The French Revolution (1789-1799

The French Revolution was a period of radical social

and political upheaval in France that fundamentally
transformed the country's monarchy and laid the
groundwork for modern democratic principles.
Beginning in 1789 with the convocation of the
Estates-General, the revolution was fueled by
widespread discontent over economic inequality,
social injustice, and the absolutist rule of King Louis
XVI. The revolutionaries, inspired by Enlightenment
ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, established
a National Assembly and subsequently abolished
feudal privileges and the monarchy itself. The
revolution saw the rise of factions such as the
Jacobins and the Reign of Terror under Maximilien
Robespierre, followed by the rise of Napoleon
Bonaparte, who seized power in 1799 and
proclaimed himself Emperor in 1804. The French
Revolution had profound impacts not only on France
but also on the development of modern political
ideologies and revolutions around the world
The Russian Revolution (1917
The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a pair of
revolutions that took place in Russia, leading to the
overthrow of the Romanov dynasty and the
establishment of the first Marxist state in the world.
The February Revolution of 1917 began with
widespread strikes and protests against the Tsarist
regime's handling of World War I and culminated in
the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II.A provisional
government was established, but it faced challenges
from radical socialist factions, particularly the
Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin. The October.