1 Module Practice Test 20, Reading and Wi 27 QUESTIONS oe The questions in this section address @ number of important reading and writing skills. Each ‘question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer What causes the formation of volcanoes? Before humans understood that the center of the Earth was made of molten iron, sclentfc hypotheses pointed to chemical reactions in superficial layers of magma to explain the phenomenon. Through modern geology, humans have a clearer though hardly complete understanding of the mechanism of magma flow, and can analyze the vibrations of the earth to warn of eruptions. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) recent 8) distant © approximate ) imeniny This passage is adapted from “Flagship Species and Their Role in the Conservation Movement” (2020) Until recently, two schools of thought have dominated the field of establishing “flagship” endangered species for marketing and awareness campaigns. These flagship species make up the subset of endangered species conservation experts utilize to elicit public both financial and support ~ legal - for fauna conservation as a whole. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) animal 8) conservation © flagship >) a —Before you dismiss Sousa as a curmudgeon, you might consider how drastically music has changed in the past hundred years. It has achieved onrushing omnipresence in our world: millions of hours of its history are available on disc; rivers of digital melody flow on the Internet; MP3 players with forty thousand songs can be tucked in a back pocket or a purse. Yet, for most of us, music is no longer something we do ourselves, or even watch other people do in front of us. It has become a radically virtual medium, an art without @ face. When we walk around the city on an ordinary day, our ears will register music at almost every turn bass lines pumping from passing cars, bits ‘of hip-hop seeping out of the headphones of teenagers on the subway, a lawyer's cell phone tweeting ‘Beethoven's “Ode ta Joy"—but almost none of it will be immediate result of physical work by human hands or voices, Fewer and fewer people know how to play instruments or read music, In the future, Sousa’s ghost might say, reproduction will displace production, Zombified listeners will shuffle through the archives of the past, and new music will consist of rearrangements of the old. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined portion in the overall structure of the text? A) underscore the diversity of contemporary B) highlight the vitality of urban life ©) dramatize the ubiquity of recorded musica D) illustrate a positive result of a technological innovation This text is adapted from the essay "My Life with a Field Guide" by Diana Kappel Smith (©2002 by Phi Beta Kappa Society) Why I persisted in carrying it round and consulting its crowded pages at every opportunity. 1 have no idea. The book was stubborn; wel, I was stubborn, too: that was part of it, And I had no choice, really, not if f wanted to get in A landscape may be handsome in the aggregate, but this book led to the particulars, and that’s what I wanted. A less complete guide would have been easier to start with, but more frustrating in the end. A more complete book would have been impossible for me to use. So I persisted in wrestling with the Peterson's, and thus by slow degrees the crowd of plant stuf in the world became composed of individuals, As it did, the hook changed: its caver was stained_by water and snack food, the spine grew ‘nvitingly lax. and same of the margins sprauted cryptic annotations. Which choice best describes the function of the last sentence in the overal structure of the text? ‘A) To reveal poor craftsmanship the publishing company used in producing the Peterson's 8) To suggest the transformation the author's copy of the Peterson's underwent as a result of hyve ©) To present a strange writing the author often encountered reading the Peterson's D) To show the carelessness with which the author used @ 1e Peterson's, much to her later regretText 1 For those of us who wish to preserve the planets diversity of species, high-tech, chemically assisted agriculture is an environmentalist’ best friend, Thats right, Soaring growth in human population threatens to destroy most of the worlds remaining rain forests, wetlands, and mountain ecosystems, drastically reducing species diversity Despite advances in chemical-free farming techniques, averreliance on these practices will result in the plowing down of forests to feed a global population that is estimated to double by 2050, Environmentalists must face the fact that unless highyield crop varieties, pesticides, and fertilizers are widely used in developing nations, th World's food supply will be outstripped by spiraling demand, This will mean more forests falling under the plow. Text 2 I couldnt agree more that it’s crucial to step up agricultural productivity to feed a spiraling global population. My quarrel is with howto intensify agriculture, not whether it should be intensified. Te paramount concern must be to increase crop yields in environmentally sensitive ways that protect human health and the soil and water that are agriculture’ very foundation. Heavy use of agrochemicals can bring high yields in the short run, but the cumulative damages may be considerable. Those of use whose research demonstrates that resource-conserving farming practice can be just as productive as the chemical-intensive kind contend that the goal should be efficient use of chemicals, not wide use. How would the author of text 2 likely respond to the underlined statement in Text 1? ‘A)_ Arguing that industrialized nations pose a greater threat tothe environment than do developing nations. 