Printed Pages — 6 Roll No. : 337554(37) B. E. (Fifth Semester) Examination April-May/Nov.-Dec. 2020 (New Scheme) (Mechanical Engineering Branch) FLUID MACHINERY Time Allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 80 Minimum Pass Marks : 28 Note : Part (a) of each question is compulsory. Answer any two parts from (b), (c) and (da) in each question. Unit-I 1. (a) Explain “Boundary Layer”. (b) Derive VonKarman momentum integral equation for boundary layer. x 337554(37) PTO[2] [3] (c) Obtain an expression for coefficient of lift for a head of 510 m. The jet diameter is 200 mm its rotating cylinder placed in a uniform flow. 7 deflection inside the bucket is 165° and its relative velocity is reduced by 15% due to friction. (d) A smooth plate 2 m wide & 2:5 m long is towed in oil (sp. gr. = -8) at a velocity of 1-5 m/s along its Determine : length. Find the thickness of boundary layer & shear (i) Water power stress at the training edge of the plate V,i = 104 (@ Resultant force on the bucket (ii) Overall efficiency. m/s. 7 take mechanical loss = 3% Unit-IT Coefficient of velocity = .98 2. (a) Define specific speed of turbine. 2 speed ratio = -46 (b) Describe with a neat sketch the governing mechanism Unit-T of a pelton turbine. 7 3. (a) What is Draft tube (c) A nozzle of 60 mm diameter delivers of stream of (b) Show that the hydraulic efficiency for a Francis turbine water at 24 m/s perpendicular to a plate that moves having velocity of flow through runner as constant is away from the jet at 6 m/s 7 given by relation : Find : @)_ The force on the plate 1 2 (i) The workdone Nin = J ttant (y-tane (iii) The efficiency of the jet tan® (d) A single jet pelton wheel runs at 300 rpm under a 337554(37) 337554(37) PTO[4] [5] (c) What is cavitation? How can its be avoided in (d) It is required to deliver -048 m*/s of water to a Reaction turbine? Explain. 7 height of 24 m through a 150 mm diameter pipe & 120 m long by centrifugal pump. If the overall (d) A reaction turbine works at 450 rpm under a head efficiency of the pump is 75% & co-efficient of of 120 m, Its diameter at inlet is 1-2 m and the flow area is -4 m?, The angles make by absolute & relative velocities at inlet are 20° & 60° respectively friction f= -01 for the pipe line. Find the power x required to drive the pump. with tangential velocity. . » / Unit-V Determine : @ The volume flow rate 5. (a) Explain Slip 2 (i) The Power developed (b) How will you classify the reciprocating pumps? (ti) The hydraulic efficiency Explain main parts of Reciprocating pumps. 7 Unit-IV (c) Define an indicator diagram. How will you prove s . that area of indicator diagram is proportional to the 4. (2) Write down the principle of working of a centrifugal pump. 2 work done by reciprocating pump 7 . . (d) A single acting reciprocating pump has a stroke length (b) Explain the working ofa single stare centrifugal pump with a neat sketch & list the components parts. 7 of 150 mm, suction pipe is 7 m long & the ratio of suction pipe diameter to the piston diameter is 3/4. (c) Explain briefly with neat sketches the following types The water level in the sump is 2.5 m below the axis of casing : 7 of the pump cylinder & the pipe connecting the @ Volute casing sump & pump cylinder is 75 mm in diameter. If the (i) Vortex casing crank is running at 75 rpm. Determine the pressure 337554(37) 337554(37) PTO[6] head on the piston at the beginning, middle & end of the suction stroke. Take friction co-efficient f= .01 100] 337554(37)Printed Pages — 6 ROM NO. ..cissopsezaseasessvaresnesnie , C037513(037) B. Tech. (Fifth Semester) Examination, Noy.-Dec. 2021 A)S TE (New Scheme) (Mech. Engg. Branch) FLUID MACHINES Time Allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35 Note : Attempt all questions. From each question part (a) is compulsory and carries 4 marks and attempt any two parts from (b), (c) and (d) each carries 8 marks. Unit-I 1. (a) Define boundary layer and boundary thickness. 