2020-03-19 ETH BioDiv - Mission Report 1 EBI Needs Assessment - Final

March 2020
MISSION REPORT 1
ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL AND CAPACITY NEEDS OF
FOREST AND ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES DIRECTORATES OF
THE ETHIOPIAN BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE (EBI)
CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE

OF BIODIVERSITY IN PRIORITY
PROTECTED AREAS IN ETHIOPIA
Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA)

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Financed through KfW Development Bank

(BMZ Project Number: 2014 67 133)
Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA)
Senga Tera
YOBEK building, 9th floor
Addis Ababa
Ethiopia
Contact: Mr Kumara Wakjira GEMEDA

General Director
KfW German Development Bank

Palmengartenstrasse 5 - 9
60325 Frankfurt am Main
Germany
Contact: Mr Thomas H. WOLF

Project Manager
Consultant: GITEC-IGIP GmbH

Carlswerkstr. 13d
51063 Cologne
Germany
Contact: Mr Peter KEIL-BRUDER

Director, Department Natural Resources & Rural Development
Deliverable: Mission Report 1: Assessment of the Technical and Capacity Needs of the Forest and
Animal Genetic Resources Directorate of the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI)
Prepared by: Regassa Feyissa (Short-term EBI Needs Assessment Consultant)
Date: 19 March 2020

Consulting Services for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity
in Priority Protected Areas in Ethiopia GITEC-IGIP GmbH
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN STORING FOREST GENETIC
RESOURCES 2
2.1 The current status of forest genetic resources ex situ conservation at EBI 2
2.2 Laboratory equipment and personnel 3
2.3 Challenges with Facilities 4
2.4 Installation of a new seed drying room 5
2.5 Cold seed storage room 5
2.6 Seed germination test 5
2.7 Personnel 6
2.8 Staff training 7
2.9 Power supply 7
2.10 Working space 7
3 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCE
CONSERVATION 8
3.1 Techniques for animal genetic resources conservation by gene banks 8
3.2 Main objectives of conserving animal genetic resources 8
3.3 Current status of animal genetic resources conservation at EBI 9
3.4 Planned activities by Animal Genetic resources Directorate at EBI 9
3.4.1 Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) maintenance 9
3.4.2 Ex situ maintenance of genetic materials from animal genetic resources in the wild 10
3.5 Physical structures required for animal genetic resources gene banking 10
3.6 Space and facilities required for gene banks of different sizes 10
3.6.1 Small repositories 10
3.6.2 Medium-sized repositories 11
3.6.3 Large-sized repositories 11
3.7 Main equipment, materials and tools for animal genetic resources gene banking 11
3.8 Main qualified personnel essential for animal genetic resources gene banking 12
4 STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS 12
4.1 Forest genetic resource program 12
4.1.1 Technical 12
4.1.2 Links to local communities 13
4.1.3 Organizational issues 13
4.2 Animal genetic resource program 13
4.3 Equipment and facilities 14
4.4 Organization of activities 14
5 CONCLUSION 14
5.1 Results 14
5.2 Next steps 14
5.3 Forest and Rangeland Directorate 15
5.4 Animal Biodiversity Directorate 15
5.5 Collaboration 16
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ANNEXES
Annex 1: List of Forest Species Germplasm

Annex 2: Forage Germplasm maintained by the Forest Gene Bank
Annex 3: Medicinal Plants Germplasm maintained by Forest Gene Bank
Annex 4: List of Equipment for Forest Genetic Resources
Annex 5: List of Equipment and Materials for Animal Genetic Resources Program (EBI Proposal)
Annex 6: List of Equipment and some Suppliers
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1: Current status of forest germplasm collections at EBI 2

Table 2: Current status of medicinal plant germplasm collections at EBI 2
Table 3: Current status of forage germplasm collections at EBI 3
Table 4: Current laboratory equipment available at FGR Directorate 3
Table 5: Personnel at forest and rangeland gene bank 6
Figure 1: Malfunctioning units of the seed storage and seed drying rooms 4
Figure 2: Seed storage (-10°C) and seed drying room (< +20°C and 17-20% RH)
sharing the same compartment 4
Figure 3: Model of the seed drying chamber 5
Figure 4: Forest germplasm materials kept in crop gene bank facility 5
Figure 5: Design of the animal genetic resources laboratories under construction 9
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
CTA Chief Technical Advisor

EBI Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute
EWCA Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority
FC Financial Cooperation
GITEC-IGIP GITEC-IGIP GmbH, Cologne, Germany
IC International Consultant
KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (German Development Bank)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank and acknowledge colleagues for the support they provided me with and for
their contributions. I am grateful to Hailu Nugussei, a technician at the Forest and Rangeland
Biodiversity Directorate who had consistently been in place to arrange visits of laboratories and
other facilities including coordination with other staff members. I am also grateful to Abayneh, an
expert at the Forest and Rangeland Directorate, Abreham the Head of Animal Biodiversity
Directorate, Mengistu an expert at the Animal Directorate and Dr. Debisa, the Head of Forest and
Rangeland Biodiversity Directorate.
Last but not least, I am grateful to Dr Hugh Gibbon, Team leader/Chief Technical Advisor for German
FC for Conservation and Sustainable use of Biodiversity in Priority Protected Areas in Ethiopia for his
great support and ideas in the process of the technical assessment.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This mission report concludes the Assessment of the Technical and Capacity Needs of the Forest and
Animal Genetic Resources Directorate of the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) by a short-term EBI
Needs Assessment Expert (the Consultant). The Assessment was commissioned to scientifically and
technically assess the current and immediate infrastructure, equipment, and directly associated
capacity gaps in EBI for ex situ conservation work. The assessment was undertaken as activity of the
German FC-funded Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Priority Protected Areas
Project1 of which the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) is Project Executing Agency.
Implementation Support Consulting Services are provided by GITEC-IGIP GmbH (IC).
The role of EBI in the implementation of the Project is strengthening of ex situ conservation of
genetic materials of endangered, endemic and rare animals in the wild. This also involves the
strengthening of ex situ conservation of forest, alpine, rangeland, and animal genetic resources to
supplement the in situ conservation programs promoted by other partners to the project (i.e. EWCA).
One of the main aims of this assessment was to look into EBI’s forest and rangeland and animal
genetic resources conservation strategies and practices as identified by the Project; assess the
progress being made and identify the challenges being faced, as well as the capacity required to
effectively implement the set strategies. This includes procedures followed by the responsible
Directorate to implement the tasks suggested by the project, through facilities and equipment put in
place for this purpose, and the capacity of the available personnel (in number and training) to carry
out the tasks projected.
Hence, the assessment was focussed on the technical and capacity needs of these two out of the four
EBI directorates, i.e. on the Forest and Rangeland and the Animal Biodiversity Conservation
Directorate whereby the forest genetic resources program covers natural forests and vegetation in
the rangelands and in other ecologies including those that are within the protected areas and the
animal genetic resources program is designed to deal with livestock and wildlife.
Emphasis was on identifying the capacity and the technical needs, including the needs for upgrading
facilities such as seed drying room and cold chambers and the essential laboratory equipment and
materials that are necessary for the safe conservation of the collected and stored genetic materials.
According to the observation made, both Directorates are trying their best in performing their duties
regardless of shortcomings of facilities, unavailability of some necessary equipment, and with
limitation in space and qualified personnel to conduct routine technical activities at the level that is
needed.
At present, the forest and rangeland genetic resources program lacks the necessary equipment for
treating and testing forest species that are mainly endemic and for which storage behaviour is barely
known or have not been studied at all. Essential and required equipment such as; seed germination
and seedling growing chambers functioning at an alternating temperature are not in place. An
assortment of necessary equipment and facilities, knowledge of the storage behaviour of seeds of
the species collected, the technical knowhow to research and establish methods for testing seeds
and storage conditions are prerequisites for any ex situ conservation action. These requirements are
not fully met at forest and rangeland biodiversity conservation program of EBI.
The animal genetic resources program Directorate has no full-fledged laboratories, nor proper space
and equipment for collecting, processing and maintaining the collected genetic materials. A few
samples collected from some breeds of livestock and from the endemic fox are maintained at the
facility of the Kaliti Animal Research Center under the Ministry of Agriculture. The Directorate has
some collaborative links with Debrezeit Animal Research Center with the aim to promote captive
breeding for endangered species. However, no practical work on captive breeding has been done so
far.
1
Hereafter referred to in a shortened form as ‘the biodiversity project’.
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The assessment estimates that a total of approximately Euro 454,000 will be required for equipment
and facility upgrading in the two targeted Directorates in EBI. This amounts to approximately Euro
113,000 for support to the Forest & Rangeland Directorate, and approximately Euro 340,000 for
support to the Animal Biodiversity Directorate. These figures do not include: logistical costs,
proposed on-site training, international forex/pricing variations, or the mandatory two year
maintenance plan which will be a requirement for companies wishing to bid for this work under a
goods and services supply contract.
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1 INTRODUCTION
This mission report concludes the Assessment of the Technical and Capacity Needs of the Forest and
Animal Genetic Resources Directorate of the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI). The assessment
was commissioned as one activity of the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Priority
Protected Areas Project2. The Project is funded by German Financial Cooperation through KfW
German Development Bank. Project Executing Agency is the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation
Authority (EWCA). Implementation Support Consultancies are provided by GITEC-IGIP GmbH (IC).
The assessment of EBI is as per the terms of the agreement of KfW financial support to the Ethiopian
Biodiversity Institute (EBI) which is stipulated in the Separate Agreement between KfW and the
Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA), Reference No. 2014 67 133, and dated 23 June,
2017.
The agreement between EBI and EWCA is for EWCA to support EBI by providing investments and
maintenance costs with the support from GITEC IGIP GMBH. The support through the agreement
includes assessment of technical needs of the Animal Directorate with particular reference to the
collection and maintenance of semen of threatened wild animals as well as laboratory equipment
and materials that are required for the ex situ maintenance of animal genetic materials. In order to
identify the technical needs, GITEC has commissioned a sub-consultant for a capacity and need
assessment of EBI for ex situ conservation of forest, alpine, rangeland and animal genetic resources.
The commissioned short-term EBI Needs Assessment Expert (the Consultant) carried out a number of
short visits to the EBI headquarters in order to make (i) technical assessments of the existing
facilities, (ii) hold detailed focus group discussions with EBI researchers and technicians, and finally,
(iii) organised a series of presentations and planning meetings in order to situate the proposed
project support interventions within a framework which is well understood by all relevant EBI
stakeholders.
Accordingly, the assessment has been conducted with the aim to identify the capacity and the
technical needs, including the needs for upgrading facilities such as seed drying room and cold
chambers and the essential laboratory equipment and materials that are necessary for the safe
conservation of the collected and stored genetic materials. The assessment involved evaluation of
the system in place and procedures for collecting, storing, testing, documenting and replenishing of
genetic materials by both Directorates. The evaluation process was made through discussions with
relevant EBI scientists and technicians and by examining all procedures of operation within each
Directorate according to their set objectives. Facilities and equipment available and their
functionality were examined through checking all facilities and equipment available. Based on each
Directorate’s objectives and plan, necessary equipment and materials in need for the tasks of each of
them were identified.
The Consultant undertook initial meetings at EBI and further meetings with the DG EWCA. A formal
joint meeting was held with both the EBI and EWCA Director Generals. The outcome from this
meeting was a signed Letter of Agreement (LoA) between the EWCA and EBI which established the
foundation for the start of this component in the Project. Additional discussions were held between
the IC and the GIZ-funded project for Supporting Sustainable Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia
(SSAP) about crop gene bank support in relation to issues such as EBI staff capacity building,
equipment and infrastructure maintenance and project troubleshooting.
The results of assessment are presented in Chapters 2 – 5.
2
Hereafter referred to in a shortened form as ‘the biodiversity project’.
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2 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN STORING FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES
The forest genetic resources programme at EBI is dealing mainly with indigenous species. Storage
behaviour of most of these species is not well known or little studied, and it is very essential to
research and develop techniques for testing and storing seeds of such species for longer term
sustainability. This involves (i) identification of storage behaviour, (ii) developing techniques for
treating seed dormancy and (iii) seed germination testing, which require an assortment of equipment
and competent knowledge and practices in seed physiology and seed technology.
Knowledge about the seed storage behaviour, physiological nature of the dormancy of the collected
seed and techniques for breaking dormancy and testing germination are essential before the
materials are removed from its natural system for ex situ maintenance. A well designed exploration
and inventory system to set priorities for collecting, and, appropriate knowledge techniques and
facilities for maintaining the collected samples are prerequisites. The task of exploration is required
to understand the taxonomy of the forest species, the species population structure and association
in order to plan and set priorities for collecting and conserving such genetic materials. Collecting
genetic materials without adequate facility and knowledge for handling the collected materials
would not fully serve the purpose of conserving, and may even contribute to genetic erosion
especially as regards to rare and unique types.
2.1 The current status of forest genetic resources ex situ conservation at EBI
The EBI forest genetic resources program has so far collected 148, 112, and 110 species of forest,
medicinal and forage germplasm materials respectively. The forest species are represented by 1,172
accessions of which about 35% of the collections is represented by one sample, and about 31% of the
species is represented by 2 - 5 samples (Table 1). Species represented with limited number of
accessions need more representation based on the range of the diversity for such species. The
number of accessions collected per species as of present seems to be small and the diversity
captured and areas covered are also limited.
Table 1: Current status of forest germplasm collections at EBI
No. species No. samples/ % total holding
% total species No. accessions
collected species of species
52 35 1 51 4.4
21 14.2 2 42 3.6
8 5.4 3 24 2
6 4.1 4 24 2
10 6.8 5 50 4.3
22 14.8 6 to 10 162 13.8
8 5.4 11 to 20 109 9.3
18 12.2 21 to 50 531 45.3
3 2.1 > 50 179 15.3
148 100 1172 100
The total holding of the medicinal plant species is about 1,258 accessions of 112 species of which
about 39% is represented by a single sample (Table 2). Similar to forest species, medicinal plant
species are represented by a few accessions is even bigger (about 68%) and may require more
collections in order to capture the available diversity over locations.
Table 2: Current status of medicinal plant germplasm collections at EBI
No. species No. samples/ %total holding
%total species No. accessions
44 39.2 1 44 3.5
9 8 2 18 1.4
11 9.8 3 33 2.6
5 4.5 4 20 1.6
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7 6.3 5 35 2.9
17 15.2 6 to 10 127 10.1
8 7.1 11 to 20 111 8.8
6 5.4 21 to 50 236 18.8
5 4.5 >50 634 50.3
112 100 1258 100
Forage species collections cover about 110 species represented by the total of 674 accessions (Table
3). Over 40% of the species collected are represented by a single sample and in future additional
collections are necessary.
According to the information from the technical staff of the Directorate of Forest and Rangeland
Biodiversity, limitations of space and in facilities, as well as the malfunctioning of the seed drying
chamber and cold room storage have restricted their efforts to collect the diversity of forest,
medicinal and forage plant species through representative samples from the natural environment.
Table 3: Current status of forage germplasm collections at EBI
46 41.8 1 46 6.8
19 17.2 2 38 5.6
8 7.3 3 24 3.6
7 6.3 4 28 4.2
4 3.6 5 20 3
8 7.3 6 to 10 58 8.6
11 10 11 to 20 154 22.8
5 4.5 21 to 50 168 24.9
2 2 > 50 138 20.5
110 100 674 100
2.2 Laboratory equipment and personnel

Most of the available laboratory equipment in the forest gene bank laboratories are not in a good
condition or are not functional at all. There are number of essential equipment items such as;
growing chambers with alternating temperature and light period regime, and, humidifier and cooling
systems that are required for germination testing and treating of seed dormancy, but these are not
available. In general, the capacity of the forest gene bank currently is very minimal and limits the
sound operation and control of the smooth flow of activities involved in germplasm conservation.
Table 4: Current laboratory equipment available at FGR Directorate
No. Equipment Quantity Condition
Incubator 1 Good/very small
Drying oven 2 Not good
Incubator 1 Not good
Digital balance 1 Good
Sterilizing vessel 1 Not good
Cooler/Incubator 1 Not good
Electronic balance 1 Not good
Jacobson 1 Not good
Water distiller 1 Good
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2.3 Challenges with Facilities

One of the main reasons for limited germplasm collection is the problem with the drying and storage
cells that are not currently functioning properly. The seed drying room installed for the forest and
rangeland Directorate is not functional at the moment. The main problem with the drying room is
the improper functioning of the air drying unit which dehumidifies the air in the seed drying room.
The compressor of the unit that helps in drying the sucked-in air from outside and forcing out ‘wet
air’ from the chamber is not functioning properly.
Cooling and drying units
Figure 1: Malfunctioning units of the seed storage and seed drying rooms
Seed drying room

Another technical problem of the drying room is that it is built within the seed storage room. The
door of the cold storage cell of -10°C is opened toward the drying room hence when entering it, the
cool and heavy air is blown out into the drying room, increasing the humidity and decreasing the
temperature in the seed drying room. This makes the seed drying period longer, causes a heavy load
on the dehumidifier, and it is also not convenient for working inside the drying room. It is possible
that this design fault is affecting the dehumidifier units which are not currently functioning.
Figure 2: Seed storage (-10°C) and seed drying room (< +20°C and 17-20% RH) sharing the same
compartment
Due to the above mentioned problems, the seed drying room which is about 60m³ in volume is
without use at present. It is recommended that the seed drying room be converted into a cold room
that operates at a temperature range of 4 to 10°C and can be used as a short-term storage facility for
samples that need processing. Moreover, a temperature range between 5 to 10°C is necessary for
storage of some tree species as they could not survive low temperature below 0°C, and in this case,
the chamber meant as a drying room would provide a dual service: i.e. as a short-term storage room
with temperature above 0°C and, as a storage for samples of which longevity would be short under
sub-zero temperatures.
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2.4 Installation of a new seed drying room

A new drying room with an area of 4m X 4m (1.5m X1.5m for sealing and packaging, and 3m X 3m as
a seed drying compartment) would be enough for the seed drying purpose of forest species. There is
enough space within the forest gene bank to install a drying room of this size. The drying room
should be fitted with light shelves with rollers and with roper type shelf plates. The seed drying room
shelf plates should be manufactured with holes to allow air circulation from all sides, and the seed
containers for drying should also have some holes on all of its sides.
Figure 3: Model of the seed drying chamber
2.5 Cold seed storage room

The main problem with the cold room for forest genetic materials is that one of the two cooling
compressors is not working; the system control power is not functional (therefore not regulating the
alternating operation of the compressors); and, the cold room is not equipped with appropriate
shelves. In general, the installation of the cold storage facility is incomplete, and there is a need to fix
mobile shelves with strong stands. Mobile shelves are important for space economy. Thus gene bank
standard mobile shelves are among the priority replacement parts for the cold room to function as a
gene bank facility. The current shelves in the cold room have small rollers but are built with thin
stands that cannot support heavy loads. These shelves can instead be used in the seed drying room
with some simple modification.
Figure 4: Forest germplasm materials kept in crop gene bank facility
For the above mentioned reasons the collected, processed, dried and packed genetic materials of
forest and rangeland species are temporally being maintained in the crop gene bank facilities (but
without sufficient space).
2.6 Seed germination test

Most of the forest species are indigenous for which seed storage, seed germination and seed
dormancy behaviour is not known. Determining these factors for each species requires personnel
with sufficient knowledge of seed physiology/forest seed technology. This level of expertise is not
available at the moment although there is a junior technician who is trying to do his best through
practical ‘hands on’ experience which he had gained from routine crop genetic resource material
handling.
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Equipment and space