8) Arguing that market forces may help the world's food supply to grow in proportion to demand ©) Arguing that many fertilizers are organic substances that produce no ill effects in humans D) Arguing that agricultural chemicals can be used on a small scale and stil significantly improve crop i) Snow crystals are individual crystals usually in a hexagonal form while snowflakes are collections of two or more snow crystals, Beginning as condensed water vapor, a crystal typically grows around a nucleus of dust. Its shape depends on how the six side facets or faces grow in relation to the top and bottom facets. If they grow relatively tall, the crystal appears colummike; if the side facets are short compared to the length of the bottom and top facets, the crystal looks platelike. ‘According to the text, how do snowflakes differ from snow crystals?A). Snowflakes grow around a nucleus of dust. B) Snowflakes combine to form snow crystals ©) Snowflakes grow in relation to top and bottom facets. D)_ Snowflakes are composed of more than one crystal, —_—_— Having discovered much of my favorite music though LPs and CDs, I am not about to join the lamenting party. Modern urban environments are often so soulless or ugly that Im grateful for the humanizing touch of electronic sound. But neither can I accept Gould's slashing futurism. I want to be aware of technology's effects, positive and negative, I want a pragmatic theory that mediates between live performance and reproduction, without either apocalyptic screeching or corporate hype. Fortunately, scholars and critics have been methodically exploring this terrain for many decades, trying to figure out exactly what happens when we listen to music with no musicians in the room. They have reached no unshakable conclusions, but they give Us most of the conceptual tools we need in order to listen with the alertness and the ambivalence that this magical medium demands. According to the text, what does the author primarily seek to do? 1A) Acknowledge an error 8) Satirize a viewpoint ©) Question a development D) Find a middle ground a This tet is adapted from A Practical Treatise onthe Hive and HoneyBee by Lorenzo Loraine Langstroth (1857 ed) 1 should feel but litle confidence in being able to reinstate bee-keeping in our country into a certain and profitable pursuit if 1 could not show the apiarian in what way he can safely bid defiance to the pestiferous assaults of this, his most implacable enemy. I have patiently studied its habits for years, and I am at length able to announce a system of management founded upon the peculiar construction of my hives, which will enable the careful bee-keeper to protect his colonies against the monster. The bee-moth infects our aplaries, just as weeds take possession of a fertile soil. Before explaining the means upon which I rely to circumvent the moth, Iwill first give a brief description of its habits. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?A) 8) ° D) ‘The author has come up with a method for stopping some of the destruction of the bee-moth, which he will share later in the book, = There is no point trying to devise ways to save bee-keeping from the moth, and the author thinks that any advice he gives will be of little consequence. Several people have recommended methods to prevent the attacks of the bee-moth and the author will share them, The author is uncertain as to the future of bee-keeping until a pesticide is created to kill the bee-moth. Since the passage of the state's Clean Air Act ten years ago, the level of industrial pollutants in the air has fallen by an average of 18 percent. This suggests that the restrictions on industry embodied in the act have worked effectively. However, during the same period the state has also suffered through a period of economic decline. The number of businesses in the state has fallen by 10 percent, and the number of workers employed has fallen by 12 percent. [tis probable that business decline, rather than the regulations in the act, is responsible for at least half of the decline in the pollution. Which finding, iftrue, would most directly weaken the conclusion drawn in the text above? a 8) ° >) During the last years, economic conditions in the nation as a whole have been worse than those within the state, ‘Amendments to the Clean Air Act that were enacted six years ago have substantially strengthened its restrictions on industrial air pollution. Of the businesses that ceased operating in the state during the last ten years, only 5 percent were engaged in air-polluting inc stries, Several large corporations left the state during the last ten years partly in order to avoid compliance with the Clean Air Act. Tercent Responses fo he Statement, “Lam in favor ofa in. comsnualt that allows fr the ownership of chickens” | in Select American Cites(203) | Dewer | _tasAngeks | Wiami | NewYak | AUlciies | Songly Agree 261 15, 1a ag 169) agree 2a 1A 126) Ba 157, Stighiy Agee 12a) ia mn 126) ia Stghuy Disagree a a 35 7a 7 Disagree ios aa aa) iss | ase [Scconaly Disanree aia) 362 a0 ses [sus Source US: Department of Aricaltare, Animal and Pont Health Inspection ServicesA surprising number of urban citizens are in favor of allowing the ownership of chickens within city limits In a 2013 government survey, of those urban citizens surveyed from around the country said that they were at least somewhat in agreement with the statement “I would be in favor of a law in my community that allows for the ownership of chickens." It seems likely, then, that more cities will start to ratify more open urban farming laws. Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example? A) over two-thirds 8) slightly less than swo-thirds ©) slightly more than half D)_ well over one-third Relative Size Ratios of Different Brain Regions to Brain Stem in Selected Bird Species, 71 BH byperpalliom SL © mesopaltiam | Wi nicopatium Relative size ratio (brain region:hrain stem) 1 pheasant house European carrion iparrow jay crow fH moncorvide—+| | —corvids—| ‘Adaptec rom Nathan J Emery and Nccla 5, Clayton, The Mentaty of rot:Comergert Fuolutan ofletligenes fm Cont and Apes" 1 2004 American Astor fr the Advancement of Sens A study by Nathan J. Emery and Nicola S. Clayton shows the relative prominence of the nidopallium in corvids, Comparing the relative size ratios of different regions of the palliur (hyperpallium, mesopallium, and nidopallium) to the brain stem in various bird species, these researchers found that the relative size ratio of nidopallium to brain stem By comparison, the relative size ratios of nidopallium to brain stem in house sparrows and pheasants are approximately 3.75:1 and 1.8:1, respectively. If the nidopallium truly is thesource of cognition in birds, then the relatively large ratio of nidopallium to brain stem in corvids helps explain Why their cognitive ability 's higher than that of other bird species. Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text? A) in ‘opean jays is approximately 7.5:1 8) European jays is approximately 1.5:1 ©) carrion crows is approximately 4.5:1 D)_ carrion crows is approximately 7.5:1 Blood Flow Index Q, (mm*) 10 10° 10° t0* 10° 10° 107 10" 49 109 1009 thy 10kg 100Kg tt 10% f008 Professor Roger Seymour from the University’s School of Earth & Environment Sciences has applied the latest theories of human and animal anatomy and physiology to provide insight into the lives of dinosaurs. Human thigh bones have tiny holes - known as the “nutrient foramen’ - 0 shaft that supply blood to living bone cells inside, New research has shown that the size of those holes is related to the maximum rate that a person can be active during aerobic exercise. Professor Seymour has used this principle to evaluate the activity levels of dinosaurs. He claimed that dinosaurs were warm-blooded and highly active. Which choice most effectively uses the data from the graph to support Seymour's claim? A). Dinosaurs’ foramen size was larger than that of the largest mammals. B)_Dinosaurs had even higher metabolic rates than animals known to be warm-blooded. aaa ©) Dinosaurs had lower blood flow than reptiles. D)_ Only minimal changes in metabolic rate between small and large dinosaurs.Racetrack Playa Average vs. Maximum Wind Speed ‘Average Wind Speed | Peak Wind Speed {miles/hour) {miles/hour) 2008 November | 20 oF December [19 72 January | 21 78 February [23 2 March | 25 7 2009) November | 19 December [21 Tanuary [20 7 February | 2 <0 March [24 39 One theory holds that the rocks are blown along by powerful winds. Another posits that the wind pushes thin sheets of ice, created when the desert's temperatures dip low enough to freeze water from a rare rainstorm, and. the rocks go along for the ride. But neither theory is rock solid. Winds at the playa aren't strong enough: some ‘scientists believe that they'd have to be 100 miles per hour ar more to blow the rocks across the valley. And rocks subject to the “ice sailing theor wouldn't create trails as they moved. Wihich choice best describes the data from the table to support the underlined statement? 1A). The winds at Racetrack Playa’ highest speed was 92 mph 8) Peak wind speeds in 2009 were higher in every month than they were in 2008 ©) The windiest months at Racetrack Playa were February and March. D)_ The lowest peak wind speed occurred in November Sales campaigns aimed at the faltering personal computer market have strongly emphasized ease of use, called User-friendliness. This emphasis is oddly premature and irrelevant in the eyes of most potential buyers, who are trying to address the logically prior issue of whether. Which choice most logically completes the text? A). user-friendliness also implies that owners can service their own computers. B) personal computers cost more the more user-friendly they are©) currently available models are user-friendly enough to suit them D)_ they have enough sensible uses for a personal computer to justify the expense of buying one =m You will probably never find his name in a history book, but to this day, Walker Lee continues to contribut ‘American heritage. Walker Lee is an old-fashioned, modern-day blacksmith the fine art of manipulating over a hot fire. In his words, “Blacksmithing is no dying art!” Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) who still practices B) who still continues to practice ©) who continues to stil practice D)_ who practices still Walker Lee __ his career in hand-forged ironwork at the age of 20. The idea of creating an object out of iron, @ most intractable material, appealed to him. He started on this new venture by collecting and reading every book he could find that described the process of blacksmithing: its history, its practical and decorative uses, and the equipment needed to establish and outfit his own smithy. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) had began 8) had begun 0 be D) Began ‘As my sister began telling me about the scorpion in her bed that stung her as she feel my eyes popping out of my head and my jaw dropping to the floor She seemed so calm telling me this story, and all I could think about was how she is lucky to be alive. Which choice completes the text so that itconforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) slumbered, 1cou/dmm 8) slumbered could ©) stumbered could D)_ slumbered, I could,"a If you have ever entered a contest of any sort, you are In 1896, a contest motivated Norwegian immigrant, well aware of the legal requirements, exclusions, and Helga Estby, to travel nearly ____from the state of disclaimers that always accompany the contests entry Washington to New York City. Unfortunately, as is still form. Many laws today regulate a contest sponsor's sometimes true, Helga won the competition only to responsibilities to the entrants, and courts are filed find that the promised $10,000 award was mysteriously with fon both sides. However, this was not absent. always the case Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to Which choice completes the text so that it conforms tothe conventions of Standard English? the conventions of Standard English? A) 3,500 miles on foot Mm A). lawsuits asserting with non-compliance B) on foot, 3,500 miles B) lawsuits asserting non-compliance mm ©) 3,500 miles on feet )_ lawsuits of non-compliance asserting D)_ 3,500 miles per foot D)_non-compliance lawsuits asserting Traveling across time Via airplane, can be very disconcerting to the human body, both physically and, mentally. When you “gain” or “lose” time going from Point A to Point B, a condition called desynchronosis, commonly known as jet lag, likely affects you in some form. Jet lag is medically considered a sleeping disorder, although itis normally a temporary condition and not as serious as other sleeping dysfunctions. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A). zones particularly 8) zone; particularly ©) zone, particularly, D) zone, particular! am Some symptoms of jet lag include excessive daytime sleepiness or some level of insomnia at night, changes in appetite and/or digestion, moodiness, and dificuly concentrating people will also experience headaches, dry sinuses, earaches, and bloating, However, these symptoms are more likely attributable to the conditions ofthe airplane cabin, which has a very dry, pressurized atmosphere, and are not symptomatic ofjetiag,Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? '8)_ Often after traveling on a plane for long periods, mm 8) Often, after doing alot of traveling on a plane for long periods ©) Alter traveling for long periods on a plane sometimes D)_ Traveling for long periods on a plane Why is it that we are so completely obsessed with the hair on our heads? Millions of dollars are spent each year fon cutting half, lengthening hal, bleaching hal, straightening hal, curling hal, highlighting hair, and even growing halt; whatever you can do to halt, someone is wiling to pay to do it, Natural redheads long to be brunettes and dishwater blondes dream of shiny golden tresses. Both men and women cringe at the sight of each gray hair, ___ teenagers enjoy weekly experiments with magenta dyes, spikes, and tangerine streaks. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) so B) however © yet D) and The term “circadian” originates from the Latin circa, meaning “about,” and diem or “day.” Circadian chythms refer to a variety of dally bodily functions such as temperature changes, sleep patterns, and digestive functions. Normally, the body operates on a 24-hour time period that coincides with the earths 24-hour cycle of night and day, The human body generally alls into a routine of sleeping and waking, during which regular changes in body temperature, breathing, and digestion take place. ___ mast of our inner clocks cause more sleepiness from 3:00 p.m, to 5:00 pum. and again from 3:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m, Body temperature usually rises as the day goes on, quickly drops around midnight, and then begins the cycle of rising again just before 6:00 a.m. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) Inaddition, B) Likewise, ©) Instead, D) For examplemmmmThe Straits of Mackinac, located between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan, divide Michigan's Upper and Lower Peninsulas, Native Americans in the former wilderness territory knew how to paddle between several islands to make their way across the Straits. Settles in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries crossed. the Straits by ferry. However, ferries soon proved to be costly in both lives and money. the Michigan Legislature had begun discussing the idea of building a bridge to span the Strait noting the success of the newly-built Brooklyn Bridge. Wihich choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) bythe 1880s 8) Giving up by the 1880s ©) Unt the 18808 D) In terms of the 18805, Predicting volcanic eruptions is not an exact science, and only within the briefest geological moment can people receive warning to evacuate. Through studying the earths vibrations, physical deformation, and gas emissions, geologists in recent decades have made several excellent predictions of voleanic eruption, at the Philippines’ Mount Pinatubo in 1981 and Popocatépetl outside Mexico City in 2000, Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? a) asif 8) most notably mm © ypically D) characteristicaly While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Plelades star cluster as hav seven stars. # Itwas referred to as the Seven Sisters in the mythology of ancient Greece. * Today, the cluster appears to have only six stars. # Two of the stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one. The student wants to specify the reason the Pleiades’ appearance changed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes t accomplish this goal? A). Ancient Native American and Australian Aboriginal cultures described the Pleiades, which was referred to in Greek mythology as the Seven Sisters, as having seven stars. B) Although once referred to as the Seven Sisters, the Pleiades appears to have only six stars today.©) In the time since ancient cultures described the Pleiades as having seven stars, two of the cluster’s stars have moved so close together that they now appear as one, = D)_ The Pleiades has seven stars, but two are so close together that they appear to be a single star Wiile researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: + Las sergas de Esplandién was a novel popular in siteenth-century Spain, # The novel featured a fictional sland inhabited solely by Black women and known as California, + That same century, Spanish explorers learned of an “sland” off the west coast of Mexico. ¢ They called i California after the island in the novel. +The “island” was actually the peninsula now known as Baja California ("Lower California’), which ies the south of the US state of California The student wants to emphasize the role a misconception played in the naming of a place. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A). The novel Las sergas de Esplandin featured a fictional island known as California. B) To the south of the US ate of California lies Baja California ("Lower California’, originally called California after a fictional place. ©) In the sixteenth century, Spanish explorers learned of a peninsula off the west coast of Mexico and called i California D)_ Thinking it was an island, Spanish explorers called @ peninsula California after an island in a popular nove STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module in the test.1 feoduld 4 ] Reading and Wi 27 QUESTIONS Boot The questions in this section address @ number of Important reading and writing skills. Each ‘question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices. Each question has a single best answer a Adapted from “Emerson's Prose Works" in The Works of Orestes A. Brownson: Philosophy of Religion by Oretes Brownson (ed. 1883) Mr. Emerson's literary reputation is established and placed beyond the reach of criticism. No livin writer surpasses him in his mastery of pure and classic English; nor does any equal him neither in the exquisite delicacy and finish of his chiseled sentences, nor in the metallic ring of his style. It is only as a thinker and teacher that we can venture any inquiry into his merits, and as such, we cannot suffer ourselves to be imposed upon by his oracular manner, not by the apparent originality either of his views or his expressions. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) feel 8) allow ©) pain D) destroy a The execrable state of the city’s public schools certainly demands immediate attention, but itis important that four remedies be thoughtful and comprehensive, While appropriate measures of teacher performance and subsequent accountability will undoubtedly play a vital role in revitalizing our schools, it would be an error to neglect the many other factors at play, factors as widely divergent as the system's deteriorating physical capitalland students’ home lives. Even the most talented teachers are challenged, for example, to of an unstable abusive home environment on a student's ability to learn, Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) terminate the ability, B) mitigate the effets ©) exacerbate the influence D)_ worsen the consequence The so-called leves’ cant” was a clandestine language created by thieves, beggars, and swindlers in England in the 1530s to allow them to communicate without the authorities knowing what was going on. Although the cant was widely used by criminal subcultures five hundred years ago, itis now mostly tterature found only in and. fantasy role-playing games. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) obsolete 8) pervasive ©) contemporary D) eccentric For some time, sclentists refused to believe that Earths continents are made of moving tectonic plates Physicists, who could not devise a theory to explain the now-accepted process, rejected the theory outright, did geologists, who were far too dogmatic in their As part of Marina Abramoviés groundbreaking exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the artist herself logged 700 hours over the course cof 3 months in a small chait Visitors were invited to sit across from the artist's performance stolid countenance, for whatever they desired, the irresolute sitting for only a few moments and the bold sitting for several hours; the visitors thus became integral components of the piece, wittingly or unwittingly. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? A) motive 8) tenure © approbation D) nuance Sarah Grand’s short story, “The Tenor and the Boy" was a nascent account of her popular novel The Heavenly Twins, for it was published years before the novel was completed. Unlike the novel's characters, who werethinking, thereby the advancement of science drawn in rich detail, the short story contained mere for a time, caricatures, Which choice completes the text with the most logical Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase? and precise word or phrase? A) checkingimmy A) fractious B) limning 8) dynamic )_asseverating © unbedizened D)_ volatile D)_ parochial a a The Mower to the Glowworms The following is an excerpt from Agnes Grey, an Ye living lamps, by whose dear light autobiographical novel by Anne Bronte that follows the lite of 2 governess working in wealthy Srtish The nightingale does sit so late, households in the 19th century. ‘And studying all the summer night, 1 particularly remember one wild, snowy afternoon, Her matchless songs does meditate; Pp ¥ ey soon after my return in January: the children had all come up from dinner, loudly declaring that they meant Ye country comets, that portend P ¥ 3 y ‘to be naughty’ and they had well kept their resolution, No war no prince's funeral though I had talked myself hoarse, and wearied ever Shining unto no higher end 3 » % muscle in my throat, in the vain attempt to reason Than to presage the grass’ fal; them out of it, I had got Tom pinned up in a corner, whence, | told him, he should not escape till he had Ye glowworms, whose officious flame done his appointed task. To wandering mowers shows the way, That in the night have lost their aim, ‘As used in the text, what does the word “vain” most ‘And after foolish fires do stray; nearly mean? Your courteous lights in vain you waste, A) successful Since Juliana here is come, 8) conceited For she my mind hath so displaced © exceptional That I shall never find my home. °) futile (1650){As used in the text, what does the word “officious” most nearly mean? A) Helpful 8) Dim ©) Bureaucratic D) Meddlesome EE Together with his colleagues, Damian Blasi of the University of Zurich analyzed lists of words from 4,298 different languages. In doing so, they discovered that Unrelated languages often use the same sounds to refer to the same meaning. However, one limitation of the study is the relatively small number of meanings that were included in the analys's, Despite the diversity cof meanings, the typical word lst cantained only 28 to 40 items, Another limitation concerns the transcription system, which collapsed certain distinctions (such as that between plain and nasal vowels, which are found in French words lke non) that are known to play an important role in many languages. Based on the passage, what could Blasi do to address a weakness that has been identified in his study? A). Use a transcription system that isless sensitive to variations in pronunciation B) Explain why some languages are exceptions to the observed associations ©) Include languages from a more geographically diverse range of cultures Yee do I marvelis a 1925 sonnet by Countee Cullen, The sonnet deals with the awesome and awful power of God in relation to the challenging lives of humans and animals. Inthe poem, the speaker implied that he sees his poetic talent as one of God's inexplicable decisions. Which quotation from the poem most effectively illustrates the claim? A) “Yet do I marvel at this curious thing/To make a poet black, and bid him sing!” mmm B) “I doubt not God is good, well-meaning, kindAnd did He stoop to quibble could tell why’ ©) "Why flesh that mirrors Him must some day die,/Make plain the reason tortured Tantalus” D) "If merely brute caprice dooms Sisyphus/To struggle up a never-ending stait” D) Examine amore extensive ist of Words mmmMy Last Duchess is a dramatic monologue written by Vietorian poet Robert Browning in 1842 This poem is loosely based on historical events involving Alfonso, the Duke of Ferrara, who lived in the ‘6th century, The Duke isthe speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke's marriage (he has recently been widowed) to the daughter of another powerful family The poem demonstrates that the Duke thinks of himself as reasonable when he asks for dowry because he knows about the Count’s wealth and generosity. Which quotation from the poem most effectively llustrates the claim? 8) —Een then would be some stooping; and 1 choose/Never to stoop. Oh, siz she smiled, no doubt /Wheneer T passed her; but who passed without/Much the same smile?” 