4 (b) Derive an expression for Von-Karman momentum equation for boundary layer flow. 8 C037513(037) PTO[2] [3] (c) A plate 450 mm x 150 mm has been placed the magnitude and direction of the resultant force longitudinally in a steam of crude oil (specific gravity on the vane, if the vane & stationary. 8 0-925 and kinematic viscosity of 0-9 stoke) which flows with velocity of 6 m/s. Calculate : 8 (c) A stationary vane having an inlet angle 0° and outlet (i) The friction drag on the plate angle 25° receives water at velocity 50. m/s. determine the components of force acting on it in the direction of jet velocity and normal to it. Also find magnitude and direction per kg of flow. 8 di) Thickness of the boundary layer at the trailing edge, and (ii) Shear stress at the trailing edge. (@) A pelton wheel is to be designed for the following (d) A kite weighing 9.8 N having an area 1 m? make an specifications : 8 angle of 7° to the horizontal when flying in a wind of | P shaft) = 9560 kW 36 km/h. If pull on the string attached to the kite is Power (brake of sha 49 N and it is inclined to the horizontal at 45°. | Head =, 35 metres Calculate the lift and drag coefficients for the kite in Speed “= 750 rp.m, the given position. Take density of air is 1-2 kg/m}, 8 | Overall efficiency = 85% Uniti Jet dimeter = not to exceed 1/6" of the wheel diameter 2. (a) Derive the forece exerted ona stationary flat plate Determine the following : held normal to the jet. Explain with proper diagram. 4 . (i) The wheel diameter, (b) A jet of water from a nozzle is deflected through (i) Diameter of the jet, and 60° from its original direction by curved plate which it enters tangentially without shock with a velocity of 30 m/s and leaves with a mean velocity of 25 m/s. Ifthe discharge from the nozzle is 0-8 kg/s, calculate (ii) The number of jets required. Take C,, (Co-efficient of velocity) = 0-985, Speed ratio = 0-45 t €037513(037) C037513(037) Prot4] [5] Unit-IIL (d) Show that in a turbine, with radial vanes at inlet and ic efliciency is given by : 3. (a) What are tubular or bulb turbine? 4 outlet, the hydraulic efficiency is g 2 2 (b) An inward flow reaction turbine has external and n= 2+tan?a internal diameters as 1-08 and 0-54 m. The turbine is running at 200 r.p.m. The width of the turbine at inlet is 240 mm and velocity of flow through the Unit-IV runner is constant and is equal to 2:16 m/s, The guide blades make an angle of 10° to the tangent of the wheel and discharge at the outlet of the turbine is radial. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and determine : 8 Assuming the velocity of flow is remaining constant. 8 4. (a) Define cavitation phenomenon in centrifugal pump. 4 (b) Draw a neat sketch of centrifugal pump and explain how it operates. 8 @) The absolute velocity of water at inlet of the (c) Explain the following efficiencies of a centrifugal runner, pump. Gi) The velocity of whirl at inlet, (i) Manometric efficiency (ii) The relative velocity at inlet, Gi) Volumetric efficiency (iv) The runner blade angles, (iii) Mechanical efficiency (v) Width of runner at outlet. (iv) Overall efficiency 8 (c) A kaplan turbine develops 22000 kW at an average (d) A centrifugal pump is to discharge 0-118 m*/s at a head of 35 m. Assuming a speed ratio of 2, flow ratio of 0-6, diameter of the boss equal to 0-35 times the diameter of the runner and an overall efficiency of 88%, calculate the diameter, speed and specific speed of the turbine. €037513(037) speed of 1450 r.p.m. against a head of 25 m. The impeller diameter is 250 mm, its width at outlet is 50 mm and manometric efficiency is 75 percent. Determine the vane angle at the outer periphery of the impeller. €037513(037) PTO 8[6] Unit-y 5. (a) Define slip, percentage of slip and negative slip of Teciprocating pump. (b) With neat and clean figure explain the “Indicator Diagram’. (©) Define the main components and working