ctlacked the Jlwa in a alway tation

and ta kbtd a knije mto bin tomach

alvpt. Right pem he haplat
bed, te Eiwan
uwam
mied to the king to
the IA amd thut the imntegraton was dlne

Previauy the t
Amdepndlna nawacdte
was also
kangdn ppoteed by
stenatienal
tnade patno tha kgolom that
incluled
qionut pewes ake UsA Gtanamd Fnanc
Srem the vienoy pewised by home
not to
Trawamedle to for
grdia was a milstone ccers to? INe as
dgeat all the
who stod
wth tanamete kngdomn
deubt the ceclit
agaut Bnda No
to the
peeple Tyawance
The case ntudy n shepal
Accesi'on:
The
pinely tate s a
land locked
eingcdom located at the centre and'a This
kingo a coileable
Pepibion
nd was uled by ulen Nawab
Hawiulla khan He way

Nowal
veny ingutntial
Sndia who
shared close te with
the
nceroy nd ao othen Bith
ngandte aluo eved the
the Chambe Puines thainan
pout te tred his best to
dniny the taanger
push hus stand
ndepnene within Bnoliam tvuty and
hecend bet case he
preyeud to jon
Pakitan en Timah took Reen o t im

making khepal Pakistan

the Nawab
ddnot Ppen to jo gndia
aged that the nia gevmnemt
deminated
and alle /NC
was a
soualst regme
the comunt y ntegnating
ane peinaly tatey nto nd
t'a,the Bctih
dong bitducal mistake by
coeat
woudng
becone termitot Ara hat
natiens Hen ce to the wester
the geitng noependenee to
and puney
balane kingdoms was the bet
cheel
Conim nthe wOUd.
when his pouenal
vienoy
lby 1aied, the Nawab tuid hs lat
cavd with the
wing
the
9slam in Dangenneligos card oth the
He

kimgdem knongy agued that his

camet uwire pucleminatty being
this to INe)
a Mlin state
wmolen a Hiddu
Regine lie
touer al the
dot Nawab
bring neultt The
shock to
hinn by sting with
goewent and he
lwith the Nauwab that 4 Nehu wa a seiait cownten argued
the (NC also has Patl as the capitaist and
se thi jaction (Ne Cead by Patel weuld be
the ceunten hek and balane on Nehus

Sen the people Bhopat indvding

the muia) oclnot come to he Nanl,
A populan potet memt «taite d ithin

the kingd om jointy by hinds ad nslins

againt Nanb'% dymasty fuen inmah wat
heiples as thene uas mo access o pakintan to
Nend miatay aiitamee to Bhepal as the

kingem Was
swvewndead on all ds

ndi feitty Fmaly, by May 949. the nauab

Mepped den mhen au docs wee closed to
him and he sned the tnstrunmnt 9cesion
The cas tucly oy Jwnaga kingdom:
The
kingdom Junagarb located on the
uest coast
Andia in the prnt olay Guyaat
tate was uuled by Nawab Muhammad Mohathat
han He as vey cloe assOU ate
keague paty and one the most pominnt
tmd spensoer to Tinah The wavak had a
diwan Shah auaz khan Bhutto. Though the

Muling class g the kingdon belenged to

wutin commnty, the peopte compised
nearly 84/ hinus. The kongdom shared land
with ndia ard sea
cownectiuiky
to the simd Province
connectivdy
Pakistan. he Nauab
was peplanly lenoun ar a lonen opened
a laias ljetye and he Pejed to Jen
his titte anod
Pakintam to pretect nd kngdlem
August 1944, he few to kan acb
iptant hree ds
packng
 and
Jeuelley, om theu, h annoned
that ha kingdems a the dnlrwmt
Acesion with Pakintan.
he
Fimgtom 9 Tmaganb occeped
pcaal pontion - the Home winnten anol
the Fathen o; Nation , both
Thas kingdom and coim
canne om
Pakistan aho shaned the
udentally the Fathon
nthii kingdon . 6o , it
was not just potutial
wmue but also an emotional wue
jonment The Kinqdom alo
holds he Somnath
temple, the puole o Hindus amd
the baea Long back
len
jint Ruacleman wsued the
M
andian
this
nipton in p e daerit
wanted
do, Potel Logueally
Jnagarh to jorin dndia while
league suppoted the Nawab'k de cihion,
/NC wamted peeple to cleaco en Patel
e«peeod that Pakistam withwthe
acceptme ? IOA mgmed by the Nawab the
Ancliam gorenent wOuld allou kashmi
to pakita But contnay to thee expectation
Jinah stovd tubbtn
je Junagarh, inyat.
againt to this O n 7wo-nation