8) “wl repeat/ The Count your master’s known munificence/ Is ample warrant that no just pretense/ Of mine for dowry will be iv, — © ‘uShe thanked men good! but thanked/Somehow I know not how as if she ranked/My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name/With anybody's gift” D) “A heart how shall I say? too soon made glad/Too easily impressed; she tked whateter/She looked on, and her looks went ‘everywhere/Sir, twas all one!” People buy prestige when they buy a premium product. They want to be associated with something special. Mass-marketing and techniques price-reduction strategies should not be used _ because Which choice most logically completes the text? |) affluent purchasers currently represent a shrinking portion of the population of all purchasers 8) Continued sales depend directly on the maintenance of an aura of exclusivity. a © Purchasers of premium products are concerned with the quality as well as with the price of the products. D) Expansion of the market niche to include a broader spectrum of consumers will increase profitsEE At a recent conference on environmental threats to the Established companies concentrate on defending what North Sea, most participating countries favored they already have. Consequently, they tend not to be Uniform controls on the quality of effluents, whether or innovative themselves and tend to underestimate the not specific environmental damage could be attributed effects of the innovations of others. The clearest {0 a particular source of effluent. What must, of course, example of this defensive strategy is the fact that be shown, in order to avoid excessively restrictive controls is that Which choice most logically completes the text? Which choice most logically completes the text? ‘A) ballpoint pens and. softtip markers have A) any uniform controls that are adopted are climinated the traditional market for fountain likely to be implemented without dela pens, clearing the way for the marketing of ¥ " ¥ 8) any substance to be made subject to controls fountain pens as luxury or prestige items. can actually cause environmental damage. 8) a highy successful automobile was introduced ©) the countries favoring uniform controls are ay the same company that had earlier those generating the largest quantities of introduced @ model that had been a dismal effluents failure D) all of any given pollutant that is to be IC) a once-successful manufacturer of slide rules y pe controled actually reaches the North Sea at reacted to the introduction of electronic present 1 slide rues. caleulators by trying to make b D) the inventor of a commonly used anesthetic id not intend the product to be used by dentists, who currently account for almost the entire market for that drug. The more worried investors are about losing their memory, the more they will demand a high potential return on their investment; great risks must be offset by the chance of great rewards. This principle is the fundamental one in determining interest rates, and itis illustrated by the fact that Which choice most logically completes the text? A) successful investors are distinguished by an ability to make very risky Investments without worrying about thelr money.B) lenders receive higher interest rates on unsecured loans than on loans backed by collateral, mmm ©) in times of high inflation, the interest paid to depositors by banks can actually be below the rate of inflation )_at any one time, a commercial bank will have a single rate of interest that it will expect all of its individual borrowers to pay. People who choose to use a personal computer to connect to the Internet should know the risks that this poses. Most computer users have some experience with slow computers, unexplainable program crashes, and indecipherable warnings about missing system files. These same computer users are more likely to_ these problems get too bad to manage. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) wait, until 8) wait, until, ©) wait until, D) waitunt! Unlike a computer virus, a spyware program is not purely malicious. The developer of the spyware program stands to gain from installing it on your computer, often just in information, but usually financially, too. These programs may monitor your online activity and track your keystrokes and buying habits. This data is sold to marketing agencies for demographic research, and to move unscrupulous firms that will bombard you with email solicitations and sales calls. Not all has legitimate commerce behind it. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) spyware; however 8) spyware, however, mmm ©). spyware, however D)_ spyware howeverGood web surfing habits are essential, too. Avoid web sites you don trust. Don't buy anything online from a store with no physical address, Never go online without a firewall and active virus and spyware protection. Remember that a computer is just a machine. If you turn it on and never touch___ will likely remain fast and reliable. Its generally what the user does to the computer that affects it Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? *) 1 8 it ©. ie white ie D) git, My best friend Mike is notorious for ignoring many of the modern conveniences that most people could not lve anything than sit at a computer to type. He insists that it would be too much trouble to learn all of the functions on 3 word-processing program. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? 'A)_ without he'd sooner handwrite 8) without, he'd sooner handwrite ©) without sooner handwriting )_ without. Hed sooner handwrite Many forms of music have originated in the United States, thanks in large part to the nation’s rich ethnic diversity Characterized both by its distinctive African-American syncopation and conservative European classical structure, ragtime in its heyday from 1900 to 1918 was enjoyed by people ofall races and ethnicities. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) It is ragtime that is one form of American music. 8) Known as ragtime, itis one form of American ©) Ragtime is one such form of American music, mmm D)_ Being one form of American music is ragtime.Ragtime grew from the marches and jigs popular in the Northern Black communities of the late 19th century. Historians consider 1897 the beginning of mature ragtime, A “rag” can have varied usually itis written for piano. Ragtime songs have a vocal part, but much of the music makes the piano center stage Predating recorded music, ragtime was distributed almost exclusively as sheet music, which was performed by amateur pianists in homes and cafés around the country. For this reason, many consider ragtime to be a form of classical music. Wihich choice completes the text so that itconforms to the conventions of Standard English? ‘8)_ instrumentation; but 8) instrumentation but ©) instrumentation, but D)_ instrumentation Within minutes of their arrival, one of them reached for the television remote and punched in a channel Alerted by the sound of static from the TV, Mike realized immediately what was happening: the first game of the playoffs was on and he didn't have cable service! asserts he has no desire to have more than a few channels to flip through, but 1 imagine at that moment on Friday evening, he had wished for cable service, Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? Today, Joplin is the most famous figure in ragtime history. He first showed great musical potential at a young age, and when his family moved to a new home in Texas, his mother worked long hours to earn enough ‘money to buy a piano for him. His abilities were noticed by a German piano teacher gave Joplin free lessons and instilled in him good classical technique. Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) he ®) who © whom D) that. To help my friend, I said T would look into cable service for him. I spoke to a sales agent with the cable company about the different packages of channels available to someone living in Mike's apartment building, She started by describing the most premium package, I quickly interrupted her to say she should begin with the cheapest offer She insisted that the premium package was amazing, with many extra sports and movie channels. Which choice completes the text with the mast logical transition?A) Therefore, he 8) ° >) Understanding the mechanisms of the earth’ interior and continuing to study volcanoes will advance the development of reliable early warning systems for dangerous eruptions. Volcanoes are both feared and revered for their beauty and awesome destructive Wihich choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A) but 8) seemingly ©. when >) and A) 5° mm B) because © due to the fact that D) since Geologic processes are slow, research must include the study of ancient human accounts of eruptions and layers of rock millions of years old. In general, eruptions seem to occur every several hundred or even thousand years, and many voleances, seem to be completely dormant, that is, unlikely to erupt soon. Which choice completes the text with the mast logical transition? A) while 8) but © $m D) although While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: © In 1851, German American artist Emanuel Leutze painted Washington Crossing the Delaware. ‘¢ His huge painting (149 x 255 inches) depicts the first US president crossing a river with soldiers in the Revolutionary War. © In 2019, Cree artist Kent Monkman painted mistikésiwak (Wooden Boat People): Resurgence of the People, ‘¢ Monkman’s huge pain 1g (132 264 inches) was inspired by Leutze’s. ‘© Itportrays Indigenous people in a boat rescuing refugees. The student war relevant information from the notes to emphasize a similarity between the two paintings. Which choice most effectively uses accomplish this goal?A 8) ° D) Monkman, a Cree arts, finished his painting in 2019; Leutze, a German American artist, completed his in 1851 Although Monkman’s painting was inspired by Leutze’s, the people and actions the two paintings portray are very different, Leutze's and Monkman’s paintings are both huge, measuring 149 x 255 inches and 132 x 264 inches, respectively, Leulze’s painting depicts Revolutionary War soldiers, while Monkman's depicts Indigenous people and refugees. STOP If you finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do not turn to any other module in the test.2 Module 2] Math 22 QUESTIONS The questions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is +The domain of a given function fis the set of al real numbers x for which f{x)is a real number. foo t he ih o| re & b a “3 Ana? Ant AaBOh — PaaBeB? Speci Right Tangles Cota LY The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360, The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2n. The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.2 Module For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem, choose the correct answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book. Circle only one answer for each question. Ifyou change your mind, completely erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled. For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described below. ‘nce you've written your answer, circle it clearly, You will not receive credit for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more than one circled answer. Ifyou find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one answer Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to 6 characters (including the negative sign) for a negative answer, but no more. If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for positive, 6 characters for negative), write the decimal equivalent, If your answer is a decimal thats too long (over S characters for postive, 6 characters for negative), truncate itor round at the Fourth gigit If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3%: 2), write it as an improper fraction (7/2) or its decimal equivalent (3.5) Dor't include symbols such as @ percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in your circled 2What is the slope of the line with equation kellyis a salesperson at a car dealership. Each month, den 2y= 1? her total earnings include a base salary of $2,500 plus a bonus for each car she sells. Which of the following equations can be used to determine Kellys per-car bonus b, in dollars, for a month in which her total earnings were $6,000 and she sold 20 cars? A) 2,500 + 20 + b = 6,000 8) 2,500 + 20b = 6,000 ©) 6,000 + 20b = 2,500 D) 6,000 + 20 + b= 2,500 Guy — 2wz + 3xy xz xty= The expression above can be written in the form wry a2 (aw + 2)(by ~ 2), where a and bare constants, What is The ordered pair (x,)) satisfies the system of equations the value ofa +b? above, What is the value of x? ad as B) 3 8) 3 os a5 Dd) 9 Dd) 9 If 5k + 15 = 35, whats the value of 1082 If 12x + 4 = 20, whats the value of 6x + 5? n4 QB 8) 10 8) 6 9 4 9 10 D) 100 D) 4A system of one linear and one quadratic equation is graphed in the xy-plane above. How many solutions does the system of equations have? A) None B) One ©) Two D) More than two What value of x satisfies the equation above? cw) 850 + 5(x ~ 500) The total cost C(a, in dollars, to produce x units of a certain product can be eliminated using the equation above, where 500 < x < 2000, According to the equation, what is the estimated total cost, in dollars, to produce 690 Units of this product? (Disregard the $ sign when gridding your answer. For example, if your answer is $987.00, grid 987)h 5 10 Number of hours traneled The graoh above models the number of gallons, g, of gasoline remaining in the gas tank of a golf cart after traveling k hours, Which ofthe following is an equation ofthis graph? A) g=Sh410 2) g=-10h +5 © g=-5h >) g= Which of the following values of x satisfies the equation above? L412 4 m 4 4) only 8) only © Tand tt only D) Wand itt onlyA Note: Figure not drawn to scale. Inthe figure above, 2D, BE, and GF all intersect at point G. Which ofthe following must be equivalent oz? ny xty 8) 10-@+y) Q 180 =x D) 160 = y Gx 42° - G+ 59) 4 4 ax-1=0 Which of the following is equivalent te expression What are the solutions to the equation above? above? Ay rae A) ise +17 +4 B) 15x + 7x44 ©) a+ ime D) a+ 7x44o In the zxy-plane above, line ¢ passes through the origin and has a slope of ©. What isthe value of 2? y=@- Oe» In the equation above, a and b are constants and a + b. The graph of the equation in the sy-plane is a parabola. What must represent? 