MATH1020U: Chapter 3 cont… 1

TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION cont…

Trigonometric Integrals (Section 3.2; Book 2)

Recall: We’ve dealt with integrating trig functions before, e.g. .

Question: Now what about, for example, ?

Example:

What if both powers of the trigonometric functions are odd?

MATH1020U: Chapter 3 cont… 2

Example:

What if both powers of the trigonometric functions are even?

Example:

The following formulas will help:

Half-Angle Formulas:

Double-Angle Formulas:

Example:

Example:
MATH1020U: Chapter 3 cont… 3

What happens when we want to integrate powers of and , or and

?

The following formulas will help:

Also, recall the following:

Master Plan for secx and tanx (same concept for cscx and cotx):

1. If you have an even power of , then:

2. If you have an odd power of , then:

Example:
MATH1020U: Chapter 3 cont… 4

Summary of the Overall Strategy:

(Note: pg. 277 and 280 of the text give the strategy more formally)

Powers of sin(x) and cos(x):

One power odd split up odd power

Both powers odd easiest to split up the smallest power

Both powers even use half-angle or double-angle formulas

Powers of tan(x) and sec(x):

If has an even power split off

If has an odd power split off

Powers of cot(x) and csc(x):

Similar strategy as for and

Other combinations of trig functions (not “natural pairings”):

Convert to and and follow those rules

Let’s finish off with some extra examples:

Example:
MATH1020U: Chapter 3 cont… 5

Example:

Example: