), mb` (ivex‡ì ci¤úiv eY©bv m~Î), wiRvj (ivex‡ì Rxebe„ËvšÍ), gZb
(nv`x‡mi g~j e³e¨), gynvwÏm (nv`xm wekvi`), nvwdh, û¾vZ, nvwKg, Av`vjZ (b¨vqcivqbZv), heZ
(¯§„wZkw³), wmKvn (wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv), kvqL, wmnvn wmËvn (QqLvbv nv`x‡mi weï× MÖš’), mnxnvBb (eyLvix-
gymwjg), mybvb AvievÔAv (QqLvbv nv`x‡mi weï× MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ eyLvix-gymwjg ev‡` evwK 4 Lvbv), Avj-
RvwgÔ, Avm-mybvb, Avj-gymbv`, Avj-gyÔRvg BZ¨vw` Ges wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K nv`x‡mi cÖKvi‡f`
D`vniYmn we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e 43 c„ôve¨vwc GB my`xN© cÖeÜwU M‡elYv ixwZ Abymi‡Y iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
3. W. †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj4 I Av. b. g BKevj †nvmvBb5 KZ…©K iwPZ ÒBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z nv`x‡mi
cÖvgvwYK g~j¨ I cÖv‡qvwMK ¸iæZ¡: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb M‡elYv
cwÎKvi 45 el©, 1g msL¨v, RyjvB-‡m‡Þ¤î 2005 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvbv: W. †gvnv¤§` †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj I Av. b. g BKevj †nvmvBb KZ…©K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ ÒBmjv‡gi
`„wó‡Z nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYK g~j¨ I cÖv‡qvwMK ¸iæZ¡ GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwUi D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q,
Avj-nv`xm‡K Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi cÖvgvwYK Drm wn‡m‡e cÖgvY Kiv Ges nv`xm Qvov †h c~Y©v½fv‡e Øxb gvbv
m¤¢e bq; Zv cÖe‡Üi f~wgKv‡ZB GKwU PgrKvi `„óv‡šÍi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb: ÒKziAvb
Bmjvg bvgK cÖvmv‡ì g~j KvVv‡gv wbgv©Y K‡i‡Q; Avi nv`xm †m Dc¯’vwcZ KvVv‡gvi Dci GKwU c~Y©v½
cÖvmv` cÖwZôv K‡i‡Q|Ó G cy‡iv cÖeÜwU ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, M‡elK cÖ_gZ: nv`xm k‡ãi
we‡kølY, Avj-KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv I ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb; AZtci Avj-nv`x‡mi
Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYKZv I ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q; cieZ©x‡Z Zv mvnvex, ZvweC I ZrcieZx©‡ì Kg©
I e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K Zv my`„p Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl mvaviY hyw³i Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi
cÖvgvwYK g~j¨ I cÖ‡qvwMK ¸iæZ¡ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| m‡e©vcwi cÖeÜwU‡Z nv`x‡mi cÖvgvwYK g~j¨,
cÖ‡qvwMK ¸iæZ¡ I Bmjvgx Rxeb eë¯’vq Gi gh©v`v I Ae¯’v‡bi wel‡q mícwim‡i e³e¨ D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
3 wcGB. wW. M‡elK, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|

4 Aa¨vcK, `vIqvn I Bmjvgx wkÿv wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
5 cÖfvlK, nv`xm I Bmjvgx wkÿv wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
360
4. Avey bvCg †gvnv¤§` BKevj †nvmvBb 6 I †gvnv¤§` AvLZviæ¾vgvb 7 KZ©„K iwPZ ÒBjgyj nv`xm
Aa¨q‡bi Acwinvh©Zv I gynvwÏmM‡Yi gh©v`vÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb M‡elYv cwÎKvi 49 el©,
1g msL¨v, RyjvB-‡m‡Þ¤î 2009 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Rbve Avey bvCg †gvnv¤§` BKevj †nvmvBb I †gvnv¤§` AvLZviæ¾vgvb KZ©„K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ
ÒBjgyj nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi Acwinvh©Zv I gynvwÏmM‡Yi gh©v`vÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU‡Z g~jZ Bjwg nv`x‡mi
ÁvbvR©‡bi Avek¨KvZ, Acwinvh©Zv I mxgvnxb ¸iæ‡Z¡i K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges nv`x‡mi evnK, Aa¨vcK I
gynvwÏme„‡›ì m¤§vb, gh©v`v I ¸iæZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜKvi D³ wel‡qi ¸iæZ¡
†evSv‡Z wM‡q m~Pbv‡Z (`jxj wfwËK) e‡jb, Bnv (nv`xm) KziAv‡bi c‡i me©cÖKvi Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁv‡bi
Drm ¯’j| Gi PP©v Avjøvni whKi A‡cÿv DËg, mvjvZ (bdj) Av`v‡qi mgZzj¨, KziAvb wZjvIqv‡Zi
mgch©vq; KviY GKRb gymwj‡gi Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î wb`ªvMÖnY, kh¨vZ¨vM GgbwK cvbvnvi ch©šÍ mKj
Kv‡R Bjwg nv`x‡mi Øvi¯’ n‡Z nq| ZvB Bjwg nv`x‡mi ÁvbvR©b Kiv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Acwinvh©| cÖeÜ
web¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_gZ: Bjwg nv`x‡mi cwiwPwZ, welqe¯‘ I cwiwa cÖm‡½ Av‡jvPbvi ga¨w`‡q G wel‡qi
¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Bjwg nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi Avek¨KZv cÖm‡½ 21 Lvbv AvqZ I 18 Lvbv
nv`xm D×…wZ wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q nv`xm msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î gynvwÏmM‡Y mxgvnxb
Kó-Z¨vM ¯^xKv‡ii Kvwnbx| M‡elKØ‡qi eY©bvq Ávb-weÁv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi Zzjbvq gynvwÏmM‡Yi †kÖôZ¡,
m¤§vb I gh©v`vi K_v `wjj-cÖgv‡Yi wfwË‡Z D‡V G‡m‡Q|
5. W. iwdK Avng`8 I gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn9 KZ©„K iwPZ Òe½xq gymwjg mgv‡R nv`xm wkÿv (1205-
1757 wLª.)Ó kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb M‡elYv cwÎKvi 38 el©, 4_© msL¨v, GwcÖj-Ryb
1999 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvbv: W. iwdK Avng` I gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn KZ©„K †h․_fv‡e iwPZ Òe½xq gymwjg mgv‡R nv`xm
wkÿv (1205-1757 wLª.)Ó kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU‡Z e½xq gymwjg mgvR Kxfv‡e M‡o DV‡jv? M‡elKØq
Gi GKwU HwZnvwmK ZvwË¡K we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ cÖ‡kœi mgvavb I G mgv‡R nv`xm PP©vi welqwU
wb‡¤œv³fv‡e D‡jøL K‡ib| fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k gynv¤§` web Kvwm‡gi mvgwiK weR‡qi (711 wLª.) gva¨‡g
Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi m~Pbv n‡jI G‡Z e½f~wg‡Z †Kvb cÖfve c‡owb e‡j Zviv `vex K‡ib| AZtci Avie-
e‡½i m¤úK© †`Lv‡Z wM‡q cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K Avie‡ì mv‡_ G †`‡ki HwZnvwmK evwYwR¨K m¤úK© wQj
e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib| d‡j Avie ewYK I mydx-mvaK‡ì gva¨‡g G †`‡k Bmjv‡gi AvMgb N‡U| g~jZ:
1205 mv‡j ZzK©x exi BLwZqvi DwÏb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjRx ivRv jÿ¨¥Y †mb‡K civwRZ Kivi
gva¨‡g e½‡`‡k gymwjg iv‡Rï †Mvov cËb K‡ib| d‡j G‡`‡k ¯^ZtùzZ©fv‡e gymwjg emwZ ¯’vcb cÖwµqv
ïiæ nq| Awfevmx, ¯’vbxq ag©všÍwiZ gymwjg I wgkÖ gymwj‡gi m¤^š^‡q µgš^‡q gymwjg msL¨v MwiôZv AR©b
K‡i Ges gymwjg mgvR MV‡b AMÖMwZ mvwaZ nq| G AMÖMwZi †cQ‡b A‡bK gymwjg ag©ZË¡we` Ae`vb
†i‡LwQ‡jb| Zviv gymwjg mgvR‡K Bmjvgx wkÿvq wkwÿZ Kivi Rb¨ gmwR`, gvìvmv I LvbKvq
KziAvb, nv`xm, wdKn, ZvmvDd BZ¨vw` wel‡q wkÿv w`‡Zb| G me wel‡qi g‡a¨ nv`xm PP©v RbwcÖqZv
jvf K‡i| KviY KziAvb I gnvbexi (mv.) Rxeb-PwiZ mwVKfv‡e Abyave‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nv`x‡mi mwVK
Ávb| ZvB Bjwg nv`x‡mi Ávb weZi‡Yi avivevwnKZvq BwZnv‡mi mvÿx n‡q Av‡Q AmsL¨ wkÿvcÖwZôvb|
†hgb: gwnmyb/w`bvRcy‡ii ZKxDwÏb Avivexi gvìvmv, †mvbviMvuI‡qi kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvi
6 mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Avj-nv`xm GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|

7 cÖfvlK, Bmjvgx wkÿv wefvM, DwRicyi gwnjv K‡jR, DwRicyi, ewikvj|
8 mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg|
9 mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg| wZwb eZ©gv‡b Bmjvwg Aviex wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
fvBm P¨v‡Ýj‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb|
361
gvìvmv, ivRkvnxi evNvi †g․jvbv kvn †`․jvi gvìvmv I †M․‡oi Avjv DwÏb ûmvBb kv‡ni gvìvmv
BZ¨vw`| G fv‡e e½‡`‡k gymwjg mgvR cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K gvìvmv, gmwR` I LvbKv BZ¨vw`‡Z
e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm PP©vi d‡j Bmjvgx ms¯‥…wZi GK bZzb w`MšÍ D‡b¥vwPZ nq|
G QvovI D³ M‡elYv cwÎKvq nv`xm welqK Av‡iv wKQz cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| ch©v‡jvPbvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †h
cÖeÜ¸‡jvi Kwc Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb †m¸‡jvi ZvwjKv10 wb¤œiƒc-
 gynv¤§` AwjDi ingvb, wiRvj kv¯¿ I Dm~‡j nv`xm, 1:4, Rvby-gvP©, 1962 wLª.|
 W. dRjyi ingvb, dviæK gvngy` Ab~w`Z, mybœvn I nv`xm, 2:4, GwcÖj-Ryb, 1963 wLª., c„. 534-542 |
 kvqL Avãyj nK w`njvfx (in), Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` Av`gyÏxb Ab~w`Z, Dm~jyj nv`xm, 7:1, Rvby-
gvP©, 1969 wLª., c„. 17-32|
 gynv¤§` nvmvb ingZx, Bgvg eyLvix (in.) I mnxn eyLvix, 34:2 I 35:1, A‡±vei-1994 I †m‡Þ¤î-
1995, c„.91-113|
 gynv¤§` nvmvb ingZx, Bgvg gymwjg (in.) I mnxn gymwjg, 36:1 I 35:1, RyjvB-†m‡Þ¤î 1996
wLª., c„.38-48|
 gynv¤§` nvmvb ingZx, Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) I Zuvi ZË¡ K_v, 35:2, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î 1995 wLª., c„.
91-98|
 gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`, nv`x‡mi cÖvPxbZg MÖš’vejx: ch©v‡jvPbv, 36:2, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î 1996 wLª.,
c„. 37-50|
 gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`, nv`x‡mi wfwË msiÿ‡Y gymwjg D¤§vn, 36:4, GwcÖj-Ryb 1997 wLª., c„. 19-47|
 gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng` I gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, cweÎ nv`xm MÖš’vejxi cwiwPwZ, 37:3, Rvby-gvP©,
1998 wLª., c„. 63-82; (wØZxq ce©) 37:4, GwcÖj-Ryb 1998 wLª., c„. 40-64 |
 gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng` I gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, bex hy‡M nv`xm wjLb cÖms‡M, 38:3, Rvby-gvP©,
1999 wLª., c„. 45-65|
 W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, nv`x‡m Kz`mx: ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©, 41:1, RyjvB-†m‡Þ¤î 2001 wLª.|
 W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb, Rvj nv`xm: cwiPq I ch©v‡jvPbv, 41:1, Rvby-gvP©, 2001 wLª.|
 gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, Rvj nv`xm: DrcwË I †cÖwÿZ, 41:1, A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î, 2002 wLª.|
 W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg I W. Aveyj Lv‡qi gynv¤§` IqvjxDjøvn, Bgvg wZiwghx I Zvui cÖwm× MÖš’
Avj-RvwgÔ: cwiwPwZ I ch©v‡jvPbv, 43:3, Rvby-gvP©, 2004 wLª.|
 Zv‡niv AviRy Lvb, nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D¤§vnvZzj gywgbxb (iv) Gi Ae`vb, 46:1, Rvby-gvP©, 2006 wLª.|
 W. †gvnv¤§` BDQzd, nv`xm wfwËK Bgvg eyLvixi wkÿv M‡elYv: Db¥y³ `~iwkÿvi cÖv_wgK aviYv,
46:1, RyjvB-†m‡Þ¤î 2006 wLª.|
 gynv¤§` Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv`, b~i-gynv¤§v`x kxl©K cÖPwjZ nv`xm: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, 46:2, RyjvB-
†m‡Þ¤î 2006 wLª.|
 W. gynv¤§` ivBQ DwÏb fzTv, mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg Gi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK mgxÿv, 47:3, Rvby-
gvP©, 2008 wLª.|
 gvIjvbv RvKvwiqv nvmbvev`x, Rvj nv`xm Avwe¯‹vi: GKwU HwZnvwmK mgxÿv, 48:1, RyjvB-
‡m‡Þ¤î, 2008 wLª.|
 W. gvneyev ingvb, nv`xm kv‡¯¿ nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv) Gi Ae`vb, 49:1, RyjvB-‡m‡Þ¤î, 2009 wLª.|
 W. Zv‡niv AviRy Lvb, nv`xm msiÿ‡Y AvBkv (iv) Gi Ae`vb, 50:4, GwcÖj-Ryb, 2011 wLª.|
10 M‡elYv wefvM, cÖeÜ m~wP, XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, c„. 18-19
362
7.2.2. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR

GwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì M‡elYv cwÎKv| D³ Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm welqK cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
1. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb11 iwPZ Ònv`xm kv‡¯¿i GK Ab¨Zg w`Kcvj Bgvg Beb gvRvn (i.)Ó kxl©K
cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 1999 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ cwÎKvwUi LÐ-G, 27
e‡l©i 54 †_‡K 61 bs c„ôv Ry‡o ¯’vb jvf K‡i|
ch©v‡jvPbv: Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Ü cÖeÜKvi Zvi Av‡jvPbv‡K `ywU fv‡M mvwR‡q‡Qb| cÖ_gZ: Bgvg Beb gvRvni
Rxebaviv eY©bv Ges wØZxqZ: nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vb| hwÌ wZwb cÖ_g wk‡ivbvgwU mivmwi D‡jøL
K‡ibwb; wKš‘ wZwb Bgvg Beb gvRvn Gi bvg, esk cwiPq, Rb¥, evj¨Kvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv, nv`xm wkÿvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ †`kågY Ges Zvi weL¨vZ QvÎ wkÿK‡ì bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| mv‡_ mv‡_ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Zvi
gvhnve, ci‡nhMvix, iPbvejx Ges Zvi m¤ú‡K© 10Rb gbxlxi gšÍe¨| AZtci wØZxq av‡c Beb gvRvni
ÒmybvbÓ MÖ‡š’i nv`x‡mi msL¨vZvwË¡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb wewfbœ gbxlxi gZvgZ D‡jøLc~e©K| Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb MÖ‡š’i 11wU •ewkó¨ I wmnvn wmËvi gv‡S Gi Ae¯’v‡bi K_v| D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K©
wek¦weL¨vZ QqRb nv`xm wekvi‡ì gšÍe¨| me©‡kl wZwb G MÖ‡š’ D×…Z 30/34/99wU mgv‡jvwPZ nv`xm;
†h¸‡jvi mb` wb‡q nv`xmkv¯¿we`MY weiƒc gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb|
2. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn12 iwPZ Bgvg gymwjg (i) I Zvui MÖš’vejx : GKwU we‡kølY kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 1999 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ M‡elYv cwÎKvwUi LÐ: G, el©: 27,
msL¨vi 77-93 c„ôv Ry‡o ¯’vb jvf K‡i|
ch©v‡jvPbv: 17 c„ôve¨vcx iwPZ Av‡jvP¨ cÖe‡Üi ïiæ‡Z mvims‡ÿc I 8 c„ôv Ry‡o Bgvg gymwjg (in) Gi
mswÿß Rxebx ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q| AZtci Bgvg gymwjg iwPZ MÖš’vewji Av‡jvPbvq Zvi iwPZ Òmnxn
gymwjg I Avj-gydiv`vZ Iqvj Iqvn`vbÓ MÖš’ Ø‡qi ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Bgvg gymwj‡gi
AcÖKvwkZ 4 Lvbv cvÐzwjwci ch©v‡jvPbv Ges nvwi‡q hvIqv 7wU MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci
Bgvg gymwjg m¤ú‡K© 10Rb nv`xm wekvi` I gbxlxi cÖksmv m~PK gšÍe¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ae‡kl
Bgvg gymwj‡gi BwšÍKvj cÖm‡½ eûj cÖPwjZ (†LRyi ‡L‡q A°v cvIqvi) NUbvwU D‡jø‡Li ga¨w`‡q cÖe‡Üi
BwZ Uvbv n‡q‡Q|
3. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb13 wjwLZ Bgvg wZiwghx (i) I Zuvi Avj-RvwgÔ: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv kxl©K
cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2004 mv‡ji M‡elYv cwÎKvq LÐ-G, 32
e‡l©i 43 †_‡K 62 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: DwjøwLZ 23 c„ôve¨vcx cÖe‡Üi A‡a©KUv Ry‡o †jLK Bgvg wZiwghx (in) Gi mswÿß Rxeb
cwiµgv Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| †klv‡a© wZwb RvwgÕ wZiwghxi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q RvwgÕ MÖ‡š’i AvUwU •ewkó¨ †h
wZiwghx‡Z i‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL K‡ib| Aci w`‡K †KD †KD GUv‡K mybvb MÖš’ e‡j‡Qb Zvi KviY eY©bvq
wZwb e‡jb, D³ MÖš’wU wdKnx avivq web¨¯Í| G MÖš’ msKj‡bi D‡Ïk¨, wmnvn wmËvq ev weï× QqLvbv
nv`xm MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb cÖm‡½ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q; e¨vcKZvi w`K w`‡q mnxn eyLvix; web¨vmixwZi `„wó‡Z
mnxn gymwj‡gi c‡i Gi Ae¯’vb; wKš‘ weï×Zvi we‡ePbvq mybvb Avey `vD` I bvmvCi c‡i Gi Ae¯’vb|
G‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q (3812wU) nv`x‡mi msL¨v ZvwË¡K we‡kølY Ges Gi 10wU we‡kl •ewk‡óï K_v| me©‡kl
G MÖ‡š’i 10wU fvl¨MÖ‡š’i I 3wU mswÿß msKj‡bi mswÿß cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI D³ cÖe‡Ü
Bgvg wZiwghx iwPZ nv`xm m¤úwK©Z 7wU MÖ‡š’i AwZ Aí eY©bv G‡m‡Q|
11 mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|

12 Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
13 mnKvix Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|
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4. G. †K. Gg. Avãyj jwZd14 cÖYxZ Ònv`xm PP©vq Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (i) Gi Ae`vb : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ
kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2004 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 32 el©,
155 †_‡K 175 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖe‡Üi Qq c„ôv Ry‡o Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (in) Gi mswÿß Rxeb e„ËvšÍ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Aci
w`‡K mvnvev wKivg †_‡K Zvi nv`xm kÖeY cÖm‡½ Bgvg Avhg ZvweC wQ‡jb Z_v mvnvevM‡Yi mvÿvr
†c‡q‡Qb GUv mK‡ji HKgZ¨ e‡j DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q Ges mvZ Rb mvnvex †_‡K nv`xm ï‡b‡Qb g‡g© mìæj
Avwq¤§v Avj-g°xi D×…wZ eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i wfbœ gZ¸‡jvI D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| gynvwÏm
wn‡m‡e Bgvg Avh‡gi gh©v`v cÖm‡½ A‡bK nv`xmwekvi‡ì g~jëvb gšÍe¨ D×…Z n‡q‡Q| gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
Bgvg Avhg nv`xm MÖn‡Y †h mKj kZ©vejx Av‡ivc Ki‡Zb Z¤§‡a¨ QqwU kZ© we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
Ae‡k‡l Bgvg Avhg cÖYxZ nv`xmMÖš’ ÒwKZveyj AvQviÓ Gi we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
5. G. †K. Gg. Avãyj jwZd iwPZ15 Ònv`xm msMÖ‡n †`k ågY : ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch©Ó kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2005 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 33 e‡l© 173 †_‡K 193 bs
c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖe‡Üi ïiæ‡Z M‡elL cÖ_‡g nv`xm cÖPv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ cÖm‡½ bex (mv.) Gi †ek K‡qKwU evYx
D×…Z K‡ib mv‡_ mv‡_ Bjg †Mvcb Kivi m¤úwK©Z nv`x‡m Gi fqven kvw¯Íi ûgwKi K_v D‡jøL K‡i
g~jZ nv`xm cÖPv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ I Zvrch© †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| ivm~j (mv.) Gi G wb‡`©kbvi d‡j mvnvev wKivg
nv`xm Z_v `xb cÖPv‡ii wbwg‡Ë mviv we‡k¦ Qwo‡q c‡ob, ZvB mvnvev cieZ©x hy‡M nv`xm msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨
†`k ågY we‡kl †iIqv‡R cwiYZ n‡q hvq| Gfv‡e Zv‡eqxb, Zv‡eÕ Zv‡eqxb Ges ZrcieZ©x gynvwÏmMY
hviv cieZ©x‡Z cÖwmw× AR©b K‡i‡Qb Ges MÖš’ msKjb K‡i‡Qb, Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Bjwg nv`x‡mi wewfbœ
†K›`ª ågY Kiv wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ Avek¨K K‡iwb‡qwQ‡jb|
6. †gvnv¤§` Avmv`y¾vgvb16 cÖYxZ ÒBgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (i) Gi Avj-gymbv` MÖš’ : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ,
kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2007 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 35 e‡l©,
43 †_‡K 61 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Üi ïiæ‡Z Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| AZtci Avj-gymbv` MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvi ïiæ‡Z ‫ الجامع‬، ‫ السنن‬، ‫ المسند‬، ‫ المعجم‬، ‫ الصحيفة‬، ‫المستدرك‬
BZ¨vw` MÖš’mg~‡ni cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Bgvg Avh‡gi Avj-gymbv` MÖš’ msKj‡bi †cÖÿvcU
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AZtci Zv‡K Qvov Av‡iv 15 Rb MÖš’Kvi G wk‡ivbv‡g †h MÖš’ msKjb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì
bv‡gi ZvwjKv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Gici Bgvg Avh‡gi gymbv` MÖ‡š’i 33wU welqe¯‘ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Aciw`‡K †h mKj gynvwÏm G MÖš’‡K mswÿßvKv‡i mvwR‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ 5 R‡bi bvg DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
me‡k‡l Bgvg Avh‡gi nv`xm MÖnY I eY©bvq AwaKZi mZK©Zv Aej¤^‡bi bxwZi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
7. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb17 iwPZ Ònv`xm msMÖ‡n Bgvg eyLvixi (i:) †`k ågYÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2007 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 35 e‡l© 194 †_‡K 212 bs
c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: M‡elK nv`xm msMÖ‡n †`k åg‡bi cUf~wg‡Z mvnvev hyM †_‡K ïiæ K‡i Bgvg eyLvixi c~e© ch©šÍ
mvnvev, Zvweqx I Ab¨vbïv nv`xm cÖPvi-cÖmvi, wkÿY I msMÖ‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ GK kni †_‡K Ab¨ kni, GK cÖvšÍ
†_‡K Ab¨ cÖvšÍ †h ågY K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Mí-Kvwnbx wee„Z n‡q‡Q| AZtci Bgvg eyLvixi nv`xm msMÖ‡ni
D‡Ï‡k¨ g°v, g`xbv, evM`v`, wgki, emiv, Kzdv, IqvmxZ, kvg, Lyivmvb cÖf…wZ AÂ‡ji †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z †h mKj
nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi ms¯ú‡k© wM‡q nv`xm msMÖn K‡i‡Qb Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

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8. G. †K. Gg. Avãyj jwZd18 cÖYxZ Òmybvby Avex `vD` I Zvi KwZcq mgv‡jvwPZ nv`xm : GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2007 mv‡ji M‡elYv
cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 35 e‡l© 341 †_‡K 361 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: mybvby Avex `vD‡ì cwiPq c‡e© G MÖ‡š’i GKwU mvgwMÖK eY©bv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| mybvby
Avex `vD‡` 30wU ce© (wKZve), 1544wU Aa¨vq, 4800wU nv`xm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q e‡j M‡el‡Ki AbymÜv‡b
D‡V G‡m‡Q| AZtci wmnvn wmËvq Gi Ae¯’vb (PZz_©) cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvq Bgvg
Bebyj RvIhxi (in.) Gi 9wU nv`xm‡K gvIhy wn‡me wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb, Zb¥‡a¨ G cÖe‡Ü 5wU nv`x‡mi
we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e nvw`mwekvi`M‡Yi D×…wZ w`‡q cÖeÜKvi cÖgvb Kivi †Póv
Pvwj‡q‡Qb †h, DwjøwLZ 5wU nv`x‡mi †KvbwUB gIhy nIqvi cÖgvb cvIqv hvq bv| KviY †Kvb †Kvb
nv`x‡mi GKvwaK gyZvweÕ I kv‡n` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
9. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb19 iwPZ ÒBgvg eyLvix (i) I Zuvi Avj-RvwgÔ: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K
cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2007 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 35 e‡l© 387
†_‡K 426 bs c„ôv ch©šÍ †gvU 39c„ôve¨vcx cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖeÜKvi cÖ_g fv‡M Bgvg eyLvix (in.) Gi Rxebx Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Zvi bvg I esk cwiPq,
Rb¥ I Rb¥¯’vb, •kkeKvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv, AÜZ¡ †_‡K `„wó kw³ wd‡i cvIqv, wkÿvRxeb I GZØ D‡Ï‡k¨
wewfbœ †`k ågY, D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKgÛjx, eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxeb, iPbvejx, gnr PwiÎ I Bev`Z-e‡›`Mx,
ZvKIqv-‡Lv`vfxwZmn Bgvg eyLvix m¤ú‡K© Ab¨vb¨ gbxlx‡ì `„wófw½ I g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` welqvwì weeiY
Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci Avj-RvwgÕDm-mnxn Gi ch©v‡jvPbvq cÖeÜKvi G MÖš’ msKj‡bi BwZe„Ë cÖm‡½
mnxn eyLvix cÖYq‡bi KviY, kZ© I •ewkó¨vejx, MÖš’ msKj‡b mZK©Zv Aej¤^b, G‡Z ewYZ nv`xm msL¨v,
G MÖ‡š’i wewfbœ ms¯‥iY I Gi fvl¨MÖš’vw` BZ¨vw` wb‡q GKwU mg„× Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_
mnxn Avj-eyLvix m¤ú‡K© gynvÏxmM‡Yi gZvgZ I mgv‡jvPbv wel‡qI Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
10. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb20 iwPZ Òmnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbvÓ
kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2009 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 37 e‡l©
01 †_‡K 33 bs c„ôv ch©šÍ †gvU 33 c„ôve¨vcx cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖeÜKvi cÖ_‡g mnxn eyLvixi cwiPq w`‡Z wM‡q Gi bvgKiY, cÖY q‡bi KviY, nv`xm MÖn‡Y
kZ©vejx, mZK©Zv, gbxlx‡ì gšÍe¨, nv`xm msL¨v, •ewkó¨vewj I Gi fvl¨ MÖšm
’ g~n BZ¨vw` wel‡q mwe¯Ív‡i
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| AZtci mnxn gymwjg msKj‡bi KviY, msKjb c×wZ, MÖš’ cÖYq‡b kZv©‡ivc, nv`xm
msL¨v, nv`x‡m weï×Zv, gbxlxM‡Yi AwfgZ, Gi •ewkó¨vewj I Gi fvl¨ MÖš’mg~n, BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbvi c‡i
mnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡gi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq 24wU c‡q‡›U Dfq MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ Zzjbv Dc¯’vwcZ
n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜKv‡ii me©‡kl gšÍe¨ n‡”Q, weï×Zvi wbwi‡L mnxn eyLvix AMÖMb¨, Avi •kwíK †m․›`h© ev
web¨v‡mi w`K †_‡K mnxn gymwjg AMÖvwaKvi cÖvß|
11. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb21 cÖYxZ Ònv`xmkv‡¯¿ Bgvg gymwj‡gi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR Kjv I AvBb Abyl‡ì 2010 mv‡ji cwÎKvi LÐ-G, 38 e‡l© 01 †_‡K 41 bs c„ôv
ch©šÍ †gvU 40 c„ôve¨vcx cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖeÜKvi cÖ_‡g Bgvg gymwjg Gi Agi MÖš’ Ômnxn gymwjgÕ Gi cwiPq Zy‡j a‡i‡Qb| G MÖš’
msKj‡bi mgqKvj, KviY, msKjb¯’vb I Aa¨vq web¨vm-ixwZ, MÖš’ msKj‡b Abym„Z kZ©vejx, weï×Zvi
gvb`‡Ð wbwiÿY BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, mnxn gymwj‡g 3 jÿ nv`xm

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20 cÖv¸³
21 cÖv¸³
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†_‡K evQvB K‡i cybive„wËmn 1200wU Avi cybtD‡jøL Qvov 4000wU nv`xm ¯’vb †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’
gyqvjøvKvZ, gvIKzd, I gvKZz nv`x‡mi Dcw¯’wZ Ges mnxn gymwjg Gi 17wU •ewkó¨, 42wU e¨vL¨v MÖš’ I
17wU gymZvLivRvZ BZ¨vw` wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e G cÖe‡Ü mnxn gymwjg Qvov Bgvg gymwjg
KZ…©K nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK wjwLZ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’mg~‡ni †Kv‡bv Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ nqwb|
12. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb22 iwPZ Ògynv¤§v` Bebyj nvmvb Avk&-kvqevbx (i) I Zuvi Avj-gyIqvËv:
ch©v‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqbÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYv cwÎKvq (Kjv Abyl`) wW‡m¤î-
2018 mv‡ji cwÎKvi 26Zg msL¨vi 137 †_‡K 164 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖe‡Üi cÖ_gv‡a© Bgvg gynv¤§` Gi Rxebx cÖm‡½ Zvi bvg I esk cwiPq, Rb¥ I Rb¥¯’vb,
•kkeKvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv, wkÿvRxeb I D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKgÛjx, eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxeb, iPbvejx, gnr PwiÎ I
Bev`Z-e‡›`Mx, ZvKIqv-‡Lv`vfxwZmn Bgvg gynv¤§` m¤ú‡K© Ab¨vb¨ gbxlx‡ì g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` wel‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gici Avj-gyAvËv Gi bvgKiY, Abym„Z 11wU c×wZ, nv`xm msL¨v (1180wU),
e¨vL¨vMÖš’ (4wU) I MÖ‡š’i •ewkó¨ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Bgvg gynv¤§` (in.) g~jZ: Bgvg
gvwjK (in.) †_‡K kÖæZ nv`xm web¨vm K‡i ÔAvj-gyAvËvÕ msKjb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GLv‡b nv`xm wjLvi ci
cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wb‡Ri gZvgZ I Bgvg Avh‡gi gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
13. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb23 iwPZ Ònvwdh BDmyd Avj-wgh&hx (i): Bjgyi wiRv‡j Zuvi Ae`vbÓ
kxl©K cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYv cwÎKvq (Kjv Abyl`) Ryb-2019 mv‡ji cwÎKvi 27Zg
msL¨vi 261 †_‡K 274 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_gZ Bgvg wgh&hx (in.) Gi Rxebx ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gici Bjgyi wiRv‡j Zvi
Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Zvi iwPZ `ywU MÖ‡š’i we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’`ywUi GKwU n‡jv- ÒZzndvZzj
Avkivd we gvÕwidvwZj AvZivdÓ, G MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wgh&hx (in.) Gi wiRvj kv‡¯¿
Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi Aci MÖš’wU n‡jv-ÒZvnhxeyj Kvgvj dx AvmgvBi wiRvjÓ| cÖeÜKvi
MÖš’wU‡K 10wU c‡q‡›U ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
7.2.3 BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wiPvm© Rvb©vj (Islamic Studies Reserch Journal)

ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ M‡elYv cwÎKvq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
welqK cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡”Q-
1. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb24 iwPZ ÒBe&b nvRvi ÔAvmKvjvbx (i): ÔBjgyi wiRv‡j Zuvi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K
cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi ÒIslamic Studies Reserch JournalÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi
M‡elYv cwÎKvi fwjDg-3, 2008-2009 msL¨vq 179 †_‡K 204 bs c„ôv Ry‡o cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_g c‡e© Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) Gi Rxebx I Zvi iwPZ 10wU nv`xm I wiRvj
kv¯¿ m¤úwK©Z MÖ‡š’i mswÿß cwiPq †`qv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq c‡e© Bjgyi wiRv‡j (ivex PwiZ) Zvi Ae`vb
D‡jøL Ki‡Z wM‡q weL¨vZ PviwU MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m PviwU MÖš’ n‡jv-
K. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, L. ZvKixeyZ Zvnhxe, M. wjmvbyj wghvb, N. Avj-Bmvev dx Zvgqxwhm mvnvev|
2. W. gynv¤§` BKivgyj Bmjvg 25 iwPZ Ògymwjg mgv‡R Rvj nv`x‡mi weiƒc cÖfveÓ kxl©K cÖeÜwU
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi ÒIslamic Studies Reserch JournalÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi

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ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖeÜwU‡Z gvI`y nv`x‡mi cwiPq, mgv‡R Gi weiƒc cÖfve cÖm‡½ 10wU cÖPwjZ Rvj nv`xm
DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Cgvb I mvjvZ welqK Rvj nv`x‡mi D`vniY D×…Z n‡q‡Q| G QvovI G‡Z
†n`v‡qZ, dvhv‡qj, whKi, `yAv, LZg cvV, wgjv`, ZwiKZ, k‡eeivZ, Avïiv, wgivR BZ¨vw` wel‡q Rvj
nv`xm _vKvi `„óvšÍ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Gi cÖfvegy³ _vKvi wKQz Dcvq eY©bvi ga¨w`‡q cÖe‡Üi
mgvwß n‡q‡Q|
3. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb26 iwPZ ÒBgvg bvmvC (in.): nv`xm msKj‡b Zvi Abym„Z c×wZÓ kxl©K
cÖeÜwU ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi ÒIslamic Studies Reserch JournalÓ wk‡ivbv‡gi
ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_gv‡a© Bgvg bvmvC (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxebx AZtci nv`xm msKjb I MÖš’ web¨vm c×wZ
cÖm‡½ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖš’ web¨vm c×wZ‡Z †h welq¸‡jv AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Zv n‡jv-
Bgvg bvmvC, Bgvg eyLvix-gymwj‡gi gvbnvR AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© AvqvZ D‡jøL
K‡i‡Qb, cybtD‡jøL K…Z nv`xm Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, gvidz, gyimvj, gvKZz, gvZiæK nv`x‡mi eY©bv,
mb‡ì g‡a¨ ivex‡ì cwiPq `vb, nv`xm eY©bv †k‡l †m nv`xm m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cwi‡”Q`
wk‡ivbv‡g gvmv‡qj eY©bv, gbxlx‡ì G MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ eY©bvi gva¨‡g cÖeÜwU †kl Kiv n‡q‡Q|
7.2.2 w` BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR (The Islamic University Studies)

GKwU wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q, cVb-cvVb, M‡elYv I bZzb Ávb m„wó Kiv| †m j‡ÿ¨ 12 †deªæqvix
1990 mv‡j Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqvq ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii ci bvbvgyLx M‡elYv Kvh©µg ïiæ nq| wkÿK‡ì
†ckvMZ `ÿZv e„w× I Ávb-weÁv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq bZzb bZzb ZË¡, Z_¨, a¨vb-aviYv D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨
M‡elYv Rvb©vj GKwU Acwinvh© Abyl½| m½Z Kvi‡Y 1990 mv‡ji Ryb gvm †_‡K cÖwZ eQi `ywU K‡i Ô`¨v
BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWRÕ bv‡g 5wU Abyl` †_‡KB ¯^Zš¿¨ Rvbv©j cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| G hver w_IjwR
GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR Abyl` †_‡K 24wU Rvb©vj cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|27 G mKj Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm welqK cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv wb‡¤œ Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
1. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg28 I W. †gvt †jvKgvb †nv‡mb29 KZ©„K iwPZ ÒBgvg Beb gvRvn I Zvi mybvb:
cwiwPwZ I ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvi 8g LÐ,
2q msL¨v, Ryb 2000wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi ïiæi w`‡Ki (209 wn./824 wLª.) Biv‡bi Kvhfx‡bi GK
ÿYRb¥ gynvwÏm, Bgvg Avey Avwãjøvn gynv¤§` Beb Bqvhx` Beb Avwãjøvn Beb gvRvn Avi-ievC Avj-
Kvhfxbx (in.) Gi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K h_v- Zvui bvg, esk cwiPq, wkÿv jvf, nv`xm A‡š^l‡Y †`k ågY,
Zvui wkÿKe„›`, gvhnve, Bgvg Beb gvRvn m¤ú‡K© AvwjgM‡Yi gšÍe¨, Zvui iPbvewj BZ¨vw` wb‡q
Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜKviØq G cÖe‡Üi g~jcÖwZcv`¨ Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) iwPZ Ômybvb Beb
gvRvnÕ Gi ch©v‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ e‡jb, Bgvg Beb gvRvn GK jÿ¨ nv`x‡mi wekvj fvÐvi †_‡K hvPvB evQvB
K‡i 4341wU nv`xm Zvi MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb, Gi g‡a¨ 1339wU nv`xm Zvui wb‡R¯^ msMÖn †_‡K msKjb
K‡i‡Qb| AZtci mvZwU c‡q‡›U Gi •ewkó¨ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| h_v- MÖš’wU 32wU Aa¨vq, 1500wU
cwi‡”Q‡` wef³ K‡i Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi wewfbœ kvLvi mKj cÖ‡qvRbxq gvmAvjv mswÿß cwim‡i Av‡jvwPZ
25 wcGBP.wW. M‡elK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx|

27 cÖ‡dmi Av. e. g. mvBdzj Bmjvg wmÏxKx, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq BwZnvm I HwZn¨, cÖv¸³, c„.286
29 mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Avj-KziAvb GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
367
n‡q‡Q| wmnvn wmËvi Ab¨ cuvPwU MÖ‡š’ †bB Ggb wKQz nv`xm G MÖ‡š’ DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q Ges G‡Z †Kvb
nv`x‡ì cybiæw³ †bB| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm mgv‡jvPK G MÖ‡š’i 10wU/30wU nv`x‡mi mvgb¨ ÎæwU wKsev
mb‡ì mvgvb¨ `ye©jZv Av‡Q e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| m‡e©vcwi MÖš’wUi iPbv‣kjx, myweb¨¯Í welqe¯‘, cÖ‡qvRbxq
cÖvq mKj wel‡qi AšÍf©~w³ I Ab¨b¨ •ewk‡óï ìæY Beb gvRvn (in.) gvbe ü`‡q Agi n‡q _vK‡eb|
2. †gvt gqbyj nK30 I †gvt bvwQi DÏxb31 KZ…©K iwPZ ÒBmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ívi I Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv
b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (i:)Ó kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU †gvt gqbyj nK I †gvt bvwQi DÏxb KZ…©K iwPZ, BmjvwgK
BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvi 8g LÐ, 2q msL¨v, Ryb 2000 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü cÖw_Zhkv Avwj‡g Øxb, cÖL¨vZ nv`xm wekvi`, †jLK, mvsevw`K I cÖvewÜK
gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§` AvRgx (in.) Gi Rxe‡bi wewfbœ w`K Z_v Rb¥ I esk cwiwPwZ, wkÿvR©b I
Ava¨vwZ¥KZv, eY©vX¨ Kg©gq Rxe‡b wkÿKZv (1928-1943 wLª.), m¦‡`kx Av‡›`vjb, mvsevw`KZv, Bmjvgx
wkÿvbxwZ ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡b mwµq AskMÖnY m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wZwb 1930 mv‡j
ÔRgÔBqvZzj gy`viwimxbÕ bv‡g Iì¯‥xg gvìvmvi wkÿK‡ì AwaKvi Av`v‡qi j‡ÿ¨ msMVb cÖwZôv K‡ib
Ges gvìvmvi QvÎmgvR‡K HKë× Ki‡Y RgÔBqv‡Z Zvjvev‡q Avivweq¨vn (1960 wLª.) Gi mfvcwZi
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G QvovI wkÿvi gva¨g gvZ…fvlvq nIqv DwPZ e‡j wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb| †m Abyf~wZ
†_‡KB evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx M‡elYvi j‡ÿ¨ ÒB`vivZzj gvÔAvwidÓ bv‡g M‡elYvMvi cÖwZôv K‡ib| wZwb
wb‡RI GKRb cÖL¨vZ Kjg‣mwbK wQ‡jb| Zvi iwPZ 12wU w`Kwb‡`©kbvg~jK Bmjvgx MÖš’ I wewfbœ
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ 32wU cÖe‡Üi wk‡ivbv‡gi ZvwjKv cÖeÜKvi Zvi iPbvq D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøL¨, Zvui
nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨qb, M‡elYv, MÖš’ cÖYqb I wkÿv`v‡bi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vq †h Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zv wb‡q
we‡kl ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| we‡klZ: Zvui iwPZ `ywU Agi MÖ‡š’i we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY †ck
Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v- Avjøvgv IqvwjDÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyjøvn LZxe wZewiRx msKwjZ ÒwgkKvZzj
gvmvwenÓ Gi mswÿß e¨vL¨v mn e½vbyev` MÖš’wU 11 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ nq; Zb¥‡a¨ BwšÍKv‡ji c~‡e© wZwb 06
L‡Ði Abyev‡ì KvR mgvß Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| evwK cuvP LÐ ZvuiB avivevwnKZvq wewkó gynvwÏm Gg.
AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi mswÿß e¨vL¨v mn e½vbyev‡ì KvR mgvß K‡ib| cÖÜKv‡ii `vex Abyhvqx, GwU wgkKvZ
kix‡di myô I wbf©i‡hvM¨ cÖ_g e¨vL¨vg~jK e½vbyev` | G Qvov Zvui †h MÖš’wU me©vwaK cÖwm× I Ávb-M‡f©i
`vex`vi Zv n‡”Q- Ònv`x‡miZË¡ I BwZnvmÓ| GwU GK gjv‡U `yÕL‡Ð wef³| cÖ_g L‡Ð Dm~jyj nv`xm
msµvšÍ Ges wØZxq L‡Ð cvm-fvi‡Z Bjwg nv`x‡mi AvMg‡bi BwZnvm I gynvwÏmM‡Yi Ae`vb cÖm‡½
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
3. W. gynv¤§` AvdvR 32 DÏxb KZ©„K iwPZ ÒBjgyj gymZvjvn: nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKwU Acwinvh© Abyl½-
‡KvlÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvi 8g LÐ, 2q msL¨v, Ryb
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü nv`x‡mi cwiPq, ¸iæZ¡ Ges nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi BwZnvm mswÿß cwim‡i Av‡jvPbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kb ÔBjgyj gymZvjvnÕ Gi D™¢e n‡jv? G cÖ‡kœi Reve cÖm‡½ cÖeÜKvi e‡jb, nhiZ Dmgvb
(iv.) ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y wbn‡Zv n‡j wLjvdZ cÖ‡kœ gymwjg D¤§vn we‡iva-wek„•Ljvq wjß nq| G
wek„•Ljv‡K †K›`ª K‡i gymwjg mgv‡R kxqv, LvwiRx, iv‡dhx, Kvìx I we`ÔAvZx BZ¨vw` bvbv Dc`‡ji
AvZ¥cÖKvk N‡U| G ¯^v_©v‡š^lx †Mvwô¸‡jv wb‡R‡ì‡K mwVK cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì AbyK~‡j wbtk¼wP‡Ë
nv`xm iPbv ïiæ K‡i| G RNb¨ RvwjqvZ‡ì AïfPµv‡šÍi Ke‡j cweÎ nv`xmkv‡¯¿ †h Kvjxgvi AbycÖ‡ek
N‡UwQj Zv `~i Kievi Rb¨ Lwjdv wØZxq Dg‡ii (in.) †cÖiYvq D¤§‡Zi cÖwZfvai gbxlxe„›` K‡Vvi
cwikÖg I Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i jÿ¨ jÿ¨ nv`xm msMÖn K‡i MÖš’e× K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ Zviv D³ nv`xmm¤¢v‡ii

31 cÖfvlK, Avj-nv`xm GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
32 mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, `vÔIqvn GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
368
weï×Zv hvPvB evPvB Kivi Rb¨ D™¢veb K‡ib wewfbœ ai‡bi g~jbxwZ| hv Dj~gyj nv`xm bv‡g cwiwPZ| G
weÁv‡bi GKwU kvLv n‡”Q ÔBjgyj gymZvjvnÕ| G cÖ‡Ü ÔBjgyj gymZvjvnÕ Gi msÁv, nv`x‡mi cwifvlv
wbg©v‡bi m~Î e¨vL¨v KiY cÖm‡½ nv`xm PP©vq wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© eënvh© cwifvlv; nv`x‡mi MÖš’
m¤úwK©Z cwifvlv; eY©bv msµvšÍ cwifvlv, h_v: mb`, gZb, ivex I †iIqvZ| G QvovI wnRix kZ‡Ki
hyMwefvR‡bi avivevwnKZvq 2q †_‡K 14k kZvwã ch©šÍ ÒBjgyj gymZvjvnÓ Gi DrcwË-µgweKv‡ki
mswÿß BwZe„Ë ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|
4. †gvt bvwQi DÏxb33 I Avãyj gyËvwje34 KZ©„K iwPZ Òkvn& Iqvjx Djøvn †`njex (i:) nv`xm PP©vq GK
KvjRqx e¨w³Z¡Ó kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvi 10g LÐ, 1g
msL¨v, wW‡m¤î 2001 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü †jLKØq kvn& Iqvjx Djøvn †`njex (i:) Gi Kg©eûj eY©vX¨ Rxe‡bi mswÿß
Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb cÖm‡½ e‡jb, Aóv`k kZ‡Ki myPbvj‡Mœ gyNj ev`kvn AvIi½‡R‡ei AvjgMx‡ii
BwšÍKv‡ji (1707 wLª.) Pvi eQi c~‡e© 1703 mv‡j kvn& Iqvjx Djøvn †`njex (i:) w`jøx‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY
K‡ib| Zvui R‡b¥i c~‡e© GK iv‡Z Zvui wcZv ¯^‡cœ †`‡Lb,ÒAvKvk †_‡K Pvu` G‡m †hb Zvui Ni‡K
Av‡jvK¾¡j K‡i Zzjj|Ó G Rb¨ nqZ Zuvi bvg ÒKzZzeyÏxbÓ Ges WvK bvg Iqvjx Djøvn ivLv n‡qwQj|
Am¤¢e †gavex GB evjvK mvZ eQi eq‡m KziAvb gvRx` wndh m¤úbœ K‡i| 15 eQi eq‡m wZwb †m hy‡Mi
gvìvmvi D”Pwkÿv mgvß K‡ib| 29 eQi eq‡m wZwb g°v-g`xbvq mdi K‡i Avey Zvwni Beb Beivnxg
Kz`x© kvwdC (in.) Gi wbKU wmnvn wmËvn, wgkKvZyj gvmvexn I wnmb nvmxb Aa¨qb K‡ib| kvqL
Iqvd`yjøvn gv‡jKx (in.) Gi wbKU gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK cvV K‡ib| G QvovI Av‡iv `kRb kvq‡Li Kv‡Q
Rvwnix I evwZbx Bjg wkÿv K‡i w`jøx wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb AvZ¥ïw×wfwËK mgvRms¯‥vi Av‡›`vj‡bi
Ab¨Zg c_cÖ`k©K wQ‡jb| †`‡k wd‡i G ms¯‥vi Avb‡›`vj‡bi cvmcvwk wZwb cÖvq wÎk eQi M‡elYv K‡g©
wbgMœ †_‡K cÂvk Lvbv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zv Qvov wZwb `xN© 25 eQi hver nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq wb‡R‡K
wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L AMwYZ QvÎ m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb| G cÖe‡Ü Zuvi iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ bqwUi
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
5. W. Aveyj evivKvZ †gvt dviæK35 KZ…©K iwPZ Ònv`xm kix‡di msiÿY I Gi evPb‣kjxÓ kxl©K
M‡elYv cÖeÜwU BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR (cvU©-G) M‡elYv cwÎKvi 10g LÐ, 1g msL¨v, wW‡m¤î
ch©v‡jvPbv: W. Aveyj evivKvZ †gvt dviæK KZ…©K iwPZ Ònv`xm kix‡di msiÿY I Gi evPb‣kjxÓ kxl©K
M‡elYv cÖe‡Ü †jLK `yBwU w`‡K Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_gZ: Bjwg nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi bxwZ, c×wZ,
†K․kj I BwZnvm, wØZxqZ: nv`x‡mi evPb‣kjx we‡kølY| wZwb bex (mv.) Gi fvlv‣kjx cÖm‡½ e‡jb,
ivm~j Kvixg (mv.) Gi fvlv AZ¨šÍ weï×, cÖvÄj, mswÿß, ü`qMÖvnx, evûj¨gy³, AvKl©Yxq, ¯úó, mZ¨ I
AjsKvi c~Y©| Gi D`vniY wn‡m‡e cÖeÜKvi eby bvn‡ì cÖwZwbwa `‡ji cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e bex (mv.) Gi Dw³
ÒAvwg Avie‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q weï× fvlxÓ D‡jøL K‡ib| G cÖe‡Ü Bjwg nv`x‡mi msiÿYixwZ Ges
bexwRi evKixwZ I evPbfw½i wewfbœ w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
6. W. †gvt †mKv›`vi Avjx36 I Rbve †gvt wgRvbyi ingvb37 KZ…©K iwPZ ÒBj‡g nv`xm PP©vq Bgvg Ave~
nvbxdv (i.) Gi Ae`vbÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU, BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvi 10g LÐ
, 1g msL¨v, wW‡m¤î 2001 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|

34 mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
35 mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, Avj-KziAvb GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
37 Gg.wdj M‡elK, Avj-nv`xm GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv|
369
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) m¤ú‡K© we‡Øl cÖm~Z weåvwšÍ wbim‡b `wjj- cÖvgvY wfwËK
GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| cÖeÜKviØq e‡jb, Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.) GKRb wek¦e‡iY¨ I DPzu
gv‡bi gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| nhiZ Avjx (iv.) Kzdv‡Z Bmjvgx wLjvd‡Zi ivRavbx cÖwZôv K‡ib| Avi GLv‡bB
Zvui Rb¥¯’vb; †hLv‡b 1500 mvnvex emevm Ki‡Zb, Zb¥‡a¨ 70 Rb wQ‡jb hviv eì hy‡× Ask
wb‡qwQ‡jb| iBmyj dzKvnv Avãyjøvn Beb gvmÔD` (iv) †mLv‡b cÖvq 10 eQi gyqvwjøg wn‡m‡e wbhy³ wQ‡jb|
Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) mvZRb mvnvex n‡Z nv`xm †iIqv‡qZ K‡ib| G Qvov wZwb Zv‡eCM‡Yi g‡a¨
gZ‡f`mn 4000 kvqL †_‡K nv`xm wkÿvjvf K‡ib| ZvB Bgvg hvnvex (in.), Beb nvRvi ÔAvmKvjvbx
mn A‡b‡K Zuv‡K Ònvwdhyj nv`xmÓ e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib| Rvin IqvZ ZvÔ`x‡j wZwb wQ‡jb wZwb wQ‡jb
wm×n¯Í| wZwb nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZi †ÿ‡Î nv`xm eY©bv c×wZ, †kÖwYweb¨vm, mnxn nv`x‡mi kZ©vewj,
ivexi cwiP‡qi `„wó fw½‡Z ewY©Z nv`x‡mi g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` wel‡q my¯úó gZvgZ-wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb Ges
nv`x‡mi wewfbœ wel‡q Zvui gZvgZ †ck K‡i †M‡Qb| nv`xm wbe©vPb I MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Zvui bxwZgvjv wQj
AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi| †hgb: * KziAv‡bi e³‡eï we‡ivax nv`xm cwiZ¨vR¨| * kixq‡Zi g~jbxwZi mv‡_
mvsNwl©K †Kvb nv`xm MÖnY bv Kiv| * nv`xm cÖwm× mybœv‡Zi we‡ivax bv nIqv| * ivexi ewY©Z nv`xm Zvi
Kv‡Ri wecixZ n‡j Zvi ewY©Z nv`xm cwiZ¨vR¨| * nv`xmwU Ggb bv nIqv hv w`‡q KL‡bv †Kvb mvnvex
`jxj wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡ibwb| * Ggb bv nIqv c~e©eZx© †Kvb nv`xmwekvi` Gi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ibwb| *
kvw¯Íi e¨vcv‡i wewfbœgyLx nv`x‡mi ga¨ n‡Z mnRZiwU MÖnY Kiv| * ivex †h nv`xmwU gyL¯’ Ki‡eb, Zv
gyL¯’ Kivi mgq †_‡K eY©bv Kiv ch©šÍ gyL¯’ _vK‡Z n‡e, KLbI fz‡j hv‡e bv| * mvnvex I Zvex‡ì
Avg‡ji cwicwš’ n‡e bv| * nv`x‡mi ivexi †jLvi Dci wbf©i bv K‡i gyL¯’ kw³i Dci wbf©i Kiv,
BZ¨vw`| wZwb nv`x‡mi mv‡_ wdK‡ni mgš^‡qi †ÿ‡Î Awe¯§iYxq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| ewY©Z Av‡Q, wZwb
KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK evi jÿ¨ bq nvRvi wewae× AvB‡bi hyw³mb¥Z e¨vL¨v Z_v d‡Zvqv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
nv`xm MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg Avh‡gi gZ, hv ivm~j (mv.) †_‡K G‡m‡Q Avwg Zv AebZ g¯Í‡K †g‡b †be,
Zvi we‡ivwaZv Kivi AwaKvi Avgvi †bB| Zvui mvnvev wKiv‡gi cÿ †_‡K hv G‡m‡Q, †m m‡ei wfZi
wbev©Pb Kie; Zv‡ì Qvov Ab¨‡ì (ZvweC) cÿ †_‡K hv G‡m‡Q, (Zv hvPvBevQvB K‡i †`L‡ev, KviY)
ZvivI cyiæl AvgivI cyiæl| G QvovI nv`xm msKjb I welqwfwËK web¨v‡mI wZwb `ÿZvi ¯^vÿi
†i‡L‡Qb| gymbv‡` ÒAvex nvwbdvÓ ev ÒwKZveyj AvmviÓ mnxn nv`xm msKjb Zvi ev¯Íe cÖgvY| Bgvg
Avhg †_‡K Zvui wZbRb wcÖq QvÎ (Bgvg gynv¤§` Beb nvmvb kvqevbx, Bgvg RvÔdi, Bgvg Avey BDmyd)
KZ©„K G MÖ‡š’i cvÐzwjwc ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| wZwb Pwjøk nvRvi nv`xm †_‡K wbev©wPZ K‡i D³ MÖš’wU msKjb
K‡ib| Avjøvgv eìæÏxb AvBbx Zvi ÔZvwi‡L KexiÕ MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡ib †h, D³ MÖ‡š’ GK nvRv‡ii †ewk
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Ryb 2002 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
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ivwk`xb wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| nvjvKz Lvb KZ©„K evM`v` cZb (41-394 wn.) ch©šÍ cÖvq 353 eQi 51 Rb
Ljxdv Bmjvgx m¤ªvR¨ kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zb¥‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi cÂg LjxdvL¨vZ, 8g DgvBq¨v Ljxdv nhiZ
Igi Beb Avãyj Avhxh (in.) [99-101 wn.] miKvixfv‡e nv`xm msKj‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ
n‡q‡Q| G cÖe‡Ü nv`x‡mi ¸iæZ¡ cÖm‡½ 06 c„ôve¨vcx AcÖvmw½K `xN© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZtci
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370
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nv`xm msKj‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨, 99 wnRix‡Z nhiZ Igi Beb
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Bgvg Beb wknve hynix me©cÖ_g nv`x‡mi Dci e„n`vKvi MÖš’vw` iPbv K‡ib| G QvovI Bgvg kvÔex, Bgvg
gvKûj, Bgvg mvwjg Beb Avãyjøvn (in.) cÖgyL G wel‡q Ae`vb iv‡Lb e‡j DwjøwLZ n‡q‡Q|
8. Av.b.g BKevj †nvmvBb39 I G.†K.Gg. gwdRyj Bmjvg40 KZ©„K iwPZ Òmnxûj eyLvixi e¨vL¨vMÖš’vw`:
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371
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gynvwÏ‡mi ivq D‡jøL BZ¨vw` wel‡q PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb|
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cwÎKvi 14k LÐ , 1g msL¨v, wW‡m¤î 2007 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
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ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, ZvKixeyZ& Zvnhxe, wjmvbyj gxhvb, Avj-BmvevZz dx Zvgxwhm mvnvev I byhnvZzj
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372
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n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ: hviv bex (mv.) †_‡K mivmwi wKsev Acivci mvnvexi ga¨‡g nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
wØZxqZ: wkï mvnvex hv‡ì fv‡jv-g›` cv_©‡Kï eqm nqwb| Z…ZxqZ: hviv Rvwnwj I Bmjvgx hyM
†c‡q‡Qb| PZz_©Z: Ab¨vb¨ MÖ‡š’ aviYv cÖm~Z fzj K‡i mvnvex e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q; Zv‡ì mvnvex bv
nIqv wZwb cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb| Zvui G MÖ‡š’ 12267 Rb nv`xm eY©bv Kvixi Rxebx Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q|
12. W. gynv¤§` Rvwn`yj Bmjvg 47 KZ…©K iwPZ Ònv`xm kv‡¯¿ Beb Ave` Avj-evi Gi Ae`vb: GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbvÓ kxl©K M‡elYv cÖeÜwU Rvb©vj Ae W. wmivRyj nK BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi, M‡elYv cwÎKvi
msL¨v 10-11 (RyjvB-wW‡m¤î) 2014 I (Rvbyqvwi-Ryb) 2015 wLªóv‡ã cÖKvwkZ nq|
ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ cÖe‡Ü 368 wnRix‡Z †¯ú‡bi K‡W©vfvq Rb¥MÖnY Kiv GKRb ÿYRb¥v KvjRqx gbxlx,
weij cÖwZfv, Bmjvgx Áv‡bi RM‡Z GK D¾¡j bÿÎ Bgvg Beb Ave` Avj-evi (in.) Gi mswÿß Rxeb
I nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvui Ae`vb cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z: D³ cÖe‡Ü Bgvg Beb Ave` Avj-evi (in.)
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BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-2:1, Ryb-1993 wLª., Bwe|
 W. G. †K. Gg. b~iæj Avjg I W. †gvnv¤§` AvdvR DÏxb, Bjgyj Rin IqvZ Zv`xj: DrcwË I
µgweKvk aviv, w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-5:1, wW‡m¤î 1996 wLª., Bwe|
 W. G. GBP. Gg. BqvnBqv ingvb, Avjøvgv wbqvh gvL`yg: evsjv‡`‡k nv`xm wkÿvq Zvi Ae`vb,
w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-7:1, wW‡m¤î 1998 wLª., Bwe|
 W. †gvnv¤§` AvdvR DÏxb, nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Dr‡cÖÿY wbY©‡q wiRvj kv‡¯¿i ZË¡ I m~Î wePvi, w_IjwR GÐ
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-7:1, wW‡m¤î 1998 wLª., Bwe|
 Aveyj Lv‡qi gynv¤§` Iqvjx Djøvn , nv`x‡mi cwifvlv I †gŠjbxwZ welqK MÖš’cÄx : GKwU mgxÿv,
w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-7:1, wW‡m¤î 1998 wLª., Bwe|
 †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg, Inx I nv`x‡m Kz`mx: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR,
fwjDg-7:1, wW‡m¤î 1998 wLª., Bwe|
 Aveyj Lv‡qi gynv¤§` IqvjxDjøvn I W. gynv¤§` gyRvw¤§j Avjx, im~j (mv.) Gi hy‡M nv`xm
wjwce×KiY I msKjb, w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-9:1, wW‡m¤î 2000 wLª., Bwe|
 W. gynv¤§` †mvjvqgvb, gnvbexi cÎevnK `~ZMY: Bmjv‡g Zv‡ì Ae`vb, w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK
÷vwWR, fwjDg-10:1, Ryb-2001 wLª., Bwe|
 Av.b.g. BKevj †nvmvBb I G. †K. Gg. b~iæj Bmjvg, bvmL I nv`x‡mi bvwmL-gvbmyL AwfÁvb: GKwU
ch©v‡jvPbv, w_IjwR GÐ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-13:1, wW‡m¤î 2006 wLª., Bwe|
 W. G. we. Gg. wQwÏKzi ingvb AvkÖvdx I W. gynv¤§` Awj Djøvn, nv`xmyj Mvi: gywgb Rxe‡b Gi
cÖfve, `¨v KyiAvwbK ÷vwWR, fwjDg-5:2, wW‡m¤î 2014 wLª., Bwe|
47 mnKvix Aa¨vcK, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|

48 cÖ‡dmi Av. e. g. mvBdzj Bmjvg wmÏxKx, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq BwZnvm I HwZn¨, cÖv¸³, c„. 287-307
373
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evsjv fvlvq Bjwg nv`xm M‡elYvi ch©v‡jvPbvq eZ©gvb M‡el‡Ki AbymÜ‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, G hver evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm welqK •ewPÎ¨gq wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ wel‡q Bjwg nv`x‡mi M‡elYv Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q
Xvwei BmjvwgK ÷vwWR I Aviex wefv‡M Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q 23 Rb‡K| ivwe
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR I Aviex wefv‡M Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q 15 Rb‡K| Pwei BmjvwgK
÷vwWR I Aviex wefv‡M Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q 06 Rb‡K| Bwei Avj-KyiAvb, Avj-
nv`xm, I `vIqvn G¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR Ges Aviex wefv‡M Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q
46 Rb‡K; wKš‘ bexb wek¦we`¨vjq wn‡m‡e G wel‡q RMbœv‡_ GLb ch©šÍ †Kvb M‡elYvKg© cwijwÿZ
nqwb| G QvovI evsjv fvlvq M‡elYv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Bjwg nv`xm welqK cÖeÜ ch©v‡jvPbvq eZ©gvb
M‡el‡Ki AbymÜ‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, G wel‡q w` XvKv BDwbfvwm©wU Rvb©vj Ae BmjvwgK ÷vwW‡R 1wU;
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki M‡elYv cwÎKvq 26wU; ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi M‡elYv cwÎKvq (Kjv
Abyl`) 13wU; ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Islamic Studies Reserch Journal G 3
wU Ges Kzwóqv BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKvq Ghver 26wU M‡elYv cÖeÜ cÖKvwk n‡q‡Q|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ M‡elYvi ch©v‡jvPbvq G Aa¨v‡q AbymÜv‡b cÖvß †gv‡Ui Dci 90wU Gg.wdj I
wcGBP.wW. M‡elYv Awfm›`f© Ges 69wU M‡elYv cÖ‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
5.3 cÖwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYv

1. BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k
Bmjvg a‡g©i cÖPvi-cÖmvi I eyw×e„wËK DrKl© mva‡bi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb ¯’cwZ RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz
†kL gywReyi ingvb 1975 mv‡ji 22 gvP© GK Aa¨v‡`ke‡j ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡ÛkbÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges 28
gvP© ÔBmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb G¨v±Õ cÖYxZ nq| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi cÖavb Kvh©vjq AvMviMvuI -G Aew¯’Z|
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv wefv‡Mi g‡a¨ M‡elYv wefvM Ab¨Zg| G wefv‡Mi Aaxb Bmjv‡gi
†g․wjK I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welqmn nv`xm kv¯¿xq D”PZi M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Zv‡ì M‡elYvi
Ab¨Zg ewntcÖKvk Bdvev •ÎgvwmK M‡elYv cwÎKv| M‡elYv wefv‡Mi M‡elYv jä Ávb cÖKvkbv wefv‡Mi
gva¨‡g Rbm¤§y‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq| Zv‡ì M‡elYvg~jK cÖKvkbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU wb‡¤œ
cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
1. nv`xm PP©vq gwnjv mvnvex‡ì Ae`vb; W. †gvt kwdKzj Bmjvg
2. nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (iv) nv`x‡m Zuvi Ae`vb; Avjøvgv Ave`yj gybBg mvwjn Avj-Avjx Avj-Bhvhx
3. Bgvg Be‡b gvRvn nv`xm PP©vq Zuvi Ae`vb; W.G.†K Gg Ave`yj jwZd
4. nhiZ Avbvm Be gvwjK (iv.) Rxeb I Kg©; W. †gvt RvwKi †nv‡mb
5. Bjg nv`x‡m fviZxq Dc-gnv‡`‡ki Ae`vb; W. †gvnv¤§` GQnvK
6. wiRvj kv¯¿ I Rvj nv`x‡mi BwZe„Ë; W. gynv¤§` Rvgvj DwÏb
7. Bgvg Zvnvfx (in) Gi Rxeb I Kg©; W. gynv¤§` kdxKzjøvn
8. Bmjvgx kixqvn I mybœvn; W. gymZvdv ûmbx Avm-myevqx
9.mxivZ wek¦‡Kvl (11LÐ)
10.BmjvwgK wek¦‡Kvl, cÖf…wZ|
374
2.BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi evsjv‡`k

BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi evsjv‡`k XvKvi emyÜiv AvevwmK GjvKv eøK-wW †Z Aew¯’Z GKwU RvZxq ch©v‡qi
D”PZi BmjvwgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb| wewkó Avwjg, dwKûj wgjøvZ gydwZ Avãyi ingvb (1820-1915wLª.)
Gi cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb| wZwb fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmv †_‡K nv`xm I wdKn wel‡q Mfxi Ávb
AR©b †k‡l PÆMÖv‡gi cwUqv RvwgÕqv gvìvmv `xN©w`b Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Gici 1991 mv‡j XvKvi evwiavivq
Aew¯’Z emyÜiv AvevwmK GjvKvq M‡elYv cÖwZôvbwUi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib| 2015 mv‡j g„Zz¨ ch©šÍ wZwb G
cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡iZ wQ‡jb| Zvi B‡šÍKv‡ji ci †R¨ô cyÎ gydwZ Avikv` ivngvbx `vwqZ¡
fvi MÖnY K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Rbve ingvbx BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uv‡ii cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|
BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi evsjv‡`k Gi wkÿv`vb Kvh©µg I wefvMmg~n n‡jv-
1. AvZ-ZvLvmmym wdj wdKwnj Bmjvgx (D”PZi Bmjvgx AvBb I d‡Zvqv wefvM)
2. AvZ-ZvLvmmym wd Dj~wgj nv`xm (D”PZi nv`xm M‡elYv wefvM)
3. AvZ-ZvLvmmym wd Dj~wgZ Zvdmxi (D”PZi Zvdmxi wefvM)
4. AvZ-ZvLvmmym wdj wK¡ivÕAvZ Iqvj wK¡ivÕAvwZm mveAvÕ (D”PZi wKivÕAvZ wefvM)
5. AvZ-ZvLvmmym wdj BKwZmvw`j Bmjvgx Iqvj eyb~K (D”PZi Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ I e¨vswKs wefvM)
eZ©gv‡b G M‡elYv cÖwZôvbwUi D”PZi nv`xm wefv‡Mi cÖavb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb wewkó gynvwÏm
gydwZ iwdKzj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx| kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e Av‡Qb gydwZ Avikv` ingvbx| Gi evB‡i
Av‡iv cÖwm× K‡qKRb gynvwÏm n‡jb- gydwZ Gbvgyj nK Kv‡mgx, gydwZ mynvBj, gydwZ Avãym mvjvg,
gydwZ Avey mvw`K Kv‡mgx cÖg~L| BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi †_‡K ÔAvj-AveiviÕ bv‡g gvwmK M‡elYvg~jK
GKwU mvgwqKx cÖKvk Kiv nq| G‡Z nv`xm welqK GKwU Avjv`v wefvM i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov cÖwZeQi nv`xm
wefv‡Mi wkÿv_©xiv Bjg nv`xm mswkøó wel‡q evnvm ev w_wmm iPbv K‡i _v‡Kb| hwÌ AwaKvsk w_wmm
Aviex‡Z iwPZ nq Z‡e evsjv fvlvqI Bjwg nv`x‡mi Dci wKQz M‡elYvg~jK KvR m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
h_v- hvKvwiqv (in.) Gi iwPZ ÔZvejxM RvgvÕAv‡Zi wbqwgZ cvV¨ eB Ôdvhv‡q‡j AvÕgvjÕ G msKwjZ
nv`xm¸‡jvi ZvLwiR ev M‡elYvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv gvwmK Avj-Aveiv‡i avivevwnK fv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
G Qvov evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KvUve‡bi M‡elYv wefvM †_‡K wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYv cÎ cÖKvk K‡i
Avm‡Q| G hver `kwU M‡elYv c‡Îi mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU nv`xm welqK| ZvQvov wewfbœ
cÖKvkbx wew”Qbœfv‡e wKQz M‡elYv MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i Avm‡Q|
DwjøwLZ (mßg) Aa¨v‡qi ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK AbymÜ‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, G hver evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK
•ewPÎ¨gq wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ wel‡q nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYv Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ
wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z cÖvß Gg.wdj 40wU I wcGBP.wW. 50wU me©‡gvU 90wU M‡elYv Awfm›`‡f©i ch©v‡jvPbv I
we‡kølY Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov evsjv fvlvq M‡elYv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ 68wU nv`xm welqK M‡elYv
cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ M‡elYv cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nv`xm
welqK M‡elYvMÖš’‡K ch©v‡jvPbvi AvIZvf~³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| DwjøwLZ we‡køl‡Y nv`xm, Dm~jj nv`xm I
wiRvjkv¯¿ Ges nv`xm m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q D”PZi M‡elYv w_wmm ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘
G AÂ‡j hviv nv`xm e‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Qb, MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb, hv‡ì Ae`vb I avivevwnKZvq G †`‡ki
wewfbœ avivi wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Av‡jv we”QzwiZ n‡”Q, nv`xmkv‡¯¿ Zv‡ì Kg©ZrciZv AbymÜvb I
g~j¨vqb bv Kiv n‡j M‡elYvwU Ac~Y©v½ †_‡K hvq| m½Z Kvi‡Y cieZx© (‡kl) Aa¨v‡q evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ
nv`xmwe`M‡Yi evsjv fvlvq PP©vq Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vq‡bi cÖvqvm Pvjv‡bv n‡e|
375
evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjvfvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb
Aóg Aa¨vq
evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi

mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vq Zuv‡ì Ae`vb
376
Aóg Aa¨vq
evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ I evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb
evsjv‡`k nv`xm PP©vi GKwU De©i f~wg| G f~wg‡Z evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` m„wó‡Z cÖavbZ wZb avivi
(Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq) wkÿvcÖwZôvb Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK avivi eû c~e© †_‡KB G
†`‡k nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v n‡q Avm‡Q| Z‡e wkÿveë¯’vq ivR‣bwZK cÖfve Ab¯^xKvh©| wkÿveë¯’vi Dci
e„wUkc~e© hy‡M dvmx©, cieZx©‡Z Bs‡iwR, cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j D`©~ I Zvic‡i evsjv fvlvi cÖZ¨ÿ cÖfve wQj
`„k¨gvb| e„wUkc~e© fviZxq Dcgnv‡`k (1204-1857) mv‡o QqkZ eQ‡ii †ekx mgq gymwjg kvmb
ejer wQj| Aciw`‡K KziAvb-nv`x‡mi fvlv Aviex, Avi ivóªxq fvlv dvmx© _vKvi Kvi‡Y HwZwn¨Kfv‡e
Bmjvgx wkÿvavivq eû hyM c~e© †_‡KB Aviex-dvmx© †gjeÜ‡b Ges cieZ©x‡Z Aviex-D`©~ gva¨‡g PP©v n‡Z
_v‡K| wKš‘ G AÂ‡ji gvbyl kZ kZ eQi a‡i gvZ„fvlv evsjvq K_v e‡j g‡bi fve cÖKvk K‡i Avm‡Q|
ZvB gvìvmv wkÿvq Ab¨ fvlvi cÖfve _vK‡jI gvZ…fvlv wn‡m‡e evsjvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY
n‡Zv bv GUv ejv Am¤¢e| Z‡e evqv‡bœi fvlv Av‡›`vjb G †`‡ki wkÿv½b‡K `viæYfv‡e Av‡›`vwjZ K‡i|
KviY gvZ„fvlvi Rb¨ i³`vb c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| BwZnv‡mi avivevwnKZvq ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi ch©vqµ‡g
gvìvmv wkÿv cÖwZôvb¸‡jv‡ZI evsjv fvlvq cVb, cvVb I Aa¨vcbv ïiæ nq| Z‡e †K ev Kviv cÖ_‡g
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v ïiæ K‡ib Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejv gykwKj|
gvVch©vq AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q †`Lv †M‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki Avwjqv avivq me©cÖ_g 1929 mv‡j gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§`
AvRgx e¨w³K D‡`¨v‡M cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e nv`xmmn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q evsjv fvlvq cvV`vb cÖPj‡bi cÖ‡Póv
Pvwj‡q wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz Avwjqv aviv ïiæ †_‡KB miKvi ¯^xK„Z I Aby`vbcÖvß gvìvmv, ‡m‡nZz G avivq
1949 mv‡j evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© cÖwZwôZ n‡q mKj Avwjqv gvìvmv¸‡jv GwKf~Z Ki‡jI ZLb
ch©šÍ G avivq gvZ…fvlv cÖvq D‡cwÿZ wQj; wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi 1978 mv‡j miKvwifv‡e gvìvmv
wkÿv‡evW© AwW©b¨vÝ Rvwi nIqvi ci †_‡K †ev‡W©i Aaxb KvwiKzjvg I wm‡jevm cÖYqb, cixÿvMÖnY I
wkÿvi gvb wbqš¿Y Kvh©µg ch©vqµ‡g ïiæ n‡q Avm‡Q| ZvB ejv hvq, †evW© cÖwZôv nIqvi c~‡e© †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv e¨w³K wKsev cÖvwZôvwbK D‡`¨v‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi m~Pbv nq| †evW© cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K
Avwjqv avivi gvìvmv RM‡Z evsjv fvlvi PP©vi (cVb, cvVb I cixÿv MÖnY) m~Pbv aiv n‡jI ev¯Í‡e Zv
Òevsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv †evW© AwW©b¨vÝÓ Rvwii ci †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i Zv e¨vcKnv‡i ïiæ nq|
Aciw`‡K gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dix`cyix KIgx avivi A‡bK gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges evsjv fvlvq eû
MÖš’ e½vbyev` K‡ib| G Qvov ZviB †cÖiYvq kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK cÖ_g c~Y©v½ eyLvix kixd
e½vbyev` K‡ib Ges AmsL¨ nv`xmwekvi` m„wó‡Z f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zv Qvov nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi
gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kdx D`~©wgwkÖZ evsjv Ges gvIjvbv Rybv‡q` eveybMix m¤ú~Y© evsjv fvlvq Aa¨vcbvi
gva¨‡g A‡bK gynvwÏm m„wó‡Z Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| Z‡e cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq cVb-cvV‡bi †ÿ‡Î
me©cÖ_g gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviCqvi wcÖwÝc¨vj gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| ax‡i ax‡i
Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv dwi` DÏxb gvmD`, gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqvn, gvIjvbv BmnvK
dwi`xmn A‡b‡KB KIgx A½‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq f~wgKv iv‡Lb| d‡j KIgx wkÿvavivq GKwesk
kZvwãi †Mvovi w`‡K evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v ïiæ n‡q eZ©gv‡b cÖwm× cÖvq mKj gvìvmvq Zv Pvjy i‡q‡Q|
wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm cVb-cvV‡bi cvkvcvwk weÁ nv`xmwe`M‡Yi ZË¡veav‡b G welqK D”PZi M‡elYvKg©
(Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.) m¤úvw`Z n‡”Q| ZvB wb‡¤œ mKj aviv (Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq) †_‡K evQvBK…Z
evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi (cÖqvZ‡ì g„Zz¨ mv‡ji µgvbymv‡i Ges RxweZ‡ì Rb¥ mv‡ji
avivevwnKZvq) mswÿß Rxebe„ËvšÍ Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`v‡bi eY©bv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
377
K. cÖqvZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb

evsjv‡`‡k evsjvfvlx †h mKj nv`xmwe‡ì (1952-eZ©gvb) evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ cVb-cvVb, M‡elYv,
cÖPvi-cÖmvi, MÖš’cÖYqb Ges nv`xm wkÿvcÖwZôvb ¯’vc‡b Ae`vb i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖL¨vZ K‡qK R‡bi
mswÿß Rxebv‡jL¨ I Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© wb‡¤œ ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡jv-
gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` m›Øxcx (in.) [1882-1955 wLª.]
Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g kvqLyj nv`xm, hyM‡kÖô ms¯‥viK, gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` m›Øxcx (in.)
PÆMÖv‡gi m›`¦x‡c 1300 wnRix †gvZv‡eK 1882 mv‡j GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
wcZv gvIjvbv byi eLm (in.) wQ‡jb GKRb wewkó Avwj‡g Øxb|1
wkÿvRxeb : gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` ¯^xq wcZvi wbKU cÖv_wgK wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci gvÎ GMv‡iv
eQi eq‡m D”P wkÿv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ my`~i fviZ Mgb K‡ib| 1893 mv‡j GB we‡`¨vrmvnx Ávb wccvmy
gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` (in.) wK‡kvi eq‡mB `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì kvqLyj nv`xm, ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡bi
AMÖbvqK, kvqLyj wn›` gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x (in.) Gi mvwbœa¨ jv‡f ab¨ nb| wZwb Zvi
kÖ×vfvRb wkÿK‡ì mxgvnxb †¯œn-gvqvq Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq AeMvnb K‡i Zv‡Z eyrcwË AR©b K‡ib
Ges 1905 mv‡j nv`xm I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ D”PZi mb` jvf K‡ib| wZwb QvÎ Rxe‡b Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi
ÁvbvR©‡bi cvkvcvwk ZvmvIDd kv‡¯¿i cÖwZI g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q wZwb gvIjvbv ikx`
Avng` Ms¸nx (in.) Gi wbKU Ava¨vwZ¥K `xÿv jvf K‡ib| Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji c‡i wZwb kvqLyj wn›`
gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`xi (in.) wbKU n‡Z evqvZ MÖnY K‡ib Ges wLjvdZ cÖvß nb|2
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1905 mv‡j gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` n‡Z nv`xm
kv‡¯¿ D”PZi Ávb jvf K‡i ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| AZtci `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix
gvìvmvi Ab¨Zg cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv RgxiæÏxb (in.) Gi civg‡k© D³ gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡`
‡hvM`vb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb GKvav‡i cÖvq 35 eQi hver wbôvi mv‡_ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ
_v‡Kb| Zuvi nv`xm cvV`vb wQj wecyj mvov RvMv‡bv, AZ¨šÍ RbwcÖq; hv g~jZ nv`xm PP©vi gq`v‡b GK
Af~Zc~e© wecø‡ei m„wó K‡i‡Q| c~e© evsjvq wZwbB me©cÖ_g e¨w³Z¡, hvi AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡g AvR me©Î nv`x‡m
beexi myevm aviv cÖevwnZ n‡”Q, evsjvi cÖwZwU Rbc‡` Inxi Áv‡bi †R¨vwZ we”QzwiZ n‡”Q| wZwb `xN© cÖvq
wZb hyM hver `viæj Dj~g nvUnvRvixi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l (nvUnvRvixi) AbwZ`~‡i
Pvwiqvq Kv‡mgyj Dj~g gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Rxe‡bi †kl gyûZ© ch©šÍ kvqLyj nv`xm I
cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbvq eªZx _v‡Kb|3 evsjv‡`‡k we‡klZ: `viæj Dj~g nvUnvRvixi cÖ_g
kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v, M‡elYv I evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` m„wó‡Z Zuvi Z¨vM I Ae`vb
Ab¯^xKvh©; KviY G gnvb kvqLyj nv`xm nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq 35 eQi Ges Pvwiqv gvìvmvq 17 eQi †gvU
52 eQ‡i mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g evsjvfvlx AmsL¨ nv`xmwe` •Zwi K‡i‡Qb|
hviv cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡KB evsjvi cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm cVb-cvVb I PP©vq
Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Ges ivL‡Qb| Zvi avivevwnKZvq ¯^xq wkÿv_x©‡ì ci¤úivq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Áv‡bi gkvj
‡_‡K AbšÍKvje¨vcx Inxi Av‡jv wejv‡eb evsjvi cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j| G meB g~jZ: ZviB K…wZZ¡|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D¾¡j bÿÎ, evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g gynvwÏm, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv mvC` Avng`
wnRix 1375 †gvZv‡eK 1957 mv‡j gnvb cÖfzi ing‡Zi QvqvZ‡j AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| Pvwiqv gvìvmvi
`wÿY cv‡k¦© Zv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|4
1 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rybv‡q` eveybMix, Ô`viæjDj~g nvUnvRvix I Bj‡g nv`xQÕ, gvwmK gCbyj Bmjvg, PÆMÖvg: `viæjDj~g gCbyj Bmjvg
nvUnvRvix gvìvmv, msL¨v-GwcÖj, 1995wLª., c„.20
2 cÖv¸³
3 nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, Avgiv hv‡ì DËimyix, XvKv: Avj-KvDmvi cÖKvkbx, 2009wLª,. c„. 191; cÖv¸³, c„.21
4 nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„.192
378
gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) [1901-1963 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) dwi`cyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z bMiKv›`v (eZ©gvb mvj_v)
_vbvaxb ivgKvšÍcyi BDwbq‡bi evwniw`qv MÖv‡g AvbygvwbK 1901 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv L›`Kvi
gynv¤§` mìæÏxb| •kke †_‡KB Zvi g‡a¨ DbœZ •bwZKZv I gvbexq DËg ¸Yvejxi Ac~e© mgv‡ek
N‡UwQj| wZwb Zuvi ¯^fve myjf gvayh©c~Y© AvjvcPvwiZv, AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡, Pjb-ejb I e¨wZµgag©x
AvPi‡Yi ms¯ú‡k© cvov-cowkmn mK‡ji `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib|5
wkÿvRxeb : g~jZ: GKRb gv-B wkïi wkÿvR©‡bi cÖ_g cvVkvjv| Lye Aí eq‡mB evjK Avãyj Avhxh
Zvi gv‡qi wbKU †_‡K KziAv‡bi ZvÔjxg MÖnY K‡ib, cÖ‡qvRbxq mKj m~iv-wKivZ AvZ¥¯’ K‡ib|
gvZ…‡¯œ‡n wkÿvMÖnY Kv‡jB Zvi †gav, Zxÿè ¯§„wZkw³ I myß cÖwZfvi ùziY cwijwÿZ nq| cÖv_wgK e„wË
cixÿvq Ask wb‡q wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ e„wË jvf K‡ib| gvIjvbvi AmvaviY †gav, ¯§„wZkw³ I mylgvgwÐZ
AvPvi-AvPviY I wkóvPvi mg„× PwiÎ gvay‡h©i gva¨‡g ivgKvšÍcyi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK-wkÿv_x© I
mgv‡Ri †jvK‡ì wegy» K‡i mK‡ji wcÖqcv‡Î cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Gici gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh gva¨wgK
wkÿvMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ bMiKv›`v Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_vq wZwb mßg †kÖwY ch©šÍ wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib|
AvbygvwbK 1917 mv‡j wZwb XvKvi †RjLvbv †iv‡Wi cvk¦©¯’ Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| ZLb XvKv
Bmjvwgqv (Avwjqv) gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ wQ‡jb kvgmyj Djvgv Avãyj Iqvwn` (in.)| AZtci wZwb 1923
mv‡j nv`xm kv‡¯¿ ey¨rcwË AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki AšÍM©Z mvnvivbcyi †Rjvi Ôgvhvwni-G
Dj~gÕ gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_v ‡_‡K cÖvwZôvwbK †jLvcov †kl K‡i wZwb wek¦weL¨vZ Øxbx we`¨vcxV `viæj
Dj~g †Ìe‡›` fwZ© nb Ges `xN© w`b hver Zvdmxi I nv`xm wel‡q M‡elYvg~jK Aa¨qb K‡i D”PZi wWwMÖ
jvf K‡ib| Zvi cÖwm× wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv Lwjj Avng` mvnvivbcyix (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb
Kv‡gjcyix (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd (in.), gvIjvbv gydZx Bbv‡qZ Bjvnx (in.), gvIjvbv Avmv`yjøvn
Lvb (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv hvKvwiqv (in.), gvIjvbv wmÏxK Avng` (in.) Ges `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe‡›` Zvi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨-kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) I
gvIjvbv Beivnxg evjqvfx (in.) cÖgyL we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|6
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) 1932 gZvšÍ‡i 1933 mv‡j `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe‡›ì wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K ¸iæ gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfxi (in.) AbygwZµ‡g †`‡k
wd‡i cÖ_‡g eªvþYevwoqvi Rvwgqv BDbywmqvq wZb eQi hver nv`xm, Zvdmxi, wdKn, gvbwZK, dvjmvdvmn
bvbvwea kv¯¿ cvV`vb K‡ib| 1941 mv‡j dwi`cyi †Rjvi bMiKv›`v _vbvaxb evwniw`qvi wbSzg cjøx‡Z
cÖwZôv K‡ib ÔRvwgqv Bmjvwgqv AvwRwRqvÕ| G gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mxgvnxb Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡ib Ges
AvRxeb wZwb G cÖwZôv‡bB nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`vb K‡i ‡M‡Qb| Zvi wewkó QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb,
gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx, bv‡qe gynZvwgg, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv AvwRwRqv; gvIjvbv AvKivg Avjx, gynvwÏm,
dwi`cy‡ii Lvevkcyi gvìvmv; gvIjvbv Rûiæj nK, gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm, Rvwgqv Avivweqv wbhvgyj
Dj~g gvìvmv; gvIjvbv myjvBgvb I gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avngv`, gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv AvwRwRqv;
gvIjvbv •Zqëyi ingvb, Aa¨ÿ, gvRov Avwjqv gvìvmv; gvIjvbv Kvqmvi Avjx, gynZvwgg, g‡qbw`qv
Bg`v`yj Dj~g KIgx gvìvmv cÖgyL|7 nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GB gnvb mvaK Zvi Rxe‡bi my`xN© 30 eQi mxgvnxb
Z¨vM I cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q nv`x‡mi cVb-cvVb I cÖPv‡ii ga¨w`‡q eû evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` m„wó K‡i G
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
BwšÍKvj : cÖPvi wegyL ÁvbmvaK, nv`xmwekvi` gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) 1963 mv‡j G aiv †Q‡o gnvb
i‡ei mvÿv‡Z P‡j hvb| Zvi wcÖq cÖwZôvb Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv AvwRwRqvi cv‡k¦©B Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|8
5 †iRvDj nK gynv¤§` Ave`yjøvn, Avjøvgv Ave`yj Avhxh (in.) : Rxeb I Kg©, dwi`cyi: d‡Znvev` dvD‡Ûkb, 2009, c„. 19
6 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„.22-25
7 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„.33-37
8 cÖv¸³, c„.80
379
gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg (in.) [1896-1967 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : L¨vwZgvb nv`xmwekvi`, wbwf©K weZvwK©K, weÁ Aviexwe`, dL‡i ev½vj bv‡g L¨vZ
gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg eªvþYevwoqv †Rjvi bvwmibMi Dc‡Rjv¯’ fzeb MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ Avwjg cwiev‡i
1896 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi Avjx| wZwb †m hy‡Mi GKRb wbf©i‡hvM¨
I cÖwm× Avwjg wQ‡jb|9
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi Avjx Zuvi wcÖq cyÎ‡K •kk‡e ¯’vbxq we`¨vj‡q fwZ© K‡ib| Avð‡h©i welq
n‡jvÑ evjK ZvRyj Bmjvg gvÎ bq gv‡mi g‡a¨ 6ô †kÖwY ch©šÍ evsjv, AsK, Bs‡iwR I e¨vKiYmn mKj
cvV¨cy¯ÍK Av`¨cvšÍ gyL¯’ K‡i †d‡jb| evjK ZvRy‡ji AmvaviY ¯§„wZkw³ I Zx² †gav Dcjwã K‡i Zvi
wcZv Zv‡K cvk¦eZx© †RUv MÖv‡gi gvIjvbv Avãyj Kix‡gi ms¯ú‡k© ‡i‡L cÖv_wgK wKZvevw` wkÿv`v‡bi
eë¯’v K‡ib| AZtci wZwb kÖxNi gvìvmvq Ges cieZx©‡Z wm‡j‡Ui (eZ©gvb nweMÄ †Rjv) evûej
gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q K‡qK eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1918 mv‡j wm‡jU Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Rvgv‡Z Djvi
(dvwhj †kÖwYi) †K›`ªxq cixÿvq wZwb †gavZvwjKvq cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| AZtci wZwb
wLjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b Rwo‡q c‡ob| wKQzw`b c‡i D”Pwkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb 1919 mv‡j fvi‡Zi †Ìe›`
Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb Pvi eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, wZwb †Ìe‡›` Aa¨qbKv‡j mb`mn
K‡qK nvRvi nv`xm I weL¨vZ wdKn MÖš’ Òwn`vqvÓ m¤ú~Y© gyL¯’ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi nv`x‡mi wkÿKM‡Yi
g‡a¨ gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvwk¥ix, mvweŸi Avngv` Dmgvbx, Beªvnxg evjxqvex (in.) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
1923 mv‡j `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì P~ovšÍ cixÿvq gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg (in.) 1g wefv‡M 1g ¯’vb
AwaKvi Ki‡j Zv‡K gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvwk¥ix (in.) Z_vq wkÿK nIqvi cÖ¯Íve w`‡qwQ‡jb; wKš‘
kvqL Zvi wcZvi Aby‡iva we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡K we`vq †`b| Kw_Z Av‡Q †h, we`vq ‡ejv Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i
Kvwk¥ix (in.) e‡jb, Ò`viæj Dj~‡gi Ávb fvÐvi ZvRyj Bmjv‡gi m‡½ evsjvq P‡j hv‡”QÓ|10
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : ‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci wKQzw`b wZwb Kzwgjøvi myqvMvRx gvìvmvq
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib| AZtci 1923 mv‡j wZwb Kzwgjøv¯’ Rvwgqv wgwjøqvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` mnxn
eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1926 mv‡j eªvþYevwoqv Rvwgqv BDbywmqv gvìvmvi
Aa¨‡ÿi c` k~b¨ n‡j cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv BDbym (in.) GKRb my‡hvM¨ Aa¨ÿ AbymÜvb KiwQ‡jb| G
w`‡K dL‡i ev½v‡ji Kzwgjøv Rvwgqv wgwjøqv ‡Q‡o P‡j Avmvi msev` †c‡q gvIjvbv BDbym cÎ‡hv‡M D³
c‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges wZwb Zv mv`‡i m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib| AZtci Zvi Dci gvìvmv
cwiPvjvbvi `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq| ZLb †_‡KB eªvþYevwoqv gvìvmvi BwZnv‡m GK bZzb Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv
nq|11 d‡j Aíw`‡bi eëav‡b D³ cÖwZôvbwU †`‡ki Ab¨Zg †miv we`¨vcx‡V DbœxZ nq| gvIjvbv ZvRyj
Bmjvg D³ c‡` BwšÍKvj ch©šÍ my`xN© 42 eQi AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi mv‡_ myPviæiƒ‡c wbR `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib
Ges kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡mi wKZve Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| Zvi my`xN© wkÿKvZv
Rxe‡b gynvwÏm I Avwjg •Zwi K‡i‡Qb| Zvi AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Rvwgqv BDbywmqvi gynvwÏm gvIjvbv Avãyj RveŸvi, gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn, gy³vMvQv Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖavb
gynvwÏm gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx` cÖgyL| G QvovI wZwb Kvw`qvbx‡ì weiæ‡× weZK© I IqvR-bwmn‡Zi gva¨‡g
KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Ávb cÖPvi-cÖmvi Ges AvšÍR©vwZK cwigÐ‡j wewfbœ †mwgbv‡i e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡i Bmjv‡gi
mygnvb Av`k© Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Kw_Z Av‡Q,Òwgm‡ii ivRavbx Kvq‡iv‡Z GK m‡¤§j‡b Zvi mviMf©
Av‡jvPbvq gy» n‡q KZ…©cÿ Zv‡K Ônvwd‡h nv`xmÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡ib|Ó12
9 gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, Rvwgqv BDbywQqv eªv²Yevwoqvi kZel© cywZ© ¯§viK, eªv²Yevwoqv: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv BDbywmqv
eªv²Yevwoqv, 2015wLª., c„.95
10 gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, evsjvi kZ Av‡j‡gi RxebK_v, XvKv: eB Ni, 2014 wLª., c„.139; we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„.96-100
11 we.`ª.: gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„.107-109; cÖv¸³, c„.40
12 cÖv¸³, c„.111
380
BwšÍKvj : evsjvi †M․ie gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg (in.) 1967 wLª 3 GwcÖj †mvgevi 71 eQi eq‡m
BwšÍKvj K‡ib|13
gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb (in.) [1875-1967 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb (in) 1875 mv‡j Puv`cyi †Rjvi knigvjx‡Z GK Øxb`vi cwiev‡i
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvm‡jg DÏxb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ Øxb`vi ci‡nhMvi e¨w³ wQ‡jb| Zuvi
Av¤§vRvbI wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ c`©vbkxb, Av‡e`v, hv‡n`v I gnxqmx igbx| 14
wkÿvRxeb : gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb evj¨Kv‡j Zuvi PvPv‡Zv fvB‡ì Kv‡Q cov‡jLv ïiæ K‡ib| †m mgq
†bvqvLvjxi wgqv mv‡ne bv‡g L¨vZ GKRb wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡QI wZwb †jLvcov K‡ib| •kk‡e wkïmyjf GK
AvPi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q Zuvi Rxe‡b Av‡m GK •ecøweK cwieZ©b, hv Avjøvn cv‡Ki KzìZ •e-Avi wKQz bq|
Kw_Z Av‡Q, GKw`b wZwb wcVv evbv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z Pv‡ji ¸ov Mv‡q †g‡LwQ‡jb Avi ejwQ‡jb, Mv‡q
cvDWvi w`w”Q| Zvi Av¤§v G `„k¨ †`L‡Z †c‡q Zuv‡K Zvov K‡ib| G Zvov †L‡q wZwb Avi N‡i †d‡ibwb|
P‡j hvb `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›`| †mLv‡b `xN© GK hy‡MiI †ewk mgq Ae¯’vb K‡i wZwb Bmjvgx
ÁvbfvÐv‡ii wewfbœ kvLvq eyrcwË AR©b K‡ib| Gici nvKxgyj D¤§Z gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbex (in.)
Gi LvbKvq Qq gvm ev Zvi †P‡q wKQz †ewk w`b Ae¯’vb K‡ib| G mgq Zvi gv‡qi Amy¯’vi Lei †c‡q
_vbexi (in.) AbygwZ µ‡g wZwb evwo G‡m †`‡Lb, Zvi †¯œngqx gv AÜ n‡q †M‡Qb| ZLb wZwb †`vqv
c‡o Zuvi gv‡qi †Pv‡L dzuK w`‡j mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvi †PvL `„wó wd‡i cvq| wkÿv Rxe‡b wZwb †hme ¸Yx
wkÿK‡ì ms¯ú‡k© †_‡K Øx‡bi Mfxi ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨- gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x;
gvIjvbv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvwk¥ix; gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbex I gvIjvbv BqvKze bvbyZzex (in.) cÖgyL|15
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : e„nËi †bvqvLvjx AÂ‡j cÖ_gw`‡K †h KRb nv`xmwekvi` nv`xmkv¯¿
PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zb¥‡a¨ gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb (in.) Ab¨Zg| wZwb †Ìe›` †_‡K †jLvcov †k‡l
†`‡k wd‡i evsjvi wecøex †bZv nvRx kixqvZzjøvni †Q‡j cxi †gvn‡mbyÏxb `y`y wgqvi m‡½ wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Ny‡i
Ny‡i gvbyl‡K `xb Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| GK`v DRvbxi Kvix Beivnxg (in.) Gi RvgvZv
gvIjvbv Bìx‡mi Aby‡iv‡a †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq mnmycvi c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| gvIjvbv Bìxm
(in.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci QvÎ wkÿK I AwffveK‡ì Aby‡iv‡a gvìvmvi mycv‡ii `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
cieZx©‡Z gvìvmvq Kvwgj K¬vm †Lvjv n‡j wZwb Aa¨ÿ c` AjsK…Z K‡ib Ges Z_vq eyLvix, wZiwghx,
gymwjg BZ¨vw` wKZv‡ei `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib|16 G‡Kev‡i ¯^í †gavi AwaKvix QvÎ I †gavex cÖwZfvai
wkÿv_x© Zvi cvV †_‡K mgfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Zv| GUvB wQj Zuvi cvV`v‡bi cÖavb •ewkó¨| mviv‡`‡k G gnvb
kvqLyj nv`x‡mi •Zix evsjvfvlx AmsL¨ gynvwÏm, gydvmwmi, dwKn QvÎ I Qv‡Îi QvÎ Qwo‡q wQwU‡q
Av‡Qb; ZvivI evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v, wkÿv I cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
B‡šÍKvj : gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb (in.) 1967 mv‡j gnvb cÖf~i Wv‡K mvov w`‡q GB `ywbqv †_‡K wPi
we`vq †bb|17
gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.) [1896-1969 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : Bmjvgx wkÿvwe`, cÖL¨vZ Avwjg I mgvR ms¯‥viK gvIjvbv kvgmy j nK (in.) 1896
wLª. †gvZv‡eK 1302 e½v‡ãi 2 dvêyY cweÎ RygvÔAvevi mye‡n mvw`‡Ki ïfÿ‡Y e„nËi dwi`cyi
†Rjvi (eZ©gvb †MvcvjMÄ) Uzw½cvov _vbvaxb MInvi Wv½v cjøx‡Z gywÝ gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn I Avgxbv
13 cÖv¸³, c„.115
14 Awdm †iKW© dvBj, †bvqLvjx Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmv; gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.105
15 cÖv¸³
16 Awdm †iKW© dvBj, †bvqLvjx Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
17 gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.108
381
LvZz‡bi †KvjRy‡o AvMgb K‡ib| •kke †_‡KB Zvi ¯^fv‡e b¤ªZv, f`ªZv, webq, wPšÍvkxjZv I jvRyKZvi
b¨vq gnr ¸Yvejxi mgv‡ek N‡UwQj| cwiYZ eq‡m wZwb Ômì mv‡ne ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPwZ
jvf K‡ib|18
wkÿv Rxeb : Pvi eQi eq‡m wZwb Zvi gvZ…‡¯œ‡n KziAvb wkÿv ïiæ K‡ib| Zvici wZwb cvUMvwZi wn›`y
cwÐZ c~Y©P›`ª eveyi cvVkvjvq Ges †QvU †kL‡ì evox gywÝ AvwRRyj n‡Ki cvVkvjvq Z…Zxq †kÖwY mgvß
K‡i mywUqvKvw›` ¯‥zj †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv †kl K‡ib| Zvici wZwb fv¸wUqv nvB¯‥zj †_‡K cÂg I lô
†kÖwY mgvß K‡ib| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK (in.) Zz‡Lvo †gavex I Zx² eyw×m¤úbœ wQ‡jb|
Aviex †kLvi cÖwZ wQj Zuvi cÖej †SvK| wZwb 1920 mv‡j KwjKvZv †cÖwm‡WwÝ K‡j‡R Aa¨qb Kv‡j
gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbexi (in.) ms¯ú‡k© hvb| d‡j `xbx wkÿvi cÖwZ cÖej AvMÖn m„wó nq Zvi| ZvB
gvIjvbv _vbfx (in.) Gi civg‡k© wZwb mvnvivbcyi gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q wgkKvZ RvgvZ ch©šÍ Aa¨qb
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvq wZb ev Pvi eQi cov‡kvbv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi mv‡_
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ D”PZi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb QvÎRxe‡bB Ava¨vwZ¥K DrKl© mva‡bi j‡ÿ¨
‡Ìe›` †_‡K cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi `xN© 35 gvBj c_ AwZµg K‡i _vbvfe‡b gvIjvbv _vbfx (in.) Gi
ms¯ú‡k© Mgb Ki‡Zb| kixq‡Zi ÁvbvR©‡bi cvkvcvwk †mLv‡b ZvmvID‡di BjgI wkÿv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
Ae‡k‡l Dfq Áv‡b c~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i 1928 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb|19
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i mì mv‡ne (in.) ¯^xq wkÿK gvIjvbv †nvmvBb
Avngv` gv`vbx (in.) Gi civg‡k© Rvwgqv BDbywmqvi cÖavb gynvwÏm I cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ
K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb XvKvi eo KvUviv gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm c` AjsK…Z K‡ib| AZtci 1950
mv‡j wZwb jvjev‡M Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv gvìvmv ¯’vcb K‡i †mLv‡bB nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv I gynZvwg‡gi
`wqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| cvkv cvwk eo KvUviv, jvjevM, MInviWv½v I dwi`vev` gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib| 20
Zvi cÖwZwôZ gvìvmvmg~n †_‡K †hgwbfv‡e AMwYZ nv`xmwekvi` m„wó n‡”Q; †Zgwb Zvi mivmwi gynvwÏm
QvÎe„›` wKsev Zvi Qv‡Îi QvÎ‡ì Øviv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v Pjgvb i‡q‡Q Ges Zv Pvjy _vK‡e AbšÍ
Kvje¨vcx| Bmjvgx Ávb I wkÿv we¯Ív‡i Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ Zuv‡K Òmì mv‡neÓ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq|
iPbvejx : gymwjg‡ì Cgvbx †PZbv, Bmjvgx ZvnRxe-ZvgÏyb cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv fvlvq Abyev` I
†g․wjK wjLbx‡Z gvIjvbv dix`cyixi h‡_ó Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq Zvi iwPZ 76wU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| Zb¥g‡a¨- 1. evqAvZbvgv; 2. ZIevbvgv; 3. Bj‡gi dhxjZ; 4. †ZRvi‡Zi dhxjZ cÖf„wZ Ges
Zvi evsjvq Ab~w`Z MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Ò‡e‡nkZx †RIi (11LÐ )Ó Ab¨Zg|21
ivR‣bwZK Rxeb : mì mv‡ne (in.) gvìvmv cÖwZôv, `vim-Zvìxm I †jLv‡jwLi cvkv cvwk Av`k©
ivRbxwZi gq`v‡bI mwµq wQ‡jb| wZwb me©cÖ_g 1920 mv‡j weªwUkwe‡ivax Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY
K‡ib| 1947 mv‡ji ci cvwK¯Ívb gymwjgjx‡Mi cvj©v‡g›Uvwi †ev‡W©i m`m¨ wbev©wPZ nb Ges 1954
mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b gymwjgjxM‡K mg_©b Rvbvb|22
BwšÍKvj : 1969 mv‡ji 21 †deªæqvix, g½jevi, 2:30 wgwb‡U wek¦e‡iY¨ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, mìæj Djvgv
gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.) AMwYZ wkl¨ I f³e„›`‡K †kvK-mvM‡i fvwm‡q BnKvj Z¨vM
K‡ib|23
18 gvIjvbv Avãyi iv¾vK, mgvR ms¯‹viK Avjøvgv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyixi Rxebx, XvKv: Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg cvewj‡KkÝ,1998wLª., c„.71
19 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, XvKv: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev`, c„. 12
20 cÖv¸³; gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn iwPZ, Rvwgqv BDbywQqv eªv²Yevwoqv kZel© cywZ© ¯§viK, eªv²Yevwoqv: Rvwgqv
Bmjvwgqv BDbywQqv eªv²Yevwoqv, 2015wLª., c„.85-87
21 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, cÖv¸³, c„.13; gvIjvbv Avãyi iv¾vK, cÖv¸³, c„.75
22 gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„.13
23 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, cÖv¸³, c„. 12;
382
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gykvwn` evBqgcyix (in.) [1909-1970 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gykvwn` (in.) 1909 mvj †gvZv‡eK 1327 wnRixi gynviig gv‡mi †Kvb
GK cweÎ RygÔAvevi wm‡jU †Rjvi KvbvBNvU _vbvi AšÍM©Z evBqgcyi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi
bvg K¡vix gynv¤§` Avjxg Ges gvZvi bvg †gvQv¤§Z Qwdq¨v| Zvi wcZvgvZv Df‡qB AZ¨šÍ Øxb`vi I
ci‡nRMvi, gyËvKx wQ‡jb| Z‡e AveŸvi †P‡q Av¤§vi cÖfve Zuvi Dci †ewk c‡owQj| †Kbbv evj¨Kv‡jB
Zuvi AveŸv Zvu‡K BqvZxg K‡i ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| Zuvi Av¤§v wQ‡jb cweÎ KziAv‡bi nvwdRv| G Qvov
D`©y I evsjv fvlvq Zuvi Amvgvb¨ `ÿZv wQj| ZvB evjK gykvwn‡ì •kk‡ei wkÿK I Awffve‡Ki
f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q wQ‡jb Zvi †¯œngqx gvZv|24
wkÿv Rxeb : •kk‡e Zvi Av¤§vi Kv‡QB wZwb cÖv_wgK wkÿv, Avè I AvLjv‡K mg„ × nb| gvÎ mvZ eQi
eq‡m wZwb cweÎ KziAvb, D`y© I evsjv fvlvq c~Y© cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡ib| AZtci wZwb KvbvBNvU
Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq mvZ eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| D³ gvìvmvq cov‡jLv †kl K‡i jvjviPK ¯‥z‡j wKQzw`b
wkÿKZv K‡ib| ÁvbKvZi gykvwn` Ae‡k‡l fvi‡Zi ivgcyi Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³ gvìvmvq
`xN© cuvP eQi †nKgZ (weÁvb), dvjQvdv (`k©b), gvbwZK (hyw³we`¨v) BZ¨vw` welqvwì wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ
nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi wbwgË ivgcyi †_‡K wgiv‡Ui cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm-Avwjg gvIjvbv gvwkq¨vZzjøvn Gi wbKU Mgb
K‡i nv`x‡mi cÖwm× MÖšm ’ g~n Aa¨qb K‡ib| `yB eQi †mLv‡b nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi ci †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i
`yB eQi KvbvBNvU Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq wkÿKZvi ci D”PZi Áv‡bi mÜv‡b AveviI 1938 mv‡j `viæj
Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv ‡nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) I Ab¨vb¨
gynvwÏm‡ì mvwbœ‡a¨ nv`x‡mi D”PZi Ávb Aa¨q‡b `xN© †ò eQi AwZevwnZ K‡ib Ges PyovšÍ cixÿvq
cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| gvIjvbv gykvwn` kixq‡Zi m‡e©v”P ÁvbvR©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ gvIjvbv
_vbfx (in.) Ges gvIjvbv gv`vbx (in.) Gi KvQ †_‡KI Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi `xÿvI jvf K‡ib|
Ae‡k‡l gvIjvbv nv‡dR Avng` •Rbcyix (in.) Gi Ljxdv gvIjvbv BqvKze eìcyix (in.) Gi Kv‡Q
AvZ¥ïw×i D‡Ï‡k¨ evqAvZ nb Ges wLjvdZ jvf K‡ib|25
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : †Ìe›` n‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i gvIjvbv gykvwn` wm‡jU miKvwi Avwjqv
gvìvmv, MvQevox gvìvmv, `viæj Dj~g KvbvBNvU gvìvmv, Avmv‡gi eìcyi gvìvmv Ges fvi‡Zi
ivgcyi Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim †`b| me©‡k‡l wZwb
KvbvBNvU `viæj Dj~g gvìvmvq gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` AwawôZ nb|26 Zvi ewjô †bZ…‡Z¡ D³
gvìvmvwU‡K Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb †`‡ki GKwU kxl©¯’vbxq cÖwZôvb iƒ‡c M‡o Zzj‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| G
gnvb nv`xm †meK my`xN© 30 eQi wewfbœ gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xm wkÿv `v‡bi gva¨‡g
AMwYZ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` m„wó K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv gykvwn` (in.) Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q eû MÖš’ iPbv K‡i wM‡q‡Qb| †m¸‡jvi †ekxi
fvMB cvÐzwjwc AvKv‡i i‡q‡Q| gyw`ªZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv-1. dZûj Kvixg, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb ÔBmjv‡gi ivóªxq I A_© •bwZK DËivwaKviÕ bv‡g eBwUi evsjv Abyev` cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| 2. Avj-
‡dviKvb (Gj‡g gv‡idv‡Zi mwVK e¨vL¨v); 3. wek¦ ivm~j nhiZ gynv¤§` mvjøvjøvû AvjvBwn Iqvmvjøvg|
Zvi AcÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q, 1. gykwKjvZzj KziAvb Iqvj nv`xm
(Aviex); 2. ZvnKxK iæBqvZyj †njvj (Aviex); 3. m‡Zï Av‡jv (1g I 2q LÐ ); 4. Zvdmx‡i m~ivq
dv‡Znv I 5. †QgvDj KziAvb (Aviex) cÖf…wZ|27
24 nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, cÖv¸³, c„. 214

25 cÖv¸³, c„. 215
27 cÖv¸³, c„. 216
383
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gykvwn` (in.) 1970 mv‡j C`yj Avhnvi iv‡Z 63 eQi eq‡m
cvuP cyÎ I Qq Kb¨vmn AmsL¨ Avwjg-Ijvgv, f³-wkl¨‡K †kvKmvM‡i fvwm‡q gnvb cÖfyi Wv‡K mvov
w`‡q `ywbqv †_‡K wPi we`vq MÖnY K‡ib |28
gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx (in.) [1900-1972 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : Dcgnv‡`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, ÁvbZvcm, we`» †jLK, wkÿvms¯‥viK I
cÖPviwegyL gbxlx gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx (in.) 1900 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤î †dbx †Rjvi `vMbf~uTv
_vbvi AšÍM©Z `wÿY wbqvRcyi MÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx †kL cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †kL Avjx
AvRg I gvZv †eMg inxgy‡bœmv AZ¨šÍ Øxb`vi ci‡nhMvi e¨w³ wQ‡jb|29
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgxi •kke wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo wcZv †kL Avjx AvRg I bvbv gyÝx
nv‡Z‡gi nv‡Z| AZtci wZwb MÖv‡gi •bk we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK Avãyj jwZd †gvjøvi wbKU cÖ_‡g Avh©gvÎv
Ges c‡i ivgmy›ì emv‡Ki evj¨ wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| 1917 mv‡j wZwb `vMbf~uTv AvwRwRqv gvìvmvq
cÖv_wgK wkÿv Ges 1920 mv‡j PÆMÖvg AveyinvU gvìvmvq gva¨wgK wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| c‡i 1922 mv‡j
PÆMÖv‡gi weL¨vZ Bmjvgx wkÿv‡K›`ª `viæj Dj~g gvìvmvq Wvej cÖ‡gvkb wb‡q Rvgv‡Z Pvnii‡g fwZ© nb
Ges Rvgv‡Z Djv ch©šÍ †jLvcov K‡ib| wZwb 1925 mv‡j AÎ cÖwZôvb †_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Rvgv‡Z Djv
Z_v dvwRj wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|30
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgxi Ae`vb wPi
A¤øvb n‡q _vK‡e| wZwb wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ †dbx Avwjqv gvìvmvq (1928-1943 wLª.) c‡bi eQi
nv`xmkv¯¿mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q wkÿv`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| wZwb gvZ…fvlvq wkÿv`v‡bi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K Acwinvh© e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb| ZvB wZwb 1929 mv‡j †dbx Avwjqv gvìvmvq evsjv
mvwnZ¨mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q cvV`vb Pvjy K‡ib; hwÌ G Kvi‡Y Zv‡K e¨vcK we‡ivwaZv I mgv‡jvPbvi gy‡L
co‡Z n‡qwQj| wZwb †_‡g _v‡Kbwb; eis Zvi wkÿv ms¯‥vi Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb| djZ: 1964 mv‡j
gvìvmv wkÿvi AvaybxKvq‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ MwVZ Ô†gvqv‡¾g wkÿv Kwgk‡biÕ gva¨‡g gvIjvbv AvRgxi ms¯‥vi
cwiKíbvi wKQzUv cÖwZdjb jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q| e¯‘Z gvZ…fvlvq wkÿv`vb, Øxbx, KvwiMix I AvaywbK wkÿvi
m¤^š^‡q wkÿveë¯’v‡K †X‡j mvRv‡bvB wQj gvIjvbv AvRgxi cwiKwíZ wkÿvms¯‥v‡ii g~j e³e¨| 31 ZvB
G K_v wbw`©avq ejv hvq †h, Avwjqv avivq evsjv fvlvq cVb-cvV‡b gvIjvbv AvRgx wQ‡jb AMÖbvqK I
c_cÖ`k©K| G Qvov kvqL Iqvwj DÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyjøvn Avj-LZxe AvZ-ZvewiRx msKwjZ
wgkKvZzj gvmvexn Gi e½vbyev` Ò‡gkKvZ kixdÓ Zvi Agi K…Zx©| Gi we‡kl •ewkó¨ n‡”Q, GwU mvay
evsjvq iwPZ cÖ_g myôz I wbf©i‡hvM¨ GKwU e¨vL¨vg~jK Abyev`| Gi e¨vL¨vq wZwb `„pfv‡e Avnjym mybœvZ
Iqvj Rvgv‡Zi gZv`‡k©i AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| G Qvov gvIjvbv AvRgx iwPZ Ònv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvmÓ hv
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ I BwZnvm welqK evsjv mvwn‡Zï GKwU †g․wjK Ae`vb| ev½vjx nv`xm‡cÖgx
Rb‡Mvwôi Kv‡Q GB MÖš’wUi mgvì wKsev Kì †KvbwUiB KgwZ †bB|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx fveavivq AwZ g~jëvb 11wU MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib| G Qvov hyM mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq Zvi M‡elYvg~jK `vk©wbK `„wófw½ mg„× 32wU
cÖeÜ32 cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-

30 RyjwdKvi Avng` wKmgZx, evsjv‡`‡ki msMÖvgx Ijvgv cxi-gvkv‡qL, L.2, cÖ_g cÖKvk-1988wLª., XvKv: cÖMwZ cÖKvkbx, c„.24
31 †gvt gqbyj nK I †gvt bvwQi DÏxb, ÔBmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ívi I Bj‡g nv`xm PP©vq gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx (i:)Õ, BmjvwgK
BDwbfvwm©wU óvwWR Rvb©vj, Kzwóqv: Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, L.8, msL¨v-2, Ryb-2000wLª., c„. 179
32 G. Gm. Gg. AvwRRyj nK AvbQvix msKwjZ, gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgxi iPbvejx, XvKv: Bdvev, cÖ_g cÖKvk-Rvby: 1985 wLª.,
c„. 93 ; RyjwdKvi wKmgZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 77-78
384
1. nv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvm; 2. †gkKvZ kixd; Abyev` I mswÿß fvl¨Mªš’ 3. Ebwesk kZvãxi Av‡jg
mgvR I ivRbxwZ; 4. †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Av`k©; 4. Bmjv‡gi mgvReë¯’v; 5. Bmjv‡gi A_©eë¯’v; 6.
Bmjvg I cvðvZ¨ RMr; 7. Bmjv‡gi f~wgeë¯’v Ges 8. evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Bmjv‡gi cÖPvi, cÖf…wZ|
BwšÍKvj : wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` I M‡elK, RvwZ‡K mwVK c‡_i w`kvix gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx
1972 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ ivZ 9 Uvq Zvi wbR evwo‡Z BwšÍKvj K‡ib|33
kvqL Avãyi inxg (in.) [1904-1973 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : ÿYRb¥v gbxlx kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg 1904 mv‡j gywk©`vev‡ì AšÍM©Z
Rvnv½xicyi¯’ †gvnv¤§`cy‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg †gvnv¤§` BqvKze|34
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK Avãyi inxg ‡QvU eq‡m ¯’vbxq g³e I Rywbqi gvìvmvi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ XvKvi
BmjvwgK B›UviwgwW‡qU K‡j‡R mßg †kªwY‡Z fwZ© nb| Z_v ‡_‡K wZwb 1923 mv‡j nvB gvìvmv I 1925
mv‡j AvB.G cvm K‡ib| AZci wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M we G (Abvm©) G fwZ©
nb| 1928 mv‡j wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we.G (m¤§vb) wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb kvgmyj Djvgv gybvIqvi Avjx
ivgcyixi wbKU wmnvn wmËv Gi cvV¨fy³ nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib|35 1932 mv‡j wZwb we.Gj wWwMÖ AR©b
K‡ib| AZtci 1938 mv‡j †WwfW †nqvi †Uªwbs K‡jR n‡Z we.wU cvm K‡ib| Gici wZwb `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_vq 1940-1943 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xm-Zvdmx‡ii D”P wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb
`vIiv nv`xm I Zvdmxi cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ D”PZi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨
gvIjvbv †ejv‡qZ †nv‡mb exif~wg, gvIjvbv BmnvK eaŸ©gvbx, gvIjvbv Avey bmi Inx` I kvgmyj Djvgv
gybvIqvi Avjx ivgcyix (in) cÖgyL| Ab¨w`‡K †Ìe‡›` Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv ûmvBb
Avng` gv`vbx, gvIjvbv Beªvnxg ewjqvex, gvIjvbv GRvR Avjx, gvIjvbv gydZx kdx (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV MÖnY K‡ib| Avi gvIjvbv Bìxm (Kv›`jfx), gvIjvbv wgTv mv‡ne, •mq` AvRMi
†nvmvBb I wkeŸxi Avng` Dmgvbxi (in.) †_‡K Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i ÁvbvR©b K‡i‡Qb|36
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb †k‡l wZwb 1930 mv‡j XvKv BmjvwgK B›UviwgwW‡qU
K‡j‡R mnKvix wkÿK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Z_vq GK eQi ch©šÍ wkÿKZv K‡ib| Aí wKQy w`b wZwb
R½xcyi †Ìqvbx Av`vj‡Z AvBb †ckvq KvR K‡ib| Gici R½xcyi nvB gvìvmvq mycvwib‡Ub‡W›U c‡`
wbhy³ nb| 1939 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq
‡hvM`vb K‡ib| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÿ †_‡K Zuv‡K nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D”P wkÿv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Ìe‡›ì `viæj Dj~g
gvìvmvq cvVv‡bv nq| 1943 mv‡j wZwb †Ìe›` †_‡K nv`xm I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWwMÖ wb‡q cybivq
D³ wefv‡M †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Z_vq AvgiY nv`xm, Zvdmxi, AvKvB` BZ¨vw` wel‡q Aa¨vcbvq wb‡R‡K
wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|37
iPbvejx : cÖL¨vZ GB nv`xmwekvi‡ì Aviex fvlv, e¨vKiY I nv`x‡mi mb‡` we‡kl `ÿZv wQj| wZwb
gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv †ev‡W©i Aviex e¨vKiY I Aviex mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib| G QvovI 1.
ZvRix`yj eyLvixi cÖ_g L‡Ði Ask we‡kl wZwb evsjvq Abyev` K‡ib| 2. ZvRix`yj eyLvixi wØZxq L‡Ði
ZiRgv I m¤úv`bvq AskMÖnY K‡ib| 3. Bgvg wZiwghxi Òkvgv‡q‡j wZiwghxÓ Gi cÖ_gv‡×©i evsjv

34 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 235; W. gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 83
36 msw¶ß Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl cwiwkó, cÖv¸³, c„. 52
37 gvIjvbv ‡gvnv¤§` Avãyjøv‡nj Kvdx m¤úvw`Z, gvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nv`xm, XvKv:Avj nv`xm wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks nvDR, 1958wLª., 5g
el©, 2q msL¨v, c„. 1.
385
Abyev`Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib| wZwb D³ MÖ‡š’i UxKvq mswkøó nv`xmmg~‡ni m~Î, ivex‡ì mswÿß cwiPq I
KwVb kã¸‡jvi we‡kølY K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’ Zvi cvwÐZ¨ I Zx² `„wófw½i Qvc cwijwÿZ nq|38
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg 1973 mv‡ji 1 †g †gvZv‡eK g½jevi wèvMZ iv‡Z 69
eQi eq‡m XvKvq ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| AvRxgcyi †Mvi¯’v‡b Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|39
gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng` (in.) [1886-1974 wLª.]

cwiwPwZ I wkÿvRxeb : wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, dLiæj gynvwÏmxb gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng`
†bvqvLvjx †Rjvi †Kv¤úvbxMÄ _vbvi gvwbKcyi MÖv‡g 1886 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb ¯’vbxq mv‡K©j
¯‥z‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv jvf K‡ib| Zvici wZwb D”P wkÿv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1906 mv‡j KwjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b wZwb h_vµ‡g 1910 mv‡j Avwjg Ges 1913 mv‡j dvwhj Ges 1916 mv‡j
dLiæj gynvwÏmxb cixÿvq e„wË †c‡q K„wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| 40
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 1919 mvj †_‡K 1947 mvj ch©šÍ KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq
Ges 1947 mvj †_‡K 1953 mvj ch©šÍ XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvq AZ¨šÍ mybvg I K„wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ 34 eQi
nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv †k‡l Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| AZtci wKQzw`b XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefv‡M wbDgvivwi Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| wZwb gvZ…fvlvq KziAvb-nv`xm PP©v
I cvV `v‡bi c‡ÿ †Rviv‡jv f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| wZwb Zvi Ôgv`ªvmv-B-Avwjqvi BwZnvmÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb,
Ògv`ªvmv wkÿvi cvV¨m~Px‡Z gvZ…fvlv evOjv wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Yi Dchy³ eë¯’vw` M„nxZ nB‡j AvMvgx w`‡bi
Avwjg mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ `xbx wL`gZ Kivi Ges Bmjvgx wkÿv I ms¯‥…wZ we¯Ív‡ii c_ cÖk¯Í nB‡e|Ó41
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng‡ì nv`xm, Zvdmxi Ges Aviex fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ AMva cvwÐZ¨ I
`ÿZv wQj| Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk wjLbx‡ZI wZwb wm×n¯Í wQ‡jb| Zvui Ab~w`Z, e¨vL¨vZ, iwPZ cy¯ÍKvwì
g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
1. ‫( نعمة المنعم على شرح مقدمة صحٌح مسلم‬GUv D`©y I Aviex‡Z wjwLZ cÖwm× nv`xmMÖš’ gymwjg kixd Gi
(gyKvÏvgv) f~wgKvi (kivn) we¯Í…Z e¨vL¨v|)
2. ‫( الكوكب الدري فً شرح مقدمة المشكوة للشٌخ الدهلوي‬GUv wgkKvZ kix‡di (gyKvÏvgv) f~wgKvi fvl¨MÖš’ D`©y
fvlvq iwPZ|)
3. ‫( حل العقدة فً شرح المعلقة‬Bnv GKwU cÖwm× Aviex Kve¨ MÖš’ mveÕAv gyÕAvjøvKvi D`~© e¨vL¨v|)
4. ً‫( كشف المعانً فً شرح مقامات بدٌع الزمان الهمدان‬GwU cÖwm× Aviex M`¨ MÖ‡š’i D`©~ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v|)
5. ‫( اٌضاح المعانً علً مقامات الزمخشري‬GwU cÖwm× Aviex M`¨ ÒgvKvgv‡Z hgLkix Gi mnR dvimx I D`©~
fvlvq wjwLZ e¨vL¨v MÖš’|)
6. bex cwiPq
7. KziAvb cwiPq
8. gvìvmv-B-Avwjqvi BwZnvm; cÖf…wZ| 42
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng` 1974 mv‡ji 7 RyjvB 88 eQi eq‡m Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|
g„Zz¨Kv‡j wZwb bq cyÎ I wZb Kb¨v †i‡L †M‡Qb| Zviv mK‡jB D”P wkÿvq wkwÿZ I mgv‡R cÖwZwôZ|
Zvi mšÍvb‡ì g‡a¨ wewkó ivRbxwZwe` e¨vwi÷vi gI`y` Avng` Ab¨Zg|43
38 cÖv¸³; †kL Avãyi inxg, ZvRix`yj eyLvix, L.1, XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wwg, 1958 wLª. c„.03
39 cÖv¸³
40 gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avngv`, gvìvmv-B- Avwjqvi BwZnvm, XvKv: Bdvev, 2004wLª., c„.152
41 cÖv¸³
42 cÖv¸³, c„.153
43 cÖv¸³, c„.154
386
gydZx mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb (in.) [1911-1974 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gydZx mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb (in.) 1911 mv‡ji 24 Rvbyqvwi †mvgevi fvi‡Zi
wenvi cÖ‡`‡ki gy‡½i †Rjvi AšÍM©Z cvPbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv mvB‡q` Avãyj gvbœvb I gvZv
mvB‡q¨`v mvwR`v LvZzb| `yÕRbB AZ¨šÍ ag©civqb I wbôvevb gymwjg wQ‡jb|44
wkÿvRxeb : •kk‡eB †¯œngq wcZv I PvPv mvB‡q` Avãy` `vBqvb eiKZxi wbKU wZwb cweÎ KziAvb gvÎ
wZb gv‡mB mgvß K‡ib| ZLb Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj gvÎ cuvP eQi| AZtci Aviex, D`©y I dvwm©i wKZvevw`
wewfbœ Avwjg D¯Ív‡ì wbKU wkÿv jvf K‡ib| gvÎ `k eQi eq‡m wZwb mvB‡q` eiKZ Avjx kvn
†eRIqvixi wbKU KziAvb gvRx‡ì Abyev`, mydx gZev` m¤úwK©Z cyw¯ÍKv, Aviex e¨vKiY, Zvdmxi, wnm‡b
nvmxb I dvwm© mvwn‡Zï D”PZi MÖš’mg~n Aa¨qb K‡ib| Gici †P․Ï eQi eq‡m kvgmyj Djvgv gvRx` Avjx
†R․bcyixi gZ L¨vZbvgv Avwj‡gi wbKU Aviex fvlv I e¨vKiY, gybxqvZzj gyQvjøx, nvw`qvZzm mvw`qv, cÖv_wgK
hyw³we`¨v, wdKn kv¯¿ BZ¨vw` wkÿv AR©b K‡ib| gydZx Avwggyj Bnmvb †lvj eQi eq‡m 1926 mv‡j D”P
wkÿv jv‡fi Rb¨ KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges Z_vKvi wewkó AvwjgM‡Yi wbKU wewfbœ wel‡q
Aa¨qb K‡ib| cÖwZwU †kÖwYi mKj cixÿvq wZwb we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| GB HwZnëvnx gvìvmv
†_‡KB wZwb 1929 mv‡j Avwjg, 1931 mv‡j (Rvgv‡Z Djv) dvwhj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi
K‡i DËxY© nb| D‡jøL¨, D³ cixÿvq nv`xm kv‡¯¿ we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨ Zv‡K ¯^Y©c`K †Ìqv nq| D³
gvìvmvq 1931-32 mv‡j Kvwgj (UvB‡Uj) †kÖwY‡Z wmnvn wmËvi mKj wKZve wbqwgZ Aa¨qb K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb 1933 mv‡j UvB‡Uj (nv`xm) †kÖwYi evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨vi mshy³ †evW© cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M
cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib Ges †gvgZvRyj gynvwÏmxb Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ nb|45
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gydZx Avwggyj Bnmvb Bmjvgx Ávb-weÁv‡b wb‡R‡K mg„× Kivi ci
wcZvi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb Ges wbR evmfeb‡K †K›`ª K‡iB Bmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ív‡i g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| 1934
mv‡j KwjKvZv bv‡Lv`v gmwR` msjMœ gvìvmvq cÖavb wkÿK c‡` wbhy³ nb| 1937 mv‡j miKvi Zuv‡K ga¨
KwjKvZvi KvRx c‡` wbhy³ K‡ib| 1940 mv‡j ÔAvÄygvb KziAvbÕ evsjvi mfvcwZ wbhy³ nb| gydZx mv‡ne
(in.) 1943 mv‡j KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| fviZ wefv‡Mi c~e© ch©šÍ D³ gvìvmvq
UvB‡Uj Rvgv‡Z nv`xm, Zvdmxi, wdKvn Ges dv‡Rj Rvgv‡Z D`y© I dviwm wel‡qi Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| †`k
wefv‡Mi ci wZwb XvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| 1955 mv‡j wZwb XvKvi miKvwi gvìvmv-B-Avwjqvi †nW †gv`viwim
c‡` wbhy³ nb| 1969 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb G c‡` envj _v‡Kb| 1955 mv‡j ivRavbx XvKvi cÖavb C`Mv‡ni
Bgvg‡Zi c‡` Ges 1964 mv‡j evqZzj †gvKviig gmwR‡ì LZxe I Bgvg wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K wb‡qvM †Ìqv
nq|46 g„Zzï c~e© ch©šÍ wZwb G c‡` wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K IqvR-e³…Zvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq KziAvb-nv`xm
cÖPv‡i Ae`vb iv‡Lb| G Qvov my`xN© 35 eQi ch©šÍ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g eû nv`xmwe` m„wó Ges
†g․wjK, Abyev`, msKwjZ I fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbvi gva¨‡g wZwb Awe¯§iYxq Ae`vb ‡i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gydZx Avwggyj Bnmvb (in.) D`y©, Aviex I dviwm fvlvq Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q `yBkZvwaK
MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wewfbœ fvlvq Zvi iwPZ MÖš’mg~‡ni g‡a¨ nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MÖš’ n‡”Q-1.
wdKûm mybvb Iqvj AvQvi; 2. ZvLix‡R Avnv`xm gvKvwZeyj Bgvgyi ieŸvbx; 3. Avj-AvievCb wdm
mvjvwZ Avjvb bex (mv.); 4. gvbvwnRym †mvAv`v; 5. †nmbyj †LZve dx gvIqvivw`j ‡LZve; 6. gyKvÏvgv‡q
gvivmxj Avex `vD`; 6. gyKvÏvgv‡q mybv‡b Avex `vD`; 7. Dg`vZzj gvRvbx wj-Zvwi‡L Avnv`xm; 8.
gxhvbyj AvLevi; 9. ZvwjgvZzj eiKZx; 10. †dn‡i‡¯Í Kvbhyj D¤§vj;11. wgqviæj Avmivi; 12.
†ZvndvZzj AvLBqvi; 13. Avj-AvievCb wdj gvIqvwKZ; 14. ZvjvwRdyj gvivwmj; 15. Avm-gvDj
gy‡`jøxb Iqvj gyLZv‡jZxb cÖf…wZi g‡a¨ ‡ek K‡qKwU evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z n‡q‡Q|47
44 †gvt wmivRyj Bmjvg, `ywU Av‡jvK`xß bÿÎ, XvKv: LvbKv‡q Avgxgxqv, †m‡Þ¤î,2010wLª., c„.14
45 we.`ª: cÖv¸³, c„. 16-18; ‡gvt Aveyj Kv‡mg f~uTv, nRiZ gydZx ‡gvnv¤§` Avwggyj Gnmvb, XvKv: ZvInx` cÖKvkbx, 1988wLª., c„.3-18
46 cÖv¸³, c„.19; gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.156
47 †gvt wmivRyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.31-33
387
BwšÍKvj : nv`xm, Zvdmxi I wdK‡ni we`» cwÐZ, cÖPvi wegyL gnvb Ávb mvaK I eû ‡g․wjK MÖš’
cÖ‡YZv gydZx mvB‡q` gynv¤§` Avwggyj Bnmvb 1974 mv‡ji 27 A‡±vei iweevi gnvb Avjøvni mvwbœ‡a¨
P‡j hvb| g„Zy¨Kv‡j Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 63 eQi| XvKvi m~Îvcyi _vbvaxb 14 bs Kjy‡Uvjv gmwR` msjMœ
Zvi gvRvi Aew¯’Z|48
gvIjvbv RÕdi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) [1892-1974 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : 1892 mv‡j fvi‡Zi mvnvivbcyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z †Ìe‡›ì wÌqvb gnjøvq gvIjvbv Rdi
Avng` Dmgvbx Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †kL jZxd Avng` Dmgvbx, `v`v †kL †bnvj Avng` Dmgvbx
Ges Zvi gvgv wQ‡jb gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.)|49 wZb eQi eq‡m wZwb Zvi ‡¯œngqx gv‡K
nvwi‡q bvbxi Av`‡i jvwjZ-cvwjZ nb| wkï RÔd‡ii bvbxi ZvKIqv, Øxb`vix, Avì-‡mvnvM, AvPvi-
eënvi Zvi †Kvgj ü`‡q `viæYfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i|50
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv RÔdi Avng` Dmgvbx †Ìe‡›` cÖv_wgK wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| AZtci gvgv gvIjvbv
Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi ZË¡veav‡b wKQzKvj Aviex e¨vKiY I mvwnZ¨ Aa¨q‡bi ci Rv‡gÔDj Dj~g
gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_vq gvIjvbv BmnvK eaŸ©gvbx I gvIjvbv ikx` Kvbcyixi mKv‡k wmnvn wmËvn
Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1909 mv‡j wZwb mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhvwni Dj~g gv`&ivmvq gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd mvnvivbcyix
cÖgy‡Li wbKU wdKn&, hyw³we`¨v, `k©b BZ¨vw` wel‡q D”P wkÿv AR©b K‡ib Ges gvIjvbv Ljxj Avngv`
mvnvivbcyixi wbKU wZwb eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ c~bivq Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges nv`xm `vim `v‡bi AbygwZ
(GRvhZ) cÖvß nb|51
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ wZwb mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhvwni Dj~g gv`&ivmvq
wkÿKZvi gva¨‡g Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| GLv‡b cvuP wKsev mvZ eQi wkÿKZv Kivi ci _vbvfeb¯’
Bg`v`yj Dj~g gvìvmvq gynvwÏm I gydZx c‡` Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| GLv‡b wkÿKZvKvjxb ¯^xq gvgv gvIjvbv
Avkivd Avjxi ZË¡veav‡b wZwb wek¦weL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’ ÒBjvDm mybvbÓ msKjb ïiæ K‡ib| wZwb 1940
mv‡j XvKv wek¦`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M nv`xm I Zvdmx‡ii wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb
K‡ib Ges 1948 mvj ch©šÍ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| G eQ‡ii (1948) wW‡m¤î †_‡K 1952 mv‡j wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ
Pvi eQi wZwb XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †nW gvIjvbv c‡` nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|52 cvkvcvwk gvIjvbv
RÕdi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) Avj-RvwgÔqvZzj KziÕAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjevM gvìvmvqI nv`x‡mi cvV`vb
K‡ib| nv`xmkv‡¯¿ Zvui we‡kl Ae`vb n‡jv wek eQ‡ii AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡gi dmj wek LÐ wewkó ÔBjvDm
mybvbÕ bvgK MÖš’wU, hv cieZx©‡Z B.dv.ev KZ„©K evsjv fvlvq Abyev` cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|53 AZtci wZwb
Avevi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Avjøv Bqvi Lvb gvìvmvq cÖavb gy`viwim c‡` wbhy³ nb Ges AvgiY G
cÖwZôv‡bB nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zvi iwPZ nv`xm welqK MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
K‡qKwU-1. GÔjvDm mybvb; 2. dv‡ZnvZzj Kvjvg; 3. kv°zj MvBb; 4. Avj-KvIjyj gvZxb BZ¨vw`|54
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv RÕdi Avng` Dmgvbx †MvUv Rxeb KziAvb nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbv, M‡elYv I Ávb PP©vq
AwZevwnZ K‡i 1974 mv‡ji 8 wW‡m¤î, iweevi cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivPx‡Z 84 eQi eq‡m ‡kl wbk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|55
48 cÖv¸³, c„.135
49 msw¶ß Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl cwiwkó, cÖv¸³, c„. 107; gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 191
50 gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, Avgiv hv‡ì DËim~ix, cÖv¸³, c„. 136
51 RyjwdKvi Avng` wKmgZx, cÖv¸³, c„. 182
52 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, 190; W. gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 77-78
53 W. gynv¤§` Avãyjvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 76
55 gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi, Zvix‡L gvìvmv-B- Avjxqv, cÖv¸³, c„.176-177
388
gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lvb (in.) [1908-1979wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lvb wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z KvDLvjx Dc‡Rjvaxb cwðg
cïixeywbqv MÖv‡g 1908 mv‡j 1 †m‡Þ¤î56 gZvšÍ‡i 1912 mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj57GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †g․jfx ighvb Avjx Lvb Ges gvZv gwZqv †eMg| Zviv †gvU Pvi fvB wZb
†evb wQ‡jb|
wkÿvRxeb : evjK ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lv‡bi cÖv_wgK covïbv ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq ïiæ nq| Zvici wZwb 1920
mv‡j avIqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| K‡Vvi Aaëmvqx ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡bi cÖwZ cÖPÐ AMÖn wQj|
ZvB 1924 mv‡j KvD‡KI wKQz bv e‡j KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© D‡Ï‡k¨ eÜz‡ì mv‡_ hvÎv K‡ib|
†QvU evj‡Ki wkïmËvq M„nKvZiZv I AwffvK‡ì Pv‡c †mLv‡b †ewk w`b wUK‡Z cv‡iwb| †`‡k wd‡i
cybivq D³ avIqv gvìvmvq †jLvcov Ki‡Z _v‡Kb wZwb| 1926 mv‡j D³ gvìvmv †_‡KB `vwLj Ges
1928 mv‡j fevbxMÄ wmwbqi gvìvmv †_‡K we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cÖ_g wefv‡M Avwjg cvm K‡ib| 1928
mv‡j wZwb KwjKvZv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1930 mv‡ji Rvqvgv‡Z Djv cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M mßg ¯’vb
AwaKvi K‡i miKvwi e„wË jvf K‡ib| AZtci 1932 mv‡j wZwb Kvwgj cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i e½ fvi‡Zi
g‡a¨ dv÷© K¬vm dv÷© n‡q †Mvì †g‡Wj jvf K‡ib|58 gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lvb KwjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq Aa¨qb Kv‡j dzidziv kix‡d hvZvqvZ Ki‡Zb| GK ch©v‡q wZwb dzidzivi cxi gvIjvbv kvn mydx
Avey eKi wmwÏKx (in.) Gi nv‡Z cÖv_wgKfv‡e evBqvZ MÖnY K‡i Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K UvB‡Uj cvm Kivi ci gvIjvbv
ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lvb wbR evwo‡Z wd‡i ewikvj †Rjvi AšÍM©Z cvsMvwkqv †bQvwiqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq
1933 mv‡j wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| gvÎ `yÕeQi D³ gvìvmvq wkÿKZv K‡ib Ges 1935 mv‡j
wZwb KvDLvjx _vbv †KDw›`qv wbD w¯‥g nvB gvìvmvi ‡nW gvIjvbv c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib|59 G mg‡q
1937 mv‡j wZwb Gm Gm wm Ges 1939 mv‡j GBP Gm wm cixÿv w`‡q e„wËmn cÖ_g wefvM jvf K‡ib|
QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖ_g wcÖwÝc¨vj : 1942 mv‡j QviQxbv gvìvmvq UvB‡Uj RvgvZ Pvjy nIqvi ci
QviQxbv ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv kvqL kvn mydx gvIjvbv ‡bQvi DÏxb Avngv` (in.) Gi Aby‡iv‡a 1942 mv‡ji 1
wW‡m¤î Zv‡K D³ gvìvmvi (Z`vbxšÍb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©cÖ_g UvB‡Uj gvìvmvi) wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡` wb‡qvM
†`qv nq|60 d‡j Zvi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi ga¨w`‡q QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv GK ¯^Y©hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i|
wZwb `ÿZvi mv‡_ cÖkvmb cwiPvjbvi cvkvcvwk evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvqI e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
iPbv I mvwnZ¨Kg© : gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj ûmvBb Lvb wQ‡jb weL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K, Aviexwe`, hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏm I
dwKn| Zvi iwPZ ÔRvIqvwniæj wdKnÕ wdKn kv‡¯¿i GK Abe`¨ cvV¨ wKZve| G Qvov wgiKvZzZ ZiRgv
cÖ_g I wØZxq fvM, Zvjx‡g D`~~© cÖ_g wØZxq fvM I Z…Zxq fvM| †LvjvmvZzj gxRvb, wmivAvRyj Avèmn cÖvq
8/10 Lvbv MÖš’ cÖYqb K‡ib hv gvìvmv †ev‡W©i cvV¨cy¯ÍK wn‡m‡e `xN©w`b Pvjy wQj| ZvQvov mvaviY gvby‡li
Rb¨ iwPZ KyiAvb-nv`xm wfwËK K‡qKLvbv cy¯ÍK Rbg‡b ¯’vb `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 1.n¾ I wRqviZ,
2. nhiZ Av‡qkv wmwÏKv (iv.), 3. Bmjv‡g e›Ub bxwZ evsjv dviv‡q‡Ri wKZve, 4. Kvkdyj nK, 5. Puv`
†`Lvi gvmqvjv, 6. ùvwo I †jevm cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G QvovI wZwb eû MÖš’ cvÐzwjwc AvKv‡i †i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
BwšÍKvj : 1979 mv‡ji 28 AvM÷, eyaevi ivZ 1 Uv 10 wgwb‡Ui mgq wcÖwÝc¨vj gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj
ûmvBb Lvb wbR evwo‡Z †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|61
56 b~iæÏxb Avng`, QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbvœ r Avjxqv gv`ªvQvn: AZxZ I eZ©gvb, wc‡ivRcyi: QviQxbv gv`ªvQvn jvB‡eªix, 1969 wLª., c„.69
57 QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbvœ r Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj n‡Z D×…Z|
58 gvIjvbv b~iæj Avgxb Lvb (Z`xq cyÎ), QviQxbv gvìvmvi cÖ_g wcÖwÝc¨vj gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj †nvmvBb Lvb (in), XvKv: Avj-Avgxb
cÖKvkbx, 2009 wLª., c„. 15-17
59 gvIjvbv b~iæj Avgxb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 17
60 QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbvœ r Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj n‡Z D×…Z|
61 gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, evsjvi kZ Av‡j‡gi RxebK_v, cÖv¸³, c„.189-99; gvIjvbv b~iæj Avgxb Lvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 36
389
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Djøvn (in.) [1895-1986 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Djøvn 1895 mv‡j †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi ivqcyi _vbvaxb jayqv MÖv‡gi GK
HwZnëvnx m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Ônv‡d¾x ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPwZ wQ‡jb|
Zuvi wcZvi bvg gyÝx Bw`ªm| Zvi `v`v gvIjvbv AvKivgyÏxb wgqvRx wQ‡jb knx` evjv‡KvU gvIjvbv •mq`
Avng` †eªjfx (in.) Gi Lwjdv, AZ¨šÍ m¤§vwbZ e¨w³Z¡|62
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq d‡Zncyi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cvVv‡šÍ evjK gynv¤§` Djøvn j²xcyi _vbvaxb P›`ªMÄ
cwðg evRvi¯’ gvìvmv I †bvqvLvjxi wLjevBQv gvìvmvq K‡qK eQi †jLvcov K‡ib| AZtci
ÁvbKvZi GB wK‡kvi `xbx Ávb A‡š^l‡Yi cÖPÐ AvMÖ‡n wbt¯^ Ae¯’vq mxgvnxb K‡ó fvi‡Zi cvwbc_ Mgb
K‡ib| Z_vq ¯’vbxq GK wndh Lvbvq KziAvb gvRx` wndh m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci 1914 mv‡j wZwb
ghv‡ni ÔDj~g mvnvivbcy‡i Mgb K‡i mvZ eQi Aa¨qb K‡i `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvm K‡ib| Gici `viæj
ÔDj~g †Ìe‡›` GK eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfxi ms¯ú‡k© Qq gvm Ava¨vwZ¥K
wkÿv wb‡q wZwb †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb|63
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv nv‡d¾x (in.) eªvþYevwoqv BDbywmqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡`
Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| wZwb GLv‡b 1930-1935 mvj ch©šÍ Kg©iZ _vKvi ci Zvi `yB mZx_© weL¨vZ gynvwÏm
gvIjvbv Ave`yj Innve I gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix (in.) Gi †h․_ D‡`¨v‡M XvKvi eo KvUvivq
RvwgÔAv ûmvBwbqv Avkivdzj ÔDj~g be D`¨‡g Pvjy K‡i Z_vq `xN© 23 eQi nv`xmmn Ab¨vb¨ wKZv‡ei
cvV`vb K‡ib| 1950 mv‡j wZwb XvKvi jvjev‡M RvwgÔAv KziAvwbqv ÔAvivweqv cÖwZôv K‡ib| cÖwZôvi cÖ_g
eQ‡iB D³ gvìvmvq `vIiv‡q nv`xm Pvjy Kiv nq| gvIjvbv nv‡d¾x (in) Z_vq Avg„Zz¨ gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
mnxn eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`v‡b iZ wQ‡jb| gvIjvbv nv‡d¾xi (in) QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ gynvwÏm
gvIjvbv wn`vqZzjøvn, gvIjvbv Ave`yj gRx`, gvIjvbv QvjvûÏxb, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvRxRyj nK,
Pi‡gvbvB‡qi cxi gvIjvbv •mq` dRjyj Kixg, ZvejxM Rvgvqv‡Zi Avgxi gvIjvbv Ave`yj AvRxR I eû
MÖš’cÖ‡YZv gvIjvbv Avgxbyj Bmjvg Gi bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b gvìvmv cÖwZôv I c„ô‡cvlKZv wQj
gvIjvbv nv‡d¾x ûRy‡ii Ab¨Zg wgkb| wZwb 1981 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` wbe©vP‡b AskMÖn‡Yi
ga¨w`‡q Zvi ivR •bwZK Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib|64 AZtci Ô†LjvdZ Av‡›`vjbÕ bv‡g mwµqfv‡e Bmjvgx
ivRbxwZ‡Z AskMÖnY K‡ib; hv KIgx A½‡b e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| gvIjvbv nv‡d¾x my`xN© 55
eQ‡ii nv`xm Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b AmsL¨ RMwØL¨vZ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` m„wó‡Z Abb¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
hv‡ì ci¤îvq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v Abvw` Kvje¨vcx Pjgvb _vK‡e|
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv nv‡d¾x (in.) Zvi eY©vX¨ Rxe‡bi BwZ ‡U‡b 1986 mv‡ji 8B ighvb 95 eQi eq‡m
BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zvi g„Zz¨‡Z evsjvi jv‡Lv Avwjg Ijvgv AwffveK k~b¨Zvi †e`bvq gy¾gvb n‡q c‡ob|65
gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`~g †LvZvbx (in.) [1897-1986 wLª.]

gyRvwn`-gynvwRi, kvqLyj gynvwÏmxb, gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`~g †LvZvbx ZzwK©¯Ívbx (in.); whwb evsjv‡`‡k
Ô†LvZvbx ûRyiÕ bv‡gB mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb nv`x‡m beexi cÖPviwegyL GK wbijm mvaK;
evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖvPxb Bmjvgx wkÿv‡K›`ª QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖavb gynvwÏm|
Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : Pxb mvaviYZ‡š¿i cwðg mxgv‡šÍ wmbwKqvs cÖ‡`‡ki †LvZvb AÂ‡ji mxsMvO Rbc` gvIjvbv
wbqvh gvL`~g †LvZvbx (in.) 1897 mv‡j cÖwm× kvqL cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gynv¤§` wmÏxK I
`v`v kvqL gynv¤§` ingvZzjøvn wQ‡jb †m AÂ‡ji agx©q †bZv| Zvi cyY¨gqx gvZvi bvg gynZvivgv Av‡qkv

63 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„. 258-262; gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„.137-138
64 gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 228
65 cÖv¸³, c„. 232
390
LvZzb| Qq eQi eq‡m wcZv-gvZv nvwi‡q BqvwZg evjK †LvZvbxi (in.) AwffveKZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib PvPv kvqL
gynv¤§` Kv‡mg|66
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK wbqvh gvL`~g †LvZvbx (in.) evi eQi eqm ch©šÍ †LvZv‡bi LvjvK gvìvmvq wkÿv jvf
K‡ib| KziAvb Kvixg, ZzK©x fvlv, Aviex fvlv, wdKn, MwYZmn ki‡n Rvgx ch©šÍ GLv‡b wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
Gici wZwb evwo †_‡K 13 w`‡bi `~i‡Z¡ Aew¯’Z HwZnvwmK we`¨vcxV KvkM‡i fwZ© nb| Z_vq wZwb mvZ
eQi Aa¨qb K‡i †n`vqvmn wewfbœ Bmjvgx Áv‡b eyrcwË AR©b K‡ib| wZwb 1935 mv‡j gvZ…f~wgi Rb¨ hy×
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z `xN©c_ AwZµg K‡ib| AZtci wZwb bvbv cÖwZK~jZv D‡cÿv K‡i fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe‡›` fwZ© nb| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb Zvi cÖLi axkw³ e‡j wkÿK‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z mÿg nb|
K‡Vvi Aaëm‡qi gva¨‡g wZwb mKj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| d‡j wZwb Z_vq GKRb gygZvh
QvÎ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| wZwb Z_vq GMvi eQi Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b `vIiv‡q nv`xm I
Zvdmx‡ii mb` jvf K‡ib| Zvi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cÖavb kvqL gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.)|67
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv †LvZvbx (in) 1945 mv‡j QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq cÖavb
gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Avg„Zz¨ wZwb D³ c‡`B AwawôZ ‡_‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib|68
gvIjvbv †LvZvbx Rb¥ m~‡Î ZzwK©¯’vbx nIqvq ZzwK© fvlx wQ‡jb| wKš‘ cvV`vb Kv‡j wZwb cÖavbZ Aviex I
D`©~ fvlvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| Z‡e gv‡S g‡a¨ evsjvI ej‡Zb e‡j Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ †KD
†KD ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi fvlvweZ‡K© bv Rwo‡q GKKfv‡e Zvi QvÎ Ges Qv‡Îi QvÎMY evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vq †h cwigvb Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Ges †i‡L Pj‡Qb Zv Ab¨ †Kvb GKK gynvwÏ‡mi †ejvq weij|
ZvB †`Lv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki Avwjqv gvìvmv RM‡Z Zvi •Zwi nv`xmwekvi`B wmsnfvM| e¯‘Z G mKj
ev½vjx nv`xmwe`M‡Yi ci¤^civq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aviv ZviB Ae`vb|
Zuvi L¨vZbvgv QvÎe„›` : 1945 mv‡j †_‡K 1986 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G wbijm mvaK `xN© Pvi `k‡Ki
g‡a¨ 2,858 Rb wkÿv_x© Zuvi wbKU †_‡K mivmwi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i mb` jvf K‡ib| Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡K hw`
500 Rb K‡i QvÎ‡K nv`x‡mi mb` w`‡q _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Zuvi nv‡Z Mov gynvwÏ‡mi msL¨v `vuovq 14 jÿ
29 nvRvi|69 hv‡ì AwaKvskB wewfbœ wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b Aa¨ÿ, Dcva¨ÿ, kvqLyj nv`xm, gynvwÏm I wewfbœ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡ Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-
1. gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kvwì; QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmvi mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ Ges
I.AvB.wm. Gi wdKn GKv‡Wgxi evsjv‡`k¯’ GKgvÎ AvRxeb cÖwZwbwa |
2. W. gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb; cÖ‡dmi XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, mv‡eK wfwm, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv|
3. Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv AvLZvi dviæK (in.); wewkó wkÿvwe`|
4. cÖ‡dmi gvIjvbv gynv¤§` mvjvDwÏb; RvZxq gmwR` evqZzj gyKvii‡gi eZ©gvb LZxe |
5. •`wbK BbwKjve Gi wbe©vnx m¤úv`K gvIjvbv Kwe iûj Avgxb Lvb|
6. Aa¨vcK W. wRqvDj nK; KivPx wek¦we`¨vjq |
7. mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvb (in.); QviQxbv `viæmybœvZ Avjxqv gvìvmv|
8. mv‡eK cÖavb gydZx gvIjvbv Av.g.g. Avngv`yjøvn (in.); QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
9. mv‡eK Dcva¨ÿ gvIjvbv gydZx †gv¯Ídv nvwg`x (in.);QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
10. gynvwÏm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wiÌqvbyj Kixg; QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
11. mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ giûg gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvgRv` †nvmvBb (in.);QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
66 Aa¨ÿ Av. L. g AveyeKi wmÏxK, Avjøvgv wbqvR gvL`~g †LvZvbx i., XvKv: `viæbbvRvZ cÖKvkbx, cÖ_g cÖKvk RyjvB 2014 wLª., c„.15
67 cÖv¸³, c„. 21
68 cÖv¸³, c„. 31
69 W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv wbqvR gvL`yg Avj-†LvZvbx AvZ-ZzwK©¯vÍ bx (in.), XvKv: meyR wgbvi cÖKvkbx, 1994
wLª., c„.50
391
12. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv W. •mq` kivdZ; Avjx QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
13. mv‡eK gynvwÏm gvIjvbv m~dx Avãyi ikx` (in.);QviQxbv ìæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
14. cÖavb gydvmwmi gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb; QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv|
15. Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK (in.); BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
16. Aa¨vcK W. gvIjvbv Av.i.g. Avjx nvq`vi gywk©`; BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq |
17. Aa¨vcK Avbmvi DÏxb (in.); BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|
18. Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` dRjyi ingvb; Aviex wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq |
19. Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`; BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq |
20. Aa¨vcK W. G.GBP. G. BqvnBqvi ingvb; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, Kzwóqv Gi mv‡eK Wxb |
21. Aa¨vcK W. Zv‡ni Avng`; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq,Kzwóqv|
22. Aa¨vcK W. Avãyj jwZd; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv|
23. mv‡eK Aa¨vcK W. G.we.Gg. wmÏxKzi ingvb; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv|
24. Aa¨vcK W. AvdvR DÏxb; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv|
25. Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` myjvBgvb; Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv|
26. Aa¨ÿ W. gvIjvbv Kvwdj DÏxb miKvi; XvKv †bQvwiqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
27. gynvwÏm G.‡K.Gg Avãyj Iqv`y`; XvKv †bQvwiqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
28. mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ cÖ‡dmi W. G.‡K.Gg. BqvKze †nvmvBb; XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
29. we.Gg.wU.wU.AvB Gi mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb|
30. mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ljxjyi ingvb; SvjKvwV G.Gm.Kvwgj gvìvmv|
31. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv bRiæj Bmjvg Avj gviæd; gnvLvjx †nvmvBwbqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
32. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` RvKvwiqv; Lyjbv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
33. mv‡eK Dcva¨ÿ gvIjvbv G.wKD.Gg wQdvZzjøvn; Zvwgiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv|
34. mv‡eK Aa¨ÿ giûg gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wbRvg DÏxb; ‡P․MvQv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
35. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nv`xD¾vgvb; avcmvZMov Kvwgj gvìvmv|
36. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb; Kzwóqv KzqvZzj Bmjvg Kvwgj gvìvmv|
37. Dcva¨ÿ gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwjg; Kzwóqv KzqvZzj Bmjvg Kvwgj gvìvmv|
38. Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb; PuvcvBbeveMÄ Kvwgj gvìvmv|
39. Aa¨ÿ Avey BDmyd Lvb; Rvgvjcyi gvjÂ Avj Avgxb Kvwgj gvìvmv,cÖgyL|70
iPbvejx : 1. gvIjvbv †LvZvbx (in.) Aviex I D`©y fvlvq Ôwmnvn wmËvi fvl¨Õ m¤^wjZ 7 L‡Ð mgvß GK
wekvj MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G MÖ‡š’ eyLvix, gymwjg I wZiwghx cÖf…wZ wKZv‡ei mb` I gZ‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| GwU †gvU 3472 c„ôvi wekvj MÖš’wU 7 L‡Ð wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q |
2. gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`~g †LvZvbx (in.) KZ©„K Aviex fvlvq iwPZ ÒgvAvwidzj †LvZvbx Avjv mybvwbZ
wZiwghxÓ bv‡g cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GwU wmnvn-wmËvn Gi Ab¨Zg MÖš’ Rv‡g wZiwghx Gi
Aviex e¨vL¨vMÖš’ wn‡m‡e iwPZ n‡q‡Q|71
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv †LvZvbx (in.) 1986 mv‡ji 29 A‡±vei eyaevi weKvj 5 Uvq XvKvq
BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 89 eQi| Avhxgcyi †Mvi¯’v‡b Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|72
70 Aa¨ÿ Av. L. g AveyeKi wmÏxK, cÖv¸³, c„.44-46

71 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„.33-35
72 W. gynv¤§` gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb, ÔgyRvwn` gynvwÏQ Avjøvgv wbqvR gvL`yg †LvZvbxÕ •`wbK BbwKjve, cÖv¸³, 21wW‡m¤î,1986wLª.
392
gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBqyg (in.) [1911-1988 wLª.]

cwiwPwZ-wkÿv Rxeb : HwZnëvnx `viæj Dj~g gyCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi PZz_© kvqLyj nv`xm,
gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBq~g (in.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi AšÍM©Z ivDRvb _vbvi Mwniv MÖv‡g 1911 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv `viæj Dj~g nvUnvRvix‡Z mgvß K‡i D”P wkÿvi Rb¨ wZwb 1934 mv‡j
fvi‡Zi myweL¨vZ Bmjvgx we`¨vcxV `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv
•mq` ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx I gvIjvbv Beªvnxg evjqvex (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D”PZi Ávb
jvf K‡i 1940 mv‡j ¯^‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|73
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBq~g †`‡k wd‡i bvwRinvU eo gvìvmvq wkÿKZv
†ckvq †hvM`v‡bi ga¨w`‡q nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv ïiæ K‡ib| AZtci 1941 mv‡j `viæj Dj~g nvUnvRvix‡Z
†hvM`vb K‡ib| AmvaviY ¯§„wZkw³ I Zxÿè †gavm¤úbœ gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBq~g (in.) wbR¯^ †hvM¨Zv I
cÖwZfvi ìæY µgvš^‡q c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡i 1959 mv‡j kvqLyj nv`xm I mìæj gy`vi‡imxb c‡` mgvmxb
nb| Rxe‡bi †kl gyûZ© ch©šÍ wZwb G c‡` AwawôZ †_‡K my`xN© cuwPk eQi hver AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi mv‡_
mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i `vim cÖ`v‡b iZ _v‡Kb|74 Zvi AMwYZ QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨- gvIjvbv
Zvdv¾yj nK, (wm‡jU); gvIjvbv kvgmyj Avjg, (gynvwÏm, jvjevM gvìvmv); gvIjvbv Avãyj gyexb,
(gynvwÏm, DRvbx gvìvmv); gydZx gvIjvbv Bhnviæj Bmjvg, (jvjLvb evRvi gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg); gvIjvbv
†kL Avng`, (gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix gvìvmv); gvIjvbv Avãyj KzÏym, (gynZvwgg, evey bMi gvìvmv);
gvIjvbv nvwdR †Rvbv‡q`, (gynvwÏm, eveybMi gvìvmv); gydZx nvexeyi ingvb, (m¤úv`K, gvwmK
`vIqvZzj nK); gydZx gynv¤§` Avjx, (gynZvwgg, †gLj gvìvmv) I gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb, (gynvwÏm,
`viæi ivkv` gvìvmv, XvKv) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨; hviv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvi m~`xN©
48 eQ‡ii wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi †h mKj evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` •Zwi K‡i †M‡Qb, Zv‡ì ci¤úivq
nv`x‡mi Av‡jv weZiY Pjgvb _vK‡e AbšÍ Kvje¨vcx|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKwbô ‡meK, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBq~g (in.) Zvui AmsL¨ gynvwÏm,
Avwjg-Ijvgv, f³-Abyiæ³‡ì †kvKmvM‡i fvwm‡q 1988 mv‡j `qvgq cÖf~i ing‡Zi QvqvZ‡j ¯’vqx
Avevm MÖnY K‡ib|75
gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb (in.) [1905-1991 wLª.]
Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : 1905 mv‡j kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb †bvqvLvjx mì _vbvi AšÍM©Z biIg
BDwbq‡bi †jgyqv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ Øxwb cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Avãyj gRx` I gvZv iwk`v
LvZzb DfqB AZ¨šÍ Øxb`vi I ZvKIqvevb wQ‡jb| we‡klZ: Zvi gv wQ‡jb evsjv, D`©y, Aviex fvlvq
cvi`k©x Avwjgv I Rvwn`v| Zvi evj¨ Rxeb GZUv myLKi wQj bv; KviY Zvi evev-gvi we‡”Q‡` Zvi Rxe‡b
†b‡g Av‡m GK Pig `~‡f©vM|76
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb mr evevi M„‡n gv‡qi ZË¡eav‡b jvwjZ-cvwjZ n‡Z _v‡Kb| Ae‡k‡l
15 eQi eq‡m Zv‡K gKZ‡e fwZ© Kiv nq| Aciw`‡K Zvi mr evev gvIjvbv Avãyj nvB Gi Kv‡Q bvûgxi
ch©šÍ wKZvevw` Aa¨vqb K‡ib| Zvici Zv‡K †dbx Avwjqv gvìvmvq 5g †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© Kiv‡bv nq| GLv‡b
wZwb gvIjvbv gvIjvbv Ievq`yj nK, gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvRgx, gvIjvbv AvdRvj ûmvBb (in.) cÖgyL
Zvi cÖwm× wkÿK| G gv`vivmv †_‡K wZwb h_vµ‡g 1939 mv‡j `vwLj, 1941 mv‡j Avwjg I 1942