of reciprocating pump. (d) A single-acting reciprocating pump, running at 50 rp.m. and delivers 0-00736 m/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 200 mm and stroke length 300 mm. The suction and delivery heads are 3-5 m and 11-5 respectively, Determine : (i) Theoretical discharge (i) Co-efficient of discharge (iii) Percentage slip of the pump, and (iv) Power required to run the pump. 100} €037513(037)Printed Pages — 7 ROMNO. fo cocsscccsssssessennecseseees C037513(037) 2022 B. Tech. (Fifth Semester) Examination, April-May 262+ (AICTE Scheme) (Mech. Engg. Branch) 7 FLUID MACHINES Time Allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35 . Note : Attempt all questions. Part (a) of each question is compulsory. Attempt any two parts from (b), (c) and (d) in all the units. Unit-I 1. (a) Define the terms ; laminar boundary, turbulent boundary, 4 (b) The velocity distribution in the boundary layer is given by: (u/U) = 2(v/3)-(»/8)*,8 being boundary C037513(037) PTO[2] layer thickness, Calculate the following 8 () Displacement thickness [3] overall efficiency = 85%, jet dia. = not to exceed 1/6 of the wheel dia. (ii) Moment thickness and Energy thickness Determine the following lermine the wing : (©) Derive the Von-Karman integral equation for (@) the wheel dia. boundary layer flow over a flat plate. 8 (ii) dia. of the jet d) A i (d) oe plate 2m wide and 2-5 m long is (ai) the no, of jets required in oi (Specific gravity = 0-8) ata velocity of Take = C,,= 0-985, speed ratio = 0-45. “5 m/s along its length. Find the thickness of the : . boundary layer and the shear stress at the trailing (d) A jet of water having a velocity of 36 m/s strikes a edge of the plate. Take kinematic visco: sity of series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel oil = 104 m/s, 8 which is rotating at 240 rpm. The jet makes an angle of 20° with the tangent to the wheel at inlet and Unit-IT leaves the wheel with a velocity of 6 m/s at an angle of 130° to the tangent to the wheel at the outlet. Water is flowing from outward in a radial direction. The outer and inner radii of the wheel are 500 mm 2. (a) Explain the impulse momentum principle? What is a fluid jet? 4 (b) Derive an expression the force exerted by the jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in the direction of jet. 8 and 250 mm respectively. Determine : © A pelton wheel is to be desi ned fi is specifications : Sed for the following @_ Vane angles at inlet and outer, ii) Work done per second per N of water, and Power (brake of shaft) = 9560 kW, head = 350 m, S kedog p speed 750 rpm., (ii) Efficiency of the wheel €037513(037) €037513(037) PTO{4] [5] Unit-I 150 r.p.m. and hydraulic losses in turbine are 22% 3. (a) What is reaction turbine? . 4 of the available energy. Assuming radial discharge, a . Determine : (b) A Kaplan turbine working under’a head of 20 m, . develop 11772 kW shaft power. The outer diameter @ the guide blade angle of runner is 3.5 m and hub diameter is 1.75 m. The (i) the wheel vane angle at inlet guide blade angle at the extreme edge of runner is (ii) diameter of wheel at inlet 35°. The hydraulic and overall efficiency of turbine (iv) width of wheel at inlet 88% and 84% respectively. If the velocity of whirl is zero at outlet. Unit-IV Determine : 4. (a) Define : Slip, percentage of slip and negative slip of @ runner vane angles at inlet and outlet at extreme reciprocating pump. edge of runner and (b) Obtain an expression for the pressure head due to i) speed of turbine 8 acceleration in the suction and delivery pipes. (©) Give the comparison between impulse and reaction (c) A single-acting reciprocating pump has a diameter turbines. 8 (piston) of 150 mm and stroke length of 350 mm. (d) A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 75% The center of the pump is 3.5 m above the water is require to produce 148-25 kW power. It is surface in the sump and 22 m below the delivery working under a head of 7-62 m. The peripheral water level. Both the suction and delivery pipes have the same diameter of 100 mm and are 5 m and velocity is 026 \/ 2 gH and radial velocity of flow 30 m long respectively. If the pump is working at at inlet is 0-96 .[2 gH . The wheel runs at 30 rpm, €037513(037) €037513(037) PTO{7] Gi) The angle absolute velocity of water at exit makes with the tangent, and [6] Determine : @ The pressure heads on the piston at the : beginning, middle and end of both suction and (ii) The work done per unit weight of water 8 delivery strokes, and (@) Derive an expression for the work done by the (ii) The power required to drive the pump impeller of a centrifugal pump on water per second it wei 8 Take atmosphere presure as 10-3 m of water. 8 per unit weight of water. (d) Describe the principle and working of a recipro- cating pump. 8 Unit-V 5. (a) What do you understand by manometric head ofa centrifugal pump? 4 (b) Explain the construction and working of a single stage centrifugal pump with a neat sketch, 8 (c) The impeller of a centrifugal pump had an external diameter of 450 mm and internal diameter of 200 mm. It runs at 1440 rpm. Assuming a constant radial flow through the impeller at 2:5 m/s and that the vane at exit are set back at an angle of 250 Determine : () Inlet vane angle, '037513(037) €037513(037) 100] c “=Printed Pages — 6+2 =8 Roll NO, ....cssccocesosssrsesacssennes C037513(037) B, Tech. (Fifth Semester) Examination, Nov.-Dee. 2023 " ew Scheme) (Mech. Engg. Branch) FLUID MACHINES Time Allowed : Three hours il] : Maximum Marks : 100 efi rq : Minimum Pass Marks : 35 Note : Attempt all questions. From each question «+ part (a) is compulsory and carries 4 marks and attempt any two parts from (b), (c) and (@ each carries 8 marks. Unit-I Oo 1. (a) Define boundary layer thickness and displacement y thickness. 4 €037513(037) PTO(21 Define Energy Thickness. Derive an expression for the energy thickness. ® oe fy 8 -f ah fe] (c) A metallic ball of diameter 2 x 10--m drops in a fluid of sp. Gr. 0.95 and viscosity 15 poise. The density of the metallic ball is 12000 kg/m?. Find : : @) The drag force exerted by fluid on metallic ball, Gi) The pressure drag and skin friction drag, ii) The terminal velocity of ball in fluid. (d) The air having a velocity of 40 m/s is flowing over a cylinder of diameter 1-5 m and length 10 m, when the axis of the cylinder is perpendicular to the air stream. The cylinder is rotated about its axis and a lift of 6867 N per metre length of the cylinder is developed. Find the speed of rotation and location of the stagnation points. The density of air is given as 1-25 kg/m’. Unit- 2. (a) Define the terms : €037513(037) & p) [3] (@ Impact of jets, and @ (i) Jet Propulsion (b) Find an expression for the efficiency of a series of moving curved vanes when a jet of water strikes the vanes at the one of tips. (c) Define the term ‘Governing of a turbine’. Describe "with the neat sketch of governing of Pelton turbine. (d) The penstock supplies water from a reservoir-o the Pelton wheel with a gross head of 500 m. One-third of the gross head is lost in friction in the penstock. The rate of flow of water through the nozzle fitted at the end of the penstock is 2-0 m?/s. The angle of deflection of the jet is 165°. Determine the power given by the water to the runner and also hydraulic efficiency of the Pelton wheel. Take speed ratio = 0-45 and C, = 1-0. Unit-I 3. (a) What is Cavitation? How can it be avoided in reaction turbine? (b) A turbine is to operate under-a head of 25 m at 200 rp.m. the discharge is 9 m3/s. if the efficiency is eh pe . nu Oo €037513(037) eo eo PTO| 151 (d) A centrifugal puinp delivers water against a net head of 14-5 metres anda design speed of 1000 r.p.m. The vanes are curved back to an angle of 30° with the periphery. The impeller diameter is.300 mm and the outlet width 50 mm. Determine the discharge of 90%, determine the performance of the turbine under a head of 20 metres. 