Oliver De Francesco

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CNAV - Exam #3 (Untimed)

Started on Tuesday, 20 February 2024, 5:07 PM

State Finished
Completed on Thursday, 22 February 2024, 12:23 PM
Time taken 1 day 19 hours
Grade 30.00 out of 40.00 (75%)

Question 1 The LMT of first light would be earlier at the destination than at the departure point in the
Correct
southern hemisphere for a flight which travels -
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 Select one:
south in summer
west in winter

east in winter
north in summer

The best way to answer this type of question is to ask yourself whether the days are getting
longer or shorter.

If the time at which first light occurs is earlier at the destination, you must be flying towards
longer days. So which way do you have to fly in the Southern Hemisphere to find longer days?
That would be south in summer or north in winter. Which answer is one of these?

The answer is south in summer.

The correct answer is: south in summer
Question 2 Refer to the Townsville WAC. Page 23 of the RPL-PPL-CPL-Workbook
Correct
You are planning a flight from Ingham to Lyndhurst Homestead [about 104 nm west-south-west
Mark 3.00 out of of Ingham. You departed Ingham at 2210 UTC.
3.00
You are forced to make a number of diversions just after departure due to low cloud. At 2220
UTC you obtain a fix over Mount Fox [about 22 nm from Ingham and 4 nm left of track.

The weather is now clear and you take up a heading of 250 degrees M. At 2243 UTC you obtain
another fix over Lucky Downs Homestead about 67 nm from Ingham and 5 nm right of track.
Your heading and TAS have been constant since 2220.

The heading you should fly to fly direct from Lucky Downs to Lyndhurst Homestead is closest
to 230 M

This is a cross-track one in sixty problem.

You can't take any notice of the leg from Ingham to Mt Fox because you haven't held a
constant heading.
Consider the leg from Mt Fox to Lucky Downs. From 4nm left of track to 5nm right of track in
45nm. That's 9nm cross track in 45nm. The track error has been 12°.

The closing angle from Lucky Downs to Lyndhurst is 5nm in 39nm = 8°.
Heading change required is 12 + 8 = 20° Left. So new heading is 250 - 20 = 230°M
The correct answer is: 230

Question 3 To ensure that the flight planned track will be intercepted before the station, the heading
Correct
change used must be greater than -
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 Select one:
the sum of the track error and the closing angle
the difference between the track error and the closing angle
the track error

the closing angle

The heading change must be greater than the sum of the track error and the closing angle to
ensure that the original flight planned track will be intercepted before the destination.
The correct answer is: the sum of the track error and the closing angle
Question 4 An aircraft is cruising at an indicated air speed of 150 kt at FL 140.
Incorrect
If the temperature at cruise level is +7 degrees C, and a 25 kt head wind exists, the time
Mark 0.00 out of required to cover the next 245 nm will be closest to -
2.00

Select one:
98 min

76 min
90 min
87 min

At 14,000 with an OAT of +7°C, an indicated air speed of 150 knots is equivalent to a true air
speed of 192 knots. [From the flight computer].
A TAS of 192 in a 25 knot headwind gives a ground speed of 167 knots.

245nm at 167k will take 88 minutes.

The nearest answer is 87 minutes.
The correct answer is: 87 min
Question 5 Refer to the figure below:
Correct
Given that p = 2 nm, Dl = 20 nm and D2 = 60 nm.
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 A constant HDG has been maintained since 0400 at A. At 0410 over B the track error is -

Select one:
6 Deg left

2 Deg left

8 Deg left
12 Deg left

You are 2nm off track after 20nm. The track error has been 6° left.
The 60nm from B to regaining track has nothing to do with this question.
The correct answer is: 6 Deg left
Question 6 The duration of the period of twilight -
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:
1.00
decreases as latitude increases

is always greatest near the equator

varies with the seasons

increases as latitude increases

The duration of twilight depends only on your latitude. It is shortest at the equator and
becomes longer as you move away from the equator. So as latitude increases, the duration of
twilight increases. If you go far enough south in the southern hemisphere, you will reach a
point where twilight will last the full 24 hours.