Different equipment such as seed germination chambers, seed treatment and seedling growing
chambers functioning at alternating temperatures are required (Full list of equipment required is
shown in Annex 4). Separate space needs to be allocated for seed processing and seed germination
testing. As there is enough space within the ground floor of the forest gene bank, a seed processing
room can be set up by partitioning the available space. Seed germination compartments, especially
to place various seed germination chambers can be set at the same spot as there is enough space to
accommodate this. The current seed germination laboratory is very small to run all the necessary
routine activities at the same place.
2.7 Personnel
The Directorate of Forest and Rangeland Biodiversity conservation has some 26 technical and 4
support staff (Table 5). The technical staff includes; 11 biologists (with backgrounds in ecology,
botany and genetics and with either BSc, MSc, or PhD qualification), 2 foresters, an economist, an
ethno botanist and GIS expert. Expertise on genetic resources and gene bank management including
on seed technology is lacking. However, some of the junior (graduate and under graduate) personnel
can be oriented to some of these missing fields through short-term trainings and MSc training on
genetic resources management and on seed technology.
Table 5: Personnel at forest and rangeland gene bank
No. of
No. Area of expertise Qualification Remarks
experts
1 Ecologist PhD 1 On job
2 Botanist PhD 2 On job
Botanist M.Sc 4 On job
3 Ethno botanist PhD 1 On job
4 Forester M.Sc 4 On job
5 Forster BSc. 1 On job
6 Rangeland ecology M.Sc 3 3 staff on job and 1 in PhD training at AAU
Biologist M.SC 1 On job
7 Biologist BSc. 5 4 staff on M.Sc training
8 Plant physiologist M.Sc 1 On PhD training at AAU
9 Geneticist M.Sc 1 On job
10 Economist M.Sc 1 On job
11 GIS expert M.Sc 1 On job
12 Support staff 4
Considering the huge and diverse tasks the Directorate is involved in, and taking into account the
future germplasm collection tasks and research required for establishing protocols for seed testing
and tissue culture; and for seed storage behaviour research of many of the indigenous species, it is
essential for the Directorate to plan for a proper division of tasks and staff trainings, and for creating
teams staff to work on clearly defined mutually beneficial tasks.
Equally important is to have well trained and equipped technicians in the fields of cooling systems,
electricity and equipment maintenance. The available person at present is a general electrician who
is not familiar with the functions of the equipment units and parts, and is unable to fix some of the
technical challenges that require expertise in such fields. Training ‘on the job’, especially for cooling
system technicians and electricians, during the installation of the proposed new facilities and during
maintenance services by contracted experts should be prioritized. There could also be a possibility of
training equipment maintaining technicians locally in Addis, through collaboration with institutions
such as the Ministry of Science and Technology of Ethiopia3, in areas where they can provide such
services.
3
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Science and Technology of Ethiopia. www.most.gov.et
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2.8 Staff training

The forest genetic resources bank lacks qualified personnel in the fields of seed technology, plant
physiology, gene bank management, and on cooling system and electric system management of the
equipment in the gene bank. The following training needs were identified as possibilities for
improving the skills of the forest gene bank personnel:
1) Gene Bank Curator: A short term training (3-6 months) at gene banks that provide trainings.
(e.g. at one of the international centers such ICRISAT, Millennium Forest Gene Bank, the
Netherland Gene Bank/ Wageningen University, and in Germany (IPK Leibniz Institute);
2) Seed Technology/ Seed physiology: One or two of the staff with MSc that already are on job
can be trained for a short term ( 6 months to 1 year) at Reading University, Birmingham
University (both in the UK) or, Millennium Forest Gene Bank, Kew (UK), or at other
institutions that have such programs;
3) Three to four laboratory technicians with BSc need to be trained in seed technology
practices such as germination setting and dormancy breaking, etc. (suggest for a 6-12
month period of practical training possibly at Millennium Forest Gene Bank (UK);
4) A cooling system technician be trained for short term (3-6 months), locally or abroad. Such
trained personnel would be useful for the entire gene bank facilities at the EBI (e.g. forest,
animal, crop &horticulture, microbial gene banks);
5) An electrician to be trained for short-term or on the job in the field of the electrical systems
of the facilities and equipment at the gene bank. Such trained personnel would be useful
for the entire gene bank facilities and laboratories at the EBI (e.g. forest, animal, crop
&horticulture, microbial gene banks);
6) A technician to be trained for maintaining laboratory equipment with training on kinds of
equipment used by; forest, animal, microbial and crop gene banks. Such trained personnel
would be useful for the long term maintenance of the entire gene bank laboratory
equipment at EBI.
2.9 Power supply

EBI has two functional standby generators and one new one that was bought for forest gene bank
power supply. At present, the two standby generators provide enough power during main power
interruption without the need for an additional stand by generator. The new one bought for the
forest gene bank, can serve as spare in case of failure of one of the functional standby generators.
2.10 Working space

Gene bank working spaces and laboratories should be clean and uncongested in order to avoid
contamination of germplasm. The forest gene bank at present shares its building and offices with
other Directorates and the space for laboratories, equipment and for personnel is too congested and
this affects the flow of activities. In future the sequence of necessary activities and flow of genetic
material for conservation needs to be well connected and monitored. With the future plan to put
facilities and equipment in place, there is a need to rearrange space for all activities of the gene
banking system. Seed cleaning spaces should be away from seed drying and cold chambers in order
to avoid dust that affects the function of the cooling and drying systems. The space used by the
animal genetic resource program for keeping materials at present can be used for seed processing
purpose in the future once the new building is operational.
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3 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION
3.1 Techniques for animal genetic resources conservation by gene banks

The primary function of gene banks for animal genetic resources is the preservation of genetic
materials for current use or/and for medium and long term preservation of the genetic materials.
Animal genetic resources (AnGR) conservation practices may be undertaken for a number of reasons.
These include practices for the development of conservation measures for rare breeds, for reduction
of risks of genetic erosion and for economic and developmental research purposes. Maintenance and
development of adapted breeds are of critical importance to ensure rural economic productivity and
food security. The conservation Strategies involve in situ management of the resources and ex situ
maintenance of genetic materials. In situ conservation practice for animals in the wild is the
management of the animal population within their natural environment. Livestock in situ
conservation is about the management of breeds within the production systems of their keepers. Ex
situ is the management of genetic materials through in vitro storage of the materials for long-term,
that can subsequently be used in breeding in order to introduce/reintroduce genetic diversity into
the live populations.
Practices such as storage of semen, embryos, ovaries, oocytes, and somatic cells are among technical
strategies for ex situ maintenance of animal genetic materials. Frozen semen and embryo
preservation is the more widely used practice. However, the functionality of embryos is limited to
smaller number of farm animals. Oosytes (immature female reproductive cells) preservation in some
cases is applied along with semen preservation, but techniques for freezing and thawing are still not
fine-tuned. Cryopreservation of ovaries (female reproductive organ) is another technique applied for
preserving animal genotypes and is sometimes being used as a source of oocytes. Preservation of
somatic cells (non-productive cells) is useful in cases where cryopreservation of embryos is not
feasible or has little success. The technique for DNA storage for gene transfer still has shortcomings
and poses some difficulties.
Considering these complex techniques and methodologies, maintenance of genetic materials of
animals requires technical capacity in genetics, reproductive physiology and cryobiology. Due to a
range of techniques and expertise involved in ex situ preservation of animal genetic materials,
coordination among a wide group of stakeholders is necessary to make best use of expertise and
facilities across institutions. Such collaborative linkage is necessary for the development of local
institutional capacity and applicable techniques; for the development of policies and procedures for
establishment, operation and long-term sustainability of an ex situ animal genetic resources
management program.
3.2 Main objectives of conserving animal genetic resources

Practical approaches for conserving animal genetic diversity include breeding flocks of live animals,
frozen embryos and semen. The main reason for preserving animal genetic materials ex situ is to
support and ensure the durability of animal genetic variation. Genetically distinct, rare and close to
extinction breeds are always given the priority. Priority setting requires detail information on the
status of the animals, which at times is challenging like in the case of obtaining the necessary
estimates of the rates of a population size and of its decline.
Animal genetic materials can be maintained though cryogenic storage, and without change except
for some possible risks of mutations that could be induced by the applied techniques. Of key
importance is whether the objective of the attempt is to preserve the status quo of live animals, or to
preserve the genetic materials for genetic improvement programs, or both?
Repositories of such materials provide the possibility of recreating breeds or breeding lines in cases
where the breeds are threatened or are lost. One of the techniques that allow long-term
preservation of the genetic materials is cryopreservation. It is usually frozen semen and embryos that
are maintained through cryopreservation. Cryopreserved genetic materials enable the development
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of new lines or breeds, or to quickly modify or reorient the evolution or selection of an animal
population. Gene banks can serve as the primary source of such genetic materials for the purpose of
restoration, introduction of genetic diversity and for developmental research.
3.3 Current status of animal genetic resources conservation at EBI

The program for the conservation of animal genetic resources at EBI involves livestock and animals in
the wild. However, the animal genetic resources conservation program at present does not have full
capacity to execute its mission. The program has some semen collections of a few breeds of livestock
and some semen samples from the endemic Ethiopian fox that are kept at the facility of the Kaliti
Animal Research Center under the Ministry of Agriculture. It also has some collaborative links with
Debrezeit Animal Research Center with a main interest on captive breeding for endangered species.
However, no practical work on captive breeding has been done as yet.
Currently, the Animal Genetic Resources Conservation Directorate has no technical laboratories of its
own. It lacks proper space and equipment for collecting, processing and for maintaining the collected
genetic materials. There is only one general room in which chemicals, some equipment, and a few
taxi dermal materials and tools are kept. The room is more of a store than providing laboratory
services. However, a new building as mentioned above, funded by the government of Ethiopia is
under construction for both the animal and microbial genetic resources programs. The building is
meant for offices and different laboratories and the completion of the construction is expected to
take one more year (to open in early 2021). The staffs for the program are limited in number and
expertise and are hosted in the forest genetic resources building on temporary basis.
Figure 5: Design of the animal genetic resources laboratories under construction
3.4 Planned activities by Animal Genetic resources Directorate at EBI
3.4.1 Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) maintenance

One of the projected for programs by the Directorate is livestock conservation. Conservation of
FAnGR has the objective to ensure that the diversity of farm animal genetic resources continues to
evolve without being affected by genetic erosion. The task involves collection and maintenance of
animal genetic materials ex situ, and in situ maintenance of the livestock population under different
production environment and systems.
The plan for preserving germplasm materials is in the form of frozen semen and embryo. Collection
and cryopreservation of semen and embryos is meant to ensure that the genes from threatened
breeds are maintained to replenish the declining diversity in the livestock populations. This requires
facilities and equipment to keep the collected samples.
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3.4.2 Ex situ maintenance of genetic materials from animal genetic resources in the wild
The main focus of the task is the collecting and maintaining of semen of species that are endangered
and of those close to extinction. The plan at the field level is collecting samples through close
collaboration with the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA). This is important because
the information on the status of animals in the wild comes from the EWCA, and priorities for ex situ
conservation measures to be taken depend on this information.
The task of preserving wild animal genetic materials also requires facilities and equipment to
maintain the collected samples in vitro. As of now it does not seem practical to collect semen as
necessary conditions for preserving the collected genetic materials are not yet in place.
Captive breeding strategy that the EBI animal genetic resources program aims for is one other
important practical approach to save threatened species. However, collecting of semen from animals
in the wild or captive breeding of the same, would be problematic to the EBI program without
collaboration with EWCA and other stakeholder institutions that have the knowhow and the capacity
in animal breeding.
3.5 Physical structures required for animal genetic resources gene banking
The physical structure of a gene bank for ex situ preservation of animal genetic materials depends on
the objectives of the gene bank, on the range of species and breeds to be covered, and on the
financial resources available for the conservation program. The types of facilities and equipment
could be small, medium, or large but would have common features necessary for the smooth
functioning of the gene bank regardless of its size. The facilities include the physical plant (the actual
building and other structures) and durable functional equipment.
The actual collection and banking of animal germplasm comprises of three main activities:
a. Collection of the germplasm;
b. Processing and freezing of the germplasm;
c. Storage of the germplasm.
Although these activities may be undertaken at the same location, they are distinct and each
requires its own separate facilities. In theory, a gene bank for animal genetic materials operates as a
place for storage of germplasm, provided that the germplasm is accessed from elsewhere. In most
situations, a gene bank would have the infrastructure for at least the two, if not for all the three
activities. The EBI animal genetic resource program plan is to accommodate all the three activities.
3.6 Space and facilities required for gene banks of different sizes
The space required for gene banks vary and depend on the gene banks’ missions and changes as the
collection grows. However, the space requirements are relatively minor as compared to space
required for seed handling gene banks. The size and the capacity can be categorized as small,
medium, or large repositories.
3.6.1 Small repositories

