In[6]:= Solve[0  λ0 / a - λ0 / (a + L) + Q / (a + L) ^ 2, a] // FullSimplify

L2 λ0
Out[6]= a  - 
Q + L λ0

In[7]:=

 Solve[0==λ0/a - λ0/(a+L)+Q/(a+L)^2,a]

Input interpretation:

λ0 λ0 Q
solve 0 - + for a
a a+L (a + L )2

Results : Hide steps

a λ0 ≠ 0 and Q  0 and L  0
a (a + L) ≠ 0 and λ0  0 and Q  0
λ0 L 2
a- and λ0 L + Q ≠ 0 and λ0 L Q ≠ 0
λ0 L + Q
Possible intermediate steps:
Solve for a:
λ0 λ0 Q
0 - +
a L + a (L + a)2

Q λ0 λ0 Q λ0 λ0
0 + - is equivalent to + -  0:
( L + a) 2 a L +a (L+a)2 a L +a
Q λ0 λ0
+ - 0
(L + a)2 a L+a

Q λ0 λ0
Bring + - together using the common denominator a (L + a)2 :
(L+a)2 a L +a

a Q + a L λ0 + L 2 λ0
0
a (L + a)2

Multiply both sides by a (L + a)2 :

a Q + a L λ0 + L 2 λ0  0

Collect in terms of a:
L2 λ0 + a (Q + L λ0)  0

Subtract λ0 L2 from both sides:

a (Q + L λ0)  -L2 λ0
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Divide both sides by Q + L λ0:

Answer:

L 2 λ0
a-
Q + L λ0