Many people think that the duration of twilight varies with the seasons. That is not correct, it
depends only on your latitude and it doesn't change throughout the year.
The correct answer is: increases as latitude increases

Question 7 Select the chart which is a Mercator Projection -

Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:
1.00
World Aeronautical Chart [WAC]

En Route Chart [ERC]

Visual Terminal Chart [VTC]

Visual Navigation Chart [VNC]

If you check the margins of your charts you will find that all of the charts are Lambert's
projections except for the Visual Terminal Chart [VTC}. The VTC is a transverse Mercator
projection.
The correct answer is: Visual Terminal Chart [VTC]
Question 8 A pilot finds his drift is 6 degrees L on a heading of 030 degrees M.
Correct
If the TAS and ground speed respectively are 180 kt and 195 kt, the actual wind is closest to -
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00
Select one:
153 degrees M at 24 kt
333 degrees M at 24 kt

254 degrees M at 24 kt
074 degrees M at 24 kt

The actual wind is 153°M at 24 knots. See the Nav book page 4.45.
The correct answer is: 153 degrees M at 24 kt
Question 9 The LMT for first light for places on the same parallel of latitude will -
Incorrect
Mark 0.00 out of Select one:
1.00
be the same on the autumn equinox only
be the same on the summer solstice only

be the same on any given day

be the same on any equinox

On any given date, everybody on the same parallel of latitude will experience BOD and EOD at
the same local mean time.

When you use the BOD or EOD charts, you enter at the date and go to the latitude to extract
the local mean time for BOD or EOD. That is valid for every point on that particular parallel on
that date.
The correct answer is: be the same on any given day

Question 10 BOD at A is 0500 LMT, while EOD at B is 1830 LMT.

Correct
If A is on 131 degrees E longitude and B is on 161 degrees E longitude, the number of hours of
Mark 3.00 out of daylight available for a flight from A to B on that day is -
3.00

Select one:
12 hours
11 hours 30 minutes

13 hours
11 hours

The earth turns at 360° in 24 hours which is 15° per hour. The easy way to do this one is to
recognise that the towns are separated by 30° of longitude so that is 2 hours of time. Convert
EOD at B into LMT at A. That's 18hr30min - 2hr = 16hr 30 min.

Now that both times are in LMT at A, you can simply subtract them.
16.30 - 05.00 = 11hr 30min.

The daylight available is 11hr 30 min.

The correct answer is: 11 hours 30 minutes
Question 11 Morning civil twilight commences -
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:
1.00
when the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon

10 minutes before sunrise

when the sun is on the horizon
when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon

Morning civil twilight commences when the centre of the sun's disk is 6° below the observer's
horizon. By the way, there are other twilights besides civil twilight. Astronomical twilight
commences when the centre of the sun's disk is 18° below the observer's horizon.
The correct answer is: when the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon

Question 12 0800 Eastern Standard Time on the 3rd November converted to UTC is -
Correct
Mark 3.00 out of Select one:
3.00
022100 UTC

031900 UTC
022200 UTC
032200 UTC

This is a nice easy one!

0800 on the 3rd is written as 030800.
The standard allowance to convert EST to UTC is to subtract 10 hours.

So from 3 days 8 hours 00 minutes we subtract 10 hours.

That gives us 2 days 22 hours 00 minutes.

022200 UTC
The correct answer is: 022200 UTC
Question 13 Given that the flight planned track is 080 degrees M and the TAS and heading of 070 degrees M
Incorrect
have been held constant since departure.
Mark 0.00 out of If a fix is obtained 4 nm left of track and 40 nm from the departure point -
2.00

Select one:
the drift has been 4 degrees R and the wind is coming from the left side of FPT

the drift has been 6 degrees L and the wind is coming from the left side of FPT
the drift has been 6 degrees R and the wind is coming from the right side of FPT
the drift has been 4 degrees L and the wind is coming from the left side of FPT

You are 4nm left of track after 40nm, so your track error has been 6° right.
The track made good therefore is 080-6 = 074°M
The heading that produced that track made good was 070°M.

The drift has been 4° right and the wind is coming from the left side of track.
The correct answer is: the drift has been 4 degrees R and the wind is coming from the left side
of FPT
Question 14 Refer to the figure below which represents CTA steps centered on A.
Correct
An aircraft is at X at A020.
Mark 1.00 out of
1.00 If the climbing GS is 120 kt and ROC 800 fpm, the minimum distance from A at which you could
commence a continuous climb to A085 and remain outside controlled airspace is approximately
-

Select one:
40 nm
44 nm
28 nm
34 nm
If you are going to remain OCTA, you must not be above 6000 feet until you are 50nm out.
That is the point that matters. After you pass 50nm, you have no problem remaining OCTA as
you continue the climb to 8500 feet.

You will gain 4000 feet as you climb to 6000 feet and at 800 feet per minute, that will take
you 5 minutes. At 120 knots ground speed, you will cover 10nm during the climb to 6000 feet.

You should commence the climb not before 40nm out to be sure that you will not be above
6000 feet at 50nm.
The correct answer is: 40 nm
Question 15 Refer to the Sydney WAC. Page 25 of the RPL-PPL-CPL-Workbook
Incorrect
You are planning a VFR flight from Goulburn to Forbes.
Mark 0.00 out of
3.00 You depart Goulburn at 0333 UTC and due to smoke from bush fires you divert to the right of
track and follow the from Goulburn to Crookwell. At 0344 you are over Crookwell [about 22
nm north west of Goulburn] and the smoke has cleared.

You take up a heading of 310 degrees M. AT 0412 you obtain a fix over the small township of
Billimari [about 87 nm from Goulburn]. Your TAS and Heading have been held constant since
0344.

The heading required to track direct from the 0412 position to Forbes is closest to 294

This is a diverging track one in sixty.

You can't take any notice of the leg from Goldburn to Crookwell because you haven't held a
constant heading.

Crookwell to Billimari you were originally 4nm right of track and at Billimari you were 10nm
right of track. You moved a further 10 - 4 = 6nm cross track in 65nm.
Your track error was 6nm in 65nm = 5°.
The closing angle from Billimari to Forbes is 10nm in 39nm = 15°. Heading change required is 5
+ 15 = 20° left.

New heading is 310 - 20 = 290°M

The correct answer is: 290
Question 16 If you are uncertain of your position and wish to track direct to the nearest VOR station you
Correct
should:
Mark 1.00 out of Turn on the VOR, tune it in to the station, listen for the station ident and -
1.00

Select one:
Turn the OBS knob until the 000 shows on the OBI with 'TO' showing, then fly a
heading that keeps the CDI centred

Turn the OBS knob until the CDI centres with 'TO' showing, then fly a heading that
keeps the CDI centred

Set 000 on the OBS and fly a heading that keeps the CDI centred

Turn the OBS knob until the CDI centres with 'FROM' showing, then fly a heading
that keeps the CDI centred

As you rotate the OBS, the CDI will move across the face of the instrument from one side to
the other. As it moves in one direction the flag will say "TO", and as it moves in the other
direction the flag will say "FROM".
The setting you are after is the point where the flag is saying "TO" and the CDI is centred. You
should then check the bearing on the OBS and turn onto that direction as an initial heading.
Continue to fly towards the station, adjusting your heading as neccessary to keep the CDI
centred.
The correct answer is: Turn the OBS knob until the CDI centres with 'TO' showing, then fly a
heading that keeps the CDI centred
Question 17 Refer Fig 28
Correct
Mark 3.00 out of
3.00

This represents CTA steps centred on A. The aeroplane is at X at 4500 ft AMSL. Climbing GS =
120 kt.