74 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Rybv‡q` eveybMix, Ô`viæjDj~g nvUnvRvix I Bj‡g nv`xQÕ, gvwmK gCbyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„.26
75 cÖv¸³
76 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 12-10-2020 Zvwi‡L Z`xq cyÎ gvIjvbv kvn Bidvb (gynvwÏm, †dbx `viæj Dj~g gvìvmv) Gi mvÿvrKvi
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
393
mv‡j dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z †evW© cixÿvq e„wËmn K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| AZtci D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb
`viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| wZwb †mLv‡b 1941-1943 ch©šÍ kvqLyj nv`xm †nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx
(in.) Gi wbKU †_‡K nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib|77
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : `xN© Pvi eQi ci 1944 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i Zvi wkÿK †dbx Avwjqv
gvìvmvi wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji civg‡k© wZwb †m cÖwZôv‡b 26 UvKv nv‡i gvwmK †eZ‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| ch©vqµ‡g
wZwb c‡`vbœwZ †c‡q kvqLyj nv`x‡mi gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e Zvi myL¨vwZ Pvwiw`‡K
Qwo‡q co‡j eû Ijvgv wKivg ch©šÍ Zvi nv`x‡mi ì‡m Ask wb‡Zb| Zvi `vi‡m †hb wcÖqbexi gyLwbm„Z
evYxi b~‡ii Avfv Qwo‡q coZ wkÿv_©x‡ì ü`q Mnx‡b| d‡j †kÖvZvivI GK HkxUv‡b PvZK cvwLi b¨vq
gš¿gy» n‡q Av‡eM Nb cwi‡e‡k cvV Dc‡fvM Ki‡Zb| wZwb †dbx Avwjqv gvìvmvq 1949-1989 mvj
ch©šÍ Zvi m~`xN© 40 eQ‡ii wkÿKZv Rxe‡b evsjvfvlx †h mKj nv`xmwekvi` •Zix K‡i‡Qb, hviv wewfbœ
wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi Ávb weZi‡Y Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖwm× K‡qKRb n‡”Q-
Zvi †Q‡j †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmvi Dca¨vÿ gvIjvbv Avãyj nvbœvb, †dbx Avwjqvi gynvwÏm
gvIjvbv Beªvnxg I gvIjvbv BmgvCj, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK W. Av.Z.g gym‡jn DÏxb, PÆMÖvg
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK W. Av.d.g Avwgbyj nK cÖgyL| G QvovI wZwb IqvR-bmxnZ, Lyrev-e³…Zv I
`vIqvZ-Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g cweÎ KyiAvb-nv`x‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i AvRxeb wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ‡jb|
BwšÍKvj : G gnvb ÁvbmvaK, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb 1991 mv‡j 20 AvM÷ BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|78
gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.) [1918-1993 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.) 1918 mv‡j wSbvB`n †Rjvi AšÍM©Z nwiYvKzÐ
_vbvaxb fevbxcyi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †g․jex †gvnv¤§` †Rvbve
Avjx †kL GKRb †bKKvi, ci‡nRMvi e¨w³ wn‡m‡e mgv‡R cwiwPZ wQ‡jb|79
wkÿv Rxeb : Ávb Zvcm gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.) †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zz‡Lvo †gavex I AZ¨šÍ
eyw×gvb wQ‡jb| evj¨Kv‡j ¯’vbxq fevbxcyi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV mgvß K‡i †Nvlwejv nvB ¯‥z‡j fwZ©
nb| D³ cÖwZôvb †_‡K Gm.Gm.wm †evW© cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Gici gv¸iv
K‡j‡R fwZ© nb; wKš‘ cv‡V Zvi gb e‡m bv, Øxwb Áv‡bi cÖwZ Zvi Z„òv_© ü`‡qi Aw¯’iZv †Kvbfv‡eB
jvNe nw”Qj bv| Ae‡k‡l Zvi fwMœcwZ †g․jex jyrdi ingvb GB e¨vKzjZv Dcjwä K‡i 1937 mv‡ji
†Kvb GK iv‡Zi †kl cÖn‡i ÿYRb¥v GB gbxlx‡K w`wjøi c‡_ GwM‡q †`qvi Rb¨ KwjKvZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv
K‡ib| w`wjøi wbRvgyÏx‡bi gvìvmvi wkÿve‡l©i wZb gvm AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci wkÿK‡ì civgk©µ‡g we‡kl
eë¯’vcbvq Zuv‡K •ÎgvwmK cixÿvq Ask MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq| wZwb †m cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY©
nb| AZtci d‡Zncyi gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q wZwb Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ GKUvbv 6 eQi †jLvcov K‡ib|
Zvic‡i 1943 mv‡j wZwb `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` fwZ© nb| GLv‡b wZwb Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq Mfxi
Aa¨q‡bi ga¨w`‡q AMvacvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib Ges 1947 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvm K‡ib|
AZtci Bmjvgx AvBb wefv‡M (BdZv) fwZ© n‡q wZwb wdKn I Dm~jyj wdKn wel‡q we‡kl eyrcwË AR©b
K‡ib Ges Zvdmxi wefv‡M Aa¨qb K‡i Dj~gyj KziAv‡bi Dci cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib|80
77 cÖv¸³
78 cÖv¸³
79 gydwZ Avãyjøvn dviæK, Avjøvgv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.): Rxeb I Av`k©, XvKv: †Kvwnb~i jvB‡eªix, 2005wLª., c„.13-71 (we.`ª.)
80 gydZx gvhnviæj Bmjvg Imgvb Kv‡mgx, weL¨vZ 100 Ijvgv-gvkv‡q‡Li QvÎRxeb, XvKv: evW© Kw¤úª›U GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ, 2009wLª.,
c„.345-351 (we.`ª.)
394
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv h‡kvix Zvi kvqL †nvmvBb Avngv` gv`vbxi (in.) civgk©µ‡g
wZwb 1948 mv‡j MInviWv½v gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges kvqLyj nv`xm I cÖavb gydwZi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡ib| AZtci 1959 mv‡j gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb (in.) my`xN© GMv‡iv eQi MInviWv½v gvìvmvq mìæj
†gv`v‡i©mx‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zvici wZwb h‡kv‡i wd‡i G‡m Zuvi Rxe‡bi Aweivg mvabv I
HKvwšÍK cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡g Ô‡ij‡÷kb gvìvmv‡KÕ cÖwZôv Kivi AvcÖvY ‡Póv Pvjvb| d‡j Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨B
Gi mybvg myL¨vwZ †`k-we‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| Zuvi cÖvYwcÖq wkÿK kvqLyj Avè gvIjvbv GRvR Avjxi
(in) bv‡g AÎ gvìvmvi bvgKiY K‡ib ÒRv‡gqv GRvwRqvÓ|81 Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B gvìvmvwU `wÿY
AÂ‡ji Ab¨Zg Ges e„nËg h‡kvi AÂ‡ji †kÖô Øxwb gvìvmvq cwiYZ nq| wZwb BwšÍKv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ
D³ cÖwZôv‡bi kvqLyj nv`xm I gynZvwg‡gi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ ‡_‡K AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`
m„wó‡Z Abb¨mvaviY f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Zvi †Q‡j gvIjvbv Av‡bvqviæj Kixg D³ gvìvmvi
kvqLyj nv`xm I gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|
BwšÍKvj : AmvaviY cÖwZfv`xß I eûwea †hvM¨Zvi AwaKvix, nv`xmkv‡¯¿i gnvb ‡meK, Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q
Bmjv‡gi kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv, Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× cÖwZev`x KÉ¯î gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.) 1993
mv‡ji 18 RyjvB e„n¯úwZevi mKvj mv‡o QqUvq ¯^xq gvney‡ei Wv‡K mvov w`‡q Bnavg Z¨vM K‡ib|82
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wn`v‡qZzjøvn (in.) [1908-1996 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : wesk kZvãxi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Ab¨Zg cÖvYcyiæl gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wn`v‡qZzjøvn (in.)| Zvi
wcZv gyeviKzjøvn Ges gvZv gynZvivgv nvmbv evby| wZwb Zuvi Avmj bv‡gi PvB‡Z ÔgynvwÏm mv‡ne ûRyiÕ
bv‡gB cÖwm× wQ‡jb| wZwb AvbygvwbK 1908 mv‡j Puv`cyi †Rjvaxb kvnZjxi cvk¦©eZx© gywgbcy‡i
HwZnëvnx GK gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|83
wkÿv Rxeb : cvwievwiKfv‡e evev-gvi nv‡Z evjK wn`v‡qZzjøvn Gi cov‡jLvi nv‡ZLwo nq| AZtci wZwb
cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ we-evwoqv Rvwgqv BDbywmqvq fwZ© nb| GLv‡b wZwb wgkKvZ RvgvZ ch©šÍ
cov‡kvbv K‡ib| Zvici D”PZi wkÿvjv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`‡ki mxgvbv †cwi‡q fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`
Mgb K‡ib| `xN© Qq eQi †mLv‡b Aa¨qb K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vIiv‡q nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib| wZwb gvIjvbv
†nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) †_‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i mb` jvf K‡ib| cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ `xN© GK
eQi _vbvfe‡b nvKxgyj D¤§vZ gyRvwÏ‡` wgjøvZ gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi mvwbœ‡a¨ Ava¨vwZ¥K
mvabvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| 84
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv wn`v‡qZzjøvn kixqZ I ZwiK‡Zi Áv‡b c~Y©Zv AR©b K‡i
gvZ…f~wg‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| AZtci XvKv¯’ eoKvUviv gvìvmvq 12 eQi gZvšÍ‡i 14 eQi nv`xmkv¯¿
wkÿv `vb K‡ib| Gici 1953 mv‡j jvjevM gvìvmvq `xN© 34 eQi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvix
I Rvwg wZiwghx Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| G Qvov Ab¨vb¨ welq cvV`v‡bI wZwb wQ‡jb wm×n¯Í| cieZx©‡Z D³
cÖwZôv‡bi gynZvwgg wn‡m‡eI wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Rxeb mvqv‡ýi w`b¸‡jv hvÎvevox¯’ Rvwgqv
Bmjvwgqvq AwZevwnZ K‡ib| G Qvov 1969 mvj †_‡K 1995 mvj ch©šÍ dwi`vev` gvìvmvi gyZvIqvwjøi
¸iæ`vwqZ¡ wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡ib| 85 nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim`v‡b wZwb wQ‡jb Abb¨ mvaviY •ewk‡óï
AwaKvix; Zvi hv`yKix †K․kj, AmvaviY cvwÐZ¨ I K„wZ‡Z¡i cÖgvY wn‡m‡e evsjvi cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡ji AmsL¨
gynvwÏm RxešÍ mvÿx n‡q Av‡Qb| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i PP©v, cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii GK bxie wecøex gnvcyiæl gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` wn`v‡qZzjøvn (in.) 26 gvP© 1996 mv‡j G bk¦i c„w_ex Z¨vM K‡i cicv‡i cvwo Rgvb|86
81 gynv¤§` nviæb AvRxRx, nv`x‡Qi wndvhZ I msKjb, PÆMÖvg: eveybMi,1997wLª., c„.155

82 gydwZ Avãyjøvn dviæK, cÖv¸³, c„.71
83 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, XvKv: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev`, c„. 14
84 gvIjvbv L›`Kvi gykZvK Avngv` kixqZcyix, Bj‡g nv`x‡Qi D¾¡j fv¯î Avjøvgv wn`v‡qZzjøvn, XvKv: Zv.we, c„.5
85 cÖv¸³, c„.6
86 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, cÖv¸³, c„.14
395
gvIjvbv kvgmyÏxb Kv‡mgx (in.) [1923-1996 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv kvgmyÏxb Kv‡mgx (in.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi m›`¦xc _vbvaxb bqvew¯Í GjvKvq
AvbygvwbK 1923 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv †g․jfx gynv¤§` gyÏvmwmi|
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq g³e I cÖvBgvix ¯‥z‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ wiqvRyj Dj~g gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q
Aviex e¨vKi‡Yi cÖv_wgK MÖš’vw` cvVv‡šÍ wZwb m›`¦xc nwikcyi ewkwiqv Avngw`qv wmwbqi gvìvmvq fwZ©
nb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vwLj, Avwjg I dvwhj cvm K‡ib| AZtci nv`xm kv‡¯¿ eyrcwË
jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1955 mv‡j fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` Mgb K‡ib| `yÕeQi †Ìe‡›` covïbv Kivi
ci kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi Kvi‡Y wZwb †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Rxix gvìvmvq GK eQi covïbv K‡ib|
1958 mv‡j wZwb jv‡nvi Mgb K‡ib Ges weL¨vZ Bmjvgx wkÿv‡K›`ª Rv‡gqv Avkivwdqv jv‡nvi †_‡K
nv`xm I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| wZwb gvIjvbv Bw`ªm Kv›`vjfx, gvIjvbv im~j Lvb (in.)
cÖgy‡Li gZ wek¦weL¨vZ gbxlx‡ì Kv‡Q nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1961 mv‡j kvqLyZ
Zvdmxi gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx jv‡nvix (in.) Gi wbKU †_‡K Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿i mb` jvf K‡ib|87
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx 1961 mv‡j †gv‡gbkvnxi †mvnvMx gvìvmvi wkÿK
wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb XvKvi eo KvUviv Avkivdzj Dj~g gvìvmvq `yB eQi Ges
dwi`vev` gvìvmvq 6/7 eQi wkÿKZv K‡ib| 1970 mv‡j hvÎvevwo gvìvmv cÖwZôvqI wZwb Ae`vb
iv‡Lb Ges GK eQi A-•eZwbK wkÿK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci wZwb
PÆMÖvg ïjKeni gvìvmvi gynZvwgg Ges `vgcvov evBZzj Avhxh gmwR‡ì Bgvg I LwZe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| 1975 mv‡j wZwb XvKvi gxicyi AviRvev` Rv‡gqv †nvmvBwbqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx (in.) AK¬všÍ cwikÖg K‡i gvìvmvwU‡K `vIiv nv`xm (UvB‡Uj)
gvìvmvq DbœxZ K‡ib Ges gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|88 cÖvq 40 eQ‡ii Kg©Rxe‡b
gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx Øxb Bmjv‡gi bvbvg~Lx †mevg~jK KvR K‡i ‡M‡Qb| wZwb gvìvmvi gy`viwim, gynvwÏm,
gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| AvwK`v‡q LZ‡g beyIqvZ Gi †ndvR‡Zi
D‡Ï‡k¨ MwVZ LZ‡g beyIqvZ Av‡›`vjb cwil‡ì mfvcwZ, gRwj‡m Zvnvddz‡R LZ‡g beyIqZ ms¯’vi
Ab¨Zg kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv wn‡m‡e wbôvi mv‡_ Cgvbx `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx (in.) MÖš’ iPbvqI †ek Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
evBZzj †gvKvÏvm I gmwR‡` AvKmv, wLªóvb wgkbvix‡ì DrcvZ, ighv‡bi mIMvZ, Bmjvg ebvg
KwgDwbRg, ag©wbi‡cÿZv, wkqv Kv‡di, Kvw`qvbx ag©gZ cÖf„wZ| G Qvov wZwb mvßvwnK RwgqZ I gvwmK
cqMv‡g nK bv‡g `ywU cwÎKv cÖKvk K‡i KziAvb-nv`xm cÖPvi cÖmv‡i Ae`vb iv‡Lb| gvIjvbv kvgmyÏxb
Kv‡mgx (in.) 1996 mv‡ji 19 A‡±vei kwbevi iv‡Z 63 eQi eq‡m BwšÍKvj K‡ib|89
gvIjvbv Avãyj gRx` (in.) [1918-1997 wLª.]

Rb¥ I esk cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Avãyj gRx`; whwb ÔXvKzex ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| wZwb 1918 mv‡j
gywÝMÄ †Rjvi †j․nRs _vbvaxb QvqvXvKv gvqvgvLv KzonvwU MÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx m¤£všÍ fuzBqv cwiev‡i
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Avdmvi DÏxb fyuBqv I gvZv Kvixgv †eMg| XvKzex ûRyi wQ‡jb wcZv gvZvi
AZ¨šÍ Av`y‡i mšÍvb| †Kbbv Zvi c~‡e© Zvui AvU AvUwU mnì ci ci BwšÍKvj K‡ib Ges beg mšÍvb
wn‡m‡e wZwb c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡ib| Zvi AvMgbx evZ©vq fyuBqv cwiev‡i Lywki wn‡jøvj e‡q hvq|90

88 gvIjvbv Gm Gg Avwgbyj Bmjvg, evsjvi kZ Av‡j‡gi RxebK_v, cÖv¸³, c„.317
89 cÖv¸³, c„. 318
90 gynv¤§` Avey Avkivd, jvjevM Rv‡gqvi Mwe©Z AZxZ Av‡jvi Kv‡djv, XvKv: Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjevM, 1997 wLª., c„.136
396
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK Avãyj gRx` †j․nRs ‡_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv ‡k‡l XvKvi eo KvUvivi HwZnëvnx Avkivdzj
Dj~g gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| GLv‡b wZwb gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.), cxiRx ûRyi (in.), nv‡d¾x ûRyi
(in.) I kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv wn`v‡qZzjøvn (in.) cÖgyL †`k e‡iY¨ Avwjg‡ì wbKU Øxbx wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb D”PZi Bmjvgx wkÿv AR©‡bi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi mvnvivbcy‡ii gvhv‡ni Dj~g gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|
†mLv‡b wZwb gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi wewkó Ljxdv gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb Kv‡gjcyix (in.),
gvIjvbv Avmv`yjøvn (in.) cÖgyL L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏmM‡Yi wbKU wmnvn-wmËvi nv`xm MÖš’mg~n Aa¨qb K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb wek¦ weL¨vZ we`¨vcxV `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` nv`xmkv‡¯¿i M‡elYvg~jK we‡kl †Kv‡m© fwZ© nb|
wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi gydZx Avhg L¨vZ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kdx (in.) Gi wbKU wdKn kv‡¯¿ m‡e©v”P wWwMÖ Ges
gvIjvbv Bìxm Kv›`vjfxi wbKU †_‡K mnxn gymwjg kix‡di we‡kl mb` jvf K‡ib|91
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : ‡MvcvjM‡Äi MInviWv½v gvìvmvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wkÿK wn‡m‡e
†hvM`v‡bi gva¨w`‡q gvIjvbv Avãyj gRx‡ì Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq| cieZx©‡Z wZwb ev‡Minv‡Ui
D`qcyi gvìvmvqI wkÿKZv K‡ib| cÖwZK~j cwi‡e‡ki ìæb wZwb †mLvb †_‡K ewikvj gvngyw`qv
gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e wKQzw`b `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l 1952 mv‡j jvjevM
gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ n‡j Zv‡K gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM `vb K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb g„Zzï c~e© ch©šÍ `xN© 45 eQi
my`ÿ gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e ÒKzZzeym wmËvnÓ Gi cÖvq me nv`xm MÖ‡š’i Aa¨vcbv K‡ib | Zuvi G `xN© mgq
jvjev‡M wkÿKZv Kv‡j eû ¯’vb †_‡K eo eo c‡` wkÿKZvi Avnevb Avmv m‡ËI wZwb AÎ cÖwZôvb †Q‡o
Ab¨ †Kv_vI hvbwb| my`xN© 52 eQ‡ii wkÿKZv Rxe‡b wZwb GKRb my`ÿ gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e hZ msL¨K
gynvwÏm •Zwi K‡i‡Qb Zvi mwVK wn‡me wbY©q Kiv Am¤¢e| Z‡e Zvi weL¨vZ QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨- gvIjvbv
QvjvDwÏb (in.); cÖ‡dmi AvdZve DwÏb, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; cÖ‡dmi †gmevn DwÏb BKevj, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq; wcÖwÝc¨vj Avãyi iv¾vK; gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg, cxi mv‡ne Pi‡gvbvB; gydZx dRjyj nK
Avwgbx, gynZvwgg, jvjevM gvìvmv; gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb, gynZvwgg, hvÎvevox gvìvmv; gvIjvbv Avãyj
nvB, gynvwÏm, eo KvUiv I ivngvwbqv gvìvmv; nv‡dR gvIjvbv iwdK Avngv`, Bgvg, evqZzj †gvKviig;
gvIjvbv BDmyd, LZxe Zviv gmwR`, (XvKzex ûRy‡ii eo †Q‡j); gvIjvbv K¡vix Devq`yjøvn, LZxe, PKevRvi
Rv‡g gmwR` cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|92
gvìvmv cÖwZôv : gvìvmv wkÿv m¤úªmvi‡Y XvKzex ûRy‡ii f~wgKv we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb G‡`‡ki
gvìvmvi AcÖZzjZvi cÖwZ jÿ¨ K‡i 1384 wnRix m‡b Kvgiv½xiP‡i nvRx gynv¤§` Avjxi IqvKdK…Z
Rwgi Dci gvìvmv‡q b~wiqv bv‡g bZzb GKwU Bmjvgx wkÿv †K‡›`ªi wfwËcÖ¯Íi ¯’vcb K‡ib| G gvìvmvi
c„ô‡cvlK I cÖavb cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) cvjb Ki‡jI GwU cÖwZôvi †cQ‡b XvKzex
ûRy‡ii Ae`vb A‡bK †ekx| XvjKvbM‡ii evBZzj Dj~g gvìvmv XvKzex ûRy‡ii GKK ¯^‡cœi mv_©K
ev¯Íevqb| D³ gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ nIqv ci †_‡K wZwb AvgiY Gi cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ myPviæiƒ‡c cvjb K‡i
†M‡Qb| G Qvov wZwb wbRevox msjMœ g`xbvZzj Dj~g gvìvmvi cÖavb c„ô‡cvl‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb g„Zzï c~‡e© wbR evox‡Z GKUv gwnjv gvìvmvi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡i ‡M‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv Avãyj gRx` nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv`v‡bi cvkvcvwk MÖš’ iPbvqI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ave`vb
†i‡L‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ, cÖKvwkZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv-1. gymwjg kix‡di e¨vL¨v MÖš’ 2. kixqZ I
ZixKZ Gi evsjv Abyev`; 3. ivwkqv I kÖwgK; 4. GK wgwb‡Ui gvìvmv Gi e½vbyev`; 5. gmbex kix‡di
evsjv Abyev`, cÖf…wZ|93
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wb‡ew`ZcÖvY †meK gvIjvbv Avãyj gRx` (XvKzex ûRyi) 79 eQi eq‡m 1997
mv‡ji 22 †g, e„n¯úwZevi we‡Kj wZbUvq G aiv †Q‡o cÖf~i mvwbœ‡a¨ cvwo Rgvb K‡ib|94
91 cÖv¸³, c„. 137

93 cÖv¸³, c„. 342
94 gynv¤§` Avey Avkivd, cÖv¸³, c„. 137
397
gvIjvbv myjZvb Avng` bvbycyix (in.) [1932-1997 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : Ava¨wZ¥K RM‡Zi gnvb mvaK I wPwKrmK, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv myjZvb Avng`
bvbycyix 1932 mv‡j PÆMÖvg †Rjvi dwUKQwo _vbvaxb ag©cyi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Rbve dRjyi ingvb Ges gvZvi bvg Ig`v LvZzb| Zvi DaŸ©Zb cyiæl gvIjvbv
AvKei Avjx AZ¨šÍ DuPzgv‡ci Avjøvni Ijx wQ‡jb e‡j Rvbv hvq|95
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK myjZvb Avng` cvuP eQi eq‡m mnxnfv‡e KziAvb wZjvIqvZ wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
AZtci wbR MÖv‡gB cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvß K‡i 1932 mv‡j gvìvmv †ngvqZzj Bmjvg bvbycy‡i (eZ©gvb bvg
RvwgÔAv IevBw`qv bvbycyi) fwZ© nb| wZwb GLv‡b kin †eKvqv RvgvZ ch©šÍ covi ci 1937 mv‡j D”P
wkÿv AR©‡bi wbwgË `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb wmnvn wmËvnmn nv`x‡mi cÖavb cÖavb
wKZve Aa¨qb K‡ib|96
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wZwb 1943 mv‡j bvwRinvU bQxiæj Dj~g
gvìvmvq wkÿKZv †ckvq †hvM`vb K‡i cÖvq wZb eQi D³ cÖwZôv‡b KyiAvb-nv`x‡mi cvV`vb K‡ib|
AZtci 1946 mv‡j wZwb RvwgÔAv Bmjvwgqv AvwRRyj Dj~g eveybM‡i gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib|
GLv‡b wZwb gymwjg kixd cov‡Zb| 1960 mv‡j wZwb RvwgAv IevBw`qv bvbycy‡i gynZvwgg wn‡m‡e
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuvi †hvM`v‡bi mgq gvìvmvwU wQj Rvgv‡Z bvûg (6ô †kÖwY) ch©šÍ| Zvi wbijm cwikÖg
I mvabvi d‡j gvìvmvwU 1976 mv‡j `vIivq nv`xm Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e nq| wZwb AvgiY D³ c‡` Kg©iZ
†_‡K nv`xm wkÿv`vb I gvìvmvi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Y wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎ‡ì
g‡a¨ gvIjvbv RwgiæÏxb, gyZnvwgg, RvwgAv IevBw`qv bvbycyi; gvIjvbv Avãyj evix, gynvwÏm, D³
gvìvmv; gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Bw`ªm, gynZvwgg, gvìvmv Avjgwmqv, PÆMÖvg, gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvKzbœex, kvqLyj nv`xm
I gynZvwgg, myab¨cyi gvìvmv, cÖgyL| gvIjvbv myjZvb Avng` bvbycyix GKRb cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`, `ÿ
cÖkvmK I gyKvw¤§j gyiwk` wn‡m‡e gvkûi wQ‡jb|97
BwšÍKvj : Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j bÿÎ I nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GKwbô †meK gvIjvbv myjZvb Avng` bvbycyix
(in.) 1997 mv‡ji 16 AvM÷ iwdKzj Avjvi wgjbhvÎvq kvwgj nb| 98
gvIjvbv kvn Ave`yj Avhxh (in.) [1913-2000 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : wesk kZvãxi ÿYRb¥v nv`xmwe`, nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi cÂg kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv kvn
Avãyj Avhxh (in.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi dwUKQwo _vbvaxb ag©cyi MÖv‡gi K`g gywÝi evoxi GK m¤£všÍ Øxwb
cwiev‡i 1913 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB GK weØvb wcZv Ges we`ylx gv‡qi M„‡n Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv †kL
bRi Avjx I gvZv Rgxjv LvZzb| 99
wkÿvRxeb : evjK Avhx‡hi evj¨Kvj †_‡KB †gav, gbb I PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx weKwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| 1917
mv‡j gvÎ 4 eQi eq‡m wZwb cweÎ KziAv‡bi cÖ_g cvV ïiæ K‡ib| 1924 mv‡j cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV
mgvß K‡i wZwb Rvnvbcyi AvgRv` Avjx nvB ¯‥z‡j Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci nvUnvRvix
gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D‡jøL¨, nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi KZ…©cÿ H eQi †NvlYv K‡i, Ô‡h Kvwdqv wKZve m¤ú~Y©
gyL¯’ †kvbv‡Z cvi‡e, Zv‡K gvìvmvi evwl©K mfvq cyi®‥„Z Kiv n‡eÕ| GB †NvlYvi ci kvn Avãyj Avhxh
m¤ú~Y© Kvwdqv wKZve gyL¯’ ïbvb Ges cyi®‥„Z nb| 1933 mv‡j wZwb fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`
gvìvmvq Mgb K‡ib| 6 eQi 6 gvm wZwb †Ìe›` Ae¯’vb K‡i dbybv‡Z Avjxqv I nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cÖwm×
mKj MÖš’ Aa¨qb K‡i P~ovšÍ cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Zvi mb‡` Zuv‡K D¤§‡Z
95 †gvbvIqvi †nvmvBb, nvqv‡Z bvbycyix, PÆMÖvg: Rv‡gqv Ievqw`qv bvbycyi, 1997wLª., c„.13
96 cÖv¸³, c„. 14
97 nv‡dR gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, Avgiv hv‡ì DËimyix, cÖv¸³, c„. 340
98 cÖv¸³, c„. 341; †gvbvIqvi †nvmvBb, cÖv¸³, c„. 37
99 m¤úv`bv cwil`, dzhvjv m‡¤§jb ¯§viK-2019, XvKv: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv jvjgvwUqv, c„. 71
398
gynv¤§`xi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †gavex e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| †Ìe‡›` Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKe„›`
wQ‡jb, kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv •mq` ûmvBb Avngv` gv`vbx (in.), •mq` wgqv AvmMi †nvmvBb (in.),
gvIjvbv Beªvnxg ewjqvex (in.), gvIjvbv BRvR Avjx (in.), gvIjvbv gydZx kdx (in.), gvIjvbv
kvgmyj nK AvdMvbx (in.) I gvIjvbv Rjxj Avng` (in.), cÖgyL| QvÎRxe †_‡KB Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K
RM‡Z wePiY wQj| nvUnvRvix‡Z wZwb gvIjvbv kvn hgxiæwÏ‡bi (in.); †Ìe‡›` Ae¯’vbKv‡j gv`vbx
(in.) Gi wbKU AvZ¥ïw×i evqAvZ nb Ges †`‡k wd‡i _vbfx (in.) Gi my‡hvM¨ Ljxdv gvIjvbv Avãyj
Iqvnnve (in.) Gi wbKU evqAvZ nb Ges wZwb Zuvi cÖavb Lwjdv wn‡m‡e AvgiY `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 100
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 1939 mv‡j nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|
1940 mv‡j evg©vi AvwKqv‡e wZwb Mgb K‡i Z_vq nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1942 mv‡j gymwjg-†e․×
mv¤úª`vwqK `v½vi Kvi‡Y wZwb ¯^‡`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| 1944 mv‡j wZwb bvwRinvU eo gvìvmvi mìæj
gy`viwimxb I kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges cuvP eQi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb
1946 mv‡j nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi gynvwÏm wbhy³ nb| 1981 mv‡j wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm I mìæj
gy`viwimxb c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib Ges BwšÍKv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ G `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ ‡_‡K evsjvfvlx
AmsL¨ gynvwÏm m„wó‡Z Abb¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|101
BwšÍKvj : AmvaviY ‡gavex G kvqLyj nv`xm 2000 mv‡ji 15 GwcÖj, kwbevi 5 Uv 12 wgwb‡U Bn‡jvK
Z¨vM K‡ib| g„Zz¨ Kv‡j Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 87 eQi| Pvi †Q‡j mvZ †g‡qmn eû gynvwÏm, Ijvgv I f³-
Abyi³‡ì †kv‡Ki mvM‡i fvwm‡q Avcb cÖf~i mvwbœ‡a¨ P‡j hvb|102
gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kv`xi (in.) [1921-2001wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kv`xi 103 (in.) SvjKvVx †Rjvi mì _vbvaxb cÖK…wZi
Aciƒc iƒ‡c my‡kvwfZ, `qvg‡qi Acvi `qv Avi `v‡b ficyi ingZcyi MÖv‡g 1921 mv‡ji 23 Rvbyqvwi104
gZvšÍ‡i 1929 mv‡ji 1 GwcÖj105 iweev‡ii †Kvb GK ïfÿ‡Y ÿYRb¥v G gbxlx Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †h
MÖvgwUi c~e©bvg wQj igbv_cyi; hv kixd mv‡n‡ei cÖ‡Póvq ingZcyi bv‡g cÖwmw× jvf K‡i| Zvi wcZvi
bvg gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Avjx (in.)| bq eQi eq‡m Zvi wcZv BwšÍKvj K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z Zvi
†¯œngqx gvZv dLiæ‡bœQvi ZË¡veav‡b wZwb jvwjZ-cvwjZ nb| Z‡e cieZx© Rxe‡b Ôkixd mv‡neÕ bv‡g
wZwb mgwaK cwiwPwZ jvf K‡ib|
wkÿvRxeb : wK‡kvi kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kv`xi ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ evbvixcvov nvB ¯‥z‡j
fwZ© nb| AZtci wZwb KvDqvi Pi wmwbqi gvìvmv †_‡K 1939 mv‡j `vwLj Ges ev‡KiMÄ †Rjvi
kv‡q¯Ívev` gvìvmv †_‡K 1941 mv‡j Avwjg Ges 1943 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cÖ_g wefv‡M dvwhj cvm
K‡ib| AZtci gvìvmvB Avwjqv KwjKvZvq (UvB‡Uj) Kvwgj nv`xm cÖ_g el© mgvcbv‡šÍ `~f©vMëkZ
wZwb `yivM¨ e¨wa‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| 1945 mv‡j wZwb K…wZcvkv nvB ¯‥zj †_‡K
†gwUªKz‡jkb cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq c~e©e‡½ mßg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G eQiB cÖ_g QviQxbv
gvìvmvq Kvwgj †kÖwY †Lvjv nq| AZtci gvIjvbv kvn mywd †bQviæÏxb Avngv` (in.) Gi Aby‡iv‡a
QviQxbv †_‡K wZwb 1946 mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvm K‡i ¯^Y©c`Kmn gygZvhyj
gynvwÏmxb wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|
100 cÖv¸³
102 cÖv¸³; m¤úv`bv cwil`, dzhvjv m‡¤§jb ¯§viK-2019, cÖv¸³, c„.71
103 gvngy`v wdi‡`․mxqv Kvìx, kvn †bQvi DÏxb Avngv` Ges Aa¨ÿ kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kvwì (i) Gi Rxebx, XvKv: g`xbv
cvewj‡KkÝ, †deªæqvix, 2009wLª., c„. 132-148; gvIjvbv iƒûj Avgxb Lvb, ÔAvjøvgv kixd Avãyj Kvwì: GKwU D¾¡j bÿ‡Îi
cZbÕ, •`wbK BbwKjve, XvKv: BbwKjve G›Uvi cÖvBR GÛ cvewj‡KkÝ wj., 3 AvMó,2002wLª.
104 gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng` (in.), gv`ªvmv-B-Avwjqvi BwZnvm, cÖv¸³, c„. 121
105 QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj †_‡K D×„Z|
399
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1948 mv‡j wZwb QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf
K‡ib| 1972 mv‡j wZwb c‡`vbœwZ †c‡q wØZxq gynvwÏm c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| AZtci 1976 mv‡ji 1
Rvbyqvwi †_‡K 1989 mv‡ji gvP© gvm ch©šÍ wZwb D³ gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ c‡` envj _v‡Kb| 106 wkÿKZvi
cvkv cvwk cov‡jLvI Pvwj‡q hvb wZwb| 1972 mv‡j wZwb wm‡×kix K‡jR †_‡K AvB.G Ges 1974 mv‡j
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z we.G cvm K‡ib| 1976 mv‡j Gg.G †kÖwY‡Z wZwb BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wel‡q cÖ_g
†kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi Kivi †m․fvM¨ AR©b K‡ib Ges gvìvmvi wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡` ¯’vqx nb| 1985
mv‡j wZwb †nvwgIc¨vw_K W±ikxc wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| 107 wZwb Aa¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_
nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx gynvwÏm m„wó‡Z Abb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
wewfbœ c‡` `vwqZ¡ cvjb : `xN© 41 eQ‡ii eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb eû cÖwZôv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ †_‡K wbôvi mv‡_
Øx‡bi †mev K‡i †M‡Qb| wZwb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi †evW© Ae MfY©i‡mi m`m¨, Avj-evivKv e¨vsK wj.
Gi kwiqv †ev‡W©i fvBm †Pqvig¨vb, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi Riæix d‡Zvqv I gvmv‡qj cÖK‡íi †Pqvig¨vb
Ges `xwbqvZ MÖš’ iPbv I m¤úv`bv KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡cvjb K‡ib| 1988 mv‡j Zv‡K
I.AvB.wm Gi wdKn GKv‡Wwg‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ cÖwZwbwa g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq|
iPbvejx : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim `vb I cÖkvmb cwiPvjbvi cvkv cvwk ‡jLv‡jwL‡ZI wZwb wQ‡jb wm×n¯Í|
Zvi iPbvejxi g‡a¨- 1.Bmjv‡g bvixi gh©v`v (1957 wLª.); 2.nvexeyj Iqv‡qhxb (1958wLª.); 3.bvjv‡qb
kixd (1962wLª.); 4.Rxe‡bi Av`k© (1963 wLª.); 5.bvix Rxe‡bi Av`k© (1963 wLª.); 6.nvKxKvZzj
Iqvwmjv (1964 wLª.); 7.AkÖæ m‡ivei (1966 wLª.); 8.ev‡ivPv‡›ì Lyrev (1967 wLª.) I 9.AvDwjqv Kvwnbx
(1979 wLª.) cÖf…wZ D‡jø‡hvM¨|
BwšÍKvj : evsjvi gymwjg RvMi‡Yi AMÖ`~Z kvn mydx gvIjvbv †bQviæÏxb Avngv` (in.) Gi †QvU RvgvZv
cÖL¨vZ Avwj‡g Øxb, wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, we`» †jLK I M‡elK, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§`
Avãyj Kv`xi (in.) 18 RyjvB 2001 mv‡j 80 eQi 6 gvm 25 w`b eq‡m †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|108
gvIjvbv Avey gynv¤§` AvjxgyÏxb (in.) [1926-2001wLª.]

cwiwPwZ I wk¶vRxeb : 1926 mv‡j cwðg e‡½i b`xqv †Rjvi K…òbMi _vbvaxb †Lv`© cjvkx MÖv‡g Ave~
gynv¤§` AvjxgyÏxb109 Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv g~mv web jyKgvb web bvwmi LvÏ©g I gvZv KziivZzb wewe|
evjK AvjxgyÏxb ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ gvIjvbv wbÔgvZzjøvni gvìvmvq Aviex, D`y©, dvm©x fvlvi
e¨vKiY I mvwn‡Z¨ ey¨rcwË AR©b K‡ib| wZwb 1941 mv‡j gvIjvbv Avwbmyi ingvb ivngvbxi mvwbœ‡a¨
Bjgyj wKiAvZ, kin wgqv‡Z Avwgj, wn`v‡qZzb bvû, Kvwdqv, kin †gvjøvRvwg, gywbqvZzj gymvjøx, Kz`~ix,
gvwšÍ‡Ki wKZve †QvMiv-Kzeiv, wgiKvZ, Aviex mvwn‡Zï wKZve gywd`yZ Zv‡jexb, KziAvb gvRx‡ì
ZiRgv I wgkKv‡Zi wKq`sk Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb gvhvwni Dj~g gvìvmvq 1 eQi Ges w`jøxi
ivngvbxqv gvìvmvq 7 eQi gvIjvbv mvgiæÏx‡bi GKvšÍ mvwbœ‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i wgkKvZzj gvmvexn, eyjy¸j
gvivg dx Avw`jøvwZj AvnKvg, gyqvËv gv‡jK, gyqvËv gynv¤§v`, kin gvÔAvbxj AvQvi, gymbv‡` Ave~
AvIqvbvn, gynviivi dxj nv`xm I wmnvn wmËvn, wgkKv‡Zi gyKvÏgv, wZiwghxi gyKvÏvgv I mnxn eyLvix
BZ¨vw` nv`xmMÖš’ Aa¨qb K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : GKv‡WwgK we`¨vR©b †k‡l wZwb gvìvmv gynv¤§v`xqv cÖwZôv K‡ib|
Z_vq wZwb mvZ eQi mnxnvqb I wiRvj kv¯¿ wkÿv `vb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1960 mv‡j PvKzix †Q‡o
106 QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj †_‡K D×„Z|

107 kivxd gynv¤§` gybxi, wbiwew”Qbœ ÁvbmvaK kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kvwì, •`wbK BbwKjve, cÖv¸³, 31-08-2001 wLª., c„.11
108 cÖv¸³
109 gynv¤§` iexDj Bmjvg, wiRvj kv¯¿we` gvIjvbv Avey gynv¤§` AvjxgyÏxb, Kzwóqv: Avj-KziAvb G¨vÛ BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM,
Bwe, 2010 wLª. (AcÖKvwkZ Ggwdj w_wmm)
400
†ev¤^vB‡q P‡j hvb| Z_vq wZwb Avj-gyÔRvgyj gydvnivm (nv`xm Awfavb) 63 L‡Ði cvÐzwjwc ms‡kvab
K‡i niKZhy³ Ki‡Yi `yiƒn KvRwU `xN© `yB eQ‡i mgvß K‡ib Ges nvwdh Aveyj nv¾vR BDmyd wgSx K…Z
ÒZzndvZzj Avkivd we gvÔwidvwZj AvZivdÓGi cvÐzwjwcwU Qvcvi Dchy³ K‡i cÖ¯y‘Z K‡ib| 1965 mv‡j
wZwb XvKvq AvMgb K‡i bvwhiv evRvi¯’ gvìvmvZzj nv`x‡m gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci
RgCqZ cÖKvwkZ gvwmK ÔZRy©gvbyj nv`xmÕ Gi mvgwqK cÖm½-gvmqvjv gvmv‡qj wefvMwUi wZwb
cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| G mgq gvwmK ZRy©gv‡b KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Zuvi eû cÖeÜ I dvZIqv
cÖKvwkZ nq| 1967 mv‡j bvivqYM‡Äi iƒcMÄ _vbvi †ejv‡ev MÖv‡g ¯^cwiev‡i P‡j Av‡mb Ges cuvPiyLx‡Z
gvìvmv `viæj nv`xm cÖwZôv K‡ib| 1967 †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ D³ gvìvmvq nv`xm wk¶v `vb, MÖš’
iPbv I RgCq‡Zi Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡R wb‡R‡K e¨vc„Z iv‡Lb| 1965 †_‡K 1971 ch©šÍ `xN© 7 eQi
RgCq‡Zi gyLcvÎ mvßvwnK Avivdv‡Zi KziAvbyj Kvix‡gi ZiRgv, wgkKvZ kix‡di Abyev`, cÖeÜ I
gvmqvjv-gvmv‡q‡ji mgvav‡b †jLv‡jwL‡Z AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| Zvi wjwLZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 36wU| Zb¥‡a¨
nv`x‡m ivm~j I AvaywbK weÁvb; Bmjvg I ZvmvIDd; Avgxi I Bgvi‡Zi ZË¡K_v; Bmjvg I `v¤úZ¨
Rxeb; nv`xm I gynvwÏm; MÖxK `k©‡b Bmjvg; nv`xm I wdKn-Gi m¤^š^q mvavb; gymwjg `ywbqv I
mgvRZ‡š¿i iƒc‡iLv; ZvKjx` I Bmjvg (cvÐzwjwc); eyLvix kix‡di cÖ_g †_‡K wKZveyZ ZvnvivZ ch©šÍ
Abyev` (cvÐzwjwc) I Bgvg Beb ZvBwgqvn Gi Rxebx (cvÐzwjwc) BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv Ave~
gynv¤§v` AvjxgyÏxb 2001 mv‡ji 12 Ryb wZwb BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zuvi eqm n‡qwQj 76 eQi|
eskvj Kei¯’v‡b Zuv‡K `vdb Kiv nq|
gvIjvbv wmivRyj nK kixd (in.) [1905-2002wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : †`‡ki Ab¨Zg e‡iY¨ Avwj‡g Øxb gvIjvbv wmivRyj nK kixd (in.)| †fvjv †Rjvi
†evinvbDwÏb Dc‡Rjvaxb mey‡R †Niv wbSzg cjøx mvKzwkqvq 1905 mv‡j kixd cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zuvi wcZv Iqv‡n` Avjx kixd Ges gvZv mv‡jnv LvZzb| •kk‡eB Zvi Zz‡Lvo †gav, Pvj-Pjb, AvPvi-
AvPiY, cvVvf¨vm, ci‡nhMvwi †`‡L Abygvb Kiv n‡Zv †h, fwel¨‡Z wZwb GKRb AmvaviY e¨w³‡Z¡
cwiYZ n‡eb|
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq gKZ‡ei cvV †k‡l wZwb †evinvbywÏb Dc‡Rjvi AšÍM©Z nvwKgywÏb gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|
wZwb mKj †kÖwYi GKv‡WwgK cixÿvq 1g ¯’vb AwaKvi Ki‡Zb| D³ gvìvmv †_‡KB wZwb e„wËmn Avwjg,
AZtci 1935 mv‡j †fvjv `viæj nv`xm Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K e„wËmn dvwhj cvm K‡ib| AZtci wZwb
D”Pwkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ KjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmvq Bmjvgx kixAvn I AvBb wel‡q fwZ© nb| wZwb 1937
mv‡j Kvwgj 1g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AR©b K‡i ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib| Zuvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jb
gvIjvbv dRjyj Kwig, gvIjvbv gKeyj Avng` I gvIjvbv Ave`yi ingvb dwi`cyix Ges KwjKvZv
Avwjqvi gvIjvbv †gvkZvK Avngv` Kvbcyixi (in.) cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨ |
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡ZB wZwb ewikv‡ji KvDqviPi gvìvmvq mnKvix mycvi
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Gici wZwb †`․jZLvb _vbvaxb nvRxcyi gvìvmvq wKQzw`b wkÿKZv K‡ib|
ch©vqµ‡g wZwbÑ jvj‡gvnb Avwjqv gvìvmv, UeMx gvìvmv Ges kZvãxi HwZnëvnx QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ
Avwjqv gvìvmvq wkÿKZv K‡ib| G Qvov AvZ¥ïw× AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb gvIjvbv †bQviæÏxb Avngv`
(in.) Gi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z Zuvi wLjvdZ jvf K‡ib| †fvjv AÂ‡j cweÎ nv`x‡mi
†R¨vwZ we¯Ív‡ii j‡ÿ¨ wZwb wbR evwo‡Z GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡i Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
GZ`Â‡j nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v I m¤úªmvi‡Y gvIjvbv kixd mv‡n‡ei f~wgKv Acwimxg|
Zvejx‡M Øxb I wdKn-dvZvIqv : evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi evYx-e¨vL¨v gvby‡li Kv‡Q †c․uQv‡bvi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb
†`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂ‡j mdi Ki‡Zb| IqvR-gvnwdj-Gi gva¨‡g MYgvby‡li g‡a¨ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi evYx
cÖPv‡i Zvi Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| dvZvIqv I gvmvB‡j R‡b¨ wZwb †`‡ki we‡klÁ gn‡j I mvavi‡Y¨
401
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| †`‡ki evB‡iI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q wZwb dvZvIqv cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| GQvov wZwb †ek
K‡qKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ `yÔwUi mÜvb cvIqv hvqÑ1. beP›`ª `k©b; 2. Avgxi gyAvweqv (iv.) Zb¥‡a¨
†k‡lv³ cyw¯ÍKvwU Zuvi Áv‡bi MfxiZv I †jLv‡jwLi k„•Ljv‡ev‡ai weivU cÖgvY enb K‡i| gvIjvbv wmivRyj
nK kixd 2002 mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î BnRxe‡bi BwZ‡U‡b P~ovšÍ MšÍ‡eï D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib|110
gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb Kvwkqvbx (in.) [1936-2003 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvaxb Kvwkqvbx Dc‡Rjvi fvUªvB‡avev bvgK MÖv‡gi GK m¤£v šÍ gymwjg
cwiev‡i 1936 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cÖvZ:¯§iYxq gnvb e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix, bex Av`‡k©i g~Z© cÖZxK
gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb; whwb ÔKvwkqvbx ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| wcZvi bvg †g․jfx †kL BidvbyÏxb
(in.)| •kke Kvj †_‡KB wZwb Zx² †gavex, wgó fvlx I eyw×gvb wQ‡jb|111
wkÿvRxeb : gvIjvbv Kvwkqvbx (in.) ¯’vbxq gvRov MÖv‡gi Avwjqv gvìvmvq wZb eQi cov‡kvbv K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb 1951 mv‡j MInviWv½v gvìvmvq †n`vqvZzb bvû‡Z fwZ© nb| wZwb wQ‡jb AmvaviY
†gavex| mKj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi †gav I †hvM¨Zv GZB cÖLi wQj †h, Ab¨ Avi
KvD‡K Zuvi mgKÿ wPšÍv Kiv †hZ bv| wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z
cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Zuvi wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb n‡jb-gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi
(in.), gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwdR (in.), gvIjvbv Aveyj nvQvb (in.) Ges gvIjvbv †gv¯Ídv (in.) cÖgyL|112
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb †k‡l MInviWv½v gvìvmvq wZwb gynvwÏm c‡` wb‡qvM jvf
K‡ib| wZwb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zvi cvV`v‡bi myL¨vwZ me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o|
AZtci wZwb D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Ìe›` Mgb K‡i `vIiv‡q nv`x‡m fwZ© nb| GK eQi `vIiv‡q nv`xm
Aa¨q‡bi ci K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© n‡q cybivq MInviWv½v gvìvmvq wZwb wkÿKZv ïiæ K‡ib| H eQiB
gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.) Gi †gS Kb¨vi mv‡_ cwiYq m~‡Î Ave× nb| wZwb MInviWv½v
gvìvmvq wZb eQi wkÿKZvi c‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivPx wbD UvDb gvìvmvq cybivq `vIivq nv`x‡m fwZ© nb
Ges †mB eQi evwl©K cixÿvq wZwb cy‡iv cvwK¯Ívb †ev‡W© PZz_© ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| AZtci D”PZi
nv`xm M‡elYv (ZvLvmmyQ wdj nv`xm) wefv‡M fwZ© n‡q D”PZi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| AZtci †`‡k wd‡i
wZwb MInviWv½v gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` wbhy³ n‡q eyLvix kixd `vim w`‡Z _v‡Kb| AZtci XvKvi
hvÎvevox gvìvmvq wZb eQi nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| Zvici XvKvi jvjevM gvìvmvq wKQz w`b nv`x‡mi
Aa¨vcbv K‡ib Ges cybivq MInviWv½v gvìvmvq bv‡q‡e gynZvwgg c‡` wbhy³ nb|113 gvIjvbv Kvkxqvbx
(in.) 2003 mv‡j 19 GwcÖj wèvMZ iv‡Z 2Uv 30wgwb‡U BwšÍKvj K‡ib|114
gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x (in.) [1957-2005]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x 5 Ryb 1957 mv‡j gyÝxMÄ †Rjvi MRvwiqv _vbvaxb †nvMjvKvw›`
MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Avãym mvjvg wkK`vi I gvZv mwKbv
†eMg| Zv‡ì GKgvÎ Av`‡ii mšÍvb BmnvK dwi`x •kk‡e †nvMjvKvw›ì mey‡R †Niv g‡bvig cwi‡e‡k
†e‡o I‡Vb|115
110 mvÿvrKvi: 06-06-2020 Zvwi‡L Z`xq ‡Q‡j gvIjvbv †gvkZvK Avngv` I eo RvgvZv gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvB Gi mvÿvrKvi
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` M„nxZ n‡q‡Q |
111 gvIjvbv Qv‡qbyÏxb, nhiZ Kvwkqvbx ûRy‡ii Rxebx, XvKv: cÖKvkbvi ¯’vb D‡jøL bvB, 2011 wLª., c„. 9-47
112 cÖv¸³, c„.10
114 gvIjvbv Qv‡qbyÏxb, cÖv¸³, c„. 47
115 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avey gymv m¤úvw`Z, Avjøvgv BmnvK dwi`x (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, XvKv: †kL RbyiæÏxb (in.) `viæj KziAvb kvgmyj
Dj~g †P․ayix cvov gvìvmv, 2005 wLª., c„. 163
402
wkÿv Rxeb : cÖK…wZ I Rb¥MZfv‡e Zx² †gavi AwaKvix gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x (in.) wbR MÖvg
†nvMjvKvw›` Rv‡g gmwR` gvìvmvq KziAvb Kvixg wndh m¤úbœ K‡i bvivqYMÄ †Rjvi †Ì‡fvM, XvKvi
dwi`vev` I hvÎvevox gvìvmvq cov‡jLv K‡ib| me©‡kl evsjv‡`k KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W©i Aax‡b
Rvwgqv kviCqvn gvwjevM gvìvmv †_‡K m‡e©v”P wWwMÖ `vIiv‡q nv`xm K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cvm K‡ib| Zvi
wkÿvRxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi Kivi K…wZZ¡ Zvi †_‡K †KD wb‡Z cv‡iwb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb †k‡l wZwb HwZnëvnx Kzwgjøv Kvwmgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq Zuvi
Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| c‡i XvKvi cxiR½x gvìvmv I evwiaviv Rvwgqv gv`vwbqv‡ZI wkÿKZv K‡ib|
1991 mvj †_‡K ivRavbx XvKvi †kL RbyiæÏxb (in.) `viæj KziAvb kvgmyj Dj~g †P․ayixcvov gvìvmvq
14 eQi hver wcÖwÝc¨vj I kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| wZwb gvìvmv msjMœ b~i gmwR` Gi
LZxe wQ‡jb| G QvovI †ek K‡qKwU gvìvmvq wZwb kvqLyj nv`x‡mi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ myPviæiƒ‡c cvjb K‡ib|
KIgx A½‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq †h KqRb gynvwÏm Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ gvIjvbv BmnvK
dwi`xi (in.) kxl© ¯’vbxq| 116
mvwnZ¨ Kg© : gvIjvbv dwi`xi Rxe‡bi eo GKwU Ask †K‡U‡Q evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ iPbv, Abyev`
I M‡elYv K‡g©i ga¨ w`‡q| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k Gi M‡elYv wefv‡Mi wbe©vwPZ GKvwaK †ev‡W©i
m`m¨ wQ‡jb wZwb| 27 L‡Ð cÖKvwkZ Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kv‡li GKRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖeÜKvi wZwb| G Qvov
eyLvix, gymwjg I BÔjvDm mybv‡bi Abyev` I Ab¨vb¨ †g․wjK iPbv wgwj‡q cÖvq 70wUi AwaK Bmjvgx
MÖ‡š’i †jLK wZwb| cÖwZ_hkv G gbxlx †`‡ki cÖvq meKwU gvwmK, mvßvwnK, •`wbK mg-mvgwqK wewfbœ
cÖm½ wb‡q cÖPzi cÖeÜ wj‡L RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ Bmjvgx `„wófw½ my¯úóiƒ‡c Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Zvi wkÿK‡ì
g‡a¨ L¨vZbvgv K‡qKRb n‡jb, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv KvRx gyÕZvwmg wejøvn (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwdh (in.), gvIjvbv dwi` DÏxb gvmD`, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv b~i ûmvBb Kv‡mgx
(in.), kvqLyj nv`xm gydZx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv nvmvb cÖgyL|117
BwšÍKvj : wewkó Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, we`» †jLK I M‡elK kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x GK
gg©vwšÍK moK `~N©Ubvq 2005 mv‡ji 5 Ryb wèvMZ iv‡Z gvÎ 48 eQi eq‡m †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib|118
gvIjvbv wmivRyj Bmjvg (in.) [1873-2006 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv wmivRyj Bmjvg (in.) we-evwoqv †Rjvi evÃvivgcyi _vbvi AšÍM©Z `k‡`vbv
MÖv‡g 1873 mv‡j HwZnëvnx GK gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gyÝx †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj
gvwR` Ges gvZv Av‡gbv †eMg| gvZv-wcZvi †¯œnQvqv Zvi Dci †ewk w`b `xN©¯’vqx nqwb| KviY wZwb
`yM×‡cvl¨ wkï Ae¯’vq Zvi ggZvgqx gvZv‡K nvivb Ges AvbygvwbK 7/8 eQi eq‡m Zvi wcZv‡K nvwi‡q
wPiZ‡i BqvwZgZ¡ eiY K‡ib| AZtci `v`v-`v`xi ZËv¡eav‡b wZwb jvwjZ-cvwjZ nb|119
wkÿv Rxeb : gvZ„nviv wmivR cwievwiK cwigÐ‡j evj¨Kv‡j wcZvi wbKU cÖv_wgK ag©xq wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
†evW© ¯‥z‡j covKvjxb cÖvYwcÖq wcZv ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| AZtci Zvi `v`v Zv‡K cvk¦©eZx© MÖv‡gi †g․jfx
BqvKz‡ei Kv‡Q cÖv_wgK Aviex, D`~© I dvmx© wkÿv`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb 4/5 eQ‡i fv‡jvfv‡e
fvlvÁvb iß K‡ib| AZtci KvbvBbMi gvìvmvq `yB eQi K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Aa¨qb K‡ib| G mgq Zvi
†kl AvkÖq¯’j `v`vI P‡j hvb c„w_ex †Q‡o| Zvic‡i XvKvi beve evoxi Iì¯‥xg gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q
c‡ii eQi Rvgv‡Z cvÄ‡gi †K›`ªxq cixÿvq Ask wb‡q cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡i †Mvì ‡g‡Wj
jvf K‡ib| AZtci wZwb †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q GKvav‡i cuvP eQi ÁvbvR©b K‡i `vIiv‡q nv`xm
116 cÖv¸³, c„.164

117 cÖv¸³
118 cÖv¸³, c„.166
119 gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„.118
403
Ges Zvdmx‡ii m‡e©v”P wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨- gvIjvbv BqvnBqv (in.), gvIjvbv
Iqvwdn (in.), gvIjvbv Beªvwng (in.), nv‡dR evivKvZ (in.) Ges †Ìe‡›ì kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv
ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in), kvqLyj Avè gvIjvbv GRvR Avjx (in.), gvIjvbv †Mvjvg ivm~j Lvb
(in.), gvIjvbv gydwZ kdx (in.) I gvIjvbv Bw`ªm Kv›`vjfx (in.) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|120
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb ‡`‡k wd‡i 1350 †_‡K 1425 wn. ch©šÍ GKvav‡i 75 eQi ch©šÍ
Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv BDbywmqvq wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ c‡` †_‡K nv`xmkv¯¿mn wewfbœ wel‡q (nv`xm,
Zvdmxi, wdKvn Avè, bvû, Qid, gvb‡ZK I evjvMvZ BZ¨vw`) Aa¨vcbv K‡i‡Qb| we‡klZ dL‡i ev½vj
gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg BwšÍKv‡ji ci cÖvq 40 eQi ch©šÍ wZwb GKvB kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e eyLvix
kix‡di `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| 1974 mvj †_‡K gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ myPviæiƒ‡c cvjb K‡i‡Qb|121
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv wmivRyj Bmjvg 2006 mv‡ji 16 †m‡Þ¤î, kwbevi mKvj 9.20 wgwb‡U
AMwYZ Avwjg QvÎ‡K †kvKmvM‡i fvwm‡q gnvb cÖf~i Avnev‡b mvovw`‡q P‡j hvb| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zvi eqm
n‡qwQj 133 eQi|122
gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) [1928-2007 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : mgKvjxb e‡iY¨ Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe`, weij cÖwZfv I e¨w³‡Z¡i AwaKvix gvIjvbv Devq`yj
nK (in.) 2 †g 1928 wLª÷vã †gvZv‡eK 1335 e½v‡ãi 14 •ekvL 123 wm‡jU kni †_‡K cÖvq 74
wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡i mey‡R XvKv HwZnëvnx eviVvKzix MÖv‡g Zuvi Rb¥| Zuvi wcZv gvIjvbv Rûiæj nK (in.)
A‡bK eo gv‡ci Avwjg wQ‡jb| Zuvi gvZv Av‡qkv †eMgI AZ¨šÍ ci‡nRMvi c`©vbkxb I ¸YeZx
bvix|124 Z‡e wZwb ÔLwZe mv‡ne ûRyiÕ bv‡g †jvKmgv‡R mgwaK cwiwPZ|
wk¶vRxeb : •kk‡e gvIjvbv Devq`yj n‡Ki cov‡jLvi nv‡ZLwo nq wbR MÖv‡gi gmwR‡ì eviv›`vq|
•K‡kv‡ii mxgv AwZµvšÍ nIqv ch©šÍ Zvi my‡hvM¨ wcZvi ZË¡veav‡b Pwi‡Îi DËg ¸Yvejxi weKvk I
cÖv_wgK wk¶v m¤úbœ nq| Gici wZwb wm‡j‡Ui gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK kvnevMx (in.) Gi wbKU dvwm© fvlvq
I mvwn‡Zï Kvwigv, cv‡›`bvgv I wgRvb-gybkvBe BZ¨vw` wk¶v MÖnY K‡ib| `yB eQi wZwb NysMvw`‡Z
wQ‡jb| AZtci wZwb nweM‡Äi gvIjvbv gyÏvmwmi I gvIjvbv gywmi Avjxi (in.) mvwbœ‡a¨ wM‡q wKQzw`b
cÖvB‡fU †jLvcov K‡ib| 1934 mv‡j gvÎ 14 eQi eq‡m `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` Kvwdqv Rvgv‡Z fwZ© nb|
GLv‡b wZwb ch©vµ‡g mKj †kÖwY‡Z K„wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DbœxZ nb| D‡jøL¨ †h, wZwb `vIiv‡q nv`xm cix¶vq
`viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›ì BwZnv‡m †iKW© cwigvY b¤î †c‡q DËxY© nb| wZwb kvqLyj Bmjvg mvBwq¨`
†nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Beivnxg evwjqvex (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv
MÖnY K‡ib|125wZwb `vIiv‡q nv`xm Aa¨qbKv‡j Zuvi wkÿv¸iæ mvBwq¨` †nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.)-Gi
nv‡Z evqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb gynv¤§v` Djøvn nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) Gi mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤úK©
¯’vcb K‡ib| cvwievwiK m~‡Î Rvbv hvq, nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) Zuv‡K evqÔAvZ K‡i †LjvdZ `vb
K‡i‡Qb|126 nv‡d¾x ûRy‡ii BwšÍKv‡ji c‡i wZwb gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx (in.) Gi me©Kwbô
Lwjdv fvi‡Zi gvIjvbv Aveiviæj nK (in.) Gi m‡½ Ava¨vwZ¥K m¤úK© ¯’vcb K‡ib|
120 cÖv¸³, c„.119

122 cÖv¸³, c„.423
123 gvIjvbv Avãyi iwng Bmjvgev`x, ÔAbb¨ e¨w³Z¡ LweZ gvIjvbv Devq`yj nKÕ, mvßvwnK gymwjg Rvnvb, ¯§iY msL¨v, el© 17, msL¨v
26, 2007 wLª., c„.21
124 gvI: kvqL ZvRyj Bmjvg, cÖv¸³, c„. 03
125 RyevBi Avng` Avkivd m¤úvw`Z, gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK Rvjvjvev`x wjwLZ cÖeÜ ÔAvgvi Rxe‡bi GKwU Aa¨vqÕ AvKvk †Quvqv
wgbvi, LwZe gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK ¯§i‡Y, XvKv: gvìvmv dqRyj Djyg AvwRgcyi, 2007wLª., c„.14
126 gvIjvbv gwnDwÏb ieŸvbx, ÔDevq`yj nK mv‡ne (in.) ¯§„wZi AvqbvqÕ mvßvwnK gymwjg Rvnvb, ¯§iY msL¨v, el© 17, msL¨v 26-,
2007 wLª.) c„.52
404
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) †`‡k wd‡i Avkivdzj Dj~g eoKvUviv
gvìvmvq wk¶KZv †ckvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| D³ cÖwZôv‡b Pvi eQi Aa¨vcbv K‡i †nvmvBb Avng` gv`vbx
(i.) I gvIjvbv GRvR Avjx (in.) Gi mKv‡k †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| AZtci w`jøxi kvnRvnvbcyi gvìvmvq
†hvM`vb K‡i nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq †`b|127 cieZx©‡Z gydwZ kwd (in.) Gi Avnev‡b
`viæj Dj~g KivwP‡Z wKQz w`b Avey `vD` kixd, mnxn eyLvixi wKq`vsk, †n`vqv, ki‡n Rvwg BZ¨vw`
wKZvevw` cvV`vb K‡ib|128 1954 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Avkivdzj Dj~g eoKvUviv gvìvmvq cybivq wd‡i
Av‡mb| cieZx©‡Z gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKvi ZrKvjxb †nW gvIjvbv (fvicÖvß) kwd Avbmvwi (in.) Gi
‡cÖiYvq ZrKvjxb wcÖwÝc¨vj kvqL kidzÏxb (in.) Gi wbKU mv¶vrKv‡ii gva¨‡g 18 †m‡Þ¤î 1954 mv‡j
gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv XvKvq wmwbqi wk¶K c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Kvwgj †kªwYi Avey `vD` kixd,
evqRvex kixd, dvwRj †kªwYi ZvmvIDd I Avwjg †kªwYi kin †eKvqv, ZiRgvq KyiAvb BZ¨vw` wel‡q cvV
`vb Ki‡Zb| 129 D³ cÖwZôv‡b ch©vqµ‡g wZwb 1954 mvj †_‡K 1964 mvj ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi wefv‡Mi
cÖfvlK, 1971 mvj †_‡K 1979 mvj ch©šÍ cÖwfkbvj †nW gvIjvbv Ges 1980 †_‡K 1985 mvj ch©šÍ †nW
gvIjvbv c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb| 1985 mv‡ji 2 †g LwZe gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv
XvKv wk¶KZv †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|130 wk¶KZv †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi ci wZwb Bmjvgcy‡i gvìvmv‡q
Bmjvwgqvi gynZvwgg wbhy³ nb| 1985 mvj †_‡K g„Zzï c~e© ch©šÍ gvìvmv‡q dqRyj Dj~g AvwRgcy‡ii
kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| 1985 mvj †_‡K 1987 mvj ch©šÍ cwUqv Avj-RvwgqvZzj Bmjvwgqv
Rwgwiqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| K‡qK eQi XvKvi dwi`vev`
gvìvmvi gynvwÏm c‡` Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1987 mvj †_‡K BwšÍKv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ wZwb wm‡j‡Ui Rv‡gqv
Kvwmgyj Dj~g `vimvn gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|
RvZxq gmwR‡ì LwZe : 1948 wLª. gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq gmwR` evqZzj
†gvKvii‡gi LwZe c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| RvZxq gmwR‡ì GB †gnive‡K wZwb we‡eK I AwffvK‡Z¡i
GK Av¯’vi g‡Â cwiYZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb|131 LwZe c‡` cÖvq `yB hy‡MiI †ewk mgq _vKvKvjxb
Zuvi AvKl©Yxq LyZevi gva¨‡g wZwb GB c`gh©v`v‡K AviI mgybœZ K‡iwQ‡jb| LyZev `v‡bi †¶‡Î wZwb
bZzb aviv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb cÖwZ Rygvi w`b ¯îwPZ LyZev cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| mgmvgwqK cwiw¯’wZ mvg‡b †i‡L
mybœvni Abymi‡Y fvlY `vb wQj Zuvi LyZevi g~j •ewkó¨| ¸iæM¤¢xifv‡e ¯^fvemyjf evPbfw½‡Z wZwb Zuvi
LyZev Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Zb|132 wZwb AvgiY evqZzj †gvKviig RvZxq gmwR‡ì LwZe c‡` wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K
wbwf©K, mZZv I wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) ZiæY eq‡mB †jLv‡jwLi RM‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡ib| wZwb ÔDevq`yj nK
Rvjvjvev`xÕ bv‡g †jLv cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| Zuvi AwaKvsk wKZve G bv‡gB wjwLZ| 133 Zuvi cÖKvwkZ MÖš’¸‡jv
n‡”Q- (K) AvRnviæj AvnRvi ki‡n b~iæj AvbIqvi, (L) bvkiæj dvIqvB` †Lvjvmv‡q kviwnj AvKvB`,
(mv.) Avm †mKvqv kiû kviwnj †eKvqv, (N) Zvwi‡L Bmjvg cÖ_g LÐ, (O) Zvwi‡L Bmjvg 2q LÐ, (P)
mxiv‡Z †gv¯Ídv, (Q) Zvnwmjyj Kvwdqv, (R) †KviAv‡b nvwKg AvIi nvgvwi wR‡›`wM, (S) wkqv-mybœx
BL‡Zjvd, (T) wkKIqv I RIqv‡e wkKIqv (Abyev`) cÖf„wZ|134
127 RyevBi Avng` Avkivd m¤úvw`Z, gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK Rvjvjvev`x wjwLZ cÖeÜ ÔAvgvi Rxe‡bi GKwU Aa¨vqÕ AvKvk †Quvqv
wgbvi cÖv¸³, c„. 145
128 cÖv¸³, c„.45
129 cÖv¸³, c„.149
130 Awdm †iKW© XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv; RyevBi Avng` Avkivd m¤úvw`Z, •mq` geby, ÔgvIjvbv Devq`yj nK Rxeb I Kg©Õ, cÖv¸³, c„.6
131 gvIjvbv iƒûj Avgxb Lvb, ÔRvZxq LwZe gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.)Õ mvßvwnK gymwjg Rvnvb,¯§iY msL¨v, el© 17, ms.26, 2007
wLª., c„. 50
132 Aa¨vcK Avãyj nvwg`, mZ¨fvlx LwZe gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK ¯§i‡Y (in.), mvßvwnK gymwjg ¯§iY msL¨v, c„.63
133 Avey mvKxe gvneye, Ô†jLv‡jwLi RM‡Z LwZe Devq`yj nKÕ, mvßvwnK gymwjg Rvnvb, ¯§iY msL¨v, el© 17,msL¨v:26,2007 wLª., c„.30
134 gvIjvbv •mq` †iRIqvb Avng`, gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) Rxeb I Kg©, XvKv : gvKZvevZzj †niv, wW‡m¤î 2014 wLª., c„. 88-89
405
BwšÍKvj : wewkó Avwj‡g Øxb, AKz‡Zvfq gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK (in.) 6 A‡±vei 2007 mv‡j BnRMZ
Z¨vM K‡i ciRM‡Z cvwo Rgvb| jv‡Lv gvby‡li Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Zuvi wØZxq †Q‡j gvIjvbv AvZvDj n‡Ki
BgvgwZ‡Z Rvbvhv †k‡l Zuv‡K XvKv¯’ AvwRgcyi †Mvi¯’v‡b `vdb Kiv nq| 135
gvIjvbv wQwÏKzjøvn (in.) [1930-2007 wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv wQwÏKzjøvn †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi †mvbvBgyox _vbvaxb gvûZjv MÖv‡g 1351 wnRix
†gvZv‡eK 1930 mv‡j GK m¤£všÍ Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv †g․jfx gynv¤§` BDbym
GKRb †bKKvi gyËvKx e¨w³ wQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : †QvU‡ejvq wZwb Zvi †¯œngqx gv‡qi Kv‡Q cweÎ KziAvb wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci ¯’vbxq
we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi mvZ eQi eq‡m wcZv gviv hvb| AZtci wZwb gvìvmv-B-
Bmjvwgqvq fwZ© nb| †mLvb †_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ D”PZi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| AZtci kvqL gydwZ Avwhhyj
nK (in) Gi civg‡k© nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D”PZi Ávb AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` fwZ© nb|
wZwb †mLv‡b kvqL dLiæÏxb gyiv`vev`x, kvqL gvngy`yj nvmvb †Ìe›`x, Beivnxg evwjqvex (in.) cÖgyL
gynvwÏme„‡›ì wbKU †_‡K nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D”PZi ÁvbvR©b K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : ‡Ìe›` †_‡K D”P wkÿv MÖnb †k‡l cÖvq `yB eQi Avmv‡gi wRbK‡i
`vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| AZtci †`‡k wd‡i wZwb †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq GKvav‡i 36 eQi
kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb mnxn eyLvix I gymwjg we‡klfv‡e `vim
cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| G cÖwZôvb †_‡K Aemi MÖn‡Yi c‡i wZwb AvgiY cwUqv gvìvmvq mnxn gymwj‡gi `vim
cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zvi weL¨vZ QvÎe„‡›ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv †gv¯Ídv Avj-ûmvBbx; kvqLyj nv`xm, Rvwgqv Kvwigxqv
XvKv I Rvwgqv Imgvwbqv †bvqvLvjx, gvIjvbv nviæb Avj-gv`vbx; wcÖwÝc¨vj, UzgPi Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj
gvìvmv, gvIjvbv dviæK Avng`; Aa¨ÿ, RvwgqvZzj dvjvwnq¨v †dbx, gvIjvbv mvBdzjøvn gybxi; Aa¨ÿ,
†mvbvBgywo Kvwgj gvìvmv, gvIjvbv †gmevn DwÏb wmwÏKx; gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv wgdZvûj Dj~g XvKv cÖgyL|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv wQwÏKzjøvn ‡ek K‡qKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ (wmnvn wmËvn) weï× Qq Lvbv nv`xm
MÖ‡š’i Dci mswÿß e¨vL¨v MÖš’ (AcÖKvwkZ); Avj-dvivwqR (m¤ú` e›Ub msµvšÍ GKwU e¨vL¨vMÖš’);
ÔbexM‡Yi cweÎZv I gI`y`x gZev`Õ cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G we`» cwÐZ AmsL¨ gynvwÏm m„wó K‡i gnvb i‡ei Wv‡K mvov w`‡q 25 b‡f¤î
2007 mv‡j ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|136
gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZ Djøvn (in.) [1930-2007 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : cÖL¨vZ Avwj‡g `xb gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZ Djøvn (in.) 1930 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwi e„nËi
†bvqvLvjxi j²xcyi †Rjvi UzgPi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i mycwÐZ myjZvb Avng` I Av‡gbv
†eM‡gi †KvjRy‡o AvMgb K‡ib| wZwb Zvi bq fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ wØZxq| HwZnëvnx ag©xq cwiev‡iB Zvi
cÖv_wgK cov‡jLvi nv‡ZLwo|
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb †QvU eq‡mB HwZnëvnx UzgPi Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wkÿvRxe‡bi
cÖwZwU ¯Í‡iB wZwb Zx² †gavi ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K h_vµ‡g 1946 mv‡j `vwLj, 1948
mv‡j Avwjg Ges 1950 mv‡j dvwhj †kªwY‡Z †evW© cixÿvq RvZxq †gavZvwjKvq (me¸‡jv‡Z) cÖ_g
wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1952 mv‡j XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj nv`xm
wefv‡M cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i gygZvhyj gynvwÏmxb wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvici wZwb
135 cÖv¸³
136 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 17.01.2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv wQwÏKzjøvn Gi eo †Q‡j gvIjvbv wgmevn DÏxb ‡_‡K DwjøwLZ Z_¨vewj MÖnY
K‡ib; gynv¤§` wndhyi ingvb, Avj-ey`yiæj gywhq¨vn, XvKv: gvKZvevZz kvBwLj Bmjvg, 2016, L. 9, c„. 37-38;
406
ÒBmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m fviZxq gymjgvb‡ì Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g M‡elYvKg© m¤úv`b K‡i ÒwiPvm© ¯‥jviÓ
wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ UzgPi gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx (eo ûRyi)
(in.), XvKv Avwjqvi kvqLyj nv`xm gydwZ Avgxgyj Bnmvb (in.), gvIjvbv gygZvR DÏxb (in.), LwZe
gvIjvbv IevB`yj nK (in.) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨ |
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ G †gavex Avwjg 1954 mv‡j †bvqvLvjxi Qqvbx
Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e Kg© Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| Z_vq K‡qK eQi wkÿKZvi ci wZwb HwZnëvnx
UzgPi Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb 12 eQi hveZ wewfbœ
gvìvmvq AZ¨šÍ mybv‡gi mv‡_ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| •Zwi K‡ib A‡bK hyM‡kÖô †hvM¨ Avwjg|
AZtci wZwb gv‡V gq`v‡b †ewi‡q c‡ob Øxb-Bmjv‡gi `vIqv‡Zi cÖ‡qvR‡b| c_nviv gvbyl‡ì mwVK
c‡_i w`kv w`‡Z me©cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡k †h KqRb e¨w³ ZvejxM RvgvAv‡Zi Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib Zv‡ì g‡a¨
wZwb kxl©¯’vbxq| wZwb `vIqv‡Z Zvejx‡Mi Kv‡R c„w_exi wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ mdi K‡ib| ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi
cÖL¨vZ kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv hvKvwiq¨vn (in.) Gi mv‡_ Zvi mvÿvr nq| Zvi †cÖiYvq D¾xweZ n‡q
evsjvfvlx‡ì g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq KziAvb-nv`x‡mi evYx cÖPv‡i e¨vcKfv‡e AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| GiB
aivevwnKZvq kvqL hvKvwiq¨vn (in.) KZ…©K Aviex fvlvq msKwjZ Ges D`~© fvlvq e¨vL¨vZ nv`xm MÖš’
ÒZvejxMx †bmveÓ Gi me©cÖ_g e½vbyev` K‡ib gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZ Djøvn (in.)| AbymÜv‡b †`Lv †M‡Q, G
MÖš’wU mvaviY gymwjg‡ì gv‡S me©vwaK cwVZ I mgv`„Z nv`xm MÖš’| wZwb Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b gvìvmvq
Aa¨vcbv Kv‡j K‡qKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib hv ZrKv‡j e¨vcK RbwcÖqZv cvq| Zb¥‡a¨ †`vqvi fvÐvi,
†e‡nkZ I †`vhL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G Qvov Zvi Abyev`g~jK MÖš’ ÒdvRv‡q‡j AvgjÓ wmwiR MÖš’wU evsjvfvlx
me©mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q me©vwaK cÖwmw× I MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv †c‡q‡Q| Zvi iwPZ G hverKv‡j 23wU Bmjvgx eB
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| AcÖKvwkZI i‡q‡Q †ek K‡qKwU| e¯‘Z: Zvi cÖYxZ nv`xmwfwËK dvRv‡q‡j Avgj
MÖš’wUi Kvi‡Y evsjvfvlx ag©cÖvY gymwjg‡ì ü`q Mwn‡b Zvi bvgwU ¯’vb K‡i wb‡q‡Q|
BwšÍKvj : ÁvbZvcm nv`xmwe` gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZzjøvn AmsL¨ f³-Abyi³‡K †i‡L 2007 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi
gv‡mi 24 Zvwi‡L gnvb i‡ei mvwbœ‡a¨ P‡j hvb|137
gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvb (in.) [1935-2009 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : kvqLyj nv`xm, `„p‡PZv e¨w³Z¡, `ÿcÖkvmK Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvub| Zvi cy‡iv bvg
Aveyj Kvjvg gynv¤§` Avãyi ie Lvb| wcZvi bvg ‡mivR DwÏb Luvb Ges gvZv iqZzb wewe| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
GB gnvb ‡meK ewikvj †Rjvi ev‡KiMÄ _vbvi GK wbf…Z cjøx cÎcjø‡e my‡kvwfZ †Lv`ve·KvwV MÖv‡g
1930 mv‡j 138 wfbœg‡Z 1935 mv‡ji 31 gvP© 139 Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb
cÖZz¨rcbœgwZ I AmvaviY †gavex|
wkÿv Rxeb : evj¨Kv‡j wZwb ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| ZrKvjxb ev‡KiM‡Äi ¯‥zj cwi`k©K
mZxk evey GKevi Zv‡ì we`¨vjq cwi`k©‡b G‡m †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖ‡ek K‡i wR‡Ám K‡ib, †Zvgiv wK ej‡Z
cvi, †Zvgv‡ì we`¨vj‡qi mvg‡b w`‡q e‡q hvIqv b`x‡Z KZ Kjmx cvwb Av‡Q? ZrÿYvr evjK Avãyi ie
Lvb `vuwo‡q ej‡jb, wR m¨vi! Kjmxi AvqZb hw` b`xi A‡a©K nq Z‡e b`x‡Z `yB Kjmx cvwb Av‡Q|
DËi ï‡b mZxk evey Zv‡K Rwo‡q ai‡jb| ej‡jb, G †Q‡jwU A‡bK eo n‡e| wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_
cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ ev‡KiMÄ cvULvjx gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q mßg †kÖwY mgvß K‡ib| AZtci wZwb
SvjKvVx †Rjvi bjwmwU _vbvaxb dqiv †bQvwiqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq Aóg †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb| 1949 mv‡j
137 mvÿvrKvi: kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZzjøvn Gi †Q‡j gvIjvbv gÄyi Gjvnx ‡_‡K M‡elK 02.02.2021 Zvwi‡L DwjøwLZ
Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
138 gvIjvbv AvRgx, cÖv¸³, c„.234
139 QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj †_‡K D×…Z
407
wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K Avwjg cixÿvq AskMÖnY K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq †gavZvwjKvq cÖ_g wefv‡M
wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib Ges 1951 mv‡j dvwhj †kªYx‡Z (mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq) cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g
¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmvq Kvwgj nv`xm wefv‡M fwZ© nb Ges
1953 mv‡j Kvwgj nv`xm wefv‡MI mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq cÖ_g ‡kÖYx‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡i gygZvRyj
gynvwÏmxb Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ nb| Zuvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv wbqvR gvL`yg †LvZvbx (in.), Avãym mvËvi
wenvix (in.) I gydwZ Avãyj Kixg (in) cÖgy‡Li bvg mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨|140
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿvRxeb †k‡l 1953 mv‡j wZwb cv½vwkqv ‡bQvwiqv
wmwbqi gvìvmvq wkÿKZv †ckvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| D³ gvìvmvq Kvwgj nv`xm †Lvjv n‡j wZwb gynvwÏm
c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb 1969 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1969-
1972 mvj ch©šÍ Pvi eQi Lyjbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †_‡K nv`x‡mi cvV`vb K‡ib| c~bivq
wZwb cv½vwkqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` nv`x‡mi `vim `vb Ges wbR GjvKvq GKwU gvìvmvi Dbœq bK‡í
cÖ‡Póv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|141 AZtci kvn mydx Avey Rvdi gynv¤§` mv‡jn (in) Gi Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q wZwb
1 GwcÖj 1976 mv‡j fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡` QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 17
RyjvB 1989 mv‡j QviQxbv gvìvmvi fvicÖvß wcÖwÝc¨vj Ges 1 AvM÷ †_‡K ¯’vqx Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb ïiæ K‡ib| 1995 mv‡j Zvi PvKzix Rxeb †kl n‡j eZ©gvb cxi gvIjvbv kvn †gvnv¤§` †gv‡neŸyjøvn
Gi Aby‡iv‡a Av‡iv cvuP eQi `vwqZ¡ cvjb †k‡l 2000 mv‡j Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|142 AvRxeb QviQxbv
gvìvmvq wZwb mnxn eyLvixi `vim w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi eyLvixi ZvKexi wQj j¤^v wKš‘ mvRv‡bv-‡MvQv‡bv| wZwb
cÖvq BeviZ gyL¯’ ej‡Zb| Zvi AmsL¨ QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖavb gynvwÏm gvIjvbv
jyrdi ingvb (in.), gvIjvbv •Z‡qëyi ingvb (in.) Ges gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywbi ZvInx` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvub iwPZ †Zgb †Kvb MÖ‡š’i mÜvb cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e cvwÿK ZvejxM cwÎKvq Zvi
†ekwKQz cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xm welqK K‡qKwU cÖe‡Üi g‡a¨ nv`x‡mi Av‡jv: Wvb-ev‡gi
eënvi, nv`x‡mi Av‡jv: ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi AvswUi eY©bv, nv`x‡mi Av‡jv: ivm~jyjøvn (mv.) Gi RyZvi
eY©bv BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i gnvb mvaK I GKwbô ‡meK Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvub 27 RyjvB 2009
mv‡j †mvgevi GB RM‡Zi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i ciRM‡Z P‡j hvb|143
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvgRv` †nvmvBb (in.) [1943-2009 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiPq : gydZx gvIjvbv AvgRv` †nvmvBb144 1943 mv‡j gqgbwmsn †Rjvi dyjcyi Dc‡Rjvaxb
ivgQzbv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gywÝ Avãyj jwZd Ges gvZv mwKbv wewe| wZwb QviQxbv gvìvmvi
GKRb hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| wZwb ÔRvgvjcyix ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| KviY wZwb e„nËi
gqgbwms‡ni Awaevmx n‡jI Rvgvjcy‡ii w`‡K m¤ú„³ K‡i QviQxbv gvìvmvq Zv‡K Rvgvjcyix ûRyi bv‡g
AwfwnZ Kiv n‡Zv|
wkÿv Rxeb : wZwb cÖv_wgK wkÿv gqgbwmsn †Rjvi nwiYv`x Kvwgj gvìvmvq A÷g †kÖwY ch©šÍ cvV
mgvcbv‡šÍ 1960 mv‡j †`‡ki HwZnëvnx QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq beg †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb|
140 W. mvB‡q` kivdvZ Avjx m¤úvw`Z, wc‡ivvRcyi: gvwmK KzwogyKyj, (QviQxbv gvìvmv †_‡K evsjv‡`k QvÎ wnheyjøvn Gi gyLcvÎ
wn‡m‡e cÖKvwkZ), †m‡Þ¤î 2009wLª., c„. 45; Aa¨ÿ Av L g AveyeKi wmÏxK (m¤úvw`Z), ÔAa¨ÿ gynv¤§` Avãyi ie Lvb (in.)Õ,
gvwmK bZzb weKvk, XvKv: `viæbœvRvZ wmwÏwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, †m‡Þ¤î2017wLª., c„. 29-31
141 Aa¨ÿ Av L g AveyeKi wmÏxK (m¤úvw`Z), ÔAa¨ÿ gynv¤§` Avãyi ie Lvb (in.)Õ, gvwmK bZzb weKvk, cÖv¸³, c„. 34-35
142 QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj †_‡K D×…Z
143 gynv¤§` KvImvi web Avãyj Mwb m¤úvw`Z, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012 (Kvwgj nv`xm), XvKv: `viæbbvRvZ wmÏxwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv,
†m‡Þ¤î-2012, c„.67
144 cÖv¸³, c„. 69
408
1964 mv‡j Avwjg Rvgv‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| 1966 mv‡j dvwhj cixÿvq †e½j dv÷ nb|
AZtci AÎ gvìvmv †_‡KB 1968 mv‡j Kvwgj nv`xm wefv‡M cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z DËxY© nb| 1973 mv‡j
GKB gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj wdKvn wefv‡M cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G Qvov dRjyj nK
K‡j‡Ri Bs‡iRx wefv‡M ¯œvZK †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv wbqvR
gvL`yg †LvZvbx, gvIjvbv Avhxhyi ingvb †bQvivev`x, gvIjvbv Av g g Avngv`yjøvn cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 145
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1968 mv‡j wZwb Kvwgj cvm K‡i HwZnëvnx QviQxbv Kvwgj gvìvmvq
wkÿKZvi †ckvq wbhy³ nb| ch©vqµ‡g wZwb QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr gvìvmvi cÖavb gynvwÏm, cÖavb gydZx
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1997 mv‡j wZwb RvZxq ch©v‡q †kÖô wkÿK wn‡m‡e ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib|
wZwb 2000 mv‡j D³ gvìvmvi Aa¨‡ÿi c` AjsK…Z K‡ib| 146 AvgiY wZwb G c‡` †_‡KI
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbv Pvwj‡q †M‡Qb| GQvovI evsjv‡`k Rwgq‡Z wnheyjøvni bv‡q‡e Avgxi, wnheyjøvn
d‡Zvqv †ev‡W©i cwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k RwgqvZzj gy`viwimx‡bi mn-mfvcwZ Ges QviQxbv Øxwbqv gvìvmv
†ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎe„‡›ì g‡a¨ QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi
cÖavb gynvwÏm gvIjvbv jyrdi ingvb (in.), gvIjvbv •Z‡qëyi ingvb (in.) Ges gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywbi
ZvInx`, `viæbœvRvZ wmwÏwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ Av.L.g. AveyeKi wmÏxK, cÖavb gynvwÏm gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †kL, cÖgyL AMwYZ gynvwÏm| Zvi my`xN© 41 eQi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbvq AmsL¨
evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` •Zwi n‡q‡Q; hviv nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbvi G aviv‡K Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Qb|
iwPZ I m¤úvw`Z MÖš’vejx : wZwb ïay GKRb hyM‡kÖô AvwjgB wQ‡jb bv; eis †jLv‡jwLi †ÿ‡ÎI Zvi
Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K iwPZ Zvi MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨-1. IwRdv‡q mv‡jnxb; 2. cweÎ
KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Pwjøk nv`xm; 3. evsjv wgjv` kixd; 4. kvnx Lvebvgv; 5. Zvwjgx Rjmvi ¸iæZ¡; 6.
Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z wkï‡ì bvg I PwiÎ MVb; 7. wgbnvRyj Dm~j; 8. LyZev‡q mv‡jwnqvn; 9. Kzievbxi
gvmvBj cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb QviQxbv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ cÖvPxbZg BmjvwgK cwÎKv cvwÿK ZvejxM Gi
cÖvq GK `kK a‡i d‡Zvqv wefvM I m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G QvovI 1. Kwócv_‡i gywgb147 I
2. wKZveyj wdZvb ev wek¦bexi fwel¨r evYx148 MÖš’Øq m¤úv`bv K‡ib|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G gnvb Lvw`g 2009 Gi 17 Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L ü`h‡š¿i wµqv eÜ n‡q 18 Rvbyqvwi
2009 mv‡j †fvi 6 Uvq Bn RMZ Z¨vM K‡i `qvgq cÖf~i mvwbœ‡a¨ cvwo Rgvb|149
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj Rwjj (in.) [1933-2009wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : nv‡dR gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj Rwjj; AvwK¡`v-wek¦v‡m mybœx, gZv`‡k© nvbvdx Ges ZwiKvq
K¡v‡ìxqvi Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb 26 fv`ª, kwbevi, 1340 evsjv †gvZv‡eK 11 †m‡Þ¤î 1933 mv‡j
Pvu`cyi †Rjvi gZje _vbvaxb cvVvb evRvi, Avwgqvcyi MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx Ijx-Avjøvn es‡k Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| ev`kvn AvjgMx‡ii †Q‡ji wkÿK, cÖL¨vZ eyhyM© I Dm~jyj wdKnwe`, weL¨vZ byiæj AvbIqvi MÖ‡š’i
†jLK Avng` †gvjøvn wRqyb (in.) Zvi es‡ki c~e©cyiæl wn‡m‡e ejv n‡q _v‡K| Zvi wcZv gywÝ Av`g
Avjx †gvjøv I gvZv gv‡jKv LvZzb| wZwb Zvi Pvi †evb I Qq fvB‡qi g‡a¨ me©Kwbô| 150
wkÿRxeb : nvwdR Avãyj Rwjj cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖv‡gi g³e †_‡K AvniY K‡ib| PZz_© †kÖwY cvm Kivi
ci wndh Avi¤¢ K‡ib Ges 1952 mv‡j `yÕeQi wZb gv‡m wndh †kl K‡ib| Zvici 1955 mv‡j
145 gydZx gvhnviæj Bmjvg Imgvb Kv‡mgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 367

