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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Parish life in
mediæval England
 This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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Title: Parish life in mediæval England

Author: Francis Aidan Gasquet

Release date: May 5, 2024 [eBook #73543]

Language: English

Original publication: London: Methuen & Co, 1906

Credits: Carla Foust, MWS and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file
was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PARISH LIFE

IN MEDIÆVAL ENGLAND ***
 THE ANTIQUARY’S BOOKS

GENERAL EDITOR: J. CHARLES COX, LL.D.,

F.S.A.

PARISH LIFE IN MEDIÆVAL ENGLAND

 PASSIONTIDE:
OFFICE OF THE PENITENTIARY, THE LENTEN VEIL, ETC.
 PARISH LIFE IN
MEDIÆVAL ENGLAND
BY

ABBOT GASQUET, D.D.

AUTHOR OF
“ENGLISH MONASTIC LIFE”

WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS

SECOND EDITION

METHUEN & CO.

36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON
First Published October 1906
Second Edition 1907
 CONTENTS
PAGE

List of Manuscript and Printed Authorities xi

CHAPTER I
The Parish 1
CHAPTER II
The Parish Church 21
CHAPTER III
The Parish Church (continued) 44
CHAPTER IV
The Parish Clergy 71
CHAPTER V
The Parish Officials 102
CHAPTER VI
Parochial Finance 124
CHAPTER VII
The Parish Church Services 140
CHAPTER VIII
Church Festivals 164
CHAPTER IX
The Sacraments 187
CHAPTER X
The Parish Pulpit 211
 CHAPTER XI
Parish Amusements 233
CHAPTER XII
Guilds and Fraternities 253

