Cell separation by Batch

Filtration
AIM
• To filter the given slurry/cell suspension and to determine specific
cake resistance α and medium resistance Rm
Filtration is the conventional unit operation aimed at the separation of particulate matter.
Filtration is defined as the separation of solid in a slurry consisting of the solid and fluid by
passing the slurry through a septum called the filter medium

Why you
need a solid
liquid
separation in
industries?
Types of filtration
Types of filter
Surface filters
• Surface filters do not let the solids/contaminants enter
through the medium. They restrict them outside the
filter media.
• Surface filtration refers flow of fluid through to a layer
of material that restricts particles on the surface
• Over a period of time, the surface filter gets caked on
the outside with particles and restricts the flow beyond
acceptable limit. At this point the filtration surface has
to be cleaned and reused.
• Mechanical strength of the filter medium is less (with
the exception of filter medium made of stainless steel)
• Example : Pleated cartridge filter, cellulose filter
Depth Filters
• Depth filters trap all the contaminants, pollutants and
solids within the media.
• Depth filtration refers to a thicker layer of media/or
multiple layers that sets a torturous path for the
particles and restricts them from passing through
• Contaminants travel through the depth filter and get
trapped there, gradually the pores in the filter get
blocked and have to be cleaned using a reverse flow of
fluid or replaced by a new medium.
• Mechanical strength of filter medium is high
• Example: String wound filter, Ceramic filter and
Sintered filters
Principle
• The filter medium allows the fluid to pass through and retains the
solids. The separated solid called the filter cake forms a bed of
particles on the filter medium.
• The thickness of the cake increases from an initial value of zero to a
final thickness at the end of filtration.
• During filtration the filtrate passes first through the cake and then the
filter medium.
• The rate of filteration is defined as the volume of filtrate collected per
unit time per unit area of the filter medium. The resistance of the
medium is constant and is independent of the cake.
Materials required
• Cell suspension (Microalgae), filter paper, Buchner funnel/filter,
measuring cylinder, weighing balance
• Take 50 ml of cell suspension/CaCO3 and filter it through filter paper.
• Note down the volume of filtrate collected in measuring cylinder
every minute until the end of filtration.
• Calculate area of funnel.
• Plot the graph between At/Vvs V/A and find slope and intercept.
• From the values of slope and intercept calculate α and Rm
Recovery =( Initial conc. - final conc./Initial. conc.)*100
 Tabulation and calculation
Time Volume of filtrate Area (cm2) At/V (s/cm) V/A (cm)
(sec) collected (ml)

Darcy’s equation
Parameters for calculation
Diameter of filter disc = 4 cm
Concentration of microalgae = 400
mg/100 mL
After filtration = 298 mg/100 mL
Before filtration (CaCO3) = 5 g in
50 mL
y = mx+c
After filtration (CaCO3) = 4.55 g
Constants, Viscosity of the liquid = 1.2 cP
At/V m K1 = Kp Δp = 2 atm
K2 = B
µ - Viscosity of the liquid Rm – medium resistance
C = concertation of the solid (g/L) Δp – pressure difference (constant, atm)
V/A
α - specific cake resistance
 Result

The specific cake resistance (α) = ……………………………….

The medium resistance (Rm) =...................................
Recovery % of CaCO3 =..................................
Recovery % of Microalgae cell suspension = …………………………………..