Small repositories have limited space but could easily meet the needs of a small start-up program.
Size of the facilities:
i. Wet lab - 20 to 30 m²;
ii. Ability to cool samples to 5°C:
- Cold room (10 m²), or
- Cooler cabinet (2 m X 2m), or
- Styrofoam box (0.6 m²).
iii. Cryotank storage room: 20 m² (sufficient for approximately 300,000 straws);
iv. Office for database management 12 m².
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About 500 straws4 could be processed and cryopreserved in a day with facilities of this size.
3.6.2 Medium-sized repositories

Medium seized repositories have more features that would increase the amount of germplasm to be
stored and the quantity of germplasm (principally semen) that can be cryopreserved in a day. Such
facilities may include automated equipment for straw labelling and filling. This capacity enables
semen cryopreservation of up to 1,000 straws per day.
Size of the facility:
i. Wet lab 30 to 60 m²;
ii. Cryotank storage room 25 to 50 m² (approximately 400,000 to 600,000 straws);
iii. Ability to cool samples to 5° C:
- Cold room (10 m²), or
iv. Office for database management (12 m²);
v. Other office space (12 m²).
3.6.3 Large-sized repositories

Repositories of this size have greater capacity for semen, embryos and DNA cryopreservation. As
with medium-sized facilities, it enable to increase the quantity of germplasm frozen to greater than
1,000 straws per day. In addition to the equipment necessary for cryopreserving samples, equipment
such as cytometers for analysing the quality of cryopreserved germplasm is included:
i. Wet lab greater than 60 m²;
ii. Cryotank storage room greater than 50 m² ( >500,000 straws);
iii. Ability to cool samples to 5°C:
- Cold room (10 m² sq ft), or
iv. Office for database management (20 m²);
v. Other office space (50 m²);
vi. Capacity to store excess liquid nitrogen (LN2) or even to make LN2.
3.7 Main equipment, materials and tools for animal genetic resources gene banking
The following is a list of basic equipment needed for cryopreserving and storing samples. It is
important to remember that the purchase of multiple liquid nitrogen tanks for long term storage
need not occur at the same time. Liquid nitrogen is a hazardous substance that requires safe storage
and transportation. Some liquid nitrogen containers are bulky and therefore, number of containers
handled should be in a manageable size in terms of safe storage space, costs and risks.
Basic equipment:
 Microscope (phase-contrast – for semen; stereo scope – for embryos);
 Centrifuge;
 Cooling samples (Styrofoam or plastic cooler, cooler cabinet);
 Osmometer;
 pH meter;
 Equipment for determining sperm concentration (one or more of the following):
o Spectrophotometer (fixed or portable),
4
Straw – Small storage device made of inert materials resistant to ultra-low temperatures and specifically designed for
cryogenic storage of biological materials (liquid samples) such as semen, embryo, tissues, etc. at temperatures as low as -
190°C.
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o Makler counter chamber (or disposable counting chamber), or

o Hemocytometer.
 Temperature measuring devices;
 Dry LN2 (liquid nitrogen) shipping tanks;
 Long term storage tanks;
 Stereomicroscope for embryo evaluation.
3.8 Main qualified personnel essential for animal genetic resources gene banking
Specialized human resources are critical component for successful animal genetic materials gene
banking activities. The number of type of personnel needed to operate the gene bank will vary with
the size of the repository. Common to all sizes, however, is the need for following different
disciplines:
 Genetics;
 Reproductive physiology and cryobiology;
 Information systems and database development.
Minimally, a gene bank requires:
i. A curator (with genetics background);
ii. Technical support to cryopreserve germplasm, and;
iii. Technical support to develop database and input information into the database about the
samples in the collection.
The task of the curator is to develop targeted collection goals for each species and breed within
species of interest. The task is a significant responsibility for one person for developing germplasm
collecting plans. As gene bank activities increase in size and scope there will be need for increased
staffing. Much of this increase is dependent upon the flow of germplasm into the repository.
Additional technical needs arise with the increased size and the need to employ a broader range of
reproductive and cryopreservation technologies on different species. The need to quantify and
understand the genetic diversity which may include the utilization of molecular genetics techniques
also requires additional expertise. With additional requirements comes the need for additional
scientific and support staff and the size of the facility. Many of these additions may be addressed by
integrating conservation activities with pre-existing laboratories that have the additional expertise.
However, the gene bank should have a reasonable level of competency to execute its conservation
mission.
4 STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS
Sustainable conservation is a product of well set priorities and action planning, organized
institutional capacity and coordination of efforts. A range of social, cultural, economic and
environmental benefits that can contribute toward sustaining the conservation efforts can be
generated from both forest and animal genetic resources management. The benefits can directly and
indirectly incentivize conservation efforts. Some organizational and technical approaches that would
be of use for the sustainability of the forest and animal genetic resources conservation program of
EBI may include the following:
4.1 Forest genetic resource program
4.1.1 Technical
The forest genetic resources program is mainly about ex situ gene banking of forest, forage and
medicinal plants germplasm. Management and utilization aspects of each of these require experts in
the field and the teaming up of these experts. There could be technical challenges of handling the
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germplasm especially of the lesser known species. Therefore a strong team composed of plant
physiologist, seed technologist, pathologist, taxonomist/botanist, and a forester is important for a
sound program of forest and rangeland biodiversity conservation.
Unlike agricultural crops that are grown seasonally, producing seeds from naturally occurring forest
species is about decades in terms of a timeframe. Therefore, the tasks of any forest ex situ gene bank
should closely be linked to the natural system to make the conservation effort meaningful. The
program should not be limited to collecting and storing samples. It should extend itself to the natural
system for restoration of threatened species and ecologies. The main focus should be on
backstopping the diversity in the natural system. In this regard, production of seedlings and planting
them in their natural systems, based on the information on the species status and the overall species
population structure in their natural system, would be one of the important activities of the forest
gene bank. It is important to note at this point that it is worthy to use seedlings developed during
seed germination test for this purpose instead of discarding them as it is done during seed
germination tests for agricultural crops. Due to lack of seedlings of indigenous tree species, the
current tree planting initiatives in the country have access mainly to exotic species. This could be a
good incentive for the forest gene bank to focus on indigenous tree seedlings development.
4.1.2 Links to local communities

The program should extend itself to local communities to create local ecological and economic
incentives that attract engagement of communities into the program. It can link itself to local
communities through provision of tree, forage, agro-forestry and medicinal plant species seeds and
seedlings for re-vegetating farm environments, for introduction/reintroduction of indigenous tree,
forage and medicinal plant species. Shortage of forage, for example, is one of the critical challenges
that local farming communities suffer, and it is one of the main challenges that contribute to the
decline of the number of livestock per rural household, and thereby, to the decapitalization of
farming communities.
4.1.3 Organizational issues

It is evident at present that the forest and range land biodiversity Directorate has limitations in
capacity and organization of tasks. Assuming that the identified current shortcomings will be dealt
with, the Directorate has to have clear and time based priorities and a plan of action with expected
outputs in both the short and longer term. It has to project for at least three main targets: namely
resources base management (ex situ), biodiversity restoration and registration, and development and
promotion of mechanisms for conservation incentives (environmental, socio-cultural, and
economical) for local communities.
The forest and rangeland Directorate may also consider the seedling production activities for which it
needs facilities such as nursery sites and materials and equipment such as trailers to transport
seedlings.
4.2 Animal genetic resource program

The animal genetic resources program is at an infant stage, a little away from program inception
stage. Basic requirements including clear planning and action plan timing is not evidenced as the
Directorate itself has not yet been housed in a proper place. The new laboratories and offices under
construction would provide enough and appropriate space for the program. Nevertheless, it is
important for the Directorate to plan for both short and longer term plans and activities while these
laboratories are still under construction. The program activities and targets for when and how,
trained personnel required throughout each level of program be allocated, activity progress,
equipment and facilities required, (including which, and when) should be planned according to the
timeline of the set targets to be achieved.
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It is recommended that the Directorate to start with preparing skilled professional staff in the field of
genetics/cytology, animal reproductive physiology, cryobiology, laboratory technicians and personnel
for information system and data base development while the laboratories are still under
construction.
4.3 Equipment and facilities

Facilities and equipment required vary and depend on the volume of tasks or collection of genetic
materials which may progressively change over time. It is recommended to start with equipment and
facilities for small repositories. Through time and as the skills are developed and collecting of
materials increases, the capacity can be upgraded to a medium repository level.
4.4 Organization of activities

The overall plan of the animal genetic resources program covers both the livestock and animals in
the wild. The strategy planned for the initial stage is cryopreservation of embryos and semen and
also includes captive breeding. It is huge and complex task that requires institutional arrangements
for division of tasks and collaborative works, and of course for the capacity of all stakeholders
involved. Collecting semen from and captive breeding of wild animals (which is challenging), though
in fact the same for livestock, is a task that requires clear objectives and targets and which the animal
Directorate of EBI cannot implement single handedly. Based on the observations made through the
assessment, there is a need for institutional and policy level collaborative arrangements among all
relevant stakeholders.
5 CONCLUSION
5.1 Results
It may not be feasible for an institution to assign professionals and equipment for each and every
laboratory or lines of activities. The teaming up of professional staff according to thematic areas and
research problems of institutional interest as well as organizing general research facilities and
equipment in a way that it is accessible to all, is necessary. It is also important to have conditions for
collective efforts through team based specific division of tasks that eventually would enable enriched
outputs within reasonable cost, time and effort.
According to the observation made, both Directorates are trying their best in performing their duties
regardless of shortcomings of facilities, unavailability of some necessary equipment, and with
limitation in space and qualified personnel to conduct routine technical activities at the level that is
needed.
The assessment estimates that a total of approximately Euro 454,000 will be required for equipment
and facility upgrading in the two targeted Directorates in EBI. This amounts to approximately Euro
113,000 for support to the Forest & Rangeland Directorate, and approximately Euro 340,000 for
support to the Animal Biodiversity Directorate. Detailed lists of upgrading facilities in need and for
procuring various laboratory, analytical and field equipment are appended as Annex 4 and 5.
These figures do not include; logistical costs, proposed on-site training, international forex/pricing
variations, or the mandatory two year maintenance plan which will be a requirement for companies
wishing to bid for this work under a goods and services supply contract.
5.2 Next steps