Hirt owans pre ict that t Tinnak

thetiy bngaininy tout
ued Jumaganb Case

was
kahmin as the case en Kashmin
Jumagank .The tnduam
penfect vee o uyples to
al The
avment olisconected
 aMd cneate d usis pree On the
Tunagah
Diwan. t panalel go venent was
jmed
bt a local leadn bavaldas Gamdhu that
bueught a protut movement n
The Diwa Was compelled to cendut
Tumagarh
Peferendum on adrne amdian 9ovnent.
The eslts wee mund

Tumaganh people voted to join mdia

aloun'ng, Nearty 94957
Thu, Sndian govemment deelanead the acceion
LY Feb 1448 Tnah
, ied that
the refeendn Was egal,
he was as he
bt

could
ntovnal the
LNC to take the 6ame stad n Karin Begtumpet
M nlia
Case
- Decccn
Aa
The case
oCen:
Hyoxerabad wWas
qthe Ue Usmarua
states e frdla nuld by the
langst pnely wmwvensity
This klmgdon became
Omwands by
jindepnaent
om 424
Chin Qalich khan ( Anoy
tha | Nizam
Fnom 1124-948 seren igarn
Pulecl the kngdrm The tigdom geaty got
ahinked olue to lots the ceeled dintructy

(Rayale eme NGUhen CincaY (costal

Anclhra)) as a sctleent nden
(800 onwrd
'ance om 1947 the
kingdem compouied todayk Telamgana
along witt potio
ome
Mahanasnt
and kematcka. Thongh he
were ulim, the majiuty 9lation
indude d telugu reaking hinou comuniae
While the wtban ateas werre demnated
by Mlim adliniitnatos, the nal ae
wee mostly hald o hintu laditd
wde the hold
who uppotd the Nizam's mule
nlke the other Rojay and Nawabs
Anelia , the Nizama stayed in their kingolom,
Joced on adninistnatien , poded mamy
weyare ad ovelopment pog ans to the pecple.
Jt wa ne 6uch
kingdom hat competed wis
all the happening e
Britah Anaia The rulens
bHought a the mecle techmology lke kaclwys.
Roaday , aiay, inigational
Aectniby postal amd feleg apbie netwdks,
the
people But theru was a netwtes to
meclucatn
secto , Though the
Onanice miremty
that
lagely promoted wdu educatin
biouht diatiy acten ameng Rinde
ubjedts trcupt ja
petncmimpota, he kingdom
n all othen
les were ne , the
dectos.The
uchet comnities
the wld who owned
Yand the
lond the th Nijan
sman-Al kha, i- kingdom's
man who aluays lived in
cno not
actire im pubic appeanmce olewoled to make simplity
Hyderatad an indpenont kingom
kinglom cnd in
2xtatcingy caue it woWd join Pakistan
Tinnah invited and encownagea The Nigam'i
 iddea, while Patel declane od that the plenaba d
became a cancen in Smdia s helly amd we il
not allow it to qewv. The iNC anged that
the
peopl metty being hindus Myawabad
beimg a landlocked kimgdom caNMot
itheor yo ndepndme ßi to jon Paketan.
Join Jria Movenmet
lath June, (944 the Nizamm oeelaned
in the Hyolnabacd state kadao abot hes not
j'einng mauan mon: He lso itLed oders
tn the Kt week 144? Augst that the lag
hotiting celebatim wee baned mthe
kingiem He
houeren ngred the stomditu
ageement with sndi gerement n
Noveb, l44? so that he can byy tme to
make mtu vigólous preparattions
The public sentment n tyderaiad
kinglom ddionot math with izann's
aspiations . The Hyolnabad state Congus
which was actire Pom 1938 enwas
prremded by &vami Rannamda Teetha
atarted satyagaha movenent mthe wbar
aeas through mass nalies and proteta
with the Toin 9aia' en
sdegan the
hindu Gigamisations like Rss, Hindu Maha
obha and Vishalamolhra Mahatabha
jond INC. sn the uwal aeas, the leadeuhip
weu laken by the c o m n t s in t%e
nae
q Telamgana peasant staggle that
 Atarted tom
em i946 Bey. hehe Comnumts
lauched a nwolutionay ght aganst the
pactiiea 7 alaneny and
and hondea
bonded labon (vett
amd kagheta Bhagela) againt he Ngam
Cnd hinu landlÛds. The lamdles
peanamta we
mmition ond wee into
diganied
miltamt goups callld Dalams . Thee ewent
wee
Pulanty heen im the diitructs
Walgonda, wedak, khanam
Karimnagan
9t coeated a esse to the Ngms govt
The dak epooda Razakans:
n 1922, a s a l and cltwral
gamsation
Mulins knen as
Wsilnen CMUM) was estabisheel
the mustim in Hyaenabad kingdom bt
membs
it was
ony wejane garinatim, but i
|9y0s it tuned nto mitant
lqansation
naer its ner penent haim Rasvi He
lawyer aduate rm Alisanh and
Was oftn ttled ar dousle doseod
Sed tinah
Hyoarabod He gare transng q arm
amnit'n to the nebe the
anol
andl caued them a the
olgasatin
Razakau Cvotmtay seemky
 kashin sualed Timmah amd wen the
etored mto The
Pakistam leadig
to the 4t nd Pak waM 1444. Dctobo and
Neenmber were two wuual months bwtO
wheu ardian my Couta puh back the
eMeey fo s0me extent 7he Pakittan aA ny
had a betler were in high altitude
Zonmes he aad to be ltered n Dec, 1944

