SOCIOLOGY

OPTIONAL
UNIT-7C (Lecture-32) | POLITICS AND SOCIETY–
Nation, State, Citizenship, Democracy, Civil Society,
Ideology-Part 2
CHAPTER 7: POLITICS AND SOCIETY
UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
➢ Analyze the nature of transition from ideology to identity politics in India. (2022, 20
Marks, 250 Words)

➢ Highlight the roles and functions of civil society in a democratic system. (2021, 10
Marks, 150 Words)

➢ Explain democracy as an order of society. What are the factors preventing people’s
participation in politics? (2020, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

➢ What is Civil Society? Present a note on Civil Society engagement with science and
technology policy in India. (2019, 10 marks, 150 words)
 UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
➢ Discuss the changing interface between state and civil society in post-independent India.
(2017, 10 marks, 150 words)

➢ “Ideology is crucial for social transformation in a democracy”. Discuss. (2015, 10 marks,

150 words)

➢ Caste Ideology appears to have strengthened democracy. Comment. (2015, 10 marks, 150
words)

➢ “Globalization involves Deterritorialization”. Explain with reference to the nation state.

(2015, 20 marks, 250 words)

➢ Discuss T H Marshall’s views on Citizenship. (2014, 10 Marks, 150 Words)

1. Citizenship
➢ Introduction:

➢ Formal Definition: According to T H Marshall, Citizenship is full and equal

membership in a political community.

➢ Examples:
1.1 Characteristics of Citizenship
1.2 Various Theories on Citizenship
➢ Liberal Theory:

➢ Republican Theory:
1.2.1 Various Theories on Citizenship
➢ Libertarian Theory:

➢ Marxist Theory:
1.2.2 Various Theories on Citizenship
➢ Pluralist Theory:

➢ Feminist Theory:
1.2.3 Various Theories on Citizenship
➢ Gandhi Theory:

➢ Global Citizenship Theory:

1. Oxfam, “A Global Citizen is someone who is aware of and understands the wider world
and their place in it. They take an active role in their community and work with
others to make our planet more equal, fair and sustainable”.
1.3 Various types of Citizenship
2. Ideology
➢ Introduction:

➢ Formal Definition: It refers to sum total of a person’s values, beliefs,

assumptions and expectations.

➢ Examples:
2.1 Thinker’s View on Ideology
2.2 End of Ideology (More Information)
➢ Daniel Bell:

➢ Seymour M Lipset:

➢ Rostow:

➢ Immanuel Wallerstein:
Thank You