Programs of forest and rangeland and animal biodiversity directorates are found at different stages
in terms of capacity (human resources, facilities, equipment). The Animal Biodiversity Directorate
does not yet have laboratories and most of the laboratory based activities cannot be initiated until
the new building construction is completed. The Forest and Rangeland Biodiversity Directorate seed
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drying and cold rooms are not functional due to some technical problems. Spaces that can be used
for laboratories are also occupied by staff from other Directorates. However, both Directorates have
to make progress and the following would be some of the approaches suggested.
5.3 Forest and Rangeland Directorate

1. First thing to be done is to make the seed drying and seed storage facilities functional. A new
seed drying room of an area of 5mXm5 (2mX2m as a packaging room of dried seeds and
3mX3m a compartment for seed drying) should be installed urgently;
2. Mobile shelves for the cold room for long-term and short-term storage need to be fixed in
order to provide proper conditions for samples stored in crop gene bank facilities (of
priority);
3. Order and purchase of equipment such as germinators and others that are of immediate
necessity should be made;
4. Priority for a short-term training for one person on forest gene bank management, and at
least for two technicians on forest seed technology at Millennium Forest Gene Bank is very
important. Coming back from the trainings the trained staff are expected to set up well
organized and equipped laboratories;
5. Very crucial for EBI as an institution running different gene bank facilities is for it to have a
well trained and equipped cooling system technician on permanent basis. The technician
should be employed as soon as possible before the installation of facilities for seed drying
and maintenance of the cold store. This provides the technician the opportunity to be
oriented to seed drying and cold store equipment operation while a contracted professional
installs/fixes the facilities.
5.4 Animal Biodiversity Directorate

The animal biodiversity program has to develop short and long-term objectives, strategies and plans
in line with the biodiversity project. It has to also be clear in technical activities it is engaged (to be
engaged) with i.e. whether it is focusing on basic or applied research or both, or it is focusing on
supporting both through provision of genetic materials. These all determine the development
direction, facilities, equipment and the technical capacity as well as the institutional collaboration
that the Animal Biodiversity Conservation Directorate needs to develop for now and in the future.
The planning may also consider institutional links with relevant institutions that are seen to be
potential partners.
1. The Animal Biodiversity Directorate has an opportunity to build a reasonable capacity to start
with while the new building is under construction. This involves training of professionals and
technicians as well as provision of equipment.
 Training: The priority for training of personnel would be for animal genetics/cytology,
cryobiology and for laboratory technician. The Directorate has no such personnel at
present. Training on cytology and cryobiology would be at MSc. level at the
beginning, if it is not possible to hire already trained personnel in the field;
 Laboratory equipment: The list of laboratory equipment provided as EBI proposed list
(Annex 4) is for a well-developed functional laboratory. It is important for the Animal
Directorate to plan for activities, equipment and chemicals it requires to start with as
soon as the building is ready for use and staff are trained. It is recommended for the
Directorate to start with a small repository. A list of some of the basic laboratory
equipment required is provided in Annex 6. However, the equipment and chemicals
required may depend on the methodologies to be applied and on the genetic
materials to be dealt with. It is therefore important for the Directorate to plan for
tasks to be carried out progressively. This in turn determines the types of equipment,
accessories and, materials needed at various stages.
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Personnel to be trained may identify stages of activities to start with, and necessary
equipment during their trainings.
5.5 Collaboration
The main task of the animal genetic resources program would be to conserve genetic materials and
to provide users with access to the genetic materials. It is useful for the Animal Biodiversity
Directorate to link its program to stakeholders such as EWCA for the collecting of genetic materials
from the wildlife and to research centers that deal with livestock improvement. EWCA is the lead
stakeholder in in situ wildlife conservation while others such as Debrezeit Animal Research Center
are engaged in livestock improvement. The advice is for the Animal Biodiversity Conservation
Directorate to consider possible collaborative areas of work with such partners while planning for its
program activities. Activities such as captive breeding would be one those activities to be considered
with the aim to minimize genetic erosion in both wildlife and livestock.
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APPENDIX
Annex 2: Forage Germplasm maintained

by the Forest Gene Bank
Annex 3: Medicinal Plants Germplasm

maintained by Forest Gene Bank
Annex 4: List of Equipment for Forest Genetic

Resources
Annex 5: List of Equipment and Materials for

Animal Genetic Resources Program
(EBI Proposal)
Annex 6: List of Equipment and some Suppliers

ANNEX 1: LIST OF FOREST SPECIES
GERMPLASM
No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc.

1 Abrus schimper 2 23 Albizia grandibrnetenta 1 45 Cordia africana 76
2 Acacia abyssinica 25 24 Albizia gumifera 10 46 Cordia ellenbeckii 1
3 Acacia albida 6 25 Allophylus abysinicus 2 47 Cordia monica 6
4 Acacia dolichocephala 2 26 Anogeissus leiocarpa 22 48 Cordia sinensis 4
5 Acacia etbaica 7 27 Balanites aegyptica 22 49 Croton macrostachyus 22
6 Acacia hochril 2 28 Balanites pedicellaris 1 50 Cucumis postulates 1
7 Acaica lahai 3 29 Bersamma abyssinica 3 51 Dicrostachyus cinerea 5
8 Acaia mellifera 1 30 Boswellia paloyriera 2 52 Dicrostachyus spp. 1
9 Acaia nilotica 5 31 Brucea antidysenterica 10 53 Diospyros abyssinica 2
10 Acacia oerfota 2 32 Caesalpinia decapetala 1 54 Diospyros mospilifalpus 6
11 Acacia perciflora 2 33 Calpunia aurea 52 55 Dodanea angustifolia 37
12 Acacia polyacantha 26 34 Carissa edulis 1 56 Dregea abyssinica 1
13 Acacia robusta 1 35 Cassia arereh 6 57 Dombeya torrida 8
14 Acacia senegal 13 36 Cassia didmobotrya 1 58 Ehretia cymosa 3
15 Acacia seyal 23 37 Cassia spp. 3 59 Entada abyssinica 24
16 Acacia sieberiana 8 38 Cassia oxidental 1 60 Entada africana 9
17 Acacia spp. 32 39 Celtis africana 1 61 Erica arborea 1
18 Acacia tortilis 9 40 Combretum molle. 21 62 Erythrina abyssinica 5
19 Adansonia digitata 4 41 Combertum adenogonium 1 63 Erythrina brucei 1
20 Albizia malcophyla 8 42 Combertum collinum 12 64 Erythrirana burana 2
21 Albizia spp. 1 43 Combertum hartmannianum 2 65 Euphorbia candelabrum 4
22 Albizia amara 9 44 Combertum spp. 7 66 Euphorbia lahyris 1
1

67 Faurea speciosa 1 89 Juniperus procera 29 111 Ozoroa 1
68 Esculenta racemosa 1 90 Lamnea fruticosa 2 112 Pavetta spp. 1
69 Faidherbila albida 1 91 Lamnea spp. 2 113 Pavetta abyssinica 3
70 Ficus sycomorus 2 92 Lamena schimperi 1 114 Petrocarpus lucens 1
71 Ficus vasta 1 93 Loncocarpus laxiflorus 6 115 Phoenix reclinata 32
72 Ficus sur 7 94 Ipomea eriocarpa 2 116 Pilostigma dulice 1
73 Ficus thonningii 1 95 Maesalanceolata 16 117 Pilostigma thonningii 48
74 Galineria saxifraga 4 96 Maytenus senegalensis 1 118 Pittosporum spp. 1
75 Gardenia ternifollia 28 97 Maytenus sp. 1 119 Pittosporum virdiflorum. 6
76 Gardenia volkensii 1 98 Mellittia ferruginea 12 120 Podocarpus gracilior 2
77 Grewia ferruginea 10 99 Memordiaca foetidea 3 121 Prunus africana 1
78 Grewia villosa 1 100 Memordiaca spinosa 1 122 Pterolobiem stellatum 4
79 Grewia schweinfurthii 1 101 Memordica spp. 1 123 Rhus (Searsia) glutinosa 6
80 Grewia spp. 1 102 Moringa olifera 2 124 Rhus natalansis 5
81 Grewia flavescens 1 103 Moringa stenoptela 51 125 Rhus rusplii 1
82 Hibiscus cannabinus 6 104 Mornea schimperi 1 126 Rhus vulgaris 6
83 Hibiscus esculantus 2 105 Myrica salicifolia 1 127 Rubus opetalus 5
84 Hibiscus sabdarffa 3 106 Ochena inermis 1 128 Rosa abyssinica 5
85 Hibiscus trionum 1 107 Olea europaea 12 129 Sarcocephalus latifolius 14
86 Hibiscus spp. 2 108 Oncoba spinosa 2 130 Steganotaenia araliacea 1
87 Kigelia aethiopum 1 109 Oxytenanther abyssinica 33 131 Sclerocary abirrea 1
88 Kigelia africana 1 110 Ozoroa insignis 3 132 Stereosporaum kunthianum 6
2
No Species No. Acc.