146 QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi †iKW© dvBj n‡Z D×…Z|
147 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †gvqv‡¾g †nvmvBb, Kwócv_‡i gywgb, wc‡ivRcyi: QviQxbv gvìvmv gymwjg †÷vi, 2q cÖKvk,2007wLª., c„. 176
148 gvIjvbv gvngy`yg gybxi nvgxg, wKZveyj wdZvb ev wek¦bexi fwel¨r evYx, wc‡ivRcyi: QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr jvB‡eªwi,2002wLª, c„. 80
149 gydZx gvhnviæj Bmjvg Imgvb Kv‡mgx, cÖv¸³, c„. 369
150 gvIjvbv Avãyj Rjxj, Rjxjyj eqvb dx Zvdmxwij KziAvb, XvKv: mybœx M‡elYv †K›`ª,2019wLª., c„.45
409
gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1958 mv‡j `vwLj, 1960 mv‡j Avwjg, 1962 mv‡j dvwhj I 1964 mv‡j Kvwgj
(nv`xm) cÖ_g wefv‡M e„wËmn DËxY© nb| Zvici 1964-1970 mv‡ji g‡a¨ B›UviwgwW‡qU, wWwMÖ I Gg.G.
(BwZnvm) D”PZi wØZxq wefv‡M e„wËmn DËxY© nb|151
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1970 mv‡j mvaviY wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡ib| cÖ_‡g
wZwb K‡j‡Ri Aa¨vcbvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z gvìvmvi gynvwÏm I Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡i‡Qb| Gi evB‡i gmwR‡ì Bgvg I LwZe wn‡m‡eI wKQzKvj PvKyix K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 1977 mv‡j
PÆMÖv‡gi Rv‡gqv Avngw`qv mywbœqv Avwjqv gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1978 mv‡j XvKv
†gvnv¤§`cyi Kv‡`wiqv •Zqweqv Avwjqv gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1987 †_‡K 1990 mvj
ch©šÍ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ðkb Gi Bgvg †Uªwbs cÖ‡R± XvKv wefvMxq Kvh©vj‡q cwiPvjK c‡` `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| 1990 mvj †_‡K cybivq Kv‡`wiqv •Zqweqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb| wZwb
wkÿKZv, IqvR-bwmnZ, MÖš’ iPbv BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| 152
gvIjvbv Avãyj Rwjj Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q 20wU MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ mivmwi nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK
MÖš’ GKwUÑ 1.evsjvq †evLvix kixd msKjb| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G gnvb ‡meK nvwdR gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj
Rwjj (in.) 23 †m‡Þ¤î, 2009 mv‡ji eyaevi `ywbqv †Q‡o Avjøvni mvwbœ‡a¨ P‡j hvb|153
gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn (in.) [1930-2010 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn 1930 mv‡j Aaybv biwms`x †Rjvi ivqcyiv _vbvi AšÍM©Z ga¨bMi MÖv‡gi
GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zviv wcZv gyÝx gynv¤§` Avãyj AvwRR (in.)|154
wkÿv Rxeb : ¯’vbxq cvVkvjv †_‡K wZwb e„wËmn cÂg †kÖwY cvm K‡i cvovZzjx ¯‥z‡j lô †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb|
AZtci wZwb 1944 mv‡j eªvþYevwoqv Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv BDbywmqv‡Z (iRe gv‡m) fwZ© n‡q (†h‡nZz iRe
gv‡m dvBbvj cixÿv n‡q gvìvmv eÜ n‡q hvq, GRb¨) wZwb gvIjvbv dv‡qR DÏx‡bi wbKU cÖvB‡fUfv‡e
BqvR`ng I `n‡gi (PZy_©-cÂg †kÖwY) mg¯Í wKZvevw` KÚ¯’ K‡i †bb| AZtci eQ‡ii ïiæ‡Z kvIqvj
gv‡m wgRvb Rvgv‡Z (lô) fwZ© n‡q h_vixwZ Rvgv‡Z Pvnvig (GKv`k †kÖwY) ch©šÍ Z_vq covïbv K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb 1948 mv‡j dL‡i ev½vj gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg (in.) Gi AbygwZ mv‡c‡ÿ `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe›` Mgb K‡i GKvav‡i cuvP eQi cov‡kvbv K‡i `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi PzovšÍ cixÿvq mdjZvi mv‡_ DËxY©
n‡q m‡e©v”P mb` jvf K‡ib| Ae‡k‡l wZwb (c~Y©gvÎvq kixq‡Zi ÁvbvR©‡bi ci) gv‡id‡Zi mKj gvbvwhj
AwZµg K‡i AvIjv‡` ivm~j •mq` AvmAv` Avj-gv`vbx (in.) †_‡K †LjvdZ cÖvß nb|155
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : AZtci 1954 mv‡j †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i dL‡i ev½vj (in.) Gi
civgk©µ‡g bvwmibMi _vbvaxb Av‡bvqviæj Dj~g Bmjvwgqv fzeb gvìvmvq Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| AZtci
wZwb Rvwgqv Gg`vw`qv wK‡kviM‡Ä GKeQi K‡i wkÿKZv K‡ib| Zvici wZwb dL‡i ev½vj (in.) Gi
Aby‡iv‡a 1957 mv‡j Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv BDbywmqv‡Z kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb
cÖavb gydZxiI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|156 Gfv‡e wbôv I AvgvbZ`vixi mv‡_ my`xN© 53 eQi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb| nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi` •Zwi‡Z Zvi
Ae`vb ¯^Y©vÿ‡i wjwce× n‡q _vK‡e|
151 cÖv¸³
152 cÖv¸³, c„. 47
153 cÖv¸³, c„. 48
154 gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, Rvwgqv BDbywQqv eªv²Yevwoqvi kZel© cywZ© ¯§viK, cÖv¸³, c„.128
155 cÖv¸³
156 gvIjvbv Zvngx`yj gvIjv, ÔgydwZ b~iæjøvn (in.): wKwQz ¯§„wZÕ, gvwmK AvjKvDmvi, XvKv: el©-6, msL¨v-4, GwcÖj 2010wLª.,
410
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn 22 Rvbyqvwi 2010 mv‡j fxlYfv‡e Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| w`b w`b Zvi Amy¯’Zv
evo‡ZB _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l 8 †deªæqwi 2010 Zvwi‡L ivZ 3.30 Uvq wZwb Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv BDbywmqvi
wmwbqi wkÿK gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK‡K †dvbvjv‡c ej‡jb, AvMvgxKvj gvìvmvq A‡bK †gngvb Avm‡eb|
Avcbviv †h †Kvbfv‡e Zv‡ì‡K †gngvb`vix Ki‡eb| ZLb wZwb Avðh© n‡q ej‡jb, KvD‡K †Zv `vIqvZ
Kiv nqwb! gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn ej‡jb, Avwg bv _vK‡jI Avcbviv civgk© K‡i Zuv‡ì †gngvb`vix Ki‡eb|
iRbxi BwZ †U‡b cÖfv‡Zi Dlvj‡Mœ ü`q fv½v we¯§qKi Lei Av‡m, gvIjvbv b~iæjøvn Avi †bB|157
W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn (in.) [1947-2011]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn 1947 mv‡j †bvqvLvjx ‡Rjvi PvUwLj _vbvaxb Avey †ZvivebMi MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Z‡e wZwb cieZx©‡Z iscyi †Rjvi AšÍM©Z cxiMÄ _vbvi PZiv MÖv‡gi ¯’vqx evwm›`v
wQ‡jb| Zuvi wcZvi bvg Rbve †g․jfx †gveviK Djøvn Ges gvZvi bvg kvwdqv LvZzb|
wkÿv Rxeb : W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ Aa¨qb †k‡l PvUwLj
Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³ gvìvmv †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívb gvìvmv wkÿv‡evW© KZ…©K M„nxZ 1960 mv‡j
Avwjg I 1962 mv‡j dvwhj cixÿvq ‡gavZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g cÖ_g wefv‡M 6ô I 3q ¯’vb Ges 1964
mv‡j †bvqvLvjx KvivgwZqv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj (nv`xm), 1972 mv‡j e¸ov gy¯Ívdvweqv Avwjqv
gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj (Zvdmxi), 1973 mv‡j PÆMÖvg cvPjvBk IqvwRw`qv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj (wdKn)
cixÿvq ‡gavZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g, cÖ_g I wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G QvovI wZwb
PÆMÖv‡gi Gg.B.Gm. K‡jR †_‡K 1968 mv‡j wØZxq wefv‡M GBP.Gm.wm I 1970 mv‡j wØZxq wefv‡M
we.G.cvm K‡ib| ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fvlv wefv‡Mi Aax‡b Aviex wel‡q 1972 mv‡ji Gg.G
wcÖwjwgbvix cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g, 1973 mv‡j Gg.G. Aviex wel‡q cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 2q ¯’vb AwaKvi
K‡ib| AZtci XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K 1978 mv‡ji Gg.G. cixÿvq cÖ_g
†kÖwY‡Z 2q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb 1988 mv‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ÔBgvg Zvnvfxi Rxebx Ges
nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zvi Ae`vbÕ kxl©K Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡Z wZwb iscyi †Rjvi cxiMÄ _vbvi miwjqv G.wU.Gg
wmwbqi gvìvmvq mycv‡i‡›U‡Û›U, KzwoMÖvg mvZ`vimvn ÔAvwjqv gvìvmvi gynvwÏm, wm‡jU mrcyi Avwjqv
gvìvmvi gynvwÏm, PÆMÖvg IqvwRw`qv ÔAvwjqv gvìvmvi cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` 1973-1976 ch©šÍ nv`xmkv¯¿
Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1991 mv‡j cybivq ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M mn‡hvMx
Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 1993 mv‡j cÖ‡dmi c‡` DbœxZ nb| 1993-1995 ch©šÍ Aviex I
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Aviex wefv‡Mi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kv‡j
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM‡K c„_K K‡i D³ wefv‡Mi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
iPbvejx : W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ MÖš’vewji g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q- (K) †g․wjK MÖš’: 1. Bgvg
Zvnvfx (in.) Rxeb I Kg©, 2. mnxn eyLvixi e¨vL¨v AvIbyj-evix, 3. Bgvg gynv¤§` Deb BmgvCj Avj-
eyLvix (in.) I Zvi RvwgÕ 4. Dj~gyj KziAvb, 5. KziAvb I nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K wRb RvwZ I Bejxm 6. m~iv
Bqvmx‡bi Zvdmxi, 7. m~iv AvjdvZ‡ni Zvdmxi, 8. myiv Avi ivngv‡bi Zvdmxi, Ges 9. myiv Avj
IqvwKAvi Zvdmxi Ab¨Zg| (L) Ab~w`Z MÖš’: GKwU h_v- Ònv`xm kv‡¯¿i BwZe„ËÓ| (mv.) AcÖKvwkZ
MÖš’: Dmyjyj wdKn, Zvdmwi PP©vq gvngy` Avj-Avjymx (in.) Gi Ae`vb, RvwgDZ wZiwghx Gi wKZveym
mvjvZ Gi e¨vL¨v, wKqvg‡Zi wb`k©b cÖf…wZ| (N) Ab~w`Z AcÖKvwkZ MÖš’: Zvqmxiæ gymZvwnj nv`xm, ïiæZz
157 gydwZ †gveviKzjøvn I gydwZ Avãyjøvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 134
411
AvB¤§vm I wdKûj nvqv| GQvoI wZwb Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ iPbv K‡ib| Zvi
cÖKvwkZ I AcÖKvwkZ cÖe‡Üi msL¨v cÖvq 150wU| W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn †hgb GKRb we`» M‡elK
wQ‡jb, †Zgwb GKRb wePÿY M‡elYv ZË¡veavqKI wQ‡jb| Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, PÆMÖvg
wek¦we`¨vjq, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi 25 Rb wkÿK I M‡elK wcGBP.wW. Ges 5 Rb M‡elK Gg.wdj
wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
BwšÍKvj : W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn 2011 mv‡ji 27 †g †ivR Rygvevi ivRkvnx †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j
wPwKrmvaxb Ae¯’vq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨Kv‡j Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 64 eQi 3 gvm| 158
gvIjvbv AvRxRyj nK (in.) [1919-2012 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg nv`xmwekvi`, Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi Av‡cvlnxb Rb‡bZv, m¤ú~Y©
eyLvix kix‡di cÖ_g e½vbyev`K, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK| wZwb Aaybv gywÝMÄ †Rjvi †j․nRs
_vbvi wfwiP Lvu MÖv‡gi m¤£všÍ KvRx cwiev‡i 1919 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv AvjnvR¡ Gikv`
Avjx| wZwb gvÎ cuvP eQi eq‡m Zuvi gv‡K nvivb| d‡j bvbx I Lvjvi Av`‡i jvwjZ-cvwjZ nb|159
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK AvwRRyj nK ¯’vbxq g³‡e wKQzw`b covi ci mvZ eQi eq‡m eªvþYevwoqvi Rv‡gqv
BDbywmqvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyixi (in.) ZË¡veav‡b 4 eQi †jLvcov K‡ib|
AZtci 1931 mv‡j XvKvi eo KvUviv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 12 eQi †jLvcov K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vIiv‡q
nv`xm cvm K‡ib| G mg‡q gvIjvbv hdi Avng` Dmgvbx, gvIjvbv iwdK Kvk¥xix, gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK
dwi`cyix, nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) cÖgyL weÁ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Kv‡Q KziAvb nv`x‡mi Ávb jvf K‡ib| 1943
mv‡j D”P wkÿvi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi †ev‡¤î myiZ †Rjvi Wv‡f‡j Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b gvIjvbv
kveŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.), gvIjvbv e`‡i Avjg wgivVx (in.) cÖgy‡Li Kv‡Q D”PZi Dj~gyj nv`xm wkÿv
jvf K‡ib| kveŸxi Avng` Dmgvbx (in.) n‡Z kÖæZ mnxn eyLvixi †h (ZvKixi) e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY I Av‡jvPbv
wZwb †bvU K‡i iv‡Lb; Zv cieZx© Rxe‡b Zvui we‡kl m¤^j n‡q D‡V| me©‡kl fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`
†_‡K gvIjvbv Bìxm Kv›`vjfx (in.) Gi ZË¡veav‡b Zvdmxi wel‡q D”P wkÿv jvf K‡ib|160
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : fvi‡Zi Wv‡fj¯’ Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv †_‡K D”P wkÿv MÖn‡Yi Kivi ci
†mLv‡bB Zv‡K wkÿKZv Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq| wZwb gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyixi (in.)
civgk©µ‡g †`‡k wd‡i XvKv¯’ eo KvUviv gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| G gvìvmvq `ÿZvi
mv‡_ wZwb 1946-1952 ch©šÍ `ÿZvi mv‡_ cvV `vb K‡ib| Zvic‡i 1952 †_‡K 1985 mvj ch©šÍ jvjevM
Rvwgqvq wZwb mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ wZbhyM eyLvix kixd
Aa¨vcbvi ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc Zuv‡K ÔkvqLyj nv`xmÕ †LZv‡e f~wlZ Kiv nq| G mg‡qB Zuvi iwPZ eyLvix kix‡di
e½vbyev` cÖKvwkZ nq| jvjev‡M Aa¨vcbvi duv‡K wZwb 1971 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefv‡M wfwRwUs cÖ‡dmi wn‡m‡e eyLvix kix‡di Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| wZwb †mLv‡b 3 eQi G `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| 1986 mv‡j wZwb Rvwgqv gynv¤§w`qv Avivweqv bv‡g gynv¤§`cyi¯’ †gvnv¤§`x nvDwRs G GKwU gvìvmv
cÖwZôv K‡ib| hv 1988 mv‡j gynv¤§`cyi¯’ mvZ gmwR‡ì cv‡k¦© bZzbfv‡e cÖwZôv K‡i Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv
Avivweqvq bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq| GLv‡b wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk wZwb wewfbœ
mg‡q †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖwm× gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`x‡mi ‡mev K‡ib| GB avivevwnKZvq wZwb
gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn, ebvbx RvwgAv gynv¤§w`qv Bmjvwgqv, jvjgvwUqv Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv,
wgicyi-14 Rv‡gDj Dj~g gvìvmv, wmivRM‡Äi †eZzqv gvìvmv, `viæj Dj~g wgicyi-1, biwms`x †e․qvKzo
158 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 10 Rvbyqvix 2021 Zvwi‡L W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn Gi †Q‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` gvneyeyi
ingv‡bi mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
159 gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡jK m¤úvw`Z, eÜb (2002C. dzhvjv ¯§viK), XvKv: Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqvi ZvKwgj RvgvZ-2002, c„. 8
160 cÖv¸³, c„.9
412
gvìvmv, `viæm mvjvg gvìvmv, mvfvi e¨vsKK‡jvbx gvìvmvq eyLvix kix‡di `vim cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|161
gvVch©vq AbymÜv‡b Rvbv ‡M‡Q, KIgx gvìvmv A½‡bi gynvwÏmM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKKfv‡e my`xN© 66 eQ‡i
evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` •Zwi‡Z kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj n‡Ki GKK Ae`vb mevi kx‡l©|
ivR •bwZK Rxeb : 1981 mv‡j wZwb nv‡d¾x ûRy‡ii Wv‡K †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| ZLb wZwb
wmwbqi bv‡q‡e Avgxi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1982 mv‡j nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) Gi mdim½x wn‡m‡e
Bivb, BivK, ga¨cÖvP¨ mdi K‡ib| G md‡i wZwb gymwjg D¤§vni HK¨cÖ‡Póvi e¨vcv‡i wek¦ †bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_
djcÖmy Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| 1987 mv‡j Zuvi †bZ…‡Z¡ cÖwZwôZ nq Bmjvgx kvmbZš¿ Av‡›`vjb| 1993 mv‡ji
2-4 Rvbyqvwi eveix gmwR` cyY:wbg©v‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv †_‡K h‡kvi †ebv‡cvj n‡q A‡hva¨v Awfgy‡L
HwZnvwmK jsgv‡P© wZwb †bZ…Z¡ †`b| 1994 mv‡j M½vi cvwb msKU wbimb Av‡›`vj‡b †bZ…Z¡ †`b| Bmjvg
we‡Ølx Gb.wR.I †ì Bmjvg we‡ivax AcZrciZvi weiæ‡× wZwb Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡jb| 2006 mv‡ji 16
AvM÷ KIgx gvìvmv mb‡ì miKvwi ¯^xK…wZi `vex‡Z cë‡b Av‡qvwRZ RvZxq QvÎ Kb‡fbk‡b †`k, RvwZ
I miKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb GK `xN© HwZnvwmK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| G fvlY KIgx gvìvmvi miKvwi
¯^xK…wZi `vex‡Z cieZx©‡Z M„nxZ I AbywôZ mKj Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ gvBjdjK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| 2008 mv‡j
G dLiæÏxb miKv‡ii KziAvb we‡ivax bvix bxwZgvjvi cÖwZev‡` KziAvb we‡ivax AvBb cÖwZ‡iva KwgwU MVb
K‡i Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ †`b kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvRxRyj nK (in.)|162
‡jLv‡jwL : kvqLyj nv`xm (in.) Gi Abb¨ Ae`vb n‡jv, m¤ú~Y© eyLvix kix‡di e½vbyev`| eZ©gv‡b 10
L‡Ð mgvß eyLvix kix‡di G wek` e¨vL¨v MÖš’wU Avwjg I mvaviY wkwÿZ mK‡ji Kv‡Q e¨vcKfv‡e mgv`„Z
n‡q‡Q| wZwb eyLvix kix‡di Abyev`Kg© 1952 mv‡j cweÎ n‡¾i md‡i ïiæ K‡ib| 16 eQ‡ii K‡Vvi
mvavbvq Zv mgvß K‡ib| Gi A‡bK AskB wZwb iIRv kix‡di cv‡k e‡m Abyev` K‡ib|
1. wZwb QvÎ Rxe‡b eyLvix kix‡di D`©y fvl¨ wj‡Lb| 1800 c„ôvi G e„nr MÖš’wU ÔdRjyj evix ki‡n
eyLvixÕ bv‡g cvwK¯Ívb I evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
2. gymwjg kixd I Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡mi Qq wKZve bv‡g Abe`¨ GK nv`xm welqK MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| G‡Z
welqwfwËK nv`xmmg~n Abyev`mn Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|163
mšÍvb-mš‘wZ : cvwievwiK Rxe‡b wZwb 5 †Q‡j I 8 †g‡qi RbK| bvwZ-bvZwbmn Zuvi cwiev‡i nvwd‡hi
msL¨v cÖvq 100 Rb I Avwj‡gi msL¨v 35 Rb|
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in) 2012 mv‡ji 8 AvM÷, eyaevi `ycyi 12Uv 40 wgwb‡U
gnvb i‡ei Wv‡K mvov w`‡q Zvi GKvšÍ mvwbœ‡a¨ P‡j hvb| Zvi Rvbvhv bvgv‡h ¯§iYKv‡ji me©e„nr
MYRgv‡qZ N‡U| ÿYRb¥v GB gnvcyiæl †gvnv¤§`cy‡ii cvk¦©eZx© AvwUevRvi GgviMvI‡q cvwievwiK Kei¯’v‡b
mgvwnZ nb|164
gydZx dRjyj nK Avwgbx (in.) [1945-2012 wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : kvqLyj nv`xm, Av‡cvlnxb mvnmx ‡bZv gydZx dRjyj nK Avwgbx (in.) 1945 mv‡j 15
b‡f¤î eªvþYevwoqv mì Avwgbcy‡ii GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv AvjnvR¡
Iqv‡qR DÏxb|
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK dRjyj nK Rvwgqv BDbywmqv we-evoxqv I gywÝM‡Äi †gv¯ÍdvMÄ gvìvmv †_‡K wkÿv
jv‡fi ci 1961-1968 mvj ch©šÍ XvKvi jvjevM Rvwgqv †KviAvwbqv Avivweqv †_‡K D”P wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
161 cÖv¸³, c„.9-10

162 cÖv¸³, c„.11
163 cÖv¸³, c„.13
164 cÖv¸³; mvÿvrKvi: Z`xq cyÎ gvIjvbv gvndzRyj nK (gynZvwgg, RvwgAv ivngvwbqv) Gi mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
413
1969 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivPx cÖ‡`‡ki wbD UvDb gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q nv`xm I wdKn kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWwMÖ
AR©b K‡ib| Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡iI 1972 mv‡j gvÎ bq gv‡m KziAvb gvRx` wndh m¤úbœ K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ †`‡k wd‡i 1970 mv‡j Kvgiv½xiPi Rvwgqv
bywiqvq Zvi wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi m~Pbv nq| G eQ‡iB wZwb nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) Gi Kb¨vi m‡½ •eevwnK
eÜ‡b Ave× nb| AZtci 1975 mv‡j jvjevM Rvwgqvi wkÿK I bv‡q‡e gydZx wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|
1984 mv‡j jvjevM Rv‡gqvi fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj I cÖavb gydZxi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| 1987 mv‡j wZwb
jvjevM Rv‡gqvi wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i AvgiY G c‡` wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi
mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb mnxn eyLvixi `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| G QvovI wZwb 2003-2012 mvj ch©šÍ eo KvUviv
Rvwgqv †nvmvBwbqv Avkivdzj Djy‡giI wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| gydZx Avwgbx (in.) GKRb
cÖLi †gavex I msMÖvgx Avwjg wQ‡jb| †Lvjv‡gjv fvlvq e³e¨ w`‡Zb| cÖvY Ly‡j wgk‡Zb| Mfxi Aa¨qb
I cvV wbgMœZvq wZwb A‡bK mgqB we‡fvi _vK‡Zb| jvjevM gvìvmvi wekvj jvB‡eªwii kZ kZ cÖvPxb
wKZv‡ei cvZvq cvZvq KvV‡cwÝ‡ji AvuP‡i Zvi †bvU I ch©‡eÿY AvuKv Av‡Q| wZwb cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î
mvejxj evsjv fvlvq nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Ki‡Zb| Zvi my`xN© 42 eQ‡ii Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b wZwb
AMwYZ nv`xmwe` •Zwi K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Qb|
ivR •bwZK Rxeb : 1981 mv‡j nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in.) Gi wbe©vPbx Kvh©µ‡g mwµq f~wgKv cvj‡bi gva¨‡g
Zvi ivRbxwZi gq`v‡b c`vc©Y K‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z wZwb †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi gnvmwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ jvf
K‡ib| 1987 mv‡j (nv‡d¾x ûRyi (in) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci) †LjvdZ Av‡›`vj‡bi gnvmwP‡ei `vwqZ¡
†_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib Ges 1991 mv‡j Djvgv KwgwU MVb K‡i †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| 1994
mv‡j Bmjvgx †gvP©vi gnvmwPe I cieZx©‡Z Gi †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib| 1994 mv‡j weZwK©Z
†jwLKv Zmwjgv bvmwi‡bi weiæ‡× mviv †`‡k K‡Vvi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡jb| d‡j wZwb †`k Qvo‡Z eva¨
nq| 1995 mv‡j Bmjvgx HK¨‡Rv‡Ui gnvmwPe Ges cieZx©‡Z Gi †Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ jvf K‡ib|
1997 mv‡j Pvi`jxq †RvU MV‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| 2001 mv‡j meiKg d‡Zvqv wbwl× Kivi
GKwU ivq D”P Av`vjZ †_‡K †NvwlZ n‡j wZwb wePvicwZ‡K gyiZv` †NvlYv K‡i SzwKc~Y© I NUbveûj
GK Av‡›`vj‡b †b‡g c‡ob| ZLb wZwb Pvi gvm Kvivew›` wQ‡jb| GKB eQi 1 A‡±vei AbywôZ RvZxq
msm` wbe©vP‡b eªvþYevwoqv-2 Avmb †_‡K wecyj †fv‡U RvZxq msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb|
cÖKvwkZ MÖš’ : gydZx Avwgbx GKRb we`» nv`xmwe` I el©xqvb ivRbxwZwe` wQ‡jb; GKB mv‡_ eû MÖš’
cÖ‡YZvI e‡U| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ cÖwm× K‡qKwUÑ 1.`vimyj eyLvix wj mvjvwdbvj AvKvwei
(Aviex); 2.mjd I AvKvwei Kv Zix‡K gyZvjvAv (D`y©); 3. Bmjvgx AvBb ebvg gvbe iwPZ AvBb; 4.
dvZvIqv‡q Rv‡gqv (6LÐ ); 5. Kvievjvi wkÿv; 6. Av`k© QvÎ; 7. wZjvIqv‡Z KziAvb; 8.nhiZ
gyRvwÏ‡` Avj‡dmvbx (in.) Gi ms¯‹vi: Øx‡b Gjvnx; 9.Amr Av‡jg I cxi; 10.gvÔAv‡idzj †givR; 11.
Av`k© ivóªbxwZ I Av`k© ivRbxwZ; cÖf…wZ|
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gydZx gvIjvbv dRjyj nK Avwgbx (in.) 2012 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤î gnvb i‡ei
Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|165
gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn (in.) [1933-2013 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : ÿYRb¥v gbxlx, kvqLyj nv`xm KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn Aaybv wSbvB`n †Rjvi KvjxMÄ
_vbvaxb †Mvcvjcyi MÖv‡gi m¤£všÍ KvRx cwiev‡i evev gvIjvbv KvRx mvLvIqvZ ûmvBb I gv KziivZzb
wbmvi †Kvj Av‡jvwKZ K‡i 1933 mv‡ji 15 Ryb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|166
165 gydZx dRjyj nK Avwgbx (in.) Gi RvgvZv, jvjevM gvìvmvi Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv hyev‡qi Avng` 10 Rvbyqvix 2021 M‡elK‡K
mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn Kiv K‡i‡Qb|
414
wkÿv Rxeb : cvwievwiK HwZn¨ Abyhvqx Avwjg wcZv-gvZvi Kv‡QB Zuvi cÖv_wgK wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo nq|
bvbv I gv‡qi Kv‡QB KziAvb gvRx‡ì meK †kl K‡ib| ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvi cvV †k‡l 1943 gZvšÍ‡i
1944 mv‡j wZwb h‡kv‡ii gwbivgcyi _vbvi jvDox gvìvmvq bng (lô ‡kÖYx) Rvgv‡Z fwZ© nb| GB
gvìvmvq wZwb Djv (dvwRj) RvgvZ ch©šÍ AZ¨šÍ mybv‡gi mv‡_ covïbv K‡ib| AZtci 1953 mv‡j
wZwb Zvi wcZ…Zzj¨ wkÿK gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj Avjx (in.) Gi mv‡_ Zvejx‡Mi wPjøvi wbq¨v‡Z wn›`y¯’v‡b
Mgb K‡ib Ges wPjøv †k‡l `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` fwZ© nb| AZtci wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ nv`xm kv‡¯¿
D”PZi mb` jvf K‡ib| Z_vq Zvi wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng`
gv`vbx (in.), kvqLyj Avè gvIjvbv Ghvh Avjx (in.), gvIjvbv Beivnxg evwjqvex (in), gvIjvbv
mvwq¨` dLiæj nvmvb gyiv`vev`x (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D”PZi Ávb AR©b K‡ib|167
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : QvÎRxe‡b wZwb †hgb AmvaviY †gav I cÖwZfvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb,
Kg©Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡ÎI wZwb †Zgwb `ÿZvi Qvc †i‡L‡Qb| Zuvi †MvUv RxebB bvbv iƒc-mylgv I
•ewP‡Î¨ ficyi| 1958 mv‡j wZwb †Ìe›` †_‡K wd‡i G‡m h‡kv‡ii jvDox Avwjqv gvìvmvq wkÿK
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges mybv‡gi mv‡_ Aa¨vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1959 mv‡j
XvKvi eo KvUviv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki HwZnëvnx
Rvwgqv Gg`vw`qv wK‡kviM‡Ä †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1960 †_‡K 1966 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb G gvìvmvq Zvdmxi,
nv`xm, wdKn, Kvjvg I ZK©kv¯¿ BZ¨vw` wel‡q AZ¨šÍ mybv‡gi mv‡_ cvV`vb K‡ib| 1966 mv‡ji †k‡li
w`‡K wZwb †gv‡gbkvnxi KvZjv‡mb Avwjqv gvìvmvi †nW gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| 3 eQi wZwb
mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb K‡ib| 1969 mv‡j XvKvi Rvwgqv gv`vwbqv hvÎvevox gvìvmvq
wZwb gynZvwg‡gi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ nb| Qq wKsev mvZ eQi wZwb G `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Gici 75 mv‡j
`vIiv‡q nv`xm Pvjy Kiv n‡j wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm wbhy³ nb| 1977 mv‡j wZwb cybivq †gv‡gbkvnxi
KvZjv‡mb Avwjqv gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| GeviI wZwb GLv‡b 3 eQi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e Aa¨vcbv
K‡ib| G mgq wZwb †gv‡gbkvnxi LvMWni gvìvmvqI mnxn eyLvixi `vim w`‡Zb|
1979-80 mv‡ji gv‡Si K‡qK gvm wZwb XvKvi wgicy‡i Aew¯’Z Rvwgqv †nvmvBwbqv AviRvev` gvìvmvq
gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1980 mv‡j wZwb Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjev‡Mi gynZvwgg wn‡m‡e
†hvM`vb K‡ib| `xN© GMv‡iv eQi (1980-1991) wZwb GB gvìvmvi gynZvwgg Ges `vIiv‡q nv`xm Pvjy
nIqvi c‡i kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Avwki `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
KZ…©cÿ Zuv‡K BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M 6 gv‡mi Rb¨ LÐKvjxb wkÿK wn‡m‡e G‡mvwm‡qU cÖ‡dmi c‡`
wb‡qvM `vb K‡i| Z_vq †gvU `yB eQi hveZ LÐKvjxb Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib|
1991 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K K‡qK gvm wZwb `viæj Dj~g, wgicyi-6, XvKvq gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1992 mv‡ji ïiæi w`‡K wZwb h‡kv‡ii Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv òvUvbv gvìvmvq
gynZvwgg c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges cieZx© eQi `vIivq nv`xm †Lvjv n‡j wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡eI
cvV`vb K‡ib| 1994 mv‡j XvKvi ZvuZxevRvi¯’ Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1997 mv‡j wZwb cybivq gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviBq¨vi gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Avg„Zz¨ GLv‡bB wZwb AZ¨šÍ wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|168
Zvi KwZcq L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm QvÎ : gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb, gynvZvwgg-hvÎvevox gvìvmv I Avgxi,
`vIqvZzj nK, evsjv‡`k|
166 gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv. BqvnBqv m¤úvw`Z, kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, XvKv: Rvwgqv
kviBq¨vn gvwjevM, 2017, c„. 40
167 cÖv¸³, c„. 43
168 cÖv¸³, c„. 52-53
415
 gydZx gynv¤§` Iqv°vm, kvqLyj nv`xm, cÖv³b Ggwc, cÖwZgš¿x|

 gvIjvbv dix` DÏxb gvmD`, kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgÕAv BKiv evsjv‡`k|
 gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x (in.), mv‡eK gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm -‡P․ayixcvov gvìvmv|
 nv‡dR gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb nv‡d¾x, gynZvwgg gvLhvbyj Dj~g gvìvmv, gqgbwmsn|
 gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb, gynvwÏm, RvwgqvZzj Dj~wgj Bmjvwgqv, gynv¤§`cyi|
 gvIjvbv gydZx †gvnv¤§` Avjx, gynZvwgg, B`vivZzj gvAvwid, AvdZvebMi|
 gvIjvbv Av.e. g. mvBdzj Bmjvg, kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgqvZzj Djywgj Bmjvwgqv, gynv¤§`cyi|
 gvIjvbv †ngv‡qZ DÏxb, kvqLyj nv`xm, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv ZuvZxevRvi|
 gvIjvbv RyevBi Avng` Avkivd, gynvwÏm, gvìvmv mvCw`qv Kvixwgqv-mvC`bMi, fvUviv,XvKv|
 gvIjvbv †jvKgvb gvhnvix, gynvwÏm, gvhnviæj Dj~g wgicyi|
 gvIjvbv Avãyi ivhhvK, gynvwÏm, Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg gvìvmv, wgicyi|
 gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn †gvnv¤§` BqvnBqvn, gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjevM, XvKv|
 gydwZ Avãym mvjvg, gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjevM, XvKv|
 gvIjvbv bvmxg AvivdvZ, D¯Ívhyj nv`xm, Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjevM,XvKv| cÖgyL|
KIgx avivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cw_K…r : gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn KIgx A½‡bi GKRb mdj
ms¯‥viK| whwb AvRxeb evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`vb K‡i‡Qb| ïay ZvB bq gvZ…fvlv evsjv‡K wkÿvi
gva¨g wn‡m‡eI wZwbB me©cÖ_g Pvjy K‡ib| gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.) wewfbœ MÖš’ evsjvq
Abyev` Kivi gva¨‡g me©cÖ_g evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ PP©vq DrmvwnZ K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb G avivi
GKRb ivnevi| g~jZ: cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvnB me©cÖ_g Rvwgqv gv`vwbqv hvÎvevox
gvìvmvq Ges c‡i Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjevM gvìvmvq evsjv fvlvq cvV`vb Kvh©µg Pvjy K‡ib|
gvìvmvi e„nr A½‡b Pvjy K‡ib evsjv fvlv, evsjv fvlvq mvwnZ¨ gRwjm, e³…Zv cÖwkÿY gRwjm,
†`qvwjKv Ges evwl©K ¯§iwYKv cÖKvk BZ¨vw`| †mKv‡j KIgx A½‡b G KvR¸‡jv †hgb wQj AKíbxq,
†ZgwbB wQj AZ¨šÍ Kómva¨ I `yiƒn e¨vcvi| Zuvi evsjv fvlvq cvV`v‡bi welqwU wb`©qfv‡e mgv‡jvwPZ
nj KIgx avivi wewfbœ gn‡j| GgbwK ÔAvKvwe‡ii c_ †_‡K wePy¨wZÕ Awf‡hv‡M AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡jv|
wKš‘ gvIjvbv KvRx mv‡ne Zuvi wm×v‡šÍ Abo, K‡g© AwePj, Av‡cvlnxb †hv×v| Zvi cÖZ¨ÿ cÖqv‡m Ges
Zvi GK `j †hvM¨ I `ÿ Qv‡Îi cÖfv‡e AvR evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwm× cÖvq mKj KIgx gvìvmvq cvV`v‡bi
fvlv evsjv| G m‡ei wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q gvIjvbv KvRx gyÕZvwmg wejøvn Gi mygnvb Ae`vb; hv Zvui AvRxeb
msMÖv‡giB dmj|169
Zvi iPbvejx
K. Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖš’ : gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g †hgwb DuPz gv‡ci nv`xmwe`
•Zwi K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb MÖš’ iPbvqI Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ I Ab~w`Z MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ cÖwm×
K‡qKwU n‡”Q- 1. Zvbfxiæj wgkKvZ 5g I 6ô LÐ (Abyev`); 2. wKZveyj Av`ve; 3. Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z
Rb¥ wbqš¿Y; 4. •ewP‡Îï gv‡S H‡Kï myi; 1g I 2q LÐ|
L. m¤úv`bv : gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn (in.) BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì
m`m¨ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kv‡j wb‡¤œv³ MÖš’ivwRi m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb- 1. Avj KyiAvbyj Kvixg; 2. eyLvix
kixd (1g I 2q LÐ); 3. gymwjg kixd (1g I 2q LÐ); 4. Bgvg eyLvix in.-Gi Rxebx; 5. wiqv`ym
mv‡jnxb 2q LÐ; 6. ZvRix`ym wmnvn (ZvnvivZ); 7.gnvgbxlx Bgvg eyLvix cÖf…wZ|
169 cÖv¸³, c„. 120
416
M. wiwfD : gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn (in.) BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì m`m¨ wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk ‡hmKj MÖ‡š’i wiwfD K‡i‡Qb| †m¸‡jv n‡”QÑ 1. gymwjg kixd- W. gvIjvbv
gykZvK Avng` (Abyw`Z); 2. gyqvËv gynv¤§`- gvIjvbv g~mv (Ab~w`Z); 3. eyLvix kixd (Abyev`); 4.
gymwjg kixd 2q LÐ gvIjvbv †Lvi‡k` DÏxb (Ab~w`Z); 5. ZvRix‡` wmnvn-iæûj Avgxb (Ab~w`Z); 6.
gymwjg kixd 1g LÐ AvgRv` †nvmvBb- (Ab~w`Z) cÖf…wZ|170
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn `xN© 80 eQ‡ii eY©vX¨ Rxeb cvwo w`‡q G gnvb K…wZgvb
cyiæl 15 RyjvB 2013 mvj †ivR †mvgevi 6.45 wgwb‡U BdZvwii c~e© g~û‡Z© Bnavg Z¨vM K‡ib| 171
gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avngv` (in.) [1961-2015 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : mg‡qi g~j¨vq‡b AZzjbxq e¨w³Z¡, cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwe` gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avngv` (in.)
1961 mv‡j Pvu`cyi †Rjvi KPzqv _vbvi AšÍM©Z wLÇv MÖv‡gi nvRx evox‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv K¡vix
b~iæj nK I gvZv gymv¤§r ZvwqëvZzb wbmv|172
wkÿv Rxeb : ¯’vbxq wLÇv Rv‡g gmwR` msjMœ g³‡e †g․jfx wmivRyj nK I wcZv K¡vix b~iæj n‡Ki wbKU
wZwb KziAvb wkÿv mgvß K‡ib| GKB mv‡_ ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV ‡k‡l wZwb KPzqv cvBjU D”P
we`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q 6ô †kÖwYi cvV †kl K‡ib| AZtci KPzqv evBQviv `viæm mvjvg gvìvmvq Ges KPzqv
Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv wKQz w`b cov †jLv K‡ib| Zvici cwUqv Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqvq fwZ© n‡q wgkKvZ ch©šÍ
Aa¨qb ‡k‡l `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix‡Z fwZ© nb| GLvb †_‡K wZwb ch©vqµ‡g `vIiv‡q
nv`xm, BdZv, I Zvdmxi m¤úbœ K‡ib| `vIiv‡q nv`x‡m wZwb cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g nIqvi †m․fvM¨ AR©b
K‡ib| Zvic‡i wek¦L¨vZ Bmjvgx we`¨vcxV `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` wZwb wØZxq evi `vIiv‡q nv`xm m¤úbœ
K‡ib| wkÿv Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡iB wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| nvUnvRvix‡Z Zvi wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj AvwRR (in.), gydZx gvIjvbv Avngv`yj nK (in.), gvIjvbv Kvwmg (in.)
cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †Ìe‡›` Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ kvqL bvmxi Lvb, kvqL Avãyj nK AvRgx, kvqL
†bqvgZzjøvn AvRgx, mvC` Avng` cvjbcyix, gvngy`yj nvmvb Mv½ynx, kvqL KvgviæÏxb Avngv`, ûmvBb
Avngv` wenvixi (in.) bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 173
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡ZB evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg gvìvmv `viæj Dj~g eiæovq
cÖvq †ò eQi wkÿKZv Kivi ci Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqvi cÖwZôvKvj †_‡K gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| wU.GÛ.wU KovBj, ebvbx Rvwgqv gynv¤§w`qv gvìvmvq wØZxq gynvwÏm c‡` Ges cvkvcvwk
RvwgAv gynv¤§w`qv Avivweqvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| XvKvi RvwgAv Kvwmwgqvi wZwb
cÖwZôvZv cwiPvjK wQ‡jb| G Qvov wZwb A‡bK Øxwb I mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi gRwj‡m k~ivi m`m¨
wQ‡jb|174 cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wZwb mvejxj evsjvq nv`xm-KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Ki‡Zb| Zvi my`xN© 28
eQ‡ii Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b nv`xm cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx gynvwÏm m„wó K‡i‡Qb|
hviv †`‡ki wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| ZvB ejv hvq, nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`vb I MÖš’ iPbvi
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvui Ae`vb ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|
iPbvejx : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avngv` †hgwb GKRb we`» nv`xmwe` wQ‡jb, †Zgwb GKRb
wm×n¯Í †jLI e‡U| Zvi m¤úvw`Z, Ab~w`Z I iwPZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v GKkZ Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ wZwbÑ
170 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„. 571-575

171 gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv. BqvnBqv m¤úvw`Z, kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, XvKv: Rvwgqv
kviBq¨vn gvwjevM, 2017, c„. 58
172 gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡jK m¤úvw`Z, eÜb, 2002 mv‡ji dzhvjv ¯§viK, cÖv¸³, c„. 17
173 cÖv¸³
174 cÖv¸³, c„. 18
417
eyLvix, gymwjg, Avey `vD`, wZiwghxmn A‡bK KwVb I `y‡e©va¨ wKZv‡ei e¨vL¨v MÖš’, e½vbyev` Ges m¦Zš¿
MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G QvovI Zvui i‡q‡Q m„Rbkxj I cvVK bw›`Z Av‡jvob m„wóKvix †ek wKQz Bmjvgx
mvwnZ¨| Zvi iwPZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© K‡qKwU nv`x‡mi Abyev`g~jK MÖš’ n‡”Q- 1. bvmiæj evix (evsjv); 2. Ry`yj
gybCg; 3. AvIbyj Iqv`y` (evsjv); 4. ì‡m wZiwghx (evsjv 1-5 LÐ); 5. BbAvgyj evix ki‡n eyLvix; 6.
Avnmvbyj dvZvIqv (evsjv); 7. ì‡m ki‡n AvKvB` (1g I 2q) cÖf…wZ|
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv †bvgvb Avngv` (in.) eû w`b †_‡K wjfvi wm‡ivwm‡m AvµvšÍ wQ‡jb| Ae‡k‡l 2015
mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei †ivR e„n¯úwZevi bk¦i RMr †Q‡o P‡j hvb gnvb i‡ei mvwbœ‡a¨| Zvi KxwZ© I Ae`vb
wPiw`b ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|175
gydZx gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv nvwg`x (in.) [1939-2016 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gydZx gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv nvwg`x 1 gvP© 1939 mv‡j Kzwgjøv †Rjv bv½j‡KvU _vbvaxb
PvwiRvwbqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg Avãyj nvwg` gRyg`vi| wZwb Rbmgv‡R Ônvwg`x ûRyiÕ
bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv nvwg`x Zvi wbR MÖv‡gB cÖv_wgK wkÿv m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb e¨vsMWv
Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³ gvìvmv n‡Z †Rjv †ev‡W© Rv‡gqv cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M Z…Zxq
¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| 1949 mv‡j wZwb `vwLj cvm K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avwjqv †_‡K wZwb
1951 mv‡j Avwjg, 1953 mv‡j dvwhj (12Zg) I 1955 mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq †gavZvwjKv
AR©bmn K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ mKj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| Zuvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvb wbqvR
gvL`~g †LvZvbx (in.) mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨|176
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv gy¯Ídv nvwg`x 1955 mvj †_‡K 1957 mvj ch©šÍ gynvwÏm c‡`
cv½vwkqv gvìvmvq `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1957 mvj †_‡K 1959 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` †g․Kiv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| Gici wZwb 1959 mv‡j MvRxgyov Avwjqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb 1972 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1972 mvj †_‡K 1978 mvj
ch©šÍ cjvkevwo Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aa¨ÿ c‡` `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1978 mvj †_‡K 1980 mvj ch©šÍ
Dcva¨ÿ c‡` MvRxgyov Avwjqv gvìvmvq wb‡qvwRZ _v‡Kb| AZtci 1980 mv‡j Aa¨ÿ c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf
K‡ib Ges 1984 mvj ch©šÍ GKB c‡` envj _v‡Kb| cieZx©‡Z 1985 mvj †_‡K 1989 mvj ch©šÍ QviQxbv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` Avmxb n‡q mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cvV`vb K‡ib| 1989
mv‡j Dcva¨ÿ c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib Ges 1996 mvj ch©šÍ Dcva¨ÿ c‡` wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| 1996 mv‡j
gvIjvbv nvwg`x Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| Zvici wZwb 2003 mvj ch©šÍ D³ cÖwZôv‡bi AwZwi³ gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
mnxn eyLvixi `vim w`‡Zb Ges cvkvcvwk QviQxbvi cxi mv‡n‡ei mdim½x wn‡m‡e Øxwb `vIqv‡Zi Kv‡R
gk¸j _vK‡Zb|177 Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv •Zqëyi ingvb, gvIjvbv jyrdi ingvb, gvIjvbv Avey
Rvdi gynv¤§` mv‡jn, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyg gywbi I gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd †kL cÖgyLmn †`k Ry‡o
AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx gynvwÏm •Zwi‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb| wZwb nv`x‡mi `vim `v‡bi cvkvcvwk evsjv
fvlvq K‡qKwU †g․wjK I Abyev`g~jK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib, Zb¥‡a¨ 1. dvZIqv‡q `viæ”QzbœvZ 1g I 2q LÐ; 2.
wgjv`-wKqv‡gi AKvU¨ `jxj; 3. LvwRbvZzj Avmivi; 4. gvIqv‡q‡R mv‡jnxb cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
BwšÍKvj : gydZx gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv nvwg`x (in.) 27 †m‡Þ¤î 2016 mv‡j 87 eQi eq‡m AmsL¨ f³,
gynvwÏm, gydwZ, Avwjg-Ijvgv‡ì †i‡L c„w_ex †_‡K wPi we`vq MÖnY K‡ib|178
175 cÖv¸³, c„. 19

176 gydZx gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv nvgx`x, gydZx gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gy¯Ídv nvgx`xi mswÿß Rxebx (AcÖKvwkZ), c„. 2-5
177 gynv¤§` Djøvn I Ab¨vb¨, Bgvg eyLvix †_‡K Avgv‡ì ch©šÍ mb‡ì ivex‡ì cwiPq, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012, Kvwgj †kl ce©, `viæbœvRvZ
wmwÏwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, XvKv: `viæbœvRvZ cÖKvkbx, 2012 wLª., c„. 67-68
178 gynv¤§` KvImvi web Avãyj Mwb m¤úvw`Z, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012(Kvwgj nv`xm), cÖv¸³, c„. 67-68
418
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` •Z‡qëyi ingvb (in.) [1970-2016 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` •Z‡qëyi ingvb 1 gvP© 1970 mv‡j SvjKvwV †Rjvi
KvVvwjqv _vbvaxb c~e© wQUKx MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` kwd DwÏb nvIjv`vi| wZwb QviQxbv gn‡j ÔKvVvwjqvi ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Zvi
k¦ïi wQ‡jb QviQxbv Avjxqv gvìvmvi L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm gvIjvbv m~dx Avãyi ikx` (in.)|179
wkÿv Rxeb : evj¨Kvj †_‡KB Áv‡bi cÖwZ Zvi cÖej AvMÖn wQj| wZwb ¯’vbxq DËi ZvjMvwQqv wmwbqi
dvwhj gvìvmv †_‡K 1981 mv‡j `vwLj, 1983 mv‡j Avwjg I 1985 mv‡j dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z K…wZ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ cÖ_g wefv‡M K…ZKvh© nb| AZtci 1987 mv‡j wZwb QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K
Kvwgj nv`xm wefvM †_‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cvm K‡ib| Zuvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyi
ie Luvb, gvIjvbv AvgRv` ûmvBb Ges gvIjvbv gydZx gy¯Ídv nvwg`xi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|180
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb Kvwgj cvm Kivi ci 1988 mv‡j †gvojMÄ AvgZjx Kvwgj
gvìvmvq Pvi gvm nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1989 mv‡ji †deªæqvix gv‡m wZwb QviQxbv
`viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gv`vimvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e cvV`vb ïiæ K‡ib| cÖvq 9 eQi GKvav‡i QviQxbv gvìvmvq
nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1998 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m gVevwoqvi GKwU gvìvmvq ‡hvM`vb
K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb Pvi eQi nv`xm‡i `vim cÖ`vb I cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci 2001 mv‡j
QviQxbv gvìvmvq †nW gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 2008 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î ch©šÍ G c‡` mnxn
eyLvixmn Ab¨b¨ nv`xm MÖš’ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| Zvici 2010 mv‡ji GwcÖj gv‡m DËi ZvjMvwQqv †bQvwiqv
dvwhj gvìvmvq Aa¨ÿ c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb D³ c‡` AvgiY (2016 mvj ch©šÍ) envj wQ‡jb|181
Zuvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ eZ©gvb QviQxbv gvìvmvi †nW gynvwÏm gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmivRyg gywbi, W. gynv¤§`
ZvRyj Bmjvg, Aa¨vcK, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe| gvIjvbv mg‡ki Avjx, gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd †kL, W.
gvIjvbv †gvi‡k` Avjg, gvIjvbv kvnRvjvj, gvIjvbv Avhv` ûmvBb, gvIjvbv eìæ¾vgvb wiqv`,
gvIjvbv Dmgvb MwY, gvIjvbv gvneyeyi ingvb cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb mvejxj evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g `xN© 28 eQ‡ii cÖ‡Póvq AmsL¨ nv`xmwe` m„wó‡Z Abb¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i gnvb mvaK, Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j bÿÎ, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
•Z‡qëyi ingvb 16 †deªæqvix 2016 mv‡j BwšÍKvj K‡ib|182
W. †Lv›`Kvi Av.b.g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi (in.) [1958-2016 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : cÖw_Zhkv wkÿvwe` cÖ‡dmi W. †Lv›`Kvi Av.b.g Avãyjøvn Rvnv½xi wSbvB`vn †Rjvi
†avcNvU¯’ †Mvwe›`cyi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 1958 gZvšÍ‡i 1961 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvix Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv Rbve †Lv›`Kvi Av‡bvqviæ¾vgvb I gvZv †eMg jyrdybœvnv‡ii †¯œn-ggZvq †e‡o I‡Vb G
wkÿvwe`|183
wkÿvRxeb : evjK Rvnv½xi ¯’vbxq we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv MÖn‡Yi c‡i wSbvB`vn Avwjqv gvìvmv
n‡Z 1973 mv‡j `vwLj, 1975 mv‡j Avwjg I 1977 mv‡j dvwhj ‡kÖwY‡Z K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb|
AZtci 1979 mv‡j XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj nv`xm wefv‡M cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Aóg ¯’vb AwaKvi
K‡ib| Zvci wZwb †m․w` Avi‡ei wiqv`¯’ Bgvg gynv¤§` web mvD` Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1986,
1992 I 1998 mv‡j h_vµ‡g ¯œvZK, ¯œvZ‡KvËi I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| †`k I we‡`‡k †h mKj
179 •`wbK BbwKjve, cÖv¸³, 17 †deªæqvwi, 2016wLª. c„. 5

180 gynv¤§` KvImvi web Avãyj Mwb m¤úvw`Z, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012 (Kvwgj nv`xm), cÖv¸³, c„. 71
181 cÖv¸³
182 cÖv¸³ ; •`wbK BbwKjve, cÖv¸³, 17 †deªæqvwi, 2016wLª. c„. 5
183 wghvb nviæb, wiRvjyb QbvDZ ZvwiL Iqv L`vgyj Bmjvgv Iqvj Bjg wd evsMvjv‡`k, XvKv: `viæj evqvb, 2018wLª, c„. 579
419
cÖwm× Avwj‡gi Kv‡Q wZwb ÁvbvR©b I mvnPh© MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb LZxe gvIjvbv IevB`yj
nK (in.), gvIjvbv wgqv †gvnv¤§` Kvwmgx (in.), gvIjvbv Av‡bvqviæj nK Kvwmgx (in), gvIjvbv Avãyj
evix wm‡jUx (in.), gvIjvbv W. AvBDe Avjx (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi inxg (in.) cÖgyL, Aciw`‡K †m․w`
Avi‡ei kvqL Avãyjøvn Beb Avãyj Avhxh Beb evh (in.), Avãyjøvn Beb Avãyi ingvb Avj-Rxeixb
(in.), gynv¤§` Beb mvwjn Beb gynv¤§v` Avj-DmvBgxb (in.), kvqL mvwjn Beb Avãyj Avhxh Avj-
kvqL, kvqL mvwjn Beb dvIhvb Beb Avãyjøvn Avj dvIhvb, cÖgyL|184
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : †`‡k wd‡i wZwb 1998 mv‡j Kzwóqv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡q nv`xm wefv‡M
cÖfvlK c‡` ‡hvM`vb K‡ib| ch©vqµ‡g wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ avc †cwi‡q 2009 mv‡j wZwb D³
wefv‡M Aa¨vcK c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib Ges Avg„Zz¨ wZwb D³ c‡` Aa¨vcvbv iZ wQ‡jb| G QvovI
XvKvi `viæm mvjvg gvìvmvq LÐKvjxb kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxûj eyLvixi cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| Aa¨vcbv
I M‡elYv K‡g©i cvkvcvwk wZwb wewfbœ wkÿv cÖwZôvb I †mevg~jK cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡i nv`xm wkÿv`vb I
cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i Ae`vb ‡i‡L‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ •bwZKZv I ag©xq g~j¨‡ev‡ai mv‡_ AvaywbK wkÿvi mgš^‡qi j‡ÿ¨
1998 mv‡j wZwb ÔAvj dviæK GKv‡WgxÕ cÖwZôv K‡ib| weï× Bmjvgx Ávb I g~j¨‡eva cÖPvi I gvbe
†mevi D‡Ï‡k¨ 2011 mv‡j ÔAvm-mybœvn Uªv÷Õ cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges 2012 mv‡j Education and Charity
Foundation Jhenaidah bv‡g GKwU wkÿv I mgvR‡mev ms¯’v cÖwZôv K‡ib| †`k-we‡`‡k wewfbœ
cÎcwÎKvq evsjv, Bs‡iRx I Aviex fvlvq Zuvi cÖvq Aa©kZ cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cÖKvwkZ
M‡elYvg~jK MÖ‡š’i msL¨v wÎ‡ki AwaK| Zb¥‡a¨ Zuvi iwPZ nv`xm welqK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU MÖš’ n‡”Q,
1. iv‡n †ejvqvZ: ivm~jyjøvn mv. Gi whwKi I Ihxdv; 2.nv`x‡mi bv‡g RvwjqvwZ: cÖPwjZ wg_¨v nv`xm I
wfwËnxb K_v; 3.LyZevZzj Bmjvg: Rygyqvi LyZev I mgKvjxb cÖm½; 4.Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) iwPZ
Avj-wdKûj AvKei: Abyev` I e¨vL¨v; 5. mnxn gvmbyb Ihxdv; 6. gymbv` Avngv` (Bgvg Avng` Gi
nv`xm msKjb) e½vbyev`; 7. wdKûm mybvwb Iqvj Avmvi (gydwZ Avgxgyj Bnmvb iwPZ nv`xm wfwËK
wdKn MÖš’) Gi e½vbyev` BZ¨vw`|185
BwšÍKvj : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i L¨vwZgvb Aa¨vcK, gymwjg D¤§vn ì`x `vC, m`v nv‡m¨v¾¡j G gbxlx 2016
mv‡ji 11 †g gg©vwšÍK GK moK `yN©Ubvq gnvb i‡ei Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q G c„w_ex †Q‡o P‡j hvb|186
gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv (in.) [1954-2017 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiPq : gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv 1954 mv‡ji 5 †deªæqvix †gv‡gbkvnx †Rjvaxb
ZvivKv›`v _vbvi gvwjWv½v MÖv‡gi div‡qRx es‡ki GK HwZnëvnx Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
wcZv gvIjvbv wgqv ûmvBb wQ‡jb GKRb we`» Avwj‡g Øxb; whwb Rvwgqv gv`vbxqv hvÎvevwoi gynvwÏm I
Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv Picvov †gv‡gbkvnxi gynZvwgg wQ‡jb|187
wkÿv Rxeb : wZwb cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j I ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wkÿvMÖnY †k‡l 1965 †gv‡gbkvnx
Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wKQz w`b ci KzwZKziv Kiæqvcvov D”Pwe`¨vj‡q fwZ© n‡q `kg †kªYx
ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| Gici cybivq D³ gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q ki‡n Rvgx ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| 1979
mv‡j Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev` gvìvmvq (ki‡n †eKvqvq) fwZ© n‡q †evW© cixÿvq cÖ_g
wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| c‡ii eQi †gv‡gbkvnx Avkivdzj Dj~g gvìvmvq RvjvjvBb; AZtci
PÆMÖv‡gi Avj-Rvwgqv cwUqv‡Z wgkKvZ Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1982 mv‡j wZwb gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn
gvìvmv n‡Z `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi †evW© cixÿvq 4_© ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| D‡jøL¨ †h, wZwb dwi`vev` gvìvmvq
184 we.`ª.: wghvb nviæb, cÖv¸³, c„. 579-90

185 cÖv¸³
186 gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, XvKv: UªÝKg MÖæc, 21 †g 2016wLª.
187 gvIjvbv dLiæj Bmjvg, ÔgvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqvn (in.): †cÖv¾¡j GK cÖwZfvÕ gvwmK AvjKvDmvi, cÖv¸³,
msL¨v-7, el©-13, AvM÷ 2017wLª.
420
Aa¨qb Kv‡j AbymwÜ”Qy ü`‡q wb‡R‡K evi evi GKwU cÖkœ Ki‡Zb †h, KIgx RM‡Z evsjv fvlvi PP©v †bB
†Kb? Zvi Mfxi Dcjwã †_‡K KwZcq mggbv eÜz‡ì wb‡q ÒQvÎHK¨Ó MVb K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKRb gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x (in.), W. gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`, gvIjvbv Avey mywdqvb,
gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb ieŸvbx I gydZx Avãyi ivhhvK Avj ûmvBbmn cÖwZfvai A‡bK wkÿv_x©| hv‡ì
mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq dwi`vev` gvìvmvq evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©v ïiæ nq; cieZ©x‡Z G QvÎH‡Kï wbijm
cÖ‡Póvq mviv‡`‡ki KIgx A½‡b evsjv fvlv I mvwnZ¨ PP©vi `¦vi Db¥y³ nq|188
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv BqvnBqv 1984 mv‡j wm‡jU †Rjvi MvQevwo¯’ AvKzbx
gvhvwniæj Dj~g gvìvmvq mnxn gymwjg cvV`v‡bi ga¨w`‡q Kg© Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| †hvM`v‡bi GK eQi ci
wZwb gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviCqv‡Z gynvwÏm c‡` wbhy³ nb| wZwb Z_vq mnxn gymwj‡gi cvV`vb Ki‡Zb|
Zvi nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`v‡bi mybvg Pvwiw`‡K Qwo‡q c‡o| wZwb Bjwg nv`xm QvovI Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV`vb
K‡ib| Gi cvkvcvwk wkÿv_x©‡ì cÖwZfvi weKv‡ki Rb¨ evsjv mvwnZ¨, BwZnvm-HwZn¨, Bmjvgx A_©bxwZ
I ivRbxwZmn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q cÖwkÿY w`‡Zb| G‡Z QvÎ‡ì gv‡S e¨vcK RvMiY m„wó nq| G Qvov 2015
mvj †_‡K Rvwgqv Avivweqv bZzbev‡M wZwb mnxn eyLvix `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W©i
mnKvix mwP‡ei `vwqZ¡ wZwb myPviæiƒ‡ci cvjb K‡ib|189
Zvi mvwnZ¨Kg© : wZwb RvZxq Rxe‡b Bmjvgx fveavivq evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K mg„× Kivi j‡ÿ¨ ÔAvj-Avgxb
wimvP© GKv‡Wgx evsjv‡`kÕ bv‡g GKwU M‡elYv cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡jb| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb hy‡Mvc‡hvMx I
wbf©‡hvM¨ M‡elYvg~jK MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib| †hgb: 1. Dm~jyj nv`xm welqK MÖš’ Ônv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZÕ;
2. Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi AvaywbK iƒcvqb; 3. AvaywbK ivóªweÁvb I Bmjvg; 4. `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›`: BwZnvm
HwZn¨ Ae`vb; 5. Bmjvgx AvBb I wePvieë¯’v; 6. mªóv I Zvi ¯îƒc mÜv‡b; 7. Bmjvg I mgvReë¯’v
BZ¨vw` MÖš’ivwR Zvi Agi K…wZ|190
BwšÍKvj : Ávb mvaK, KIgx RM‡Z gvZ…fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi Ab¨Zg ¯^cœ`óª v I AMÖ‡mbvbx, cÖvÁ gvIjvbv
Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv (in.) 2017 mv‡ji 20 †g gnv gwnqv‡bi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q mK‡ji †Pv‡Li
AšÍiv‡j P‡j hvb|191
gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi (in.) [1928-2017 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiPq : cÖwZ_hkv gynvwÏm gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmvi PÆMÖvg †Rjvi m›`¦xc Dc‡Rjvaxb gymvcyi
MÖv‡g 1930 mv‡j m›Øx‡ci cÖwm× Kvqmvi es‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| •cwÎK evwo eZ©gv‡b mvMiM‡f© wejxb
n‡q‡M‡Q| Zuvi wcZv gyÝx gwZDi ingvb Ges gvZv ‡RvevB`v LvZz‡bi AvU mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb 6ô Zg|
Kw_Z Av‡Q, Avie eëmvqxiv wmsnj, fviZ, evg©v n‡q my`~i Pxb ch©šÍ evwYR¨ KiZ| Zv‡ì †KD †KD
m›Øx‡c ¯’vqx emZx ¯’vcb K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ GKRb wewkó eëmvqxi bvg Kvqmvi| Zvi bvgvbymv‡i Kvqmvi
es‡ki cwiwPwZ cÖwZwôZ nq|
wkÿv Rxeb : wZwb ¯’vbxq ‡g․jex eRjyi ingv‡bi Kv‡Q cÖv_wgK wkÿv jvf K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z m›`¦x‡ci
wRqvDj Dj~g wmwbqi gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q Avwjg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K
1948 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Avwjg (Rvgv‡Z myqvg) cvm K‡ib| AZci D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ †`‡ki mxgvbv
†cwi‡q fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| Z_vq cuvP eQi covïbv ‡k‡l 1953 mv‡j `vIiv nv`xm
wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
188 gydwZ gynv¤§` •Z‡që †nvmvBb I Ab¨vb¨, Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqv (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, XvKv: Avjøvgv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§`
BqvnBqv (in.) dvD‡Ûkb, 2019 wLª., c„.456-457
189 gvIjvbv dLiæj Bmjvg, ÔgvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§` BqvnBqvn (in.): †cÖv¾¡j GK cÖwZfvÕ gvwmK AvjKvDmvi, cÖv¸³,
msL¨v-7, el©-13, AvM÷ 2017wLª.
190 gydwZ gynv¤§` •Z‡që †nvmvBb I Ab¨vb¨, cÖv¸³, c„.458
191 cÖv¸³
421
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ wZwb jv‡nv‡ii kvn Avjg evRvi¯’ ZvRex`yj
KziAvb gvìvmvq 1954-1956 mvj ch©šÍ wkÿKZv K‡ib| c‡i m›`¦x‡c wd‡i KvRxiwLj gvìvmvq †nW
gvIjvbv c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zvici 1957 mv‡j jÿ¥xcyi †Rjv¯’ ivqcyi Avwjqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| 1984 mv‡j AÎ gv`&ivmvq Dcva¨ÿ c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb Kvwgj Rvgv‡Z
eyLvix, gymwjg I wZiwghx kixd cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| Zuvi AmsL¨ QvÎ nv`x‡mi wL`g‡Z wewfbœ gvìvmvq Kg©iZ
i‡q‡Qb| D³ gvìvmvi eZ©gvb Aa¨ÿ Avey Qv‡jn gynv¤§` Avãyj gyKZvwìI Zuvi QvÎ| kvqLyj nv`xm I
MÖš’ cÖ‡YZv wn‡m‡e †hgb wZwb mgv`„Z wQ‡jb †Zgwb GKRb mye³v wn‡m‡eI mviv‡`‡k Zvi e¨vcK cwiwPwZ
wQ‡jv| wZwb 1994 mv‡j D³ gv`&ivmvi Dcva¨ÿ c‡` `vwqZ¡iZ Ae¯’vq Aemi MÖnY K‡ib|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv Kvqmvi cVb-cvVb I Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk †jL‡jwL‡ZI AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi cwiPq
w`‡q‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ ‡ek K‡qKwU †g․wjK I Abyev`g~jK cy¯ÍK cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨
nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK †ek K‡qKwU MÖš’ i‡q‡Q| Zvi Ab~w`Z I iwPZ MÖš’ivwRi g‡a¨ 1) wgkKvZ kix‡di
Abyev` (7g †_‡K 11k LÐ); Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv| G Qvov 2) AvaywbK cÖKvkbx †_‡K mnxn Avj-
eyLvix (3qI 6ô LÐ); 3) evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, KvUveb, XvKv †_‡K mnxn gymwj‡gi gyKvÏvgv
(Abyev`); 4) AvmgvDi wiRvj (†g․wjK); Gg`v`xqv jvB‡eªwi, XvKv| 5) gxhvbyj AvLevi (Abyev`);
Avkvivwdqv jvB‡eªix, †P․gynbx| 6) mnxn gymwjg (m¤ú~Y© Abyev`); evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, XvKv| 7)
KziAvb nv`x‡mi Av‡jv‡K Bmjvgx Av`k©ev`; 8) ¯^vgx-¯¿xi AwaKvi; 9) Rb¥ wbqš¿Y I Bmjvg 10) LyrevZzj
AvnKvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
BwšÍKvj : G gnvb kvqLyj nv`xm evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L 2017 mv‡j gnvb i‡ei
Wv‡K mvov w`‡q G c„w_exi gvqv †Q‡o AvwLiv‡Zi c‡_ cvwo Rgvb|192
gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx (in.) [1940-2019]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx 1 gvP© 1940 mv‡j Kzwgjøv mì `wÿY Dc‡Rjvaxb ivgP›`ªcyi
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Rbve gywdRyÏxb wQ‡jb GjvKvi m¤§vwbZ
me©Rb kÖ‡×q e¨w³Z¡|
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©‡bi ci wZwb gvhv‡n‡i Dj~g hkcyi gvìvmvq wKQz
w`b cov‡jLv K‡ib| Zvic‡i wZwb Kzwgjøvi HwZnëvnx Kvwmgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq kin Rvwg †kl K‡ib
Ges eo KvUviv gvìvmvq cuvP eQi Aa¨qb K‡i `vIiv‡q nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi
Rvwgqv Avkvivwdqv jv‡nv‡i fwZ© nb| `yB eQi Aa¨qb †k‡l nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D”PZi mb` wb‡q †`‡k
cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ ZvmvIDd kv¯¿ Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx (in.) QvÎ
Rxe‡bB nvwKgyj D¤§v‡Zi wewkó Lwjdv gvIjvbv im~j Lv‡bi (cvwK¯Ívb) nv‡Z evqvZ MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zvi
†_‡K †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib| Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci nvwKgyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv K¡vix •Z‡që (in.) Gi mv‡_
AvZ¥ïw×i m¤úK© M‡ob| Zvi BwšÍKv‡ji ci cvwK¯Ív‡bi nvKxg gynv¤§` AvLZvi (in.) Gi nv‡Z evqvZ
†bb Ges †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib| †kl Rxe‡b wZwb nvUnvRvixi gvIjvbv Avng` kwd (in.) mv‡_ Ava¨vwZ¥K
m¤úK© ivL‡Zb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb †`‡k wd‡i wK‡kviM‡Äi Rvwgqv Bg`vw`qvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e mnxn
gymwjg Aa¨vcbvi ga¨w`‡q Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| GLv‡b Zvi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib gywnDm mybœvn gvIjvbv
gvngy`yj nvmvb Ges gvIjvbv Avhnvi Avjx Av‡bvqvi kvnmn †`‡ki eû L¨vwZgvb Avwjg| wK‡kviM‡Ä bq
eQi `vim cÖ`v‡bi ci wZwb ivRavbxi dwi`vev‡` AvU eQi mybvb wZiwghx Ges eoKvUviv gvìvmvq
wKQzw`b nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡ib| c‡i wZwb ¯’vbxq Avwjg‡ì Aby‡iv‡a wbR GjvKvi Kvwmgyj Dj~g
192 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK KZ…©K 4-6-2020 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv AvdjvZzb Kvqmv‡ii †Q‡j Aa¨vcK gvneye Kvqmvi (mgvRweÁvb wefvM,
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj) Gi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
422
gvìvmv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| Avg„Zy¨ (35eQi) wZwb GB gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e
eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cvV`vb I gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn
BwšÍKv‡ji c‡i wZwb 2013 mv‡j Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvìvmvi gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY
K‡ib| G QvovI wZwb †gvnv¤§` cy‡ii Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv, Rvwgqv Avivweq¨v jvjgvwUqv, `viæj Dj~g
wgicyi-6 I gqgbwms‡ni Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqvmn †`k‡miv eû gvìvmvq eyLvix kix‡di `vim cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki gwniæn Avwjg; †edvKzj gv`vwi‡mi wmwbqi mn-mfvcwZ, nvBAvZzj
Dwjqvi †Kv-†Pqvig¨vb, eû gvìvmvi c„ô‡cvlK Ges kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb|
BwšÍKvj : we`» kvqLyj nv`xm I Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j bÿÎ gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx (in.) 2020
mv‡ji 31 wW‡m¤î BwšÍKvj K‡ib| gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kdx (in.) Zvi Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib|193
gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kdx (in.) [1930-2020 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiPq : 1920 mv‡j evi AvDwjqvi cyY¨f~wg PÆMÖvg †Rjvi AšÍM©Z iv½ywbqv _vbvaxb cvwLqviwUjv
MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx Øxbx cwiev‡i gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kdx (in.) Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv eiKZ
Avjx Ges gvZv gymv¤§vZ †g‡niæ‡bœQv †eMg|194
wkÿv Rxeb : kvn Avngv` kdx •kk‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ iv½ywbqvi midfvUv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|
cÖLi GB †gavex evjK Aí mg‡qB KziAvb Kvixgmn cÖv_wgK wKZvevw` mgvß K‡ib| Gici wZwb Avj
RvwgqvZzj Avivweqv Avj Bmjvwgqv wRwi gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b Qq gvm Aa¨q‡bi ci e„wUk-
Rvg©vwbi iY`vgvgv †e‡R D‡V| ZLb Zvi eqm gvÎ `k eQi| B‡Zvg‡a¨B wZwb Zvi gv-evev‡K nvwi‡q
wPiw`‡bi Rb¨ BqvwZgZ¡ eiY K‡ib| AZtci 1930 mv‡j wZwb nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q `xN© `k
eQi GKvMÖZvi mv‡_ Bjg AR©b K‡ib| Zuvi wkÿvRxe‡bi cÖwZwU evu‡K euv‡K i‡q‡Q Awe¯§iYxq me
NUbv| `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq wgkKvZ, RvjvjvBb, KvRx gyeviK cÖf…wZ wKZve
Aa¨qb †k‡l nv`xm I Zvdmxi kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wkÿvi Rb¨ 1941 mv‡j wZwb `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` fwZ©
nb| †mLv‡b `vIiv‡q nv`xm, `vIiv‡q Zvdmxi I dzbybv‡Z Avwjqv wefv‡M K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb|
`viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` Zvi cÖwm× wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ wek¦e‡iY¨ gynvwÏm, Bs‡iR ZvovI Av‡›`vj‡bi
AMÖ‡mbvbx gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) Ab¨Zg| wZwb gv`vbx (in.) Gi Kv‡Q eyLvix kix‡di
`vim MÖnY K‡ib| gvIjvbv GRvh Avjx, gvIjvbv Beivnxg evwjqvfx, gvIjvbv dLiæj nvmvb, gvIjvbv
gyeviK, gvIjvbv Rvwniæj nvmvb I gvIjvbv Rwjj Avng` (in.) †_‡K h_vµ‡g wZiwgRx I Avey `vD`;
gymwjg Ges dzbybv‡Z Avwjqv; bvmvC; Z¡nvex; gyqvËv gynv¤§`; gyqvËv gv‡jK wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|195 †Ìe‡›`
QvÎve¯’vqB wZwb ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.) Gi nv‡Z evBqvZ nb Ges wLjvdZ jvf K‡i †`‡k wd‡ib|
GB Ava¨vwZ¥K e¨w³Z¡ wbR Kg©gq Rxe‡bi nvRv‡iv e¨¯ÍZv g‡aÏ M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb mg„× Ava¨vwZ¥K RMr| †h
RM‡Z Zuvi mv‡_ hy³ i‡q‡Q ZuviB my‡hvM¨ cuvP kZvwaK Lwjdv I AmsL¨ f³-gywi` I Abyi³|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1946 mv‡j ‡`‡k wd‡i wZwb wbR evwo‡Z bv wM‡q mivmwi nvUnvRvix
gvìvmvq Dcw¯’Z nb Ges Z_vq wkÿK c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| Aí mg‡qB Zuvi wkÿKZvi myL¨vwZ mviv
†`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| 1986 mv‡j wZwb gnvcwiPvjK I cieZx©‡Z kvqLyj nv`x‡mi c‡` wbhy³ n‡q eyLvixmn
Ab¨b¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb K‡ib| 2008 mv‡j wZwb KIgx gvìvmv †ev‡W©i (‡edvK) †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ
nb| 2010 mv‡ji 19 Rvbyqvwi PÆMÖv‡gi cÖvq GKkZwU KIgx gvìvmvi wkÿK‡ì wb‡q MwVZ nq
†ndvR‡Z Bmjvg| 5 †g, 2013 mv‡j †ndvR‡Z Bmjvg mviv †`k †_‡K XvKv Awfgy‡L js gvP© K‡i Ges
193 mvÿvrKvi: Z`xq cyÎ gydwZ ïqvBe Avng‡ì mvÿvrKv‡ii ‡_‡K M„nxZ Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z wjwLZ; IwjDi ingvb,
Islamitimes24.com, 3 Rvbyqvix, 2020wLª.
194 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v`, XvKv: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev`,2019, c„. 15
195 cÖv¸³
423
XvKvi gwZwSj kvcjv PË¡‡i cÖ_g mgv‡ek K‡i| Zvi `vexi cÖwZ m¤§vb Ávcb K‡i evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii
gvbbxq cÖavbgš¿x 2018 mv‡ji 19 †m‡Þ¤î KIgx gvìvmvi `vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi mb` cÖ`vb AvBb RvZxq
msm‡` cvm K‡ib| 196 Zv‡Z KIgx gvìvmvi wkÿvi fwel¨Z D¾¡j nq| GB ¯^xK…wZ AR©b KIgx
gvìvmvi BwZnv‡m GK be w`MšÍ D‡b¥vPb K‡i| G gnvb kvqLyj nv`xm my`xN© 74 eQ‡ii Kg©Rxe‡b eyLvix
kixdmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ D`yw© gwkÖZ evsjvq cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| Zvi gva¨‡g m„wó n‡q‡Q evsjvfvlx AMwYZ
nv`xmwekvi`; hv‡ì ci¤úivq evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq GK bZzb gvÎv hy³ n‡q‡Q|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kdx (in.) cvV`v‡bi cvkvcvwk †jLv‡jwL‡ZI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb| wZwb evsjvq 13wU Ges D`~©‡Z 9wU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨ mnxn eyLvixi e¨vL¨v MÖš’ dqhyj
Rvix kin mnxwnj eyLvix, kin wgkKvZ, Avj-Lvqiæj Kvmxi dx Dm~wjZ Zvdmxi, Bmjvgx A_©eë¯’v,
Bmjvg I ivRbxwZ, Bmg‡Z Avw¤^qv cÖf„wZ; hv cvVK I we‡klÁ gn‡j wecyjfv‡e mvg`„Z n‡q‡Q|197
BwšÍKvj : we`» kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv kvn Avngv` kdx (in.) 2020 mv‡ji 18 †m‡Þ¤î AmsL¨ f³-
gyix`, gynvwÏm, gydvmwmi, gydZx‡K †kvKmvM‡i fvwm‡q ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|198
gvIjvbv Avãyj gywgb (in.) [1931-2020 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Ave`yj gywgb 1931 mv‡j nweMÄ †Rjvi bexMÄ Dc‡Rjvi cyivbvMvuI MÖv‡g GK
m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| whwb ÔBgvg ûRyiÕ bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Zvi wcZv †gvt
Avãym mvËvi Ges gvZv ¸jevnvi †eMg; Zviv DfqB Avjøvnf³ gvbyl wQ‡jb|199
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq gKZe †_‡K Zvi evj¨wkÿvi m~Pbv nq| wkeMÄ cÖvBgvix ¯‥z‡j cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cvV
mgvcbv‡šÍ wZwb ZrKvjxb Bgvgevox Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv Avivweqvq bvûgxi ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| cieZx©
wKQzw`b we-evwoqv Rv‡gqv BDbywmqvq Ges ivqai gvìvmvq Aa¨qb K‡i cybivq Bgvgevwo wd‡i G‡m ki‡n
Rvgx ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q GKvav‡i cÖvq Qq
eQi †jLvcov K‡i 1956 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvm K‡ib| Z_vq Zvi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ kvqLyj Bmjvg gvIjvbv ûmvBb Avng` gv`vbx (in.), gvIjvbv Beivnxg evwjqvfx (in.),
gvIjvbv AvLZvi nvmvb eyj›` knix (in.) I gvIjvbv gvngy` nvmvb wenvix (in.) cÖgyL Ab¨Zg| AZtci
wZwb kwiq‡Zi Áv‡bi cvkvcvwk ZvmvD‡di ÁvbvR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ AvIjv‡` ivm~j mvB‡q¨` †nvmvBb Avng`
gv`vbx (in.) Gi Kv‡Q evBqvZ MÖnY K‡ib Ges `xN© GK eQi Zvi ms¯ú‡k© Ae¯’vb K‡i AvZ¥ïw×i mvabvq
wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K 1957 mv‡j igRvb gv‡m BÔwZKvdiZ Ae¯’vq †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib| 200
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i wZwb 1957 mv‡j Bgvgevwo gvìvmvq gynvwÏm
wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡i 1965 mv‡j ch©šÍ cÖvq AvU eQi nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| cieZx© nweM‡Äi
evwjaviv gvìvmvq GK eQi, D‡g`bMi `viæj nv`xm gvìvmvq `yB eQi Ges wek¦bv_ Rv‡gqv gv`vwbqv
gvìvmvq `yB eQi kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` †_‡K eyLvix kixd cvV`vb K‡ib| cieZx© Rv‡gqv gv`vwbqv bexMÄ
Gi gynZvwgg wn‡m‡e Pvi eQi Ges Bgvgevox gvìvmvq cybivq †hvM`vb K‡i wZwb µvgš^‡q wkÿvmwPe,
gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` 1989 mv‡j †_‡K 2010 mv‡j ch©šÍ wbôvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
AZtci wm‡j‡Ui †nvmvBwbqv gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e wKQzw`b wQ‡jb Gi ci Rvwgqv `viæj
KziAvb wm‡jU Gi cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K Rxe‡bi †kl wbtk¦vm ch©šÍ (cÖvq AvU eQi) kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e
eyLvixmn Ab¨b¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cvV`vb K‡ib|201 Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg gvIjvbv gydZx Avãyj KvBq~g
196 cÖv¸³, c„. 16

