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Q.1) Which of the following are represented in a a) 1 only

population pyramid?
b) 1 and 3 only
1. Age group of population
c) 1, 2 and 3
2. Population size
d) 2 and 3 only
3. Female population Q.5) Which of the following statements best
Select the correct answer using the code given describe crude birth rate (CBR)?
below.
a) Absolute number of children born over aperiod
a) 1 and 2 only
of time.
b) 2 only
b) Estimated number of live births in acountry in a
c) 1,2 and 3
month.
d) 2 and 3 only
c) Number of live births in which deliverywas not
institutional.
Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding d) Number of live births in a year perthousand of
the irrigation pattern in India: population.
1. Canal irrigation is widespread in southern India.

2. Deccan plateau has predominance of tank Q.6) Which of the following economic activities are
irrigation undertaken extensively in Steppe type of grasslands?
Which of the statements given above is/are
1. Nomadic herding
correct?
2. Pastoral farming
a) 1 only 3. Mechanized wheat cultivation
b) 2 only Select the correct answer using the code given
c) Both 1 and 2 below.
d) Neither 1 nor 2
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1,2 and 3
Q.3) Consider the following statements: c) 2 and 3
1. Physiological density refers to the ratio of total d) 1 and 3
agricultural population and net cultivated area.
2. Agricultural density is the ratio of total population
Q.7) Which of the following best describe sthe
and net cultivated area.
Warabandi system?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only a) It is a system of soil conservation bycreation of
b) 2 only small check dams.
c) Both 1 and 2 b) It is a method of grass cultivation in theregions
d) Neither 1 nor 2 of soil erosion.
c) It is a system of creation of bunds todirect the
Q.4) Consider the following pairs regarding agricultural runoff.
phases of population growth in India: d) It is a system of equitable distribution ofwater
Period Phase in the canal irrigation regions.
1. 1901-21 : Stationary phase of growth
2. 1921-51 : Steady population growth Q.8) Consider the following statement regarding the
wheat cultivation in India.
3. 1951-81 : Population Explosion
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly 1. It is cultivated in Rabi season in India.
matched?
2. It is primarily a crop of tropical zone.
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3. It increases the natural fertility of soil through beginning after harvesting of Rabi crops.
nitrogen fixation. Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
correct? a) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only
c) 1 only d) 1,2 and 3
d) 1 and 3 only
Q.12) Which of the following activity/activities

Q.9) The development of inland waterways is can be classified as “primary activities”?
dependent on which among the following factors?
1. Forestry
1. Depth of channel 2. Mining and quarrying
2. Transport technology in use 3. Food processing
3. Continuity in water flow Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
Select the correct answer using the codegiven a) 1 and 3 only
below. b) 2 only
a) 1and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
Q.13) with reference to Dedicated Freight
c) 1,2 and 3 Corridor, consider the following statement.
d) 2 and 3 only
1. NITI AYOG has formulated the construction of
Q.10) Who among the following form part of the the Dedicated Freight corridor in 2015.
working population of India?
2. Under the scheme, Eastern Dedicated Freight
1. 14 year old girl Corridor passes through Ludhiana to
Vishakhapatnam
2. 60 year old man Which of the statements given above is/are
3. 21 year old girl correct?
4. 16 year old boy a) 1 only

b) 2 only
Select the correct answer using the codegiven
below. c) Both 1 and 2
a) 2 and 3 only d) Neither 1 nor 2

Q.14) A near constant population growth is reflected
b) 1,3 and 4 only by which of the following types of population
pyramid?
c) 2,3 and 4only
a) Triangular shaped with a wide base
d) 3 and4 only b) Bell shaped and tapered towards the top
c) Narrow base and a tapered top
Q.11) Consider the following statements with d) None of the above
regard to cropping seasons in India:
Q.15) The term Conurbation refers to
1. Kharif season in India largely coincides with
northeast Monsoon. a) A large area of urban development that resulted
2. The Rabi season begins with the onset of winter. from the merging of originally separate towns or
3. Zaid is a short duration summer cropping season cities.


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b) A city with a population less than a million. Q.19) With reference to the hamleted settlements
c) Re-ruralization of urban areas. in India, consider the following statements:
d) A large area of urban development that resulted
from the split of a large town. 1. They are fragmented into several units
physically separated from each other.
Q.16) Negative growth rate of population can be 2. They are found in lower Ganga plain.
caused by:
3. They are locally called as panna, para and palli.
1. Higher death rate than the birth rate Which of the statements given above is/are
2. Emigration of people correct?
a) 1 and 3 only
below.
b) 2 and 3 only
a) 1 only
c) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) 1,2 and 3
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.20) Which of the following is/are characteristics

Q.17) Consider the following land use categories in of mixed farming?
India:
1. Crop cultivation and animal husbandry
1. Culturable waste land 2. High capital expenditure
2. Current Fallow
3. Extensive use of chemical fertilizers
3. Net area sown
Which of the above categories have increased as a below.
percentage of total land after Independence?
a) 1 and 3 only
a) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3
d) 1,2and 3
Q.21) Which of the following is the correct
Q.18) Consider the following pairs:
arrangement of the sources of irrigation in the
National Waterways Location decreasing order of their total area covered?
1. NW 5 : Delta River
a) Tube wells and other wells > Canals >Tanks
systems of Mahanadi & Brahmani
b) Tube wells and other wells > Tanks >Canals
2. NW 3 : West Canal Coast c) Canals > Tanks > Tube wells and otherwells
3. NW 1 : Sadia to Dhubri d) Canals > Tube wells and other wells >Tanks
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
matched? Q.22) Which of the following is/are the
a) 1, 2and 3 characteristics of the Indian coal?
b) 2 and 3 only 1. Low ash content
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1 and 3 only 2. high sulphur content
3. high calorific value


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Select the correct answer using the code given 4. Mean years of schooling
below.
Select the correct answer using the code given
a) 1 and 2 only below.
b) 2 and 3 only a) 1,2 and 3 only

c) 1 and 3 only b) 2,3 and 4 only
d) None of the above c) 1,2 and 4 only
d) 1 and 2 only
Q.23) Which of the following are approaches to
measure human development? Q.26) “Aus”, “aman”, “boro” are the
1. Income approach
a) Different varieties of wheat in Assam.
2. Welfare approach b) Local winds in North India.
3. Capability approach c) Harvest festivals in the state of Punjab.
4. Basic need approach d) Three crops of rice grown in different seasons in
Select the correct answer using the code given West Bengal.
below.
a) 1 and 4 only Q.27) Consider the following pairs:

b) 1,3 and 4 only
Crops Cropping Season
c) 1,2,3 and 4
1. Cotton : Kharif
d) 1,2 and 3 only 2. Watermelon : Zaid
3. Mustard : Rabi
Q.24) Consider the following statements with
regards to inputs used during Green Revolution in Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
India: matched?
1. The High yielding varieties (HYVs) seeds that
a) 1, 2 and 3
were used could grow easily in dry lands.
2. Organic fertilizers were widely used. b) 2 only
3. It made the country self-reliant in food grain c) 1 and 3 only
production. d) 2 and 3 only
correct? Q.28) The Indira Gandhi canal project launched in
1958 is one of the largest canal systems in India. This
a) 1,2 and 3 canal originates at:
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only a) Pandoh dam
d) 3 only
b) Harike barrage
c) Maharana Pratap Sagar dam
Q.25) Human Development Index (HDI) combines
which of the following dimensions? d) Farakka barrage
1. Life expectancy at birth

Q.29) With reference to National Highways Authority
2. Gross National Income (GNI) per capita
of India, consider the following statements:
3. Total fertility rate
1. It is under the Ministry of Road Transport and


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Highways. Which of the statements given aboveis/are

2. It is the apex body to improve the quality of correct?
National Highways in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only
b) 2 only
a) 1 only c) Both 1 and 2
b) 2 only d) Neither 1 nor 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
respect to literacy in India (2011 census)?
Q.30) Consider the following statements about
Watershed Management: 1. Any person who can read and write with
understanding in any language is considered as
1. It involves building up storage and recharge literate in India.
structures. 2. Female literacy in India is more than70%.
2. 2. Community participation is an important 3. Jharkhand records the lowest literacy rate in
component of Watershed Management. India.
3. 3. It includes the efficient management and Which of the statements given above is/are
conservation of both surface water and ground correct?
water. a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above is/are b) 1 and 3 only
correct? c) 2 and 3 only
a) 1 and 2 only d) None of the above
b) 2 and 3only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3 Q.34) Which amongst the following defines the
metropolitan city as per the census of India?
Q.31) With reference to Census 2011, consider the a) Cities with more than 75% of thepopulation
following statements: engaged in primary sector.
b) Cities accommodating population sizemore
1. A marginal worker is a person who works for than five million.
more than seven months but less than nine c) Cities accommodating population size
months in a year. between one to five million.
2. More than fifty per cent of the workers in India d) Cities with population density of 500persons
are marginal workers. per sq km.
correct? Q.35) Which of the following ports are inland
pots?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only 1. Kolkata
c) Both 1 and 2 2. Kandla
d) Neither 1 nor 2 3. Paradeep
4. Dhubri port
Q.32) Consider the following statements regarding Select the correct answer using the code given
dryland Farming: below.
1. 1. It is largely confined to the regions having a) 1 and 2 only

annual rainfall less than 100 cm b) 2, 3 and 4 only
2. The main crops grown in the dry farming c) 1 and 3 only
areas are millets and wheat and rice.
d) 1 and 4 only


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Q.36) Consider the following statements regarding Nuclear Power plant

cultivation of mustard crop in India: Locati
on
1. It is a subtropical crop cultivated during kharif season
in north-western and central parts of India. 1. Kakarapara : Tamil Nadu
2. It is a frost sensitive crop.
2. Kalpakkam : Karnataka
3. Rajasthan is the largest producer of mustard in
India. 3. Narora : Uttar Pradesh
Which of the statements given above is/arecorrect? Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly
matched?
a) 1 and 2 only
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1,2 and 3
c) 2 and 3 only b) 3 only
d) 1and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only

d) 2 and 3 only
Q.37) Which among the following factors is/are

responsible for land degradation in irrigated areas in Q.40) Consider the following statements
India? regarding footloose industries:
1. Monocropping 1. Footloose industries are those industries

2. Excessive use of pesticides which enjoy relatively free choice of location.
3. Waterlogging 2. The cotton industry is an example of a
footloose industry.
Select the correct answer using the code given Which of the statement given above is/are
below. correct?
a) 1 and 3 only a) 1 only
b) 1,2 and 3 b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3 only d) Neither 1 nor 2
d) 1 and 2 only
Q.41) Which of the following bases were used in the

Q.38) Which of the following ports are on the enumeration of migration in Census 2011?
eastern coast of India?
1. Place of residence
1. Kandla 2. Rail Traffic Data
2. Nagapattinam 3. Place of birth
3. Paradeep Select the correct answer using the codegiven
4. Kakinada below.
Select the correct answer from the code given a) 1,2 and 3
below. b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
a) 1,2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 2,3 and 4 only
d) 1,3 and 4 only Q.42) Which of the following is/are the benefits of
rainwater harvesting methods?
1. It checks salt water intrusion.



