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2006/02/28 Cooling System (RENR1388-07)

SMCS - 1350 i02493587

This engine has a pressure type cooling system. A pressure type cooling system gives

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two advantages. First, the cooling system can be operated safely at a temperature that is higher

202 -0006
than the boiling point of water. Next, cavitation in the water pump is prevented. It is more difficult for
air or steam pockets to be made in the cooling system.

Radiator Cooling System 3/

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In normal operation, the water pump (10) sends the coolant from the radiator (5) to the engine oil
cooler (7). The coolant then flows to the cylinder block. The coolant then flows through the cylinder

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block to both of the cylinder heads. The coolant then flows to the temperature regulator housings (3).
When the temperature regulators are open, most of the coolant flows through the outlet (4) to the top

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of the radiator (5) (one on each side of the engine front). The coolant becomes cooler as the coolant
moves through the radiator. When the coolant goes to the bottom of the radiator, the coolant goes

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through the water pump inlet (11).

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Illustration 1 g01246681
An example of a radiator cooling system
(1) Turbochargers
(2) Aftercooler
(3) Temperature regulator housings
(4) The outlet from the temperature regulator housing to the radiator top (one on each side of the engine front)
(5) Radiator
(6) The outlet of the bonnet of the oil cooler
(7) Engine oil cooler
(8) Line to the aftercooler
(9) Inlet bonnet of the oil cooler
(10) Water pump
(11) The water pump inlet from the bottom of the radiator
(12) Radiator bypass lines

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Illustration 2 g01246683
Cooling system components
(1) Turbocharger
(2) Aftercooler
(3) Temperature regulator housing
(4) Outlet to the radiator top
(6) The outlet of the bonnet of the oil cooler
(7) Engine oil cooler
(8) Line to the aftercooler
(9) Inlet bonnet of the oil cooler
(10) Water pump
(11) The water pump inlet from the bottom of the radiator
(12) Radiator bypass lines

Note: The water temperature regulator is an important part of the cooling system. The water
temperature regulator divides the coolant flow between the radiator (5) and the bypass lines (12).
This will maintain the correct temperature. There is no mechanical control if the water temperature
regulator is not installed in the system. The coolant will take the path of least resistance and the
coolant will go through the bypass. This will cause the engine to overheat in hot weather. During cold
weather, any coolant that goes through the radiator is too much coolant. The engine will not reach
normal operating temperatures.

The water temperature regulator is closed when the engine is cold. The coolant flows through the
temperature regulator housing (3) through the radiator bypass lines (12) and back to the water pump
(10).

Engines that are equipped with an aftercooler will divide the coolant flow. Part of the coolant will flow
to the engine oil cooler and part of the coolant will flow through line (8) to the aftercooler. From the
aftercooler, the coolant flows through the block, through the heads and back to the regulator.

If the engine is not equipped with an aftercooler, line (8) becomes an oil cooler bypass line. This line
will connect to the outlet of the oil cooler bonnet (6). Part of the coolant will flow through the engine
oil cooler (7) and part of the coolant will flow through the bypass line (8). The coolant will flow from
the outlet of the oil cooler bonnet (6) through the cylinder block. The coolant then flows from the
cylinder block through the cylinder heads.

On some engine applications, water cooled manifolds and a water cooled turbocharger is used. The
coolant is taken from the rear oil cooler bonnet (6) and flows to the bottom of the water cooled
turbocharger. The coolant flows from the top of the turbocharger. Part of the coolant flows through a

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line back to the water pump. The remainder of the coolant flows through the manifolds back to the
regulators.

Coolant Conditioner
Some conditions of operation can cause pitting on the outer surface of the cylinder liners and on the
cylinder block surface next to the liners. This pitting is caused by corrosion or by cavitation erosion. A
corrosion inhibitor is a chemical that provides a reduction in pitting. The addition of a corrosion
inhibitor can keep this type of damage to a minimum.

The coolant conditioner element is a spin-on element that is similar to a fuel filter and to oil filter
elements. The coolant conditioner element attaches to the coolant conditioner base that is mounted
on the engine or mounted on a remote location. Coolant flows through lines from the water pump to
the base and back to the block. There is a constant flow of coolant through the element.

The element has a specific amount of inhibitor for acceptable cooling system protection. As the
coolant flows through the element, the corrosion inhibitor goes into the solution. The corrosion
inhibitor is a dry solution, so the inhibitor dissolves. The corrosion inhibitor then mixes to the correct
concentration. Two basic types of elements are used for the cooling system. The two elements are
the PRECHARGE elements and the MAINTENANCE elements. Each type of element has a specific
use. The elements must be used correctly in order to get the necessary concentration for cooling
system protection. The elements also contain a filter. The elements should remain in the system
after the conditioner material is dissolved.

The PRECHARGE element contains more than the normal amount of inhibitor. The precharge
element is used when a system is first filled with new coolant. This element must add enough
inhibitor in order to bring the complete cooling system up to the correct concentration.

The MAINTENANCE elements have a normal amount of inhibitor. The maintenance elements are
installed at the first change interval. A sufficient amount of inhibitor is provided by the maintenance
elements in order to maintain the corrosion protection at an acceptable level. After the first change
interval, only maintenance elements are installed. In order to provide the cooling system with
protection, maintenance elements are installed at specific intervals.

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© 2023 Caterpillar Inc.

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