197 cÖv¸³, c„. 17
198 gwZDi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK cÖ_g Av‡jv, cÖv¸³, 25 †m‡Þ¤^ 2020wLª.
199 gynv¤§` iæûj Avgxb bMix, ÔAvjøvgv Avãyj †gv‡gb Bgvg evox,Õ •`wbK wm‡j‡Ui w`b Kvj, wm‡jU: 9 GwcÖj 2020 wLª.
200 cÖv¸³
201 W. •mq` †iRIqvb Avn‡g`, ÔAvjøvgv Avãyj gywgb Bgvgevox: Av‡jvwKZ Rxeb I Kg©,Õ •`wbK hyMvšÍi, XvKv: 11 GwcÖj 2020wLª.
424
KvjvÄyiv, gydwZ nvwdR gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg, gvIjvbv Avãyj KzÏym, gvIjvbv kvgQzj û`v, gvIjvbv
Kvix gywZDi ingvb, gydwZ gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi, gvIjvbv AvãyR Rjxj, gydwZ gvIjvbv Avãyj AvDqvj
IqvBmx, gvIjvbv Avãyj KvBDqyg, gvIjvbv KvRx nviæb ikx`, gvIjvbv jyrdi ingvb bexMÄ, gydwZ
gvIjvbv Zvwje DÏxb cÖgyL|
ivRbxwZ : wZwb nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v, cÖPvi-cÖmvi Ges RbmvaviY‡K ZvmvD‡d cÖwkwÿZ Kivi cvkvcvwk
ivRbxwZ I mvgvR‡mevg~jK Kg©Kv‡Ð mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg nweMÄ
†Rjvi `xN©w`‡bi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i 2005 mv‡j Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq
mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb|202
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm I Ava¨vwZ¥K ivnei gvIjvbv Avãyj gywgb (in.) nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq wQ‡jb GK
D¾¡j e¨w³Z¡| wZwb 2020 mv‡ji 8 gvP© gnvb cÖfzi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM K‡ib| Zuvi
Ava¨vwZ¥K mvabv I Øxwb wkÿvq AmsL¨ ü`‡q Bmjv‡gi †R¨vwZ cÖ¾¡wjZ n‡q‡Q, hv Zuvi g„Zy¨‡Z Áv‡bi
RM‡Z GK wekvj k~Y¨Zvi m„wó K‡i‡Q|203
gvIjvbv b~i †nvmvBb Kv‡mgx (in.) [1935-2020 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv b~i †nvmvBb Kv‡mgx (in.) 1935 gZvšÍ‡i 1945 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi ïµevi
ev` RyAv Kzwgjøv †Rjvi g‡bvniMÄ _vbvaxb PÇv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi
wcZv gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avãyj I`y`|204
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK b~i †nvmvBb ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv †k‡l Rv‡gqv Bmjvwgqv Kvwkcy‡i
wn`v‡qZzb bvû ch©šÍ c‡ob| AZtci wZwb `viæj Dj~g eiæov‡Z wn`vqv RvgvZ ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡i D”P
wkÿv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb fvi‡Zi mvnvivbcy‡i Mgb K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K 1970 mv‡j `viæj Dj~g
†Ìe‡›` fwZ© n‡q wgkKvZ †_‡K `vIiv nv`xm ch©šÍ mgvß K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb kvqL gvngy`yj nvmvb
†Ìe›`x, kixdyj nvmvb, dLiæj nvmvb gyivèv`x, Avãyj Avnv` gynv¤§` ûmvBb wenvix Bmjvgyj nK
AvRgx I Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvwk¥ix (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU nv`x‡mi wewfbœ wKZv‡ei cvV MÖnY K‡ib|205
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ Zvi wkÿK kvqL Avãyj Avnv‡ì civg‡k©
gvIjvbv Kv‡mgx fvi‡Zi gyhvddi bM‡ii gyivw`qv gvìvmvq GK eQi wkÿKZv K‡ib| †`‡k wd‡i 1975
mv‡j kixqZcy‡ii bwoqv _vbvaxb b›`bmvi gwnDm mybœvn gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm I wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡i wZb eQi nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zvici 1978 mv‡j Rvwgqv Avivweqv Gg`v`yj Dj~g
dwi`vev` gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡i Pvi eQi nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gici 1982 †_‡K 1987 ch©šÍ
wZwb gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviCqv gvìvmvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb 1988 mvj †_‡K XvKvi
Rvwgqv gv`vwbqv evwiavivq Ges 1998 mv‡j Zvi cÖwZwôZ Rvwgqv †mvenvwbqvi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e
mnxn eyLixi cvV`vb I gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ AvgiY myPviæiƒ‡c cvjb K‡ib| G Qvov 2020 mv‡ji 3
A‡±vei wZwb †edvKzj gv`vwiwmj Avivweqv evsjv‡`k Ges nvBqvZzj DjBqvi mn-mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib|206 D‡jøL¨, Zvi QvÎ‡ì mvÿvrKv‡i Rvbv †M‡Q, wZwb wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi ïiæ †_‡K nv`xmkv¯¿mn
Ab¨vb¨ welq evsjv fvlvq cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| Zvi GB `xN© 45 eQ‡ii Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b AmsL¨ evsjvfvlx
nv`xmwe` m„wó K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq weivU Ae`vb †i‡L‡M‡Qb|
202 cÖv¸³
203 Gg Gg evnvDÏxb m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK BbwKjve, cÖv¸³, 8 GwcÖj 2020wLª.
204 gvIjvbv wndhyi ingvb, Avj-BqvKzZ Iqvj-RvIqv‡ni, XvKv: gvKZvevZz kvqwLj Bmjvg, 2020wLª., L. 8, c„. 45
205 cÖv¸³
206 gvIjvbv wndhyi ingvb, bvmiæj jyÕjyÕDj Iqvj gviRvb, XvKv: gvKZvevZz kvqwLj Bmjvg, 2018wLª., L.2, c„.220-221; cÖv¸³,
c„.46
425
ivRbxwZ : wZwb 1975 mv‡j Rwgq‡Z Djvgv Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡k †hvM`vb K‡ib| wewfbœ c‡` `vwqZ¡ cvjb
†k‡l 2015 mv‡j gnvmwPe c‡` wbe©vwPZ nb| G Qvov wZwb 2000 mv‡j LZ‡g beyIqvZ Av‡›`vjb
Ges 2020 mv‡j AivR •bwZK msMVb †ndvR‡Z Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki gvnmwPe wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib|207
BwšÍKvj : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv b~i †nvmvBb Kv‡mgx (in.) 13 wW‡m¤î 2020 mv‡j XvKvi GKwU
nvmcvZv‡j wPwKrmvaxb Ae¯’vq BwšÍKvj K‡ib| g„Zz¨ Kv‡j Zvi eqm n‡qwQj 75 eQi|208
gvIjvbv IevB`yj nK bCgx (in.) [1943-2020 wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gydZx gvIjvbv IevB`yj nK bCgx (in.) ev‡iv AvIwjqvi ¯§„wZab¨ HwZnvwmK PÆMÖvg
†Rjvi Av‡bvqviv Dc‡Rjvaxb PuvcvZjx MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 1943 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zuvi wcZv Rbve b~i Avng` gybkx Avj-Kv‡ìx| wZwb wQ‡jb Ijx‡q Kvwgj kvn Avmv` Avjx dKxi (in.)
Gi Aa:¯Íb cyiæl| Zvi gvZv bvg mdziv LvZzb| wZwb AZ¨šÍ Av‡e`v I mv‡jnv wQ‡jb|209
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK bCgx ¯’vbxq g³e I cvVkvjvq cÖv_wgK wkÿv †k‡l PÆMÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx Iqv‡Rw`qv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³ gv`vivmv †_‡KB wZwb 1957 mv‡j `vwLj, 1961 mv‡j Avwjg I 1963
mv‡j dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ miKvwi e„wËmn DËxY© nb| AZtci wZwb 1963-1964 mv‡ji gaëZx©
mg‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¸RivU¯’ Rv‡gqv bCgxqvq fwZ© nb| ‡mLv‡b wQ‡jb ZrKvjxb c„w_exi Ab¨Zg
†kÖô Avwjg, Zvdmx‡i bCgx cÖ‡YZv gydZx Avng` Bqvi Lvb bCgx (in.)| wZwb G gnvb Avwj‡gi mvwbœ‡a¨
nv`xm, Zvdmxi I wdKn wel‡q D”P wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci wZwb †`‡k wd‡i Avevi Iqv‡Rw`qv Avwjqv
gvìvmv †_‡K 1965 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Kvwgj (nv`xm) wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Gici 1966 mv‡j XvKv
miKvwi Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ Kvwgj (wdKn) mb` AR©b K‡ib|210 gydZx IevB`yj
nK bCgx (in.) Gi `xN© wkÿv Rxe‡b †`k-we‡`‡k †hme RMrweL¨vZ wkÿKM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K wkÿvMÖnY
K‡i‡Qb Zb¥‡a¨ gvIjvbv Avjvfx gv‡jKx (in.); whwb g°vkix‡di Awaevmx wQ‡jb; nvwKgyj D¤§Z
gvIjvbv gydZx Bqvi Lvb bCgx (in.); whwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Awaevmx wQ‡jb; gvIjvbv KvRx byiæj Bmjvg
nv‡kgx (in.); whwb PÆMÖv‡gi Awaevmx Ges weL¨vZ gynvwÏm, gydvmwmi I dKxn wQ‡jb; gvIjvbv Avãym
mvËvi wenvix (in.); whwb cÖwm× gynvwÏm Ges fvi‡Zi Awaevmx wQ‡jb Ges gvIjvbv IqvwRn Djøvn
(in.); whwb †bvqvLvjxi Awaevmx Ges †`k weL¨vZ gynvwÏm I gydZx wQ‡jb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gydZx bCgx (in.) 1966 mv‡j wZwb cvuPjvBk Iqv‡Rw`qv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| G cÖwZôv‡b wZwb c~Y© GK eQi Øxwb Bj‡gi †mevq wb‡qvwRZ
_v‡Kb| Gici 1967 mv‡j nvUnvRvix AvwRwRqv A`yw`qv mybœxqv gvìvmvq cÖvq GK eQi gynvwÏm c‡`
Avmxb †_‡K nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1968 m‡b Rv‡gqv Avngw`qv mybœxqv Avwjqv
(Kvwgj) gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| gydZx bCgx (in.) G gvìvmvq †hvM`vb Kivi ci †_‡K
GKvav‡i 52 eQi (1968-2020) gynvwÏm Ges cieZx©‡Z kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` Avmxb †_‡K nvRviI
wkÿv_x©‡ì gv‡S nv`xmkv‡¯¿i b~i weZiY K‡ib| Z‡e 1980 mv‡j Kvwgj K¬vm Pvjy Kivi wbwg‡Ë GK eQi
kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ `wÿY PÆMÖv‡gi HwZnëvnx kvnPv›` AvIwjqv gvìvmvq
†hvM`vb K‡ib| GK eQi `vim cÖ`v‡bi ci Avevi wZwb Rv‡gqv Avngw`qv wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Avg„Zz¨ wZwb
GB gvìvmvq nv`x‡mi `vim w`‡q †M‡Qb AvšÍwiKZvi mv‡_ AK…wÎg fv‡jvevmvq| gydZx IevB`yj nK
207 cÖv¸³
208 cÖv¸³; m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK bqv w`MšÍ, cÖv¸³, 15 wW‡m¤î 2020wLª.
209 W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvwjg K¡v‡ìx m¤úvw`Z, †k‡i wgjøvZ gydwZ gynv¤§` IevB`yj nK bCg (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, PÆMÖvg: Bgvg gymwjg
(in.) dvD‡Ûkb, 2020, c„. 60
210 cÖv¸³
426
bCgx (in.) we‡klfv‡e eyLvix kix‡di cvV`vb Ki‡jI nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’I gv‡S g‡a¨ cvV`vb
Ki‡Zb| G Qvov wZwb wdKn Ges Zvdmx‡ii wewfbœ wKZveI cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| cvV`vbKv‡j gydZx
IevB`yj nK bCgx (in.) cvV`v‡bi wkóvPvi iÿv Ki‡Zb| we‡klZ nv`x‡mi `vim `vbKv‡j wZwb nv`x‡mi
cÖwZ we‡kl Avè cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb| Zvi nv`xm cvV`v‡bi c×wZ‡Z wQj AmvaviY GK •kjx I bZzbZ¡| Zuvi
nv`x‡mi `vi‡m em‡j g‡b n‡Zv nv`x‡mi b~i ev †R¨vwZ we”QziY n‡”Q| wkÿv_x©‡ì gv‡S GK we‡kl gy»Zv
Qwo‡q co‡Zv Ges Zviv nv`x‡m beexi †gvnv”QbœZvq Ave× n‡q co‡Zv| G mgq †Kv‡bv GKwU QvÎI
Ag‡bv‡hvMx _vK‡Zv bv| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G gnvb wkÿK Avm‡jB G AmvaviY cÖwZfvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb|
eyLvix kix‡di AwaKvsk cÖwm× e¨vL¨vMÖš’ wQj Zvi bL`c©‡Y| `vim `v‡bi mgq wZwb cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi
e¨vL¨vq weL¨vZ me e¨vL¨vMÖš’ †_‡K gyL¯’ D×…wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| †idv‡iÝ wn‡m‡e wmnvn wmËvi Ab¨vb¨
MÖš’mn cÖwm× me nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K gyL¯’ nv`xm (Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q‡ì bvg, GgbwK c„ôv b¤îI) D×…Z
Ki‡Zb| G‡Z Dcw¯’Z wkÿv_x©iv we‡gvwn‡Zv n‡q †h‡Zv|211 Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ hviv nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq iZ
Av‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ÑgvIjvbv •mq` †gvnv¤§` AwQqi ingvb, Aa¨ÿ, Rv‡gqv Avngvw`qv mywbœqv Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg; gvIjvbv Avkivdz¾vgvb AvjKv‡ìx, gynvwÏm, Rv‡gqv Avngvw`qv mywbœqv Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg; gvIjvbv W. †gvnv¤§` wjqvKZ Avjx, Dcva¨ÿ, Rv‡gqv Avngvw`qv mywbœqv Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg; gvIjvbv nv‡dR KvRx Avãyj Avwjg †iRfx, Aa¨ÿ, Kv‡`wiqv •Zq¨weqv Kvwgj gvìvmv,
XvKv; gvIjvbv •mq¨` †Lviwk` Avjg, Aa¨ÿ, bvwRinvU Rv‡gqv wgwjøqv Kvwgj gv`vivmv, dwUKQwo;
gvIjvbv Avãyj Iqv`y`, Dcva¨ÿ, wQcZjx Avwjqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg; gydZx Aveyj Kv‡mg gynv¤§`
dRjyj nK, Dcva¨ÿ, Kv‡`wiqv •Zq¨weqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, XvKv; gvIjvbv gykZvK Avng`, kvqLyj
nv`xm,Kv‡`wiqv •Zq¨weqv Kvwgj gv`vivmv, XvKv; gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Rwmg DÏxb Avj Avhnvix, gynvwÏm,
Kv‡`wiqv •Zq¨weqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, XvKv Ges W. gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` bvwQi DÏxb, gynvwÏm, Kv‡`wiqv
•Zq¨weqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, XvKv, cÖgyL|
MÖš’ cÖYqb : gydZx IevB`yj nK bCgx (in.) Aviex, evsjv, D`©y I dvwm© fvlvq mgvb cvi`kx© I AwfÁ
wQ‡jb| evsjv I D`y© fvlvq Zuvi †ek wKQz wbeÜ, cÖeÜ I dvZIqv welqK AwfgZ gvwmK ZiRygvb,
RxebevwZ, Áv‡bi Av‡jv, g`xbvi c‡_ mn wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv I g¨vMvwR‡b cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zvi iwPZ
MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ cÖwm× `ywU n‡”Q,
1. wgjv` wKqv‡gi •eaZv welqK Zuvi cÖvgvb¨ MÖš’ Ò`vjv‡qjyj wKqvg †j wgjvw` Lvqvwij AvbvgÓ|
2. ÒKvwkdzj gyMv¤§` kin Bgvg gynv¤§`Ó bv‡g Bgvg gynv¤§` (in.) Gi wKZv‡ei GKwU fvl¨MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib e‡j Rvbv hvq, hv GL‡bv AcÖKvwkZ|212
BwšÍKvj : gvIjvbv IevB`yj nK bCgx (in.) 2020 mv‡ji 6 RyjvB †mvgevi we‡Kj 4.45 wgwb‡U
BwšÍKvj K‡ib|213
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg (in.) [1975-2020]
Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg 1975 mv‡j 1 †deªæqvwi ie¸bv †Rjvi mì _vbvi
†M․wiPbœv MÖv‡g bvbv evwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi `v`v evwo ei¸bv †Rjvi evgbv _vbvi AvgZwj MÖv‡g|
Zvi wcZv Rqbyj Av‡e`xb; whwb GKRb AvjøvIqvjv gyËvKx I Av‡e` e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb| Kg©Rxe‡b wZwb
miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wkÿ‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Zvi gvZv Kzjmyg †eMg; whwb GKRb
mv‡jnv, Av‡e`v, ci‡nRMvi cyY¨gqx bvix wQ‡jb|214
211 cÖv¸³, c„.85-86

212 cÖv¸³, c„.89
213 mvBdzj Avjg m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK hyMvšÍi, XvKv: hgybv wcÖw›Us GÛ cvewjwks,7 RyjvB 2020 wLª.
214 we.`ª.: gynv¤§` RvbœvZzb bvCg, Av‡jvi wVKvbv, (gydZx gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg ¯§i‡Y) XvKv: `viæbœvRvZ cÖKvkbx,2020wLª.,c„.1-11
427
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi gVevwoqv _vbvi mvc‡jRv †bQvixqv
wmwbqi gvìvmvq cov‡kvbv ïiæ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb ei¸bv `viæj Dj~g †bQvwiqv Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K
1989 mv‡j `vwLj I 1991 mv‡j Avwjg Ges QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv n‡Z 1993 mv‡j
dvwhj, 1995 mv‡j Kvwgj Zvdmxi, 1997 mv‡j Kvwgj nv`xm I 2001 mv‡j Kvwgj wdKn wefv‡M
K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| ei¸bv miKvwi K‡jR †_‡K 1997 mv‡j we.G Ges ewikvj miKvwi weGg
K‡jR †_‡K 2002 mv‡j Gg.G cvm K‡ib| 215 mKj †kÖwY‡Z Zvi djvdj wQj LyeB K…wZZ¡c~Y© I
Cl©Yxq| hyM‡kÖô Øxbx we`¨vcxV QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvi †`kweL¨vZ wkÿKe„‡›ì ZË¡veav‡b
wZwb wbR‡K `x‡bi GKwbô †meK wn‡m‡e Dchy³fv‡e M‡o Zzj‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg 1997 mv‡j QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Avjxqv
gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib Ges GLv‡b wZwb 2001 mvj ch©šÍ wkÿZv K‡ib| AZtci
2001 mv‡j Pi‡gvbvB Avnmvbvev` ikxw`qv Kvwgj gvìvmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Aa¨vcbv
K‡ib| Gici wZwb 2004 mv‡j SvjKvwV †bQvivev` mv‡jwnqv Kvwgj gvìvmvi cÖavb gydZx c‡` wb‡qvM
jvf K‡ib Ges Z_vq 2012 ch©šÍ Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Zv Qvov 2013 mv‡j `viæj Aveive g‡Wj
gvìvmv cÖwZôvi ci 2020 mvj (g„Zzï c~e©) ch©šÍ Kvwgj, dvwhj I Avwjg ¯Í‡ii QvÎ‡ì wbqwgZ nv`x‡mi
cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| wZwb QviQxbv, Pi‡gvbvB, †bQvivev` I `viæj Aveivi gvìvmvq †hme wKZve cwo‡q‡Qb
Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q, mnxn eyLvix, RvÔwg wZigxhx, wgkKvZ kixd, Aviex mvwnZ¨, Zvdmx‡i RvjvjvBb,
Zvdmx‡i evqhvex, b~iæj AvbIqvi, wn`vqv, Avj-Avkevn Iqvb-bvhvwqi BZ¨vw`|216 wZwb weï× evsjv fvlvq
AZ¨šÍ ü`qMÖvnx fw½‡Z nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Zb| Zvi ì‡m fvj wKsev A‡cÿvK…Z `~e©j QvÎiv
mgvbfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Zv| wZwb Zvi mKj Kg©‡ÿ‡ÎB GKRb RbwcÖq Av`k© wkÿK wn‡m‡e g~j¨vwqZ
n‡q‡Qb| Zvi my`xN© 23 eQ‡ii Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b m„wó n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ gynvwÏm| G Qvov wZwb SvjKvVx m`‡ii
†K›`ªxq Rv‡g gmwR` evBZzj Avgxb Ges XvKvi wUGÛwU K‡jvwb evqZzj Avgvb Rv‡g gmwR‡ì LZxe
wn‡m‡e LyZev I Bgvg‡Zi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi gva¨‡g cweÎ KziAvb-nv`x‡mi cÖPvi cÖmv‡i Ae`vb iv‡Lb| G
Qvov wZwb GKRb (Iqv‡qR) e³v wn‡m‡eI e¨vcK RbwcÖq wQ‡jb|
wkÿvcÖwZôvb ¯’vcb : wZwb wkÿvcÖwZôvb ¯’vcb K‡iI nv`x‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i f~wgKv ‡i‡L‡Qb| 2012 mv‡j
`viæj Aveivi g‡Wj Kvwgj gvìvmv; bvix‡ì KziAvb-nv`xm wkÿv`v‡bi wbwgË ÒAv‡qkv wmÏxKv (iv.)
gwnjv gvìvmvÕ Ges mvaviY wkÿv_x©‡ì‡K Bmjvgx fveavivq M‡o Zzj‡Z Òewikvj †iwm‡WwÝqvj ¯‥zj
A¨vÛ K‡jRÓ (2018) bv‡g wZbwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb| Zvi `ÿ cwiPvjbvq cÖwZôvb¸‡jv Aíw`‡bB
cÖwmw× AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg nq|217
BwšÍKvj : K‡Vvi Aaëmvqx, cÖLi †gavex, kvqLyj nv`xm, gydZx gynv¤§` idxKzj Bmjvg 2020 mv‡ji 3
gvP© g½jevi mKvj mv‡o `kUvq mK‡ji †PvL duvwK w`‡q gnvb i‡ei Wv‡K mvov w`‡q cicv‡i cvwo
Rgvb|218
cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK (in.) [1943-2021wLª.]

Rb¥ -cwiwPwZ : cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK; whwb GKRb hyM‡kÖô Bmjvgx M‡elK-cwÐZ, nv`x‡m beexi
gnvb †meK, cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Gi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi GKRb ¯^bvgab¨,
cÖw_Zhkv Aa¨vcK wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ wbinsKvi, mnR-mij, `vwqZ¡m‡PZb GKRb Av`k©
215 cÖv¸³
216 cÖv¸³
217 M‡el‡Ki m‡iRwgb cwi`k©b I ¯^xq wkÿ‡Ki mvÿvrKvi MÖnY|
218 gynv¤§` RvbœvZzb bvCg, cÖv¸³, c„. 5
428
wkÿK| G gnvb e¨w³Z¡ 1943 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi ZrKvjxb ev‡KiMÄ †Rjvi ¯îƒcKvVx _vbvi (eZ©gvb
wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi †bQvivev` _vbvi) gv¸iv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg gynv¤§` †gvm‡jg Avjx
wgqv|219
wkÿvRxeb : †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb AZ¨šÍ †gavex wQ‡jb| wZwb QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Avwjqv gvìvmv
†_‡K 1954, 1958, 1960 I 1962 mv‡j h_vµ‡g `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj cvm K‡ib| mKj
†evW© cixÿvqB †gav ZvwjKvq ¯’vb jvfmn cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| G Qvov wZwb 1961 mv‡j (cÖvB‡fU)
†gwUªK cvm K‡ib Ges 1964 mv‡j dRjyj nK K‡jR †_‡K B›UviwgwW‡qU cixÿvq DËxY© nb| 1967
mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K we.G Abvm© Ges 1968 mv‡j GKB wefvM †_‡K
Gg.G cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib|220
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK 1968 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î dRjyj nK
K‡j‡R Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M †jKPvivi c‡` †hvMv`v‡bi gva¨w`‡q Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib|
Gici 1970 mv‡ji 19 AvM÷ †_‡K 1971 mv‡ji 2 GwcÖj ch©šÍ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aviex I BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefv‡M A¯’vqx †jKPvivi wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z wZwb Kwe bRiæj miKvwi K‡j‡R
wKQzw`b †jKPvivi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Gici 4 GwcÖj 1972 mv‡j wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q
Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci ch©vµ‡g c‡`vbœZxi
avivevwnKZvq 1978 mv‡j mnKvix Aa¨vcK, 1986 mv‡j mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK I 1999 mv‡j Aa¨vcK c`
jvf K‡ib| 2009 mv‡ji 29 Ryb wbqwgZ Aa¨vcK c` †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| AvgiY wZwb D³
wefv‡M Abvivix Aa¨vcK c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|221
iPbv I m¤úv`bv : cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK; whwb mvivRxeb ÁvbPP©v I mvabvi Kv‡R eªZ wQ‡jb|
wZwb evsjv I Bs‡iwR fvlvq A‡bK M‡elYv cÖeÜ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb Gi Zvdmx‡i
gvhnvix (13LÛ) I Zvdmx‡i Kvexi Gi m¤úv`bv cwil‡ì mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| G Qvov mxivZzbœex (mv.) Gi
m¤úv`bv cwil‡ìI mfvcwZ wQ‡jb| 2001 mv‡j wZwb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb Gi Òmybvb bvmvqxÓ, 2006
mv‡j ÒAvey `vD` kixdÓ, 2002 mv‡j Avj-wn`vqv Ges 2003 mv‡j mdIqvZzZ Zvdvmxi Gi m¤úv`bv
cwil‡ì m`m¨ wQ‡jb| AwaKš‘ wZwb Zvdmx‡i iƒûj gvÕAvbx 2q I 3q LÐ, Zvdmx‡i Kvexi 1g LÐ,
ÒBjvDm mybvbÓ 7g LÐ Ges Avj-we`vqv Iqvb wbnvqv 6ô L‡Ði GKK m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb| BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb Gi Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kv‡l Zvui 21wU wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI wZwb wZb `kK hveZ RvZxq
wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© (NCTB) KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ lô-`kg †kÖwYi Bmjvg wkÿv eB iPbv gva¨‡g evsjv
fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq Ae`vb †i‡L ‡M‡Qb|222 wZwb `xN© cÖvq 50 eQi hver Aa¨vcbvi mv‡_ hy³ wQ‡jb|
Zvi eY©vX¨ Kg©Rxe‡bi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i mnxn eyLvix, wgkKvZmn nv`x‡mi wewfbœ MÖš’vw` cvV`v‡bi gva¨‡g
nv`xmwe` •Zix, nv`xmMÖš’ Abyev`-fvl¨ MÖš’ iPbv, m¤úv`bv I M‡elYvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq
Abb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L ‡M‡Qb|
BwšÍKvj : G gnvb ÁvbmvaK 2021 mv‡ji 9 GwcÖj ïµevi wèvMZ ivZ 10 Uvq c„w_exi gvqv Z¨vM K‡i
gnvb cÖfzi Wv‡K mvov w`‡q ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|
219 mvÿvrKvi: 20.10.2019 Zvwi‡L M‡elK KZ…©K ¯^xq wkÿ‡Ki mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q; W.
gynv¤§` Avj-Avgxb, Aviex I Bmjvgx wkÿv we¯Ívi Ges mgvR ms¯‹v‡i QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbvœ Z Avwjqv gvìvmvi f~wgKv, XvKv: Aviex
wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, (AcÖvwkZ wcGBP.wW. w_wmm), 2018 wLª., c„. 349
220 cÖv¸³
221 cÖv¸³
222 cÖv¸³
429
gydZx gynv¤§` Iqv°vm (in.) [1948-2021 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gydZx Iqv°vm h‡kvi †Rjvi gwbivgcyi Dc‡Rjvi weRqivgcyi MÖv‡g 1948 mv‡ji 15
Rvbyqvwi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Rbve BmgvBj †gvoj I byi Rvnvb †eMg `¤úwZi Kwbô mšÍvb wn‡m‡e G
c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡ib|223
wkÿv Rxeb : we¯§qKi †gavex Iqv°vm 1958 mv‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv †kl K‡i h‡kvi gwbivgcyi jvDwo
Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³ gvìvmv †_‡K gvìvmv †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq `vwL‡j
(1965) cÖ_g wefv‡M 3q ¯’vb; Avwj‡g (1967) cÖ_g wefv‡M 1g ¯’vb; dvwh‡j (1969) cÖ_g wefv‡M 3q
¯’vb Ges evn`yicyi Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj nv`x‡m (1971) cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 3q ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib|
Z_vq Zvi eyLvix kix‡di wkÿK wQ‡jb gvIjvbv gywneŸyi ingvb (in)| wZwb gvIjvbv RvKvwiqv (in.) Gi
weL¨vZ QvÎ| wZwb Zvi wkÿK I gywk©` gvIjvbv ZvRv¤§yj Avjxi (in.) civg‡k© nv`xm-wdKn wel‡q
D”PZi wkÿvjv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| 1974 mv‡j †mLvb †_‡K `vIiv‡q
nv`xm, 1975 mv‡j ZvKgx‡j ØxwbqvZ Ges 1976 mv‡j wdKn I d‡Zvqv wel‡q D”PZi wkÿvi mb` jvf
K‡ib| D‡jøL¨, wZwb `vwLj cixÿvi Aem‡i gvÎ 3 gv‡m cweÎ KyiAvb wndh m¤úbœ K‡ib|224
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1976 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i h‡kvi gwbivgcyi jvDwo Avwjqv gvìvmvq
wkÿKZv ïiæ K‡ib| 1978 mv‡j Lyjbv `viæj Dj~g gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1980
mv‡j kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gywneŸyi ingvb (in.) Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci wZwb D³ gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm
wbhy³ nb| AZtci wZwb h‡kvi gwbivgcyi gv`vbxbMi Rv‡gqv Gg`vw`qv gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv gynZvwgg,
cÖavb gydZx I kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges XvKv c~e© ivgcyiv bZzbevM gvìvmvqI wZwb
kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e eyLvix kix‡di cvV`vb K‡ib|225 G gnvb kvqLyj nv`xm my`xN© 45 eQi nv`xmkv¯¿
Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K AmsL¨ ev½vjx nv`xmwe` m„wó‡Z Ae`vb iv‡Lb|
ivR‣bwZK Rxeb : gydZx Iqv°vm 1986 mv‡j GjvKvi RbM‡bi g‡bvbxZ cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e RvZxq msm`
m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| AZtci ag© gš¿bvj‡qi cÖwZgš¿x wbhy³ nb| wZwb 1988 mv‡j RvZxq cvwU©i cÖv_©x
wn‡m‡e 2q evi msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| wZwb 2001 mv‡j Pvi`jxq †RvU g‡bvbxZ Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q
Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e 3q evi msm` wbe©vwPZ nb| Ggwc, gš¿x I ûBc wn‡m‡e wZwb GjvKvi
Dbœqb I †`k-RvwZ Ges Bmjv‡gi ‡mevq me©vZ¥K cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| 1991 mv‡j Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg
evsjv‡`‡ki †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwii `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| my`xN© 25 eQi wZwb †Rbv‡ij †m‡µUvwi wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 2018 mv‡j wZwb Rwgq‡Z Djvgv‡q Bmjvg evsjv‡`‡ki mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| G
Qvov wZwb Bmjvgx HK¨‡Rv‡Ui cÖwZôvZv m`m¨, gnvmwPe I hyM¥gnvmwPe wn‡m‡e I `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
Ávb Zvcm AmvaviY G †gavex nv`xmwe` Kg©e¨¯Ívi gv‡SI nv`xm wkÿv`vb †_‡K KLbI wePy¨Z nbwb|226
BwšÍKvj : gydZx Iqv°vm (in.) 2021 mv‡ji 31 gvP© eya evi †fv‡i XvKvi GKwU nvmcvZv‡j K‡ivbv
AvµvšÍ n‡q BwšÍKvj K‡ib|227
gvIjvbv Rybv‡q` eveybMix (in.) [1953-2021 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wKse`šÍx, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Rybv‡q` eveybMix (in.) 1953 mv‡ji 8
A‡±vei PÆMÖv‡gi dwUKQwo _vbvaxb eveybM‡ii GK ZvKIqv‡Niv m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
223 Iev`yjøvn IevB` m¤úvw`Z, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi inxg Bmjvgvev`x, KIwg wfkb, PÆMÖvg: Rv‡n`v wewìs, Cmv †iwm‡WwÝqvj
Gwiqv, 25 b‡f¤î, 2018 wLª.
224 cÖv¸³
225 cÖv¸³
226 cÖv¸³
227 mvBdzj Avjg m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK hyMvšÍi, cÖv¸³, 15 GwcÖj 2021wLª.
430
Zvi wcZv kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb (in.); whwb wgkKvZyj gvmvex‡ni fvl¨MÖš’ Zvbhxgyj
AvkZvZ Gi †jLK I nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi weL¨vZ gynvwÏm wQ‡jb| Zvi gvZvi bvg dvwZgv LvZzb ; whwb
GKRb `xb`vi, Av‡e`v, hv‡n`v gnxqmx bvix wQ‡jb| gvIjvbv nviæb eveybMix wQ‡jb Zvi bvbv| gv‡q w`K
†_‡K Zvi esk nhiZ Avey eKi wmwÏK (iv) Gi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|228
wkÿv Rxeb : cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j evj¨Kv‡jB wZwb KziAvb gvRx` wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| AZtci wZwb ¯’vbxq
Avj-RvwgqvZzj Bmjvwgqv AvwRRyj Dj~g gvìvmvq cÖv_wgK wKZvevw` wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib Ges `k eQi
eq‡m cy‡iv KyiAvb Kvixg wndR mgvß K‡i GK •eV‡K cy‡iv KyiAvb ïbv‡bvi †M․i‡ev¾¦j myL¨vwZ AR©b
K‡ib| Zvici wZwb nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| GLvb †_‡K wZwb ch©vqµ‡g mKj †kÖwY AwZµg K‡i
1976 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvm K‡ib| Zvici nv`xm kv‡¯¿ c~Y© gvÎvq eyrcwË AR©b Kivi
wbwgË KivPx‡Z mdi K‡ib Ges weL¨vZ gynvwÏm gvIjvbv BDmyd evb&b~ix (in.) Gi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnYK‡i
nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Mfxi cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| wewfbœ kv‡¯¿ Zvi mgvb cvi½gZv _vKvi cvkvcvwk we‡klfv‡e
nv`xm I Dj~gyj nv`xm Zvi Aw¯’g¾vq cwiYZ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv BDmyd
evb&b~ix (in.), gydZx Ijx nvmvb UzsKx (in.), cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm Avãyj KvBq~¨g (in.) I wcZv gvIjvbv
Aveyj nvmvb (in.) Gi g‡Zv kv¯¿xq gbxlxe„›`, hv‡ì nv‡Z Zvi Áv‡bi cÖwZcvjb I weKvk mvwaZ n‡q‡Q
Zviv mK‡jB hy‡Mi †kÖô nv`xm we‡klÁ cwÐZ wQ‡jb|229
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Rybv‡q` eveybMix †`‡k wd‡i eveybMi gvìvmvq `xN© `yB hy‡Mi
AwaK Kvj hver AZ¨šÍ mybv‡gi mv‡_ mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb K‡i‡Qb| 2003 mvj
†_‡K Zuv‡K nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM `vb Kiv nq| GLv‡b wZwb mnxn eyLvix, mnxn
gymwjg I wZiwghx cvV`vb K‡ib| Zuvi nv`xm cvV`v‡bi mybvg I myL¨vwZ †MvU †`kRy‡o Qwo‡q c‡o|
nv`x‡mi kv¯¿xq e¨vL¨v, wdKnx cÖgvY, ivex ch©v‡jvPbv I nv`x‡mi gvb wbY©qmn K¬v‡m cÖ`Ë Zvi PgrKvi
e¨vL¨v-we‡køl‡Yi ìæY wkÿv_x©e„›` ¯^:ùzZ©fv‡e Zuv‡K (gvwjKyZZvìxm) ÔcvV`vb RM‡Zi gyKzUnxb m¤ªvUÕ
Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ K‡i‡Q| nv`xmwekvi` wn‡m‡e ÒwmivZzj Bgvwg` `v‡igx IqvZ Zvwid weïqywLnxgÓ
wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xm welqK M‡elYvg~jK Z_¨ mg„× MÖš’ iPbv Zvi AgiKxwZ©| cÖK…Z m‡PZb gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
†`k I RvwZi †h †Kv‡bv agx©q msK‡U wZwb ewjô f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb|230
Zvi iPbvejx : gvIjvbv eveybMixi Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ w`K wb‡q iwPZ 22wU MÖ‡š’i mÜvb cvIqv hvq|
Zb¥‡a¨ 3wU e³…Zv msKjb Ges 3wU m¤úvw`Z MÖš’| Zvi iwPZ nv`xm welqK MÖš’vejx wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
1. wmivZzj Bgvwg` `vwigx IqvZ ZvwiL we kvqwLnx (1978)[Aviex];
2. wek¦e‡iY¨ gynvwÏmM‡Yi `„wó‡Z Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (in.);
3. cÖPwjZ Rvj nv`xm;
4. gyKvÏvgv‡q Zvbhxgyj AvkZvZ (D`~©);
5. gyKvÏvgvZzj Bjg : Zvdmxi, nv`xm, wdKn I d‡Zvqv; cÖf„wZ|
BwšÍKvj : Bmjvgx wkÿvwe`, Ava¨vwZ¥K e¨w³Z¡, ‡ndvhZ Bmjv‡gi Avgxi, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv
Rybv‡q` eveybMix 2021 mv‡ji 19 AvM÷ †fv‡i XvKvi GKwU nvmcvZv‡j K‡ivbv AvµvšÍ n‡q BwšÍKvj
K‡ib|231
228 m¤úv`bv cwil`, dzhvjv m‡¤§jb ¯§viK-2019, XvKv: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv jvjgvwUqv, 2019wLª.,c„. 76
229 cÖv¸³
230 cÖv¸³
231 mvBdzj Avjg m¤úvw`Z, •`wbK hyMvšÍi, cÖv¸³, 15 GwcÖj 2021wLª.
431
L. RxweZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb

gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg [Rb¥: 1939 wLª.]
Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : hyM‡kÖô Avwj‡g Øxb, kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg 1939 mv‡j Puv`cyi †Rjvi
KPzqv Dc‡Rjvaxb Avkivdcyi MÖv‡gi GK Øxb`vi m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZv
†g․jfx mvB‡q` Avng`, whwb Avkivdcyi dvwRj gvìvmvi ¯^bvgab¨ wkÿK wQ‡jb| gvZv AvwQqv LvZzb
wQ‡jb GKRb Avjøvfxiæ †bKKvi igYx| wZwb 5 †Q‡j Ges 2 Kb¨v mšÍv‡bi RbK| †Q‡jiv mK‡jB eo
Avwjg| eo †Q‡j gvIjvbv Avey bQi Avkivdx nvRxMÄ Avngw`qv Kvwgj gvìvmvi †nW gynvwÏm Ges
wewkó gydvw”Q‡i KyiAvb|
wkÿvRxeb : evj¨Kvj †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ †gavex Ges ax-kw³i AwaKvix| wZwb Zvui wbR MÖv‡gi
Avkivdcyi dvwRj gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1955 mv‡j `vwLj, 1959 mv‡j Avwjg cixÿvq †gav ZvwjKvq
we‡kl ¯’vb AwaKvimn cvm K‡ib| Zvici wZwb ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwm× gvìvmv eZ©gvb j²xcyi
†Rjvi UzgPi Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb 1961 mv‡j †gav
ZvwjKvq we‡kl¯’vb AwaKvimn K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ dvwhj cvm K‡ib| Zvici wZwb †bvqvLvjx †mvbvcyi
KvivgwZqv Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K 1963 mv‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Kvwgj (nv`xm) cvm K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 1963 mv‡j Kvwgj cvm Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_B gqgbwmsn †Rjvi
dzjevoxq Dc‡Rjv m`‡i dzjevoxqv dvwhj gvìvmvq Dcva¨ÿ c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb AwZ
Aí mg‡q Zvi AmvaviY †hvM¨Zv e‡j h‡_ó mybvg I myL¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb 1965 mv‡j
16 †mÞ¤î Uv½vBj `viæj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1967 mv‡j
wm‡jU †Rjvi wek¦bv_ Dc‡Rjvaxb mrcyi Kvwgj gvìvmvq †nW gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Z_vq
wZwb GKUvbv mv‡o bq eQi AZ¨šÍ mybvg I myL¨vwZi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kivi ci 1976 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS
mg‡q wb‡Ri mv‡eK †Rjv Kzwgjøvi †`weØvi Dc‡Rjvaxb avgZx Kvwgj gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| G
gvìvmvq wZwb †nW gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e GKUvbv mv‡o mvZvk eQi hver AZ¨šÍ mybvg I myL¨vwZi mv‡_ mnxn
eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ wKZvevw` cvV`vb K‡ib| hvi d‡j avgZx gvìvmvi mybvg mviv evsjv‡`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o|
G Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq cÖwZwU †Rjv †_‡KB †gavex QvÎiv avgZx gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| avgZx
gvìvmv cÖwZ eQi †evW© cixÿvq †iRv‡ëi w`K †_‡K kxl©¯’vb AwaKvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l wZwb avgZx
gvìvmv †_‡K 2004 mv‡ji 1 †deªæqvix Aemi MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi cÖwm× QvÎe„‡›ì 1. W. †gvt Avãyj
evKx, Aa¨vcK, Aviex wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; 2. W. gynv¤§` KzZzeyj Bmjvg †bvgvbx, Aa¨vcK, Aviex
wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq; 3. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kvn Rvnvb gv`vbx, wcÖwÝc¨vj, wgmevûj Dj~g Kvwgj
gvìvmv, XvKv; 4. W. gynv¤§` mvBdyjøvn, mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU, XvKv; 5. W. gynv¤§`
Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` (evkvi), †nW gynvwÏm, g`xbvZzj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmv, XvKv; 6. gvIjvbv Avey bQi
Avkªvdx, †nW gynvwÏm, nvRxMÄ Avwjqv gvìvmv; 7. W. †gvnv¤§` wndhyi ingvb cÖg~L|
wkÿKZvi Rxe‡b wZwb †hvM¨ Av‡jg Movi j‡ÿ¨ K‡Vvi cwikÖg Ges AvKl©Yxq c×wZ‡Z wkÿv`vb
Ki‡Zb, hv‡Z me© ¯Í‡ii QvÎiv mgfv‡e DcK…Z n‡Zv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡kªwYK‡ÿi evwn‡iI wZwb mKvj-mÜ¨v
QvÎ‡ì‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q †W‡K †W‡K cvV`vb Ki‡Zb| GgbwK A‡bK mgq gvìvmvi AeKvkKv‡jI Z_vq
Ae¯’vb K‡i †Kvb cÖKvi cvwikÖwgK QvovB wZwb QvÎ‡ì cov‡Zb| G Kvi‡Y wZwb Zuvi `xN© 41 eQ‡ii
wkÿKZv Rxe‡b eû †hvM¨ gynvwÏm m„wó Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| d‡j wZwb nvRv‡iv wkÿv_x©i ü`‡q m¤§v‡bi
Avm‡b wb‡R‡K Avmxb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| d‡j wZwb ¯§iYxq, eiYxq e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e wPi Agi n‡q
_vK‡eb AvRxeb|232
232 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK KZ…©K 20.05.2020 Zvwi‡L Z`xq eo cyÎ gvIjvbv Avey bQi Avkªvdxi (†nW gynvwÏm, nvRxMÄ Avwjqv
gvìvmv) mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
432
cÖ‡dmi W. Av. d. g. Avey eKi wmÏxK [Rb¥: 1942wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxK 1942 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB mvZÿxiv †Rjvi AvgZjv MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui wcZvi bvg gybkx gynv¤§` eiKZ Djøvn| wZwb †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wkÿvbyivMx I Zx²
†gavex wQ‡jb| wZwb Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î Zvui †gavi ¯^vÿi †i‡L‡Qb|233
wkÿvRxeb : gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxK ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvMÖnY Kivi ci 1961 mv‡j
cÖ_g wefv‡M mßg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i `vwLj (Gm.Gm.wm) cvm K‡ib| Zvici 1963 mv‡j Avwjg
(GBP.Gm.wm) cvm K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j dwi`MÄ Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj gygZvhyj gynvwÏmxb wWwMÖ
jvf K‡ib| AZtci XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Aviex wefvM †_‡K 1966 mv‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb jvf K‡i
we.G Abvm© Ges 1967 mv‡j cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Gg.G wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| me©‡kl wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq n‡Z
1986 mv‡j wcGBP.wW wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|234
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Avey eKi wmÏxK evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb L¨vwZgvb BmjvwgK
¯‥jvi| wZwb nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv, M‡elYv, M‡elYv ZË¡veavb Ges IqvR-bwmnZ, e³…Zvi gva¨‡g evsjv
fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| GQvov wZwb Zvui †jLv-‡jwL, M‡elYv cÖeÜ iPbv I MÖš’ msKj‡bi
gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv©i †ÿ‡ÎI Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb| G hver Kv‡j gvIjbv Avey eKi
wmÏxK Ab~w`Z I cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 18wU| Zb¥‡a¨ `yÕwU nv`xm MÖš’- 1. mybvby Avex `vD` Gi evsjv
Abyev`; hv Qq L‡Ð BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| 2. mybvby Beb gvRvn Gi evsjv Abyev`|
GwU BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv- 3. `x‡b Gjvnx I
gyRvwÏ‡` Avj‡dmvbx (i); BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ| 4. esMxq gymjgvb‡ì cðv`c`Zvi
KviY I djvdj (1757-1987); 5. Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi and his Reforms GwU Zvi wcGBP.wW
w_wmm| 6. gmwR‡ì HwZnvwmK ¸iæZ¡; 7. wecøex gyRvwÏ`; 8. AvZ¥ïw×i c_wb‡`©k; 9. ¯§iYKv‡ji
giYRqx; 10. gyKvwkdv‡Z Avqbxqv, gyRvwÏ‡` Avj‡dmvbx iwPZ g~j dvm©x MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev`| 11.
gvÕAvwi‡d jv`ybœxqv, gyRvwÏ` Avj‡d mvbx iwPZ g~j dvm©x MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev`| 12. •`bw›`b Rxe‡b
Bmjvg; BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk †_‡K cÖKvwkZ GKwU RbwcÖq MÖš’; hv‡Z KziAvb-nv`xm wfwËK Bmjvgx
Rxebeë¯’vi cÖvq mKj w`‡Ki Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q|235 cÖf…wZ|
gvIjvbv mvB‡q¨` KvgvjyÏxb Rvdixi [Rb¥: 1945 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : ‡`‡ki `wÿYvÂ‡j Aew¯’Z ØxcvÂj †fvjvi †evinvbywÏb _vbvi •mq` AvIwjqv MÖv‡g Rbve
Rvdix 1945 mv‡ji 3 gvP© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv mvB‡q¨` Avey Rvdi Avãyjøvn wQ‡jb
GKRb L¨vZbvgv Avwjg Ges Zuvi gvZv dv‡Zgv LvZzb wQ‡jb GKRb gwnqmx bvix| Zuvi `v`v gvIjvbv
gydwZ Avãyj nv`x Ges bvbv gvIjvbv gKeyj Avng`| Zuvi cwiev‡ii DaŸ©Zb cyiæl wcÖq bex nhiZ gynv¤§`
(mv.) Gi eskai| G Kvi‡YB Zuvi bv‡gi c~‡e© ÔmvB‡q¨`Õ kãwU †hvM Kiv nq e‡j Rvbv hvq| g‡bvig Øxwb
cwi‡e‡k gvIjvbv Rvdixi •kke AwZevwnZ nq| Zvi wcZv wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ ci‡nRMvi Avwjg| wcZvi
ZË¡veav‡b †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb Bjg I Avgjx cwi‡e‡k †e‡o D‡Vb| Zvi cvwievwiK BwZnvm AbymÜv‡b
Rvbv hvq, Rwg`vi AvMv ev‡Ki Lv‡bi Avg‡j GKwU Avie cwievi Ô‡evinvb DwÏbÕ bvgK ØxcvÂ‡j AvMgb
K‡ib| ZLb Rwg`vi ev‡Ki Lvb Zv‡ì‡K c~e© I cwð‡g `ywU Øxc jv‡LivR K‡i ‡`b| †mB Avie
cwiev‡ii cÖavb wQ‡jb •mq` AvIwjqv, Zuvi bvgvbymv‡iB G `ywU Øx‡ci mgš^‡q MwVZ MÖv‡gi bvg †`qv nq Ô
•mq` AvIwjqvÕ| Zuvi wcZv gvIjvbv Avey Rvdi Avãyjøvn wQ‡jb ¯’vbxq wgRv©Kvjy Bmjvwgqv dvwhj
233 mvÿvrKvi: 7.12.2020wLª.,Zvwi‡L M„nxZ mvÿvrKvi; we.`ª.: gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avng`, gv`ªvmv-B-Avwjqvi BwZnvm, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv, †deªæqvix 2004, c„. 97-99
234 cÖv¸³
235 cÖv¸³
433
gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv Aa¨ÿ| Zuvi `v`v gvIjvbv gydZx Avãyj nv`x wQ‡jb dzidzivi cxi gvIjvbv Avey eKi
wmÏxK (in.) Gi Lwjdv| KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb †mKv‡j †Mvì‡g‡Wj †c‡q UvB‡Uj cvm
K‡iwQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : Rbve Rvdix MÖv‡gi g³‡e cÖv_wgK wkÿv ‡k‡l wgR©vKvjy Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi dvwhj gvìvmvq
fwZ© nb| K‡qK eQi ci wZwb 1956 mv‡j biwms`xi wkecyi¯’ Kzgviv`x `viæj Dj~g wmwbqi dvwRj
gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Zvi wkï mËvq M„n KvZiZvi ìæY Aíw`‡bi eëav‡bB wkÿK‡ì KvQ †_‡K we`vq
wb‡q c~‡e©i cÖwZôv‡b wd‡i Av‡mb Ges 1958 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ `vwLj cvm K‡ib| AZtci Avev‡iv wZwb
Kzgviv`x gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1962 mv‡j Avwjg cvm K‡ib| 1964 mv‡j wgR©vKvjy Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi dvwhj
gvìvmv †_‡K dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z K…ZKvh© nb| Zvici wZwb XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmvq Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb Ges
wKQzw`b Aa¨qb Kivi ci wbqwgZ K¬vm Kiv Zuvi c‡ÿ Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msKUgq
†cÖÿvc‡Ui Kvi‡Y wZwb Rwgq‡Z G‡Ënv`yj Ijvgvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1967-68 mv‡j gvIjvbv Rvdix GB
msMV‡bi c~e© cvwK¯Ívb kvLvi fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vwPZ nb| AZtci wZwb `ye©vwU g`xbvZzj Dj~g Kvwgj
gvìvmv †_‡K 1973 mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq Ask MÖnY K‡i cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z DËxY© nb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : MvRxcy‡ii `ye©vwU gw`bvZzj Dj~g Avwjqv gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv gvIjvbv
Avãym mvjvg 220 UvKv †eZ‡b gvIjvbv Rvdix‡K †m‡KÛ gynvwÏm c‡` wb‡qvM †`b| Z_vq `yB eQi
gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| 1976 m‡b GK`j BmjvgwcÖq gvbyl Zv‡K biwms`x Avmevi
Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| wZwb Zv‡ì AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q Rv‡gqv Kv‡mwgqvi wfwË ¯’vcb K‡ib| 1977 mv‡j
gvìvmvi cwiPvjbv KwgwU biwms`x evRvi †_‡K ZLb cÖvq †lvj nvRvi UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i Aa¨ÿ
Rvdix‡K n‡¾ cvVvb| D‡Ïk¨ wQj Rv‡gqvi Dbœqb| wZwb n‡¾i md‡i Ôiv‡eZv Avjg Avj-Bmjvgx‡ZÕ
GKwU Av‡e`b `vwLj K‡ib| gvÎ GK eQi ci Zviv Rv‡gqvi AbyK~‡j ev‡iv jÿ UvKv Aby`vb cvVvq| Zv
w`‡q GKwU wekvj wkÿv BgviZ wbgv©Y Ges GK LÐ Rwg µq Kiv nq|
1978 mv‡ji 5 GwcÖj Aa¨ÿ KvgvjyÏxb Rvdix ZrKvjxb †m․w` ivóª`~Z †kL dzqv` Ave`yj nvwg` Avj-
LZxe‡K Rv‡gqvi evwl©K gvnwd‡j Avgš¿Y Rvbvb Ges wZwb gvìvmv cwi`k©‡b gy» nb| gvIjvbv Rvdixi
Ávb I cÖÁv †`‡L wZwb Zuv‡K g°v wKs Avãyj AvwRR wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨q‡bi civgk© †`b Ges G e¨vcv‡i
mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb K‡ib| g°v wek¦we`¨vj‡q gvÎ `yB eQi Aa¨qb †k‡l wZwb †m․w` Avi‡ei MÖvÛ
gydZx Avãyjøvn web evR Gi cÿ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| Aci w`‡K
Rvwgqv Kv‡mwgqvi Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv¯¿ wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z `vim w`‡Zb| we‡klZ: Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z eyLvix
I bvmvC kix‡di `vim w`‡Zb e‡j Rvbv †M‡Q| Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb Bmjvgx e¨vsK evsjv‡`k wjt
Gi cÖwZôvjMœ †_‡K kwiqv GWfvBRvwi KvDwÝ‡ji Ôm`m¨ mwPeÕ wn‡m‡e `xN© w`b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| cvkvcvwk evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk Rxeb exgv cÖwZôv‡bi kwiqv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e wbôvi
mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb| wkÿv cÖmv‡iI Zvi Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| XvKvi †Mvcxev‡M wZwb cÖwZôv
K‡i‡Qb Ôevsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjqÕ| G QvovI gnvb wkÿvwe` evsjv fvlvq nv`xm Aa¨vcbv, wgwWqv
I gv‡V-gq`v‡b IqvR-gvnwd‡j KziAvb-nv`xm cÖPv‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|236
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwjg eyLvix [Rb¥:1945 wLª.]
Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv eyLvix 1945 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi †jvnvMvov _vbvi ivRNvUv (ZrKvjxb mvZKvwbqvi
AšÍM©Z) MÖv‡gi GK m¤¢ªvšÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg Avãyj MYx eyLvix Ges Zvi gvZv
kv‡Kiv †eMg| Zvi ci`v`v •mq` Avng` eyLvix DR‡ewK¯Ív‡bi †evLvivi evwm›`v wQ‡jb| •eix cwi‡e‡k
wZwb Pxb-fviZ n‡q Bqv½y‡b wnRiZ K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vqxfv‡e emwZ ¯’vcb K‡ib|
236 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 16 GwcÖj 2021 Zvwi‡L Aa¨ÿ mvB‡q¨` KvgvjyÏxb Rvdixi mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb|
434
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb wbR MÖv‡gi ivRNvUv †nvmvBwbqv AvwRRyj Dj~g gvìvmvq cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿv
K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ †kl K‡ib| Zvici Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv cwUqvq fwZ© n‡q 1964 mv‡j `vIiv‡q
nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvß K‡ib| D³ Rvwgqvq 1965 mv‡j D”PZi evsjv mvwnZ¨ I M‡elYv wefv‡M Aa¨qb
K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb Uv½vBj Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Avwjg I dvwhj, †Mvcvjcyi Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K
Kvwgj nv`xm wefvM †_‡K 1g †kªwY‡Z DËxY© nb| G QvovI wZwb 1969 mv‡j Uv½vBj KvMgvix K‡jR
†_‡K GBP.Gm.wm I 1975 mv‡j we.G cvm K‡ib| cvkvcvwk wZwb jv‡nvi Wb †nvwgIc¨vw_K K‡jR ‡_‡K
ev‡qvK¨vwg‡Ki Dci 2 eQi †gqv`x †Kvm© m¤úbœ K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿKZvi †ckv wbe©vP‡bi gva¨w`‡q wZwb Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| wZwb
(1967-1968) Uv½vBj `viæj Dj~g Avwjqv gvìvmvi Aviex cÖfvlK c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| Gici wZwb
mvZKvwbqv gvngy`yj Dj~g Avwjqv gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1972 mv‡j wZwb cybivq Uv½vBj `viæj Dj~g
Avwjqv gvìvmvq P‡j hvb| †mLv‡b 1972 †_‡K 1982 mvj ch©šÍ gynvwÏm I kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| 1982 mv‡j wZwb Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv cwUqvq P‡j Av‡mb| 2003 mvj †_‡K 2008
mvj ch©šÍ Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv cwUqvq mnKvix cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi ci 2008 mv‡j D³
Rvwgqvi gnvcwiPvjK g‡bvbxZ nb| wZwb `xN© 20 eQi hver mnxn eyLvix Ges wZiwghx kix‡di `vim w`‡q
hv‡”Qb| `y‡ev©a¨ welq mnRfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi we¯§qKi `ÿZv, gvZ…fvlvq g‡bvgyM×Ki Dc¯’vcbv Ges
†kÖwYi me©¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©xi †evaMg¨ I DcKvix we‡kølY Zvi cvV`v‡bi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨|
G QvovI wZwb 1982 †_‡K D³ Rvwgqvq gyLcvÎ gvwmK AvZ-ZvInx‡ì cÖavb m¤úv`K, KIgx gvìvmv
wkÿv‡evW© AvÄygv‡b B‡Ënv`yj gv`vwim evsjv‡`‡ki gnvmwPe I c`vwaKvi e‡j Avj-nvBAvZzj Dwjqvi ¯’vqx
KwgwUi m`m¨, evsjv‡`k Zvndxhyj KziAvb ms¯’vi mfvcwZ, Bmjvgx m‡¤§jb ms¯’v evsjv‡`‡ki mfvcwZ
Ges kvnRvjvj Bmjvgx e¨vsK wjwg‡U‡Wi kixqvn mycvifvBRvwi KwgwUi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|
wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm kvn gynv¤§` Bmnv‡Ki wbKU evqAvZ MÖnY K‡ib Ges †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib| Zvi
Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi †Qvqvq AMwYZ gvby‡li ü`‡q Cgv‡bi Av‡jvq D™¢vwmZ n‡”Q|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv eyLvix nv`xmkv¯¿ cVb-cvVb, Aa¨vcbv QvovI MÖš’ iPbvi †ÿ‡ÎI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb
†i‡L Pj‡Qb| Zvi iPbvi g‡a¨ 1. ZvmwnjyZ Z¡nvfx; 2. Zvmwnjyj Dmyj; 3. ZvmwnjyZ wZiwghx; cªf„wZ,
nv`xm welqK MÖš’|237
gvIjvbv wmÏxKzi ingvb [Rb¥: 1946 wLª.]
cwiwPwZ-wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmÏxKzi ingvb| wZwb 1946 mv‡ji 5 gvP© ev‡MinvU †Rjvi
AšÍM©Z †gvjøvinvU _vbvaxb †Kvbvwbqv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg
gynv¤§` gvKmy`yj nK| wZwb wbR MÖv‡gi g³‡e †jLvcov ïiæ K‡ib Ges ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cvV
mgvß K‡ib| AZtci MInviWv½v gvìvmvq wgkKvZ ch©šÍ mgvß K‡ib| Zvic‡i wZwb Rv‡gqv KziAvwbqv
Avivweqv jvjevM gvìvmv †_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm Ges Zvdmxi mgvß K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1964 mv‡j
jv‡nvi Rv‡gqv Avkivwdqvq Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b dzbybvZmn wØZxq evi `vIiv‡q nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib|
wZwb mnxn eyLvix (cÖ_g LÐ) Aa¨qb K‡ib gvIjvbv †n`vqvZzjøvn (in.) I kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv
AvwRRyj nK (in.) Gi wbKU; Avi eyLvix (wØZxq LÐ) Aa¨qb K‡ib gvIjvbv Øxb †gvnv¤§` Lvb (in.) Gi
wbKU| Avi cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rv‡gqv Avkivwdqvq mnxn eyLvix Aa¨qb K‡ib gvIjvbv B`wim Kv›`jfx (in.)
Gi wbKU, mybvb wZiwghx Aa¨qb K‡ib gvIjvbv im~j Lvb (in.) Gi wbKU| AZtci wZwb †`‡k P‡j
Av‡mb| cieZx©‡Z wZwb cybivq D”PZi Dj~gyj nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi Rb¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvIjvbv BDmyd evbbyix
(in.) Gi mvwbœ‡a¨ Mgb K‡ib| cvwK¯Ívb _vKvKvjxb wZwb GBP.Gm.wm cvm K‡ib Ges KivPx fvwm©wU
†_‡K A_©bxwZi Ici Abvm© cvm K‡ib|238
237 mvÿvrKvi: 15.11.2020wLª. Z`xq eo †Q‡j gvIjvbv †iRvDj Kixg eyLvix ‡_‡K DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
238 gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡jK m¤úvw`Z, eÜb (2002C dzhvjv ¯§viK), XvKv: Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqvi ZvKwgj RvgvZ-2002, c„. 15
435
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wd‡i G‡m cÖ_‡g wZwb MInviWv½v gvìvmvq `xN© w`b
wkÿKZv K‡ib| AZtci 1981 mv‡j XvKv dwi`vev` gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZb eQi
wkÿKZv K‡ib| 1984 mv‡j †hvM`vb K‡ib Kvgivw½iPi gvìvmvq| †mLv‡b `xN© w`b gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
nv`x‡mi cvV`vb K‡ib| G mgq wZwb m‡e©v”P Djvgv-cwil‡ì mvsMVwbK †m‡µUvix wbhy³ nb Ges †edvK
(KIgx gvìvmvi wkÿv‡evW©) Gi bv‡q‡e bv‡hg wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci `viæi ivkv` wgicyi
gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| ZvQvov wZwb `viæm mvjvg wgicyi gvìvmv I Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv
Avivweqvq nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb| wgicyi-12 gymwjg evRvi gvìvmvq nv`x‡mi `vim w`‡”Qb| Gi
cvkvcvwk wZwb Avj-Avivdvn Bmjvgx e¨vsK Gi kixqv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡i‡Qb|239 gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wmÏxKzi ingvb my`xN© cÖvq 50 eQi hver eû cÖwZôv‡bi kvqLyj nv`xm
wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g AMwYZ evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` m„wó‡Z Abb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb|
gvIjvbv dwi` DÏxb gvmD` [Rb¥:1950 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv dwi` DÏxb gvmD` wK‡kviMÄ †Rjvi ZvivBj _vbvaxb †ejsKv MÖv‡gi GK
m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 1950 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Rbve Avãyi ikx` mgv‡Ri GKRb me©Rb
kÖ‡×q e¨w³Z¡, cwÐZ bv‡g mycwiwPZ, gva¨wgK ¯‥z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK Ges cieZx©‡Z Rvwgqv Gg`vw`qvi
evsjv wkÿK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zvi gvZv mvwq¨`vn AvwRgyb-wbmv AZ¨šÍ `xb`vi-ci‡nRMvi,
evsjv-dvmx©‡Z mymvwnwZ¨K wQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : mywkwÿZ wcZv-gvZvi ZË¡veav‡b cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j gvIjvbv gvmD‡ì †jLv-covi
nv‡ZLwo| wZwb cÖv_wgK cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ 1957 mv‡j Rvwgqv Gg`vw`qv wK‡kviM‡Ä fwZ© nb| G cÖwZôvb
†_‡K 1968 mv‡j `vIivq nv`xm cvm K‡ib| D‡jøL¨, wkÿvRxe‡bi ïiæ †_‡K †kl ch©šÍ KLbI †Kvb
†kÖwY‡Z Zv‡K wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi Ki‡Z nqwb; eis me©`vB cÖ_g nIqvi K…wZZ¡ wZwb AR©b K‡i‡Qb| Zvi
wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ wK‡kviM‡Äi kvqLyj nv`xm gydwZ gynv¤§` Avjx, gvIjvbv ingvZzjøvn, gvIjvbv KzZzeyÏxb,
gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx, gvIjvbv AvZnvi Avjx, Rv‡gqv kviCqv gvwjev‡Mi gvIjvbv KvRx gyÔZvwmg
wejøvn (in.) cÖg~‡Li bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| AZtci D”Pwkÿv MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb 1974 mv‡j
fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b Avevi wZwb `vIiv‡q nv`xm cvV m¤úbœ K‡ib| Z_vq
Zvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv kixdzj nvmvb, gvIjvbv dLiæj nvmvb gyiv`vev`x, gynv¤§` nvmvb wenvix,
gvIjvbv bvCg, gvIjvbv Avãyj Avnv`, gvIjvbv kvqL bvwmi Avngv` Lvb cÖgy‡Li wbKU wmnvn wmËvnmn
Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : QvÎ Rxeb †kl K‡i 1968 mv‡j wZwb Rvwgqv Gg`vw`qv wK‡kviM‡Ä
gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb 1971 mvj ch©šÍ nv`x‡mi Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb|
†`k gvZ…Kvi Uv‡b wZwb 1971 mv‡j gnvb gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib| we‡klZ: wK‡kviM‡Äi fvwU AÂ‡j
mk¯¿ msMÖv‡gi msMVK wn‡m‡e Ae`vb iv‡Lb| †`k ¯^vax‡bi ci wZwb Avevi wd‡i Av‡mb nv`xmkv¯¿
Aa¨vcbvq| 1972 mv‡j wZwb hvÎvevwo Rvwgqv gv`vwbqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| GLv‡b
wZwb eyLvix kix‡di (wØZxq L‡Ði) evsjv fvlvq `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb| GgbwK wZwbB KIgx A½‡b me©cÖ_g
evsjv fvlvq ZvKgxj nv`x‡mi cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb K‡ib e‡j Zvi `vex| †Ìe›` †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i 1976 mv‡j
wZwb XvKvi dwi`vev` gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb gymwjg I wZiwghx kixd
cov‡Zb| 1982 mvj ch©šÍ Z_vq Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|
AZtci 1982 mv‡j wZwb gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviCqvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| mnxn eyLvix
Z_vq `vim w`‡Zb| 1988 mv‡j wZwb evwiaviv gvìvmvi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Z_vq
239 cÖv¸³, c„. 16
436
eyLvix kix‡di Aa¨vcbvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ K‡ib| 1992 mv‡j wZwb gvwjevM †P․ayixcvovi kvqLyj nv`xm
wn‡m‡e eyLvix kix‡di `vim Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| AZtci wZwb 2002 mv‡j Rvwgqv AvÔRwgqv `viæj Dj~g
ebkÖx I wgdZvûj Dj~g evÇvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZwôZ Rvwgqv BKiv
evsjv‡`‡k 2011 mvj †_‡K kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb| G QvovI Zvi Iqvb
jvBbwfwËK nv`x‡mi `vi‡m we‡k¦i 15wU ‡`‡ki gynvwÏm (QvÎ) e„›` AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb e‡j gvIjvbv
gvmD` `vex K‡i‡Qb| Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ L¨vZbvgv K‡qKRb n‡”Qb-
 nv‡dR gvIjvbv gywReyi ingvb, kvqLyj nv`xm I wcÖwÝc¨vj, `viæj Dj~g wgicyi-6, XvKv|
 gvIjvbv Avãyj ev‡Zb, kvqLyj nv`xm I wcÖwÝc¨vj, bkvmb `viæj Dj~g gvìvmv, kixqZcyi|
 gvIjvbv BmnvK dwi`x (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm I wcÖwÝc¨vj, †P․ayixcvov gvìvmv, XvKv|
 gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn †gvnv¤§` BqvnBqvn (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm, Rvwgqv kviCqv gvwjevM, XvKv|
 gvIjvbv Avey mv‡ei Avãyjøvn I gvIjvbv Avey Rvdi, gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv kviCqv gvwjevM, XvKv|
 W. gykZvK Avng`, eû nv`xm MÖ‡š’i Abyev`K I cwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k|
 gvIjvbv Aveyj evkvi, gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb, kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgqvZzj Dj~g †gvnv¤§`cyi, XvKv|
 gydZx †gvnv¤§` Avjx, kvqLyj nv`xm, AvdZve bMi gvìvmv| cÖgyL|
wZwb 1977 mv‡j BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk evsjv‡`‡ki mnKvix cwiPvjK c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| ch©vqµ‡g
wZwb Abyev`, wek¦‡Kvl, cÖKvkbv I Bgvg cÖwkÿY wefv‡Mi m¤úv`‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
Zvi iPbvejx : gvIjvbv gvmD` iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ (K.) †g․wjK iPbv 14wU, Abyev`g~jK 12wU Ges
m¤úvw`Z 4wU †gvU 30wU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| (L.) AcÖKvwkZ iPbvejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, 1. KziAv‡bi Zvdmxi
(ZiRgv, kv‡b byhyj, kãv_©, cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvnKxK-ZiKxe, Zvdmxi); 2. RvwgÔ AvZ-wZiwghxi fvl¨; 3. mnxn
eyLvixi fvl¨; 4. Avjøvni c‡i †kÖô whwb (3 L‡Ð mxivZ MÖš’); 5. †gRv‡R kiC BZ¨vw`| G QvovI †`k-
we‡`‡k G weÁ kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vim Ges cÖw_Zhkv Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` I we`» G †jL‡Ki Kjg Pj‡Q
weivgnxb MwZ‡Z| 240
gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb [Rb¥: 1950 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : hyM‡kÖô Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡ I Ava¨vwZ¥K kvqL gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb 1950 mv‡ji 5
RyjvB gqgbwmsn †Rjvi †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvaxb PiLwiPv MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gv÷vi Mvwjg DÏxb Avng` Ges gvZv dvwZgv igRvbx AZ¨šÍ ci‡nhMvi gvbyl wQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j cÖv_wgK wkÿv †k‡l gqgbwms‡ni Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq fwZ©
nb| Z_vq lô †kÖwY‡Z Aa¨qbiZ Ae¯’vq Zvi wcZv BwšÍKvj K‡ib| c‡ii eQi Zvi ggZvgqx gvZv‡K
nvwi‡q wZwb BqvZxgZ¡ eiY K‡ib| Zvici gqgbwms‡ni Rvwgqv Avivweqv Avkivdyj Dj~g evwjqv
gvìvmvq mßg †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb| AZtci wZwb Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjev‡M fwZ© nb| Z_vq
1967 mv‡j RvjvjvBb Aa¨qbKv‡j gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyixi civg‡k© wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖw_Zhkv
nv`xmwe` BDmyd webœyixi mvwbœ‡a¨ Mgb K‡ib| wZwb 1968 mv‡j Zvi Rvwgqv Dj~g~j Bmjvwgqv cvwK¯Ív‡b
wgkKvZ Rvgv‡Z fwZ© nb Ges 1969 mv‡j Zvi mKv‡k mnxn eyLvix Aa¨qb †k‡l PzovšÍ cixÿvq Ask
wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb KIgx gvìvmv †ev‡W© †gavZvwjKvq wZwb cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| 1970 mv‡j D³
gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb nv`xm kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Z_vq Zvi kÖ×vfvRb wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` BDmyd webœyix, Bw`ªm wgivVx, Iqvjx nvmvb, †n`v‡qZzjøvn, Rdi Avng` Dmgvbx, kvqL mwjgyjøvn
Lvb, gynv¤§` Kv›`vjfx (in.) cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
240 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 7 gvP© 2021 wLª. gvIjvbv dwi` DÏxb gvmD‡ì mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
437
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿv Rxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ h‡kvi †ij‡÷kb gvìvmvq †hvM`v‡bi g‡a¨
w`‡q Zvi Kg©Rxe‡bi m~ÎcvZ nq| G Qvov hvècyi I hvÎvevwo gvìvmvq wKQzw`b wkÿKZv Kivi c‡i
wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rvwgqv dviæwKqv‡Z 1973 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xmkv¯¿mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|
AZtci 1974 mv‡j hvÎvevwo gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges 1980 mv‡j wZwb D³
gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm I gynZvwgg wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb| G Qvov wZwb AvZ¥ïw× g~jK msMVb ÔgRwj‡m
`vIqvZzj nKÕ evsjv‡`‡ki Avwgi Gi `vwqZ¡ wbôvi mv‡_ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb| 3 A‡±vei 2020 mvj †_‡K
wZwb Ô†edvKzj gv`vwiwmj Avivweqv evsjv‡`kÕ Gi mfvcwZ Ges c`vwaKvi e‡j ÔAvj-nvBAvZzj DwjqvÕ
GiI ‡Pqvig¨v‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb|
AvZ¥ïw×i msMÖvg : kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xm wkÿv`v‡bi gva¨‡g AmsL¨ gynvwÏm m„wói cvkvcvwk
Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡ZI Zvi i‡q‡Q weivU AvwacZ¨| wZwb Ava¨vwZ¥K RM‡Zi D¾¡j bÿÎ Avkivd Avjx
_vbfx (in.) Gi Lwjdv gvIjvbv Aveiviæj nK (in.) Gi wLjvdZ jvf K‡ib| G QvovI wewfbœ m~‡Î
Ab¨vb¨ kvqL‡ì †_‡K ZwiK‡Zi wLjvdZ jvf K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b mvivwe‡k¦ Zvi 157 Rb Lwjdv D¤§vi
AvZ¥ms‡kva‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb| Zvi Lwjdv‡ì g‡a¨ kvqL nvmvb g~mv, †m․w` Avie; kvqL
Avjx AveŸvmx, wdwjw¯Íb; Avmv` AvRgx, fviZ; wbRvgyÏxb, cvwK¯Ívb; gvIjvbv ¸divb, _vBj¨vÛ; kvqL
Avng`, gvwj, Avwd«Kv; knx`yjøvn dviæKx, gvqwkqv BZ¨vw`| G Qvov evsjv‡`‡kI A‡bK Lwjdv I AMwYZ
Abymvix Zuvi AvZ¥ïw× msMÖv‡gi mdj dmj|
Zuvi iPbvejx : mgKv‡ji bw›`Z cyiav e¨w³Z¡, Ôgwn-Dm-mybœvnÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ G gbxlx cÖvq Aa©kZ MÖš’
iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ m¤úªwZ Zvi iwPZ Avie we‡k¦ mvov RvMv‡bv eB 1.ÔAvi-iv`yj RvwgjÕ; hv ga¨cÖv‡P¨
bvix-cyiæ‡li Aeva †gjv‡gkvi cÖwZev‡` iwPZ| G Qvov 2.Zvdmx‡i eyinvbyj KziAvb (4 L‡Ð), 3. Bmjvg
I AvaywbK ivóª wPšÍv, 4. †Zvndv‡q mybœvn, 5. gynvwÏm I dwKn Bgvg Avey BDmyd (i.), 6. bex cwiev‡ii
cÖwZ fvjevmv BZ¨vw` MÖš’ Zvi Mfxi Áv‡bi cvwÐ‡Zï ewntcÖKvk|241
gvIjvbv gbmyiæj nK [Rb¥: 1953 wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gydZx gvIjvbv gbm~iæj nK| 1953 mv‡j Lyjbvi cvBKMvQv _vbvi Kgjvcyi MÖv‡g GK
m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Avãyi inxg MvRx wQ‡jb GKRb avwg©K I m¾b e¨w³|
Avwjg-Djvgv‡ì cÖwZ Zuvi wQj Mfxi AbyivM|242
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvq covïbv ‡kl K‡i RvwgAv Avivweqv Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg gvìvmvq KziAvb
Kvixg I cÖv_wgK wKZvevw` wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| Gici D”P wkÿv A‡š^l‡Yi gvb‡m cÖ_‡g `viæj Dj~g
Lyjbvq wKQzw`b Ávbv‡š^lY K‡ib| AZtci wZwb RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg MniWv½vq fwZ© nb|
Gici jvjevM RvwgAv †_‡K m‡e©v”P ¯Íi ZvKgxj (nv`xm) m¤úbœ K‡ib| Z_vq hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏm gvIjvbv
wn`vqvZzjøvn (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in.), gydZx Avãyj gyCR (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyj
gvRx` (in.) I gvIjvbv mvjvûÏxb (in.) cÖgyL kxl©¯’vbxq AvwjgM‡Yi mvwbœ‡a¨ †_‡K Zv‡ì wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb jvjevM Rvwgqvq gydZx Avãyj gyC‡hi mvnP‡h© †_‡K (ZvLvmmyj wdj wdKn) `yB
eQ‡i Bmjvgx AvBb kv¯¿ m¤úbœ K‡ib Ges wdKn-dvZvIqvq Mfxi cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib|243
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿv Rxeb †k‡l 1977 mv‡j jvjevM RvwgAvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM
jvf K‡ib| wKQz w`‡bi g‡a¨B Zvi ì‡mi myL¨vwZ cy‡iv gvìvmvq Qwo‡q c‡o| 1982 mv‡j jvjevM
241 M‡elK 06 †deªæqvwi 2021 Zvwi‡L mvÿvrKv‡ii gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb; ZvKwgj we`vqx QvÎe„‡›ì Wv‡qix, Avj-
gvngy`, XvKv: Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv `viæj Dj~g gv`vwbqv, hvÎvevwo, 2020wLª., c„. 1-3
242 m¤úv`bv cwil`, Avb-byKvev, `vIiv‡q nv`xm ¯§„wZ ¯§viK 2015-16, XvKv: RvwgÔAv ivngvwbqv Avivweqv, Avjx GÛ b~i wi‡qj
G‡÷U, c„.4
243 cÖv¸³
438
Rvwgqvi bv‡q‡e gydZxi c‡` AwawôZ n‡q `k eQi Kg©iZ _v‡Kb| Gi ci Rvwgqv gynv¤§w`qv gynv¤§`cy‡i
gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| K‡qK eQ‡ii eëav‡b Av‡iv K‡qKRb weÁ Avwjg wg‡j cÖwZôv K‡ib
RvwgÔAv ivngvwbqv Avivweqv| D³ cÖwZôv‡bi m~Pbv jMœ ‡_‡KB wZwb bv‡q‡e iCm I cÖavb gydZxi c`
AjsK…Z K‡i AvmwQ‡jb| 2010 mv‡j ivngvwbqvi kvLv wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv K‡ib RvwgAvZzj Aveivi
ivngvwbqv| eZ©gv‡b wZwb D³ RvwgÔAvi kvqLyj nv`xm I cÖavb gydZx wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡i
hv‡”Qb| G QvovI gydZx gbm~iæj nK XvKvi DËiv, wgicyi, nvRvixevM, XvKvi evB‡i MvRxcyi, wmivRMÄ I
Lyjbvq ‡ek K‡qKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôvI cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb Ges wewfbœ gvìvmvq eyLvix kix‡di `vim w`‡”Qb|
iPbvejx : cvV`v‡bi cvkvcvwk gydZx gbm~iæj nK †jL‡jwL‡ZI †ek Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ agx©q
MÖ‡š’i msL¨v cÖvq Aa©kZ| Gi g‡a¨ wKZveyj Cgvb, dvZIqv‡q ivngvwbqv, Bmjvgx wh‡›`Mx, Bmjvgx
†LjvdZ aŸs‡mi cÖK…Z BwZnvm, ZzndvZzj nv`xm Ges gvhnve I ZvKjx` AwaK DcKvix BZ¨vw`
wk‡ivbv‡g wZwb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb|244 gydZx gvIjvbv gbm~iæj nK my`xN© 38 eQi hver eû gvìvmvq
eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb, MÖš’ iPbv, dZIqv cÖ`vb, IqvR-bwmnZ I e³„Zv Dc¯’vcb Ges
gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Abb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L hv‡”Qb|
W. Ave~ †bvgvb gynv¤§` iwdKzi ingvb gv`vbx [Rb¥: 1953 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : 1953 mv‡j W. iwdKzi ingvb gv`vbx245 Pvu`cyi †Rjvi nvRxMÄ Dc‡Rjvi †ejNi
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvui wcZvi bvg Rbve Avãyj gwZb Ges gvZvi bvg
†gvev‡k&kiv †eMg| †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wZwb Øxb-ag© PP©v I ag©xq wkÿvq AbyivMx wn‡m‡e eo n‡q‡Qb|
wkÿvRxeb : W. gv`vbx wkÿvRxe‡bi cÖwZwU av‡c cÖLi †gavi ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb Ges Cl©Yxq mvdj¨ AR©b
K‡ib| wZwb cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wkÿvR©‡bi ci gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W©i Aaxb h_vµ‡g 1962, 1966,
1968 I 1970 mv‡ji `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M lô, Øv`k, cÂg
Ges cÖ_g ‡kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g¯’vb jvf K‡i K…ZKvh© nb| cieZ©x‡Z 1980 mv‡j g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq,
†m․w` Avie †_‡K Ô`vIqv I Dj~gyÏxbÕ wefvM †_‡K Pvi eQi †gqv`x Abvm© †Kv‡m© K…wZZ¡c~Y© djvdj AR©b
K‡ib Ges wKs dvnv` web Avãyj Avhxh Gi nv‡Z mvwU©wd‡KU I cyi¯‥v‡i f~wlZ nb| 1981 mv‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefvM †_‡K Gg.G cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z 2014 mv‡j
Kzwóqv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ÒwcÖc¨vqvwiÝ Ad BmjvwgK `vCÕ Bb BWz‡Kkbvj, KvjPvivj, w¯úªPzqvj
Avm‡c±mÓ wel‡q wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|246
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : W. iwdKzi ingvb 1980 mv‡j biwms`xi HwZnëvnx Rv‡gqv Kv‡mwgqv
Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e 17 eQi nv`xmmn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV`vb K‡ib| AZtci 1997 mv‡j
ZvÕwgiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` wbhy³ n‡q mnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb Ki‡Qb| Gi mv‡_
2006 mv‡j wZwb evsjv‡`k Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M †Pqvig¨vb c‡` wbhy³
i‡q‡Qb| wZwb nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv, M‡elYv, `vim-Zvìxm, IqvR-e³e¨ I MÖš’ iPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq
nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î Abb¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| W. iwdKzi ingvb gv`vbx wewfbœ wel‡q GKvwaK MÖš’ iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jv- 1. Avk-wkiK, (M‡elYv msKjb cÎ-16), evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi;
2. Bmjvgx AvKx`v, meyRcÎ cÖKvkbx; 3. Bmjv‡g cvbvnv‡ii weavb, meyRcÎ cÖKvkbx; cÖf…wZ|247
244 cÖv¸³, c„.5-6