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2. It leads to rise of ground water table. Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
3. 3. It improves the quality of ground water
through dilution of contaminants. a) 2,3 and 4 only
Select the correct answer using the code given b) 1,2 and 3 only
below. c) 2 and 3 only
a) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 2 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 1,2 and 3 Q.46) In the context of human development,
d) 1 and 2 only consider the following statements:
1. 1. Increase in the per capita gross domestic

Q.43) Which of the following criteria is/are used in India Product (GDP) necessarily result in poverty
to define 'Urban area/settlements'? reduction.
2. According to 2011 Census, states with higher
1. 1 Minimum population of 10,000 persons per capita income have recorded higher child
2. Population density of at least 1000 persons per sex ratio.
square kilometer. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
3. Presence of municipality, corporation,
b) 2 only
cantonment board or notified town area
c) Both 1 and 2
committee.
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
a) 1 and 3 only
b) 3 only Q.47) Which of the following statements best
c) 2 and 3 only describes Crop intensity?
d) 1 and 2 only a) It refers to raising of a number of crops from the
same field during one agriculture year.
b) It refers to increasing net sown area toincrease
Q.44) Consider the following statements regarding overall production of grains.
the Sugarcane crop in India: c) It refers to reserving an area of arable land for a
1. India is the second largest producer of Sugarcane particular crop.
in the world. d) It refers to using high amount of fertilizers to
2. Yield of Sugarcane crop is higher in southern India increase production of a particular crop.
as compared to northern India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Q.48) Consider the following pairs:
a) 1 only Canal Associated region
b) 2 only 1. Malaprabha Canal :
c) Both 1 and 2 Tamilnadu
d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Sharda Canal : Madhya Pradesh
3. Sirhind Canal : Uttar
Q.45) As per the classification of industries by Pradesh
output which of the following are basic industries? Which of the pairs given above is/arecorrectly
1. Copper refining matched?
a) 1 and 2 only
2. Iron and steel industry b) 2 and 3 only
3. Mobile manufacturing c) 1 and 3 only
d) None of the above
4. Food processing


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Q.49) Consider the following cities of India b) 2 only

1. Lucknow c) Both 1 and 2
2. Jabalpur
d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. Nasik
4. Koraput Q.53) Arrange the following ports from north to
Which of the above- m e n t i o n e d cities are well south:
known for aircraft industry? 1. Paradeep
a) 1,2 and 4 2. Tutikorin
b) 2,3 and 4 3. Ennore
c) 3 and 4
4. Vishakhapatnam
d) 1,3 and 4
a) 1-3-4-2
b) 1-3-2-4
Q.50) Which among the following types of rural
settlement develops where several roads converge? c) 4-1-3-2
a) Linear Pattern d) 1-4-3-2

b) Star like Pattern
c) Circular Pattern Q.54) Which of the following cities are famous
industrial centers for leather and leather products, in
d) None of the above India?
Q.51) With reference to Bauxite, consider the 1. Agra
following statements:
2. Kanpur
1. Bauxite is mainly concentrated in the tropical
3. Kolkata
regions of the world.
2. Extraction of aluminum from bauxite largely 4. Ranipet
depends on availability of electricity.
Which of the statements given above is/are below.
correct?
a) 1and 2 only
a) 1 only
b) 1,2 and 3 only
b) 2 only
c) 1,2 and 4 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) 1,2,3 and 4
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.55) Which one of the following is not a plantation

Q.52) With reference to National Infrastrucre crop?
Pipeline, consider the following statements: a) Oil Palm
1. It is an infrastructure project launched by Govt. b) Sugarcane
of India, exclusive for road construction.
c) Wheat
2. It is under the Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways. d) Bananas
Q.56) Pipelines are used for transportation of
correct?
which of the following?
a) 1 only 1. Petroleum

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2. Water Q.59) Consider the following statements:
3. Natural gas 1. The maximum percentage of groundwater in India

is utilized by the agriculture sector.
4. Liquefied coal
2. 2. The maximum percentage of surface water in
5. Milk India is utilized by the industrial sector.
Select the correct answer using the code given correct?
below.
a) 1 only
a) 1, 3 and 4 only b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only d) Neither 1 nor 2
c) 1,2,3,4 and 5
Q.60) with reference to rain-fed agriculture in India
d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only consider the following statement:
1. rain-fed agriculture accounts for more than 50
Q.57) Arrange the following nuclear power plant of percent of rice production.
India from north to south: 2. More than 70 percent of the gross cropped area
is under rain-fed farming.
1. Kaiga
3. rain-fed account for more than 80 percent of
2. Kakrapara millet and pulse production.
3. Rawatbhata correct?
a) 1 and 2 only
4. Narora
b) 2 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code given c) 3 only
below. d) 1 and 3 only
a) 4-2-3-1 Q.61) Which of the following statements are

correct regarding the Direct Seeding of Rice (DSR)
b) 4-3-2-1 technique?
c) 3-2-4-1 1. It is a process of establishing a rice crop from
seeds sown in field rather than by transplanting
d) 2-3-4-1
seedlings from nursery.
2. It causes saving irrigation water.

Q.58) Which of the following statements with
3. It Reduces emission of greenhouse-gases.
reference to population growth is/are correct?
1. For a given period, growth rate of apopulation is below.
calculated as the difference between the
a) 1 and 2 only
number of births and deaths.
2. Natural Growth of population accounts for in as b) 1 only
well as out migration from a specified region.
Select the correct answer using the code given c) 1 and 3 only
below.
a) 1 only d) 1,2 and 3
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.62) Which of the following i s / are identified
shale gas basins for exploration?


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1. K-G Basin Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
2. Cambay
3. Indo Gangatic basin a) 1,2and 3
4. Indus River Basin b) 1 and 2 only
Select the correct answer using the codegiven c) 2 and 3 only

below. d) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 1,2 and 4 only Q.66) Consider the following statements:
c) 1,2 and 3 only 1. The area under cotton cultivation is more than
d) 1,2,3 and 4 10 percentage of total cropped area of the
country.
Q.63) Consider the following statements: 2. The area under rice cultivation is the highest.
3. Oilseeds predominantly produced in dry region
1. Metallic minerals are found extensively in of India.
areas with strong tectonic activity. Which of the statements given above is/are
2. Fossil fuels are found in abundance in correct?
rocks formed by deposition.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1, 2 and 3
a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only
b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2 d) 1 and 2 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.67) Which among the following road categories

Q.64) Consider the following statements about the has the highest percentage of total road length in
Human Development Index: India?
1. It is issued every year by the UNDP a) National Highways

2. It is calculated as a geometric mean of Health, b) Rural Roads
Education & Standard of Living Indicators.
c) State Highways
3. India is placed high in Human Development Index
in 2019. d) District Roads
correct?
Q.68) with reference to national waterways 1
a) 2 only
consider the following statement:
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 2 only 1. National waterways 1 runs across the Ganges,
d) 1,2 and 3 Bhagirathi, Hooghly and Brahmaputra river
system.
2. National waterways 1 passes through states of
quinary Activities:
Bihar, Jharkhand west Bengal and Assam.
1. 1. The highest level of decision-makers or Which of the statements given above is/are
policymakers performs quinary activities. correct?
2. Often referred to as ‘gold collar’ professions.
a) 1 only
3. Banking and Legal Advisory are prime examples
b) 2 only
of quinary activities.
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2


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c) 7
d) 5
Q.69) uranium deposit is found in India in which if
the mineral belt? Q.73) Which among the following factors affect
the location of rural settlements?
1. Chotanagpur basin
1. Fertile Land
2. Shilong basin
2. Water supply
3. Chattisgarh basin
4. Cudaappah basin 3. Building Material
Select the correct answer using the code given 4. Defense
below. Select the correct answer using the code given
a) 1 and 4 only below.
b) 1,3 and 4 only a) 1,2 and 3 only
c) 1,2 and 3 only b) 1,2 and 4 only
d) 1,2, 3and 4
c) 1 and 2 only
d) 1,2,3 and 4
Q.70) Which of the following statements is/are
correct regarding the Gondawana rock system?
1. More than 90% of the Indian coal reserves are sedimentary basins in India:
found in these rocks
2. Anthracite is prominently found in Gondwana 1. In India they are located both on land and
coal fields. offshore.
Select the correct answer using the code given 2. They are an important source of oil,natural gas,
below. and petroleum.
a) 1 only Which of the statements given above is/are
b) 2 only correct?
c) Both 1 and 2 a) 1 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2 b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.71) with reference to national highways,
consider the following statement:
1. NH 1 passes through shimla, Srinagar, Kargil
and Leh. Region Industry
2. NH 1 passes near India-Pakistan border. 1. Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region : Heavy
Select the correct answer using the codegiven MetallurgicalIndustries
below. 2. Hugli Industrial region : Cotton
Textile industries
a) 1 only
3. Chotanagpur industrial region : Jute Industry
b) 2 only
Which of the pairs given above is/are correct?
c) Both 1 and 2
a) 1 only
d) Neither 1 nor 2
b) 1 and 2only
Q.72) If you travel by road from Leh to Goa what is c) 2 and 3 only
the minimum number of States within India through d) None of the above
which you can travel, including the origin and the
destination?
Q.76) With reference to various approaches to
a) 6 Human Development, consider the following
b) 8 statements:


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1. The welfare approach assumes the level of 1. Our Common Future

freedom enjoyed by a person to be linked to his 2. Limits to Growth
income. 3. Agenda-21 report of Rio Conference
2. The basic needs approach developed by ILO, Select the correct answer using the codegiven
identifies four basic needs of an individual. below.
3. The capability approach given Mahboob ul haq,
Lays emphasis on development of health and a) 1-2-3
education. b) 2-3-1
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? c) 2-1-3
d) 1-3-2
a) 2 only
b) 1 and 2 only Q.80) Which of the following varieties of silk accounts
c) 1 and 3 only for majority of the total natural silk produced in India?
d) 1, 2and 3 a) Mulberry
b) Eri
c) Tasar
Q.77) Which of the following is/are the
d) Muga
problems faced by the Jute industry in India?
Q.81) The Diamond Quadrilateral project of the
1. Inadequate supply of raw materials.
Indian Railways aims to connect which of the
2. Obsolete machinery
following cities?
3. Competition from substitutes
Select the correct answer using the code given 1. Delhi
below. 2. Kolkata
a) 1 and 2 only 3. Bengaluru
b) 2 and 3 only
4. Mumbai
c) 1,2 and 3
d) 1 and 3 only below.
a) 1, 2,3 and 4
Q.78) Coal reserves in India occur in which of the b) 1,2 and 4 only
following river valleys? c) 1,3 and 4 only
1. Godavari d) 1 and 4 only
2. Mahanadi Q.82) Consider the following statements regarding

3. Damodar shale Gas:
4. Son 1. It is formed during the transformation of material
into coal and remains within the coal itself.
Select the correct answer using the code given 2. The largest shale gas reserves are estimated to be
below in India.
a) 1 and 3 only Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
b) 3 and 4 only a) 1 only

b) 2 only
c) 2 and 3 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) 1,2,3 and 4 d) Neither 1 nor 2
Q.79) Arrange the following events towards the Q.83) Which of the following are the characteristic
effort to sustainable development in feature of plantation agriculture?
chronological order:


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1. Single crop specialisation Railway Zones Headquarters

2. Cheap labour 1. South Eastern : Chennai
3. Scientific methods of cultivation 2. North eastern : Allahabad
Select the correct answer using the code given 3. South Western :
below. Secunrabad
a) 1 only Which of the pairs given above is/are

correctly matched?
b) 1 and 3 only
a) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
b) 1 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3
c) 2 and 3 only
d) None of the above
reference to the distribution of nuclear fuels:
1. Thorium is more commonly found than Uranium Q.87) Clustered Settlements can be found
in the Earth's crust. in which of the following regions?
2. In India, most of the Thorium depositsare found
a) Fertile alluvial Plains
in Dharwar rocks.
Which of the statements given above is/are b) Arid regions
correct?
c) Remote forested areas
a) 1 only d) Hilly terrain
b) 2only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q.88) Which of the following are metallic
minerals?
Q.85) In context of India, which of the following 1. Graphite
parameters is/are used while calculating literacy 2. Copper
rate?
3. Limestone
1. The ability to both read and write with
4. Bauxite
understanding in any language
2. Persons who have completed primary schooling Select the correct answer using the code given
3. Persons aged 7 years and above below.
a) 1, 2 and 4 only
below.
b) 2, 3 and 4 only
a) 1 and 2 only
c) 2 and 4 only
b) 1 and 3 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3
d) 2 and 3 only Q.89) Consider the following statements regarding

Iron and Steel Industries:
1. All the raw materials used in the iron and steel

Q.86) Consider the following pairs: industry are non-weight losing raw materials.
2. In India, all steel plants are located near the sites


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of raw material. b) 1nad 2 only

c) 1 and 3 only
correct?
d) 2 and 3 only
a) 1 only
b) 2 only Q.93) which of the following are the locations of
c) Both 1 and 2 the strategic petroleum reserve in India?
d) Neither 1 nor 2
1. Chennai
Q.90) Petroleum refinery is located in which of the 2. Mangalore
following cities?
3. Puduchery
1. Mathura
4. Vishakhapatnam
2. Haldia
Select the correct answer using the code
3. Nagapattanam given below.
4. Mangalore
a) 1,2 and 3 only
Select the correct answer using the code given b) 2,3 and 4 only
below.
c) 2 and 4 only
a) 1 and 2 only
d) 1,2,3 and 4
b) 1,2 and 4 only
c) 2,3 and 4 only
d) 1,2,3, and 4
Q.91) Which of the following languages are part of

Austric family of Indian languages?
1. Khasi
2. Nicobari
3. Mundari
Select the correct answer using code given below.
a) 1 only
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 2 and 3 only
d) 1,2 and 3
Q.92) Which among the following are the major

determinants of density of roads in India?
1. Nature of terrain
2. Population
3. Level of economic development
Select the correct answer using the code
given below.
a) 1,2 and 3


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Q.1)
Ans: c
Exp:
• Point 1 is correct: A population pyramid is used

to show the age-sex structure of the population
i.e. the age-sex structure of apopulation refers
to the number of females and males in
different age groups.
• Point 2 is correct: Horizontal axis is used to
represent the population size.
• Point 3 is correct: The left side shows the
percentage of males while the right side
shows the percentage of women in each age
group.
Q.3)
Ans: d
Exp:
• Statement 1 is not correct: The density of

population is a crude measure of human and
land relationship. To get a better insight into
the human-land ratio in terms of pressure of
population on total cultivable land, the
physiological and the agricultural densities are
found out which are significant for a country
like India having a large agricultural
population. Physiological density refers to the
ratio of total population and net cultivated
area.
• Statement 2 is not correct: Agricultural density is
Q.2) the ratio of total agricultural population and net
cultivated area.
Ans: b
Exp: Q.4)
• Statement 1 is not correct: northern India has a Ans: c

widespread use of Canal irrigation.
Exp:
• Statement 2 is correct: Deccan plateau has
predominance of tank irrigation. All the pairs are correctly matched
There are distinct phases of growth rate of population

in India caused by annual birth rate and death rate
and rate of migration showing different trends:


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• Phase I : The period from 1901-1921 is referred CBR = (number of births) x 1000 / estimated
to as a period of stagnant or stationary phase population at mid-year.
of growth of India’s population, since in this
period growth rate was very low, even
recording a negative growth rate during 1911-
Q.6)
1921. Both the birth rate and death rate were
high keeping the rate of increase low. Poor Ans: c
health and medical services, illiteracy of people
Exp:
at large and inefficient distribution system of
food and other basic necessities were largely The economic activities in Steppe type of grassland
responsible for a high birth and death rates in can be explained as below:
this period. • Point 1 is not correct: Nomadic herding: This type
• Phase II: The decades 1921-1951 are referred of migratory animal grazing has almost
to as the period of steady population growth. disappeared from major grasslands.
An overall improvement in health and • Point 2 is correct: Pastoral farming: With the
sanitation throughout the country brought development of refrigerated ships the
down the mortality rate. At the same time temperate grasslands became majorpastoral
better transport and communication system regions.
improved distribution system. • Point 3 is correct: Extensive mechanised
• Phase III: The decades 1951-1981 are referred wheat cultivation: Temperate grasslands
to as the period of population explosion in are ideal for extensive wheat cultivation
India, which was caused by a rapid fall in the
mortality rate but a high fertility rate of Q.7)
population in the country. The average annual
growth rate was as high as 2.2 per cent. It is Ans: d
in this period, after the Independence, that
developmental activities were introduced Exp:
through a centralized planning process and
Option d is correct
economy started showing up ensuring the
improvement of living condition of people at Warabandi system of water distribution is
large. followed for canal irrigation system at many parts
• Phase IV: In the post 1981 till present, the of India. It is observed that tail end fields receive
growth rate of country’s population though less amount of water compared to fields situated at
remained high, has started slowing down or near the head ofwater courses. This is because
gradually. A downward trend of crude birth of seepage losses in unlined water courses.
rate is held responsible for such a population Warabandi is a rotational method for equitable
growth. This was, in turn, affected by an distribution of the available water in an irrigation
increase in the mean age at marriage, improved system by turns fixed according to a predetermined
quality of life particularly education of females schedule specifying year, day, time and duration of
in the country. supply to each irrigator in proportion to the size of
his landholding.
Q.5)
Ans: d Q.8)
Exp: Ans: c
Exp:
Option d is correct
• Statement 1 is correct: its cultivation in India is
The crude birth rate (CBR) is expressed as number of done during winter i.e. Rabi season.
live births in a year per thousand of population. • Statement 2 is not correct: Wheat is primarily a
crop of temperate zone.