133 Sterculia african 5
134 Sterculia setigera 2
135 Strychnos innocua 5
136 Strychnos spinosa 5
137 Strychnos mitis 2
138 Tacazzea verosa 1
139 Tamarindus indica 37
140 Terminalia slaxiflorus 13
141 Terminalia schimperiana 1
142 Terminalia spp. 4
143 Terminalia macropetra 5
144 Terminalia brownii 33
145 Zizipus abyssinica 37
146 Zizipus muchomoto 1
147 Zizipus mucronata 17
148 Zizipus mauritiana 1
3
ANNEX 2: FORAGE GERMPLASM
MAINTAINED BY THE FOREST
GENE BANK

1 Aeschynomene abyssinica 12 23 Crotolaria plowdenii 5 44 Indigofera articulata 1
2 Aeschynomene schimperi 6 24 Crotolaria pyehnostachya 15 45 Indigaofera amorphocides 6
3 Aeschynomene sensitira 1 25 Crotolaria recta 3 46 Indigofera coerulea 9
4 Aeschynomene spp. 1 26 Crotolaria quartinlana 2 47 Indigofera costota 4
5 Avena abyssinica 2 27 Crotlaria shirensis 1 48 Indigofera hochstetteri 1
6 Avena fatna 1 28 Crotolaria spinosa 12 49 Indigofera schimperi 1
7 Avena occidentalis 1 29 Crorolaria spp. 17 50 Indigofera spp. 14
8 Cajanus cajan 47 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 184 51 Indigofera vicodes 3
9 Cajanus spp. 4 30 Crotolaria alexanderi 1 52 Indigofera arrecata 17
10 Chemaerista nigilicans 1 31 Desmodium dichotomum 1 53 Indigofera atricops 1
11 Corchorus olitorius 11 32 Desmodium spp. 1 54 Indigofera brevicalyx 3
12 Corchorus fascularis 2 33 Diplolophium africanum 1 55 Indigofera spicata 27
13 Corchorus spp. 1 34 Desmodium tortuosum 1 56 Indigofera zavattarii 4
14 Crassocephalum sarcobasis 1 35 Dolichos lablab 1 57 Indigofera trita 1
15 Crossopteryx pebrifuga 1 36 Dolichos sericeus 1 58 Indigofera vohemarensis 1
16 Crotolaria disantiflora 18 37 Dolichos spp. 2 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 116
17 Crotolaria arenaria 1 38 Discopodium penninevium 3 59 Ipomoea eriocarpa 2
18 Crotolaria incana 11 39 Elusine floccifolia 4 60 Ipomoea ochracea 1
19 Crotolaria laburnifolia 2 40 Elusine indica 1 61 Lablab purpureus 38
20 Crotolaria microcarpa 1 41 Eragrostis termnla 1 62 Lablab spp. 6
21 Crotolaria ononoides 2 42 Fagopyrum esculentum 3 63 Lens ervoides 2
22 Crotolaria pallida 2 43 Guizotia spp. 2 64 Lotus corniculatus 1
1

65 Lotus discolor 2 87 Sorghum spp. 2 108 Vigna spp. 11
66 Lotus spp. 1 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 202 109 Vigna unguiculata 61
67 Lotus torulosus 1 88 Sorghum purpurcosercum 1 110 Vigna vexillata 4
68 Luffa cylinderica 2 89 Stylosanthes fruticosa 1
69 Medicago lupulina 7 90 Tephrosia bracteolata 8
70 Medicago polymprpha 9 91 Tephrosia holstii 1
71 Medicago sativa 2 92 Tephrosia linearis 2
72 Medicago scutellata 1 93 Tephrosia nana 1
73 Neonotonia wightii 77 94 Tephrosia pumila 16
74 Pennisetum sphacalatum 2 95 Tephrosia spp. 4
75 Pennisetum squamulatum 1 96 Tephrosia uniflora 5
76 Petrolobium steallatum 5 97 Tephrosia villosa 1
77 Plectranthn spp. 2 98 Termanus labialis 30
78 Sesbania goetzei 2 99 Termanus repens 1
79 Sesbania macrantha 1 100 Vicia pilosa 1
80 Sesbania quadrata 1 101 Vicia sativa 3
81 Sesbania sericea 1 102 Vigna heterophilla 1
82 Sesbania sesban 26 103 Vigna membranacea 7
83 Sesbania spp. 3 104 Vigna oblongifolia 1
84 Setaria verticillata 1 105 Vigna radiata 5
85 Silybum marianum 1 106 Vigna schimperi 3
86 Sorghum arundinacaum 2 107 Vigna sihensis 4
2
ANNEX 3: MEDICINAL PLANTS GERMPLASM
MAINTAINED BY FOREST GENE
BANK

1 Amaranthus spinosus 1 23 Dioscorea bulbifera 2 44 Lupinus albus 263
2 Abelomoschus esculentus 1 24 Dioscorea spp. 46 45 Lupinus mutabilis 1
3 Abelomoschus ficulneus 2 25 Embelia schimperi 10 46 Lupinus spp. 51
4 Abelomoshcus spp. 3 26 Embelia spp. 1 47 Myrsine africana 1
5 Arisema shimperi 2 27 Enset ventroscom 4 48 Nicandra physalodes 4
6 Bidens spp. 5 28 Flueggea virosa 1 49 Ocimum americanum 11
7 Bothriocloa insculpta 1 29 Glinus lotoides 6 50 Ocimum basilicum 31
8 Cadaba farinosa 2 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 125 51 Ocimum graveolens 3
9 Cissus rotundifolia 1 30 Gnidia involucrta 1 52 Ocimum lamiifolium 6
10 Caylusea insculpta 1 31 Gnidia lamprantha 1 53 Ocimum sanctum 4
11 Clematis simensis 1 32 Jasminum abyssinicum 1 54 Ocimum utricifolium 7
12 Coccinia abyssinica 1 33 Keetia gueinzii 1 55 Ocimum spp. 9
13 Coccinia collyssini 5 34 Kniphofia foliosa 3 56 Ocimum suave 3
14 Comemela 5 35 Leucas martinicensis 1 57 Phytolacca dodecandra 180
15 Cryptostegia glandiflora 1 36 Lagenaria siceraria 13 58 Pimpinella anisum 7
16 Cucumis dipsaceus 3 37 Lagenaria spp. 12 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 736
17 Cucumis metiliferus 3 38 Lagenaria abyssinica 1 59 Plectranthus edulis 53
18 Cucumis spp. 2 39 Lepidum sativum 87 60 Plumbago zeylanica 1
19 Cymbopogon spp. 1 40 Lepidium spp. 28 61 Plemna schiperi 2
20 Datura spp. 4 41 Leonotis nepticfolia 2 62 Protea gaguedi 3
21 Datura erecta 1 42 Leonotis reptifolia 1 63 Psedocedra kotschyi 2
22 Datura stramonium 9 43 Lobelia rhynchopetalun 3 64 Pyenostachys abyssinica 1
1

65 Pyenostachys eminii 1 87 Splanum adoense 3 108 Vernonia petrottetii 2
66 Raphanus aestivum 5 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 189 109 Vernonia auricuifera 1
67 Raphanus sativum 1 88 Solanum anquiri 1 110 Vernonia spp. 48
68 Raphanus spp. 1 89 Solanum cagulens 1 111 Withania somnifera 7
69 Rhoicissus tridentata 1 90 Solanum cerasiferum 3 112 Xantium abyssinica 2
70 Ricinus communis 6 91 Solanum compyloculnthum 8 TOTAL ACCESSIONS 159
71 Rumex nervosus 3 92 Solanum dasyphyllum 7
72 Rumex spp. 5 93 Solanum dennekensee 5
73 Ruta chalepensis 7 94 Solanum gigantum 1
74 Sclerocarya birrea 1 95 Solanum macrocarpon 1
75 Siylibyum marianum 2 96 Solanum marginatum 17
76 Securidaca longipedinculat 10 97 Solanum nigrum 1
77 Senna obtusifolia 6 98 Solanum spp. 16
78 Senna didymobotrya 9 99 Sporobolus pyramidalis 1
79 Senna spp. 1 100 Stephania abyssinica 1
80 Senna septemtrionalis 1 101 Teclea nobilis 1
81 Senna singueana 1 102 Vangueria madagascariens 1
82 Senna petersiana 4 103 Trichodesma zeylanicum 1
83 Senna occidenatils 11 104 Verbascum sinaticum 6
84 Sesame latifolum 5 105 Vernonia galamensis 19
85 Solanum incanum 42 106 Vernonia adoensis 7
86 Solanum aculeatissimum 1 107 Vernania hymnolepdi 1
2
ANNEX 4: LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR
FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES
Annex 4: List of Equipment for Forest Genetic Resources
Unit price/
No. Item Specification/Purpose Supplier Quantity Total
Euro
A Cold room and Cooling System
Hermatic compressor Compressors with condensing unit for two cold rooms cooler (r404 compressor). 2 Bitzer 4 1,500 6,000
as spare
2 Evaporators Evaporators ( 1 as spare ) Bitzer 2 600 1,200
3 High density mobile shelves Mechanical assisted or manual for 2 chambers with 5mX4.25m storage area each Grainger, RANA mobile 8 2,000 16,000
(with metal rack) storage system
4 System control uint Electric control panel with spare gudgets (spare parts), with cold room temperature BMIL International, Inc. 2 300 600
display
5 Thermohygrometer Data logging terhmhygrometer with calibration, 1.5V battery, traceable, 99%RH, to BRUNE 2 200 400
monitor temperature and RH of clod rooms
6 Data loggers Continuous logging of temperature and RH data in cold rooms and freezers and to OAKTON Instruments 2 150 300
record field observations
7 Freezer (chest type) Standard domestic freezers providing -20°C for long-term seed conservation 1 8,000 8,000
Foster Refrigerator
8 Storage trays (metal/plastic) Should withstand below freezing temperatures Foster Refrigerator 20 5 100
B Seed drying
1 Seed drying chamber/room A drying room of polyurethane panel (PU) on 5mX5m area (3mX3m drying room; Bitzer 1 22,000 22,000
2mX2m sealing and packaging room)
2 Light mobile shelves Note:Shelves in the existing cold rooms can be used for the new drying room. Racks Bitzer
can be perofrated to make holes for seed mositure release from all sides
3 Dehumidifier Rotary descicant absorption dehumidifier with secondary refrigeration equipment Munters Limited 3 1,200 3,600
to provide an environment of 15°-20°C and 15%-20% RH for seed drying (2 as
spare)
4 System control unitit Electric control panel with spare gudgets (spare parts), with cold room temperature BMIL International, Inc. 1 300 300
display
5 Plastic seed mesh bag Used for seed drying – lets moisture flow through all sides 500 0 100
6 Psychrometer Useful for prediction of seed drying period of diferent species. Meter displays Cole-Parmer 1 280 280
psychrometric chart and measures relative humidity in the dryin groom
7 Thermohygrograph Thermohygrograph for simultaneous recording of both temperature and humidity. BRUNE 2 800 1,600
Time scale: 7 days,
Spare charts, pack of 300 2 300 600
Cartirage pen (pack) 2 180 360
8 Evaporators Evaporators ( 1 as a spare ) Bitzerr 2 600 1,200
1
Unit price/
Euro
Moisture testers:
1 Quick mositure meter For quick assessment of moisture content Seedburo Equipment Co. 1 500 500
3 Grinder Grinding small quantities of seeds for moisture determination Locally available 1
4 Oven Gravity convection - Temperature range 30°–200°C, with fan convection and Fisher scientific 1 600 600
temperature controller with adjustable thermostat and timer
Mecanical convection: - Temperature range 30°–200°C, with fan convection and Fisher scientific 1 600 600
temperature controller with adjustable thermostat and timer
5 Seed divider To prepare representative samples from composite samples Seedburo Equipment Co 1 3,000 3,000
6 Balance, for moisture Combining heating with highly accurate weighing technology to deliver a fast and Sortorius, Metler-Toledo 1 1,900 1,900
determination precise method of moisture analysis - (0.001g balance)
7 Sealing machine (for aluminum foil Constant heat machines that use thermostatic controllers to maintain the element 1 750 750
Audion Elektro BV
bags) bar at a selected temperature to seal laminated aluminum bags
Containers:
1 Aluminum foil bags Aluminum foil bags - laminated, made of three layers: polyester on the outside, Barrier Foil Products Co. 20,000 0 2,000
aluminum in the middle and polyethylene on the inside, and puncture resistant
2 Aluminum cans Cans with screw caps fitted with rubber gasket - (500g) Barrier Foil Products Co. 1000 1 600
3 Glass bottles Glass bottles fitted with polypropylene lids, Dark - brown ( 250 -500gm volume) Fisher scientific 250 6 1,500
C Seed germination testing