245 M‡elK 12-6-21 Zvwi‡L W. Ave~ †bvgvb gynv¤§` iwdKzi ingvb gv`vbxi mvÿvr MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
246 cÖv¸³
247 cÖv¸³
439
gvIjvbv nviæb Avj-gv`vbx [Rb¥:1954 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : 1954 mv‡ji 11 †m‡Þ¤î gvIjvbv nviæb Avj-gv`vbx j²xcyi m`‡ii hv •`qv MÖv‡g
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv UygPi gvìvmvi f~Zc~e© Aa¨ÿ, cÖw_Zhkv Avwj‡g Øxb gvIjvbv nvwdRyjøvn
(in.); whwb hv •`qvi ûRyi bv‡g mgwaK cwiwPZ| gvIjvbv gv`vbxi 8 fvB I 3 †ev‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb wØZxq|
Zvi R‡b¥i ci bvbv gvIjvbv Avkvivd Avjx (in.)248 †g‡q-RvgvB‡K mcwiev‡i UzgP‡i wb‡q Av‡mb|
wkÿvRxeb : gvIjvbv gv`vbx wcZvi wbKU cÖv_wgK Øxbx wkÿv jvf K‡ib| AZtci ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ 1965 mv‡j UzgPi gvìvmvq `vû‡g (5g †kÖwY‡Z) fwZ© nb| wZwb Zvi
wkÿvRxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡iB cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb UzgPi gvìvmv n‡Z 1971, 1973 Ges 1975
mv‡j h_vµ‡g `vwLj, Avwjg Ges dvwhj †kÖwYi †evW© cixÿvq RvZxq ch©v‡q mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq (D³
wZbwU cixÿv‡ZB) cÖ_g wefv‡M ÔcÖ_g ¯’vbÕ AwaKvi K‡ib| AZtci 1977 mv‡j wZwb †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv
Kvwgj gvìvmv n‡Z Kvwgj (nv`xm) ‡kÖwY‡Z mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|
Gfv‡e gvIjvbv gv`vbx me¸‡jv †evW© cixÿvq Amvgvb¨ K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿvi iv‡Lb; hv ‡MvUv evsjv‡`‡k GKwU
weij `„óvšÍ| Zvi wkKÿ‡ì g‡a¨, UzgPi gvìvmvq gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx, gvIjvbv gyL‡jmyi ingvb,
gvIjvbv nvwdRyjøvn, gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn Ges gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb (in.) Ges †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvi
gvIjvbv Avãyj MYx, gvIjvbv Avhxhyjøvn, gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx, gvIjvbv wmÏxKzjøvn I gvIjvbv bvwmi
Avngv` (in.) cÖgyL|
Kg©Rxeb : 1977 mv‡j Kvwgj cvm Kivi ci gvIjvbv nviæb Avj-gv`vbx UzgPi gvìvmvq cÖvq GK eQi
ch©šÍ mn mycv‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci 1979 mv‡ji †mÞ¤î ch©šÍ wmivRMÄ †Rjvi nvRx Avngv`
Avjx Avwjqv gvìvmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` wbhy³ n‡q mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb K‡ib|
g`xbv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Mgb : 1979 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m gvIjvbv gv`vbx D”PZi wkÿv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b wZwb Ô`vIqvn I DmyjyÏxb wefv‡MÕ 4 eQi Aa¨qb K‡i
Abvm© dvBbvj cixÿvq †gav ZvwjKvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 3q ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| g`xbv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Zvui cÖwm×
wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ kvqL Avãyi ingvb ûhvqdx (gmwR‡` beexi LZxe), Beivnxg AvL`vi, gvngy` dv‡q`
cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1983 mv‡j gvIjvbv gv`vbx †`‡k wd‡i UzgPi gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK
c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci 1985 mv‡j wZwb UzgPi gvìvmvq Dcva¨ÿ c‡` wbhy³ nb| cÖkvmwbK
`vwq‡Z¡i cvkvcvwk wZwb wbR iæwU‡bi evB‡iI me‡P‡q †ewk cvV`vb K‡ib| Zvi Abb¨ †hvM¨Zv Ges
AmvaviY `vim `vb c×wZi d‡j wZwb cÖwZwU QvÎ‡ì cÖavb AvKl©Y I wcÖq e¨w³‡Z¡i Avm‡b AwawôZ n‡Z
mÿg n‡q‡Qb| 1998 mv‡j gvIjvbv gv`vbx UzgPi gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e wbhy³ n‡q cÖkvmwbK k„•Ljv,
cov-‡jLvi gvb I AeKvVv‡gvMZ cÖfzZ Dbœqb mvab K‡ib| G gnvb kvqLyj nv`xm mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨
KwVb MÖš’¸‡jv‡KI mnR, mvejxj I cÖvÄj evsjv fvlvq cvV`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb| RwUj welq‡K mnRfv‡e
Dc¯’vcb KivB Zvi cvV`v‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb •ewkó¨| G Qvov RygAvi Lyrev, IqvR-bwmnZ, gvìvmv
cÖwZôv I Bmjvgx `vIqv Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡gI cweÎ nv`x‡mi evYx cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i †ÿ‡Î Abb¨ Ae`vb
ivL‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq G gbxlxi DwjøwLZ Ae`vb¸‡jv wPi ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|249
248 gvIjvbv AvkÖvd Avjx (in.); whwb AZ¨šÍ DPz gv‡ci GKwbô Avjøvni wcÖq ev›`v, UzgPi Bmjvwgqv wmwbqi gvìvmvi cÖwZôvZv
wcÖwÝc¨vj I QviQxbv ìev‡ii cÖwZôvZv kvn mydx gvIjvbv †bQvi DÏxb Avngv` (in.) Gi cÖavb Ljxdv wQ‡jb|
249 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 1.2.21 Zvwi‡L (Zvi ¯^xq wkÿK) gvIjvbv nviæb Avj-gv`vbxi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb|
440
gvIjvbv Avãyj KzÏym [Rb¥: 1955 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gvIjvbv Avãyj KzÏym Kzwgjøv †Rjvi eiæov _vbvi weRqcyi MÖv‡g 1955 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi
g½jevi iv‡Zi cÖ_g cÖn‡i GK avwg©K cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv AvjnvR¡ ev`kv wgTv Ges gv
KzjQzg †eMg |
wkÿvRxeb : †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb cÖLi †gavi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| ¯’vbxq g³‡ei cvV †k‡l g„avevRvi
gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q GMv‡iv eQi eq‡m wZwb KyiAvb Kvixg wndR m¤úbœ K‡ib Ges GL‡bB wZwb Aviex
e¨vKi‡Yi cÖv_wgK wKQz cy¯ÍK Aa¨qb K‡ib| Gici Djvgv evRvi gvìvmvq wKQzw`b †jLv cov K‡ib|
cieZx©‡Z †gLj gvìvmvq †n`vqvZzbœvû I Kvwdqv RvgvZ Aa¨qb K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn,
gydwZ mvBdzjøvn mw›Øcx I gydwZ AvwRRyi ingvb (in) Gi g‡Zv †`ke‡iY¨ Djvgv wKiv‡gi QvÎ nIqvi
†M․ie AR©b K‡ib| AZtci wZwb nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq ki‡n Rvgx †_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm ch©šÍ Qq eQi
†jLvcov K‡ib| 1977 mv‡j `vIiv‡q nv`xm mgvß Kivi ci †ek wKQzw`b †mLv‡b Zvdmx‡ii Dci we‡kl
†Kvm© m¤úbœ K‡ib| G mgq wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj KvDq~g, gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh I
gvIjvbv Avng` kwd (in.) Gi g‡Zv hyM‡kÖô nv`xmwe`M‡Yi mwbœ‡a¨ nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨qb Kivi †M․ie AR©b
K‡ib| Zvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q eo K…wZZ¡ n‡jv D¯Ív`M‡Yi `ÔyAv| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi kvqLyj
nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) e‡jb, Ô†MvUv wkÿKZv Rxe‡b Avwg gvÎ wZbRb †gavex I LuvwU QvÎ
†c‡qwQ| Avãyj KzÏym Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg|Õ G Qvov wZwb nvUnvRvix gvìvmvi gynZvwgg Avãyj Iqvnnve (in.)
Gi GKvšÍ Lvw`gI wQ‡jb| wZwb cy‡iv Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv †kÖwY‡ZB cÖ_g ¯’vb nvivbwb| wZwb kiC ÁvbvR©‡bi
cvkvcvwk ZixKZ (AvZ¥ïw×) PP©vi cÖwZI g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| †m j‡ÿ¨ QvÎRxe‡bB kvqLyj nv`xm
gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (in.) Gi nv‡Z evqAvZ nb| cieZx©‡Z Zvi KvQ †_‡K †LjvdZI jvf K‡ib| G
QvovI gvIjvbv Aveiviæj nK Ges gvIjvbv kvn Avng` kwd (in.) †_‡KI †LjvdZ jvf K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb mgvß K‡i wZwb 1978 mv‡j h‡kvi †ij‡÷kb Rvwgqv
GRvwhqv gvìvmvq nv`xmkv¯¿mn Ab¨b¨ wel‡q cvV`vb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1979 mv‡j gqgbwms‡ni
Rvwgqv Avkivwdqv gvìvmvq wmwbqi gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb eyLvix, gymwjg I
Zvdmx‡i evqhvfxmn Ab¨vb¨ wKZv‡ei `vim †`b| Gici 1980 mv‡j ivRavbx XvKvi hvÎvevox gvìvmvq
‡hvM`vb K‡i mybvb Ave~ `vD`mn Ab¨vb¨ wKZvevw` covb| me©‡kl wZwb 1985 mv‡j dwi`vev` gvìvmvq
gynvwÏm c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡i nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wewfbœ MÖš’vw` wbqwgZ cVb-cvVb Kvh©µg Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb|
1995 mv‡ji 2 †deªæqvix c`‡bœvwZ †c‡q D³ gvìvmvi gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb gynZvwgg
wn‡m‡e cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvix I wZiwghxmn Ab¨vb¨
wKZvevw` cvV`vb K‡i K‡i hv‡”Qb| G Qvov wZwb †MvjvcevM Bg`v`yj Dj~g gvìvmv I weRqcyi Avhxhyj
Dj~g gvìvmvq eyLvix kix‡di `vim w`‡”Qb| `xN©w`b hver wZwb evsjv‡`k KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv †evW©
†edv‡Ki †Kvlva¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡i‡Qb|250
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` g~mv [Rb¥ : 1955 wLª.]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : 1955 mv‡ji 1 gvP© gynv¤§` g~mv cUzqvLvjx †Rjvi evDdj Dc‡Rjvi †k․jv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ
gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Ave`yj nK nvIjv`vi Ges gvZv Kzjmyg wewe|
wkÿvRxeb : ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q Zvi cov‡jLvi nv‡Z Lwo| AZtci wZwb ewikv‡ji Pi nvmbvev`
wmwbqi gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q `vwLj ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| D³ gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb 1964 mv‡j cÖ_g
wefv‡M `vwLj (Pvniig) cvm K‡ib| Zvic‡i 1968 mv‡j wZwb cUzqvLvwji Av`gcyiv wmwbqi gvìvmv
†_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M Avwjg cvm K‡ib| wZwb 1969 mv‡j Pi KvDqv wmwbqi gvìvmv †_‡K dvwhj †kªYx‡Z
250 `vIiv‡q nv`xm (gv÷vm©) mgvcbx QvÎe„›`, Avj Bg`v` 2019, XvKv: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev`, c„. 19-20
441
cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| 1975 mv‡j wZwb eo iscyi KvivgwZqv Avwjqv gv`ªvmv †_‡K Kvwgj nv`xm
mdjZvi mv‡_ cvm K‡ib| gvìvmv wkÿvi cvkvcvwk wZwb ewikvj we Gg K‡jR †_‡K GBP Gm wm;
1975 mv‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K we G m¤§vb (wnmve weÁvb) Ges 1977 mv‡j GKB wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K Gg.Kg (wnmve weÁvb) wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
Kg©Rxeb : wZwb Zvi QvÎ Rxe‡b ivRkvnx †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZvj gmwR` 1 eQi Bgvg wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| AZtci mvBÝ j¨ve‡iUix †K›`ªxq gmwR` 3 eQi LZx‡ei `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| Zvici
1979-1981 ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi ag©xq wkÿK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1987 mv‡j
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi mnKvix cwiPvjK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges GLv‡bB wZwb Kg©Rxeb †kl K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv g~mv cÖPwjZ A‡_© †Kvb gynvwÏm bb; cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e nv`xm
cvV`v‡b Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kvb Ae`vb bv _vK‡jI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq (MÖš’ iPbvq) Zvi Ae`vb
†Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| wZwb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i eûmsL¨K MÖ‡š’i evsjv Abyev` I e¨vL¨v MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb; hv GKK
we‡ePbvq GZ‡ekx (evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK MÖš’ iPbv) KvR Avi †KD K‡i‡Qb g‡g© mÜvb cvIqv hvq
bv| hvi d‡j evsjvfvlx QvÎ, wkÿK I mvaviY RbM‡Yi Rb¨ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v mnR n‡q‡Q| G
QvovI wZwb iPbv K‡i‡Qb Aa©kZvwaK AwZ g~jëvb Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨| GB wekvj Abyev`Kg© I Bmjvgx
mvwnZ¨ fvÐvi Zvi Amvgvb¨ `ÿZvi cÖgvY; hv RvZxqfv‡e wPiKvj ¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv g~mv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ (m¤úv`bv,
Abyev` I †g․wjK) MÖš’¸‡jv n‡”QÑ K.m¤úv`bv: wmnvn Avm-wmËvi evsjv Abyev`mg~n (36 L‡Ð) m¤úv`bv
(Bdvev); L.Abyev`: mnxn eyLix, gymwjg, Avey `vD`, wZiwghx, bvmvqx, Beb gvhvn, gyqvËv Bgvg gynv¤§`
(i.) I Av`veyj gydiv` kxl©K nv`x‡mi wKZvemg~‡ni PjwZ ixwZ‡Z evsjv Abyev` BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb,
AvaywbK cÖKvkbx I BmjvwgK †m›Uvi evsjv‡`k †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| M.‡g․wjK: Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ welqK
65wU cy¯ÍK cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|251 G mKj Agi K…wZ Bmjvg wcÖq cvVKü`‡q Zv‡K hyMhyM a‡i euvwP‡q ivL‡e|
gydZx gvIjvbv wndRyi ingvb [Rb¥ :1958 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : weij cÖwZfvai, nv`xmwe`, gydwZ I cÖw_Zhkv Kjg •mwbK gvIjvbv wndRyi ingvb
1958 mv‡ji 16 GwcÖj Kzwgjøv †Rjvi jvKmvg _vbvaxb DËi nvIjv BDwbq‡bi AšÍM©Z DËi †dbyqvi
HwZnëvnx †g․jfx evwo‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gydwZ gvIjvbv gywneŸyi ingvb GKRb cÖvÁ Avwjg
I me©Rb kÖ‡×q e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb|252
wkÿv Rxeb : wkÿv Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡Z wZwb †g․jfx Avãyj gZxb (in.) Gi wbKU KziAvb wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb 1971 mv‡j ¯’vbxq cvVkvjvi cvV †k‡l †dbx miKvwi cvBjU nvB¯‥z‡j 7g †kÖwY ch©šÍ
cov‡jLv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb gywÝi nvU †nvmvBwbqv gvìvmvq `yÕeQi covi ci gwnDmmybœvn †gLj
gvìvmvq ki‡n Rvgx ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| Zvici wZwb `viæj Dj~g gyCbyj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq
`vIiv‡q nv`xm cvV m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1987 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi HwZnëvnx we`¨vcxV RvwgqvZzj
Dj~wgj Bmjvwgqvq fwZ© n‡q BdZv †Kvm© mgvß K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb cvwK¯Ívb †edvK †evW© cixÿvq
gygZvR wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ nvUnvRvix‡Z gvIjvbv Avãyj AvwRR (in.),
gvIjvbv nv‡g` (in.), gydwZ Avngv`yj nK (in.) I gvIjvbv Avng` kdx (in.) D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avi
cvwK¯Ív‡bi gydZx Iqvwj nvmvb Lvb UzsKx (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx` †bvgvbx (in.) I gydZx Avãym
mvjvg (in.) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|253
251 mvÿvrKvi: gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gymvi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q|
252 gvIjvbv wndhyi ingvb, Avj-BqvKzZ Iqvj-RvIqv‡ni, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 7
253 cÖv¸³, c„. 8-10
442
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ‡Z wZwb 1985 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxbZg Øxbx
we`¨vcxV `viæj Dj~g eiæov gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e 15 eQi nv`x‡mi `vim `vb K‡ib| Gici wZwb
2000 mv‡j Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 2002 mvj †_‡K
D³ Rvwgqvi cÖavb gydZx wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib Ges mv‡_ mv‡_ gymwjg wØZxq LÐ cvV`vb K‡i
hv‡”Qb| Gi cvkvcvwk †ZRMvI Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv †ijI‡q gvìvmv Ges `viæj Dj~g gmwR`yj AvKei
Kg‡cø· gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e eyLvix kix‡di `vim w`‡”Qb|254
MÖš’vejx : gvIjvbv wndRyi ingvb evsjv I Aviex fvlvq eû g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi cÖKvwkZ
MÖ‡š’i msL¨v 46wU| Zb¥‡a¨ Aviex fvlvq 15wU; hvi GK GKwU MÖ‡š’i i‡q‡Q eû LÐ| evsjv fvlvq 27wU
Ges m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb 4wU| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we‡klZ: 23 L‡Ð nvbvdx gynvwÏm I dwKn‡ì
Rxebxg~jK MÖš’ ÔAvj-ey`~iæj gyhxqv wd ZvivwRwgj nvbvwdq¨vnÕ| wKZvewU •eiƒZ †_‡K Qvcv nIqvi ci Zv
we‡k¦i nvbvwd Ijvgv RM‡Z `viæY mvov †d‡j‡Q| G‡Z Dcgnv‡`k I evsjvi we`» Avwjg‡ì Rxebx
we‡kl ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj-BqKzZ Iqvj RvIqvwni, 8 LÐ; bvmiæj jyÕjyÕD Iqvj
gviRvb, 2 LÐ; hv`yj gynZvR Bjv gymZvjvwnj wdKwnq¨vn, 5 LÐ cÖf…wZ| G Qvov evsjvq gvkv‡q‡L
Kzwgjøv; iv‡n mybœvZ; Bhvûj gymwjg; Bmjv‡g gyiZv`‡ì kvw¯Í; bvixi g~j¨vqb; gvKeyj `yÔAv cÖf…wZ Zuvi
gyw`ªZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ cÖwbavb‡hvM¨|255 gydwZ wndhyi ingv‡bi G wekvj m„wóKg© we`¨vbyivMx‡ì Áv‡bi
Z…òv wbevi‡Y Abb¨ f~wgKv ivL‡e|
gvIjvbv dqmj Avng` Rvjvjx [Rb¥:1958]
Rb¥-cwiwPwZ ; gvIjvbv dqmj Avng` Rvjvjx256 GKRb wePÿY gynvwÏm, M‡elK I †jLK| wZwb 1958
mv‡j wm‡jU †Rjvi weqvbxevRvi _vbvaxb myRjv-mydjv bw›ìdj MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i
Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Rbve Rg‡k` Avjxi †R¨ô cyÎ| Zvi wcZv GKRb Avwe` †jvK wQ‡jb|
wkÿvRxeb : evj¨Kv‡j cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j gvIjvbv Rvjvjxi †jLvcovi nv‡ZLwo nq| AZtci ¯’vbxq
we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| wK‡kvi eq‡m wZwb weqvbx evRvi _vbvi †gIqv¯’ evnv`yicyi
Rvjvwjqv gvìvmvq Kvwdqv Rvgv‡Z fwZ© nb| AZtci Kvwmgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq wgkKvZ RvgvZ Aa¨qb
K‡ib| Zvici 1984 mv‡j XvKv `wÿY †MvcvjM‡Äi Rv‡gqv †nvmvBwbqv †_‡K ZvKgxj (`vIivq nv`xm)
RvgvZ m¤úbœ K‡ib| wZwb ïayy KIgx avivq covïbv K‡iB ÿvšÍ nbwb; eis 2002 mv‡j XvKv Avwjqv
gvìvmv †_‡K K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cÖ_g wefv‡M dvwhj Ges 2004 mv‡j XvKv †nvmvBwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv
†_‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Kvwgj nv`xm cvm K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : cÖvwZôvwbK cov‡jLv †k‡l weqvbx evRv‡ii evnv`yicyi Rvjvwjqv
gvìvmvq wkÿZvi ga¨w`‡q Zvi Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv| AZtci 2000 mv‡j wZwb `viæj Dj~g wgicyi-13
gvìvmvq wmwbq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| ZLb †_‡K gymwjg kixdmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb
K‡i hv‡”Qb| Gi cvkvcvwk wZwb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb †jLK, M‡elK I MÖš’Kvi|
evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK jÔwimvP© †m›Uv‡iiI wZwb GKRb Bmjvgx AvBb M‡elK|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv dqm Avng` Rvjvjx MÖš’ iPbvqI †ek AMÖMvgx| BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb I Ab¨vb¨
cÖwZôvb KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ †h mKj MÖ‡š’i Abyev`, msKjb I m¤úv`bvi mv‡_ Zvi Ae`vb Rwo‡q Av‡Q, Zvi
ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë n‡jv-1. mnxn eyLvixi e½vbyev` m¤úv`bv (Bdvev); mnxn gymwj‡gi e½vbyev` m¤úv`bv
(Bdvev); gyKvÏvgvq wgkKvZ (Abyev‡ì m¤úv`bv); gvhvwn‡i nK(wgkKv‡Zi fvl¨MÖ‡š’i Abyev` I
m¤úv`bv); d‡Zvqv AvjgMxix (AvswkK-Abyev`, Bdvev); nv`xm I gvmvB‡j Avnbvd (msKj I Abyev`,
254 cÖv¸³, c„. 12

255 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK KZ©„K 28.8.2020 Zvwi‡L gydwZ wndhyi ingv‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` msM„nxZ n‡q‡Q|
256 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK KZ©„K 23.12.2020 Zvwi‡L mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vw` msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q|
443
Bdvev); •`bw›`b Rxe‡b Bmjvg, AvswkK, Bdvev; Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, (mvnvex‡ì Rxebx Ask) Bdvev;
wmivZ wek¦‡Kvl, AvswkK, Bdvev; wdKn wek¦‡Kvl (AvswkK) evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK jÔwimvP© †m›Uvi;
cÖf„wZ|257 gynvwÏm Rbve Rvjvjx my`xN© 36 eQi hver `vim-Zvìx‡mi gva¨‡g evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` m„wó
Ges cvkvcvwk †jLv-‡jwLi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq †ek Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb| `qvgq Zvi Kj‡g
Av‡iv mg„w× `vb Kiæb|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb [Rb¥: 1959 wLª.]
Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb258 Kzwgjøv †Rjvi eo–iv _vbvaxb cÎ-cjø‡e my‡kvwfZ GK
wbf…Z cjøx gyivevRvi MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 28 Rvbyqvwi 1959 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi
gvZv gymv¤§vZ Kvixgyb wbmv AZ¨šÍ `xb`vi, Av‡e`v, mv‡jnv Ges wcZv AvjZvd Avjx GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ I
me©Rb kÖ‡×q e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb |
wkÿvRxeb : •kk‡e gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb ¯’vbxq gyivevRvj dqRyj Dj~g gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wZwb AÎ
gvìvmvq wn`v‡qZzb bvû RvgvAvZ ch©šÍ covi ci wndR wefv‡M fwZ© n‡q gvÎ GK eQi mvZ gvm Qq
w`‡b wndRyj KziAvb m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci 1972 mv‡j wZwb PÆMÖv‡gi †gLnj gvìvmvq Kvwdqv;
Zvic‡i 1974-1976 mvj ch©šÍ nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq wgkKvZ RvgvAvZ ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| Ávb wccvly
G wkÿv_x© D”P wkÿv jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨ fvi‡Zi †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_vq wZwb 1976-80 mvj
ch©šÍ RvjvjvBb †_‡K `vIiv nv`xm ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| D‡jøL¨, G †gavex Avwjg wkÿv Rxe‡b KLbI
wØZxq ¯’vb AR©b K‡ibwb| Zvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ †gLn‡ji gvIjvbv mvBdzj Bmjvg I gydwZ dqRyjøvn,
nvUnvRvixi gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Avjx I gvIjvbv Avng` kdx, †Ìe‡›ì gvIjvbv Kvix •Zqë, gvIjvbv
bvmxi Avngv` Lvb, mvC` Avng` cvjbcyix (in.) cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : ‡Ìe›` †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb 1980 mv‡j Rv‡gqv
Gg`v`xqv wK‡kviMÄ gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb †mLv‡b 1988 mvj ch©šÍ `xN© AvU
eQi Øxwb Áv‡bi wewfbœ kvLvq `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib; we‡klZ: wgkKvZ kixd, mnxn gymwjg, mybvb Avex
`vD` I mybvb Beb gvRvn mn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ mybv‡gimv‡_ Aa¨vcbv Ki‡Qb| AZtci wZwb 1989
mv‡j kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` XvKvi `viæi ivkv` gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges eZ©gvb ch©šÍ mnxn eyLvixmn
nv`x‡mi Ab¨vb¨ wKZv‡ei cvV`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L‡Qb| G QvovI wZwb wgicyi gwnjv gvìvmv,
evqZzm mvjvg gvìvmv, XvjKvbM‡ii Rv‡gqv nvKxgyj D¤§Z gvìvmv, Rv‡gqv Avwgb †gvnv¤§` BZ¨vw`
gvìvmvq (AwZw_) kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| Zvi G `xN© 41 eQ‡ii
wkÿKZvi Rxe‡b AmsL¨ Avwjg, gynvwÏm m„wó n‡q‡Q, hviv wewfbœ wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV`vb K‡i
hv‡”Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ K‡qK Rb n‡”Qb- gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx, kvqLyj nv`xm, eigx gvìvmv, kÖxbMi,
MvRxcyi; gvIjvbv Avey eKi, kvqLyj nv`xm, mvfvi gvìvmv, XvKv; gvIjvbv b~iæj Avjg, gynvwÏm,
Bmjvgcyi gvìvmv, gqwgbwmsn; gvIjvbv ZvRyj Bmjvg, gynvwÏm, LvMWni gvìvmv, gqgbwmsn; gydwZ
b~i gynv¤§`, gv`vbxbMi gvìvmv; gvIjvbv gywnDwÏb, gvIjvbv Avãyjøvn I gvIjvbv Bwjqvm, gynvwÏm,
`viæi ivkv` gvìvmv, XvKv cÖgyL|
Zvi iPbvejx : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ `vim-Zv`wi‡mi †ÿ‡Î
†hgb Abb¨ Ae`vb ivL‡Qb, wVK †Zgwb †jLbxi RM‡ZI wZwb AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Qb| GKRb Kjg
•mwbK wn‡m‡eI wZwb nv`xmkv‡¯¿i †mev K‡i hv‡”Qb| evsjv fvlvq Zvi iwPZ, Ab~w`Z I m¤úvw`Z †h
mKj nv`xmMÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ K‡qKwU wb¤œiƒc-1. bvmiæj evix kin mnxûj eyLvix, (13 L‡Ð
257 cÖv¸³
258 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 19-06-2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingv‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb|
444
Ab~w`Z); 2. gymwjg kixd, (6 L‡Ð Ab~w`Z); 3. wZiwghx kixd, (8 L‡Ð Ab~w`Z); 4. Avey `vD` kixd,
(7 L‡Ð Ab~w`Z); 5. bvmvqx kixd, (6 L‡Ð Ab~w`Z); 6. gyqvËv Bgvg gv‡jK (in.); 7. gyqvËv Bgvg
gynv¤§` (in.); 8. mybvb Beb gvRvn (cÖ_g LÐ Ab~w`Z); 9. wgkKvZ kixd (8 L‡Ð Ab~w`Z); 10. dvBhyj
gybCg I 11. evqvbym mybvb BZ¨vw`|259
gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb [Rb¥ : 1959 wLª.]
Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb gqgbwmsn †Rjvi Md&dvi MvuI _vbvaxb KvRv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ
gymwjg cwiev‡i 1 gvP© 1961 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv †g․jfx Avãyj gvbœvb GKRb me©Rb kÖ‡×q
e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb|
wkÿvRxeb : •kk‡e gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb 260 ¯’vbxq we`¨vj‡q cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ gvBR evwo
kvgmyj Dj~g wmwbqi gvìvmvq `vwLj Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| AZtci 1971 mv‡j wZwb eo
KvUviv AvkÖvwdqv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q kin Rvgx ch©šÍ wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| Zvici 1975 mv‡j wZwb
dwi`vev` gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q kin †eKvqv, wgkKvZ, RvjvjvBb I `vIivq nv`xm ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib|
Ávb wccvly G wkÿv_x© †`‡k mxgvbv Qvwo‡q fvi‡Zi †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| 1980-1982 mvj ch©šÍ
wZwb Z_vq c~bivq `vIiv nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ eo KvUivi gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` Avjx, gvIjvbv Zvdv¾yj nK, gydwZ gywnDÏxb, Avãyj Lv‡jK cÖgyL| D‡jøL¨, wZwb Zvi
wkÿvRxe‡bi mKj ¯Í‡i cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : ‡Ìe›` †_‡K †`‡k wd‡i gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb 1982 mv‡j
dwi`vev` Rv‡gqv Gg`v`yj Dj~g gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb Bjwg `x‡bi wewfbœ
kvLvq `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb AÎ cÖwZôv‡bi bv‡q‡e gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk
wgkKvZ, mnxn gymwjg (1g), eyLvix (2q) mn Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L‡Qb|
Zvi iPbvejx : kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb evsjv fvlvq Zvi iwPZ I Ab~w`Z †h mKj MÖš’
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q Zb¥‡a¨ nv`xmMÖš’ `yÕwU-1.kvgv‡q‡j wZiwghx, gynv¤§v`x KzZzeLvbv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ; 2.
gvÔAvwidzj nv`xm, `viæj wKZve cÖKvkbx †_‡K cÖKvwkZe¨|
W. gvIjvbv KvdxjyÏxb miKvi mv‡jnx [Rb¥ : 1961 wLª.]

Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` KvdxjyÏxb miKvi mv‡jnx bxjdvgvix †Rjvi †Wvgvi _vbvaxb wPjvnvUx
wbR‡fvMWveyix miKvi cvov MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 1 gvP© 1961 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi
gvZv gymv¤§vZ Kvgxjv LvZzb Ges wcZv gynv¤§` Av‡mgyÏxb miKvi GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ wPwKrmK I me©R b
kÖ‡×q e¨w³Z¡ wQ‡jb|
wkÿvRxeb : •kk‡e gvIjvbv mv‡jnx ¯’vbxq wPjvnvUx Rv‡gDj Dj~g dvwhj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wZwb D³
cÖwZôvb †_‡K cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK Ges D”P gva¨wgK wkÿv K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ mgvß K‡ib| 1975 mv‡j wZwb
`viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q `vIivq nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr
Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ 1982 mv‡j dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| AZtci
1984, 1985, 1987 Ges 1989 mv‡j h_vµ‡g Kvwgj nv`xm wdKn, Zvdmxi Ges Avè wefvM †_‡K
wZwb cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i weij cÖwZfvi ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb RvZxq
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aaxb BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z ¯œvZ‡KvËi wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb Kzwóqv
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Gg.wdj. Ges wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ kvqLyj
nv`xm gvIjvbv wbqvh gvL`yg †LvZvbx (in.), gvIjvbv kixd gynv¤§` Avãyj Kv`xi (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi
259 cÖv¸³
260 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 19-06-2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv gwZDi ingv‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
445
ie Lvb (in.), gvIjvbv gydZx Av.g.g Avngv`yjøvn (in.), gvIjvbv wiÌqvbyj Kvixg (in.), gvIjvbv
Avãyj Kvwì (in.), gvIjvbv mydx Avãyi ikx` (in.), gvIjvbv iæûj Avgxb div‡qRx (in.), gydZx
AvgRv` ûmvBb (in.), W. gynv¤§` †mKv›`vi Avjx cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv mv‡jnx 1984 mv‡j QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aviex
cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci Z_vq Kvwgj Zvdmxi wefvM Pvjy n‡j wZwb wefvMxq cÖavb c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Zvici wZwb XvKv¯’ gynv¤§`cyi Kv‡`wiqv •Zq¨weqvi cÖavb gynvwÏm, avgwZ Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj
gvìvmvq Dcva¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb XvKv †bQvwiqv Kvwgj gvìvmvi Aa¨ÿ c‡`
Kg©iZ _v‡Kb|
G QvovI gvIjvbv mv‡jnx kvwšÍbMi¯’ AvwgbevM Rv‡g gmwR‡ì LZxe, †m›Uªvj kixqvn KvDwÝj Ges †ek
K‡qKwU Bmjvwg e¨vs‡Ki m`m¨, Bmjvgx BÝy‡iÝ †Kv¤úvwbi kixqvn G¨vWfvBRix †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb Ges
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki Mfb©‡ii `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| gvIjvbv mv‡jnx GKRb wgwWqv e¨w³Z¡I
e‡U| wZwb evsjv‡`k †eZvi I wewfbœ †Uwjwfkb P¨v‡b‡ji fvl¨Kvi Ges Dc¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i
hv‡”Qb| Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ L¨vwZgvb K‡qKRb n‡”Qb- 1. Av.L.g. Avey eKi wmÏxK, wcÖwÝc¨vj `viæbbvRvZ
wmÏxwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, 2. gvIjvbv •Zqeyi ingvb (i.), cÖavb gynvwÏm QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmv; 3.
gvIjvbv Lwjjyi ingvb †bQvivev`x, wcÖwÝc¨vj SvjKvwV Gb.Gm. Kvwgj gvìvmv; 4. W. Iqvwj Djøvn,
Aa¨vcK, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq; 5. W. †Mvjvg ieŸvbx, Aa¨vcK, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq; 6. W. gvneyeyi ingvb,
Aa¨vcK, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq; 7. W. gwdRyi ingvb, Aa¨vcK, Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq, cÖgyL|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv mv‡jnx wjwLZ G hver †gvU 17wU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨Ñ1. cÖwm× Qq nv`x‡mi
BgvgM‡Yi BRwZnv`: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv (GwU Zvi AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP.wW M‡elYv Awfm›`f©); 2. Bgvg eyLvwi
(i.) Gi BRwZnv`: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv (GwU Zvi AcÖKvwkZ Gg.wdj M‡elYv Awfm›`f©); 3. cweÎ KziAvb I
mybœvni Av‡jv‡K k‡e evivÕAvZ; 4. wek¦bex (mv.) Gi iIhv gyeviK whqviZ I g`xbv gybvIqvivi dhxjZ; 5.
hghg Kz‡ci BwZK_v; 6. cweÎ KziAvb mybœvni Av‡jv‡K mwPÎ mnxn Ah~-bvgvh; 7. 113 gvmAvjvq weåvwšÍi
mgvavb; 8. nv`xm wekvi` I Ijx‡q Kvwgj Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (i.) BZ¨vw` D‡jøL‡hvM¨|261
gvIjvbv Avng` gvqg~b [Rb¥ : 1962 wLª.]

bvg I cwiPq : 1962 mv‡j gvIjvbv Avng` gvqg~b †bvqvLvjx †Rjvi nvwZqvi AšÍM©Z `wÿY MvgQvLvjx
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv nvRx Avjx gyZ©yRv GKRb ag©civqY e¨w³Z¡|
wZwb cÖv_wgK wkÿv Zvi cwievi I ¯’vbxq wkÿv cÖwZôvb †_‡K MÖnY K‡ib|
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK Avng` gvqg~b 1977 mv‡j wZwb dqRyj Dj~g gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| GLv‡b wZwb Pvi
eQi †jLvcov K‡ib| 1981 mv‡j wZwb nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq ki‡n Rvgx Rvgv‡Z fwZ© n‡q 1984 mv‡j
wgkKvZ RvgvZ mgvß K‡ib| D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb 1984 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m `viæj Dj~g †Ìe‡›` fwZ©
nb Ges Z_vq wgkKvZ †_‡K `vIiv nv`xm ch©šÍ mgvß K‡ib| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ nvwZqvi
gydwZ mvB`yj Bmjvg nvUnvRvix‡Z gvIjvbv Avng` kdx, gydwZ Avng`yj nK, kvqL Avng` Ges `viæj~g
†Ìe‡›` bvwmi Avng`, Avãyj nK AvRgx, †bÕgvZzjøvn AvRgx, KvgiæwÏb Avng` †M․icyix, Avikv`
gv`vbx, wmivRyj nK I gynv¤§` †nvmvBb wenvix (in.) cÖgy‡Li wbKU nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿv jvf K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 1988 mv‡j Rvwgqv kviBqv gvwjev‡M mnKvix Aa¨vcK c‡` wbhy³
nb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb wmwbqi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e ZvKwgj Rvgv‡Z gymwjg kixd mn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i
cvV`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb| G Qvov wZwb gviKvhyj Dj~g XvKvq 12 eQi hver eyLvix kix‡di `vim cÖ`vb
Ki‡Qb| Zvi cÖwm× QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ kvqLyj nv`xm gvmD`yj Kvixg, U½x `viæj Dj~g †PivMAvjx XvKv, Avãyj
261 evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK ÷vwWR †dvivg KZ©„K W. KvwdjyÏxb mv‡jnx‡K msea©bv ¯§viK, 26 †deªæqvwi, 2021
446
Av‡Li Ges hyev‡qi AvkÖvd, gynvwÏm, gviKvhyj Dj~g XvKv, gydwZ Avãym mvjvg I gvIjvbv bvwmg
AvivdvZ, gynvwÏm Rvwgqv kviBqv gvwjevM XvKv cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv gvqg~b Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk MÖš’ iPbvqI †ek Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| evsjv fvlvq Zvi
iwPZ, m¤úvw`Z I cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ1. wgkKvZ kixd, iPbv I m¤úv`bv, Bmjvwgqv KzZzeLvbv
XvKv; 2. wiqv`ym mvwjnxb iPbv I m¤úv`bv, Bmjvwgqv KzZzeLvbv XvKv; 3. eyLvix kixd, m¤úv`bv Bdvev;
4. †e‡nkZx †RIi, 5. †e‡nkZx MvInvi, 6. b~iæj Bhvn I 7. †`vqv Av‡LivBb (m¤úv`bv) cÖf…wZ|262
D‡jøL¨, gvIjvbv gvqg~b my`xN© 33 eQi Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡b nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb, IqvR-bwmn‡Zi gva¨‡g cweÎ
nv`x‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmvi Ges MÖš’ iPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| wZwb `xN© Aa¨vcbv
Rxe‡b †h mKj evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` •Zix Ki‡Qb, ZvivI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPv‡i D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
W. mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` kivdZ Avjx [Rb¥: 1962 wLª.]

bvg I cwiPq : W. mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` kivdZ Avjx 1962 mv‡j †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Kvwkqvbx _vbvaxb
wcsMwjqv MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg mvB‡q¨` gynv¤§` Avãyj
Mdyi I gvZvi bvg †gvmv¤§Z iƒcRvb wewe|
wkÿv Rxeb : wZwb wcsMwjqv BewZ`vqx gvìvmv †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©b K‡ib| Zvici bovBj †Rjvi
jv‡nvwiqv dvwhj gvìvmv Aí wKQzw`b covïbv K‡ib| AZtci †MvqvjMÖvg Avwjqv gvìvmvq 6ô †kÖwY
†_‡K dvwhj ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| wZwb 1976 mv‡j `vwLj, 1978 mv‡j Avwjg I 1980 mv‡j dvwhj
‡kÖwYi †K›`ªxq cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M K„wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| AZtci QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv
†_‡K Kvwgj nv`xm wefv‡M Aa¨qb K‡i 1982 mv‡ji †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z
cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| Zvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv wbqvR gvL`yg †LvZvbx (in.), kixd Avãyj Kvwì
(in.), Av.g.g. Avngv`yjøvn (in.), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvgRv` ûmvBb mv‡ne (in.), gvIjvbv gydZx gy¯Ívdv
nvwg`x (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvb (in.), gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj Kvwì (in.) cÖgyL| Zvici gvIjvbv
kivdZ Avjx XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K cÖvB‡fU wWwMÖ (cvm) cixÿv †`b| cieZx©‡Z GKB wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K gv÷vm© †Kvm© m¤úbœ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 2009 mv‡j Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ÒBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z
†cvkvK cwi”Q`: †`k I KvjMZ weeZ©bÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : W. gvIjvbv kivdZ Avjx 1982 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤î †MvqvjMÖvg Kvwgj
gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1986 mv‡j D³ gvìvmvi gynvwÏm c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf
K‡ib| AZtci 1989 mv‡ji 1 RyjvB wZwb gv`vixcyi Avngvw`qv Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb
K‡ib| GKB eQi (1989 mv‡ji) 1 A‡±vei QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb
K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1997 mv‡j fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡i 2009 ch©šÍ GB c‡` envj
_v‡Kb| 2009 mvj †_‡K 2011 ch©šÍ fvicÖvß Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `ÿZvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 2011
mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb| Zuvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ W. KvDmvi gynv¤§` evKx
wejøvn, W. gynv¤§` ZvRyj Bmjvg, W. gynv¤§` Rvwn`yj Bmjvg, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` mg‡ki Avjx, W. gvIjvbv
†gvi‡k` Avjg, gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd †kL, gvIjvbv kvnRvjvj, gvIjvbv AvRv` ûmvBb, gvIjvbv
gwbiæj Bmjvgmn AmsL¨ nv`xmwe`| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i G gnvb †meK `xN© 39 eQi hver evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
Aa¨vcbvi gva¨‡g †h mKj nv`xmwe` •Zwi K‡i‡Qb Ges Ki‡Qb ZvivI nv`x‡mi cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g
Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
262 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 28.12.2020 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Avng` gvqg~‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vewj AeMZ n‡q‡Qb|
447
wewfbœ c‡` Zuvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb : wZwb QviQxbv gvìvmv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ gvwmK Kzuwo gyKzj I cvwÿK ZvejxM
cwÎKvi m¤úv`K, evsjv‡`k Rwgq‡Z wnheyjøvni bv‡R‡g AvÕjv, evsjv‡`k Øxwbqv gvìvmv †ev‡W©i fvBm
†Pqvig¨vb, RwgqvZzj gy`viwimx‡bi mnmfvcwZ, wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi RwgqvZzj gy`viwimx‡bi mfvcwZ Ges
QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvi eZ©gvb Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb|
‡jLv‡jwL : m„Rbkxj †jLK I M‡elK W. mvB‡q¨` kivdZ Avjx iwPZ eû cÖeÜ wewfbœ M‡elYv I Bmjvgx
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Zvi iwPZ AcÖKvwkZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-
1. ÔBmjv‡gi `„wó‡Z †cvkvK cwi”Q`: †`k I KvjMZ weeZ©bÕ GwU Zvi AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©|
2. ÔnvivKvZzZ ZvkKxK wd mybœvwZb beweq¨vn: Avk-ïenv Iqvj gvÕAvjvZÕ GwUI Zvi Aviex fvlvq iwPZ
(AcÖKvwkZ) nv`xm welqK MÖš’| hvi gva¨‡g mybœvn Gi e¨vcv‡i m‡›`n-mskq `~i Kivi cÖqvm Pvjv‡bv
n‡q‡Q|263
gvIjvbv w`jvIqvi †nvmvBb [Rb¥: 1962 wLª.]
Rb¥ I esk : 1258 mv‡j nhiZ kvnRvjvj Bqvgvbx (in.) 360 Rb mv_x wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡ib|
Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb †gvjøv wÌqvb kvn (in.)| ZviB Aa¯Íb GKv`k cyiæl n‡jb gydZx w`jvIqvi
†nvmvBb| wZwb gvIjvbv Øxb gynv¤§` (in.) Gi Ji‡m Kzwgjøv †Rjvi jvKmvg _vbvaxb ev›`yqvBb MÖv‡gi
†gvjøvevox‡Z 1962 gZvšÍ‡i 1966 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|264
wkÿv Rxeb : 1967 mv‡j ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ 1974 mv‡j Rvwgqv †nvmvBwbqv
gv`vwbqv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q †n`v‡qZzbbvû ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| Zvici 1979 mv‡j Puv`cyi kvnivw¯Í
_vbvaxb Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv †Loxûi gvìvmvq ki‡n †eKvqv ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1982
mv‡j Rvwgqv KziAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjev‡M fwZ© n‡q Pvi eQi Aa¨qb †k‡l 1985 mv‡j wZwb `vIiv‡q
nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib| D”PZi wkÿv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wZwb 1985 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi KivPx‡Z Mgb K‡ib|
†mLv‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©e„nr Bmjvgx wkÿv‡K›`ª Rvwgqv `viæj Dj~g KivPx‡Z ZvLvmmym wdj wdKnx Iqvj
BdZv wefv‡M fwZ© nb Ges we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡, gydZx Z¡Kx Dmgvbx Gi ZË¡veav‡b my`xN© 11
eQi wdKn wel‡q D”PZi M‡elYv K‡ib| AZtci nvbvdx wdK‡ni g~jbxwZ welqK GK Abe`¨ MÖš’ ÒAvj
Avkevn Iqvb bvhvwqiÓGi (M‡elYvcÎ) e¨vL¨v wjwce× K‡ib; hv Qq L‡Ð AvVvikZ c„ôvi GK
wekvjvKvi wdKnx Kvq`vi e¨vL¨v MÖš’| 1991 mv‡j kvqLyj Bmjvg gydwZ ZKx Dmgvbxi Kv‡Q AvaywbK
A_©bxwZ wel‡q we‡kl †Kvm© m¤úv`b K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb cvwK¯Ívb wkÿv‡ev‡W©i Aax‡b 1987 mv‡j
Gm.Gm.wm, 1989 mv‡j GBP.Gm.wm Ges 1991 mv‡j wWwMÖ cvm K‡ib|265
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1991 mv‡j Rvwgqv `viæj Dj~g KivPx Gi Zvmbxd (iPbv wefv‡Mi)
m`m¨ wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| †`‡k wd‡i wZwb 1997 mv‡j Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv `viæj Dj~g, wgicyi -1
XvKv Gi wcÖwÝc¨v‡ji `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib Ges Rvwgqv Avkivwdqv PvivevM, mvfvi Ges `viæj Dj~g
ev›`yqvBj, Kzwgjøv Gi gynZvwg‡gi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| G Qvov Zvi ZË¡veav‡b (gviKvhyj eyûm Avj
Bmjvwgqv bv‡g) GKwU Bmjvgx M‡elYv †K›`ª cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| Zv Qvov wZwb Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv `viæj
Dj~g, wgicyi-1 Gi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨b¨ nv`x‡mi wKZv‡ei `vim cÖ`vb Ki‡Qb
Ges wmivRM‡Äi Rvwgqv Dj~g Avj Bmjvwgqv KIgx gvìvmvi cÖavb gydZxi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| 266
iPbvejx : gydZx w`jvIqvi †nvmvBb `vim-Zv`wi‡mi cvkvcvwk †jLv‡jwL‡ZI †ek Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvi
iwPZ K‡qKwU cÖwm× MÖš’ n‡”QÑ
263 mvÿvrKvi : 22.01.2021 Zvwi‡L M‡elK W. gynv¤§` mvB‡q¨` kivdZ Avjxi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb| we.`ª.: gynv¤§` KvImvi web Avãyj Mwb m¤úvw`Z, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012 (Kvwgj nv`xm), cÖv¸³, c„. 70-71
264 gydZx w`jvIqvi †nvmvBb, Bmjvg I AvaywbK wkÿv wPKrmv, XvKv: mv` cÖKvkbx ,gxicyi-1, 2020wLª., c„ 3
265 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„. 4-7
266 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„. 7-17
448
1 Avk-kviûb bvwhi, Avj Avkevn Iqvb bvhvwqi Gi KvIqvwq` As‡ki e¨vL¨v MÖš’, 10 LÐ (Aviex
fvlvq iwPZ AcÖKvwkZ KvIqv‡q`yj wdKn welqK MÖš’)
2 k‡e eivZ dx jvqjvwZj evivAvn (Aviex cvÐzwjwc)
3 k‡e eiv‡Zi ZË¡K_v (evsjv fvlvq, cÖKvwkZ)
4 Bmjvg I AvaywbK wPwKrmv (evsjv fvlvq, cÖKvwkZ)
5 AvZ-wZ¡eqvb wd jvBjvwZb wbQwd wgb kvevb (D`©y fvlvq, cÖKvwkZ)
6 Avj Rybvœ n wd ZvndxwK nv`xwm Avj nvmvb Iqvj †nvmvBb mvwq¨`v kvevwe Avnwjj Rvbœvn (Aviex
fvlvq cÖKvwkZ, cvwK¯Ívb)
7 Avj Av¤^vi Avjvj wg¤^vi (Aviex, cvÐywjwc)
8 mvbvivZzm wmivR dx gvKvbvwZj wdIqvh (Aviex, cvÐywjwc)
9 LvBiæj Kvjvg wdm mvjv‡Z Iqvm mvjvg Avjv LvBwij Avbvg (Aviex, cvÐywjwc)
10 bvqbyj Avg‡j wd BmKvwZj nvgvj (D`©y fvlvq cÖKvwkZ, cvwK¯Ívb)
11 ZvZveŸywq iæLvwmj gvhvwni Iqv AvnKvgynv (Aviex, cvÐwjwc)
12 gvRgyAvZzj dvIqvB` (Aviex, cvÐzwjwc), cÖf„wZ|
D”PZi I M‡elYvg~jK cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb : †`‡k wd‡i wZwb Zuvi wKQz NwbôeÜz‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q 1995 mv‡j
XvKvi wgicy‡i ÒgviKvhy` `vIqvn Avj BmjvwgqvÓ bv‡g GKwU bZzb avivi cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jb| AZtci
wZwb 2000 mv‡j wgicyi 1bs †mKk‡b M‡o Zz‡jb GKwU e„nr Bmjvgx cÖwZôvb| hv‡Z eZ©gv‡b `vIiv‡q
nv`xmmn (gv÷vm©) D”PZi M‡elYvg~jK wkÿvi m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡ii cuvPwU wefvM i‡q‡Q| h_v: 1. Zvdmxi
wefvM; 2. nv`xm wefvM; 3. BdZv wefvM; 4. Avè wefvM I 5. BwZnvm wefvM| 2006 mv‡j ÒgviKvhyj
eyûm Avj Bmjvwgqv XvKvÓ bv‡g Av‡iv GKwU Bmjvgx D”PZi M‡elYvg~jK cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡jb| 267
eûgyLx cÖwZfvi AwaKvix gydwZ w`jvIqvi †nvmvBb my`xN© 30 eQi hver †jLv-‡jwL, MÖš’ iPbv, gvìvmv I
Bmjvgx M‡elYv †K›`ª cÖwZôv, cVb-cvVb, M‡elYv I Aa¨vcbvi ga¨w`‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Abb¨
Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb|
gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb Avj-gv`vbx [Rb¥ : 1963 wLª.]
Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : nvwdR gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmvb j²xcyi †Rjvi ivgMwZ _vbvaxb PimxZv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ
`xb`vi gymwjg cwiev‡i 1963 mv‡ji 2 †deªæqvix Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv nvwdR ZixKzjøvn Ges gvZv
kvnRv`x †eM‡gi Pvi mšÍv‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb †R¨ô|
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ Øxwb Bjg wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ PiKjv‡Kvcv
KvivgvwZqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges D³ gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb †evW© cixÿvq 1972 mv‡j `vwL‡j
mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq cÖ_g wefv‡M wØZxq ¯’vb, 1974 mv‡j Avwj‡g cÖ_g ¯’vb, 1976 mv‡j dvwh‡j cÖ_g
¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib Ges 1978 mv‡j †bvqvLvjx KvivgwZqv Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq
cÖ_g ‡kÖwY‡Z 4_© ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1978 mv‡j nvUnvRvix gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Zvici
1979 mv‡j wZwb g`xbv Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Mgb K‡ib| 1983 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ we.G (m¤§vb) wWwMÖ
AR©b K‡ib Ges GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 1984 mv‡j mdjZvi mv‡_ Gg.G wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb gvIjvbv †Mvjvg wKewiqv, gvIjvbv iwdKzjøvn, gvIjvbv nvwdRyjøvn;
Avi‡ei W. gvngy` wmeIqvB, W. AveyeKi Avj-hvRv‡qix cÖgyL|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿv Rxeb †k‡l †m․w` miKv‡ii gyevwjøM wn‡m‡e 1988 mv‡j
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rv‡gqv AveyeKi Avj-Bmjvwgqv KivPx‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci 1989 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i
Rv‡gÕAv Kvwmwgqv gvìvmvi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb 1995 mv‡j D³ gvìvmvi fvBm
267 we.`ª.: cÖv¸³, c„ 18-19
449
wcÖwÝc¨vj wn‡m‡e c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’vw`
`vim w`‡q hv‡”Qb| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎe„‡›ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn evnvi, fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj,
wm‡jU kvnRvjvj Avwjqv gvìvmv; W. gynv¤§` BDmyd, Aa¨vcK Aviex wefvM, Xvwe; W. gvIjvbv jyrdi
ingvb, fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj, DËi evÇv Kvwgj gvìvmv; gvIjvbv gvngy`yi ingvb I gvIjvbv mvLvIqvZ
†nvmvBb, gynvwÏm, DËi evÇv Kvwgj gv`vivmv cÖgyL| Zvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ mivmwi nv`xm welqK bv
_vK‡jI KziAvb-nv`xm wbf©i K‡qKwU MÖš’ i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ 1.weÀvZ I Zvi g›` cÖfve mg~n 2. wkiK I
Zvi fqvenZv 3. Bev`v‡Zi bv‡g cÖPwjZ weÀvZ mg~n 4. mvnvev wKiv‡gi gh©v`v 5. nv‡d‡R KziAv‡bi
¸Yvewj, cÖf„wZ| GQvovI Zvi Abyev`gyjK MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨ i‡q‡QÑ 1. mnR ZvInx` 2. myiv Kvnv‡di
Zvdmxi 3. KziAvb w`‡q wb‡Ri wPwKrmv cÖf…wZ|268
gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb [Rb¥ :1964 wLª.]

cwiwPwZ : mgKv‡ji GKRb L¨vwZgvb Avwjg I nv`xmwekvi` gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb 1964 mv‡j iscyi
†Rjvi cxiMvQv _vbvi eo cvjwmqv MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
wkÿv Rxeb : cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvcbv‡šÍ wZwb ¯’vbxq gvìvmv †_‡K 1980 mv‡j `vwLj cixÿvq K…wZ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ DËxY© nb| 1985 mv‡j wZwb KIgx gvìvmv †ev‡W©i Aaxb gvwjevM Rv‡gqv kviBq¨vn †_‡K wgkKvZ
Rvgv‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| 1986 mv‡j †edvK cixÿvq `vIiv nv`x‡m cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z
wØZxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| 1989 mv‡j `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` `vIiv‡q nv`x‡m fwZ© nb Ges K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_
cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxb© nb|269
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb 1987 mv‡j eigx Rv‡gqv Av‡bvqvwiqv gvìvmvq
mnxn eyLvix, gymwjg I wZiwghx kixd cvV `v‡bi ga¨w`‡q Kg©Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| Z‡e `yB eQi
Aa¨vcbvi c‡i wZwb D”P wkÿvi D‡Ï‡k¨ `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib| AZtci 1989 mv‡j nv`xm
kv‡¯¿ D”PZi wWwMÖ wb‡q †`‡k wd‡i XvKvi Rv‡gqv gv`vwbqv ivRdzjevwoqv, †P․ayixcvov gvìvmv I Rvwgqv
kviBq¨vn gvwjevM gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e cÖvq `yB hyM nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ
iv‡Lb| eZ©gv‡b wZwb XvKvi Ab¨Zg ¯^bvgab¨ we`¨vcxV RwgqvZzj Dj~wgj Bmjvwgqv †ZRMvI‡q
nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`vb I M‡elYvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb|
Zvi iPbvejx : MÖš’ iPbvq Zvi Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨Ñ 1. eyLvix kixd (AvswkK
e½vbyev`); 2. gymwjg kixd (AvswkK e½vbyev`); 3. dqRyj evix (AvswkK e½vbyev`); 4. ÔBjvDm mybvb
(AvswkK e½vbyev`); 5. dvZIqv gvmvBj (AvswkK); 6. Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl (AvswkK); 7. Av`-`yiviæm
mvgxbvn dx gy¯Ívjvwnm mybœvn (Aviex); 8. evB‡e‡j weK„wZ: Z_¨ I cÖgvY; 9. wLªóev‡` weK„wZ: Z_¨ I
cÖgvY; 10. `wjj mn bvgv‡hi gvmv‡qj| 270 we`» GB nv`xmwekvi` `xN© 33 eQ‡ii Bjwg nv`x‡mi
Aa¨vcbv, M‡elYv I wjLbxi gva¨‡g evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe` m„wó Ges evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i
Awe¯§iYxq Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb|
gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjx [Rb¥ :1965 wLª.]