If controlled airspace protection is desired, the minimum constant rate of climb (to the
nearest 100 fpm) for a continuous climb on track from X to A090 is 400 feet per

minute

The key to this question is to visualise the side-on view of the airspace.
You are already in CTA and you wish to remain in CTA. AIP ENR 1.1 para 3.12 says that if you
wish to remain in CTA you must remain at least 500ft above the lower limit. Therefore you
must be at least 6500ft by 30nm.
You must climb from 4500 to 6500 in the next 10nm. At 120kt, that's 5 minutes. To gain 2000ft
in 5 minutes, the rate of climb required is 400 feet per minute.
The correct answer is: 400
Question 18 Determine the minimum fuel required at start up for an air transport flight of 127 minutes
Incorrect
duration.
Mark 0.00 out of Assume cruise conditions throughout (Given: cruise fuel flow = 120 L/hr, taxi allowance = 15 L,
2.00 use cruise fuel flow to calculate fixed fuel reserve).

The minimum fuel required at start up is closest to 269 L

Minimum fuel required at start-up = Flight Fuel x 1.1 + Fixed Reserve + Taxi
Flight Fuel is 127 minutes at 2 litres per minute = 254 litres.

Fixed Reserve is 45 minutes at 2 litres per minute = 90 litres

.
Taxi fuel allowance = 15 litres.
Minimum fuel required at start-up = 254 x 1.1 + 90 + 15 = 385 litres

The correct answer is 385 litres.

The correct answer is: 385

Question 19 An aircraft is cruising at FL 150 at a TAS of 165 kt.

Correct
If the outside air temperature is - 20 degrees C, the speed that would be indicated on the face
Mark 2.00 out of of the air speed indicator would be closest to -
2.00

Select one:
133 kt
165 kt

155 kt

150 kt

This is a job for your flight computer.

Set the pressure height of 15000ft against the temperature of -20°C.
Against the TAS of 165 on the outside scale, read the IAS of 133 on the inside scale.

The IAS would be 133 knots.

The correct answer is: 133 kt
Question 20 Select statement which correctly describes a property of a WAC chart -
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:
1.00
Straight lines cut every meridian at the same angle

All rhumb lines are concave to the equator

One minute on a standard parallel is equal to one nautical mile

Charts may be joined exactly east / west

A WAC is a Lambert's Conformal Conic Projection. The meridians are not parallel, they
converge to the pole, therefore a straight line drawn on the chart will cut the meridians at
different angles.
A rhumb line will be concave to the pole [convex to the equator].

One minute of latitude is a nautical mile. The minutes marked on a parallel are minutes of
longitude.

East/West WACs may be joined exactly because they are actually projections of the same
cone.
The correct answer is: Charts may be joined exactly east / west

Question 21 When overflying a VOR station one cockpit indication you should expect is that -
Correct
Mark 1.00 out of Select one:
1.00
the reciprocal radial will automatically be displayed on the OBI
the CDI will rotate through 180 degrees

the flag and CDI will oscillate briefly then a steady 'FROM' indication will be
displayed
the station ident will cease briefly while you are exactly overhead

There is a zone of instability in the signal in the immediate vicinity above the ground station.
If you have set the OBS correctly the VOR will indicate "TO" while you are approaching the
station. There will be a brief period of oscillation as you pass through the zone of insability
[just a few seconds], then the instrument will automatically change from a "TO" indication to a
"FROM" indication. When that happens, you have what we call station passage.
The correct answer is: the flag and CDI will oscillate briefly then a steady 'FROM' indication
will be displayed
Question 22 Refer to the figure below:
Correct
Given that p = 4 nm, D = 60 nm and Track = 270 degrees M.
Mark 2.00 out of
2.00 A constant HDG has been maintained between 0200 at A and 0240 at B.

The track error during this period was -

Select one:
4 degrees R

9 degrees R
5 degrees R

12 degrees R

You are 4nm off track after 60nm so your track error is 4°right.
The correct answer is: 4 degrees R

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