1 Germination cabinet (Germinator) Providing very high RH levels, illuminated, with diurnal-cycling control allowing Seedburo Equipment Co. 1 5,000 5,000
independent selection of day/night temperatures and light
2 Incubator With diurnal-cycling control allowing independent selection of day/night Seedburo Equipment Co. 1 3,500 3,500
temperatures
3 Distillation apparatus Output capacity -5Lt. Fisher Scientific 1 3,000 3,000
4 Balance ( analytical) Weighing up to four decimal places, required for preparation of chemical solutions, 1 3,250 3,250
seed moisture content for indepth analysis - (0.0001g balance), self calibrating Sortorius
5 Stereo microscope With LED and Digital Display Olympus 1 500 500
6 Dissecting microscope Am Scope 20x 40x 80x Binocular Stereo Microscope Olympus 1 350 350
7 Magnifier lamp Seed cleaning Hoffman Manufacturing Olympus 2 150 300
8 Digital room thermostat 16A Touch Screen Digital LCD Floor Heating control Thermostat Programmable 2 120 240
Fisher Scientific
temperature controller Room Warm Temperature Controller
9 Two chamber Temperature Chamber Size : 550 × 950 × 550 mm ( L×B×H); Display : 2 x16 col LCD display; Temp. Seedburo Equipment Co. 1 8,000 8,000
controller incubator/ Germinator Range : 10˚C - 50˚C ±1˚C; Humidity Range : up to 95 % RH±5%; Power : 220v 50Hz
A.C
10 Horizontal Laminar air flow hood Stainless-steel, BZ- 8SSRX.. 94`` wide. 22``deep.34``high Fisher Scientific 1 2,600 2,600
11 Lath-house For growing tree seedlings under controlled light (can locally be built)
2
Unit price/
Euro
Laboratory supplies:
1 Germination paper Sigma Lump sum 1,000
2 Lab-ware Petridishes, forceps, desiccators, pip[petes, dispensors, other glassware etc. Sigma Lump sum 700
3 Chemicals Tetrazolium chloride, Agar, desiccants, carmines, etc. for seed dormancy and Sigma Lump sum 1,200
viability testing
4 Magnetic stirrer Lab Magnetic Mixer and Hotplate with Stirring Bar (with 4 spare bars) Fisher Scientific 1 350 350
D Seed processing
1 Thresher ( mechanical) Designed for threshing different plants and heads of forest species Seedburo Equipment Co. 1 1,500 1,500
2 Electronic scale Weighing up to two decimal places – required at various stages of seed-handling Sortorium 1 900 900
3 Seed blower Seed cleaning – separation of light weight material from seeds Seedburo Equipment 1 700 700
4 Seed counter For counting a predetermined number of seeds or registering a count on a pre- 2 500 1,000
Seedburo Equipment
weighed or volumetrically measured portion
Balance digital For weighing cleaned samples before packing - (0.01g balance) Sortorium 2 700 1,400
5 Seed-counting boards For counting and spacing large seeds in planting medium Seedburo Equipment 4 45 180
6 Shelving (static) Locally available Seedburo Equipment
7 Sieves, graded Seed cleaning and separation (of different hole size in mm) in sets Seedburo Equipment 2 35 70
8 Purity work-board Seed cleaning - in sets Seedburo Equipment 4 125 500
9 Paper bags Brown (100 pieces per pack) Seedburo Equipment 50 5 250
10 Clothe bags Locally available
Field tools/equipment
1 Digital camera Sony a7 III Full-frame Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera with 28-70mm Lens Sony 1 1,900 1,900
Optical with 3-Inch LCD, Black (ILCE7M3K/B)
2 Binocular Image Stabilized Binocular - Cleaning Kit - Soft CASE-MED (SLR + Lenses) Canon 1 600 600
3 Field materials Seed envelops, pollination bags, labels, etc. Locally
4 Global Positioning System (GPS) Handheld GPS (For germplasm collectiona and exploration mission) Samsung 1 450 450
Total 113,530
3
ANNEX 5: LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND
MATERIALS FOR ANIMAL GENETIC
RESOURCES PROGRAM (EBI
PROPOSAL)
Annex 5: List of Equipment and Materials for Animal Genetic Resources Program
No Item Specification Quantity Example Supplier Price (EURO) Purpose/ Justification