cwiwPwZ I wkÿvRxeb : gynvwÏm I mvsevw`K gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjx 1965 mv‡ji 12 †g Lyjbvi
¸gvbZjx MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Ave`ym meyi mi`vi Ges gvZv AwfRvb wewe| evjK wjqvKZ
wbR MÖv‡gi miKvwi cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿv m~Pbv K‡ib| AZtci Ck¦ixcy‡i G. †Qvenvb
eûgywL D”P we`¨vj‡q Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cov‡kvbv K‡i MInviWv½v `viæj Dj~g Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg gvìvmvq
268 mvÿvrKvi: 30.01.2021 Zvwi‡L M‡elK mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
269 gvIjvbv Avãyj gwZb, `wjjmn bvgv‡hi gvmv‡qj, XvKv: gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, GwcÖj-2011wLª., c„. (Kvfvi‡c‡Ri †jLK cwiwPwZ)
270 cÖv¸³
450
fwZ© n‡q †n`vqvZzb bvne ch©šÍ m¤úbœ K‡ib| Zvici wZwb cvk¦©eZ©x evkevwoqv gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q
RvjvjvBb kixd m¤úbœ K‡i XvKv¯’ Rvwgqv †KviAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjev‡M fwZ© nb Ges D³ gvìvmv
†_‡K `vIiv‡q nv`xm m¤úbœ K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb gvIjvbv gynv¤§v`yjøvn nv‡d¾x ûRyi
(in.), gvIjvbv †n`vqvZzjøvn (in.), kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK (in.), gvIjvbv gydwZ Avãyj
gy‡qR (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyj gwR` (in.), gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb (in.), gvIjvbv kvgmyj Avjg (in.)
cÖgyL| gvìvmvq covïbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb mvaviY wkÿvI Pvwj‡q hvb| Gm.Gm.wm‡Z wZwb h‡kvi †ev‡W©
†gavZvwjKvq gvbwe‡K 6ô Ges GBP.Gmwm cixÿvq XvKv †ev‡W© 7g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| †mB
avivevwnKZvq wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K MY‡hvMv‡hvM I mvsevw`KZvq we.G (Abvm©) I Gg.G
(gv÷vm©) m¤úbœ K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 1989 †_‡K ivRavbx XvKvi gvìvmv `viæi ivkv‡ì gynvwÏ&m I
wk¶v mwPe wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| G Qvov wZwb Rvwgqv ingvwbqv Avivweqv †gvnv¤§`cy‡ii
(LÐKvjxb) wmwbqi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e mybvb wZiwghx I Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ `vim w`‡”Qb| cvkvcvwk wZwb
bÌqvZyj Djvgv †Kw›`ªK AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvwg mvwnZ¨ ms¯’vi XvKv ey¨‡ivi †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij wn‡m‡e
KvR Ki‡Qb| m¤úv`bv Ki‡Qb gvwmK Avi-ivkv` g¨vMvwRb| 271 gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe`
•Zwii cvkvcvwk wZwb cÖPvi gva¨‡gI nv`x‡mi PP©v K‡i hv‡”Qb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎve¯’vq wZwb
•`wbK gyRvwÏ` cwÎKvq mve-GwWUi wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb RvZxq •`wbK bqv w`M‡šÍi
wmwbqi mn-m¤úv`K wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| cwÎKvwUi c_Pjv ïiæ †_‡KB wZwb Gi m‡½ hy³ i‡q‡Qb|
W. gynv¤§` Avey BDmyd Lvb [Rb¥ :1968 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiPq : cÖvK…wZK jxjvf~wg b`x Avi cvnvo †Niv e„nËi †gv‡gbkvnxi eZ©gvb †bÎ‡Kvbv †Rjvi GK
weL¨vZ Avwj‡g Øxb gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gwdR DwÏb Ges Avwe`v AvLZvi `¤úwZi N‡i 12 gvP© 1968 mv‡j
W. gydZx gynv¤§` Avey BDmyd Lvb Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
wkÿvRxeb : gydZx Avey BDmyd Lv‡bi cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j cov‡jLvi nv‡ZLwo n‡jI cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e
wZwb Rvwgqv wgdZvûj Dj~g gvìvmvq †jLvcov ïiæ K‡ib| Zvici wZwb Rv‡gqvZzj Bmjvwgqv
†gv‡gbkvnx‡Z wKQz w`b Ávbv‡š^lY K‡ib| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb XvKvi RvwgDj Dj~g Bg`vw`qv dwi`vev`
gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q kin Rvgx ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci 1978 mv‡j wZwb XvKvi weL¨vZ Øxwb wkÿv
cÖwZôvb RvwgAv KziAvwbqv Avivweqv jvjev‡M fwZ© n‡q `vIiv‡q nv`xm ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| 1985 mv‡j
`vIiv‡q nv`x‡mi †evW© cixÿvq wZwb cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z Z…Zxq ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb KIgx avivi
cvkvcvwk Avwjqv avivi wkÿv AR©‡bI eªZx nb| gbKv›`v Bmjvwgqv Avwjg gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb h_vµ‡g
1982 mv‡j `vwLj Ges 1984 mv‡j Avwjg cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| AZtci wZwb 1986 mv‡j
gy³vMvQv AveŸvwmqv Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K dvwhj Ges 1990 mv‡j miKvwi gvìvmv‡q Avwjqv †_‡K cÖ_g
wefv‡M Kvwgj wdKn wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| G QvovI wZwb 1990 mv‡j we.G. (cvm) Ges 1994 Gg.G.
†kÖwY‡Z K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| AZtci wZwb †m․w` Avi‡ei wKs mvD` wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| 1993
mv‡j D³ wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K mvwU©wd‡KU Ae cÖwdwm‡qwÝ Bb GivweK †js¸‡qR wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib Ges GKB
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K mvwU©wd‡KU †Kvm© Ae BmjvwgK kixqvi Gw·‡j›U mb` cÖvß nb| AZtci wZwb †`‡k
wd‡i 2009 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefvM †_‡K cÖ‡dmi W. Avãyj gvey` Gi ZË¡veav‡b ÒDj~gyj
nv`xm I Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ Avãyjøvn Beb †gveviK (in.) Gi Ae`vbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i
wc.GBP.wW wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ †gvnv¤§` Djøvn nv‡dw¾ ûRyi, kvqLyj nv`xm
gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, gydwZ dRjyj nK Avwgbx, cÖ‡dmi W. Avãyj gvbœvb (Xvwe), Avi‡ei W. iv‡e`x I
W. Bqvwgb Avjdx (wiqv`), cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨ |
271 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 30.12.2020 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv wjqvKZ Avjxi mvÿvZKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
451
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb wkÿvRxeb †k‡l gywÝMÄ †Rjvi Rvwgqvq nvwjwgqvq gynvwÏm c‡`
Kg© Rxe‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| AZtci Gwkqvb BDwbfvwm©wU evsjv‡`k Ges f~Zc~e© †jKPvivi ÔAviex fvlv
†Kvm©Õ evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡q wbhy³ wQ‡jb| AZtci wZwb 1989 mv‡j ZvÕgxiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj
gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| 1994 mv‡j mnKvix Aa¨vcK (Avj-nv`xm) c‡` c‡`vbœwZ
jvf K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb AÎ gvìvmvq wcÖwÝc¨vj c‡` `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk wb‡R‡K mnxn eyLvix I
gymwjg Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ †i‡L‡Qb| Zvi QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi
eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨vb cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` mvgQzj Avjg, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aviex wefv‡Mi eZ©gvb
†Pqvig¨vb cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt wbRvg DwÏb, RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mnKvix Aa¨vcK gynv¤§` Lvqiæj Bmjvg
I Avey •Zqë gynv¤§` bvRgym mvwKe cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨| wZwb `xN© 16 eQi hver nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvi
cvkvcvwk RygAvi Lyrev, mfv-‡mwgbvi, IqvR-bwmn‡Zi gva¨‡gI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I cÖPvi-cÖmvi
K‡i hv‡”Qb| GQvov W. gynv¤§` Avey BDmyd Lvb †QvU-eo wgwj‡q G ch©šÍ 19wU MÖš’ iPbv Ges 10wU
MÖ‡š’i Abyev` Kg© m¤úv`b K‡ib|272
Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` [Rb¥ :1968 wLª.]
Rb¥ I cwiPq : wewkó wkÿvwe` cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`, wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvaxb †bQvivev`
(¯îƒcKvwV) Dc‡Rjvi mey‡R †Niv GK wbf…Z cjøx †mnv½j MÖv‡g 1968 mv‡j 1jv gvP© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
Zvi wcZv Rbve myjZvb †nvmvBb (in.) AZ¨šÍ gyLwjm, `xb`vi-ci‡nRMvi e¨w³ wQ‡jb; whwb Rxe‡bi eo
GKwU mgq QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvi ‡mevq wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zvi gvZv giûgv wiwRqv
†eMgI (in.) GKRb Av‡e`v, mv‡jnv, c`©vbkxb I Zvnv¾y`¸Rvi gwnqmx bvix wQ‡jb|
wkÿvRxeb : evjK Avãyi ikx` †QvU †ejvB QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| cÖwZfvai G
†gavex wkÿv_x© cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i wkÿvRxe‡bi m‡e©v”P ch©vq ch©šÍ K…wZ‡Z¡i m¦vÿi ivL‡Z mÿg
nb| GiB avivevwnKZvq wZwb QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmv †_‡K 1980, 1982, 1984 Ges 1986
mv‡j h_vµ‡g `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj Ges Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq †gavZvwjKv AR©bmn cÖ_g wefv‡M
K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| AZtci wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K 1988 mv‡j
we.G (m¤§vb) Ges 1989 mv‡j Gg.G wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| we.G (m¤§vb) Ges Gg.G Dfq ¯Í‡i wZwb cÖ_g
†kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i weij K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| cieZx©‡Z GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K 2002
mv‡j wZwb Òkvn Iqvjx Djøvn w`njvfx : Rxeb I Kg©avivÓ wk‡ivbv‡g Awfm›`f© iPbv K‡i wcGBP.wW.
wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|
Kg©Rxeb : wkÿv Rxeb mgvß K‡i wZwb cÖvq `xN© GK hyMa‡i RvZxq •`wb‡Ki mvsevw`KZv †ckvq
wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| AZtci 1997 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M †jKPvivi c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib Ges Aa¨vcbv Rxe‡bi wewfbœ avc †cwi‡q 2006 mv‡j cÖ‡dmi wn‡m‡e c‡`vbœwZ jvf
K‡ib| wZwb 2014 mvj †_‡K 2017 mvj ch©šÍ D³ wefv‡Mi †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e mdjZvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡
cvjb K‡ib| Zuvi kZvwaK M‡elYvg~jK cÖeÜ-wbeÜ †`k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKv I Rvbv©‡j cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b 14 Rb M‡elK Gg.wdj Ges 21 Rb M‡elK wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b
K‡i‡Qb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi HwZnëvnx BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi wmwbqi cÖ‡dmi wn‡m‡e Aa¨vcbvi
cvkvcvwk wZwb W. wmivRyj nK Bmjvgx M‡elYv †K‡›`ªi cwiPvjK Ges Kwe Rmxg DÏxb n‡ji cÖ‡fvó
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| †`‡ki B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv‡Z Bmjvgx e¨w³Z¡ wn‡m‡e wZwb GKRb cwiwPZ
gyL| wZwb wewUwf, evsjv wfkbmn wewfbœ †emiKvwi wUwf P¨v‡b‡j GKRb RbwcÖq agx©q Abyôv‡bi Dc¯’vcK
I Av‡jvPK wn‡m‡eI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| wZwb GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k,
evsjv GKv‡Wgx, evsjv‡`k BwZnvm cwil` I XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq GjvgbvB G‡mvwm‡qk‡bi AvRxeb m`m¨|
272 mvÿvrKvi : 21.01.2021 Zvwi‡L M‡elK mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
452
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM G¨vjvgbvB G¨v‡mvwm‡qk‡bi cÖwZôvZv Ges wbe©vwPZ
cÖwm‡W›UI wZwb| Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqvi wZwb GKRb m¤§vwbZ wmwÛ‡KU m`m¨| G QvovI wZwb
wewfbœ e¨vsK I exgvi kixqvn mycvi fvBRvwi KwgwUi GKRb m¤§vwbZ m`m¨|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi m~Pbv jMœ †_‡K wZwb we G (m¤§vb)
Z…Zxq e‡l© wiqv`ym mv‡jnxb, PZz_© e‡l© wgkKvZzj gvmvexn Ges Gg.G †kÖwY‡Z mnxûj eyLvix I Rvwg
wZiwghx cvV`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb| Zvi (nv`xm) cvV`v‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖavb •ewkó¨ n‡”Q, ÒhLb wZwb cvV`vb
ïiæ K‡ib ZLb wkÿv_x©‡ì gv‡S weivR K‡i GK †gvnbxq w¯œ»Zv| Zvi hv`yKwi Dc¯’vcbvq wkÿv_x©iv
wcÖqbexi evYxi cÖwZ †gvnv”QbœZvq Ave× n‡q c‡o; ü`q w`‡q Zv Dcjwã Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ggwbfv‡e K¬v‡mi
mgq gyû‡Z©B †cwi‡q hvq; wKš‘ †UiB cvIqv hvq bv|Ó wZwb M‡elYvi ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡gI nv`xm PP©v
Ki‡Qb| eZ©gvb ch©šÍ Zuvi ZË¡veav‡b 14 Rb M‡elK Gg.wdj Ges 21 Rb M‡elK wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf
K‡i‡Qb| Zb¥‡a¨ †ewk wKQz w_wmm i‡q‡Q nv`xm welqK| wZwb GKRb Bmjvgx wgwWqvq e¨w³Z¡| cweÎ
nv`x‡mi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii KvR K‡i hv‡”Qb cÖwZwbqZ| Zv Qvov wZwb LZxe wn‡m‡eI †ek RbwcÖq| wZwb
RygAvi Lyrev Ges wewfbœ IqvR-gvnwdj I mfv-‡mwgbv‡i e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡gI evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L hv‡”Qb|
iPbvejx : cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` †hgb GKRb we`» M‡elK, †Zgwb GKRb wm×n¯Í †jLKI
e‡U| wewfbœ wel‡q Zvi M‡elYv, ZË¡veavqb, m¤úv`bv I iPbvi msL¨v kZvwaK| Zb¥‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨
K‡qKwU n‡”Q- 1. kvn Ijx Djøvn w`njex: Rxeb I Kg©aviv (GwU Zvi AcÖKvwkZ wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©);
2. kvqLyj nv`xm Avjøvgv wbqvR gvL`yg †LvZvbx AvZ-ZzwK©¯Ívbx (in.); 3. gvIjvbv kvn gynv¤§` Avey Rvdi
mv‡jn (in.) Gi Rxeb I Kg©; 4. gvbeZv‡eva cÖwZôvq Bmjv‡gi mvg¨ I åvZ„Z¡; 5. Øx‡bi cv‡_q; 6.
Bmjvgx AvBb I AvBb weÁvb; 7. Bmjvg I •bwZK wkÿv (6ô, 7g, 8g, 9g I 10g †kÖwY); 8. Bmjv‡g
gvbevwaKvi; 9. wdKn kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ I BwZnvm; 10. Bmjvgx `vIqvn BZ¨vw`|273
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK [Rb¥ : 1969 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj gv‡jK Kzwgjøv †Rjvi mvivkcy‡i 1969 mv‡j GK m¤£všÍ Avwjg
cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK GKRb eo gv‡ci Avwjg I Øxb`vi e¨w³
wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi cuvP fvB-‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ wØZxq|274
wkÿv Rxeb : evjK Avãyj gv‡jK gvZ„‡¯œ‡n KziAvb gvRx` I cÖv_wgK wkÿv AR©b K‡ib| AZtci wZwb
Puv`cy‡ii kvnivw¯Íi wLwonviv KIgx gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q Z_vq wZwb wgkKvZ RvgvZ ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib|
Gici wZwb 1988 cvwK¯Ív‡bi webœyi UvD‡bi Rvwgqv Dj~wgj Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges †mLvb
†_‡K ZvKgxj (gv÷vm©) m¤úbœ K‡ib| Gici wZwb H Rvwgqv‡ZB Avãyi ikx` †bvgvbxi ZË¡veav‡b wZb
eQi nv`xmkv¯¿ wel‡q D”PZi M‡elYv K‡ib| 1991 mv‡j GB M‡elYvKg© †k‡l (1992-1993) `yB eQi
`viæj Dj~g KivwP‡Z gydwZ ZvKx Dmgvbxi ZË¡veav‡b wdKn I dZIqv wel‡q M‡elYvq D”PZi wWwMÖ
AR©b K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1995 mv‡j wZwb †m․w` Avi‡ei wiqv‡` kvqL Avãyj dvËvn Avey ¸Ïvni
(g„.1998 wLª.) ZË¡veav‡b 1997 mvj ch©šÍ cÖvq AvovB eQi nv`xmkv¯¿mn Ab¨vb¨ M‡elYvg~jK Kv‡Ri
M‡elYv mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib|275
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1996 mv‡j wZwb XvKvq D”PZi Bmjvgx wkÿv I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb
gviKvhy` `vIqvn Avj Bmjvwgqvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb GB cÖwZôv‡bi wkÿvmwPe Ges Dj~gyj
273 mvÿvrKvi: 12 wW‡m¤î 2021 Zvwi‡L M‡elK mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
274 we.`ª.: gynv¤§` Avey mv‡qg, KvwjgvZzb Avb wmivwZj gynvwÏm Iqvj dwKn Avk-kvqL gynv¤§` Avãyj gvwjK Avj-Kzwgjøvqx, XvKv:
gviKvhy` `vÔIqvn, 2019, c„. 11-22
275 cÖv¸³
453
nv`xm (D”PZi nv`xm M‡elYv) Abyl‡ì cÖav‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| †hLv‡b mvaviY `vIiv‡q nv`xm
cvm Kiv wkÿv_x©iv covi my‡hvM cvq bv; eis cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK cixÿvi gva¨‡g AwZ †gavex Aí msL¨K
wkÿv_x©‡K D”PZi M‡elYvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq| 2005 mvj †_‡K gviKvhy` `vIqvn Avj Bmjvwgqvi
gyLcÎ wn‡m‡e ÔgvwmK Avj-KvDmviÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q Ges ZLb †_‡KB wZwb GB Bmjvgx M‡elYvagx©
cwÎKvi ZË¡veavqK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i hv‡”Qb| GQvovI wZwb XvKvi kvwšÍbM‡ii AvRiæb Kvixg
Rv‡g gmwR‡ì LwZe Ges RvwgqvZzj Dj~g Avj Bmjvwgqv XvKvi kvqLyj nv`x‡mi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ
i‡q‡Qb| wZwb 2012 mv‡j evsjv‡`k miKvi MwVZ KIwg gvìvmv wkÿv Kwgk‡bi GKRb m¤§vwbZ m`m¨
wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| MÖš’ iPbvqI Zvi Abb¨ Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| Zvi iwPZ 57wU MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ gvwmK AvjKvDmvimn wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvq wZwb nv`xmkv¯¿xq beD™¢vweZ weåvwšÍi
wbimbg~jK iPbvmn wewfbœ wel‡q Zvi iwPZ cÖeÜ-wbeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †h¸‡jvi gv‡S wKQz BwZg‡a¨B
MÖš’vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI wZwb evsjv I Aviex fvlvq 29 wU M‡elYvagx© †g․wjK MÖš’ iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb 13wU MÖš’| Zvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKQz MÖš’ n‡jv- 1.Zvwjeyj Bj‡gi c_ I cv‡_q;
2. D¤§vni HK¨: c_ I cš’v; 3. Zvivexi ivKvAvZ msL¨v I C‡ì bvgvR; 4. nv`xm I mybœvq bvgv‡hi
c×wZ; 5. cÖPwjZ fzj; 6. nv`xm I mybœvq Kvejvj Rygv; 7. Cgvb mevi Av‡M cÖf…wZ|276
gvIjvbv Av. L. g Avey eKi wmÏxK [Rb¥: 1970 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : wkÿvwe`, Øx‡bi GKwbô †meK, `„p‡PZv e¨w³Z¡, gvIjvbv Av. L. g Avey eKi wmÏxK;
whwb e„nËi ewikv‡ji ei¸bv †Rjvi †eZvMx Dc‡Rjvaxb †MÖ`jÿ¥xcyiv MÖv‡g 1970 mv‡ji 3 †mÞ¤î GK
m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv Avãyj MwY Ges gvZv gwiqg Lvbg|
HwZnëvnx Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥jvf Kivi myev‡` ZvKIqv‡Niv GK Øxbx cwi‡e‡k ‡e‡o I‡Vb wZwb| d‡j
evj¨Kvj †_‡KB Zvi gb‡b Bmjvgx ms¯‥…wZi Av‡jvq D™¢vwmZ I weKwkZ nq|277
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv wmÏxK ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV mgvcbv‡šÍ ingZcyi Avwjg gvìvmvq fwZ©
nb| Z_vq wZwb gvÎ GKeQi Aa¨qb K‡ib| Zvici wZwb DËi ZvjMvwQqv dvwhj gvìvmvq mßg †kÖwY
ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| †mLv‡b wZwb ch©vqµ‡g
1983 mv‡j `vwLj, 1985 mv‡j Avwjg, 1987 mv‡j dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z K„wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ DËxY© nb| 1989
mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z DËxY© nb| GQvovI wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK
÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K we G Abvm© I gv÷vm© wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|278
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv wmÏxK Gi Kg©Rxeb AZ¨šÍ Z¨vM, •ah© I GK AKz‡Zvfq
msMÖvgx RxebMv_v| wZwb Kvwgj †kl K‡i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbiZ Ae¯’vq XvKvi DcK‡Ú wbie-wbR©b
I cÎ-cjø‡e †ewóZ †Wgivi ïKzikx †Mvi¯’vb msjMœ GKwU Be‡Z`vqx gvìvmvi cÖavb wn‡m‡e 1991
mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi †hvM`vb K‡ib| †mB †_‡K wZ‡j wZ‡j M‡o IVv gvìvmv-B-`viæbbvRvZ‡K wb‡q Zvi
Aweivg c_Pjv; Zv AvRI †_‡g †bB| wZwb Zvi GKwbôZv, †hvM¨Zv I `ÿnv‡Zi wbcyb †Quvqvq
`viæbvRvZ‡K gvÎ 13 eQ‡ii gv_vq Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z DbœxZ K‡i RvZxq ch©v‡q Ávb PP©vi GKwU †kÖô
we`¨vcx‡V cwiYZ Ki‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb| †h cÖwZôvb AvR cÖvq Pvi mn¯ªvwaK Ávbv‡š^lx wkÿv_x©‡ì
c`PviYvq gyLwiZ| gvIjvbv wmwÏK cÖwZôv‡bi cÖkvmwbK kZ e¨v¯ÍZvi gv‡SI Kvwgj Rvgv‡Z mnxn eyLvix
Ges Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwY‡ZI weï× evsjvq nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim w`‡q hv‡”Qb|279
276 cÖv¸³
277 mvÿvrKvi : M‡elK 17 GwcÖj 2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Av. L. g Avey eKi wmÏx‡Ki mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj
msMÖn K‡i‡Qb; gynv¤§` KvImvi web Avãyj Mwb m¤úvw`Z, ¯§„wZ ¯§viK-2012 (Kvwgj nv`xm), cÖv¸³, c„. 73
278 cÖv¸³
279 cÖv¸³
454
W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb [Rb¥: 1970 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb 23 GwcÖj 1970 mv‡j e¸ov †Rjvi Kvnvjy _vbvaxb KPzqv
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv †gvnv¤§` Aveyj †nv‡mb Ges gvZv gymv¤§Z
Zvmwjgv LvZzb|280
wkÿvRxeb : wbR MÖv‡g cÖv_wgK wkÿv jv‡fi ci wZwb Kvnvjy wmÏxwKqv wmwbqi dvwhj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb|
wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K 1983 mv‡j `vwL‡j (19Zg), 1985 mv‡j Avwj‡g (`kg ¯’vb) Ges 1987 mv‡j
dvwhj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| AZtci e¸ov miKvwi Avwjqv gvìvmv †_‡K 1989 mv‡j Kvwgj
(nv`xm) cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwYmn †gavZvwjKvq 5g ¯’vb jvf K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| 1990 mv‡j wZwb
ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K we.G Abvm© Ges 1991 mv‡j GKB wefvM †_‡K
Gg.G cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| Gi ¯^xK…wZ ¯îƒc wZwb `ywU ¯^Y©c`K I `ywU
wek¦we`¨vjq cyi¯‥v‡i f~wlZ nb| AZtci wZwb GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Zvdmxi wel‡q Awfm›`f© iPbv
K‡i wcGBP.wW wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Zvi m¤§vwbZ wkÿKM‡Yi g‡a¨ e¸ov miKvwi Avwjqv gvìvmvi gynvwÏm
gvIjvbv bI‡ki Avjx, gvIjvbv Av b g bhxeyjøvn, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx, gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx, kvqL
bRiæj Bmjvg, cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn (ivwe), cÖ‡dmi W. gvngy` †nv‡mb (wgmi), cÖ‡dmi W. Igi
nv‡kg (wgmi) cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|281
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : W. ‡ejvj †nv‡mb Kg©Rxe‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K RqcyinvU evwbqvcvov Kvwgj
gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e nv`x‡mi cvV`v‡b wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| cieZ©x‡Z 1996 ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M †jKPvivi c‡` †hvM`v‡bi gva¨‡g Kg©avivq bZzb gvÎv m„wó nq| eZ©gv‡b wZwb
D³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb ¯^bvgab¨ Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv¯¿ cVb-cvVb, wkÿv`vb, e³…Zv, M‡elYv I
MÖš’ iPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Amvgvb¨ Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb|
MÖš’ cÖYqb : Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q M‡elYv I †jLv‡jwL‡Z Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvi
cÖKvwkZ I cÖKvkvaxb M‡elYvg~jK MÖ‡š’i msL¨v cÖvq 32wU| Zb¥‡a¨ Aviex fvlvq wjwLZ Zvdmxi m¤úwK©Z
wZbwU MÖš’ wgm‡ii Kvq‡iv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov wZwb wgm‡ii Avj-Avhnvi wek¦we`¨vj‡q ÔDm~jy`
`xbÕ Abyl‡ì Aax‡b Zzjbvg~jK ag©ZË¡ wel‡q †cv÷ W±ivj M‡elYv K‡ib| Zvui M‡elYvi wk‡ivbvg wQj
ÔBjgy gyKvivbvwZj Av`Bqvb: bvkAvZzû Iqv ZvZvIqviæn Iqv gymvnvgvZz Djvgvwqj gymwjgxb dxwnÕ|
eZ©gv‡b wZwb evsjv fvlvq Avj-KziAv‡bi m~ivn wfwËK Zvdmxi I Zzjbvg~jK ag© wel‡q avivevwnK MÖš’
iPbvq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb| nv`xm msµvšÍ Zvi iPbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡”Q-
1. Dj~gyj nv`xQ, †m›Uvi di BmjvwgK wimvP© ivRkvnx, b‡f¤î, 2000wLª.|
2. nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY: cÖK…wZ I c×wZ; evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi,2021wLª.|
3. nv`xm msMÖ‡ni ågY Kvwnbx; B`viv‡q KziAvb, evsjvevRvi, XvKv|
4. gynvwÏm cwiwPwZ I nv`xm ch©v‡jvPbv; (cÖKvkvaxb)|282
gvIjvbv Av. b. g. †njvjyÏxb wmwÏKx [Rb¥ :1971]
Rb¥ cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv Av.b.g †njvjyÏxb wmwÏKx Puv`cyi †Rjvi mì _vbvaxb iNybv_cyi MÖv‡g 1971
mv‡ji 3 Rvbyqvwi GK gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv gynv¤§` jyrdi ingvb Lvb|
wkÿv Rxeb : Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥m~‡Î Zvi evj¨wkÿvi m~Pbv cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j| AZtci wZwb ¯’vbxq
ivgcyi evRvi dvwRj gvìvmv fwZ© n‡q Mfxi gb‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ cov-ïbv K‡ib| D³ gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb
280 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 17 GwcÖj 2021 Zvwi‡L W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
281 cÖv¸³
282 cÖv¸³
455
1983 mv‡j `vwLj, 1985 mv‡j Avwjg Ges 1987 mv‡j dvwhj cixÿvq cÖ_g wefv‡M cvm K‡ib| Zvici
wZwb XvKv Avwjqvq fwZ© nb Ges †mLvb †_‡K 1989 mv‡j nv`xm wefvM †_‡K mdjZvi mv‡_ Kvwgj cvm
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb ch©vqµ‡g Zvdmxi, wdKn I Avè wefv‡MI Kvwgj (¯œvZ‡KvËi) wWwMÖ m¤úbœ K‡ib
Ges GKwU ‡emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi Aaxb Abvm© (m¤§vb) Ges gv÷vm©
(¯œvZ‡KvËi) wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKgÐjxi g‡a¨ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avwgi †nvmvBb (gva¨wgK ¯Íi),
gvIjvbv Avãyi iwk`, gvIjvbv dLiæÏxb, LZxe gvIjvbv DevB`yj nK (XvKv Avwjqv) cÖgyL|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : 1990 mv‡j Puv`cyi kvnZjx Avwjqv gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Zvici 1991 mv‡ji 5 Ryb XvKvi ZvÕgxiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡`
†hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci 2000 mv‡j Zvgxiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib
Ges eZ©gv‡b wZwb AÎ cÖwZôv‡b wmwbqi gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| wZwb eyLvix, gymwjg,
wZiwghx, Avey `vD`, bvmvqx I Beb gvRvnmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ `vim w`‡q hv‡”Qb| †`k I we‡`‡k Zvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ QvÎ‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb- Lwjjyi ingvb gv`vbx (fvBm wcÖwÝc¨vj, Zvgxiæj wgjøvZ, XvKv);
gynvwÏm Avãyj Mddvi gv°x (cÖavb gynvwÏm); W. wbRvg DÏxb (‡Pqvig¨vb, Aviex wefvM, ivwe); Aa¨vcK
W. Gnmvbyj nK gynv¤§` Ryev‡qi (Aviex wefvM, Xvwe); Aa¨vcK, by‡i Avjg (Aviex wefvM wkÿK, Xvwe);
Aa¨vcK W. gynv¤§` BDmyd Lvb (mv‡eK †Pqvig¨vb, Aviex wefvM, Xvwe) cÖgyL| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨
gvìvmv †ev‡W©i cvV¨ ÒiIhvZzj AvZdvjÓ bv‡g (wkï †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY ch©šÍ) cvV¨, gxhvb I gybkvBe,
G‡mv KziAv‡bi ZvnKxK PP©v Kwi, cÖf…wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|283
W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb [Rb¥ : 1973 wLª.]
Rb¥ I esk cwiPq : W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb 1 gvP© 1973 mv‡j iscyi †Rjvi cxiMÄ Dc‡Rjvi ÔPZivÕ
MÖv‡g GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wewkó wk¶vwe` I Bmjvgx wPšÍvwe` cÖ‡dmi W.
gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn&i cÖ_g mšÍvb| Zvi gvZvi bvg mwKbv †eMg| Zvi esk cwiPq n‡jv, W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi
ingvb Be&b W. gynv¤§` kwdKzjøvn Be&b †gveviK Djøvn Be&b AvmMi Avjx Be&b Rvb gynv¤§` f~Bq¨v Be&b
cxi gynv¤§` f~Bq¨v Be&b †`v¯Í gynv¤§` f~Bq¨v|284
wk¶v Rxeb : wZwb ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi cvV †k‡l ivRkvnx `viæm&-mvjvg Avwjqv gv`&ivmvq Aóg
†kªwY ch©šÍ cov- †jLv K‡ib| Zvici XvKv gnvLvjx `viæj Dj~g †nvmvBwbqv gvìvmvq `kg †kªwY ch©šÍ
covïbv K‡ib| AZtci PÆMÖvg Avjgkvn& cvov Avwjqv gvìvvmv †_‡K 1988 mv‡j `vwL‡j †gavZvwjKvq
Z…Zxq ¯’vb Ges 1990 mv‡j Avwjg cix¶vq cÖ_g wefv‡M DËxY© nb| 1992 mv‡j iscyi gyjvUj wmwbqi
gv`&ivmv †_‡K dvwhj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g wefv‡M cvm K‡ib| 1997 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi Avjgkvn cvov Avwjqv
gv`&ivmv †_‡K Kvwgj (wdK&n) wefvM n‡Z cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z PZz_© ¯’vb jvf K‡ib| AZci wZwb 1998 mv‡j
wmivRMÄ nvRx Avngv` Avjx Avwjqv gv`&ivmv †_‡K Kvwgj (nv`xm) wefvM †_‡K cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z PZz`k © ¯’vb
jvf K‡ib| cvkvcvwk ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K 1993 mv‡j we.G (Abvm©)
Ges 1994 mv‡j Gg.G Dfq cix¶vq cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb jvf K‡ib| 2001 mv‡j wZwb ivRkvnx
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|285
Kg©Rxeb : W. gvneye 25 A‡±vei 1998 mv‡j ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M cÖfvlK
c‡` †hvM`v‡bi ga¨w`‡q Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| Gi ci ch©vqµ‡g wewfbœ avc †cwi‡q wZwb 21 Rvbyqvwi
2011 mv‡j cÖ‡dmi c‡` DbœxZ nb Ges D³ c‡`B Kg©iZ i‡q‡Qb| W. gvneye wk¶v½‡b M‡elK wn‡m‡e
283 mvÿvrKvi : M‡elK 19. 01. 2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Av.b.g †njvjyÏxb wmwÏKxi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn
Kiv n‡q‡Qb|
284 W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, Avj-Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (i) Iqv AvQviæû dx ÔBjwgj-nv`xm, ivRkvnx: Avj-gvKZvevZzk&-kvdÔCq¨vn,
cÖ_g cÖKvk, 1422 wn./2002 wLª., c„. Kfvi c„ôv|
285 cÖv¸³
456
†ek cwiwPZ | M‡elYv Ki‡Z I Kiv‡Z wZwb fv‡jvev‡mb, Avb›` cvb| Zvi ZË¡veav‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ Gg.G
w_wmm 12Rb, 4 Rb Gg.wdj I 7 Rb M‡elK wcGBP.wW wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b Zvi ZË¡veav‡b
wZbRb wcGBP.wW. I wZbRb Gg.wdj M‡elK M‡elYvKg© Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb|286
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvi Ae`vb : W. gvneye GKRb my`ÿ M‡elK| †kÖwYK‡ÿ nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvi
cvkvcvwk Zvi B‡Zvg‡a¨ QqwU M‡elYv MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wZbwU nv`xm welqK| Av‡iv
PviwU MÖš’ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb †_‡K cÖKvwkZ nIqvi A‡cÿvaxb i‡q‡Q| G Qvov Zvi iwPZ †ek wKQy
msL¨K MÖ‡š’i cvÐywjwc cÖ¯‘Z i‡q‡Q| Zvi nv`xm welqK iPbvejx wb¤œiƒc-1.Avm&-wmnvn Avm&-wmËvn
cwiwPwZ I ch©v‡jvPbv; 2.ÔBjgyb-bvK` Iqv ÔBjgyj-Rvin IqvZ&-ZvÔ`xj; 3.Avj-Bgvg Ave~ `vE` (i)
Iqv AvQviæû dx ÔBjwgj-nv`xQ; cÖf…wZ|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK M‡elYv cÖeÜ
W. gvneye BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ Ômsw¶ß Avj-KziÕAvbyj Kvixg wek¦‡Kv‡lÕ Zvi
190wU cÖeÜ Ges ÔmxivZ wek¦‡KvlÕ 2wU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| G Qvov †`k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ M‡elYv
Rvb©v‡j 80wU cÖeÜ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Zvi cÖKvwkZ cÖeÜ¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K †Kej nv`xm welqK cÖe‡Üi
ZvwjKv wb‡gœ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jv-
1 nv`xmkv‡¯¿i GK Ab¨Zg w`Kcvj Bgvg Be&b gvRvn (i), ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq ÷vwWR, cvU©-A, 27 el©-
1999, cÖKvk-2001 Ryb, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx-6205|
2. Bgvg Ave~ `vE` (i) I Zuvi mybvb: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, (cÖv¸³, cvU©-A, 31 el©-2003, cÖKvk-2005 †g)
3. Bgvg wZiwghx (i) I Zuvi Avj-RvwgÔ: GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv, (cÖv¸³,cvU©-A, 32 el©-2004, cÖKvk-2005)
4. nhiZ Avbvm Be&b gvwjK (iv): nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zuvi Ae`vb, W. wmivRyj Bmjvg wimvP© Rb©vj, 1g el©, 1g
msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi-wW‡m¤î-2006, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
5. Bgvg eyLvix (i) I Zuvi Avj-RvwgÔ, (cÖv¸³,cvU©-A, 35 el©-2005, cÖKvk-2007 †m‡Þ¤î)
6. gynv¤§v` kvgmyÏxb Avh& -hvnvex (i): ÔBjgyi wiRv‡j Zuvi Ae`vb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKv,
2q msL¨v, 2q el©, 2007-2008, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx-6205|
7. ivm~jyjøvn& mvjøvjøvû ÔAvjvqwn Iqvmvjøvg-Gi Ih~, †Mvmj I Zvqv¤§yg, mxivZ wek¦‡Kvl, 14k LÐ, cÖKvk-
2008, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv|
8. Be&b nvRvi ÔAvmKvjvbx (i): ÔBjgyi wiRv‡j Zuvi Ae`vb, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR M‡elYv cwÎKv, fwjqg
3, 2008-2009, BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq, ivRkvnx-6205|
9. Avj-gyeviK Be&b gynv¤§v` (i): nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zuvi Ae`vb, (cÖv¸³,cvU©-A, 36 el©-2008, cÖKvk-2010)
10. mnxn eyLvix I mnxn gymwjg-Gi g‡a¨ Zyjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv,(cÖv¸³,cvU©-A, 37 el©-2009, cÖKvk-2010)
12. Bgvg gymwjg (i): nv`xm kv‡¯¿ Zuvi Ae`vb, (cÖv¸³,cvU©-A, 38 el©-2010, cÖKvk-gvP© 2013)
Ae‡k‡l ejv hvq, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq M‡elK W. gvney‡ei Ae`v‡bi g~j¨vqb mswÿß cwim‡i h‡_ó
bq; KviY Zvi A‡bK KvR mícwim‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Zz‡j Avbv m¤¢e nqwb| RvwZi cÖZ¨vkv c~i‡Y Zvi
MwZkxj Kj‡gi Ae`vb Awe¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj Mddvi gv°x [Rb¥ :1974]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj Mddvi gv°x mvZÿxiv †Rjvi KvwjMÄ _vbvaxb ksKicy i MÖv‡g
1974 mv‡ji 25 RyjvB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Avãyj ReŸvi Kv¸Px Ges gvZv Kzjmyj Av³vi|
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb ¯’vbxq ¯‥zj †_‡K cÂg †kÖwY‡Z U¨v‡j›Udzj e„wË †c‡q mvZÿxivi RqbMi Avwgwbqv
nvwgw`qv dvwhj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Z_vq `vwLj `kg †kÖwY ch©šÍ Aa¨qb K‡ib| D³ gvìvmv †_‡K wZwb
Aóg †kÖwY‡Z U¨v‡j›Udzj e„wËcÖvß nb Ges 1989 mv‡j `vwLj cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq 3q ¯’vb
286 cÖv¸³
457
AwaKvi K‡ib| Zvici 1990 mv‡j wZwb ZvÕgxiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© n‡q 1991 mv‡j Avwjg,
1993 mv‡j dvwhj, 1995 mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) Gi †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g 5g,
4_© I 2q ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| wZwb GKB mv‡_ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q 1991-1992 †mk‡b Aviex wefv‡M fwZ©
nb| Zvici wZwb 1996 mv‡j g°v D¤§yjKziv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ÔZvwjgyj jyMvwZj Avivweq¨vnÕ wefv‡M fwZ©
nb| Z_vq 1g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| AZtci †`‡k wd‡i Xvwe‡Z wZwb cybivq Aa¨qb ïiæ K‡ib|
2005 mv‡j Xvwei Aviex wefvM †_‡K dv÷© K¬vm dv÷© n‡q we G (m¤§vb) wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| GKB wefvM
†_‡K 2011 mv‡j Gg.wdj wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Zvi wkÿKgÐjxi g‡a¨ Aa¨ÿ gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hvqbyj
Av‡e`xb, W.gydZx Avey BDmyd Lvb, gvIjvbv wMqvm DÏxb gv`vbx, gvIjvbv G. wKD. Gg wmdvZzjøvn
(wgjøvZ), G Qvov W.Av.d.g Avey eKi wmÏxK, W.dRjyi ingvb, W.Avãyj gvey`, W.gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb
(Xvwe), W.Avãyi ingvb Avm my`vBmx, W.mD` Avk ïivBg, W.Dmvgv web LvBq¨vZ (D¤§yj Kyiv) cÖgyL|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : G †gavex nv`xmwe` 2003 mvj †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ Lyjbv †bQvwiqv
Kvwgj gvìvmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e eyLvix, gymwjg, wZiwghxmn I Ab¨vb¨ wKZvevw` cvV`vb K‡i‡Qb|
AZtci 2015 mvj †_‡K A`ëwa wZwb cÖavb gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e ZvÕgxiæj wgjøvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq mnxn
eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xmkv¯¿ cvV`v‡b wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb|287
W. gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` [Rb¥ :1975]

Rb¥-cwiwPwZ : 1975 mv‡j W. Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv` (evkvi) Kzwgjøv †Rjvi AšÍM©Z †P․ÏMÖvg Dc‡Rjvi
`yM©vcyi MÖv‡gi GK Øxbx cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi evevi bvg †gvt Avãyj nvwKg I gvZvi bvg kvwdqv
†eMg|
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb MvQevwoqv MvDwQqv •Zq¨weqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq wkÿv Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| ïiæ‡Z G
gvìvmvi wndRyj KziAvb wefv‡M wKQzw`b Aa¨qb K‡ib| AZtci G cÖwZôvb †_‡K Be‡Z`vqx wkÿv mgvß
K‡i Qzcyqv gvìvmv †_‡K 1995 m‡b `vwLj cvm K‡i †`‡ki HwZnëvnx Øxwb wkÿv cÖwZôvb Kzwgjøvi
†`weØvi¯’ avgZx Avwjqv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| G gvìvmvq wZwb Avwjg, dvwRj I Kvwgj (nv`xm) Aa¨qb
K‡ib| AZtci wZwb Kzwgjøv wf‡±vwiqv miKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq K‡jR †_‡K BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡M we. G
Abvm© I gv÷vm© mgvß K‡ib| Zvici XvKv cxiR½x Rv‡gqv Øxwbqv †_‡K `vIivn nv`xm I miKvwi Avwjqv
gvìvmv-XvKv †_‡K Kvwgj wdKn mgvß K‡ib| AZtci wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR
wefvM †_‡K 2013 mv‡j wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wkÿv Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Î wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^vÿi
iv‡Lb| cÖ_g †kÖwY †_‡K `vwLj ch©šÍ mKj †kÖwY‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AR©b K‡i‡Qb| D‡jøL¨, `vwLj †_‡K
Kvwgj, `vIivn nv`xm, Abvm© I gv÷vm© mn mKj cixÿvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z DËxY© nb| dvwR‡j †evW© cixÿvq
†gav ZvwjKvq 3q, Kvwgj nv`x‡m 3q, Kvwgj wdK‡n 7g I Abv‡m© 16 Zg ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv evkvi 2001 mv‡ji A‡±vei †_‡K 2003 mv‡ji b‡f¤î ch©šÍ
we-evoxqv †Rjvi bexbMi¯’ bvivqYcyi dvwRj gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| eZ©gv‡b
wZwb XvKv¯’ †ZRMvI g`xbvZzj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| wkÿKZvi
cvkvcvwk wZwb RygAvi Lyrev Ges gv‡V-gq`v‡b IqvR-bwmn‡Zi ‡ÿ‡Î cweÎ nv`x‡mi evYx PP©v, cÖPvi-
cÖmv‡iI mgfv‡e Ae`vb †i‡L Pj‡Qb| wZwb cVb-cvV‡bi cvkvcvwk ‡jLv‡jwL‡ZI Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zuvi
wjwLZ 1.wgivR I AvaywbK weÁvb; 2.cÖPwjZ wkiK I Zv †_‡K euvPvi Dcvq; 3.cÖPwjZ we` ÕAvZ I Zv
†_‡K euvPvi Dcvq cÖf„wZ cy¯ÍK¸‡jv cvVK gn‡j h‡_ó mvov †d‡j‡Q|288
287 mvÿvrKvi : M‡elK 20.01.2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Avãyj Mddvi gv°xi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
288 mvÿvrKvi : M‡elK 19.01.2021 Zvwi‡L W. Aveyj Kvjvg AvRv‡ì mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
458
gvIjvbv †iRvDj nK gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn [Rb¥ : 1979]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gydwZ †iRvDj nK 1979 mv‡ji 30 Ryb dwi`cyi †Rjvi mvj_v _vbvaxb KjvMvwQqv
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZvi bvg gvIjvbv gynv¤§` kvgmyj nK Ges gvZv
Av‡jqv †eMg| †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb cÖLi †gavex| QvÎ Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i wZwb Zx² †gavi
¯^vÿi †i‡L‡Qb|
wkÿvRxeb : Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥‡nZz cvwievwiKfv‡e KziAvb wkÿv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi wkÿvRxe‡bi m~Pbv
nq| AZtci wZwb 1989 mv‡j Rvwgqv Avkivwdqv evwniw`qv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb Ges 1992 mv‡j cÖv_wgK
(ZvBwmi) wkÿv mgvcbx cixÿvq KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W© †gav ZvwjKvq 3q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb
1994 mv‡j gva¨wgK (bvûgxi) cixÿvq †gav ZvwjKvq 5g ¯’vb Ges 1996 mv‡j D”P gva¨wgK (kin
weKvqvn) cixÿvq D³ gvìvmv †_‡K KIgx gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W© †gav ZvwjKvq 3q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|
AZtci 1997 mv‡j dwi`cy‡ii kvgmyj Dj~g Lvevkcyi gvìvmvq kin †eKvqv Aa¨qb K‡i 1998 mv‡j
†MvcvjM‡Äi Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg MInviWv½vq RvjvjvB‡b fwZ© nb| Gici wZwb 1999 mv‡j Rvwgqv
Avivweqv Bgv`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev‡` wgkKv‡Z fwZ© n‡q ¯œvZK (wgkKvZ) cixÿvq KIgx gvìvmv
wkÿv‡ev‡W© †gav ZvwjKvq 6ô ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| 2000 mv‡j wZwb Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv jvj gvwUqvq
`vIiv‡q nv`x‡m fwZ© nb Ges ¯œvZ‡KvËi (`vIivn) cixÿvq Rvwq¨` wRÏvb jvf K‡ib Ges 2001 mv‡j
Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bgv`v`yj Dj~g dwi`vev‡` BdZv (Bmjvgx AvBb welqK D”PZi M‡elYv †Kvm©) wefvM
†_‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z gygZvh wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb wkÿv Rxeb mgvcbv‡šÍ 2002 †_‡K 2003 mvj ch©šÍ wZwb
wc‡ivRcy‡ii bvwRicyi¯’ mvZKv‡mwgqv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq wmwbqi wkÿK wn‡m‡e 2 eQi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib| 2009 mvj n‡Z `viæj Dj~g gvìvmv wgicyi-13 XvKv Gi wcÖwÝc¨vj I kvqLyj wn‡m‡e mnxn
eyLvix I Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖš’ cvV`vb Ki‡Qb| Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb †jLv‡jwL‡ZI wZwb Ae`vb
ivL‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ MÖš’vejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q, †n`vqvZzj KziAvb (Abyev`); nv`x‡mi wbqgbxwZ welqK MÖš’
ÔgyKvwÏgvÕ; Avgv‡ì wkÿvi welqe¯‘ Kx n‡e?; KIgx gvìvmvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ Ae`vb (m¤úvw`Z);
Avjøvgv Avãyj AvRxR (in.) Rxeb I Kg©; gnv cÖj‡qi c~e©vfvm; cÖf…wZ|289
cÖ‡dmi W. KvIQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn [Rb¥ :1979 wLª.]

cwiwPwZ I wkÿvRxeb : cÖ‡dmi W. KvIQvi †gvt evKx wejøvn Puv`cyi †Rjvaxb nvRxMÄ Dc‡Rjvi Kvj‡Pv
MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i 1 gvP© 1986 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gynv¤§` Rqbyj Av‡e`xb
Ges gvZv gbœyRvnvb| wZwb Puv`cyi †Rjvaxb Kvj‡Pv †bQvivev` Qv‡jwnqv wmwbqi gvìvmv n‡Z cÂg I
Aóg †kÖwY‡Z e„wËcÖvß nb Ges GKB gvìvmv †_‡K 1993 mv‡j `vwLj cixÿvq †gavZvwjKvq 3q ¯’vb
AR©b K‡ib| AZtci QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmv n‡Z 1995 mv‡j Avwjg, 1997 mv‡j dvwhj I
1999 mv‡j Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq †gavZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g 11Zg, 11Zg I 2q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|
Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqv †_‡K Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefvM n‡Z 2001 mv‡j weG (Abvm©) Ges 2002
mv‡j Gg.G †kÖwY‡Z h_vµ‡g 1g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb Rxe‡b K‡qKevi cÖavbgš¿x I
ivóªcwZ KZ©„K ¯^Y©c`K I K…wZ‡Z¡i mb` jvf K‡ib| 2008 mv‡j wZwb GKB wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K Gg.wdj
Ges 2013 mv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb †k‡l wZwb `xN©w`b ch©šÍ Kzwgjøvi HwZnëvnx †mvbvKv›`v
`viæj û`v eûgyLx Kvwgj gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbvq Ae`vb iv‡Lb| D‡jøL¨ 24
289 M‡elK 30.12.2020 Zvwi‡L gydwZ †iRvDj nK gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn Gi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
459
Zg wewmGm cixÿvq DËxY© n‡q 2005 mv‡j Lv`¨gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b wb‡qvMcÎ jvf K‡ib| D³ c‡`
†hvM`vb bv K‡i 2005 mv‡ji 29 †g Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq Kzwóqvi Aviex fvlv I mvwnZ¨ wefv‡M cÖfvlK
c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb D³ wefv‡M Aa¨vcK c‡` Kg©iZ Av‡Qb| Aa¨vcbvi cvkvcvwk wZwb
M‡elYvagx© †jLv‡jwL‡ZI wm×n¯Í| W. KvDQvi iwPZ M‡elYvg~jK 20wU cÖeÜ ¯^xK…Z Rvb©v‡j cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Ônv`xm kwi‡di cÖvgvwYKZv: KwíZ msk‡qi Ac‡bv`bÕ wk‡ivbv‡g nv`xmkv‡¯¿i Ici
wekvj MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
G hver wewfbœ fvlvq Zvi iwPZ M‡elYv cÖeÜgvjvi g‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK cÖeÜ msL¨v
cvuPwU|290 †m¸‡jvi ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒc-
1. nv`x‡m-befxi msiÿY I msKj‡b Bgvg eyLvix (i.)-Gi Ae`vb ; The Quranic Studies(Dept. of Al-
Quran & Islamic Studies, Islamic University, Kushtia) Gi 5/4,2015 wLª.
2. nv`xm Zv`fxb (msKjb) wel‡q m„ó mskq : cÖK…wZ I ¯îƒc we‡kølY; Journal of Islamic Education &
Research (Institute of Islamic Education & Research, Islamic University, Kushtia) Gi 17/1,2013-2014wLª.
3. mvnvex Kwe KvÔe Be&b hyevqi Gi Rxeb I mvwnZ¨; Journal of Islamic Education & Research (Institute
of Islamic Education & Research, Islamic University, Kushtia) Gi 6/1,2010wLª.
4. ivm~j (mv.) Gi mfvKwe nvm&mvb Be&b QvweZ (iv.) Gi Rxeb I mvwnZ¨; Journal of Islamic Education
& Research (Institute of Islamic Education & Research, Islamic University, Kushtia) Gi 5/1,2009wLª.
5. nv`x‡mi ÔgZbÕ bvK&` wel‡q m„ó mskq : Av‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb;, Journal of Islamic Education &
Research (Institute of Islamic Education & Research, Islamic University, Kushtia) Gi 8/1,2012wLª.
gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywbi ZvInx` [Rb¥:1980 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiwPwZ : gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywbi ZvInx` 3 Rvbyqvwi 1980 mv‡j wc‡ivRcyi †Rjvi bvwRicyi
Dc‡Rjvaxb Kjvi‡`vqvbxqv MÖv‡gi GK m¤£všÍ Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv gvIjvbv gynv¤§`
Avãyi iwng| cÖwZfvai GB G †gavex gynvwÏm Zvi wkÿvRxe‡bi cÖwZ ¯Í‡i K…wZZ¡c~Y© ¯^Y©vjx mvd‡jï
¯^vÿi †i‡L‡Qb|
wkÿvRxeb : wZwb Zvi wcZvi Kv‡Q •kk‡e cweÎ KziAvb wkÿv MÖnY K‡ib| mv‡_ mv‡_ ¯’vbxq cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq †_‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwY ch©šÍ cov-‡jLv mgvß K‡i †jeywRjeywbqv Bmjvwgqv dvwRj gvìvmvq PZz_©
†kÖwY †_‡K `vwLj Aóg †kÖwY ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| wZwb Aóg †kÖwY‡Z e„wË jvf Kivi ci 1992 mv‡j
QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq (9g †kÖwY‡Z) fwZ© nb| wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K evsjv‡`k gvìvmv
wkÿv‡ev‡W©i mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq 1994, 1996, 1998 Ges 2000 mv‡j `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj Ges
Kvwgj (nv`xm) cixÿvq h_vµ‡g cÖ_g wefvM/†kÖwY‡Z 13Zg, 6ô, 6ô Ges 3q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib|
GQvovI wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K 2005 mv‡j Kvwgj (Avè) wefvM †_‡K †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gav
ZvwjKvq cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| wZwb Avj nvBqvZzj DjBqv wjj Rvwg AvwZj KvIwgqv
†ev‡W©i Aax‡b 2019 m‡b `vIivq nv`xm cixÿvq Ask MÖnY K‡i gygZvR wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb 2020
mv‡j QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Rv‡gqv †bQvwiqv `xwbqvi BdZv cixÿvq AeZxY© n‡q gygZvR wWwMÖ AR©b
K‡ib| Zvi wkÿK‡ì g‡a¨ kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avãyi ie Lvb (in.); kvqLyj nv`xm gydZx gvIjvbv
†gv¯Ídv nvwg`x (in.); gvIjvbv mywdqv Avt iwk` (in.); kvqLyj nv`xm gydZx gynv¤§` AvgRv` †nvmvBb
(in.); W. •mq` kivdvZ Avjx; gvIjvbv gynv: nvweeyi ingvb, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avey Rvdi †gvnv¤§`
mv‡jn, gynv¤§` Avey BDmyd, gynv¤§` iwdKzjøvn †bQvix; gynv¤§` jyrdzi invg (in.) I gynv¤§` •Zqëyi
ingvb (in.) Gi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
290 M‡elK 20-06-2020 ZvwiL cÖ‡dmi W. KvDQvi evwK wejøvn Gi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb||
460
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb 2001 mv‡j QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Rv‡gqv †bQvwiqvv `xwbqvi gynZvwgg
c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Gici 2003 mv‡j QviQxbv `viæmmybœvZ Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK c‡` wbhy³
nb Ges GKB c‡` †_‡K 2019 ch©šÍ KziAvb, nv`xm I Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| AZtci 2020
mv‡j wZwb c‡`vbœwZ †c‡q cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| GQvovI wZwb 2007 mvj †_‡K QviQxbv
`viæmmybœvZ Rv‡gqv †bQvixqv `xwbqvi kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i `vim cÖ`vb K‡i hv‡”Qb| Zvi Ávb
weZi‡Yi †bkv I †ckv`vwiZ¡, `vwqZ¡kxjZv, `ÿZv-AwfÁZv I cvV`v‡b DbœZ †K․k‡ji ¯^xK„wZ ¯îƒc 2016
mv‡j RvZxq ch©vq wZwb †kÖô wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vwPZ nb Ges ivóªcwZ KZ©„K ¯^Y©c`K jvf K‡ib| Zvi
AmsL¨ Qv‡Îi g‡a¨ W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` iæûj Avgxb; W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Bgivb ûmvBb; W. gvIjvbv
gynv¤§` wgRvbyi ingvb Avmjvgx; W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gywneŸyjøvn; W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` mvBdzj Bmjvg
AvRnvix; W. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` bvRgyj nvmvb AvRnvix I eZ©gvb M‡elK cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
MÖš’ cÖYqb I m¤úv`bv : ZiæY G gynvwÏm Aí eq‡m †ek K‡qKwU g~jëvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zb¥‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡jv-
1. `xwbqv Aviex mvwnZ¨ 1g, 2q, 3q, 4_© I 5g LÐ; 2.hye`v, GwU GK Bjgym mi‡di (wµqv cÖKiY)
wKZve; 3. Zvwjeyj Bj‡gi c_ wb‡`©kbv; 4. Avj-gyLZvmvi wd ZvixdvwZ Dm~wjj Avmvi; GwU mnR evsjv
fvlvq iwPZ GKwU Dm~jyj nv`xm (nv`xm kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ) welqK g~jëvb MÖš’| Zvi m¤úvw`Z MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨
K‡qKwU njÑ1. Avj wK¡ivZzj IqvRxnv; Aviex-evsjv 3q LÐ| 2. `xwbqv Aviex mvwnZ¨ mnvwqKv; 5g LÐ|
3. nvwKKvZzj Amxjv 4. wcÖq bex nhiZ gynv¤§v` (mv.) Gi ¯§i‡Y wgjv` gvnwdj| G QvovI QviQxbv
`viæmmybœvZ jvB‡eªwi KZ©„K cÖKvwkZ eû cy¯‡Í Ki wZwb m¤úv`b K‡ib| wZwb ÒcvwÿK ZvejxMÓ cwÎKvi
m¤úv`K Ges evsjv‡`k `xwbqv gvìvmvi †ev‡W©i KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|
BwZg‡a¨B G ZiæY gynvwÏm Ijvgv I QvÎ mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q D`xqgvb hyM‡kÖô bw›`Z nv`xmwekvi` wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ n‡q D‡V‡Qb|291
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb [Rb¥ : 1982 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gvngy`yj nvmvb ewikvj †Rjvi wnRjv _vbvaxb ev‡niPi MÖv‡gi GK m¤ª¢všÍ
Avwjg cwiev‡i 1 gvP© 1982 mv‡j Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡jK I gvZv
Av‡bvqviv †eMg|
wkÿvRxeb : Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥‡nZz cvwievwiK cwigÐ‡j KziAvb Kvixg wkÿv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi
wkÿvRxe‡bi m~Pbv nq| AZtci gvIjvbv gvngy` wbR GjvKvq cÖv_wgK cov-‡jLv †k‡l QviQxbv
`viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| wKQzw`b c‡i wZwb SvjKvVx Gb Gm Kvwgj gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| D³
gvìvmv †_‡K †evW© cixÿvq mw¤§wjZ †gavZvwjKvq wZwb 1997, 1999, 2001 Ges 2003 mv‡j `vwLj,
Avwjg, dvwhj Ges Kvwgj (nv`xm) wefv‡M h_vµ‡g 9g, 8g, 1g, 4_© ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G Qvov wZwb
GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z we.G (m¤§vb) I Gg.G wWwMÖ
AR©b K‡ib| AZtci wZwb RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefvM †_‡K Gg.wdj wWwMÖ AR©b
K‡ib Ges GKB wefv‡M wZwb wcGBP. wW. M‡elYv Ki‡Qb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wkÿvRxeb †k‡l wZwb 2008 mv‡j avgivB‡qi kixdevM Bmjvwgqv
Kvwgj gvìvmvq Aviex cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| AZtci 2018 mv‡j cÖavb gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e
XvKvi wgmevûj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb mnxn eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xm MÖ‡š’i cvV`vb
K‡i hv‡”Qb| G Qvov wgwWqv RM‡ZI Zvi c`PviYv i‡q‡Q| wZwb BmjvwgK †Uwjwfk‡b (eZ©gv‡b eÜ)
291 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK (13-02-2021 ) Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv wmivRyg gywb‡ii mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g Z_¨vewj msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
461
wbqwgZ `vimyj nv`xm †ck Ki‡Zb| ZvQvov Ab¨vb¨ P¨v‡b‡j wZwb wbqwgZfv‡e wewfbœ Abyôvb Dc¯’vcb I
fvl¨Kvi wn‡m‡e AskMÖnY K‡i evsjv fvlvq nv`xm cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i Ae`vb ivL‡Qb|
iPbvejx : gvIjvbv gvngy` MÖš’ iPbvqI Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i g‡a¨Ñ 1.ÔRvbœv‡Zi cv‡_qÕ GwU
g~jZ ivm~j (mv.) Gi •`bw›`b Rxe‡bi `yÕAv ìæ`, whKi, ZvIev-Bw¯ÍMdvi m¤úwK©Z Avgjmg~‡ni weï×
nv`xm wfwËK msKjb| mybœvn wfwËK Avg‡j gvbyl‡ì D×zä Kivi j‡ÿ¨ GB MÖš’wU iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j
MÖš’Kvi e¨³ K‡ib| G MÖ‡š’i Avi GKwU jÿŸxq w`K n‡”Q, cÖwZwU nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î g~jMÖ‡š’i Z_¨m~Î
ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
2. Avj-KziAv‡b ewY©Z aŸsmcÖvß wewfbœ RvwZ: GKwU ZvwË¡K ch©v‡jvPbv| (AcÖKvwkZ Gg.wdj Awfm›`f©)
3. Avj-KziAv‡bi P¨v‡jÄ, wdDPvi cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv|
4. gnvgyw³i gv‡n igRvb, `vIqvn cvewj‡KkÝ, XvKv|292
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †kL [Rb¥: 1983 wLª.]

bvg I cwiwPwZ : AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx, `„p‡PZv, ZiæY gynvwÏm, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †kL 1983 mv‡j 1
gvP© †MvcvjMÄ †Rjvi Kvwkqvbx Dc‡Rjvi GK wbf…Z cjøx cvsLviPi MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv
†kL gynv¤§` nvexeyi ingvb GKRb Av‡e` I me©Rb kÖ‡×q e¨w³ I gvZv †gvmv¤§r AvKwjgv †eMg GKRb
`xb`vi, Av‡e`v I mv‡jnv igbx wQ‡jb|
wkÿv Rxeb : gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd †kL ¯’vbxq cvVkvjv †_‡K cÖv_wgK e„wËmn cvV m¤úbœ K‡ib|
AZtci wZwb 1993 mv‡j wcsMwjqv wmÏxwKqv wmwbqi gvìvmvq lô †kªwY‡Z fwZ© nb| 1995 mv‡j D³
gvìvmv †_‡K Aóg †kÖwY‡Z e„wËmn DËxY© nb| AZtci 1996 mv‡j evsjvi HwZnëvnx Øxbx cÖwZôvb
QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ Kvwgj gv`&ivmvq `vwLj beg †kÖwY‡Z fwZ© nb| wZwb Zvi cÖLi ¯§„wZkw³, Zx² †gav,
Avè-AvLjvK Avi f`ªZv w`‡q Aí w`‡bi g‡a¨ wkÿKgÐjxi gbRq Ki‡Z mÿg n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB †`Lv
hvq, wkÿKe„‡›ì `yÔAv Avi wb‡Ri †Póv-mvabvi gva¨‡g wZwb D³ gvìvmv †_‡K †evW© cixÿvq h_vµ‡g
1997, 1999, 2001 I 2003 mv‡j `vwLj, Avwjg, dvwhj I Kvwgj (wdKn) †kÖwY‡Z †gavZvwjKvq
mßg, 11Zg, 6ô I cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z cÖ_g ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| G‡Z Zuvi Ávb Avni‡Yi Z…òv wbevwiZ
nqwb; eis miKvwi gv`&ivmv-B-Avwjqv XvKvi Kvwgj (nv`xm) wefv‡M fwZ© nb Ges 2005 mv‡j Kvwgj
(nv`xm) cixÿvq †gavZvwjKvq cÖ_g †kªYx‡Z Aóg ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd †kL gvìvmv
wkÿvi cvkvcvwk AvaywbK wkÿvqI wcwQ‡q _v‡Kbwb; eis wZwb 2008 mv‡j GKwU †emiKvwi wek¦we`¨vjq
†_‡K we.G. (Abvm©) 2009 mv‡j Gg.G wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| Ávb-M‡elYvi †bkv Zv‡K ZL‡bv Qv‡owb,
eZ©gv‡b wZwb RMbœv_ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi GKRb Gg.wdj M‡elK wn‡m‡e
M‡elYvK‡g© iZ| QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq Zvi wkÿKe„‡›ì g‡a¨ gvIjvbv Avt ie Lvb, gvIjvbv
AvgRv` ûmvBb, gvIjvbv gydwZ gy¯Ídv nvwg`x, gvIjvbv mydx Avãyi iwk`, gvIjvbv •Zqeyi ingvb,
gvIjvbv jyrdi ingvb (in.) W. gIjvbv mvB‡q¨` kivdZ Avjx, gvIjvbv nvweeyi ingvb, gvIjvbv Avey
Rvdi †gvt mv‡jn, cÖgyL D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj jwZd †kL Kvwgj (wdKn) cvm Kivi ci
QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmvq wKQz w`b wkÿKZv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 2004 mv‡ji 24 A‡±vei XvKvi A`~‡i
†Wgiv¯’ HwZnëvnx `viæb bvRvZ wmÏxwKqv Kvwgj gv`&ivmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges
eZ©gv‡b GKB c‡` envj Av‡Qb|
292 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 17.01.2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nvmv‡bi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
462
iPbvejx
1. ‫مختارات االنوار البهية فى جمع االحاديث النبوية الموضوعية‬
(Bev`Z, gyAvgvjvZ, gyAvkvivZ I AvLjvK BZ¨vw` msµvšÍ welqwfwËK 3 nvRvi weï× nv`x‡mimsKjb|
e½vbyev` I UxKvmn)
2 ‫الجهد الحثيث فى علوم الحديث‬
(Dj~gyj nv`x‡mi Dci mnR I mvejxj fvlvq iwPZ GKwU cyw¯ÍKv| Aby×© 200 c„ôv)
3 ‫( لطف البارى في قاموس صحيح البخارى‬mnxn eyLvixi kã Awfavb| G‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îmn mnxn eyLvixi
RwUj kãmn AwaKvsk k‡ãi kvwãK A_© I gynvwÏm‡ì `„wó‡Z D³ k‡ãi D‡Ïk¨ D‡jøL _vK‡e|) G
QvovI wZwb evsjv‡`k gvìvmv wkÿv‡ev‡W©i wewfbœ wel‡q eB iPbv I m¤úv`bv K‡i‡Qb|293
gydwZ dqRyjøvn Avgvb [Rb¥ : 1985 wLª.]

Rb¥ I cwiPq : D`xqgvb ZiæY gynvwÏm gydwZ dqRyjøvn Avgvb 1 gvP© 1985 mv‡j gv¸iv †Rjvi
†gvnv¤§`cyi _vbvaxb n‡iK…òcyi MÖv‡gi GK HwZnëvnx Avwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi evev
gvIjvbv Avwgbyjøvn GKRb cÖL¨vZ Avwj‡g Øxb, †bKKvi-ci‡nhMvi I mgv‡Ri me©Rb kÖ‡×q bw›`Z
e¨w³Z¡|
wkÿvRxeb : Avwjg cwiev‡i †e‡o IVvi myev‡` Rbve Avgvb gvZ…‡¯œ‡n wcZvi ZË¡veav‡b •kk‡e †jLvcovi
m~Pbv K‡ib| AZtci wZwb 1990 mv‡j h‡kvi òvUvbv gvìvmvq fwZ© nb| Zvici h‡kvi gviKvR
gvìvmvq 1998 mvj ch©šÍ cov‡jLv K‡ib| wZwb 1999 mv‡j XvKvi gvwjevM Rvwgqv kviCqv gvìvmvq
wgkKvZ Rvgv‡Z fwZ© nb Ges 2004 mvj ch©šÍ GLv‡b wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib| wZwb D³ cÖwZôvb †_‡K KIgx
gvìvmv †evW© cixÿvq h_vµ‡g wgkKvZ I ZvKwgj Rvgv‡Z 1g †kÖwY‡Z 2q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i
¯^vÿi iv‡Lb| AZtci nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D”PZi wkÿv MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ fvi‡Zi `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` Mgb K‡ib|
†m_vq wZwb 2004-06 mvj ch©šÍ `yB eQi `vIivq nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges P~ovšÍ cixÿvq wZwb K…wZ‡Z¡i
mv‡_ 1g †kÖwY‡Z 1g ¯’vb AR©b K‡ib| †Ìe‡›` wZwb kvqL bvwmi Avng` Lvb Ges evsjv‡`‡k gydZx
mvC` Avng` cvjbcyix I KvRx gyZvwmg wejøvn cÖgy‡Li wbKU wZwb nv`xmkv¯¿ wkÿvMÖnY K‡ib|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb : wZwb †`‡k wd‡i evÇv wgdZvûj Dj~g gvìvmvq 2007 mvj †_‡K
2010 mvj ch©šÍ wZiwghx kixd cvV`vb K‡ib| AZtci cÖwZfvevb G gynvwÏm 2011 mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb
ch©šÍ BKiv evsjv‡`k XvKvq wmwbqi gynvwÏm c‡` Kg©iZ †_‡K wZiwghx kixdmn Acivci nv`xmkv‡¯¿i
Aa¨vcbv K‡i hv‡”Qb| kvqL Avãyjøvn gviædx iwPZ nv`xmkv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ welqK MÖš’ Ònv`xm AvIi dvn‡g
nv`xmÓ MÖ‡š’i ÒwcÖwÝcj&m Ae nv`xmÓ wk‡ivbv‡g gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn Avgvb Abyev` Kg©-m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb|
Gi cÖKvkKvj: ‡m‡Þ¤î-2021 wLª., c„ôvmsL¨v : 591, g~j¨ : 800 UvKv, cÖKvk¯’vb : gvKZvevZzj
Avhnvi, XvKv|294
293 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 15.02.2021 Zvwi‡L gvIjvbv Avãyj jwZd Gi †kL mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb|
294 mvÿvrKvi: M‡elK 28.12.2020 Zvwi‡L gydwZ dqRyjøvn Avgvb Gi mvÿvrKvi MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ Z_¨vw` msMÖn K‡i‡Qb|
463
M. wefvM wfwËK cÖwm× evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekviè„›`

evsjv‡`‡k evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv©q evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi Ae`vb Acwimxg| Zviv nv`xm
wkÿv`vb, nv`xm cÖPvi-cÖmvi Ges nv`xmMÖš’ Abyev` I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Y e¨vcKfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Qb| Zvu‡ì
g‡a¨ wefvM wfwËK cÖwm× evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ cÖ`Ë n‡jv-
XvKv wefvM
XvKv
kvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgv (in.) [g„. 1300 wLª.]: kvqL ZvIqvgv 1270 mv‡j myjZvb wMqvm DÏxb
eje‡bi (1228-1281 wLª.) kvmbvg‡j evsjvi ivRavbx †mvbviMvu‡q GKwU gvìvmv I LvbKvn ¯’vcb K‡i
AvRxeb nv`xmkv¯¿ Aa¨vcbv K‡ib| wZwbB cÖ_g evsjvq cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e nv`xmkv‡¯¿i D”PZi MÖš’mg~n
cvV`v‡bi m~Pbv K‡ib| mg‡qi e¨vcK eëavb I msiÿ‡Yi Afv‡e Zvi †_‡K ewY©Z nv`x‡mi mb` Ly‡uR
cvIqv hvq bv| hwÌ wZwb wb‡R evsjvfvlx wQ‡jb bv; Z‡e Zvi wkÿv_x©e„›` ev½vjx wQ‡jb Zv wbw`©avq ejv
hvq| Avi Zvi ev½vjx wkÿv_x©‡ì gva¨‡g cieZx©‡Z ch©vqµ‡g G †`‡k nv`xmkv‡¯¿i PP©v n‡Z _v‡K| ZvB
G f~L‡Ð nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cw_K…r wn‡m‡e Zvi Ae`vb Abvw`Kvj Awe¯§iYxq n‡q _vK‡e|
gvIjvbv Beivnxg †ckIqvix (in.) [1850-1930 wLª.]: XvKv PKevRvi msjMœ GKwU gvìvmvi cÖwZôv
K‡ib Z_vq nv`x‡mi cvV`vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Beb Bqvh`vb eLk ev½vjx (in.): wZwb XvKvi mwbœK‡U †Nvovkvj †ij‡÷kb †_‡K gvÎ
Qq gvBj `~‡i GKWvjv bvgK ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb Kv‡j wbR nv‡Z c~Y© eyLvix kix‡di cÖwZwjwc •Zix K‡i
ZrKvjxb †mvbviMvu‡qi kvmK AvjvDwÏb †nv‡mb kvn&‡K (1499-1520 wLª.) Dcnvi †`b| D³ KwcwU
cvUbvi evKxcyi jvB‡eªwi‡Z GL‡bv msiwÿZ i‡q‡Q|295
gvIjvbv nvwdh gynv¤§` evivAvZ ejLx (g„. 1948 wLª.): ejL, Bivb| wZwb 1920 wLªóv‡ã beve‡ì
c„ô‡cvlKZvq mìNv‡Ui mwbœK‡U Bmjvgcy‡i Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv cÖwZwôZ n‡j wZwb GLv‡b nv`xm I
Zvdmxi kv¯¿ cvV`vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv bwRi DÏxb (in.) [g„. 1953]: Dwol¨v, fviZ| gynvwÏm, XvKv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb KvkMix (in.) [1911-1974 wLª.]: wRwÄqvb, DBNyi, Pxb| gynvwÏm, XvKv Avwjqv
gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv bv‡Ri nvmvb (in.): mvnivbcyi, DËi cÖ‡`k| wZwb 1929 mv‡j XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib| XvKvq
wek¦we`¨vjq Aviex I BmjvwgK ÷vwWR wefv‡Mi cÖfvlK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf K‡i †kl Rxeb ch©šÍ
nv`x‡mi `mi `vb K‡ib|296
gvIjvbv Øxb gynv¤§` Lvb (in.): XvKv, evsjv‡`k| XvKvi nvwgw`qv gvìvmvq Zvi wkÿKZv Rxe‡bi m~Pbv|
AZtci gvqvbgv‡ii †i½y‡b `xN© 12 eQi nv`x‡mi cvV`vb K‡ib| 1946 mv‡j †`‡k wd‡i XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq Ges XvKv Avwjqvq wkÿKZv K‡ib| AZtci 1950 mvj †_‡K AvgiY jvjevM¯’ Rvwgqv
KziAvwbqv Avivweqv gvìvmvq nv`xm I Zvdmxi wel‡q cvV`vb K‡ib|297
kixqZcyi
gvIjvbv Av.g.g Avng`yjøvn (in.): KvwZ©Kcyi, bwoqv, kixqZcyi| wZwb 1954 mv‡j QviQxbv `viæ”QzbœvZ
Avwjqv gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z wZwb gynvwÏm c‡` c‡`vbœwZ jvf K‡ib Ges
G c‡` 1995 mvj ch©šÍ Z_vq Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|
295 Dr. Abdul Karim, Social History of the Muslim in Bengal, Chittagong: Baitus Saraf Islamic Research
Institute, 1985,P.103
296 gvIjvbv Avãyi mvËvi, ZvixL-G-gv`ªivmv-G-Avwjqv, cÖv¸³, c„. 170-171
297 W. gynv¤§` Avãyjøvn, evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv Aviexwe`, cÖv¸³, c„. 93-94
464
gv`vixcyi
gvIjvbv nvRx kwiqvZzjøvn (in.)[1764-1840 wLª.] : kvgvBj, wkePi, gv`vixcyi| wZwb g°v gyKviigvq
MgY K‡i †kL Zvwn‡ii wbKU nv`xm, Zvdmxi, wdKn kv¯¿ I Ava¨vwZ¥KZv wkÿvjvf K‡i †`‡k wd‡ib|
gvIjvbv Avãym mvjvg (Rb¥:1926): mv‡neivgcyi, gv`vixcyi| gynvwÏm, gv`vixcyi Avngvw`qv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avjv DwÏb Avj Avhnvix (in.) [g„. 1978]: mv‡neivgcyi, KvjwKwb, gv`vixcyi| 1959 mv‡j
wZwb miKvwi gvìvmv Avwjqvq †jKPvivi c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb GLv‡b bvmvC kixd cvV`vb K‡ib|
‡gv‡gbkvnx
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãym mvgv` (in.) [1922-1984]: KvZjv‡mb, †gv‡gbkvnx| wZwb KvZjv‡mb Kv‡`wiqv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM jvf Kivi ci †_‡K AvgiY nv`x‡mi `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv wgqv ûmvBb (in.)[ 1907-1988wLª.] gqgbwmsn
gvIjvbv †`․jZ Lvb (in.) [1904-1988 wLª.]: PvDjvB`, wÎkvj, †gv‡gbkvnx| wZwb †gv‡gbkvnx †Rjvi
dyjcyi¯’ RvwgAv Avivweqv Avkivdzj Dj~g, evwjqv Gi gynZvwgg c‡` †hvM`vb K‡i 1980 mvj ch©šÍ
nv`xm cvV`vb K‡ib|298
gvIjvbv nvweeyi ingvb (in.) [g„. 1991]: gvBRevwo, †KvZqvjx, †gv‡gbkvnx| wZwb wmivRMÄ Avwjqv
gvìvmvq 12 eQi, gyKZvMvQv AveŸvwmqv gvìvmvq 22eQi, †gv‡gbkvnx RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv gvìvmvq
8eQi Ges Ck¦iMÄ †Mvdyixqv gvìvmvq 3 eQi kvqLyj nv`xm ev cÖavb gynvwÏ‡mi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Avwid ieŸvbx (in.) [1917-1997wLª.] gqgbwmsn
gvIjvbv dqRyi ingvb (in.) [g„. 1997]: †NvgMv, dzjcyi, †gv‡gbkvnx| wZwb 1929 mv‡j gqgbkvnxi
Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqvi gynvwÏm c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Z_vq wZwb mnxn gymwjg, Avey `vD` Ges
gyqvËv gvwjK Gi Aa¨vcbv K‡ib|299
gvIjvbv Avãyi ingvb Rvgx (in.) [1917-1998wLª.] gqgbwmsn
wK‡kviMÄ
gvIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjx (in.) [g„. 1891-1976 wLª.] : Ny½vw`qv, weqvbxevRvi, wm‡jU| wZwb Kzwgjøv Rvwgqv
Avivweqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g gvìvmvq wkÿK wn‡m‡e Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| 1945 mv‡j wZwb wK‡kviM‡Ä Rvwgqv
Gg`vw`qv cÖwZôv K‡i `vIiv nv`xm K¬vm Pvjy K‡i Z_vq nv`xm cvV`v‡b wb‡R‡K wb‡qvwRZ iv‡Lb|300
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx (in.) : wK‡kviMÄ kni| wZwb 1973 mv‡j Avj Rvwgqv Avj Gg`vw`qv
wK‡kviM‡Ä kvqLyj nv`xm c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb|
gvIjvbv AvBbyÏxb (in.) [1912---wLª.] wK‡kviMÄ, gynvwÏm, nhiZbMi Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avgxbyj nK (Rb¥:1925): wK‡kviMÄ, 1958mv‡j gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e nhiZ bMi Avjxqv gvìvmvq
wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib| wZwb kvgv‡q‡j wZiwgRx I gymwjg kix‡di (wKZveyj n‡¾i) e½vbyev` K‡ib|
gvIjvbv mvjvn DÏxb jv‡nvix (in.) [g„. 2019wLª.] wK‡kviMÄ| wZwb Avj-RvwgAvZzj Bg`vw`qv,
wK‡kviM‡Äi cÖexY gynvwÏm wQ‡jb|
gvIjvbv Avhnvi Avjx Av‡bvqvi kvn (in.) [g„. 2020wLª.] wK‡kviMÄ| wZwb Avj-RvwgAvZzj Bg`vw`qv,
wK‡kviM‡Äi gynZvwgg I kvqLyj nv`xm wQ‡jb|
Uv½vBj
gvIjvbv †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (in.) [g„. 2012wLª.] evbyiMvwQ, Uv½vBj| wZwb evbyiMvwQ gvìvmvi kvqLyj nv`xm wQ‡jb|
298 gynv¤§` Avãyj Kvwì, nhiZ gvIjvbv †`ŠjZ Avjx, we`vqx cqMvg, †gv‡gbkvnx: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Avkivwdqv, 1996,c„.32
299 gvIjvbv nv¤§v`yi ingvb, gyRvwn‡` wgjøvZ gvIjvbv dqRyi ingvb, we`vqx cqMvg, †gv‡gbkvnx: Rvwgqv Avivweqv Avkivwdqv,
1996,c„.11
300 gynv¤§` Avmv`yj Avjg, gvIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjx ¯§iwYKv, †gv‡gbkvnx: Avj RvwgAv Avj Bmjvwgqv, 1997 wLª., c„. 40
465
PÆMÖvg wefvM
gvIjvbv Avãyj Iqvnve (in.) [Rb¥. 1899]: iæûjøvcyi, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| wZwb nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g
gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmvq wmnvn wmËvi `vim cÖ`vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwg` (1870-1920 wLª.): gvìvmv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMªvg| gynvwÏm, d‡Zncyi bv‡miæj
Bmjvg gvìvmv, nvUnvRvix|
gvIjvbv IqvRxûjøvn m›Øxcx (g„.1920 wLª.): m›Øxcx, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Avngw`qv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvmvb (1850-1920 wLª.): nvB`Kvw›`, gximvivB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, PÆMÖvg gynwmwbqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv AvwRRyi ingvb, (1862-1921 wLª.): eveybMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, AvjRvwgAv Avj
Avivweqv bvwmiæj Bmjvg, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyj nvB (1859-1921 wLª.): †nW gvIjvbv I gynvwÏm, Pkgv‡q ingZ gvìvmv, MvRxcyi|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxb Lvb †iRfx (R.1921 wLª.): cvnvoZjx, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Avjg kvn cvov Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMªvg|
gvIjvbv gyRvd&di Avng` (in.) [R. 1925]: mv‡nejvjx, gximvivB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, RvwgAv Avngvw`qv
mywbœqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDmyd (R.1927 wLª.): eveybMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Pvwiqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g
gvìvmv, bvwRi nvU, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv bhxi Avngv` Av‡bvqvix (1813-1937 wLª.): Pvwiqv, nvUvRvix, PÆMªvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix
`viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv RgxiæÏxb (1878-1940): ïqvwej, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj
Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv GdvR DwÏb(1863-1943 wLª.): Mnxiv, ivDRvb, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g
gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv nvexeyjøvn (1865-1943 wLª.): Pvwiqv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g
gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv bhxi Avngv` (1890-1944 wLª.): Pvwiqv, nvUvRvix, PÆMªvg| †nW gvIjvbv, `viæj Dj~g Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv IevB`yi ingvb (1900-1948 wLª.): gvìvmv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm I gynZvwgg, Avj
Rvwgqv Avj Bmjvwgqv,cwUqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` b~iæjøvn (1899-1951 wLª.): m›Øxc, PÆMÖvg| gygZvRyj gynvwÏm, KwjKvZv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv mvC` Avng` (1882-1955 wLª.): m›Øxc, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm I gynvwÏm, Pvwiqv Kvwmgyj
Dj~g gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv BqvKze (1897-1958 wLª.): wRwi, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj
Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avgxbyjøvn eveybMix (1892-1958 wLª.): eveybMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, eveybMi
Avhxhyj Dj~g gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK, (1905-1960 wLª.): PiKvbvB, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Rwgwiqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g,
cwUqv,PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxb eveybMix (1894-1960 wLª.): eveybMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgAv
Bmjvwgqv AvRxRyj Dj~g, eveybMi, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv AvjvDwÏb (g„. 1998): P›`bkvB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, †mvenvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
466
gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb (1886-1964 wLª.): DZeZi, Rj`x, evkLvwj, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, Avj-
RvwgAv Avj-Avivweqv,cwUqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` IevB`yj nK (1903-1964 wLª.): †KDwPqv, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| Aa¨ÿ I gynvwÏm, †dbx
Avwjqv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj (g„.1966 wLª.): iæìv, Av‡bvqviv, PÆMÖvg| gynZvwgg I gynvwÏm, Avj-RvwgAv
Avj-Bmjvwgqv Avj-Avivweqv gyhvwni Avj-Dj~g, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avng` nvmvb (1882-1967): wRwi, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Avj-Rv‡gAv Avj Avivweqv wRwi|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvãyR Rjxj (g„.1967 wLª.): Pvwiqv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv
Kvwmgyj Dj~g, Pvwiqv, nvUvnvRvwi|
gvIjvbv gyhvd&di Avng` (1904-1971 wLª.): gynvwÏm, PzbZx nvKxwgqv Avwjqv gv`vimv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv mv‡jn Avngv` (1902-1972 wLª.): nwiYLvBb, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, Avj-RvwgAv
Avj-Avivweqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvwdh(1921-1973 wLª.): PvZix, Av‡bvqviv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, †mvenvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avwgi nvgRv(1892-1974 wLª.): mwZcvov, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, mvZKvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj MwY (in.) [1896-1976]: wgVvbvjv, gximvivB, PÆMÖvg| wZwb d‡q‡R Avg gvìvmvq
wkÿKZv Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1902 mv‡j mywdqv bywiqv gvìvmvq †hvM`vb K‡i 1970 mvj ch©šÍ nv`xm
wkÿv`vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn (1892-1976 wLª.): †gKnj, nvUvnvRx, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj
Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avgxb(1905-1977 wLª.): `yi`ywi, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, `viæj Dj~g Avwjqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gvIjvbv kvn Avãyj gRx` (1890-1977 wLª.): Mvivw½qv, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| Aa¨ÿ I gynvwÏm,
Mvivw½qv Avwjqv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv b~i Avngv` (1908-1978 wLª.): L›`wKqv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, `viæj wn`vqv, †cvikv, bIMuv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj nK (in) (1882-1979 wLª.): †evqvjLvwj, LigØxc, PÆMÖvg cvV`v‡bi ¯’vb: wbR evm¯’vb,
cvV`v‡bi welq: wmnvn wmËvn|
gvIjvbv Aveyj gyRvd&di (1907-1979 wLª.) : c`yqv, †jvnvMvov, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, mvZKvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv dqRyjøvn (1898-1979 wLª.): eveybMi, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, PzbZx nvwKgxqv Avwjqv
gv`vimv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Beivnxg (1917-1980 wLª.): QËvinvU, Av‡bvqviv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, PzbwZ mvZKvwbqv
Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Beivnxg (1917-1980 wLª.): gynvwÏm, PzbwZ nvKxwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmgvCj (1898-1980 wLª.): gynvwÏm, `viæj Dj~g Avwjqv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv nvwdR Aveyj nvmvb (1891-1981 wLª.): Rjw`, evkLvwj, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Rjw` †nvmvBwbqv
gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avwjg DwÏb, (1922-1983 wLª.): gvBRfvÐvi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, bvbycyi Ievqw`qv
†n`v‡qZzj Bmjvg gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx (g„.1983 wLª.): gximvivB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avwgi †nvmvBb, (1911-1984 wLª.): iæìv, Av‡bvqviv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm,Rwgwiqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g,
cwUqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avey Zv‡ni gynv¤§` bv‡Ri (1922-1985 wLª.): eo‡Nvc, KzZzew`qv, K·evRvi| gynvwÏm, RvwgAv
Avngvw`qv mywbœqv Kvwgj gv`vimv, PÆMÖvg|
467
gvIjvbv gvQD`yj nK (1918-1985 wLª.): cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv Ievqw`qv, bvbycyi|
gvIjvbv gwZDi ingvb wbhvgx (1921-1986 wLª.): †g․Vevwoqv, wgimvivB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, `viæj Dj~g, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gvngy`yj nK LZxwZex (1907-1986wLª,): KvjvDRvb, †jvnvMov, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, gwnDm mybœvn
gvìvmv, †gLj|
gvIjvbv b~iæj nK (1918-1987 wLª.): RvwgiRywi, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm I gynZvwgg, Avj Rv‡gAv
Avj Avivweqv wRwi, PÆMÖvg |
gvIjvbv nv‡g` (1917-1987 wLª.): nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDmyd Bmjvgvev`x (1915-1988 wLª.): gvk©v, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, gydwZ I
Aa¨ÿ, mvZKvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv IevB`yi ingvb(1923-1990 wLª.): BgvgbMi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgAv
Bmjvwgqv AvRxRyj Dj~g, eveybMi, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv IqvjxDjøvn Avj-ûmvBbx (1908-1990 wLª.): m›Øxc, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv
gvngyw`qv, ewikvj|
gvIjvbv b~iæj nK (1911-1990 wLª.): †`․jZcyi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv
AvRxRyj Dj~g, eveybMi, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Aveyj nvmvb(1918-1992 wLª.): ayis, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, nvUnvRvix `viæj Dj~g gCbyj
Bmjvg gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gvhnviæj Bmjvg (1915-1992 wLª.): dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, `viæj gvAvwid Bmjvwgqv
gvìvmv, PÆMªvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BDbym (1909-1992 wLª.): †gLj, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, Avj-RvwgAv
Avj-Avivweqv,cwUqv|
gvIjvbv myjZvb Avng` (1899-1992 wLª.): wgR©vwLj, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| cÖavb gynvwÏm, Mvivw½qv
Avwjqv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gxi †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv (1911-1993 wLª.): gynvwÏm, mvZKvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv •mq` kvgmyj û`v (1932-1993 wLª.): †ZjcviB, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| Aa¨ÿ I gynvwÏm,
†Qvenvwbqv Avwjqv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avãyi ikx` (in.) [1900-1994 wLª.]: Mv½vwiqv, mvZKvwbqv, PÆMÖvg| wZwb 1984 mvj †_‡K
Mvivw½qv Avwjqv gvìvmvq †nW gvIjvbv c‡` †hvM`vb K‡ib| Bjwg nv`x‡mi wL`gZ K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Kwei Avng` (1946-1995 wLª.): eo‡Nvbv, evkLvjx, PÆMÖvg| Aa¨ÿ I gynvwÏm, Iqv‡Rw`qv
Avwjqv gvìvmv, evkLvjx, PÆMªvg|
gvIjvbv mvqx` Avng` (1914-1995 wLª.): Mnxiv, Av‡bvqviv, PÆMÖvg| cÖavb gynvwÏm, Pvwiqv Kvwmgyj
Dj~g gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avng` (1905-1996 wLª.): †gvniv, Pv›`MvI, PÆMªvg| gynvwÏm, Rwgwiqv Kvwmgyj Dj~g, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` BmnvK (g„.1997 wLª.): KvbvBgv`vi, P›`bvBk, PÆMÖvg| kvqLyj nv`xm, mvZKvwbqv
Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avwj Avng` K`yiwLjx (g„. 1962): K`yiwLj, †evqvjLvjx, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, Avj Rvwgqv Avj
Bmjvwgqv, cwUqv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv BDmyd (g„. 1998): Mo`yqviv, nvUnvRvix, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, †gLj gvìvmv, nvUnvRvix|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvãyR RveŸvi (1933-1998 wLª.): eo nvwZqv, †jvnvMov, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm I Aa¨ÿ,
evBZzk kid Av`k© gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` nvmvb (1899-1998 wLª.): ivqcyi, dwUKQwo, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, iv½v‡Nvbv gvìvmv, PÆMÖvg|
468
gvIjvbv Avãyj AvDqvj †dviKvbx (in.): wgVvbvjv, gximvivB, PÆMÖvg| gynvwÏm, RvwgAv Avngvw`qv mywbœqv
Kvwgj gv`vimv, PÆMÖvg|
gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb (in.): kg‡kicvov, Pv›`MvuI, PÆMÖvg| †nW gynvwÏm, PÆMÖvg `viæj Dj~g gvìvmv|
K·evRvi
gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg gyR‡ni Avng` (R.1912 wLª.): mvnviwej, PKwiqv, PÆMÖvg| wZwb 1952 mvj †_‡K
1982 mvj ch©šÍ K·evRvi nv‡kwgqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm I Aa¨ÿ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Aveyj dKxn gynv¤§` dziKvb (1910-1977 wLª.): L›`Kvivcvov, g‡nkLvjx, PÆMÖvg| wZwb cÖ_‡g QviQxbv
Avwjqv, AZtci PÆMÖvg A‡Rw`qv Ges PÆMÖvg `viæj Djy‡g `xN© 28 eQi nv`xmkv‡¯¿i cvV `vb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv wmwÏK nvmvb (g„. 1987 wLª.): eiBZjx, PKwiqv, PÆMÖvg| wZwb 1966 mvj †_‡K 1986 mvj
ch©šÍ AvjvRvwgAv AvjBmjvwgqvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e gymwjg I Avey `vD` kixd cvV`vb K‡ib|
‡bvqvLvjx
gvIjvbv Avjx AvRg(Rb¥:1913): Avjv`xb bMi, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv,
ivqcyi Avwjqv gvìvmv Ges 1957 mv‡j MvRxgyov Avwjqv gvìvmvq kvqLyj nv`xm wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nb|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Ave`ym †mvenvb (in.): †bvqvLvjx, dv‡R‡j KvwjKvZv, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1913-
1919 Bs) †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Dhv‡qi ¸j †ckIqvix (in.): cvwK¯Ívb, dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ,
(1946-1953), †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg (g„. 1958 wLª.): ivRvivg cyi, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Ave`ym †mvenvb (in.), †bvqvLvjx, dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1 Rvby
1967 - 27 RyjvB 19968), †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gyn¤§` BqvKze kixd (R. 1928 wLª.): mv‡`Kcyi, †mbevM, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm, XvKv miKvwi
gvìvmv-B- Avwjqv Ges Aa¨ÿ, miKvwi wm‡jU Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv dRjyj Kixg (R. 1933 wLª.): gvnv‡è cyi, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm, cv½vwkqv Avwjqv gvìvmv,
dwi`MÄ Avwjqv gvìvmvq AvU eQi nv`xm Aa¨vcbv K‡ib, AZtci †bvqvLvjx KvivgvwZqv Avwjqv
gvìvmvq cÖavb gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
gvIjvbv †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb (1919-1960 wLª.): Avãyjøvn cyi, †bvqvLvjx| Aa¨vcK, KwjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmv| wZwb wZiwgRx kix‡di `vim w`‡Zb|
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvjxg (1916-1961 wLª.): Piajx, †Kv¤úvwbMÄ, †bvqvLvjx| †nW gvIjvbv, †dbx `viæj
Dj~g Avj-‡nvmvBwbqv, Ijvgv evRvi, †bvqvLvjx|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` byiæjøvn (1908-1968 wLª.): gxi Avjxcyi, †eMgMÄ, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx
Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avhxhyjøvn (1902-1982 wLª.): mv‡`Kcyi, †mbevM, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm I Aa¨ÿ, †bvqvLvjx
KvivgvwZqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Aveyj Kv‡mg (in.), †bvqvLvjx| †nW gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj nvjxg (1913-1991 wLª.): Piajx, †Kv¤úvwbMÄ, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm I gynZvwgg, `viæj
Dj~g Avj-‡nvmvBwbqv, Ijvgv evRvi, †bvqvLvjx|
gvIjvbv Avey bmi gynv¤§` bRxeyjøvn (1916-1996 wLª.): Kv‡mgbMi, ivgMÄ, †bvqvLvjx| wZwb 1936-
1939 mvj ch©šÍ †bvqvLjx KvivgvwZqv Avwjqvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci wZwb e¸ov
miKvwi gy¯Ídvweqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq `ÿZvimv‡_ nv`x‡mi cvV`vb I Aa¨‡ÿi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv mwdK Djøvn (in.), †bvqvLvjx| †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv kdxKzjøvn ewkicyi, †bvqvLvjx| 1949 mvj †_‡K 1978 mvj ch©šÍ e¸ov miKvwi gy¯Ídvweqv
Avwjqv gvìvmvq `ÿZvimv‡_ nv`x‡mi cvV`vb|
469
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyi ingvb, Kvwgj, Gg.G †bvqvLvjx| Aa¨ÿ,(1984-1993), †bvqvLvjx
Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv QdxDjøvn (1904-2008 wLª.): gymvcyi, †Kv¤úwbMÄ, †bvqvLvjx| gynvwÏm I Aa¨ÿ, avgZx
Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, Kzwgjøv (1940-1981)|
j²xcyi
gvIjvbv gy¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb (1919-1960 wLª.): Avãyjøvncyi, j²xcyi| gynvwÏm, miKvwi gvìvmv-B-
Avwjqv, XvKv|
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` †gvevivKzjøvn (g„. 1961 wLª.): gv›`vix, j²xcyi| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Avwjqv gv`vivmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj Avhxh (1881-1962 wLª.): eUZjx, j²xcyi| gynvwÏm I gynZvwgg, Avkivdzj Dj~g, eUZjx|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Ave`yj MwY (in.), j²xcyi, dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1968-1977),
†bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRR Djøvn (in.), j²xcyi, dv‡R‡j KwjKvZv, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1977-1984),
gvIjvbv Avãyj gv‡jK (1932-1992 wLª.): `Ëcvov, j²xcyi| 1978 mv‡j gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv bvwQi Avng` (in.), j²xcyi, †nW gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj gyCh (1919-1994 wLª.): eUZjx, j²xcyi| gynvwÏm I gydwZ, jvjevM RvwgAv KziAvwbqv
Avivweqv, XvKv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Ave`yj nvbœvb (in.), †dbx, †nW gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
‡dbx
gvIjvbv Avjx Avhg (1919-1964 wLª.): dvwhjcyi, `vMbf~Tv, †dbx| gynvwÏm, miKvwi gvìvmv-B-
Avwjqv, XvKv|
gvIjvbv nvexeyi ingvb (in.) [g„. 2019wLª.] dzjMvRx, †dbx| wZwb RvwgAv Avkiwdqv, dyjMvRxi kvqLyj
nv`xm wQ‡jb|
Kzwgjøv
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Avjx AvKei (in), Kzwgjøv, dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1967-1967),
gvIjvbv Aveyj nv‡kg (R.1946 wLª.): dv‡Znvev`, avgZx, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, (1966-1989) avgZx
Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, Kzwgjøv| cÖavb dwKn, (1989-2007)‡mvbvKv›`v `viæj û`v Kvwgj gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv ew`Dj Avjg (in.), Kzwgjøv| †nW gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj AvDqvj (g„.1955): `vovP, jvKmvg, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, `viæj Dj~g Avwjqv gvìvmv,
PÆMÖvg I QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi|
gvIjvbv Imgvb MYx (1906-1962 wLª.): P›`bcyyi, nvRxMÄ, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, miKvwi gvìvmv-B-
Avwjqv, XvKv|
gvIjvbv Kyievb Avjx (1909- 1968 wLª.): evNgviv, eiæov, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, Avj-RvwgAv Avj-
Bmjvwgqv, eiæov, Kzwgjøv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` AvRxgyÏxb Avngv` (1894-1974 wLª.): cÙKzU, †èxØvi, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm,(4eQi)
QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi Ges Aa¨ÿ, avgZx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv, Kzwgjøv |
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx (1897-1975 wLª.): Kkev, Kzwgjøv| kvqLyj nv`xm, Avj-RvwgAv Avj-Bg`v`xqv,
wK‡kviMÄ|
gvIjvbv †`jvIqvi ûmvBb (1908-1977 wLª.): †dbyqv, jvKmvg, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv
Avwjqv gvìvmv|
470
gvIjvbv KvivgvZ Avjx (g„. 1994 wLª.): cy¤v^ Bk, eiæov, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, Avj-RvwgAv Avj-Bmjvwgqv,
eiæov, Kzwgjøv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Ave`yj gwZb (in.): Kzwgjøv| †nW gynvwÏm, †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gvKQz`yi ingvb (19941-1994 wLª.): wmsivBk, †P․ÏMÖvg, Kzwgjøv| gynvwÏm, Kzwgjøv Avwjqv
gvìvmv, Kzwgjøv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` ZvdvRyj †nvmvBb (1905-1995 wLª.): Kvjvmv`viw`qv, `vD`Kvw›`, Kzwgjøv| kvqLyj
nv`xm, eoKvUiv †nvmvBwbqv Avkivdzj Dj~g gvìvmv|
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv iwdKzj nK, Kzwgjøv, Aa¨ÿ, (1994-2003), †bvqvLvjx Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
Pvu`cyi
kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv Bw`ªm (in.): Puv`cyi, dv‡R‡j †Ìe›`, fviZ| Aa¨ÿ, (1919-1945), †bvqvLvjx
Bmjvwgqv Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj Kixg iƒcmvnx ûRyi (1905-1962 wLª.): fv‡Zi †nD, dwi`MÄ, Pvu`cyi| gynvwÏm, 1937
QviQxbv Avwjqv gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi|
eªvþYevwoqv
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx` (g„. 1987 wLª.): †cUzqvRyix, eªvþYevwoqv| (1963-1968) mvj ch©šÍ
KvZjv‡mb Avwjqv gvìvmv Ges 1979 mvj ch©šÍ gy³vMvQv AveŸvwmqv Avwjqv gvìvmvq Bjwg nv`x‡mi
wL`gZ K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Avng` †nvmvBb †P․ayix (g„. 1993 wLª.): `vD`cyi, mvuZMvI, eªvþYevwoqv| gynvwÏm, miKvwi
gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv, XvKv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj Lv‡jK wKqvgcyix (g„. 2019 wLª.): eªvþYevwoqv| gynvwÏm, Rvwgqv `viæmmybœvn MjgyKvcb
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
wm‡jU wefvM
wm‡jU
gvIjvbv AvãyR RveŸvi (1930-19 wLª.): RwKMÄ, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, mrcyi, dzjgwZ I BmvgwZ Avwjqv
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv Beivnxg Zkbv (1872-1933 wLª.): eUBAvBj, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| gynZvwgg, Bg`v`yj Dj~g,
IgiMÄ, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv †gv. nvexeyi ingvb (R.1934 wLª.): eviB, RwKMÄ| wZwb 1963-1974 mvj ch©šÍ mrcyi `viæj
nv`xm Avwjqv gvìvmv gynvwÏm c‡` Ges 2 eQi Aa¨ÿ c‡` BQvgwZ Avwjqv gvìvmvq, Avevi c~bivq
`viæj nv`xm Avwjqv gvìvmv †hvM`vb K‡i 1999 mvj ch©šÍ Bjwg nv`x‡mi wL`gZ K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Avng` Avjx `~M©vcyix (1885-1935 wLª.): `~Mv©cyi, wm‡jU| kvqLyj nv`xm, MvQevox gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv †gvnv¤§` Zv‡ni wm‡jUx(1856-1940 wLª.): euvkevwo, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, KwjKvZv
Kzjy‡Uvjv gvìvmv| wZwb Beb gvRvi GKwU fvl¨MÖš’ I RyÔAvdv Beb gvRvn bvgK wiRvj kv‡¯¿i iPwqZv|
gvIjvbv B`ªxm evBqgcyix (1879-1942 wLª.): evBqgcyi, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| kvqLyj nv`xm, jvjiPK
ingvwbqv gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv Ave`ym mvjvg (1881-1952 wLª.): evbxMÖvg, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, wm‡jU Avwjqv
gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Rûiæj nK (1889-1964 wLª.): eviVvKzix, RwKMÄ, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, †eMg evRvi Kvwmgyj Bjyg
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv †bmvi Avjx (1906-1967 wLª.):wS½vevwo, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, wS½vevox Avwjqv
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
471
gvIjvbv dRjyi ingvb †P․ayix (1911-1966 wLª.): wbjv¤îcyi, RwKMÄ, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm I gynZvwgg,
RvwgAv gynv¤§vw`qv nvwoKvw›`, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv gvngy` Avjx (1912-1967 wLª.): nvRxcyi, †MvjvcMÄ, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, evNv Avivweqv
†nvmvBwbqv gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv †bmvi Avjx (1906-1967 wLª.):wS½vevwo, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, wS½vevox Avwjqv
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` †nvmvBb (1890-1972 wLª.): wbRcvU, •bšÍvcyi, wm‡jU| gynvwÏm, †KvjKvZv Avwjqv
gvìvmv, kvqLyj nv`xm, MvQevox RvwgDj Dj~g, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv gwneŸyi ingvb (1911-1980 wLª.): †bvqvMÖvg, wm‡jU| kvqLyj nv`xm, MniWv½v gvìvmv,
†MvcvjMÄ; MvQevox RvwgDj Dj~g; gy³vMvQv AveŸvwmqv Avwjqv gvìvmv, †gv‡gbkvnx; evnv`yi cyi Avwjqv
gvìvmv, kixqZ cyi|
gvIjvbv RvIqv` †nvmvBb cviKzjx (1923-1996 wLª.): ivRvMÄ, KvbvBNvU, wm‡jU| kvqLyj nv`xm,
nhiZbMi Avwjqv gvìvmv, wm‡jU| RvwgAv Bmjvwgqv, ivRvMÄ, wm‡jU| Avkivdzj Dj~g, †gv‡gbkvnx|
gvIjvbv BDbym Avjx (1931-1998 wLª.): ivqMo, wm‡jU| kvqLyj nv`xm, `viæj Dj~g †nvmvBwbqv
gvìvmv, wm‡jU|
gvIjvbv iBQ DwÏb (1953-2001 wLª.): nvgRvcyi, wek¦bv_, wm‡jU| wZwb 1980-2001 mvj ch©šÍ mrcyi
`viæj nv`xm Avwjqv gvìvmvq Bjwg nv`x‡mi wL`gZ K‡ib|
gvIjvbv Bgv` DÏxb †P․ayix (1947-2008 wLª.): dzjZwj, RwKMÄ, wm‡jU| wZwb mrcyi Avwjqv gvìvmv
Ges BQvgwZ Avwjqv gvìvmvq gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e cvV`vb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b wZwb ev‡` †ÌivBj dzjZjx
Kvwgj gvìvmvi nv`xm wefv‡M (Kvwgj †kÖwY‡Z) eyLvix kix‡di `vim `vb K‡ib|
ewikvj wefvM
ewikvj
gvIjvbv G. †K. Gg. Rûiæj nK (1919-2004 wLª.): avIqv, fvÐvwiqv, wc‡ivRcyi| Aa¨ÿ I gynvwÏm,
Avnmvbvev` ikxw`qv Avwjqv gvìvmv, ewikvj|
gvIjvbv Avãyj gvbœvb (R.): Pi‡gvbvB, ewikvj| gynvwÏm, Pi‡gvbvB Avnmvbvev` Avwjqv gvìvmv|
wc‡ivRcyi
W. gvIjvbv G. †K. Gg. AvBqye Avjx (g„. 1995 wLª.): †ZjxLvjx, fvÐvwiqv, wc‡ivRcyi| Aa¨ÿ, 1970
miKvwi gvìvmv-B- Avwjqv, wm‡jU Ges (1973-1979) mvj ch©šÍ miKvwi gvìvmv-B-Avwjqv, XvKv |
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avhxhyi ingvb †bQvivev`x (1911-2008 wLª.): evmÛv (‡bQvivev`), SvjKvwV| gynvwÏm
I Dcva¨ÿ,(1947-1969) QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmv, wc‡ivRcyi|
gvIjvbv Avãym mvËvi wenvix: KvwjevM, Pv¤úvib, wenvi, fviZ| gynvwÏm, QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj
gvìvmv, wc‡ivRcyi|
cUzqvLvjx
gvIjvbv Gm Gg d‡Zn Avjx: eo Wvwjgv, evDdj, cUzqvLvwj| gynvwÏm, (1962-1995 wLª.) cv½vwkqv
Avwjqv gvìvmv, cUzqvLvjx|
†fvjv
gvIjvbv mvjvûÏxb (g„.1987 wLª.): bexbMi, jvj‡gvnb, †fvjv| gynvwÏm, (1973-1976) RvwgAv Avj-
Bmjvwgqv Avj-gvngyw`qv, ewikvj; (1977-1983) ch©šÍ jvjevM gvìvmv; AZtci (1984-1987) ch©šÍ
gynv¤§w`qv Avivweqv gvìvmv, hvÎvevwo|
472
ivRkvnx wefvM
ivRkvnx
gvIjvbv ZKx DwÏb Avivex : Î‡qv`k kZvãxi cÖ_gw`‡K ivRkvnxi gwnmy‡b GKwU gvìvmv cÖwZôv K‡ib|
GwU DËi e‡½i cÖvPxbZg gvìvmv|
e¸ov
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Avjx (R.1922 wLª.): gyiBj, Kvnvjy, e¸ov| gynvwÏm I Dcva¨ÿ,(1953-1989) e¸ov
†gv¯Ídvweqv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
PvcvBbeveMÄ
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` evnviæÏxb (R.1935 wLª.): evej‡evbv, wkeMÄ, beveMÄ| gynvwÏm,1960mv‡j evwbqvcvov
Avwjqv gvìvmv, e¸ov| 1964 mv‡j MvBevÜv gwngvMÄ Avwjqv gvìvmv, 1976 mv‡j ivavKvšÍcyi Avwjqv
gvìvmv, beveMÄ| 1977 mv‡j evwbqvcvov Avwjqv gvìvmv, 1983 mv‡j beveM‡Äi cÖv mv` cyi gvìvmv
Ges Dca¨vÿ (1989-1997) ksKievwU wndhyj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` gywReyi ingvb (1938wLª.): †cvjWv½v, †Mvg¯Ívcyi, beveMÄ| gynvwÏm, (1971-1974)
MvBevÜv gwngvMÄ Avwjqv gvìvmv, AZtci Aa¨ÿ, ksKievwU wndhyj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Aveyj Kv‡mg gynv¤§` †nvmvBb (g„.1996 wLª.): gvIwocvov, beveMÄ| gynvwÏm,(1974-1990)
ksKievwU wndhyj Dj~g Kvwgj gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wMqvmyÏxb: PievMWv½v, beveMÄ| gynvwÏm,(1968-1994) ksKievwU wndhyj Dj~g Kvwgj
gvìvmv|
iscyi wefvM
gvIjvbv kvgmyj Bmjvg Iqvnx`x: fvsbx, wgVvcyKzi, iscyi| gynvwÏm, (1984-1992) eo iscyi
gvIjvbv BgvgyÏxb : eRiv, KzwoMÖvg| gynvwÏm I †nW gvIjvbv, (1949-1967) e¸ov †gv¯Ídvweqv Avwjqv
gvìvmv|
Lyjbv wefvM
gvIjvbv Aveyj Lvqi gynv¤§` Avãyj Avhxh (g„.1977 wLª.): IjvgvMÄ, †gv‡ojMÄ, ev‡MinvU| gynvwÏm I
Dcva¨vÿ, QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi|
gvIjvbv Avey nvwbdv gynv¤§` BmnvK Avjx (1952-1988 wLª.): PvKjv, Avkvïwb, mvZÿxiv| gynvwÏm,
mvZÿxiv Avwjqv gvìvmv|
gvIjvbv Avãyj Kvwì (1954-1990 wLª.): eowkevIqv, †gv‡ojMÄ, ev‡MinvU| gynvwÏm,(1968-1972)
Lyjbv Avwjqv gvìvmv; (1973-1990) QviQxbv `viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi|
gvIjvbv gynv¤§` wiÌqvbyj Kixg (g„.2014wLª.): PwÐcyi, k¨vgbMi, mvZÿxiv| gynvwÏm, QviQxbv
`viæ”Qzbœvr Kvwgj gvìvmv, wc‡ivR cyi|
D³ we‡køl‡Y evsjvfvlx cÖL¨vZ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi cwiPq I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb
cÖm‡½ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q 1952 †_‡K 2015 mvj ch©šÍ Avwjqv, KIgx I wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡qi
evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi ga¨ †_‡K we‡klÁ‡ì civgk©µ‡g evQvBK…Z cÖvq 100 Rb nv`xmwe‡ì
mswÿß Rxebv‡jL¨ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zuv‡ì Ae`v‡bi (nv`xm Aa¨vcbv I cÖPvi-cÖmvi, mswkøó
wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv I nv`xm wkÿv cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb) ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI wefvMwfwËK
cÖvq `yÕkZ gynvwÏ‡mi AwZmswÿß cwiwPwZ I ZvwjKv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
473
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv I M‡elYvi djvdj, mycvwikgvjv, Dcmsnvi I MÖš’cwÄ
mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbv I M‡elYvi djvdj

Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡g Awfm›`f©wU GKwU ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK M‡elYvKg©| G
M‡elYv wk‡ivbvgwU m¦ívqZ‡bi; wKš‘ Gi cwiwa-e¨vwß, Zvrch© I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg| ZvB eÿgvb
M‡elYvi m~Pbvc‡e© mswkøó mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbvi Dci wfwË K‡i Gi cÖkm œ g~n, D‡Ïk¨, †h․w³KZv,
†g․jcÖZ¨q, cwiwa, D™¢vweZ M‡elYv c×wZ Ges M‡elYvi mxgve×Zv Dc¯’vcb Kivi gva¨‡g cÖ¯ÍvweZ
iƒc‡iLvi †h․w³KZvi c~bg©~j¨vqb n‡q‡Q| eZ©gvb M‡elYvi welqe¯‘‡K Mfxifv‡e Dcjwã Kiv, g~j †_‡K
Z_¨-DcvË DÑvUb-AvniY I M‡elYvi avivevwnKZv iÿv Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b AwZ ms‡ÿ‡c nv`x‡mi cwiPq,
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I bexhy‡M nv`xm PP©v m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GiB µgavivq mvnvev,
Zvwe, ZveDZ-Zvwe Ges ZrcieZx© cÂg kZvãx ch©šÍ cÖYxZ cÖwm× nv`xm MÖš’mg~‡ni bvwZ`xN© ch©v‡jvPbv
D×…Z n‡q‡Q|
eZ©gvb M‡elYvi g~jcÖwZcv`¨ evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v| ZvB Gi m~Pbv I µgweKvk aviv AbymÜv‡b †`Lv
‡M‡Q, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k mvnvev wKiv‡gi AvMgb n‡qwQj bexhy‡M| d‡j †mLv‡b Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii
ïfm~PbvI n‡qwQj bex (mv.) Gi RxeÏkvq| GiB avivevwnKZvq nhiZ Igi, Dmgvb I gyqvweqv (iv) Gi
kvmbvg‡j Z_vq A‡bK mvnvex, ZvweCi AvMgb N‡U| Zv‡ì c`v¼ AbymiY K‡i cieZx©‡Z eû Avwjg,
gynvwÏm-gyevwjøM I m~dx-ì‡ek fviZe‡l© c`vc©Y K‡ib| hviv †mLv‡b Bmjvg cÖPvi I nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©vq
e¨vcK Ae`vb iv‡Lb Ges Zv hyM hyM a‡i Pjgvb i‡q‡Q| ch©vqµ‡g Zviv evsjv‡`‡kI Bmjvg cÖPvi-
cÖmvi I nv`xmkv¯¿ PP©v Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| cÖvPxb eû ¯’vcbv I cÖwZôvb Zv‡ì Kvh©µ‡gi mvÿ¨
enb K‡i| G Qvov evsjv fvlvi BwZnv‡mi ev‡Kev‡K G fvlvq nv`xm kix‡di PPv©, fvlvšÍi I weKvk
m¤úwK©Z Z_¨vw` AbymÜvb I wePvi-we‡køl‡Y †`Lv †M‡Q, evsjv fvlvi cÖvPxb I ga¨ hy‡M G fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi †Zgb †Kvb wb`k©b Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e AvaywbK hy‡Mi m~PbvjMœ †_‡KB evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi wKQz wKQz wb`k©b cvIqv hvq| wesk kZvãx‡Z G‡m Zv‡Z e¨vcK MwZ mÂvwiZ nq| we‡klZ 1952
mvj †_‡K µgvMÖmiZvi avivq eZ©gv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v kxl© ch©vq i‡q‡Q|
†Kvb wel‡q iwPZ MÖš’ n‡”Q †m wel‡qi `vwjwjK cÖgvY| ZvB evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v Kx cwigvb n‡q‡Q Zv
G wel‡q iwPZ MÖš’ ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mn‡RB Aby‡gq| 1952 mvj †_‡K eZ©gvb (2021) ch©šÍ
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ evsjv fvlvq iwPZ, msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z I e¨vL¨vZ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i ¯îƒc I •ewk‡óï ch©v‡jvPbvq
†`Lv †M‡Q, G fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ 79wU, Ab~w`Z 123wU, e¨vL¨vg~jK 14wUmn †gvU 217wU nv`xm
welqK MÖ‡š’i AbymÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q; †h¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbvi AvIZvq G‡m‡Q| D‡jøL¨, hyM wefvR‡bi `kK
we‡ePbvq cÂv‡ki `k‡K 14wU, lv‡Ui `k‡K 21wU, mË‡ii `k‡K 15wU, Avwki `k‡K 30wU, beŸBi
`k‡K 33wU, `yB nvRvi †_‡K `yB nvRvi `k ch©šÍ 37wU, `yB nvRvi `k †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ 75wU
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ nv`xm welqK MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| hv eZ©gv‡b cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki Zzjbvq cvuP¸Y †ewk| Z‡e
beŸB Gi `kK †_‡K GB A½‡b GK bZzb avivq ZvnKxK (m¤úvw`Z) I ZvLixR (Z_¨m~Î hy³) K…Z
nv`xm MÖ‡š’i e½vbyev‡ì cÖeYZv jÿ¨ Kiv †M‡Q Ges µ‡gB Zv RbwcÖqZv e„w× cv‡”Q| cvkvcvwk wewfbœ
Ònv`xm MÖ‡š’i fvl¨Ó evsjv fvlvq Abyev‡ì cÖPjb ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges µ‡gB Zv e„w× cv‡”Q| ZvB †`Lv
hv‡”Q, w`b e`‡ji mv‡_ mv‡_ evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ msKjb, Abyev` I fvl¨ MÖ‡š’i Abyev` cÖYqb Ges
‡m¸‡jvi cvVK Pvwn`v µgvMÖmigvb MwZ‡Z †e‡o Pj‡Q|
474
Aci w`‡K nv`x‡mi ï×vïw× wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡j Zv Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv‡¯¿i wba©vwiZ gvb`‡Ð DbœxZ
nIqv Avek¨K| Avi evsjv fvlvq G Avek¨Kxq `yÕwU wel‡q Kx cwigvb KvR n‡q‡Q Zv AbymÜvb Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ G fvlvq Dm~j-wiRvj kv¯¿ PP©vi m~Pbv I weKvk aviv Ges G wel‡q cÖYxZ MÖ‡š’i ¯îƒc I •ewkó¨
wePvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z 33wU MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| AbymÜv‡b †`Lv hvq, 60 Gi `k‡Ki c~‡e©
evsjv fvlvq G wel‡q ‡Kvb MÖš’ cwijwÿZ nqwb| Z‡e Dm~jyj nv`xm wel‡q 90 Gi `k‡K me©vwaK 12wU
MÖš’ iwPZ n‡jI G hver wiRvj kv‡¯¿i D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kvb MÖš’ iwPZ wKsev Ab~w`Z nqwb|
evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cÖavb gva¨g cÖwZôvb wfwËK nv`xm PP©v| G Qvov wewfbœ cÖPvi gva¨‡gI nv`xm PP©v
n‡q _v‡K| ZvB DwjøwLZ `ywU avivi m¤^š^‡q evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq wewfbœ cÖwZôvb I cÖPvi gva¨‡gi aib
I cÖK…wZ wk‡ivbv‡g G wel‡qi Z_¨vbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PPv©
we‡køl‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Avwjqv-KIgx gvìvmv, ¯‥zj-K‡jR, cvewjK-cÖvB‡fU wek¦we`¨vj‡q cwVZ nv`xm welqK
wm‡jevm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cwigvb, aib I cÖK…wZ wbiƒcY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avwjqv I KIgx gvìvmvq mg„× nv`xm wm‡jev‡m cvV`vb Kiv nq| we‡køl‡Y cvIqv ‡M‡Q,
Dfq cÖvwZôvwbK avivq wmnvwmËvni cÖwm× QqwU MÖ‡š’i mv‡_ gyqvËv Bgvg gvwjK, gyqvËv gynv¤§`, kin
gvAvwbj Avmvi, wgkKvZyj gvmvexn, wiqv`ym mvwjnxb Ges wghvbyj AvLevi, ZvBwmiæ gymZvjvûj nv`xm I
byLevZzj wdKvi cÖf„wZ nv`xm-Dm~jyj nv`x‡mi MÖš’vw` cvV¨ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡Z cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î i‡q‡Q
c×wZMZ we¯Íi mgm¨v| G Qvov mvaviY wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î AbymÜv‡b D‡V G‡m‡Q, †`‡ki cuPvbeŸB kZvsk
wkÿv_x© mvaviY wkÿveë¯’vq (¯‥zj-K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q) wkÿvMÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| wKš‘ G avivq KziAvb-
nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi my‡hvM †bB ej‡jB P‡j| A_P KziAvb-nv`xm n‡”Q •bwZKZvi g~j wfwË| ZvB Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ h_v_© •bwZK g~j¨‡eva m„wó I weKvk bv NUvq †`‡ki m‡e©v”P wWwMÖavix wkwÿZ e¨w³Z¡ nIqv m‡Ë¡I
cÖwZwbqZ eûgvwÎK A‣bwZKZvi m‡½ Rwo‡q covi msev` cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q| G wkÿvavivq
Kvw•ÿZ •bwZK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ Av`k© Rbm¤ú` m„wó‡Z e¨_© n‡”Q; d‡j RvZxq ‡UKmB Dbœqb e¨vnZ n‡”Q;
†`k I RvwZ wcwQ‡q co‡Q|
wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm PP©vi ch©v‡jvPbvq ‡`Lv †M‡Q, G wel‡q mswkøó wefv‡M M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z
n‡”Q| Z‡e wm‡jevm wfwËK cvVb`vb Zzjbvg~jK Kg nq| G †ÿ‡Î we‡klÁ‡ì mvÿvrKv‡i D‡V G‡m‡Q
†h, nv`x‡mi g~j I fvl¨MÖš’ wmsnfvM †h‡nZz Aviex fvlvq cÖYxZ; d‡j †hvM¨ wkÿv_x©‡ì Afve Ges †ÿÎ
we‡k‡l †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv m¤§vwbZ wkÿ‡Ki AvšÍwiKZvi msK‡U Zv Kvw•LZ gv‡b †cu․Qv‡”Q bv| Aciw`‡K
wewfbœ cÖPvigva¨g Z_v B‡jKUªwbK I wcÖ›U wgwWqv, I‡qemvBU, A¨vcwj‡Kkb Ges wewfbœ mvgvwRK
†hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aib, cÖK…wZ I Gi cÖfve m¤ú‡K© Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z
cÖPvigva¨‡g †hvM¨ I D`vigvbwmKZv m¤úbœ nv`xmwe` I Avwjg‡ì Afv‡e Zv‡ì wbR¯^ msKxY© gZev‡ì
ewntcÖKvk cwijwÿZ nq| d‡j `k©K-†kÖvZv‡ì gv‡S fzj †evSveywS m„wó nq| mgv‡R AkvwšÍ †b‡g Av‡m|
Avi A¨vcwj‡Kkb wbg©vZv‡ì AwaKvs‡ki †ÿ‡ÎB evwYwR¨K gbe„wËi cÖgvY wg‡j‡Q|
M‡elYv bZzb Ávb m„wó K‡i| cyivZb Ávb‡K bZzb fv‡e Dc¯’vcb K‡i| ZvB evsjv fvlvq nv`xm welqK
M‡elYv wk‡ivbv‡g AbymÜvb Pvjv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwU G‡Kev‡iB bZzb M‡elYvi †ÿÎ| ZvB D³ wel‡q
BwZtc~‡e© D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kvb KvR bv _vKvq †Kej cÖv_wgK Z_¨vwì Dci wfwË K‡i AbymÜvb Kg© cwiPvjbv
Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| G‡Z wewfbœ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mswkøó wefvMmg~‡n Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖ jv‡fi D‡Ï‡k¨
`vwLjK…Z 90wU Awfm›`‡f©i mÜvb cvIqv ‡M‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q 08wU Gg.wdj I 15wU
wcGBP.wW., ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q 02wU Gg.wdj I 13wU wcGBP.wW., PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡q 02wU Gg.wdj
475
I 04wU wcGBP.wW., Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vj‡q 28wU Gg.wdj I 18wU wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f© iwPZ n‡q‡Q|
DwjøwLZ M‡elYvK‡g©i cvh©v‡jvPbv eZ©gvb w_wm‡m Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D³ Awfm›`f©¸‡jvi gva¨‡g
nv`xm welqK A‡bK ARvbv Z_¨ evsjv mvwnZ¨ fvÐvi‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| Z‡e M‡elYv c×wZ AbymiY I
gv‡bi †ÿ‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨ msL¨K w_wm‡m D`vmxbZv cwijwÿZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI wewfbœ M‡elYv Rvb©v‡j
cÖKvwkZ G welqK 69wU M‡elYv cÖe‡Üi ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q Ges 31wU cÖe‡Üi ZvwjKv DwjøwLZ
n‡q‡Q; †h¸‡jvi Kwc AbymÜvb Pvwj‡qI Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
evsjv‡`‡k eû nv`xmwekvi` Ges L¨vwZgvb Avwjg m„wó n‡q‡Q| hviv gvZ…fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Awe¯§iYxq
Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb Ges ivL‡Qb| nv`xm PP©vq Zvu‡ì Ae`vb AbymÜv‡bi j‡ÿ¨ we‡klÁ‡ì civgk©µ‡g
(1952-2021) ch©šÍ cÖvq 100 Rb nv`xmwekvi‡ì mswÿß Rxebv‡jL¨ I evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Zuv‡ì
Ae`v‡bi (nv`xm Aa¨vcbv I cÖPvi-cÖmvi, mswkøó wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv I nv`xm wkÿv cÖwZôvb ¯’vcb)
ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv‡`‡ki mvZwU wefvMwfwËK cÖwm× gynvwÏm wk‡ivbv‡g cÖvq
`yBk Rb evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi‡ì ZvwjKv I AwZ mswÿß cwiwPwZ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G ch©v‡jvPbv
D‡V G‡m‡Q, evsjvfvlx AMwYZ nv`xmwe`‡ì ZvKIqv, GKwbôZv, `ywbqvweivM I Øx‡bi cÖwZ cÖYvšÍ
fv‡jvevmvi Kvi‡Y Zviv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwU cÖv‡šÍ cweÎ nv`x‡mi Av‡jv Qwo‡q w`‡Z mÿg n‡q‡Qb|
ev½vjx‡ì evsjv fvlvi cÖwZ ì`-fv‡jvevmv wbišÍi| †m fv‡jvevmvi Uv‡b evsjvfvlx nv`xmwe`MY my`~i
Avi‡ei Aviex fvlvi nv`xmkv¯¿ fvlvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g evsjv fvlvq cVb-cvVb, wkÿv`vb, M‡elYv, nv`xm
MÖš’ivwRi Abyev`, IqvR-bwmnZ, UK‡kv-‡jLv‡jwL BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g nv`xm cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i cÖYvšÍKi cÖ‡Póv
Pvwj‡q hv‡”Qb| G Kvi‡Y nvRvi nvRvi gvBj `~‡ii bex (mv.) Gi evYx (nv`xm) evsjvi cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i
Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q| M‡elYvq †`Lv hv‡”Q, eZ©gv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ Abyev`, msKjb I fvl¨MÖš’ iPbv †h
nv‡i n‡”Q Zv‡Z A`~i fwel¨‡Z nv`xm PP©vi †ÿ‡Î Aviex fvlvi c‡i evsjv fvlv ¯’vb `Lj Ki‡Z mÿg
n‡e| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m evsjv fvlv hZw`b _vK‡e, ZZw`b G fvlvq nv`xm PP©vI Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e| Avi G
fvlvq hviv nv`xm PP©vq Rxeb DrmM© K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Ae`vb cÖwZwU ev½vwji ü`‡q ¯^Y©vÿ‡i Aw¼Z _vK‡e
e‡j Avgvi `„p wek¦vm|
476
mycvwikgvjv
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡g Dc¯’vwcZ M‡elYvi wfwË‡Z ch©‡eÿY, cwi`k©b,
cÖZ¨ÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi aviv‡K AviI mg„×KiY I e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvi-
cÖmv‡ii wbwgË Ges AwaKZi Kvh©Ki I cÖfveK †K․kj D™¢ve‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ M‡el‡Ki wbKU wb‡¤œv³
cÖ¯Ívebv mg~n cÖwZqgvb n‡q‡Q| wb‡¤œ cÖ¯ÍvweZ mycvwikgvjv avivevwnKfv‡e cÖ`Ë n‡jvÑ
1. evsjv fvlvq nv`xm mvwnZ¨ PP©v, gv‡bvbœqb, wbqš¿Y I †g․wjKZv AÿzYœ ivLvi ¯^v‡_© miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M
Ggb GKwU ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb wKsev ms¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb; hv‡Z nv`x‡mi g~j Aviex fvl¨
†_‡K evsjv fvlvq Abyev‡ì †g․wjKZv I h_v_©Zv Z_v nv`x‡mi fvlvšÍ‡ii d‡j g~j e³‡eï g‡a¨
†Kvb n«vm-e„w× N‡U‡Q Kx-bv, e¨vL¨vi cÖk¯ÍZv, fvlvMZ gvayh© I wewfbœ gZev‡ì msKxY©Zvi
D‡aŸ© me©Rbxbfv‡e ch©‡eÿY Kiv hvq Ges mswkøó cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvbmg~n‡K DwjøwLZ ms¯’vi m`m¨ Kiv
m¤¢e nq|
2. D³ cÖ¯Ívebv BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`‡ki Aaxb GKwU m¦Zš¿¨ Awa`ßi A_ev wefv‡Mi Aaxb
evsjv fvlvq e¨vcKfv‡e nv`xm mvwnZ¨ PP©vq DrmvwnZ KiY, gv‡bvbœqb, wbqš¿Y I †g․wjKZv Aÿzbœ
ivLvi ¯^v‡_© Zv‡ì `vwqZ¡ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| hv‡Z Zviv cy¯K
Í evRv‡ii AwZ gyybvdv‡jvfx eëmvwqK
gvb‡m cÖKvwkZ gvbnxb ev Ace¨vL¨vg~jK Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖš’mg~n cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î Z`viwKi `vwqZ¡
cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
3. ‣bwZKZv m¤úbœ Av`k© Rbm¤ú` MV‡bi j‡ÿ¨ wkÿv KvwiKzjvg I wm‡jev‡m hy‡Mi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K
¯‥zj I K‡jR ch©vq †kÖwYwfwËK nv`xm Pqb Ges wek¦we`¨vjq ch©vq nv`xm †Kvm© msL¨v e„w× Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb; KviY Rbm‡PZbZv KLbB •bwZKZvi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i bv| eis KziAvb-nv`xmB †KejgvÎ
•bwZKZvi wfwË| AZGe ¯‥zj, K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwY/‡Kvm© wfwËK ev¯ÍeZvi wbwi‡L nv`xm PP©v
e„w× Ki‡Yi weKí †bB|
4. gvìvmv wkÿv avivq Avwjqv gvìvmvi g~j wKZve wfwËK cvV`vb kw³kvjx KiY Ges KIgx gvìvmvq
cvV`vb Av‡iv hy‡MvchyMx I ev¯ÍewfwËK Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
5. AwfÁ nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`xm kv‡¯¿i wkÿKe„›`‡K cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv; hv‡Z Zviv DbœZ
c×wZ‡Z cvV`vb wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
6. evsjv mvwn‡Zï wewfbœ kvLvq nv`xmwfwËK mvwnZ¨ wbg©v‡Y (KweZv, Mí, cÖeÜ, Dcb¨vm I bvUK
BZ¨vw`‡Z) Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡i Ggb cÖwZfvevb‡ì Lyu‡R †ei K‡i mvwnZ¨ m„wó‡Z DØy× Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
7. MYgva¨g evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi GKwU m¤¢vebvgqx †ÿÎ| d‡j G †ÿ‡Î Av‡jvPK wn‡m‡e D`vi,
ga¨gcš’x I Mfxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix‡ì wbe©vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
8. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡gi (†dmeyK, BDwUDe BZ¨vw`) cÖwZ wmsnfvM wK‡kvi I hye mgvR Avm³|
ZvB Zv‡ì AvwZ¥K Pwn`v wbevi‡Y nv`xm wfwËK •ewPÎgq I‡qe mvBU I A¨vá ‣Zix Kiv Ges
e¨wZµgagx© wewfbœ Av‡qvRb Dc¯’vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
477
9. wek¦we`¨vjq ch©v‡q nv`xm wfwËK M‡elYvi (Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.) cÖvß Z_¨ we‡køl‡Y †`Lv ‡M‡Q,
GKB wk‡ivbv‡g wKsev wb¤œ gv‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv M‡elYvKg© m¤úvw`Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB welq wbe©vPb,
M‡elYv c×wZ Aej¤^b I M‡elYvi gv‡bi †ÿ‡Î M‡elK I m¤§vwbZ ZË¡veavqKe„›`‡K AviI Mfxi I
`~i`„wó Aej¤^b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
10. †`‡ki cÖvq cuPvbeŸB kZvsk wkÿv_x© mvaviY (¯‥zj-K‡j‡R) wkÿveë¯’vq Aa¨qb Ki‡jI
ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv ‡M‡Q, G avivq nv`xm PP©v me‡P‡q Kg nq; ZvB avivi KwiKzjg I wm‡jev‡m cvV¨
nv`x‡ì cwigvb e„w× Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
11. evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v‡K wek¦gv‡b DbœxZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k D‡`¨v‡M
Ònv`xm wek¦‡KvlÓ cÖKí MÖnY Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
12. wewfbœ wUwf P¨v‡b‡j bvbv Nivbvi Avwjg-Ijvgv I nv`xmwekvi` wbR¯^ gZv`k© I `k©‡bi wfwË‡Z
e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Kivq mvaviY RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weiƒc cÖfve m„wó nq| ZvB G wel‡q Av‡jvPK‡ì
cÖvwšÍKZv cwinvi K‡i ga¨gcš’v, D`viZv I mnbkxjZvi cÖwZ`„wó AvKl©Y K‡i KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb Kiv DwPZ|
13. cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡bK nv`xm MÖš’ GLbI Ab~w`Z nqwb; ZvB cÖKvkK I Abyev`K‡ì †mw`‡K `„wó †Ìqv
Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv Avek¨K|
14. wiRvj kv¯¿ welqK †Kvb wbf©i‡hvM¨ MÖš’ evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nqwb; ZvB G wel‡q MÖš’ iPbv Ges
weL¨vZ MÖ‡š’i Abyev` cÖKvk Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
15. gv‡V-gq`v‡b IqvR-bwmn‡Zi gva¨‡g Kz&iAvb-nv`xm cÖPvi I PP©v‡ii GKwU kw³kvjx gva¨g| d‡j G
†ÿ‡Î IqvR-bwmn‡Zi gva¨‡g cÖPvwiZ nv`x‡mi Áv‡bi weï×Zv I gvbMZ w`K †hb eRvq _v‡K †m
e¨vcv‡i h_vh_ KZ…©c‡ÿi `„wó †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb|
16. mvaviY RbM‡Yi gv‡S cÖPwjZ ZvÔjxg-Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g e¨vcKnv‡i nv`xm PP©v, cÖPvi-cÖmvi N‡U;
Z‡e G †ÿ‡Î (AvwjgM‡Yi) Ávbx‡ì mve©ÿwYK ms¯úk© _vKv Avek¨K, bZzev mvaviY gvbyl fzjÁvb
wKsev Ace¨vL¨vi Ke‡j wbcwZZ nIqvi Avks¼v i‡q‡Q|
17. evsjv fvlvq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dmyj~j nv`xm kv¯¿ welqK MÖ‡š’i Abyev`Kg© AcÖZzj; ZvB G wel‡q
wbf©i‡hvM¨ MÖ‡š’i Abyev` K‡i Zv cÖKvk Kiv GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb|
18. nv`x‡mi g~j fvl¨ †_‡K A_© eyS‡Z I mwVK Abyev`-e¨vL¨v AeMZ n‡Z Aviex fvlv Rvbv Avek¨K|
G Kvi‡Y nv`xm wkÿvbyivMx‡ì Aviex fvlvq `ÿZv AR©‡bi wbwgË miKvwi I ‡emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M
ÔAviex fvlv †Kvm©Õ cÖeZ©b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
19. m‡e©vcwi miKvwi wKsev †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v I DrKl© mva‡b Ònv`xm M‡elYv
Bbw÷wUDUÓ Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb Ges mg‡qi `vex|
DcwiD³ M‡elYvi djvd‡ji ch©v‡jvPbvq cÖ¯ÍvweZ mycvwikgvjv ev¯Íevqb Kiv †M‡j evsjv fvlvq nv`xm
PP©vi gv‡bvbœqb, m¤úªmviY I M‡elYvi †ÿ‡Î GK bew`M‡šÍi m~Pbv n‡e| mv‡_ mv‡_ evsjvfvlx‡ì Rb¨
eZ©gvb M‡elYvwU GKwU Kj¨vYKi Kg© wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
478
Dcmsnvi
Òevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v (1952-2015)Ó wk‡ivbv‡gi Awfm›`f©wU AvUwU Aa¨v‡q wef³ I web¨¯Í| hv
e¨vcK AbymÜvb I we‡køl‡Yi djvdj| G‡Z evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi weKvkaviv, cÖYxZ nv`xm MÖš’vejx,
cÖwZôvb I cÖvwZôvwbK D‡`¨vM, cÖPvigva¨g, MÖš’ I D”PZi M‡elYv, evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi‡ì Rxebv‡jL¨
I Ae`vb g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
nv`xm KziAv‡bi kvk¦Z fvl¨| kixq‡Zi wØZxq cÖavb Drm| Bmjvgx Rxeb weavb cwicvj‡bi Rb¨
nv`x‡mi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ab¯^xKvh©| bex (mv.) Gi Rxebv`k© (nv`xm) AbvMZ gvbeZvi Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q †`qvi
j‡ÿ¨ mvnvev wKiv‡gi hyM n‡Z eZ©gvb Aewa gymwjg mgv‡R Gi cÖPvi-cÖmvi I msKjb-MÖš’e× KiY,
cVb-cvVb I M‡elYv Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GiB avivevwnKZvq msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’ivwR wewfbœ fvlvq Ab~w`Z
I e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| nv`xmwe`MY nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y iPbv K‡i‡Qb Dj~gyj nv`xm (Dm~jyj nv`xm I
wiRvj kv¯¿) bv‡g `yÕwU m¦Zš¿ AwfÁvb| nv`x‡mi †g․wjK msKj‡bi eû fvl¨MÖš’ iwPZ n‡q‡Q; Avevi
cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi mswÿß msKjbI| G Qvov nv`xm msKj‡bi bvbv `„wó‡KvY †_‡K iPbv ‣kjx‡f‡`
wewfbœ Awfavq iwPZ n‡q‡Q •ewPÎgq nv`xm MÖš’ivwR|
evsjv‡`‡k KLb †_‡K nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v ïiæ nq Zv wbwðZ K‡i bv ejv †M‡jI GUv A‡bKUv wbwðZ †h,
1204 mv‡j evsjv weRqx ZzwK© exi BLwZqvi DÏxb gynv¤§` web eLwZqvi LjRx evsjvi kvmb ÿgZvq
AwawôZ n‡q KziAvb-nv`x‡mi Ávb me©Î Qwo‡q †`qvi j‡ÿ¨ wewfbœ gvìvmv, gmwR` Ges LvbKv wbg©vY
K‡ib| ZviB avivevwnKZvq G evsjvq myjZvb wMqvm DÏxb BIqvR Lj&Rx (cÖ_g c‡e© Mf©bi 1208-
1210wLª. Ges wØZxq c‡e© Mf©bi 1212-1227 wLª.), myjZvb wMqvm DÏxb ejeb (1266 -1286 wLª.),
myjZvb iæKb-DÏxb KvBKvDm (1291-1300 wLª.), myjZvb kvgm-DÏxb wd‡ivR kvn (1301-1322 wLª.),
myjZvb AvjvDÏxb †nv‡mb kvn (1494-1519 wLª.) Ges myev`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi (1664-1688 wLª.) kvmb
Avg‡j KziAvb-nv`xm PPv©i ivóªxq c„ô‡cvlKZv jvf K‡i| Gi d‡j Î‡qv`k kZvwãi m~Pbv c‡e©
ivRkvnxi gwnmy‡b gvIjvbv ZKx DÏxb Avivex (g„.1240wLª.) cÖwZwôZ gvìvmv‡K ZrKvjxb c~e©e‡½i
(eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki) me‡P‡q cÖvPxb nv`xm wkÿvi we`¨vcxV wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Abyiƒcfv‡e kvqL
kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgv (in.) [g„.1300wLª.] KZ©…K evsjvi ivRavbx †mvbviMvuI G cÖwZwôZ nv`xm PP©v
‡K›`ªwU wØZxq gvìvmv n‡jI Zv e¨vcK cÖwmw× AR©b K‡iwQj|
hwÌ Gi avivevwnKZv `xN© ¯’vqx nqwb| KviY G †`‡k nv`xm AvMgb I PP©vi †h mb` (nv`xm eY©bvi
avivevwnKZv) jÿ¨ Kiv hvq, Zv‡Z kvqL kidzÏx‡bi avivwU Ly‡Ru cvIqv hvq bv; eis cieZx©‡Z cÖwZwôZ
KwjKvZv Avwjqv Gi gva¨‡g Avwjqv aviv Ges `viæj Dj~g †Ìe›` I gvhv‡ni Dj~g mvnivbcy‡ii
avivevwnKZvq cÖwZwôZ KIgx avivi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi †h mb` evsjv‡`‡k G‡m‡Q ZvB eZ©gvb ch©šÍ
Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| AbymÜv‡b †`Lv ‡M‡Q, evsjv‡`‡k hZ mb‡` (avivevwnKZvq) nv`xm PP©v nq Zvi wmsnfvM
ev cÖvq meB wgwjZ n‡q‡Q kvn Iqvjx Djøvn w`njvfx (in.) Gi mv‡_| AZGe fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k nv`xm
kv‡¯¿i mb‡ì g~j kvn Iqvjx Djøvn gynvwÏm w`njvfx (in.); hvi ci¤úivq nv`x‡mi mb` evsjvfvlx
nv`xmwekvi`MY e‡q Pj‡Qb|
479
eZ©gvb M‡elYvKg©wU †h‡nZz evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©v welqK, ZvB evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I msKwjZ nv`xm
MÖš’vejxi AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q G‡ì ¯îƒc, welqe¯‘ I •ewkó¨ wePvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| evsjv fvlvq iwPZ I
msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’vejxi ch©v‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© MÖš’¸‡jv‡K wZbwU fv‡M wef³ K‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zb¥‡a¨ evsjv fvlvq msKwjZ 79wU nv`xmMÖš’; Ab~w`Z 123wU nv`xmMÖš’ Ges e¨vL¨vg~jK 14wU nv`xm
MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G QvovI evsjv fvlvq Dm~jyj nv`xm I wiRvj kv¯¿ welqK 33wU
MÖ‡š’i ch©v‡jvPbv cÂg Aa¨v‡q ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨, evsjv fvlvq Ab~w`Z nv`xm kv‡¯¿i mvwe©K g~j¨vq‡b
†`Lv †M‡Q, Ab~w`Z nv`xm MÖ‡š’i eo GKwU Ask gvbm¤úbœ bq| KviY eëmvwqK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi D‡Ï‡k¨
wb¤œ gv‡bi Abyev`K wKsev evRv‡i wU‡K _vKvi gvb‡m Ab¨‡ìUv Abymi‡Y ZwiNwi K‡i gvbnxb Abyev`
mieivn Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB cÖKvkbv RMr gwbUwis Kivi Rb¨ GKwU ms¯’v _vKv cÖ‡qvRb; hv‡ì
Aby‡gv`b mv‡c‡ÿ gvbm¤úbœ MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ n‡e|
evsjv fvlvq wewfbœ avivi wkÿv cÖwZôv‡b nv`xm kv¯¿ PP©v n‡q _v‡K| Zb¥‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avwjqv I KIgx
gvìvmv, ¯‥zj-K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq wkÿv aviv| e¨vb‡eB‡mi GKwU cwimsL¨v‡b †`Lv hvq †h, 2015
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PP©vi my‡hvM G‡Kev‡iB mxwgZ I msKywPZ| G RvqMvUvq we‡klÁ gn‡ji we‡klfv‡e `„wó †Ìqv
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Aciw`‡K wcÖ›U wgwWqv I B‡j±ªwbK wgwWqv evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb ivL‡Q| eZ©gv‡b Z_¨-cÖhyw³i
Pig DrK‡l©i Ae`v‡b I‡qemvBU wfwËK wewfbœ wjs‡K evsjv fvlvq cÖKvwkZ cÖvq mKj cÖw m× nv`xm MÖš’
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480
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nv`xm PPv©i weKvk aviv, evsjv fvlvq nv`xm kv‡¯¿i †g․wjK, msKwjZ, Ab~w`Z, e¨vL¨vZ MÖš’ (1952-
2021) Ges evsjvfvlx nv`xmwekvi`M‡Yi nv`xm PP©vq Ae`vb m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
G QvovI wewfbœ avivi wkÿvcÖwZôv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi cvkvcvwk Z_¨cÖhyw³i cÖf~Z DbœwZi Ae`v‡b
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Ges wewfbœ mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©vi ‡h bZzb gvÎv hy³ n‡q‡Q ‡m m¤ú‡K© Ávb jvf Kiv
hv‡e| Zv Qvov Dc¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q evsjv fvlvq nv`xmkv¯¿ welqK M‡elYv cÖeÜ, Gg.wdj I wcGBP.wW.
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eZ©gv‡b evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi µge„w×i aviv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j A`~i fwel¨‡Z Zv Aviex fvlvi c‡iB
wek¦ ìev‡i kxl©¯’vb AR©b Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| evsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vi my`xN© BwZnv‡mi c_cwiµgvi
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mva‡bi c_ cÖ`k©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e e‡j Avwg `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi| G Awfm›`f©wU cvVK-M‡elK‡ì
mgweeënv‡ii †h †gjeÜb m„wó Ki‡e Zv nv`xm M‡elYvi bZzb w`MšÍ m„wó Ki‡e e‡j Avgvi `„p wek¦vm|
m‡ev©cwi Avjøvn ZvÔAvjvi wbKU cÖv_©bv, wZwb †hb Avgv‡K I cvVKe„›`‡K Gi Øviv DcK…Z nIqvi
ZvIdxK `vb K‡ib Ges D³ M‡elYv mswkøó mKj‡K Dfq Rvnv‡bi AevwiZ Kj¨vY `vb K‡ib | Avgxb|
481
MÖš’cwÄ
K. Aviex
 cweÎ KziAvb gvRx`
1 . AvZ-wZiwghx, Bgvg, Avey Cmv t Avm-mybvb, m¤úv. Avjøvgv Avngv` gynv¤§`

kvwKi I Ab¨vb¨, ‣eiƒZ: `viæ GnBqvDZ
Zzivwmj Avivex, Zv.we,
2 . AvZ-Z¡nvb, W. gvngy` t ZvBwmiæ gymZvjvwnj nv`xm, wiqv`:
gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid wjb bvkwi IqvZ
ZvIhxn,mßg ms¯‥iY, 1985 wLª.
3. Avey `vD`, Bgvg, myjvBgvb Beb AvkAvm t mybvby Avex `vD`, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi,
Zv.we.
4. Ave~ hvû, gynv¤§` t Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏmyb, •eiƒZ :
`viæjKzZzwejAvivex, 1404/1984wLª.
5. Avey hvû, gynv¤§` t Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏmyb, •eiƒZ :
`viæj KzZzwej Avivex,1404/1984wLª.
6. Avey †kvnev, W. gynv¤§` Beb gynv¤§` t Avj-IqvmvBZ dx Djywg Iqv gymZvjvwnj
nv`xm, Kvq‡iv: gvKZvevZzm mybœvn, cÖ_g
ms¯‥iY, 2006 wLª.
7. Avey nvBqvb, gynv¤§` Beb BDmyd t Zvdmxi evniæj gynxZ¡, L.5, •eiƒZ:
`viæj wdKi, 1992wLª.
8. Avh-hvgvLkvix, Aveyj Kv‡mg gvngy` Beb Igi t Avj-Kvkkvd, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, Zv.we.
9. Avh-hvnvex, Bgvg kvgmyÏx t ZvhwKivZyj ûddvh, •eiƒZ: `viæ
wKZvwej Bjwgq¨vn, L.2, Zv. we
10. Avj-Avbmvix, gynv¤§` Beb Avjx, t Avj-wgmevûj gy`x, •eiƒZ : `viæj KzZze,
Zv.we.
11. Avj-Avhxgvev`x, kvgmyj nK t AvIbyj gvey` kiû mybv‡b Ave~ `vD`,
•eiƒZ: `viæj KZze Avj-Bjwgq¨vn,
1415wn., L. 12
12. Avj-Avqbx, Avjøvgv eìæÏxb t Dg`vZzj Kvix, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi, L.1,
Zv.we.
13. Avj-KvËvbx, t ÔAvi-wimvjvZzj gy¯ÍvZivdv, KivPx: byi
gynv¤§` wZRvi‡Z KzZze, Zv.we.,
14. Avj-LZxe, W. gynv¤§` Av¾vR, t Dmyjyj nv`xm, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi,
ms¯‥.4, 1401 wn.
482
15. Avj-LZxe, W. gynv¤§` Av¾vR, t Avm-mybœvn Kvejv Zvèxb, Kvq‡iv:

gvKZvevZzj Iqvnevn, ms.2, 1988wLª.
16. Avj-LvIqvjx, gynvg¥` Avãyj Avhxh t wgdZvûm mybœvn, wgmi : gvKZvevZzj
Avivweq¨vn, 1928wLª.
17. Avjevbx, kvqL, gynv¤§` bvwmiæÏxb, t Avj-nv`xm ûw¾q¨vn, Kz‡qZ: `viæm
mvjvwdq¨vn, 1406 wn./1986 wLª.
18. Avj-eyLvix, Avey Avwãjøvn,gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj, t mnxûj eyLvix, wiqv` : `viæj Bmjvg,
1997 wLª./1417wn.
19. Avj-mvwjn, W. myenx t Dj~gyj nv`xm Iqv gymZvjvûû, •eiƒZ :
`viæj Bjg wjj gvjvBb, ms¯‥.15k,
20. Avj-nvwKg, Avey Avwãjøvn t gvÔwidvZz Dj~wgj nv`xm, Kvq‡iv :
gvKZvevZz `viæj KzZzwej Bmjvwgq¨vn,
1938 wLª.
21. Avk-kvwdC, gynv¤§` Beb B`wim, Bgvg t wKZveyi wimvjvn, m¤úv. Avjøvgv Avngv`
gynv¤§` kvwKi, wgmi gvZevAvZzj evwe
Avj-nvjvex, 1940 wLª.
22. Avm-mveŸvM, W. gynv¤§` t Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx gy¯Ívjvûû,
evjvMvZzû, KzZzeyû, •eiƒZ: Avj-gvKZveZz
Avj-Bmjvgx, ms¯‥.4_©, 1982wLª.
23. Avm-mvLvfx, kvgmyÏxb, gynv¤§` Beb Av. ingvb t dvZûj gyMxm kiû Avjwdq¨vwZj nv`xm,
†jevbb: `viæj KyZze Avj-Bjwgq¨vn,
cÖ_g ms¯‥iY, 1403wn.
24. Avmxi Avìvex t dvbœ AvmgvDi wiRvj, †Ìe›`: `viæj
gyAvwjødxb, 1998wLª.
25. Avm-myq~Zx, RvjvjyÏxb, Avãyi ingvb t Zvìxeyi ivex dx kvin ZvKixwei ivex,
KivPx: gxi gynv¤§` KzZze-Lvbv, 2q ms¯‥.,
1392wn.
26. Beb Avew`j evi, t Avj-Bw¯Íqve, L.2, nvq`vivev`:
`vwÿYvZ¨, 1226 wn.
27. Bebyj KvBwq¨g t hv`yj gvÕAv` dx nv`wq LvqwijÕBev`,
fviZ : gyLZvi GÛ †Kv¤úvbx, 1880, L. 3
28. Beb Kvmxi, Bgv`yÏxb Aveyj wd`v BmgvCÔj t Zvdmxiæ KziAvwbj Avhxg, 1g ms, L.1,
wiqv`: gvKZvevZz `vwim mvjvg,
1412/1992
29. Beb ZvBwgqv, Avngv` Beb Ave`yj nvwjg t gvRgyDj dvZIqv, `viæj Adv, 2005
wLª., ms.3, L. 18
30. Beb hvKvwiqv, Aveyj nvmvb Avng` Beb dvwim t gyÔRvgy gvKvqxwmj jyMvn, 2q LÐ, •eiæZ :
`viæj wdKi, 1979 wLª.
483
31. Beb nvRvi, AvjÔAvmKvjvbx t ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, L.7, cvwK¯Ívb: AvãyZ

ZvIqve GKv‡Wgx, Zv.we.
32. Beb nvRvi, AvjÔAvmKvjvbx t byhnvZzb bhi, wiqv`: gvKZvev Avj-
gvwjK dvnv` Avj-IqvwZwbq¨vn, 2001wLª.
33. Beb nvhg t dv`vBjym mvnvev, wgmi : `viæj
gvÔAvwid, Zv.we.
34. Beb wneŸvb, Bgvg gynv¤§`, Avj-eymZx, t Avm-wmKvZ, m¤úv. Avm-mvwq¨` kidzÏxb
Avngv`, •eiƒZ : `viæj wdKvi, L.1
35. Dmgvbx, wkeŸxi Avng` t dZûj gyjvwng kiû mnxnxj gymwjg,
L.1, KivPx : gvKZvevZzj wnRvh,Zv.we
36. Iqvwn`y¾vgvb, Avjøvgv t jyMvZzj nv`xm, 1g LÐ, KivPx: KviLvbv
wZRviv‡Z KzZze,Zv.we.
37. KvjvRx, W. gynv¤§` ivIqvm t gyÔRvgy jyMvwZj dzKvnv, KivPx : B`vivZzj
KziAvb Iqvj Djywgj Bmjvwgq¨vn, Zv.we.
38. LwZe, Avj-evM`v`x t Avj-RvwgÕwj AvLjvwKi ivex Iqv
Av`vwem mvwg, wgmi : `viæj KzZze Avj-
wgmwiq¨vn, Zv.we.
39. LwZe, Avj-evM`v`x t Avj-wKdv‡qZz wd Bjwgi wiIBqvn,
g`xbv gybvIivn : Avj-gvKZvevZzj
Bjwgq¨vn, Zv.we.
40. Ljxdv, nvRx t Kvkdzh hybyb, L.6, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKi,
1982wLª.
41. w`njex, Avãyj nK t Avj gyKvÏvgvn, jv‡nvi: gvKZvevZzj
gymZvdvqx Zv.we.
42. bIqvex, Bgvg t wiqv`ym mvwjnxb, •eiƒZ: `viæj wdKvi,
Zv.we.
43. b`fx, Avãyj nvB t byhnvZzj LvIqvwZi gvÔAv‡idzj
AvIqv‡id, nvq`vivev` : `v‡qivZzj
gvÔAv‡id, Zv.we.
44. b`fx, W. ZvKx DÏxb t Bjgy wiRvwjj nv`xm, j‡ÿè․: gvKZvev
wdi`vDm, 1985wLª.
45. dvjvZv, W. Dgi Beb nvmvb dvjvZv t Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xm, `v‡gkK:
gvKZvevZzj Mvhvjx, 1981wLª.
46. gymwjg, Bgvg, Beb nv¾vR Avj-Kzkvqix t mnxn gymwjg, •eiæZ : `viæj wdKi,
1982, L. 1
47. †gvjøvwRIqvb, kvqL Avngv`, t b~iæj Av‡bvqvi, †Ìe›`: Avkivdx eyK,
Zv.we.
484
48. ingvb, gvIjvbv wndhyi t Avj-BqvKzZ Iqvj-RvIqv‡ni, XvKv:

gvKZvevZz kvqwLj Bmjvg, 2020wLª
49. nviæb, wghvb t wiRvjyb QbvDZ ZvwiL Iqv L`vgyj
Bmjvgv Iqvj Bjg wd evsMvjv‡`k,
XvKv: `viæj evqvb, 2018wLª
L. evsjv
1. AvKei, †P․ayix †Mvjvg t m¤úvw`Z, †jvK mvwn‡Z¨ Bmjvg, Bdvev,
1987 wLª. XvKv|
2. AvRgx, gvIjvbv byi gynv¤§` t nv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, XvKv : Gg`v`xqv
cy¯K
Í vjq (cÖv) wjt, cybg©y`ªY-2008wLª.
3. Avwbmy¾vgb, Aa¨vcK t m¤úvw`Z, evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm, evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, L.1, XvKv|
4. Avãyi inxg, gvIjvbv gynv¤§` t nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv: LvBiæb
cÖKvkbx, 1970wLª.
5. Avwgbyj Bmjvg, gvIjvbv Gm Gg t evsjvi kZ Av‡j‡gi RxebK_v, XvKv :
eB Ni, 2014wLª.
7. Avjx, gynv¤§` Bwjqvm t hy‡M hy‡M wkÿv Kwgkb I wkÿvi DËiY,
1999 wLª., XvKv|
8. Avãyj jwZd, gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg, †gv, †P․ayix t Zvix‡L Bjgyj nv`xm, XvKv: mvDw`qv
KzZzeLvbv, ms¯‥. 1, Rvby. 1997 wLª.
9. Avãym mvËvi t Avwjqv gv`ªmvi BwZnvm, †gv¯Ídv nviæY
Ab~w`Z,XvKv:Bdvev, 2015wLª., ms¯‥.3
10. Avãyjøvn, W. gynv¤§` t evsjv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv Aviexwe`, XvKv:
Bdvev, 1986 wLª.
11. Avm-wmevB, W. gy¯Ídv t Bmjvgx kixqvn I mybœvn, G.Gg.
Gg.wmivRyjBmjvg Ab~w`Z, XvKv:
B.dv.ev, 1998wLª.
12. Avng`, Avjx t evsjv gymwjg MÖš’cwÄ, evsjv
GKv‡Wgx,1985wLª, XvKv|
13. Avng`, gvIjvbv •mq` †iRIqvb t gvIjvbv Devq`yj nK in. Rxeb I Kg©,
XvKv: gvKZvevZzj †niv, wW‡m¤î 2014
wLª.
14. Beb KvQxi , Aby.Aa¨vcK AvLZvi dviæK t Zvdmx‡i Beb KvQxi, L.1, XvKv: Bdvev,
1988wLª.
15. Bnmvb, gydwZ, Avgxgyj t nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, XvKv: KzZze
Lvbv iwk`xqv, 1411 wn.
485
16. Bnmvb, gydwZ, Avgxgyj t gxhvbyj AvLevi, XvKv: AvivdvZ

cvewj‡KkÝ, 1984 wLª.
17. BqvnBqv, Aveyj dvZvn gynv. t nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi g~jbxwZ, XvKv :
gvKZvevZzj Avhnvi, 2009wLª.
18. GmnvK, W. †gvnv¤§` t gvIjvbv gynv¤§` hvKvwiq¨vn Ab~w`Z,
Bj‡g nv`x‡m fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki
Ae`vb, XvKv: Bdvev, 1993 wLª.
19. Kwig, Avãyj t evsjvi BwZnvm myjZvbx Avgj, RvZxq
Mªš’ cÖKvkbx, 1999 wLª XvKv|
20. Kwig, W. Ave`yj t g°v kix‡d ev½vjx gvìvmv, evBZzk
kid Bmjvgx M‡elYv cÖwZôvb, 1987wLª.,
PÆMÖvg|
21. K¡v‡ìx, W. †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj nvwjg t †k‡i wgjøvZ gydwZ gynv¤§` IevB`yj nK
bCg (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, Bgvg gymwjg
(in.) dvD‡Ûkb, 2020wLª., PÆMÖvg|
22. Lvb, †gvkviid †nv‡mb t m¤úvw`Z, evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg
Ae`vb, evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi,
1998 wLª., XvKv|
23. Lvb, †K Gg, ivBQzÏxb t evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm cwiµgv, Lvb eªv`vm©
G¨vÛ †Kv¤úvwb,1986wLª., XvKv|
24. †P․ayix, W.Avãyj gwgb t cÖPxb evsjvi BwZnvm I ms¯‹…wZ, gvIjv
eªv`vm©, gvP©-2002 wLª., XvKv|
25. †P․ayix, gvIjvbv Aveyj Kvjvg †gv. Avãyj jwZd t Zvix‡L Bjgyj nv`xm, XvKv: mvDw`qv
KzZzeLvbv, ms¯‥.1, Rvby. 1997 wLª.
26. Qv‡qbyÏxb, gvIjvbv, t nhiZ Kvwkqvbx ûRy‡ii Rxebx, cÖKvkbvi
¯’vb D‡jøL bvB, 2011 wLª.
27. ZvwK Imgvwb, Rvw÷m gynv¤§` t mybœvni AvBbMZ gh©v`v, Aby. cÖ‡dmi W.
ingvb nvwee, XvKv : we.AvB.AvB.wU,
2014 wLª.
28. Zvwje, Avãyj gvbœvb t evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvg, L.1, XvKv: evsjv
GKv‡Wwg, 1982wLª.
29. †bQvi DwÏb, W. Av. B. g. t Bmjvgx wkÿvi cÖmvi I Dbœqb †cÖwÿZ
evsjv‡`k, XvKv: Bdvev,2005wLª.
30. dixw`, Avãyj nK t gv`ªvmv wkÿv: evsjv‡`k, XvKv : evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, 1985wLª.
31. dviæK, gydwZ Avãyjøvn t Avjøvgv Aveyj nvmvb h‡kvix (in.) Rxeb
I Av`k©, XvKv : †Kvwnb~i jvB‡eªwi,
2005
486
32. gbm~i DÏxb, gynv¤§` t evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ gymwjg mvabv, L.2, 1371
mvj, XvKv|
33. ggZvR, gvIjvbv ggZvR DÏxb Avngv` t gvìvmv-B Avwjqvi BwZnvm, XvKv:
Bdvev, 2004wLª.
34. gnxDwÏb, G, †K,Gg t PÆMÖv‡g Bmjvg, XvKv : Bdvev, 1996wLª.
35. gvndzR Djøvn, †gvnv¤§` t evsjv Kv‡e¨ gymwjg HwZn¨, XvKv :
Bdvev, 1965wLª.
36. †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv, Aveyj Kvjvg t evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZœ m¤ú`, XvKv: wkíKjv
GKv‡Wwg, 1984 wLª.
37. iv¾vK, †gv: Ave`yi t evsjv fvlvq Bmjvgx mvwnZ¨ MÖš’cwÄ,
XvKv: g`xbv cvewj‡KkvÝ, 2003wLª.
38. idxKzj Bmjvg, gydZx gynv¤§` t Av‡jvi wVKvbv, XvKv: `viæbœvRvZ
cÖKvkbx, 2020 wLª,
39. ingvb, gvIjvbv nvexeyi t Avgiv hv‡ì DËim~ix, XvKv: Avj-
KvDmvi cÖKvkbx,2009 wLª.
40. ingvb, gynv¤§` nvexeyi t es e½ ev½vjv evsjv‡`k, XvKv: mgq
cÖKvkb, 1999wLª.
41. iwng, W. Gg. G. t evsjvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK BwZnvm,
XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1982 wLª.
42. mvB‡q`, W. Avnmvb t evsjv‡`‡k nv`xQ PPv©i DrcwË I
µgweKvk, XvKv : G¨vWY© cvewj‡KkÝ,
†deªæ. 2006 wLª.
43. mvËvi, W. †gv: Ave`ym t evsjv‡`‡k gvìvmv wkÿv I mgvR Rxe‡b
Zvi cÖfve, XvKv: Bdvev, 2004 wLª.
44. wmÏxK, Av. L. g Avey eKi t Avjøvgv wbqvR gvL`~g †LvZvbx i., XvKv :
`viæbbvRvZ cÖKvkbx, 2014 wLª.
45. nK, Ghnviæj t nvhv‡Z gydZx Avhg, PÆMÖvg: dqwRqv
KzZze Lvb, 1399 wn.
46. nvB, Avnmvb, gynv¤§` Avãyj I •mq` Avjx t evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë, XvKv: Avngv`
cvewjwks nvDm, 2006wLª.
47. nvmvb, W. Gm. Gg. t †mvbviMvuI,XvKv:Bdvev,1989wLª.
48. †njvj, bvwmi t h‡kvi †Rjvq Bmjvg cÖPvi I cÖmvi,
h‡kvi: mxgvšÍ cÖKvkbx, 1992wLª.
50. †nv‡mb, W. †gvn¤§` †ejvj t Dj~gyj nv`xQ, ivRkvnx : †m›Uvi di
BmjvwgK wimvP, 2000wLª.
487
M. D`~©
1. b`fx, mvB‡q¨` myjvqgvb t Avie I wn›` †K ZvAvjøyKvZ, Gjvnev`:
1930wLª.
2. b`fx, Aveyj nvmvbvZ Avjx t wn›`y¯’vb Kx K`xg Bmjvgx ìm Mvwn,
Zv.we
3. b`fx-byÔgvbx, wkejx I myjvBgvb t mxivZzb bex, L.01, KivPx: `viæj
BkvÔAvZ, 1984wLª.
4. byÔgvbx, gyn¤§` Avãyi ikx` t Beb gvhvn AvIi Bj‡g nv`xm, KivPx:
b~i gynv¤§` Avmvûj gvZvweÔ, Zv.we.
5. evivbx, wRqv DÏxb t ZixL-B- wd‡ivRkvnx, †KvjKvZv: we‡eøv
BwÛKv ms KwjKvZv, 1862 wLª.,
6. wgbnvR-B- wmivR t ZevKZ-Avj-bvwmix, m¤úv. I Aby. G
†K Gg RvKvwiqv, XvKv : evsjv
GKv‡Wwg, 1983 wLª.
7. mwjg, †Mvjvg †nvmvqb t wiqv`ym mvjvZxb, e½vbyev`: evsjvi
BwZnvm, AvKei DÏxb Ab~w`Z, XvKv :
1974 wLª
N. Bs‡iwR
1. Eliot and Dowson t History of India, London:1869
2. lane, Edward william t An Arabic English lexican, Par,-2
(Reiru, : 1980)
3. Jafar, S. M. t Education in Muslim India, Delli:
Idarah-i- Adabiyat-i Delli,1993
4. Karim, Dr. Abdul t Social History of the Muslim in
Bengal, Chittagong: Baitus Saraf
Islamic Research Institute, 1985
5. Klein, Rev. F.A. t The Religion of Islam, New delhi,
Cosmo Publications, 1978.
6. Majumdear, R.C. t Arab Invansion of India,
Madraz,1931
7. Nurul Haqe, Muhammad t ArabRelationship with Bangladesh,
Dhaka: Dhaka University,1980
O. Awfavb-wek¦‡Kvl
1. Avwbm, W. Beivnxg I Ab¨vb¨ t Avj-gyÔRvgyj IqvwmZ, ‣eiƒZ : `viæj
nv`xm, 2q ms¯‥iY, Zv.we.
488
2. Beb gvbRyi, gynv¤§` Beb gyKviig Avj-AvdwiKx t wjmvbyj Avie, •eiƒZ: `viæ mvwì, cÖ_g
ms¯‥iY, 2q LÐ, Zv.we.
3. Bwjqvm, AvbZzb Bwjqvm t Kvgym Bwjqvm Avj Avmix, •eiæZ :
`viæj Rxj, 1986 wLª.
4. jyBm gvjyd t Avj-gybwR`, KivPx : `viæj BkvqvZ,
1394 wn./1974 wLª.
5. mv`x Ave~ Rxe t Avj-Kvgymyj wdKnx, KivPx : B`vivZzj
KziAvb Iqvj ÔDj~gyj Bmjvwgq¨vn,Zv. we.
6. kixd, Avngv` m¤úvw`Z t mswÿß evsjv Awfavb, XvKv : evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, cÖ_g cÖKvk-1992 wLª.
7. m¤úv`bv cwil` t Bmjvgx wek¦‡Kvl, L.3, XvKv: B.dv.ev.,
1986wLª.
8. wmivRyj Bmjvg, m¤úvw`Z, t evsjvwcwWqv, L. 6, XvKv : GwkqvwUK
†mvmvBwU, gvP© 2011wLª.
9. WH. Alten and Co t The Students Arabic English
Dictionary, London, 1884.
N. cÎ-cwÎKv
1. Avgxb, gynv¤§` iæûj, t ÔkvqL kidzÏxb Avey ZvIqvgvÕ,
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb cwÎKv, XvKv:
B.dv.ev. 1992 Bs, 32 el©, 1g I 4_©
(GKwÎZ) msL¨v
2. Avjg, AvLZviæj t ÔBwZnv‡mi evsjv : evsjvi BwZnvmÕ,
XvKv : •`wbK BwËdvK, 16 wW‡m¤î,
1989wLª
3. Bmjvgvev`x, gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK t KIgx gvìvmvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ I
Ae`vb, •`wbK BbwKjve, 28 A‡±vei,
2016
4. Kvdx, gvIjvbv Avãyjøvwnj t m¤úvw`Z, gvwmK ZR©ygvbyj nvw`Q, 1g
el©, 1g msL¨v, 1949wLª., cvebv|
5. Lvb, gvIjvbv gywnDÏxb t Ôevsjv‡`‡k BmjvgÕ, gvwmK g`xbv, Rvby-
1992wLª., XvKv|
6. b`fx, mvwq¨` †mvjvqgvb, m¤úvw`Z, t gvÔAv‡id (D`y© gvwmK cwÎKv),
AvRgMo: L. 22k, ms. 5
7. Rvjvjvev`x, Ave`yjøvn web mvC`,Avj-Avhnvix t Ôevsjv fvlvq nv`xm PP©vÕ, gvwmK
AMÖcw_K, RyjvB, 1998wLª., XvKv:
BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, XvKv|
489
8. gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK t ÔKIgx gvìvmvi BwZnvm HwZn¨ I

Ae`vbÕ, •`wbKBbwKjve, 28A‡±vei,
2016 wLª.
9. iBQ, Av.b.g DÏxb t evs‡`‡k Bmjv‡gi Avwef©ve, BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ðkb cwÎKv, 27el©, 2q msL¨v,
A‡±vei-wW‡m¤î, 1987
10. m¤úv`bv cwil` KZ…©K m¤úvw`Z t BmjvwgK BDwbfvwm©wU ÷vwWR M‡elYv
cwÎKv, 14k LÐ, 1g msL¨v, wW‡m¤î
2007 wLªóv‡ã, Bwe
O. evwl©Kx/¯§iwYKv
1. Avey gymv t gvIjvbv gynv¤§` m¤úvw`Z, Avjøvgv
BmnvK dwi`x (in.) ¯§viK MÖš’, †kL
RbyiæÏxb (in.) `viæj KziAvb †P․ayix
cvov gvìvmv, 2005 wLª., XvKv|
2. Avãyjøvn, gydZx t kZel© cywZ© ¯§viK, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv
BDbywQqv eªv²Y evwoqv, 2015wLª.
3. Avãyj gv‡jK, gvIjvbv, m¤úvw`Z, t eÜb, Rvwgqv ivngvwbqv Avivweqvi
ZvKwgj RvgvZ 2002 mv‡ji we`vqx‡ì
dzhvjv ¯§viK, XvKv|
4. Avãyj Kvwì, gynv¤§`, t we`vqx cqMvg, Rvwgqv Avivweqv
Avkivwdqv, 1996wLª., †gv‡gbkvnx|
5. Avjg, gynv¤§` Avmv`yj t gvIjvbv AvZvnvi Avjx ¯§iwYKv, Avj
RvwgAv Avj Bmjvwgqv, †gv‡gbkvnx|
1997 wLª.,
6. Bmjvg, gvI: bRiæj I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z t ¯§viK MÖš’, Avjøvgv Aveyj dvZvn gynv¤§`
BqvnBqv (in.) dvD‡Ûkb, 2019wLª.,
XvKv|
7. BqvnBqv , gvIjvbv,Aveyj dvZvn gynv. t gvIjvbv Aveyj dvZvn m¤úvw`Z, kvBLyj
nv`xm Avjøvgv KvRx gyÔZvwmg wejøvn in.
¯§viK MÖš’, Rvwgqv kviBq¨vn gvwjevM,
2017,XvKv|
8. ZvKwgj we`vqx QvÎe„‡›ì Wv‡qix t Avj-gvngy`, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv `viæj
Dj~g gv`vwbqv, hvÎvevwo, 2020wLª., XvKv|
9. `vIivq nv`xm mgvcbx QvÎe„›` t Avj Bg`v`, Rvwgqv Avivweqv Bg`v`yj
Dj~g dwi`vev`, 2019wLª., XvKv|
10. `vIiv‡q nv`xm ¯§„wZ ¯§viK 2015-16 t Avb-byKvev, RvwgÔAv ivngvwbqv Avivweqv,
Avjx GÛ b~i wi‡qj G‡÷‡U, XvKv|
490
11. evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK ÷vwWR †dvivg t W. KvwdjyÏxb mv‡jnx‡K msea©bv ¯§viK,

26 †deªæqvwi,2021 wLª.
12. gynv¤§` gvn`x nvmvb m¤úvw`Z t ¯§„wZ¯§viK-2012 (Kvwgj nv`xm)
`viæibvRvZ wmÏxwKqv Kvwgj gvìvmv,
†m‡Þ¤î-2012,XvKv|
13. gywnDÏxb web b~i m¤úw`Z t LZ‡g eyLvix ¯§viKMÖš’, XvKv: `viæbœvRvZ
cÖKvkbx, ms¯‥.1, 2015wLª. |
14. m¤úv`bv cwil` t dzhvjv m‡¤§jb ¯§viK-2019, Rvwgqv
Bmjvwgqv jvjgvwUqv, 2019wLª. ,XvKv|
P) I‡qemvBU I mvgvwRK †hvM‡hvM gva¨g

1. https://www.hadithbd.com/
2. http://ihadis.com/
3. https://www.tauhiderdak.com/2020/12/bishoy-vittik-quran-hadis-pdf.html
4.https://islamiboipdf.blogspot.com/
5.https://www.islamicboisomahar.in/
6.https://sites.google.com/site/islamictune/hadisa-h
7. https://www.facebook.com/sheikhahmadullahofficial
8. https://www.facebook.com/mizanurrahmanazhariofficial
9. https://www.facebook.com/sheikkaziibrahim/
10. https://www.facebook.com/groups/Minbarbd
11. https://www.facebook.com/groups/206813636622922
12. https://www.facebook.com/rezaulkarimabrar221
13. https://www.facebook.com/abbasimonjiljoinpur
14. https://www.facebook.com/Dr.KhandakerAbdullahJahangir
15. https://www.facebook.com/MuftiShafiQasemi
16. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuxth2BimHUigZ344JhcFPw
17. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxStLx7yb96MGBfIMo20x7Q
18. https://www.youtube.com/c/SunnahTrust/playlists
19. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCm4AMY84K_X6TF0ddmKWbvw
20. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCddNPYT4rLd8nTgI5cQFvEw/videos
21. https://www.youtube.com/c/AhlussunnahMedia/videos
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evsjv fvlvq nvw`m PPv© (1952-2015)

XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wcGBP.wW. wWwMÖi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©

XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv-1000 evsjv‡`k

(W. gynv¤§` Avãyi ikx`)

(gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn)

gynv¤§` Avnmvb Djøvn

3.4 fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki nv`xm PP©v †K›`ª I weL¨vZ gynvwÏme„›` ...................................... 70

wiRvjkv‡¯¿i DrcwË I µgweKvk .............................................................................210

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv,

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

cÖvmw½K mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

nv`xm welqK M‡elYv cÖeÜ m¤úwK©Z mvwnZ¨

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

nv`xm welqK Gg.wdj w_wmm

nv`xm welqK wcGBP.wW. Awfm›`f©

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi †gŠj cÖZ¨qmg~n

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

M‡elYvi cUf~wg, mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv, D‡Ïk¨, c×wZ I cÖZ¨qMZ AwfÁvb

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv,

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

Avj-KziAv‡b nv`xm (‫ )حـديـث‬k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

35 Avj-KziAvb, 12: 111

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

K. Avj-KziAv‡b nv`x‡mi Acwinvh©Zv I cÖvgvwYKZv

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

2.2 cÖ_g hyM : wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm PP©v

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

K. QÙ‡e‡k wReivC‡ji (Av) AvMgb

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

2.2.3. nv`x‡mi weKvkaviv

96 gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, cÖv¸³, c„.24-25

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

K. gnvbexi (mv.) gv°x Rxe‡b nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v

100 Bgvg gymwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 1468

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk

M. mwÜPzw³ I wewfbœ‡`‡k `~Z †cÖi‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`xm PP©v

2.2.4 mvnvex I cÖexY ZvweC‡`i hy‡M nv`xm msiÿY I PP©v

nv`xm PP©v: cwiPq, cÖ‡qvRbxqZv, DrcwË I µgweKvk