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• Being a Rabi crop, it is mostly grown under • Statement 1 is not correct. The kharif season
irrigated conditions. But it is a rainfed crop in largely coincides with Southwest Monsoon
Himalayan highlands and parts of Malwa plateau under which the tropical crops are cultivated.
in Madhya Pradesh. • Statement 2 is correct: The Rabi season begins
• Statement 3 is not correct: Pulses, the with the onset of winter in October-November
leguminous crops increase the natural fertility and ends in March-April. The low temperature
of soils through nitrogen fixation and not the conditions during this season facilitate the
wheat. cultivation of temperate and subtropical
crops.
• Statement 3 is correct: Zaid is a short duration
Q.9) summer cropping season beginning after
harvesting of Rabi crops.
Ans: c
Exp:
Q.12)
The development of inland waterways is dependent
Ans: d
on:
Exp:
• The navigability width and depth of the channel,
Point 1 and 2 are correct: Human activities which
• Continuity in the water flow, and
generate income are known as economic activities.
• Transport technology in use. Economic activities are broadly grouped into
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
Inland waterways are a major source of transport
activities. Primary activities are directly dependent
wherever the river is wide, deep and free of silt.
on environment as these refer to utilisation of
earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation,
building materials and minerals. It, thus includes,
Q.10) hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing,
forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.
Ans: d
Point 3 is not correct: Food processing is a part of
Exp: secondary activities.
• The working population (i.e. women and men
of the age group – 15 to 59) take part in various
occupations ranging from agriculture, forestry, Q.13)
fishing, manufacturing construction,
commercial transport,services, communication Ans: d
and other unclassified services.
Exp:
• A large size of population in the age group of •
Statement 1 is not correct: Under the
15-59 indicates a large working population.
Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (2007–12), the
Ministry of Railways started constructing a new
Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) in two long
Q.11) routes, namely the Eastern and Western freight
corridors.
Ans: b
• Statement 2 is not correct: The two routes
Exp: cover a total length of 3,360 kilometers
(2,090 mi), with the Eastern Dedicated Freight
• There are three distinct crop seasons in the Corridor stretching
northern and interior parts of country, namely from Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni in West
kharif, rabi and zaid. Bengal and the Western Dedicated Freight

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Corridor from Jawaharlal Nehru

Port in Mumbai (Maharashtra)
to Dadri in Uttar Pradesh. Upgrading of
transportation technology, increase in
productivity and reduction in unit
transportation cost are the focus areas for the
project
Q.15)
Ans: a
Exp:
Option a is correct
• The term conurbation was coined by Patrick

Geddes in 1915 and applied to a large area of
urban development that resulted from the
merging of originally separate towns or cities.
Greater London, Manchester, Chicago and Tokyo
are examples.
• In India cotext, The National Capital Region (NCR)
is a name for the coordinated planning region
which encompasses the entire National Capital
Territory of Delhi as well as several surrounding
districts in the neighbouring states of Uttar
Q.14) Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. However, since
Ans: b not all of the aforementioned areas are completely
Exp: urban, the Delhi conurbation is actually limited to
the NCT of Delhi and the neighbouring contiguous
• Option b is correct: Age-sex pyramid which is urban areas
bell shaped and tapered towards the top, comprising Gurgaon, Faridabad, Noida,
shows birth and death rates are almost equal and Ghaziabad lying in "Central National Capital
leading to a near constant population. Region (CNCR)", a small part of overall NCR.
• Option a is not correct: Triangular shaped

pyramid with a wide base and is typical of Q.16)
less developed countries and reflects that Ans: c
these have larger populations in lower age
Exp:
groups due to high birth rates.
• Option c is not correct: Pyramid with Narrow • If the population decreases between two points
base and a tapered top shows low birth and of time it is known as negative growth of
population.
death rates.


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• Point 1 is correct: It occurs when the birth rate

falls below the death rate.
• Point 2 is correct: people migrate to other
countries causes negative growth rate.
Migrants who move out of a place are called
emigrants and the process is called emigration.
Q.17)
Ans: a
Exp:
Point 1 is not correct: Culturable waste land has

decreased as percentage of total land after
independence.
Q.19)
Ans: d
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: Hamleted Settlements

Point 2 and 3 are correct: Current Fallow and Net are often fragmented into several units
area sown has increased over the period. physically separated from each other bearing a
common name in various parts of the country.
This segmentation of a large village is often
Q.18) motivated by social and ethnic factors.
• Statement 2 is correct: Such villages are more
Ans: c frequently found in the middle and lower Ganga
Exp: plain, Chhattisgarh and lower valleys of the
• pair 1 is correctly matched: NW 5----Delta River Himalayas.
systems of Mahanadi & Brahmani. • Statement 3 is correct: These units are locally
• Pair 2 is correctly matched: NW 3----West Canal called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani, etc.
Coast.
• Pair 3 is not correctly matched: NW 1----Haldia to
Allahabad.
Q.20)
Ans: d
Exp:
• Mixed farms are moderate in size and usually the

crops associated with it are wheat, barley, oats,
rye, maize, fodder androot crops. Fodder crops
are an important component of mixed farming.
Crop rotation and intercropping play an
important role in maintaining soil fertility.
• Point 1 is correct: Equal emphasis is laid on


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crop cultivation and animal husbandry. of income, the higher is the level of human
Animals like cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry development
provide the main income along with crops. • Welfare Approach looks at human beings as
• Point 2 is correct: Mixed farming is beneficiaries or targets of all development
characterised by high capital expenditure on activities. The approach argues for higher
farm machinery and building and also by the government expenditure on education, health,
skill and expertise of the farmers. social secondary and amenities. The
• Point 3 is correct: extensive use of chemical government is responsible for increasing levels
fertilisers and green manures used in mixed of human development by maximizing
farming. expenditure onwelfare.
• Basic Needs Approach identifies six basic
needs i.e.: health, education, food, water
Q.21) supply, sanitation, and housing. The question
Ans: a of human choices is ignored and the
emphasis is on the provision of basicneeds of
Exp:
defined sections.
Option a is correct: • According to Capability Approach, building
human capabilities in the areas of health,
Sources of irrigation (2011-2012) education and access to resources is the key to
increasing human development.
• Tube wells and other wells: 61.58%
• Canals: 24.54%
• Other sources of Irrigation: 10.91%
• Tanks: 2.97% Q.24)
Ans: d
Tube wells and other wells > Canals >Tanks
Exp:
Q.22) • Statement 1 is not correct: Assured supply of soil

moisture through irrigation was a basic pre-
Ans: d requisite for the success of this new agricultural
Exp: technology of green revolution.
• Statement 2 is not correct: New seed varieties of
• All the points are incorrect. wheat (Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as
• Indian coal has high ash content and low high yielding varieties (HYVs) were available for
calorific value. cultivation by mid-1960s. India took advantage
of this and introduced package technology
• It has low sulphur content and lowphosphorus comprising HYVs, along with chemical fertilizers.
content but high ash fusion temperature. • Statement 3 is correct: This strategy of
agricultural development paid dividends
instantly and increased the food grains
Q.23) productionat very fast rate. It made the country
Ans: c self-reliant in food grain production.
Exp:
Q.25)
Various Approaches to Human Development are-
Income approach, Welfare approach, basic needs Ans: c
Approach and capability Approach.
Exp:
• In Income approach human development is
seen as being linked to income. Higher the level Economist Dr Mahbub-ul-Haq created the Human
Development Index in 1990. According to him,


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development is all about enlarging people’s choices

in order to lead long, healthy lives with dignity. The
United Nations Development Programme has used
his concept of human development to publish the
Human Development Report annually since 1990.
The human development index (HDI) ranks the

countries based on their performance in the key
areas of health, education and access to resources.
These rankings are based on a score between 0 to
1 that a country earns from its record in the key
areas of human development.
Q.28)
From 2010 onwards the Human Development Index
(HDI) combines three dimensions: Ans: b
• A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth Exp:

• Education Index- Mean years of schooling and
Expected years of schooling Option b is correct:
• A decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP
Indira Gandhi canal is one of the largest canal systems
US$)
in India. The canal originates at harike barrage in
Punjab and run parallel to Pakistan border at an
Q.26) average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert.
Ans: d
Exp:
Option d is correct.
• Rice is a staple food for the overwhelming

majority of population in India. Though, it is
considered to bea crop of tropical humid areas, it
has about 3,000 varieties which are grown in
different agro-climatic regions.
• In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice
called 'aus', ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.
Q.27)
Ans: b
Exp:
• Pair 1 and 3 is not correctly matched:

rabi crop: wheat, gram,rapseeds,musrard and barley
Kharif crops: rice,cotton,bajra,maize,jowar,tur etc.
• Pair 3 is correctly matched: Q.29)

Zaid: vegetables, fruits and fodder.
Ans: c


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Exp: of large number of unemployed or

underemployed people.
• Statement 1 is correct: The national highway
authority of India (NHAI) was operationalised in
1995. It is an autonomous body under the Ministry Q.32)
of Road Transport & Highways.
• Statement 2 is correct: It is entrusted with the Ans: d
responsibility of development, maintenance and Exp:
operation of National Highways. This is also the
apex body to improve the quality of roads • Statement 1 is not correct: Dryland Farming is
designated as National Highways. largely confined to the regions having annual
rainfall less than 75 cms.
• Statement 2 is not correct: These regions
Q.30)
grow hardy and drought resistant crops such
Ans: d as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar (fodder
Exp: crops) and practice various measures of soil
• Statement 1 is correct: It involves the prevention moisture conservation and rain water
of runoff and storage and recharge of harvesting.
groundwater through various methods like
percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc.
Q.33)
• Statement 2 is correct: Watershed management
basically refers to efficient management and Ans: d
conservation of surface and groundwater Exp:
resources. • Statement 1 is not correct: As per Census, a
• Statement 3 is correct: The success of watershed person aged seven and above who can both
development largely depends upon community read and write with understanding in any
participation. Watershed management aims at language, is treated as literate. A person, who
bringing about a balance between natural can only read but cannot write, is not literate.
resources on the one hand and society on the A literate person should be above seven years
other. of age.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The literacy rate
Q.31) in the country is 74.04 per cent, 82.14% for
males and 65.46% for females. Hence less
Ans: d
than two thirds of women are literate. There
Exp: are wide regional disparities in literacy rate
across the states of India.
• Statement 1 is not correct: The population of • Statement 3 is not correct: Bihar which has
India according to their economic status is lowest (63.82 per cent) literacy and there are
divided into three groups - Main workers, states like Kerala and Mizoram which have
Marginal workers and Non-workers. As per the literacy rates of 93.91 and 91.58 per cent
standard census definition, a Main Worker is a respectively.
person who works for at least 183 days (or six
months) in a year. Marginal Worker is a person Q.34)
who works for less than 183 days (or six months)
in a year. Ans: c
• Statement 2 is not correct: The proportion of
Exp:
workers (both main and marginal) is only 39%
(Census 2011) leaving a vast majority of 61% as Option c is correct
non-workers. This indicates an economic status
in which thereis a larger proportion of dependent Census of India classifies urban centers into six
population, further indicating possible existence classes.