due to intenty wimton.

The ole UNO kashmin wss:
n the morthe on Novmber and Decemben 194
when the
terpolaily ateped, sueral ntenal
auscin wert on with andin govt the
kasmin poblem became not emotional
but also am ecenone bulen n tnouan le
The govemmnt had othen
mamy peng sues
to be addened apant om the Kashni
beme Leaou alo mounted pessue on Nehru
abot geSnces
kushmnin: the
Wotbatten who was
the
yacto mletany head
Qncia sugseted
Nehu to talee Kashnin e to UNo
Nehe
accptec this adrie
n cgnmdenation :
taing the

(a) anaua hensely is a

and canot vistate teunding
he
cb) VNO was es tablshed n 1qu ntemational law
intenational abtrati pecejeally
neAOve
 (aterat nates the attak oj Audia
en Sehea
1414 and the atta ck enmamy
n Petand n 3 led to t
woUd was
Hee expected to pteent notuatin
. he attack n Kaskmn by
Pakisten Aecding to Nehne mut nct

matural that whe two

ght they appah the
agansatim e Jauitiie niematnal
and nvehe clso dd
Syole taking the cne to
alio eNUlnated UNs UNo,
dialng tth Peneimance
othen such smilar
the preges cants and

n ist
Kashm aatiqatei
S nia
too
Tan, (L68, ncua
the tttle
The ptesented case tr
complained that
niiy fakittan int Mahanaya
kashin
and UN mut muit be trteated
take
nitattive
thi ceqal oupatton. The C'NSC
ylme d UNCIe (UN
Commision o? ndia and Pakuta) and
the
disuscod
ahcck
mdia tehen
the ttle thi cas as
7 chavged to tnde-fat
qcostion .This ttle qai 29al status
eiamaut to Pakinta alse to dyenl ite sfatnd
KAhn The vN béttayed Sndie and it wns

