1.

_______ range in color from pale yellow to

bright orange.
(A) Canaries which
(B) Canaries
(C) That canaries
(D) Canaries that are

2. _______ of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

(A) The valuable
(B) It is the value
(C) It is valuable
(D) The value

3. _______ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere, it

spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.
(A) However
(B) Because of
(C) Although
(D) That

4. The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each
January.
(A) a prize
(B) which prize
(C) is a prize which
(D) is a prize

5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin _______ from the
epidermis.
(A) grow
(B) grows
(C) growing
(D) they grow

6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, _______ of them are cultivated.

(A) some
(B) but some
(C) for some species
(D) some species

7. Thunder occurs as _______ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide with
layers of cooler air.
(A) an electrical charge
(B) passes an electrical charge
(C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes

8. Researchers have long debated _______ Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon oceans
and lakes.
(A) over it
(B) whether it
(C) whether
(D) whether over

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds _______ forebode rain.
(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they

10. _______ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm
from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.
(A) It was used as a measurement
(B) A measurement was used
(C) The use of a measurement
(D) Used as a measurement

11. Only when air and water seep through its outer coat _______
(A) does a seed germinate
(B) to the germination of a seed
(C) a seed germinates
(D) for a seed to germinate

12. _______ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in an
opposite direction in winter than in summer.
(A) Causing
(B) That cause
(C) To cause
(D) What causes

13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times
as _______ Mount Everest.
(A) high
(B) high as is
(C) higher than
(D) the highest of

14. The flight instructor, _______ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been given.
(A) when interviewed
(B) when he interviewed
(C) when his interview
(D) when interviewing

15. In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _______ and churning rivers.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(B) found majestic mountains
(C) are found majestic mountains
(D) finding majestic mountains
Kunci jawaban dan pembahasan
1. _______ range in color from pale yellow to
bright orange.
(A) Canaries which
(B) Canaries
(C) That canaries
(D) Canaries that are
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas butuh subject. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya B yang
memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb: Canaries (subject) + range
(verb)

2. _______ of precious gems is determined by their hardness, color, and brilliance.

(A) The valuable
(B) It is the value
(C) It is valuable
(D) The value
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kata kerja (is determined) sudah ada. Jadi kita hanya mencari
subject kalimat. Hanya pilihan jawaban D yang bisa menjadi subject.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: Mesti terdapat Subject dan Verb

3. _______ a tornado spins in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere, it

spins in the opposite direction in the southern hemisphere.
(A) However
(B) Because of
(C) Although
(D) That
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat dua klausa (S + V): a tornado spins & it spins. Jadi kita
butuh connector untuk menghubungkan ke dua klausa. Dari pilihan jawaban hanya C yang
memenuhi syarat.
Prinsip Kalimat Bahasa Inggris: 2 clause butuh 1 connector. 3 clause butuh dua connector.

4. The Caldecott Medal, _______ for the best children's picture book, is awarded each
January.
(A) a prize
(B) which prize
(C) is a prize which
(D) is a prize
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Cara 1: Kalimat di atas terdapat subject (The Caldecott Medal) dan verb (is awarded), ini
berarti kalimat sudah lengkap. Kita sudah tidak butuh lagi kata kerja. Otomatis pilihan pilihan
C dan D sudah tereliminasi. Pilihan B juga ikut tereliminasi. Kalimat di atas cuma terdiri dari
1 clause jadi tidak butuh connector (which). Jadi pilihan jawaban benar ialah A.
Cara 2: Materi Appositive. Appositive ialah noun yang menjelaskan noun lainnya (dalam
TOEFL umumnya subject). Jadi kita cuma butuh noun untuk menjelaskan subject (The
Caldecott Medal). Dan yang terdapat noun ialah pilihan jawaban A.

5. The horn of the rhinoceros consists of a cone of tight bundles of keratin _______ from the
epidermis.
(A) grow
(B) grows
(C) growing
(D) they grow
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat Subject (the horn) dan Verb (consists). Jadi
kita tidak butuh lagi verb lainnya. Otomatis pilihan jawaban A dan B salah. Pilihan jawaban
D juga salah karena membuat clause lain. Ingat 2 clause harus terdapat 1 connector. Jadi
tersisalah pilihan jawaban C.