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• 1,00,000 and more; • Statement 2 is correct: it is a frost sensitive crop

• 50,000 – 99,999; and its yields fluctuate from year to year.
• 20,000 – 49,999; • Statement 3 is correct: Rajasthan is the largest
• 10,000 – 9,999; producer of mustard and contribute one third of
• 5,000 – 9,999; total production. Other leading producers are
• Less than 5,000 Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, west Bengal and Madhya
Urban centre with population of more than one lakh is Pradesh.
called a city or class I town.
Cities accommodating population size between one Q.37)

to five million are called metropolitan cities and
more than five million are mega cities. Ans: b
Exp:
• Point 1 is correct: Monocropping is the
Q.35) agricultural practice of growing a single crop year
after year on the same land, in the absence of
Ans: d rotation through other crops or growing multiple
Exp: crops on the same land (polyculture). One of the
serious problems that arises out of faulty
Ports which are located far away from the sea coast strategy of irrigation and agricultural
and linked to the sea through a river or canal are development is degradation of land resources.
known as 'Inland Ports'. Such ports are accessible to This is serious because it may lead to depletion of
flat bottom ships or barges. For example, Manchester soil fertility. The situation is particularly alarming
(England) is linked with a canal; Memphis (USA) is in irrigated areas.
located on the river Mississippi; Rhine has several • Point 2 is correct: Excessive use of chemicals such
ports like Mannheim and Duisburg (both in as insecticides and pesticides has led to their
Germany); and Kolkata (India) is located on the river concentration in toxic amounts in the soil profile.
Hooghly, a branch of the river Ganga. Leguminous crops have been displaced from the
cropping pattern in the irrigated areas and
List of inland port of India duration of fallow has substantially reduced
owing to multiple cropping. This has obliterated
• Varanasi Multi-Modal Terminal, Varanasi, Uttar
the process of natural fertilisation such as
Pradesh
nitrogen fixation.
• Farakka Port, Farakka, West Bengal
• Point 3 is correct: A large tract of agricultural land
• Dhubri Port - Dhubri, Assam has lost its fertility due to alkalisation and
• Kolkata Port, West Bengal salinisation of soils and water logging.
• Haldia Inland Port, Haldia, West Bengal
• Sahebganj Multi-Model Port, Sahebganj,
Jharkhand Q.38)
Paradeep and kandla are not inland ports.
Ans: c
Exp:
Q.36)
• Point 1 is not correct: Kandla is a port on the
Ans: c western coast in Gujarat.
• Point 2 is correct: Nagapattinam is a minor
Exp: port on the eastern coast in Tamil Nadu.
• Point 3 is correct: Paradwip is a major port on
• Statement 1 is not correct: mustard is a
the eastern coast in Odisha.
subtropical crop cultivated during Rabi season in
• Point 4 is correct: Kakinada is a minor port
North West and central part of India.

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near Vishakhapatnam on the eastern coast in • light industries that often do not use raw
AndhraPradesh. materials but component parts
• power requirements, usually only electricity —
available from the national grid
• the end product is small and often cheaper and
easier to move;
• employs a small labour force
• non-polluting industries which can be located
near residential areas
• accessibility - needs to be near a road network
Statement 2 is not correct: On the other hand, the
cotton industry is largely dependent on cotton as raw
material, employs low to the medium-skilled labour
force and has a conventional product range. So it is not
a footloose industry. Other examples of non-footloose
industries include Tea, Jute and sugar industry.
Q.39) Q.41)
Ans: b Ans: d
Exp: Exp:
Pair 1 is not correct: Kakarapara (Gujarat)
• Point 1 is correct: In the Census of India migration
Pair 2 is not correct: Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu), is enumerated on two bases
Pair 3 is correct: Narora (Uttar Pradesh) • Place of birth, if the place of birth is
The important nuclear projects in India are: different from the place of enumeration
(known as life-time migrant);
• Tarapur (Maharashtra) • Point 3 is correct: Place of residence, if the place
• Kakarapara (Gujarat) of last residence is different from the place of
• Kudankulam (Tamil Nadu) enumeration (known as migrant by place of last
• Tarapur (Maharashtra) residence).
• Jaitapur (Maharashtra) • As per 2001 census, out of 1,029 million people in
• Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu), the country, 307 million (30 per cent) were
• Kaiga (Karnataka) reported as migrants by place of birth. However,
this figure was 315 million (31 per cent) in case of
• Narora (Uttar Pradesh)
place of last residence. Over 45.58 crore Indians
• Rawatbhata (kota, Rajasthan)
were found to be “migrants” for various reasons
during the enumeration exercises of Census
Q.40) 2011. Census data shows that marriage and
employment are the major reasons for migration.
Ans: a • Point 2 is not correct: The Economic Survey 2016-
Exp: 17 used data from Census 2011, rail traffic data
Statement 1 is correct: Footloose industry is a and changes in population in different age
general term for an industry that can be placed categories to estimate migration statistics. It
and located at any location without effect from estimates that an average of 90 million people
factors such as resources or transport. migrated annually through railways between
• Characteristic features of footloose Indian states annually during the last five years.
Industries which favour the free choice of
location:


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Q.42) • Statement 1 is correct: India is the second largest

producer of the Sugarcane in the world. Largest
Ans: c producer of the Sugarcane in the world is Brazil.
Exp: Top five Sugarcane producing countries are Brazil,
India, China, Thailand and Pakistan.
• Rain water harvesting is a method to capture • Statement 2 is correct: Yield of Sugarcane is
and store rainwater for various uses. It is also higher in Southern India as compared to the
used to recharge groundwater aquifers. It is a Northern India because of favourable climate
low cost and eco-friendly technique for which is free from the effects of summer loo and
preserving every drop of water by guiding the winter frost. The black soil in south is also ideal
rain water to bore well, pits and wells. for growing crops like cotton and sugarcane
• Statement 1 is correct: arrests salt water • Optimum temperature for sprouting
intrusion in coastal areas if used to recharge (germination) of stem cuttings is 32° to 38°C. High
aquifers. humidity (80-85%) favours rapid cane elongation
during grand growth period. A moderate value of
• Statement 2 is correct: Rainwater harvesting 45-65% coupled with limited water supply is
increases water availability, checks the favourable during the ripening phase. Above 40%
declining ground water table. humidity coupled with warm weather favours
vegetative growth of cane.
• Statement 3 is correct: it improves the quality
• Tropical region shared about 45% and 55% of the
of groundwater through dilution of
total sugarcane area and production in the
contaminants like fluoride and nitrates,
country, respectively along with the average
prevents soil erosion and flooding.
productivity of 77 t/ha (2011-12). Sub-tropical
region accounted for about 55% and 45% of total
area and production of sugarcane with an average
Q.43) productivity about 63 t/ha (2011-12).
Ans: b Q.45
Exp:
For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban Ans: d
area is as follows-
Exp:
Point 3 is correct: All places with a municipality,
Industries can be classified based upon
corporation, cantonment board or notified town
various factors such as ownership,
area committee,etc. are defined as urban
inputs, outputs, etc.
settlements.
Based on the output, industries can be
Point 1 and 2 are not correct: All other places which classified as:
satisfied the following criteria: Basic industries: Industries whose products are used
• A minimum population of 5,000 to produce other goods.
• At least 75 per cent of the male main working
population engaged in non-agricultural • Point 1 and 2 are correct: Iron and steel industry,
pursuits copper refining industry is one of the basic
• A density of population of at least 400 persons per industries because steel & copper produced by
sq. km. this industry is used in many other industries as
raw material. Some basic industries produce
machines which are used to produce other goods.
• Point 3 and 4 are not correct: Non-basic or
Q.44) consumer goods industries: Industries which
produce goods for direct consumption such as
Ans: c tea, bread, soap and television.
Exp:


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Q.46) Q.48)
Ans: d
Ans: d Exp:
Exp: • Pair 1 is not correct: Malaprabha Canal----
• statement 1 is not correct: Gross domestic Karnataka
product (GDP) per capita is a measure of a • Pair 2 is not correct: Sharda Canal--- Uttar
country‘s economic output that account for Pradesh
population. It tells you how prosperous a country • Pair 3 is not correct: Sirhind Canal---Punjab
feels to each of its citizens. However, it is not a • Punjab - Sirhind Canal, Bhakra Canal
complete measure of economic welfare. GDP
• Uttar Pradesh - Sharda Canal, Upper and Lower
only addresses average income, failing to reflect
Ganga Canal
how most people actually live or who benefits
• Karnataka - Vishweshwarya Canal and Malprabha
from economic growth. Prevalence of poverty,
project canal.
deprivation, malnutrition, illiteracy, regional
disparities fails to give true impression of all the
Q.49)
so-called economic achievements. Therefore, a
growing GDP cannot be assumed to necessarily Ans: d
lead to sustainable development and poverty Exp:
reduction.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The findings of 2011 • Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian
Census of India are very disturbing particularly in state-owned aerospace and defence company
case of child sex ratio in the age group of 0-6 headquartered in Bangalore (Bengaluru), India. It
years. With the exception of Kerala, the child sex is governed under the management of the Indian
ratio has declined in all the states and it is the Ministry of Defence.
most alarming in the developed state of Haryana
• The government-owned corporation is primarily
and Punjab where it is below 850 female children
involved in the operations of the aerospace and is
per thousand male children which is below the
currently involved in the design, fabrication and
national average of 919 female children per
assembly of aircraft, jet engines, helicopters and
thousand male children.
their spare parts. It has several facilities spread
across India
including Bangalore, Nasik, Korwa, Kanpur, Korap
Q.47)
ut, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Barrackpore and
Ans: a
Kasaragod.
Exp:
Option a is correct. Q.50)
• Cropping intensity refers to raising of a number of Ans: b

crops from the same field during one agriculture
year. It can be expressed as cropping intensity = Exp:
(Gross cropped area / Net sown area) x 100
Option b is correct:
• It increases the total output per unit area of land
from all crops grown over one agricultural year by • Rural settlements may be classified on the basis
increasing land-use intensity. The advantage is that of forms or shapes of the settlements. These
along with increased output from limited land, it may be a number of geometrical forms and
also increases the demand for labor significantly. shapes such as Linear, rectangular, circular star
• For a land-scarce but labor abundant country like like, T shaped village, double village, cross-
India, a high cropping intensity is desirable not shaped village etc.
only for fuller utilization of the land resource but
also for reducing unemployment in the rural • Star like pattern is where several roads
economy converge; star shaped settlements develop by
the houses built along the roads.