8 (c) Define the terms : specific speed of a turbine, unit speed, unit power and unit rate of flow of a turbine. Derive th expression for specific speed and unit the pump if manometric efficiency is 95%. 8 speed. : 8 (d) Explain and write the characteristics curves of Unit-V o hydraulic turbines. 8 5. (a) What is an air vessel? Describe the function of the air vessel for reciprocating pumps. 2 ee ee 4 Unit-IV (b) Derive an expression for the head lost due to friction 4. (a) Define the terms; Hydraulic machines, Turbines and z is : : . in the delivery pipe of a reciprocating pump with - : 4 Lees r and without air vessel. 8 Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive © a ae pain ‘aa : (©) The length’and diameter ofa suction pipe ofasingle- acting reciprocating pump are 5 m and 10 cm tespectively. The pump has a plunger of diameter 15 cm and a stroke length of 35 cm. The center of the pump is 3 m above the water surface-in the (c) A centrifugal pump with’a'1-2 m diameter runs at 200 r.p.m. and pumps 1880 liters/s, the average lift being 6 m. The angle which the vanes make at exit with the tangent to the impeller is 26° and the radial velocity of flow is-2-5 m/s. Determine the manometric pump. The atmospheric pressure head is 10-3 m of water and pump is running at 35 r.p.ni. 8 efficiency and the least speed to start pumping against a head of 6 m, the inner diameter of the impeller being 0:6 m. C037513(037) Determine: (i) Pressure head due to acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke, ° 5 o C037513(037)[6] (ii) Maximum pressure head due to acceleration and a (ii) Pressure head in the cylinder at the beginning and at the end of the stroke (d) A single-acting reciprocating pump has a plunger 1130] diameter of 250 mm and stroke of 450 mm and it is driven with S.H.M. at 60 r.p.m. the length and _ diameter of the delivery pipe are 60 m and 100 mm respectively. Determine the power saved in overcoming friction in the delivery pipe by fitting an air vessel on the delivery side of the pump. Assume the friction factor = 0-01 €037513(037)PrintedPages—-8 = —_ Roll No. : .A 202A C037513(037) B. Tech. (Fifth Semester) Examination, April-May 2023 (AICTE Scheme) (Mech. Engg. Branch) FLUID MACHINES _Time Allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 100 Minimum Pass Marks : 35. Note : Attempt all questions. Part (a) of each question is compulsory and carry equal 4 marks. Attempt arty two parts from (b), (c) and (d) in all the units & carries equal 8 marks. Unit-I 1. (a) Define Drag and Lift force on an object immersed in areal fluid. 4 C037513(037) PTO[2] (b) Why and how separation of boundary layer occurs? What are the methods adopted for prevention of separation-of boundary layer? e 2 For the velocity profile intaminar-boundary layer as, / = Sil 2) 26 (2 a find the thickness of the boundary layer and the shear stress 1.5 m from the leading edge of a plate. The plate is2 m long and 1.4 m wide and is placed in water which is moving with a velocity of 200 mm per second. Find the total force on the plate if p for water = .01 poise. (d) A kite weighing 9.8 N and having and area | m? makes an angle of 7° to horizontal when flying ina wind of 36 km/h. If pull on the string attached to the kite is 49 N and it is inclined to the horizontal at 45°, calculate the lift and drag, co-efficients. Takep for-air =1.2 kg/m’. Unit-IT 2. (a) Define Gross Head, Net Head and different efficiencies of Turbine. eae 037513(037) 13d (b) A 7.5 cm diameter jet having a velocity of 30 m/s strikies a flat plate, the normal of which is inclined at 45° to the axis of the jet. Find the normal pressure on the plate: (i) when the plate is stationary, and (ii) when the plate is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s and away from the jet. Also determine the power @) The wheel diameter, (i), Diameter of the jet, and (iii) The number of jets required. €037513(037) and efficiency of the jet when the plate is moving. 