Section A

1) B 11) B
2) B 12) B
3) A 13) D
4) C 14) C
5) D 15) C

6) B 16) B
7) B 17) C
8) D 18) D
9) B 19) C
10) A 20) A

Section B
1) The diagram below shows a magnified biological drawing of 2 plant stems that have been
dissected in 2 different ways.

a) Describe how stem X and Y were dissected.

X: Cross section
Y: Longitudinal section
[2]
b) The diagram below shows 3 different laboratory equipment.

Fume Hood Laminar Flow Cabinet Biological Safety Cabinet

Suggest the most suitable equipment to be used in the following situations.

i) Testing blood samples of Covid-19 patients
Biological Safety Cabinet
 ii) Culturing microorganisms
Laminar Flow Cabinet
iii) Dealing with bromine gas
Fume Hood
[3]

w
2) The diagram below shows the different levels of cell organisation in humans.

a) Briefly describe how red blood cells differ from a typical animal cell.
Biconcave disc / no nucleus / flexible / has haemoglobin
[1]
b) Why are blood considered tissues?
They are made of similar cells / That are arranged together to carry out a specific
function
[1]
c) Name another component besides red blood cells that can be found in blood.
Platelets/ white blood cells/ plasma proteins
[1]
d) There are four basic types of tissues in the human body. Which basic tissue does blood
belong to?
Connective tissue
[1]
e) Which muscle tissue makes up the heart?
Cardiac muscle [1]

3) The diagram below shows a nucleotide structure.

a) i) Name the parts labelled J, K and L in the diagram above.

J: Pentose sugar, K: Nitrogenous base, L: Phosphate group
[3]
ii) State the type of nucleic acid for the structure in the diagram above.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
 [1]
iii) Name 2 other nitrogenous bases other than the ones shown in the diagram.
Guanine, Cytosine
[2]

b) Complete the following information to show the formation of chromosomes from DNA
and proteins.

i) Histone ii) Nucleosome

[2]

4) The diagram below shows the condition of plant cells before and after being immersed in
solution P.

a) What term would you use to describe solution P?

Hypertonic solution
[1]
b) Explain the process that took place.
- Water diffuses out of the vacuoles by osmosis
- Vacuoles and cytoplasm shrink, causing the plasma membrane to be pulled away from
the cell wall
- This process is known as plasmolysis

[3]
c) What are the effects of this process to the plant?
Plant will wilt
[1]
d) The plant cells were then immersed in distilled water. Explain the process that took place.
 - Water diffuses into the vacuoles by osmosis
- Vacuoles expand and push the cytoplasm and plasma membrane against the cell wall
- Cells become turgid
- This process is known as deplasmolysis

[4]
e) Based on your answer in d), explain why the plant cells do not burst.
Cell wall is rigid and strong
[1]

5) The diagram below shows a process taking place in a protein.

a) Based on the diagram above,

i) Name Protein X and Y
X: Polypeptide
Y: Dipeptide
[2]
ii) Name the monomer that builds up Protein X.
Amino acid
[1]
iv) Name bond P that holds these molecules together.
Peptide bond
[1]
v) Explain what happens in process Q.
-Polypeptide / Protein X is broken down to dipeptides / Protein Y in the process of
hydrolysis.
-This requires water.
[2]

b) Keratin and collagen are examples of proteins that can be found in the human body.
i) Give an example of where these proteins can be found.
Keratin: Skin / hair / nails
Collagen: Bones / tendon / ligaments/ skin
[2]
ii) People with kidney disease are encouraged to go on a low-protein diet to reduce the
production of urea. Based on your answer in b) i), state the possible side effects of
protein deficiency on the body.
 Keratin: Skin sagging or wrinkles / Hair fall / brittle nails
Collagen: Skin sagging or wrinkles / stiff joints

[2]
c) Silk is an example of a protein. A dress made from silk crumples when washed using hot
water at 70℃. Suggest two ways to maintain the quality of the silk dress.
Wash in cold water
Do not dry under direct sunlight
[2]

Section C
Essay Questions (20%)

1. The diagram below shows the formation of triglycerides.

a) Based on the diagram above, explain the formation and the breaking down of
triglycerides.
[5]
b) There are two types of fatty acids, namely saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty
acids. Discuss the similarities and differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty
acids.
[7]
c) Explain why saturated fats are not good for health. Give examples of saturated fats.
[3]
d) Lipids are naturally occurring hydrophobic compounds found in plant and animal
tissues. Describe the types of lipids and explain the functions of lipids in the cells.
[5]
Essay answers