The thermos flask consists of a double-walled glass vessel resting on a cork inside a metal or

plastic case. The outer surface of its inner wall and the inner surface of its outer wall are
silvered. This prevents heat transfer due to radiation. The space between the two walls is
almost vacuum and the walls are sealed at the top. The double-walled glass vessel and vacuum
prevents heat loss by conduction. The insulating stopper or cork at the top minimizes heat loss
by convection.

A thermos flask is designed to prevent the contents of the flask from losing heat.

The silver coating on the inner bottle prevents heat transfer by radiation, and the vacuum
between its double wall prevents heat moving by convection. The thinness of the glass walls
stops heat entering or leaving the flask by conduction.

The task of vacuum flask is to maintain a stable temperature for the liquid inside it, and for this
reason, the vacuum flask manufacturer adopts a special design to reduce heat loss.

The construction of vacuum flask is not complicated. It is vacuumed between the two layers of
the vacuum flask and plated with silver or aluminum, the vacuum state avoids heat convection,
and the silver-plated vacuum flask can reflect the heat from the inside of the container. The
silver inner wall in the vacuum flask can reflect the heat radiation of hot water, the vacuum state
between the inner wall and the shell of the flask can block the transfer of heat, and the flask that
does not exchange heat easily can prevent heat convection.

With these simple functions, stainless steel vacuum insulated flask prevent all heat transfer
through conduction, convection or radiation. In addition, the lid of the vacuum flask is mostly
made of plastic material. Plastic is also a bad conductor of heat, coupled with the multi-layer
design of the lid of the vacuum flask, the air in the middle of the lip can reduce the thermal
conduction of the plastic material, so the vacuum flask can maintain the temperature for a
certain period of time. In fact, it is to slow down the heat exchange time.

If the vacuum flask or insulation bucket contains the ice, the principle is the same, it just reduce
the heat exchange speed between the high temperature outside and the low temperature in
vacuum flask (barrel)

A vacuum flask prevents all heat transfer via either conduction, convection or radiation. The
vacuum between two glass layers prevents conduction. The convection is prevented by the tight
stopper which prevents the air from entering or leaving the flask.
How about radiation? When infrared radiation tries to leave, the reflective lining from the inner
glass reflects it straight back in again. The heat has no way out of a “perfect” vacuum flask and
the tea will be stored hot for several hours. The vacuum flask also works for cold drinks.

Sir John Dewar studied how gases could be turned into liquids. Liquid oxygen has a boiling
point of -182.9° C. When the liquid oxygen was made it needed to be stored in a container that
would prevent heat from the surroundings entering and causing the liquid to boil. In 1892,
Dewar invented a flask called a Dewar flask that allowed him to keep the liquid oxygen cool for
his experiments. The Dewar flask is now widely known as the thermos flask and is mainly used
to keep drinks hot.

A thermos flask or a vacuum flask is used to keep a hot liquid hot and a cold liquid cold for a
long time, by preventing the loss or gain of heat energy due to conduction, convection and
radiation.

The thermos flask consists of a double-walled glass vessel resting on a cork inside a metal or
plastic case. The outer surface of its inner wall and the inner surface of its outer wall are
silvered. This prevents heat transfer due to radiation. The space between the two walls is
separated by vacuum and the walls are sealed at the top. The double-walled glass vessel and
vacuum prevents heat loss by conduction. The insulating stopper or cork at the top minimises
heat loss by convection and evaporation in the air above the surface of the liquid.