8 xplain the Governing of Impulse Turbine with a neat diagram. AL 8 Sh A Pelton wheel is to be designed for the following specifications :_ 8 Power (brake or shaft) - 9560 kW Head - 350 Meters Speed - 750 r.p.m. Overall efficiency - 85% Jet diameter - not to exceed 1/6th of the wheel diameter Determine the following a14] Take C,= 0.985, Speed ratio = 0.45. Unit-I 3. (a) Explain the Draft tube and its purpose. @ (b) A Kaplan turbine runner is to be designed to develop © 9100 kW. The net available head is 5.6 m. If the speed ratio = 2.09, flow ratio = 0.68, overall efficiency = 86% and the diameter of the boss is 1/3 the diameter of the runner. Find the diameter of the runner, its speed and the specific speed of the turbine. _ Show that the hydraulic efficiency for a Francis turbine having velocity of flow through runner as constant, @ is given by the relation : 1 Th = 1 =tan? a 1+ 7+ (ie) tan@ where = Guide blade angle and @ = Runner vane angle at inlet. 037513(037) 15] i The turbine is having radial discharge at outlet. (d) A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of 76% is require to produce 150 kW. It is working under a head of 8m. The peripheral velocity = 0.25 J 2 gH and radial velocity of flow at inlet is 0-95 ,/2gH . The wheel runs at 150 r.p.m. and hydraulic losses in turbine are 20% of the available energy. Assuming radial discharge, & Determine : (@)~ The -guide blade angle Gi) The wheel vane angle at inlet Gi) Diameter of wheel at inlet (iv) Width of wheel at inlet 8 Unit-IV tee Explain the following with respect to the centrifiigal | res oO. @ Effect of cavitation (i) Net positive suction Head G9 The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrfugal €037513(037) PTO16] pump is 400 mm and outlet width is 50 mm. The pump is cunning at 800 r.p.m. and is working against a total head of 15 m. The vanes angle at outlet is 40° and manometric efficiency is 75%. @ (1) velocity of water leaving the vane, Determine : - (i) velocity of flow at outlet (ii) angle niade by the absolute velocity at outlet with the direction of motion at outlet, and (iv) discharge. (c) Derive an expression for finding minimum speed for starting the centrifugal pump. 8 (d) A three-stage centrifugal pump has impeller 400 mm in diameter and 20 mm wile. The vane angle at . outlet is 45° and the area occupied by the thickness of the vanes may be assumed 8 percent of the total . area. If the pump delivers 3.6 m? of water per minute when running at 920 r.p.m. determine : @ @ di) | Manometric head, and Gii) Specific speed Power of the pump, €037513(037) 17] Assume mechanical efficiency. as 88% and manometric efficiency as 77%. Unit-V - Re Leh What do you mean by “Air Vessel”: CD) What is Indicator diagram for a reciprocating pump. Explain Ideal indicator diagram and effect of acceleration in suction and delivery pipes on Go (c) A double-acting reciprocating piston pump is Indicator diagram. pumping water (diameter of the piston 250 mm, diameter of piston-rod; which is.on one side of the piston 50 min, piston stroke 380 mm). The suction and discharge heads are a m and 18.6 m respectively. Find the work done by the piston during outward stroke. Would the work done change for the invward stroke? 8 9 single-acting reciprocating pump has a stroke length of 15.cm. The suction pipe is 7 meter long - a oO eee eae and the ratio of the suction diameter fo the plunger diameter is 3/4. The water level in the sump is 2.5 meters befow the-axis of ‘the pump cylinder, and the €037513(037)740) 18] pipe connecting the sump and pump cylinder is 7.5 cm diameter. If the crank is running at 75 r.p.m., determine the pressure head on the piston : i 8 (i) in the beginning of the suction stroke, (ii) in the middle of the suction stroke, and (iii) in the end of the suction stroke Take co-efficient of friction as.0-01. “ip 037513(037)