1 Wild Heerbrungg Microscope M3 BINOKULAR MIKROSKOP OKULARE 15X/17 1 Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH 750 For species identification/ sperm motility count
2 Leica DM 2700 adjusted with Olympus camera 541006 DM 2700 1 Leica Microsystems Holdings GmbH (LMS) 1,000 For genitalia preparation and identification
3 Head torch OV LED 802100 Broadbeam LED Headlamp, Ultra-Low Profile Durable 10 Decathlon 500 For nocturnal work
Elastic Headband
4 Keturi Camera trap 4G Night Vision 20MP, 1080P HD, water proof 10 Nikon 1,500 Semen centrifuge
5 Mini centrifuge electronic machine 6000rmp, 1.5ml x 8 capacity 1 164
6 Pipette controller micro-classic GmbH 2 96
7 Camping Tent 105 x 200 cmx 104cm 10 Decathlon Quechua 500 For camping during field work
8 Canine Electro-ejaculator system MINITUB (For dod, wolf) 2 Equine Repro. Supplies Ltd/ Minitube 5,000 Semen Collection
9 Garmin orgen GPS 650-3 inch handled with 8mp digital camera 2 Decathlon 600 For geographical location data collection
10 Rubber jaw canine trap rubber jaw coilspring 10 100
11 Microscope slide and coverslips Standard 5 pack for each HoneyT – Scientific Limited 500 Genialia preparation and preservation
12 Sterile canine semen collection vial 4ml, tulip shape graduated 5 pack Minitüb GmbH, Hauptstraße 41, 84184 Tiefenbach - 150
Germany, Phone: +49 8709 9229 0
13 Ice box 30-50l 1 500 Sample transport
14 Equitainer Cooled Semen Shipping Containers, Equisure - Hardside, Reusable 5 pack Minitüb GmbH, Hauptstraße 41, 84184 Tiefenbach - 600 Semen transport
Germany, Phone: +49 8709 9229 0
15 CANIPLUS FREEZE ONE-STEP CANINE SEMEN EXTENDER CaniPlus freeze 10 vial mini tube GmbH, Hauptsrabe 500 Semen extension for Canine
16 Mini straw 0.25ml 25 pack Breeders chocie/ imv technologies 3,000 Semen storage
17 Straws 0.5 ml 25 pack imv technologies/ Breeders chocie 3,000 Semen storage
18 STRAW CUTTER For cutting sealed end of the semen straw. 3 Breeders chocie 60 For cutting sealed end of the semen straw.
19 Straw sealing powder Sealing powder - for straws - White - 750 grams Bot (3) Breeders chocie 80 Straw tap
20 Cryo-Marker Permanent - Fine Tip Permant, standard pack of 6 Breeders chocie 50 Lebelling
21 Deep Freezer in Freezers 500/600/800liter 24 Volt Solar Deep Chest Freezer 2 PC Thermo Fisher Scientific 2,000 For temporary specimen storage
22 Long term LN2 storage tanks France brand, 2 L 2 IMV Technologies/ Alibaba 400 Semen preservation
23 Liquid nitrogen container (cryo tank) 35L with 215 normal holding days,insulated and with 6 canisters 2 Minitüb GmbH, Hauptstraße 41, 84184 Tiefenbach - 1,500 Liquid nitrogen storage
Germany, Phone: +49 8709 9229 0
24 Sample (Storage) vials Plastic Pack /10 Fisher scientific 250
25 Styrofoam Insulated plastic cooler (10W x 10L x 20H) 2 Tornado 60
26 Digital Thermometer Flat head (reading at the top) 2 20 Measuring temperature
27 Camping table Foldable 2 Decathlon, Quechua 80 During field work for sample preparation
28 Canon powershot Sxs 420 digital camera 1 Amazon 233
29 Snake hook Anrain 47 extra heaveduty snake tougues reptile graper capture 3 Amazon 90 Trapping snake
30 Electronic digital vernier Lewiswear stainless steel calipar 150mm per 0-6 inch with LCD screen 1 Amazon 25
31 Labnet D1200 ACCUBLOCK, Digital dry bath ABSINSTOCK.COM D1200 1 ABSINSTOCK.COM 76 Genialia preparation
32 Storage Boxes Model Size
33 Insect Storage BoxSize53x45x9 cm RI-61-01 125 Rescholar Equipment /Bioquip 5,000 Lepidoptera speciman storage
34 Insect Storage BoxSize 45x30x7.5 cm RI-61-02 125 Rescholar Equipment /Bioquip 5,000 Lepidoptera speciman storage
37 Insect Pins - Stainless Steel 20 Paradox Company 80
Insect Pins - Stainless Steel No 000
length 38 mm, Ø 0,25 mm, 100 pcs. For pinning the specimen for identification and storage
20 Paradox Company 80
length 38 mm, Ø 0,45 mm, 100 pcs For pinning the specimen for identification and storage
Insect Pins - Stainless Steel No 7 5 Paradox Company 20
length 52 mm, Ø 0,70 mm, 100 pcs For pinning the specimen for identification and storage
1
No Item Specification Quantity Example Supplier Price (EURO) Purpose/ Justification
38 Lepidoptera Spreading Boards/setting boards Groove mm. 5, width mm 65, length mm. 420 100 Paradox Company 1,450 For relaxing and identifying the specimen
39 Lepidoptera Spreading Boards/setting boards Groove mm. 3, width mm 53, length mm. 420 50 Omnes artes 725 For relaxing and identifying the specimen
40 Lepidoptera Spreading Boards/setting boards Groove mm. 7, width mm 87, length mm. 420 100 Omnes artes 1,600 For relaxing and identifying the specimen
41 Lepidoptera Spreading Boards/setting boards Groove mm. 15, width mm 200, length mm. 420 100 Omnes artes 2,000 For relaxing and identifying the specimen
42 Ultra Sonic Bath (water bath) Grant XUBA3, 5-10L, 10 - 100 °C 1 Wolf Laboratories / Advantage-Lab 250 For heating samples
43 Electro-ejaculator with probe Standard 1 Alibaba 3,430 Semen collection
44 Pesola hanging scale balance 1kg and 0.5 kg 1 Alibaba 100 For measuring weight
45 Computer Automated Sperm Analysis (CASA) Standard 1 Ivf1.com 5,000 For check semen motility and concentration
46 Straw filling and sealing machine Automatic, 4 straws at a time 1 iMV/ Minitube 50,000 For straw filling and sealing
47 Spectrophotometer Uv Vis. Double Beam 1 IndiaMART/ Daigger 7,000 To measure semen concentration
48 Tranquilizer gun For antelopes 2 Amazon 572
49 Tranquilizer dart 20 Amazon 115
50 Artificial Bovine vagina Rubber band 4 IMV Technologies/ Nasco 1,000 Semen collection
51 Artificial Stallion vagina Colorado 2 All Veterinary Supply, Inc. 1,300 Semen collection
52 Artificial Sheep and Goat vagina Rubber band 4 Minitube 800 Semen collection
53 Microscope slide warmer/Warming plate Digital (20°C to 50°C) 1 Thomas Scientific / Glass Laboratory 350 To heat microscope slides and cover slip
54 Pipettes Automatic, 5 -10 mL 5 86 Sample measuring
55 Polymerase chain reaction, PCR machine Thermo Fisher Scientific 1 Thermofisher/ IndiaMART 15,000 Molecular identification
56 PCR multi-well plates 96 well 2 pack Fisher Scientific 500
57 Thermo-shaker BioSan 1 Fisher Scientific, ProfiLab24 600 Shaking and tempreture control
58 FIREPol DNA Polymerase Solis Biodyne 10 Solisbiodyne/ Integrated Sciences 500
59 Ultrasound/endoscope 1.5–15 megahertz 1 veterinary ultrasonic scanner 800 Examining female reproductive tract
60 Plastic embryos straws Cryo-tip (0.25-0.5 ml) Nasco 515 Embryo storage
61 Portable Incubator Darwin Chambers 1 Darwinchambers.com 900 Equipment heating in the field
62 Micro-centrifuge tubes 1.5 ml 1 345
63 Gel staining trays Plastic 10 Dulova 1,000 Staining
64 Liquid nitrogen plant 1 Alibaba/ IMV Technologies 130,000 Produce liquid nitrogen
65 Illumina Hiseq/Genetic analyzer 2500 sequencer 1 Illumina/ Mrdnalab 30,000 Gene sequencing
66 Electrophoresis System (UVP) 2D PROTEAN 1 Cole-Parmer/ Lap. equipment 2,000 Gel documentation
67 Electro-Eluter Model 422 1 Bio-Rad/ News Medical 400 Electro-elution cell for preparative recovery
68 Sherman trap (Alumunim foldable) 5.08 x 6.35 x 16.51 cm Pcs Forestry suppliers 5,000
69 Range finder Nikon forestery pro laser range finder 100 pc Amazon 450
70 Bat sound detector SSFbat2detector 1 nhbs 220
71 Compound Heated Stage Phase-Contrast Microscope LW Scientific i4 Semen Analysis Microscope with Heated Stage 1 New York Microscope Company 4,000 Check sperm Motility
72 Wooden rat trap 7'Lx3.25'w. 100 Alibaba 50
73 Automatic Straw printer Computer programmable 1 Minitube/ IndiaMART 4,000 Output data printing on straw
74 Centrifuge chargeable Automatic, 100 - 4000rpm 1 Alibaba/ onrochemical.com 300 Sample separation on field work
75 Straw positioning device Plastic 4 IMV Technologies 80 Straw adjustment
76 Straw distributor block Stainless steel, for 175 straws 10 IMV Technologies 1,000 Straw distributor
77 Goblets Plastic 25 IMV Technologies 500 Semen straw storage
78 Cooling cabinet Bio-freezer 1 IMV Technologies 400 Liquid nitrogen vapour freezing
79 Refrigerator Horizontal +4/5 semen Cooling Castle 1 Minitube 3,000 Processing semen at 4/5 degree centigrade
80 Sterilizing oven Dry Heat 1 Microbeonline/ JP SELECTA 2,000 Sterilization of grasswares
81 Autoclave Sterilizer Low pressure 1 Microbeonline/ iMV 1,000 Sterilization of rubberwares
82 Collection Vials Graduated Borosilcate 10 pack LAB Comercial 800 Semen collection
83 Cylinders or beakers Graduated glass 10 LAB Comercial 700 Measuring solutions
84 Vaginal/cervical Speculum Stainless steel 2 50 Examine female reproductive tracts
85 Water distiller/Deionizer machine Thermo scientific 1 Spectrum Chemical 1,500 Distilled water production
86 Petridishes Glass 5 pack 250 Sample examination
87 Digital semen Thaw unit Standard 1 Nasco 240 Semen activation
88 Embryo dishes Plastic 10 ProSciTech/ agarscientific 45 Embryo processing
89 Laminar flow hood Horzontal station 1 Terra Universal 4,000 Safety specimen processing
90 Manual straw filling device 0.25 and 0.5 ml plastic straws 1 Nasco 525 Semen fillin in the field
91 Deep freezer NuAire Glacier 1 Nuaire/ Labrepco 8,000 Sample preservation at lower temperature
Total 340,432
2
ANNEX 6: LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND
SOME SUPPLIERS
Annex 6: List of Equipment and some Suppliers1
No. Item Suppliers

1 Balances Mettler-Toledo (Schweiz) AG, Switzerland
Sartorius AG, Germany
Fisher Scientific, USA
2 Cold rooms BMIL International, Inc., USA
Huurre Group Oy., Finland
Foster Refrigerator, United Kingdom
3 Containers (Aluminium foil bags, cans) Barrier Foil Products Co., United Kingdom
Embarcadero Home Cannery, USA
Data loggers OAKTON Instruments, USA
4 Dehumidifier Bry-Air Inc., USA
Munters Limited, United Kingdom
5 Distillation apparatus Cole-Parmer Instruments Co., USA
Thomas Scientific, USA
6 Drying cabinet/room Huurre Group Oy., Finland
Munters Limited, United Kingdom
Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
7 Germination cabinet Controlled Environments Limited, Canada
Seedburo Equipment Co., USA
Weiss Gallenkemp Ltd., United Kingdom
8 Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin International Inc., USA
9 Incubator Weiss Gallenkemp Ltd, United Kingdom
10 Magnifier lamp Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
11 Moisture testers (Quick meter, Hygropalm) Seedburo Equipment Co., USA
Rotronic Instruments (UK) Ltd, United
Kingdom
12 Oven (mechanical/gravity convection) Cole-Parmer Instruments Co., USA
13 Purity workboard Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
1
This list of suppliers is not for endorsement
1
No. Item Suppliers
14 Sealing machine (aluminium foil bags/Cans) Aluminium foil bags Audion Elektro BV, The
Netherlands
Hulme-Martin Tavak, UK
Can sealer: Embarcadero Home Cannery,
USA
15 Seed blower Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
16 Seed counter Seedburo Equipment Co., USA
17 Seed-counting boards Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
16 Seed divider Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
17 Shelving (mobile/static) Crown Industrial, USA
Montel, Canada
18 Sieves, graded Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
19 Stereo microscope Cole-Parmer Instruments Co., USA
20 Supplies, General (Germination paper, Lab. Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
ware (petrishes, forceps, desiccator, other Seedburo Equipment Co., USA
glassware, chemicals etc.)
Whatman plc., UK
21 Thermo hygrometer, hygro-thermograph Fisher Scientific, USA
Cole-Parmer Instruments Co., USA
22 Thresher, mechanical Hoffman Manufacturing Co., USA
2
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2020-03-19 ETH BioDiv - Mission Report 1 EBI Needs Assessment - Final

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March 2020

CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE

Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA)

Financed through KfW Development Bank

Contact: Mr Kumara Wakjira GEMEDA

KfW German Development Bank

Contact: Mr Thomas H. WOLF

Consultant: GITEC-IGIP GmbH

Contact: Mr Peter KEIL-BRUDER

Prepared by: Regassa Feyissa (Short-term EBI Needs Assessment Consultant)

Date: 19 March 2020

Annex 1: List of Forest Species Germplasm

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1: Current status of forest germplasm collections at EBI 2

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

CTA Chief Technical Advisor

2 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN STORING FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES

No. species No. samples/ %total holding

2.2 Laboratory equipment and personnel

2.3 Challenges with Facilities

Seed drying room

2.4 Installation of a new seed drying room

2.5 Cold seed storage room

2.6 Seed germination test

Equipment and space

2.8 Staff training

2.9 Power supply

2.10 Working space

3 ASSESSMENT OF EDI’S CAPACITY IN ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCE CONSERVATION

3.1 Techniques for animal genetic resources conservation by gene banks

3.2 Main objectives of conserving animal genetic resources

3.3 Current status of animal genetic resources conservation at EBI

3.4 Planned activities by Animal Genetic resources Directorate at EBI

3.4.1 Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR) maintenance

3.6.1 Small repositories

3.6.2 Medium-sized repositories

3.6.3 Large-sized repositories

o Makler counter chamber (or disposable counting chamber), or

4.1 Forest genetic resource program

4.1.2 Links to local communities

4.1.3 Organizational issues

4.2 Animal genetic resource program

4.3 Equipment and facilities

4.4 Organization of activities

5.2 Next steps

5.3 Forest and Rangeland Directorate

5.4 Animal Biodiversity Directorate

Annex 1: List of Forest Species Germplasm

Annex 2: Forage Germplasm maintained

Annex 3: Medicinal Plants Germplasm

Annex 4: List of Equipment for Forest Genetic

Annex 5: List of Equipment and Materials for

Annex 6: List of Equipment and some Suppliers

No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc.

No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc.

No Species No. Acc.

No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc.

No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc. No Species No. Acc.