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Energy (24%), Roads (19%), Urban (16%), and

Railways (13%) amount to around 70% of the
projected capital expenditure in infrastructure
in India. It has outlined plans to invest more
than ₹102 lakh crore on infrastructure projects
by 2024-25, with the Centre, States and the
private sector to share the capital expenditure
in a 39:39:22 formula.
• Statement 2 is not correct: it is under the
Ministry of Finance.
Q.53
Q.51) Ans: d
Ans: c Exp:
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: Large deposits of

bauxite are found mainly in the tropical regions
— Australia, Surinam, Jamaica, Venezuela,
Guyana, Malaysia, Indonesia and India.
• Statement 2 is correct: Bauxite is the ore of
aluminium. Like iron, it is being used widely in
a variety of ways — machine tools, electricals,
utensils, aeroplanes, packing and construction.
Extraction of aluminium from bauxite requires
large amount of electricity. It is, therefore,
called an energy intensive industry.
Q.52)
Ans: d
Exp:
• Statement 1 is not correct: To augment

infrastructure and create jobs in the country, Q.54)
the government task force on National
Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP), which in its report Ans: d
projected total investment of Rs 111 lakh crore
in infra projects over five years. Exp:
• It is not exclusive for road construction. It said • The leather industry in India is geographically
that 18 per cent of the targeted investment is well diversified, though Tamil Nadu, Uttar
expected to be made in the road sector. Pradesh and West Bengal account for bulk of the
output.
• NIP includes economic and social
infrastructure projects. • The major production centers for leather and
leather products are located at Chennai, Ambur,
• During the fiscals 2020 to 2025, sectors such as

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Ranipet, Vaniyambadi, Trichi, Dindigul in Tamil Ans: b

Nadu, Kolkata in West Bengal, Kanpur, Agra and
Noida in Uttar Pradesh, Jalandhar in Punjab, Exp:
Bahadurgarh and Manesar in Haryana, Bangalore
in Karnataka, Delhi and Hyderabad in Andhra
Pradesh. The sector is dominated by micro and
small units with bigger units accounting for just
around 5 per cent of the total manufacturing
units.
Q.55)
Ans: c
Exp:
Option c is correct:
• Some of the important plantation crops are tea,

coffee, cocoa, rubber, cotton, oil palm,
sugarcane, bananas and pineapples.
• Wheat is not a plantation crop
Q.56)
Q.58)
Ans: c
Ans: d
Exp: Exp:
Pipelines are tubular pipes, underground or
• Statement 1 is not correct: Growth Rate of
over ground, that transport and distribute
Population: This is the change of population
fluids. Pipelines are used extensively to
expressed in percentage. The "population growth
transport liquids and gases such as
rate" is the rate at which the number of
• Water, petroleum and natural gas individuals in a population increases in a given
for uninterrupted flow. time period, expressed as a fraction of the initial
population.
• Cooking gas or LPG is supplied
through pipelines in many parts of • Statement 2 is not correct: Natural Growth of
the world. Population: This is the population increased by
• Pipelines can also be used to difference between births and deaths in a
transport liquiefied coal. particular region between two points of time.
• Milk is being supplied through • Natural Growth = Births – Deaths

pipelines from farms to factories in
New Zealand • Actual Growth of Population = Births – Deaths +
In Migration – Out Migration
Advantages of pipeline transportation
• Large volume can be easily transported
• Small ecological footprint Q.59)
Q.57) Ans: a

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Exp: Ans: c
• Statement 1 is correct: Agriculture accounts for
most of the surface and groundwater utilization, Exp:
it accounts for 89 percent of the surface water
Shale gas & oil is defined as natural gas & oil from
and 92 percent of the groundwater utilization.
shale formations. Shale gas is an unconventional
• Statement 2 is not correct: the share of the source of energy found in non-porous rocks. The shale
industrial sector is limited to 2 percent of the acts as both the source and the reservoir for these
surface water utilization and 5 percent of the unconventional hydrocarbons. Older shale wells were
ground-water; the share of the domestic sector is vertical while more recent wells are primarily
higher (9 percent) in surface water utilization as horizontal and need artificial stimulation, like hydraulic
compared to groundwater. fracturing, to produce. Only shale formations with
certain characteristics will produce gas and oil.
Q.60) The country holds promising reserves of Shale Gas &
Ans: c Oil resources and the following sedimentary basins are
Exp: considered prospective from Shale oil and gas point of
• Statement 1 is not correct: Rain-fed areas view:
contributed significantly to the country’s food • cambay basin
production. It contributes 40 percent rice
• KG basib
production in the country.
• Cauvery basin
• Statement 2 is not correct: About 61 percent of
• Gondwana basin
India’s farmers rely on rain-fed agriculture and
• Indo-Gangetic baisn
55 percent of the gross cropped area is under
• Assam-Arakan basin
rain-fed farming. India ranks first in rain-fed
agriculture, both in the area and the value of
produce. Q.63)
• Statement 3 is correct: They account for 89 Ans: c
percent of millet production, 88 percent of Exp:
pulses, 73 percent of cotton, and 69 percent of • Statement 1 is correct: Mineral ores containing
oilseeds production in the country. metal are known as metallic minerals. Metallic
minerals are most abundant in areas with strong
tectonic activity. In regions with strong tectonic
Q.61)
activity igneous rocks are predominant. Metallic
Ans: d minerals and metals such as chromium, platinum,
nickel, copper, and iron can precipitate as sulfide
Exp: minerals in a cooling body of magma.
• It estimated that India has about 1/4th of the
Statement 1 is correct: direct seeding refers to world‘s known iron-ore reserves.
process of establishing a rice crop from seeds sown
• Statement 2 is correct: Fossil fuels are found in
in field rather than by transplanting seedlings from
rocks formed by deposition (sedimentary rocks)
nursery. In transplanting, farmers prepare nurseries Fossil fuels represent stored solar energy
where paddy seeds are first sown and raised into captured by plants in the past geological times.
young plants. These seedlings are then uprooted and Coal, petroleum and natural gas are called fossil
replanted 25-35 days later in main field with standing fuels, as they are the remains of prehistoric
water. plants, animals and microscopic organisms that
Statement 2 and 3 are correct: Advantages of DSR: lived millions of year ago.
• saving irrigation water • Sedimentary rocks can contain fossils because,
• Saves labour, energy, time, unlike most igneous and metamorphic rocks, they
• Reduces emission of greenhouse-gases, etc. form at temperatures and pressures that do not
destroy fossil remains.
Q.62)
Q.64)


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Ans: c research, the legal profession, and the banking

sector.
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: The Human Development Q.66)

Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average
Ans: b
achievement in key dimensions of human
development: a long and healthy life, being Exp:
knowledgeable and have a decent standard of
living. The HDI is the geometric mean of • Statement 1 is not correct: Cotton is a tropical
normalized indices for each of the three crop grown in the Kharif season in semi-arid
dimensions. The origins of the HDI are found in areas of the country. India ranks second in the
the annual Human Development Reports world in the production of cotton after China.
produced by the Human Development Report Cotton occupies about 4.7 percent of the total
Office of the United Nations Development cropped area in the country. There are three
Programme (UNDP). It was started in 1991 as cotton-growing areas, i.e. parts of Punjab,
Human Development Report by United Nations Haryana and northern Rajasthan in the north-
Development Programme (UNDP). west, Gujarat and Maharashtra in the west and
• Statement 2 is correct: The Human Development plateaus of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and
Index (HDI) provides a single index measure to Tamil Nadu in the south. Leading producers of
capture three key dimensions of human this crop are Gujarat, Maharashtra and
development: a long and healthy life, access to Telangana per hectare output of cotton is high
knowledge and a decent standard of living. under irrigated conditions in the north-western
• Statement 3 is not correct: India is placed low at region of the country. Its yield is very low in
129 in Human Development Index in 2019. Maharashtra where it is grown under rainfed
conditions.
• Statement 2 is correct: The area under rice
Q.65) cultivation is the highest. Wheat is the second
most important cereal crop in India after rice.
Ans: a
India produces about 12.3 percent of the total
Exp: wheat production of the world
• Statement 3 is correct: The oilseeds are produced
• Statement 1 is correct: The highest level of for extracting edible oils. Drylands of Malwa
decision-makers or policymakers performs plateau, Marathwada, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
quinary activities. These are subtly different from Telangana, Rayalseema region of Andhra
the knowledge-based industries that the quinary Pradesh, and Karnataka plateau are oilseeds
sector in general deals with. growing regions of India. These crops together
occupy about 14 percent of the total cropped area
• Statement 2 is correct: Quinary activities are
in the country. Groundnut, rapeseed and mustard,
services that focus on the creation, re-
soybean, and sunflower are the main oilseed crops
arrangement, and interpretation of new and
grown in India.
existing ideas; data interpretation, and the use
and evaluation of new technologies. Often
Q.67)
referred to as ‘gold collar’ professions, they
represent another subdivision of the tertiary Ans: b
sector representing special and highly paid skills
of senior business executives, government Exp:
officials, research scientists, financial and legal
consultants, etc. Option b is correct.
• Statement 3 is correct: it includes research and • About 80 per cent of the total road length in
development (R and D) activities, e-learning, India are categorised as rural roads.
business research, intellectual property (IP)