Nocl Baken no
changed
cae? dangeneus
thein
poticy
tin u
post ena
pantition
e tna'a histdy compensote
in Kashnn
ssue to the
ceation
helping
Pakistan the
dussatinyeto nda't uual gevimg
to
Pakittan 1qug ageed
kashmir the
wUd
en
thoughout efualNAM t
bjw
divet case bnetsApr am
stratege
thein ond twit s in nations
as
in pem contenton
karminvs Kashn Pupot
togndiam
stugge the
wUd. ccleas Thui
fnda jotloved also
contied
this therm na,
Nehu'a
to
to cliplomatke
ule Rught paortition kashmin. pacty acctawng posikonn
msing weel ts g
poutn
oy foleg
sotutin
@
hetiay amd
block
and
his the
using to
that
t bothe Heleased
helped ceaseene
always tin
lndia. Svcepemdence
periocd wold
would de
bene Wuim
commwnity
cold
wan colduan
peiod moie
icumntamce.
qo
UN
Be
clivioe Iw1445
to
to
This
peyect Bitd Ava status
alsohan
kami
Britaim amod UNo UNC
(P
Ruttsh 1q42,
Thy Pakinta. innelated
vs to
decde
the brinng Ammeiate
o txsleie jon
the
us locatio
in Centencheck
potiy
Bengl attentgn
maintain
om gn
the
qwouled
The the
The Cs
a hand
uch with
dThe
 bOth natioy im oecenbr 19-8 amol h s
Loc C ne
exitece wth

44 tevito tndiam contn el amd

ttvvutdy wnden Pok
The withcrawd
Gvadual 9eclcdion
Palcintan oops
To mouam preene
condut plebiscite
oben to le ciole Jbuks an ternational
UNCIP
popsals a oleallocd situation
etion who sheud
the
Hegon Acodng to witholaw
amdi'a, e
blane the ibal ann s
hat t was t erent amd

Paeintan amm mitay

Dn
dnana
the
peged by
jeds it other hand, Paeistan
and bloresamenenent
dnua in tibal
mwasn
as the
neithey the terut itcle.bo,
natiom is eady to
withiaw thein
Weamhile ,Neh
thoughe that at any oay in the
imiegatin og JY Kamd plebiuccte tutue Hhe
would become
inwitable. Tiu the
complete
done, n the
ahn was
Peiod me mit pholal inteqaton
the truut ama
a voable vet
conyience
the
people to hare
plebitate
the Atiile 340 ohich tdia and thue
gves speccal tatu to
the state
glren
tu the ndetation sfly olne. tempolaypovun
The

jn kashwmin vae eves to the Atate eleckions

Am these ele cions, The INc and
an atamce nden
National conyeemce gamed
 the
Caduy hip o Rajiw Gomdh,(he then PM Ct
Bndia. The other local leaderu anol pantien
jemed nto conten alllance caled
MUFC i n ted
Fnont). The ndia Todays
hney and many othen nepot, congim
that
The mulimg paty conueted seral elect¯ial
matpactices and nelhically dyeatead ME
Canoudate 1m meemoatii meams The MUE
memben who
moty upresented the Azedi
Kashmin Gueup highly dumatiyed
these eleetes and they becanne easy tevgela
Paktam jvenent whn hey coldmothit
the hard
tget (amolangovemmnt)the, they
eoUedt militant methodi making Hirnolu
pamdits Kashmii
vaey
dyt targta. The
attacks and atoctiu on the
hndu pamds
ae the conmeqences ra8? elections
The Pomduts were
threateened to & vactte the
vaey s0 that it wuld
Muim mayduty ugion cempelely beconne a
 The debale on Natonol lonueqe

Thee One two

maton fo amp typee
lememt lanyuage poicg Dne
National langage
Thhe
people coing peitial
ctral
oecome the
sphene " This
Language opeakeny wold
ne Pemany citen naten The second
related
The aslmintr ative sphe.
negulr bsines and
trayactins
gevement happes tn cl languager A
mtienal
Camg can aso be the
b t not ne tccat
Yerese Case

many dinintegaton Rernam empe

One
eopeam ntiens were bom eut t.
lamgag speakers jemeot ito ne
nation
oly the Kingdema
thene nations erenle thein nomenlatwe
ttence the iepean langayt mames.
mationalln ws a chiMd
limgutie nity nd cbhoing a national
then wau an easy tak On the othen hand
ndia is a land lingisti airentiea ere
ceilnable
tguage get
has ts hintucal legay
Canguage
netuminos lfenatoe b eople take pude cn
fhein mothen tonge. Hne t ti not a
task to chcoe a national lagage jo ml

county