6. Most species of heliotropes are weeds, _______ of them are cultivated.

(A) some
(B) but some
(C) for some species
(D) some species
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat atas, terdapat 2 verb (are) dan (are cultivated). Jadi
terdapat dua clause. Ingat 2 clause harus terdapat 1 connector. Hanya pilihan jawaban B yang
berisi connector (but).

7. Thunder occurs as _______ through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide with
layers of cooler air.
(A) an electrical charge
(B) passes an electrical charge
(C) the passing of an electrical charge
(D) an electrical charge passes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Di kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause (Thunder occurs) dan 1
connector (as). Jadi bisa ditebak kalimat di atas mesti terdapat dua clause. Dari pilihan
jawaban hanya D yang berbentuk clause. Ingat clause terdiri dari Subject dan Verb.

8. Researchers have long debated _______ Saturn's moon Titan contains hydrocarbon oceans
and lakes.
(A) over it
(B) whether it
(C) whether
(D) whether over
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat 2 clause. Clause 1 (Researchers have long
debated); clause 2 (Saturn's moon Titan contains). Jadi kita tinggal butuh 1 connector. Hanya
pilihan jawaban C yang terdapat memenuhis syarat.

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark grey clouds _______ forebode rain.
(A) what
(B) which
(C) what they
(D) which they
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas terdapat subject (Nimbostratus clouds) dan verb
(are). JJuga terdapat verb (forebode) jadi terdapat dua clause. Dua clause butuh 1 connector.
Jawaban yang benar ialah B. Which berfungsi sebagai connector sekaligus sebagai subject
dari verb (forebode). Materi ini masuk dalam materi "Adjective Clause".

10. _______ in several early civilizations, a cubit was based on the length of the forearm
from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow.
(A) It was used as a measurement
(B) A measurement was used
(C) The use of a measurement
(D) Used as a measurement
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Used as a measurement in several early civilizations (digunakan sebagai sebuah ukuran di
wal-awal peradaban silam), a cubit

11. Only when air and water seep through its outer coat _______
(A) does a seed germinate
(B) to the germination of a seed
(C) a seed germinates
(D) for a seed to germinate
Pembahasan Jawaban: terdapat negative expression (only) di awal kalimat. Dalam TOEFL
ini mendandakan adanya inversion (pembalikan S + V --> V + S): Bentuk inversion umum
dipakai dalam bentuk question. Hanya pilihan jawaban A memenuhi syarat.

12. _______ seasonal rainfall, especially in regions near the tropics, is winds that blow in an
opposite direction in winter than in summer.
(A) Causing
(B) That cause
(C) To cause
(D) What causes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan ialah subject untuk verb (is). Dari pilihan jawaban
yang memnuhi syarat secara structure dan meaning ialah pilihan jawaban D. Materi ini masuk
dalam katergori Noun Clause di mana noun clause bertindak sebagai subject kalimat. Pilhan
jawaban A, B, dan C semuanya bisa digunakan sebagai subject hanya saja tidak sesuai dg
kontek kalimat di atas. SAngat mudah dengan menggunakan pendekatan makna translation).

13. The extinct Martian volcano Olympus Mons is approximately three times
as _______ Mount Everest.
(A) high
(B) high as is
(C) higher than
(D) the highest of
Pembahasan Jawaban: as + adjective + as. Pilihan jawaban B yang terdapat as.

14. The flight instructor, _______ at the air base, said that orders not to fight had been given.
(A) when interviewed
(B) when he interviewed
(C) when his interview
(D) when interviewing
Pembahasan Jawaban: Pilihan benar ialah A.
when interviewed (ketika diwawancara).
Materi reduced averb(ial) clause

15. In the northern and central parts of the state of Idaho _______ and churning rivers.
(A) majestic mountains are found
(B) found majestic mountains
(C) are found majestic mountains
(D) finding majestic mountains
Pembahasan Jawaban: terdapat place expression 9In the northern and central parts of the
state of Idaho) di awal kalimat. Dalam TOEFL ini menandakan adanya inversion
(pembalikan S + V --> V + S): Hanya pilihan jawaban C memenuhi syarat.