II Cylindrical gears 219

14.1.1 Hand of gear for gear teeth

The direction of the helix angle of the gear (see Image 16.4) defines the direction of the axial forces.
Helical gear teeth usually produce less noise than spur gear teeth, but generate an additional
bending moment and an axial force. A gear with continuous double helical teeth consists of two
halves of a helical gear with a different hand of gear. Although it does not generate any axial forces,
it must be possible to adjust the gear along its axis and it is more difficult to manufacture. In a
herringbone gear, click the button to set the gap width bn.

14.1.2 Normal module

Enter the normal module. The normal module defines the size of the teeth. A standard series is for
example defined in DIN 780 or ISO 54. However, if you know the pitch, transverse module or
diametral pitch instead of this, click on the button to open a dialog window, in which you can
perform the conversion. If you want to transfer the diametral pitch instead of the normal module, you
can select Input normal diametral pitch instead of normal module (see chapter 14.20.1.5, Input of
normal diametral pitch instead of normal module) by clicking on Calculation > Settings > General.

14.1.3 Pressure angle at normal section

The normal pressure angle at the reference circle is also the reference profile flank angle. For
standard meshings, the pressure angle is αn = 20°. Smaller pressure angles can be used for larger
numbers of teeth to achieve higher contact ratios and insensitivity to changes in center distance.
Larger pressure angles increase the strength and enable a smaller number of teeth to be used
without undercut. In this situation, the contact ratio decreases and the radial forces increase.

14.1.4 Helix angle at reference circle

Enter the helix angle in [°]. Click the button in the Convert helix angle window to calculate this
angle from other values such as, for example, the overlap ratio and axial force.