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NCPA
NCPA
NCPA
The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) is an arts centre containing
an opera house in the Xicheng District of Beijing, People's Republic of China. Designed
by French architect Paul Andreu, the NCPA opened in 2007 and is the largest theatre
complex in Asia. The NCPA is semi-spherical in appearance, with a long axis length of
212.20 meters in the east-west direction, a short axis length of 143.64 meters in the
north-south direction, a height of 46.285 meters, an area of 119,900 square meters, and
a total construction area of approximately 165,000 square meters, including 105,000
square meters of main buildings and 60,000 square meters of underground, auxiliary
facilities, with a total cost of 3.067 billion yuan.[3] The centre contains an opera hall,
music hall, theater and art exhibition halls, restaurants, audio shops, and other
supporting facilities.
Architecture
Construction
The exterior of the NCPA is a steel structural shell. It has a semi-ellipsoidal shape. The
length of the long axis in the east-west direction of the plane projection is 212.20 m
(696.2 ft), the length of the short axis in the north-south direction is 143.64 m (471.3 ft),
and the height of the building is 46.285 m (151.85 ft), which is slightly lower than
the Great Hall of the People by 3.32 meters. The deepest part of the foundation reaches
32.5 m (107 ft). It is as tall as ten floors. The large theatre shell is made up of more than
18,000 pieces of titanium metal plates, covering an area of more than
30,000 m2 (320,000 sq ft). Of the more than 18,000 pieces of titanium metal plates, only
four are the same shape. The titanium metal plate is specially oxidized, and its surface
metallic lustre is very textured and has a consistent colour for 15 years. The middle part
is an involute glass curtain wall, which is made up of more than 1,200 pieces of ultra-
white glass. The ellipsoidal shell surrounds the artificial lake, with a surface area of
34,300 square meters, all channels and entrances located below the water surface.
Pedestrians need to enter the performance hall from an 80-meter underwater passage.
Design
The National Centre for the Performing Arts and the Great Hall of the People
NCPA located on the south side of Chang'an Street, in the heart of Beijing. According to
the requirements of Beijing's overall planning, the height of the NCPA cannot exceed
the height of the Great Hall of the People(46 meters), but the functional requirements of
the NCPA can not be load in the 46-meter space, so it can only develop underground.
The NCPA extends ten stories underground, making 60% of the building area
underground. It is the most in-depth underground project of public buildings in Beijing.
The deepest place is 32.5 meters, which is directly below the stage of the Opera hall.
The 17 meters underground of the NCPA is the ancient river channel of the Yongding
River in Beijing. The underground of the NCPA contains abundant groundwater.
The buoyancy generated by this groundwater can support a giant aircraft carrier
weighing 1 million tons. Such tremendous buoyancy is enough to hold up the entire
theater. The traditional solution is to pump groundwater out continuously, but the result
of pumping groundwater is that a 5-km-wide "groundwater funnel" will be formed
underground near the theatre area, causing settlement of surrounding grounds, and
even ground buildings may appear crack. To solve this problem, engineers and
technicians have conducted a detailed investigation and used concrete to pour an
underground wall from the highest water level of the groundwater to the 60-meter
underground clay layer. This vast "bucket" formed by subterranean concrete walls can
enclose the foundation of the NCPA. The water pump draws the water out of the
"bucket" so that no matter how the water pumped in the foundation, the groundwater
outside the "bucket" will not be affected, and the surrounding buildings will be safe.
The 6,750-ton steel beam frame made the largest dome. The structure of the NCPA is
composed of a single curved steel beam. More than 18,000 pieces of titanium metal
plate and more than 1,200 pieces of ultra-white transparent glass form a massive shell
of 2,000 square meters. The world's largest dome is not supported by a pillar. The outer
layer of the dome coated with nano materials, and when the rain falls on the glass
surface, it will not leave water stains. At the same time, nanotechnology also
dramatically reduces the adhesion of dust.
To test the noise generated by raindrops falling on the domes with ten football fields, the
scientists conducted repeated experiments. Experiments have shown that if effective
noise prevention is not carried out, the sound in the entire dome will be like a drum
when the rain falls. The anti-noise problem between theater to theater and theater to
outside is solved by the use of a technique called "sound gate".
NCPA is surrounded by an artificial lake, although the winter temperatures in Beijing
sometimes fall below zero degrees Celsius and the lake does not freeze in the winter. It
is achieved by the use of a closed circulation system, the constant temperature
groundwater injected into the lake surface, so the water temperature of the artificial lake
can be controlled above zero degrees in winter.
Location
The north gate of the NCPA, which serves as the main entrance
The location, immediately to the west of Tiananmen Square and the Great Hall of the
People, and near the Forbidden City, combined with the theatre's futuristic design,
created considerable controversy.[7] Paul Andreu countered that although there is indeed
value in ancient traditional Chinese architecture, Beijing must also include modern
architecture, as the capital of the country and an international city of great importance.
His design, with large open space, water, trees, was specially designed to complement
the red walls of ancient buildings and the Great Hall of the People, in order to melt into
the surroundings as opposed to standing out against them.