SYNDICATE 21: STAIRCASES

MEMBERS:
• KIVUVANI KHADIJA SHIRO
• MUNENE BEN KAHUNI
• NGESA CELIA ALICE
• ONYANGO VERONICA ACHIENG
Staircase

A set of steps connecting two levels

- Internally or
- Externally
PARTS OF A STAIRCASE
 Requirements of a good staircase
 LIGHTING AND VENTILATION

 LANDING

 LENGTH OF FLIGHT

 DISABILTITY FRIENDLY

 ACCESS

 FIRE SAFETY

 EQUAL RISER AND GOING DIMENSIONS

 ERGONOMICS

 STRENGTH AND STABILITY

TYPES OF STAIRCASES

1. Straight flight stairs.

2. Dog legged stairs.

3. Open newel stairs.

4. Quarter turn stairs.

5. Bifurcated stairs.

6. Geometrical stairs.

7. Spiral stairs.
 Straight flight stairs.
 It is the simplest type of stairs, and consists of one or in some cases two
flights running in one direction only. These stairs are used, when the
space available is narrow and long.
 Dog legged stairs.
 It is a very common and popular type of stairs and is used in public as
well as residential buildings. It consists of two flights running in
opposite directions, separated by a half space landing or a quarter
space landing and a set of winders. The dog-legged stair is so called
because the bent of the stairs is similar to the dog’s leg. When the
space available is equal to twice the width of the stairs, dog legged
stair is used.
 Open newel stairs.
 It is similar to the dog legged, stair except that in this case the two
flights are separated by an open well. The open newel stair is a
convenient type of stair and is generally used in public buildings. The
width of the open well depends upon the space available but the varies
from 60 cm to 120 cm. The two flights are either separated by a half
space lending’ or two quarter space landings with a set of steps as
shown in Fig. 6’5. The open well between the two flights can be used for
fixing a ‘Lift’.
 Quarter turn stairs.
 In this type of stair, the two flights run at right angles to each other and are separated by a
quarter space larding. the stairs are generally provided when wall support is on one side only, or
when in a huge appartment such as an entrance hall, stairs are to be provided.
 Bifurcated stairs.
 These stairs are commonly used in public buildings. In this type of
stairs, the bottom flight is wider and is bifurcated into two narrower
flights at the landing. The bifurcated stairs may be of two types, viz.
Quarter turn and half turn. In the quarter turn type, the upper the
lower flights run at right angle whereas in the half turn bifurcated
stairs, the sets of flights go in opposite directions as in a quarter turn
stair and dog-legged stair respectively.
 Geometrical stairs.
 The geometrical stairs are generally used in high class residential
buildings. The stair is in the form of some curve, having all the steps as
winders, radiating from the-centre of curvature of the curve. The hand
rail of a geometrical stair, continues without interruption and without
any angular turn-Considerable skill is required for fie designing and
construction of a geometrical stair. The minimum width of this stair has
been, fixed at 1.75 m.
 Spiral stairs.
 These stairs are generally constructed either of cast iron or R.C.C. The
steps which are all winders, radiate from a central vertical shaft and
are attached to it. The steps are generally pre-cast and are fitted to the
central pillar. These stairs are used on the back-side of a building for
emergency use as well as in those places where the space is limited.
SECTIONS – REINFORCED CONCRETE
SECTIONS - TIMBER
SECTIONS - STEEL
INTERIOR STAIRCASE DESIGN
• Hardwood Flooring

• Carpet Runner

• Carpeting

• Tile

• Laminate Flooring

• Glass Tiles.
Hardwood Flooring Carpeting
Carpet Runner
 Tiling

Glass Tiles

Floor Laminate
EXTERIOR STAIRCASE DESIGN
Main treatments on metallic
exterior staircases are:-
• Aluminum – Sandblasted,
primed or powder coated
• Stainless Steel – Mill finish,
red oxide or lack primer finish

Uses:
• Fire Escape
Differences between external staircases
and internal staircases

External staircases have

longer treads to
accommodate large number
of people at the same time.
While internal staircases are
smaller and have shorter
treads.