1A). The xoordinate of the vertex ofthe parabola 8) The y-coordinate of the vertex ofthe parabola © The x) reo 10 At the end of its mission, the cosmic dust collector from NASAS Stardust probe was parachuted back to Earth for examination. Scientists searching for interstellar dust particles in the collector cataloged the following results. Description of Number of dust particle dust particles (Orientation inconsistent ‘with interstellar dust 46 trajectories Fragment from dust collector cover ° (Could not be analyzed 1 Set aside fr future study 2 Possibility of interstellar 5 origin Total 7 Which of the following Is closest to the percent of the total number of dust particles that either had orientations inconsistent with interstellar dust trajectories or were fragments from the dust collector cover? Ay 13%8) 55% ©) 65% 2) 77% Each row of the table above gives a pair of values for the variables x and y. There is a linear relationship. between x and y. Which of the following graphs could represent the relationship? A)For the function g defined by g(x) = x* + 2x + b, what must b represent? A) The minimum value of g 8) The maximum value of g ©) The xintercept of the graph of g in the xy-plane D) The -intercept of the graph of gin the xy-plane @ Material | Maintenance | Cost to produce| Selling price cost per day | each figurine | per figurine Softwood $5 $4 $10 Hardwood | $10 $5 $12 Clay $20 $3 $9 The table above shows the costs for a sculptor to make figurines out of various materials. The maintenance cost is the cost to keep the tools needed to work with the corresponding material in good condition. The sculptor makes figurines from only one material each day to keep this cost low. The profit from selling the figurines is equal to the total selling price for the figurines minus both the cost to produce them and the The sculptor makes and sells f softwood figurines in a single day. One that day, what is the profit p, In dollars, in terms of f? A pa544f 8) p=of-5 © p=10f D) pauses Material | Maintenance | Cost to produce Selling price cost per day | each figurine | per figurine Softwood $5 $4 $10 Hardwood $10 $5 $12 Clay $20 $3 $9The table above shows the costs for a sculptor to make figurines out of various materials. The maintenance cost Is the cost to keep the tools needed to work with the corresponding material in good condition. The sculptor makes figurines from only one material each day to Keep this cost low. The profit from selling the figurines is equal to the total selling price for the figurines minus both the cost to produce them and the maintenance cost. ‘The sculptor also makes stone carvings. The profit», from making and selling c stone carvings in one day is, siven by the equation p = 7c ~ 40. Which ofthe following is the best interpretation of 7 in the context of the problem? '8)_ The amount of increased profit for every carving sold 8) The number of carvings that need to be sold to have a 40-dolla profit ©) The cost per day to maintain the stone-carving tools D)_The number of carvings that need to be sold to increase profit by one dollar Material. | Maintenance | Cost to produce | Selling price cost per day | each figurine | per figurine Softwood $5 $4 $10 Hardwood | $10 $5 $12 Clay $20 $3 $9 ‘The table above shows the costs for a sculptor to make figurines out of various materials. The maintenance cost Is the cost to keep the tools needed to work with the corresponding material in good condition. The sculptor makes figurines from only one material each day to keep this cost low. The profit from selling the figurines is equal to the total selling price for the figurines minus both the cost to produce them and the Next week, the sculptor wants to have a profit of at least $125, and she will spend 5 days making only clay figurines. Assuming all the figurines that are made will be sold, what is the minimum number of cay figurines the sculptor should make to reach this goal? A) 14 figurines 8) 21 figurines ©. 38 figurines ) 75 figurinesA certain car travels at a constant speed of 40 miles per hour. At this speed, the car can travel a distance of 25 miles for each gallon of fuel are used. How many gallons of fuel are used when car travels at this speed for 75 minutes? Lewis and Clack Expedition Lewis and Clark expedition to the Pacific Ocean from Missouri began in May of 1804, The graph above shows thelr distance traveled, in miles, for 18 months. Assuming a constant rate of travel between each consecutive pair of the five specific points shown, consisting of their starting point and four other points, which of the following statements Is NOT consistent with the graph? A) Lewis and Clark stopped for a period of 5 months. The equation above is satisfied by which of the following values of x? 1 0 m + A Lonly 8) Monly ©) only D) Land lt only If Eli bikes at a constant speed of 15 feet per second, which of the following is closest to how many miles he will bike in 2 hours? (1 mil 280 feet; 1 hour 60 minutes; 1 minute = 60 seconds) A) 03 B) 102 oO 19 D) 205 o ‘Arroom in the shape of aright re ingular prism is 3 meters high and 1.5 times as long as itis wide. If the volume of the room is 4.52 cubic meters, what could x represent? A). The length of the room, in meters 8) The width ofthe room, in meters. )_ The perimeter of the rooms floor, in meters. D) The area of the room's floor in square meters8) At the end of every 2-month period, Lewis and Clark had increased thelr distance from the prior 2-month period's stopping point. ©) OF all 2-month periods Lewis and Clark traveled the fastest in the last 2 months. D) In the first 6 months of their expedition. Lewis and Clark traveled less than 1.600 miles. Class size | Number of classes 23 1 a b 28 29 30 31 wlalalr Note: Figure not drawn to scale. The table above shows the aistibution of lass SzeS the figure above, the side with length c Is the for the 20 math classes at a nigh school, longest side of the triangle. If b = 6 and e = 13, What isthe mean math class size? A) 282 8) 285 © 294 D) 300 what is one possible integer value of a? STOP Ifyou finish before time is called, you may check your work on this module only. Do net turn to any other module in the test.