Index 275
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE
TEXT
PAGE

Thurible, found near Pershore 33

Twelfth Century.
Pax 34
Arch. Journal, ii. 149.
Bracket with Suspended Dove and Cover 37
Viollet le Duc, Dictionnaire du Mobilier, i. 249.
Sacramental Dove 38
Ibid., 50.
St. Martin’s Mass, showing Disposition of Altar Furniture—
47
Fourteenth Century
Didron, Annales Archæologique, iii. 95.
Pyx, and Canopy, open 48
Pyx Canopy, closed 49
Shaft Piscina, Treborough 52
Double Piscina, Cowlinge, Suffolk 52
Outside Entrance to Rood-Loft, St. John’s, Winchester 55
Journal of Arch. Assoc., ix. 1.
Corona of Lights, St. Martin de Troyes—Fifteenth Century 61
Viollet le Duc, Dictionnaire du Mobilier.
Backless Benches, Cawston, Norfolk 63
Font, St. Michael’s, Sutton Bonnington, Notts 64
Holy Water Stoup, Wootton Courtney, Somerset 65
Sacrament of Ordination 79
From The Art of Good Lyvinge.
Rectory, West Dean, Sussex 89
Turner’s Domestic Architecture, i. 168.
Holy Water Clerk 113
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 10 E. 4.
Blessing of Food by Holy Water Clerk 114
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 10 E. 4.
Alms Box, Blythburgh, Suffolk 130
Organ—Twelfth Century 144
Didron, Annales Archæologique, iv. 31.
Low Side Window, Barnard Castle, Durham 147
Holy Water Vat and Sprinkler 155
Dictionnaire du Mobilier, ii. 35.
The Sacrament of Penance 169
From The Art of Good Lyvinge.
Easter Sepulchre, Arnold, Notts 178
Sacrament of Baptism 191
From The Art of Good Lyvinge.
Sacrament of Confirmation 195
Ibid.
Sacrament of Extreme Unction 202
Ibid.
Hearse and Pall—Fifteenth Century. Cantors at Lectern 205
 “Vita et pass. S. Dyonisii Areop.,” Biblio. Nat.
Dictionnaire du Mobilier, ii. 127.
Sacrament of Matrimony 208
From The Art of Good Lyvinge.
Pulpit, 1475, St. Paul’s, Truro 212
Stone Pulpit Bracket, Walpole St. Andrew, Norfolk 215
Church House, Lincoln 234
Turner’s Domestic Architecture, i. 168.
 LIST OF PLATES
Passiontide Frontispiece
B. Museum, Add. MS., 25698, f. 9.
Rood-Screen and Pulpit, Haberton To face
44
Church page
From a Photograph by J. Valentine &
Sons, Ltd.
Screen, Withycombe, Somerset ” 56
Acolythes and Baptism ” 76
B. Museum, Royal MSS., 6 E. vi., ff.
40, 171.
Houseling Cloth for Holy Communion ” 106
Ibid., 2 B. vii., f. 260b.
Archidiaconal Visitation and Marriage ” 216
Ibid., 6 E. vi., ff. 133, 375.
Confirmation and Youths receiving Holy
” 222
Communion
Ibid., 6 E. ff. 472, 337d.
LIST OF MANUSCRIPT AND PRINTED
AUTHORITIES
As in English Monastic Life, the volume I have already contributed to
this series of “The Antiquary’s Books,” I have, in this book, been
advised by the Editor to avoid multitudinous footnotes and
references. I here give a list of works, in print and manuscript, out of
which I have endeavoured to reconstruct the picture of Parish Life in
Mediæval England, which I have tried to sketch in the following
pages.
CHANTRIES
P. R. O. Exchequer, Augmentation Office, Chantry
Certificates.
P. R. O. Exchequer, Ministers’ Accounts, 2-3, Edward VI.
Chantries within the County of Lancaster (Chetham Soc.).
Somerset, Survey and Rental of Chantries. ed. E. Green
(Somerset Record Soc.). 1888.
Yorkshire, Certificates as to Chantries, etc. (Surtees Soc.).
2 vols.
CHURCHWARDENS’ ACCOUNTS
Ashburton (1479-1580). ed. J. H. Butcher.
Arlington, Sussex (1456-1479). Brit. Mus. Add. MS.
33,192.
Bath, St. Michael’s without the North Gate. ed. C. B.
Pearson (Somerset Archæol., etc., Soc.
Proceedings, vol. xxiii. p. 6). Cf. also Somerset
Record Soc. 1890.
Bedwardine, St. Michael’s (Worcester), 1539-1603. ed. J.
Amphlett.
Bishop Stortford St. Michael’s. ed. J. L. Glasscock. 1882.
Blythburgh, Suffolk. ed. J. Gardner (1754), Hist. of
Dunwich, Blythburgh, and Southwold, 147-159.
Bodmin, Receipts and Expenses in the Building of. ed. J.
J. Wilkinson (Camden Soc., Misc., vii. 1874).
Bramley, Surrey (transcript kindly lent by C. R. Peers,
Esq.).
Bristol, St. Ewen’s. Sir J. Maclean (in Transactions of
Bristol and Glouc. Archæol. Assoc., xv. 1890-1891).
Cambridge, St. Mary the Great (1504-1635). ed. J. E.
Foster (Cambridge Antiq. Soc.). 1905.
Canterbury, St. Dunstan’s (1484-1580). ed. Cowper. 1885.
(Reprinted from Archæologia Cantiana, xvi., xvii.)
Cowfold (1471-1485). Rev. W. B. Otter, in Sussex
Archæol. Coll. ii., pp. 316-325.
Cratfield parish (1490-1642). ed. Rev. W. Holland.
Croscombe, Pilton, Yatton, Tintinhull, Morebath, and St.
Michael’s, Bath. ed. Bishop Hobhouse (Somerset
Record Soc. 1890).
Derby, All Saints (1465-1527). ed. J. C. Cox and W. H. St.
John Hope. 1881.
Dover, St. Mary’s (1536). Brit. Mus. Eg. MS. 1912.
Exeter, St. Petrock’s (1425-1590). R. Dymond (Devon
Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, etc. 1902).
Hawkhurst. ed. W. J. Lightfoot (Archæologia Cantiana, vol.
v. p. 78).
Hedon, St. Augustine’s, in E. Riding of Yorks (in Early