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• District Roads are the connecting link between Ans: d

District Headquarters and the other important
nodes in thedistrict. Exp:
• State Highways are constructed and In India, Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar
maintained by state governments. They join rocks.
the state capitals withdistrict headquarters
and other important towns. These roads are • It occurs along the Singbhum Copper
connected to the National Highways. belt (Jharkhand);
• National Highways are constructed and
maintained by the Central Government. These • Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu districts
roads are meant forinter-state transport and of Rajasthan,
movement of defence men and material in • Durg district of Chhattisgarh,
strategic areas.
• Bhandara district of Maharashtra and
Q.68) • Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.
Ans: d • Significant quantity of reserves was recently

discovered in parts of Andhra Pradesh and
Exp: Telangana between Seshachalam forest and
Sresailam (Southern edge of Andhra to
• Statement 1 is not correct: The National Southern edge of Telangana).
Waterway 1 or NW-1 or Ganga-Bhagirathi-
Hooghly river system is located in India and runs • Uranium is used as a fuel for nuclear power
from Haldia (Sagar) to Prayagraj across reactors for electricity generation, in the
the Ganges, Bhagirathi and Hooghly river system. manufacture of radioisotopes for medical
• It is 1,620 km (1,010 mi) long, making it the applications and in nuclear science research.
longest waterway in India. It is of prime
importance amongst all the national waterways
considering its locational advantages.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The NW-1 passes
through West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh and serves major cities and their
industrial hinterlands.
Q.70)
Q.69) Ans: a
Exp:

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• Statement 1 is correct: Gondwana coal makes Q.73)

up to 90 per cent of the total reserves and the Ans: d
productionof coal in India.
Exp:
• Statement 2 is not correct: Anthracite is
generally not found in the Gondwana coal • Rural settlements are most closely and directly
fields. Anthracite is found mainly in the Kashmir related to land. They are dominated by primary
region. Coking as well as non-coking and activities such as agriculture, animal
bituminous as well as sub- bituminous coal is husbandry, fishing etc. The settlements size is
obtained from Gondwana coal fields. relatively small. Some factors affecting the
location of rural settlements are:
• Point 1 is correct: Land: People choose to settle
Q.71)
near fertile lands suitable for agriculture. In
Ans: b Europe villages grew up near rolling country
avoiding swampy, low lying land while people
Exp: in south east Asia chose to live near low lying
river valleys and coastal plains suited for wet
• Statement 1 not is correct: NH 1 passes rice cultivation.
from Uri to Baramulla, Srinagar, Sonamarg, Z
oji La, Dras, Kargil and Leh. The route passes • Point 2 is correct: Water Supply: Usually rural
through high mountain passes and most of the settlements are located near water bodies such
road clings to mountainsides. The NH is the as rivers, lakes, and springs where water can be
lifeline of the Ladakh region. An alternative easily obtained. Sometimes the need for water
route, the Leh-Manali Highway, exists but it drives people to settle in otherwise
climbs over even higher mountain passes. disadvantaged sites such as islands surrounded
• NH 1 is not passing through Shimla. by swamps or low lying river banks.
• Statement 2 is correct: NH 1 passes near the • Point 3 is correct: Building Material: The
India-Pakistan border. availability of building materials- wood, stone near
settlements is another advantage. Early villages
Q.72) were built in forest clearings where wood was
Ans: c plenty.
Exp: • Point 4 is correct: Defence: During the times of
political instability, war, hostility of neighboring
groups villages was built on defensive hills and
islands.
• Upland: Upland which is not prone to flooding
was chosen to prevent damage to houses and
loss of life. Thus, in low lying river basins people
chose to settle on terraces and levees which are
“dry points”.
Q.74)
Ans: c
Exp:
• Statement 1 is correct: India has 26 sedimentary
basins covering an area of 3.14 million square
kilometers. The sedimentary basins of India, on
land and offshore up to the 200m isobath, have
an aerial extent of about 1.79 million sq. km. In
the deepwater beyond the 200m isobath, the
sedimentary area has been estimated to be about


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1.35 million sq. km. Thus, the total works out to • Statement 2 is correct: Basic Needs Approach:
3.14 million sq. km. They are spread across This approach was initially proposed by the
onland, offshore and deepwater areas. International Labour Organisation (ILO). Six basic
• Statement 2 is correct: Over the last twelve years, needs i.e.: health, education, food, water supply,
there have been significant forward steps in sanitation, and housing were identified. The
exploring the hydrocarbon potential of the question of human choices is ignored and the
sedimentary basins of India. The unexplored area emphasis is on the provision of basic needs of
has come down to 15% which was 50% in 1995- defined sections.
96. They are an important source of Natural Gas, • statement 3 is not correct: Capability Approach:
CBM and Shale Gas along with Oil, Petroleum. This approach is associated with Prof. Amartya
Sen. Building human capabilities in the areas of
health, education and access to resources is the
key to increasing human development.
Q.75) • Income Approach: This is one of the oldest
approaches to human development. Human
Ans: d development is seen as being linked to income. The
Exp: idea is that the level of income reflects the level of
• Pair 1 is not correct: Mumbai-Pune Industrial freedom an individual enjoys. Higher the level of
Region: It extends from Mumbai-Thane to Pune income, the higher is the level of human
and in adjoining districts of Nashik and development.
Solapur.With the development of cotton textile
industry, chemical industry also developed. Q.77)
Opening of theMumbai High petroleum field and
Ans: c
erection of nuclear energy plants added
additional pull to this region. Exp:
The main problems being faced by the Jute industry
• Pair 2 is not correct: Hugli Industrial Region:
are the following:
Located along the Hugli river, this region extends
from Bansberia in the north to Birlanagar in the • Point1 is correct: Inadequate supply of raw
southfor a distance of about 100 km. The major materials- After independence, 70 per cent of the
concentration of jute industry is at Haora and jute producing areas went to Bangladesh. Thus,
Bhatapara. the jute industry suffers from inadequate supply
• Pair 3 is not correct: Chotanagpur Region: This of raw jute.
region extends over Jharkhand, northern Orissa • Point 2 is correct: Obsolete machinery- Many jute
and western West Bengal and is known for the mills are uneconomical because of outdated
heavymetallurgical industries. machinery. Other reasons are-labour problem and
irregular supply of raw jute.
• Point 3 is correct: Competition from substitutes-
Q.76)
Paper, plastics, cloth and hemp have emerged as
Ans: a substitutes and are available at cheaper rates in
the world market.
Exp:
• Statement 1 is not correct: Welfare Approach:
This approach looks at human beings as Q.78)
beneficiaries or targets of all development
activities. The approach argues for higher Ans: d
government expenditure on education, health,
social secondary and amenities. People are not Exp:
participants in development but only passive
• The Coal resources of India are available in
recipients. The government is responsible for
older Gondwana Formations of peninsular
increasing levels of human development by
India and youngerTertiary formations of
maximising expenditure on welfare.


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north-eastern region. India is the second largest producer of silk in the

• Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the world after China
valleys of Damodar, Son, Mahanadi and
Godavari. Theeastern belt is a major producer India has the distinction of producing all the four
of coal. types of silk i.e.
• The energy derived from coal in India is about
twice that of energy derived from oil, whereas • Mulberry silk (91.7%);
worldwide,energy derived from coal is about • Tasar silk (1.4%);
30% less than energy derived from oil. • Eri silk (6.4%); and
• Muga silk (.5%) which are produced by different
species of silkworms.
Q.79)
Mulberry silk is produced extensively in the States of
Ans: c
Karnataka, West Bengal and Jammu & Kashmir.
Exp: Similarly, Tasar silk worms are reared traditionally by
the tribes of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa; Muga
• Limits to Growth: The Limits to Growth is a 1972 and Eri silk are produced exclusively in Assam. The
report on the computer simulation of exponential food plant of silkworms is Mulberry for producing
economic and population growth with a finite Mulberry silk.
supply of resources. It is commissioned by the Club
of Rome. The authors of the report intended to
explore the possibility of a sustainable ecological
and economic stability along with economic Q.81)
growth. Ans: b
• Our Common Future: Our Common Future, also
Exp:
known as the Brundtland Report was published in
1987 by the United Nations. Its targets were The Diamond Quadrilateral of Indian railways aim to
multilateralism and interdependence of nations in connect metropolitan cities and growth centers of the
the search for a sustainable development path. country (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata) through
The report sought to recapture the spirit of the high-speed rail connectivity. Diamond Quadrilateral
Stockholm Conference which had introduced project of Indian railways is similar to the Golden
environmental concerns to the formal political Quadrilateral project for the development of highways.
development sphere. Our Common Future placed Six corridors have been identified under the Diamond
environmental issues firmly on the political Quadrilateral project. These are
agenda; it aimed to discuss the environment and
development as one single issue. • Delhi-Mumbai,
• Agenda-21: Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan • Mumbai-Chennai,
of the United Nations with regard to sustainable • Chennai-Kolkata,
development. It is a product of the Earth Summit • Kolkata-Delhi and both diagonals i.e.
(UN Conference on Environment and • Delhi-Chennai and
Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in • Mumbai-Kolkata routes.
1992. It is an action agenda for the UN, other
multilateral organizations, and individual
governments around the world that can be
executed at local, national, and global levels.
Q.80)
Ans: a
Exp:
Option a is correct:

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The characteristic features of this type of farming

are:
• large estates or plantations

• large capital investment,
• managerial and technical support,
• scientific methods of cultivation,
• single crop specialisation,
• Cheap labour and a good system of
transportation which links the estates to the
factories and markets for the export of the
products.
Q.84)
Ans: a
Exp:
Q.82) • Statement 1 is correct: Thorium is about 3.5 times
Ans: d more common than uranium in the Earth's crust
Present knowledge of the distribution of thorium
Exp:
resources is poor because of the relatively low-key
• Statement 1 is not correct: Shale gas is a natural exploration efforts arising out of insignificant
gas produced from shale, a type of sedimentary demand. India and Australia are believed to
rock. Shales are fine-grained sedimentary rocks possess about 300,000 tonnes each; i.e. each
that can be rich sources of petroleum and natural country possessing 25% of the world's thorium
gas. reserves.
• Statement 2 is not correct: China is estimated to • Statement 2 is not correct: In India, Thorium is
have the world's largest shale gas reserves mainly obtained from monazite and ilmenite in
followed by USA, Argentina, Mexico, South the beach sands along the coast of Kerala and
Africa, Australia, and Canada. Tamil Nadu. World‘s richest monazite deposits
• In India, six onshore basins - Cambay, Krishna- occur in Palakkad and Kollam districts of Kerala,
Godavari, Cauvery, Assam-Arakan, Ganga and near Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and
Gondwana/Damodar - have been identified for Mahanadi river delta in Odisha.
shale exploration. Krishna Godavari basin, • Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar rocks.
located in eastern India, is considered to hold the Uranium ores are known to occur in several
largest shale gas reserves in the country. locations along the Singbhum Copper belt. It is
also found in Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu
districts of Rajasthan, Durg district of
Q.83) Chhattisgarh, Bhandara district of Maharashtra
and Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh.
Ans: d
Exp: Q.85)
All the points are correct. Ans: b
Plantation agriculture was introduced by the Exp:
Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics.
Level of economic development is both a cause and
consequence of literacy. In India – literacy rate


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denotes the percentage of population above 7 years divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metallic
of age, who is able to read, write and have the minerals. All those minerals which have iron
ability to do arithmetic calculations with content are ferrous such as iron ore itself and those
understanding. which do not have iron content are non-ferrous
such as copper, bauxite, etc.
• Non-metallic minerals are either organic in origins
such as fossil fuels also known as mineral fuels
Q.86)
which are derived from the buried animal and
Ans: d plant life such as coal and petroleum. Other types
of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin
Exp: such as mica, limestone, and graphite, etc.
• Metallic minerals are found in igneous and
• Pair 1 is not correct: south eastern— metamorphic rocks whereas non-metallic minerals
Kolkata. Southern—Chennai. have a sedimentary origin
• Pair 2 is not correct: north eastern—
Gorakhpur. North central—Allahabad Q.89)
• Pair 3 is not correct: south western— Ans: d

Hubli. South central –Secundrabad
Exp:
• Statement 1 is not correct: The raw materials

Q.87) besides iron ore and coking coal, essential for iron
Ans: a and steel industry are limestone, dolomite,
manganese, and fire clay. All these raw materials
Exp: are gross (weight losing), therefore, the best
location for the iron and steel plants is near the
Option a is correct. source of raw materials. In India, there is a
crescent of the shaped region comprising parts of
The clustered rural settlement is a compact or Chhattisgarh, Northern Odisha, Jharkhand, and
closely built up area of houses. In this type of western West Bengal, which is extremely rich in
village, the general living area is distinct and high-grade iron ore, good quality coking coal and
separated from the surrounding farms, barns and other supplementing raw materials.
pastures. The closely built-up area and its
• Statement 2 is not correct: New steel plants that
intervening streets present some recognisable
were set up in the Fourth Plan period are away
pattern or geometric shape, such as rectangular,
from the main raw material sources. All three
radial, linear, etc. Such settlements are generally
plants are located in South India. The Vizag Steel
found in fertile alluvial plains and in the
Plant, in Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh, is
northeastern states.
the first port-based plant that started operating in
1992. Its port location is of advantage. Apart from
major steel plants, there are more than 206 units
Q.88) located in different parts of the country. Most of
these uses scrap iron as their main raw material
Ans: c and process it in electric furnaces
Exp:
Q.90)
• On the basis of chemical and physical properties, Ans: d
minerals may be grouped under two main
categories of metallics and non-metallics. Exp:
• Metallic minerals are the sources of metals. Iron
Petroleum refineries are located at the following
ore, copper, gold produce metal and are included
places in India: Barauni, Koyali, Haldia, Mathura,
in this category. Metallic minerals are further

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Panipat, Digboi, Bongaigaon, Guwahati, Paradip, Khasi languages are spoken by Khasi tribal people of
Mumbai, Visakhapatnam, Bathinda, Kochi, Meghalaya, while Nicobari languages are the
Chennai, Nagapattinam, Numaligarh, Tatipaka, languages of the tribal people of the Nicobar Islands.
Mangalore, and Jamnagar. Khasi used to be written in Bengali-Assamese script
about a century ago. Through the influence of Welsh
Methodist missionaries, the Roman alphabet has been
adopted for Khasi and some literature has been
produced. Hence Khasi, Mundari and Nicobari
languages are part of Austric language family.
Q.92)
Ans: c
Exp:
• Point 1 is correct: Nature of terrain and the

level of economic development are the main
determinants of density of roads. Construction
of roads is easy and cheaper in the plain areas
while it is difficult and costly in hilly and plateau
areas. Therefore, not only the density but also
Q.91) the quality of roads is relatively better in plains
Ans: d as compared to roads in high altitude areas,
rainy and forested regions.
Exp:
India is a land of linguistic diversity. The speakers of • Point 2 is not correct: Density of roads (length
major Indian languages belong to four language of roads per 100 square km of area) varies from
families namely Indo-European Family (Arya), only 12.14 km in Jammu and Kashmir to 517.77
Dravidian Family (Dravida), Austric Family km in Kerala with a national average of 142.68
(Nishada), and Sino-Tibetan Family (Kirata) km in 2011. The density of road is highin most
of the northern states and major southern
Austric Languages: The Austric languages of India states. It is low in the Himalayan region,
belong to the Austro-Asiatic sub-family. This category northeastern region. Madhya Pradesh and
is further sub-divided into Munda and Mon-Khmer. Rajasthan despite having high population have
low road density. Thus, population is not a
Point 3 is correct: major determinant.
Munda or Kol Languages: Munda languages are the • Point 3 is correct: after economic reform, many
largest of the Austric group of languages. They consist projects were launch for road construction.
of fourteen tribal languages. The Kherwari is the Thus, level of economic development also
major group, which is current in Eastern India (Chota determines the density and quality of road.
Nagpur, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal) and
includes Santhali, Mundari, Ho, Birhor, Bhumiej,
Korwa and Korku (or Kurku). Santhali, Mundari, and
Ho languages have a noteworthy literature preserved Q.93)
orally, consisting of songs and mythological romantic
Ans: c
stories.
Exp:
Point 1 and 2 are correct:
Mon-Khmer Languages: Mon-Khmer group of Austric • Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve

languages has two sub-groups— Khasi and Nicobari. Limited (ISPRL), a Government of India
Special Purpose Vehicle, has established


Contact : +91-7007 931 912
Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR)

facilities with total capacity of 5.33
Million Metric Tonnes (MMT) at 3
locations, namely
o Vishakhapatnam,
o Mangalore and
o Padur.
• As per the consumption pattern of 2019-20, the
total capacity is estimated to provide for about 9.5
days of crude oil requirement.
• In addition, Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) in
the country have storage facilities for crude oil and
petroleum products for 64.5 days, thus the current
total national capacity for storage of crude oil and
petroleum products currently is 74 days.
• Under Phase II of the SPR Programme, the
Government has given ‘in principle’ approval in
June 2018 for establishing two additional SPR
facilities with total storage capacity of 6.5 MMT at
two locations namely (i) Chandikhol in Odisha (4
MMT) and (ii) Padur in Karnataka (2.5 MMT). As
per the consumption pattern of 2019-20, 6.5 MMT
SPR capacity is estimated to provide for about
additional 12 days of India’s crude oil requirement

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Q.1) Which of the following are represented in a a) 1 only

1. Canal irrigation is widespread in southern India.

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Q.12) Which of the following activity/activities

4. 16 year old boy a) 1 only

a) 2 and 3 only d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Q.20) Which of the following is/are characteristics

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b) 2 and 3 only a) 1,2 and 3 only

a) 1 and 4 only Q.27) Consider the following pairs:

1. Life expectancy at birth

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Highways. Which of the statements given aboveis/are

1. 1. It is largely confined to the regions having a) 1 and 2 only

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Q.36) Consider the following statements regarding Nuclear Power plant

d) 1and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only

Q.37) Which among the following factors is/are

1. Monocropping 1. Footloose industries are those industries

Q.41) Which of the following bases were used in the

1. It checks salt water intrusion.

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1. 1. Increase in the per capita gross domestic

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Q.49) Consider the following cities of India b) 2 only

a) Linear Pattern d) 1-4-3-2

Q.55) Which one of the following is not a plantation

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2. Water Q.59) Consider the following statements:

3. Natural gas 1. The maximum percentage of groundwater in India

a) 4-2-3-1 Q.61) Which of the following statements are

2. It causes saving irrigation water.

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4. Indus River Basin b) 1 and 2 only

Select the correct answer using the codegiven c) 2 and 3 only

Q.67) Which among the following road categories

1. It is issued every year by the UNDP a) National Highways

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1. The welfare approach assumes the level of 1. Our Common Future

2. Mahanadi Q.82) Consider the following statements regarding

b) 3 and 4 only a) 1 only

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1. Single crop specialisation Railway Zones Headquarters

a) 1 only Which of the pairs given above is/are

d) 2 and 3 only Q.89) Consider the following statements regarding

1. All the raw materials used in the iron and steel

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of raw material. b) 1nad 2 only

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