History of the Town and Port. J. R. Boyle), Appendix,
 ciii. seqq.
Hertfordshire. Inventory of Church Furniture. ed. J. E.
Cussans.
Hythe (1412-1413) in Archæol. Cantiana, x. pp. 242-249.
Leicester, St. Martin’s. ed. Thomas North. 1884.
Leverton, Lincolnshire (in Archæologia, vol. xli. pp. 333
seqq.).
Lincolnshire, in Church Goods, ed. Peacock, pp. 202
seqq.
London, St. Martin’s, Outwich (1570), in Sir J. Nichols’
Illust. of Manners, etc., pp. 270 seqq.
London, St. Dionysius, Backchurch (in Lond. and Midd.
Archæol., iv. pp. 203 seqq.).
London, St. Mary-at-Hill (1420-1559). ed. H. Littlehales, 2
parts, 1904-1906 (Early English Text Soc.).
London, St. Michael’s, Cornhill. ed. Overall and Waterlow.
1870.
London, St. Peter Cheap (Journal of Archæological
Association, vol. xxiv. pp. 248 seqq.).
Ludlow (1469-1749). ed. Ll. Jones (in Shropshire
Archæol., etc., Soc., vols. 1, 2, 4, 5).
Melton Mowbray. ed. Thomas North (in Leicestershire
Architect. and Archæol. Soc. Trans. III. 1874).
Morebath, Somerset (see Croscombe).
Norfolk Church Goods (in Norfolk Archæol., vii.).
North Elmham (1539-1577). ed. A. G. Legge. 1891.
Norwich Church Goods (in Norfolk Archæol., vi. p. 360).
Nottinghamshire Church Goods (P. R. O. Exch. Q. R.
Church Goods, 7/38-7/39).
Oxford, St. Peter-in-the-East (1444). ed. R. S. Mylne (in
Soc. of Antiquaries Proceedings, 2nd Series, X., 25-
28).
Pilton, Somerset (see Croscombe).
Piltington and other parishes in diocese of Durham. 1580.
(ed. Surtees Soc. 1888.)
Reading, St. Giles. ed. W. L. Nash. 1881.
Saffron Walden, Extracts, 1439-85 (in History of Audley
End and Saffron Walden, by Richard, Lord
Braybrooke).
Salisbury, St. Edmund’s and St. Thomas’ (1447-1702),
(Wilts Record Soc.).
Shere, Surrey. Manning and Bray’s Surrey, i. 529-531.
Steyning, Surrey, ed. T. Medland (in Surrey Archæol., viii.
133-140).
Stratton, Cornwall, Highcross Wardens (1512-1577). Brit.
Mus. Add. MS. 32,243 (Archæologia, xlvi. pp. 195-
236).
Stutterton, St. Mary’s (1461-1536). Bib. Bodl. MS.
Rawlinson 786.
Surrey Church Goods (in Surrey Archæol., iv. pp. 1-189).
Tavistock, Extracts, 1385-1725 (in Calendar, etc. ed. R. N.
Worth. 1887).
Thame, Extracts 1443-1638 (in History, etc. ed. F. G. Lee,
pp. 15-87).
Tintinhull, Somerset (see Croscombe).
Walberswick (1451-1550), in Sir J. Nichols’ Illust. of
Manners, etc., pp. 183 seqq.
Wells, St. Cuthbert’s, early accounts (in Historical Account
of St. Cuthbert’s). 1875.
 Westminster, St. Margaret’s (1460-1461), in Sir J. Nichols’
Illust. of Manners, etc., pp. 1 seqq.
Westminster, St. Margaret’s, Extracts 1478-1492 (in
Caxton Memorial, reprinted from the Builder, Aug. 7
and 21, 1880).
Wigtoft (1484-1497), in Sir J. Nichols’ Illust. of Manners,
etc., pp. 77 seqq.
Wing, Bucks, (in Archæologia, xxxvi. pp. 219-241).
Worcester, St. Helen’s (1519-1520). ed. J. Amphlett.
Yatton, Somerset (see Croscombe).
London, St. Mary Woolnoth, Deeds relating to. B. Mus.
Harl. MS. 877.
CLERICAL LIFE
Baculus Viatoris, to give priests material for instruction.
Brit. Mus. MS. Reg. 8, F. vii. (ff. 41-51d).
Cilium Oculi Sacerdotis. Harl. MS. 4968 (ff. 1-46d), and
Harl. MS. 211 (ff. 51d seqq.).
Cura Clericalis. Wynkyn de Worde. 1532.
De Oculo Morali. Bishop Grosteste. MS. Reg. 7, C. i. Also
printed at Augsburg, 1480, and at Venice, 1496.
Dieta Salutis. R. Halcot. B. Mus. Harl. MS. 2250 (ff. 64-
68); MS. Reg. 7, D. xxii.; 5, F. xiv.; 7, 6, I.; Add. MS.
11,437.
Doctrinal of Sapience. Caxton. 1489.
Instructions for Priests. Printed by De Worde.
Elucidarium of William of Coventry. Harl. MS. 5234 (ff. 88
seqq.).
Exornatorium Curatorum. Printed by Notary, de Worde
and Pepwell.
Exposition of the Commandments. By John Nydar.
 Flos Florum. Thomas Hibernicus or Palmeranus. Brit.
Mus. Burney MS. 356. Printed at Venice in 1550 and
several times afterwards; sometimes known as the
Flores dictorum and Manipulus Florum.
Gallicantus. By Bishop Alcock, of Ely. Printed by Pynson,
1498.
Liber Bonitatis. Harl. MS. 2379 (ff. 15d-12d).
Liber Festivalis. Sixteen printed editions between 1483-
1532.
Manipulus Curatorum. Six printed editions in Latin from
1500-1509, and in translations as Livre de Sapience
and The Doctrinal of Sapience.
Manuale Sacerdotis. Harl. MS. 5306.
Oculus Sacerdotis. B. Mus. Harl. MS. 1307; MS. Reg. 6,
E. i.; 8, c. ii. (ff. 52-180); 8, B. xv. (ff. 1-163).
Pupilla Oculi. J. de Burgo. Harl. MS. 5442, and several
early editions in print.
Quatuor Sermones (giving matter for instructions ordered
four times a year). Printed by Caxton, 1483, etc.
Regimen Animarum. Harl. MS. 2272.
Speculum Curatorum. Ralph Higden. Harl. MS. 1004.
Speculum Eduardi. B. Mus. Harl. MSS. 2379; 2383; 2388;
3363; MS. Reg. 8, F. vii.
Speculum Sacerdotum. Harl. MS. 2346.
Stella Clericorum. Printed by Pynson.
Summa Magri. Thomæ de Cabaham. Harl. MS. 4065.
Sermo Exhortatorius Cancellarii Eboracensis. Printed by
Wynkyn de Worde, 1494 (?).
EPISCOPAL REGISTERS